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Arumäe K, Mõttus R, Vainik U. Body mass predicts personality development across 18 years in middle to older adulthood. J Pers 2023; 91:1395-1409. [PMID: 36718127 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various personality traits have longitudinal relations with body mass index (BMI), a measure of body weight and a risk factor for numerous health concerns. We tested these associations' compatibility with causality in either direction. METHOD Using three waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (N = 12,235, Mage = 53.33 at baseline), we tested how accurately the Five-Factor Model personality domains and their items could collectively predict BMI and change in it with elastic net models. With multilevel models, we tested (a) bidirectional and (b) within-person associations between BMI and personality traits. RESULTS The five domains were able to predict concurrent (r = 0.08), but not future BMI. Twenty-nine personality items predicted concurrent and future BMI at r = 0.21 and r = 0.16 to 0.25, respectively. Neither the domains nor items could collectively predict change in BMI. Similarly, no individual trait predicted change in BMI, but BMI predicted changes in Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and several items (|b*| = 0.03 to 0.08). BMI had within-person correlations with these same traits; time-invariant third factors like genetics or childhood environments therefore could not (fully) account for their relations. CONCLUSIONS Body weight may contribute to adults' personality development, but the reverse appears less likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Arumäe
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - René Mõttus
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Anderson JR, Bloom MJ, Broshous WT, Chen GYX, Jost SR, Lang A, Neto LCLDS, Mankin NV, McMahan ER, Merheb JA, Nelson PP, Valderrama-Araya EF. HEXACO personality factors as predictors of physical activity, resting heart rate, body mass index, and healthy lifestyle behaviors. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 12:11-19. [PMID: 38756194 PMCID: PMC11094458 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/159157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality traits are known factors that may influence levels of physical activity and other healthy lifestyle measures and behaviors that ultimately lead to health problems later in life. Participants And Procedure The aim of this study was to examine the association between personality traits (HEXACO) and levels of physical activity and resting heart rate (RHR) - measured using Fitbits, BMI, and a self-reported whole-person healthy lifestyle score for N = 2580 college students. Data were collected and analyzed for students enrolled in a University Success type course from August 2017 to May 2021. The relationships between HEXACO personality traits and various physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors were analyzed by building several multiple regression models using R version 4.0.2. Results In general, students who are extraverted were more physically active and students who are more open to experience had a higher RHR, even when controlling for gender. Females and males however had different profiles as to how personality influenced physical activity and other health-related measures. Male extraverts with high negative emotionality scores tend to be more physically active, whereas females tend to be more physically active when they were high in extroversion and conscientiousness, and low in openness to experience. BMI values were higher for female participants with high honesty-humility and low agreeableness and conscientiousness scores. Females also had a lower RHR for high honesty-humility and emotionality and low conscientiousness scores. CONCLUSIONS Personality can influence levels of physical activity, RHR, and BMI. This is especially true of women. Being aware of one's personality and the relationship of personality traits to levels of physical activity and other measures of leading a healthy lifestyle can be beneficial in determining strategies to improve long-term health outcomes.
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Wright AJ, Jackson JJ. Is parent personality associated with adolescent outcomes for their child? A response surface analysis approach. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Wright
- Psychological & Brain Sciences Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Joshua J. Jackson
- Psychological & Brain Sciences Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
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Pristyna G, Mahmudiono T, Rifqi MA, Indriani D. The relationship between Big Five Personality Traits, eating habits, physical activity, and obesity in Indonesia based on analysis of the 5th wave Indonesia Family Life Survey (2014). Front Psychol 2022; 13:881436. [PMID: 35992390 PMCID: PMC9387636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.881436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the association between Big Five Personality Traits (Openness to new experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) and nutrition-related variables (eating habits, physical activity, and obesity using Body Mass Index). We used secondary data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5 involving a total of 14,473 men and 16,467 women aged 15−101 years (mean = 37.34; SD = 14.916) in Indonesia that was selected by stratified random sampling conducted in the period 2014 to 2015. Data were collected through interviews with the Big Five Index 15 and a questionnaire similar to the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire which was translated into the Indonesian language, and based on measurements of height and weight. Analyses used binary logistic regression test controlled by socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education, occupation, and marital status) to determine the association between Big Five Personality Traits and eating habits (recommended and non-recommended foods), physical activity, and obesity. Results showed that openness and extraversion were positively associated with recommended and non-recommended foods, conscientiousness was positively associated with only recommended foods, agreeableness was positively associated with recommended foods, and negatively associated with only one non-recommended food. Whereas, neuroticism was positively associated with non-recommended foods and negatively associated with recommended foods. Openness (p = 0.010; OR = 1.015; 95% CI = 1.004−1.027) and conscientiousness (p < 0.001; OR = 1.045; 95% CI = 1.030−1.059) were associated with physical activity. Conscientiousness (p = 0.002; OR = 1.025; 95% CI = 1.009−1.041), extraversion (p < 0.001; OR = 1.079; 95% CI = 1.065−1.092), and neuroticism (p < 0.001; OR = 0.966; 95% CI = 0.953−0.978) were associated with obesity. Although some results were different from previous studies, these associations can be used as strategies of behavioral change due to the adaptation of personality characteristics, which can be modified even though the personality tends to be persistent. Further studies are needed to understand other mechanisms that might underlie this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greena Pristyna
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Trias Mahmudiono,
| | - Mahmud A. Rifqi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Diah Indriani
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Magel CA, von Ranson KM. Negative urgency combined with negative emotionality is linked to eating disorder psychopathology in community women with and without binge eating. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:821-830. [PMID: 33629420 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has shown that negative emotionality (NE) and negative urgency (NU) are each risk factors for disordered eating behaviors among undergraduates and treatment-seekers. However, the interaction of these traits in community-based adults with clinical levels of binge eating is unknown and has implications for risk and maintenance models of disordered eating. METHOD We examined a moderated-mediation model of cross-sectional associations among levels of NE (independent variable), NU (mediator), and eating disorder psychopathology (i.e., eating, shape, and weight concerns, and restraint; dependent variable) in 68 community-recruited women with current regular binge eating and 75 control women with no eating disorder history (group = moderator). Participants completed semi-structured diagnostic interviews and self-report questionnaires measuring NE, NU, eating disorder psychopathology, and anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULTS After adjusting for anxiety and depression symptoms and body mass index, women with binge eating experienced greater NU and eating disorder psychopathology than control women with no eating disorder history. Despite similar levels of NE across groups, both groups exhibited an indirect effect of NE on eating disorder psychopathology via NU. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that greater NE, coupled with a propensity to engage in rash action when experiencing negative emotions, are associated with eating disorder psychopathology in women with and without eating disorders characterized by binge eating. These findings may help explain why some individuals engage in disordered eating behaviors when experiencing negative affect.
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Hobbs KA, Mann FD, Cole SW, Krueger RF. Big Five Personality and CTRA gene expression: Lack of association in a midlife sample of US adults (MIDUS-Refresher). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 169. [PMID: 33716369 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A previous study found that Extraversion and Conscientiousness were associated with increased and decreased expression of a pre-specified set of pro-inflammatory indicator genes. The present study aimed to replicate these findings in a sample of adults from the Refresher Cohort of the Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS). Analysis of gene expression composite scores and generalized linear models that took into account the heterogeneity and non-independence of RNA expression across different genes found no significant associations between the pro-inflammatory indicator gene set and the Big Five domains of personality. In addition, there was no significant association between a pre-specified antiviral indicator gene set and the Big Five domains. These findings suggest that relations between Big Five personality and expression of these two immune response indicator gene sets do not consistently appear across samples and may be context-dependent in ways that remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Hobbs
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Department of Psychology 75 E River Rd Minneapolis, MN 55455, United states
| | - Frank D Mann
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Department of Psychology 75 E River Rd Minneapolis, MN 55455, United states
| | - Steven W Cole
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine 11-934 Factor Building Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Robert F Krueger
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Department of Psychology 75 E River Rd Minneapolis, MN 55455, United states
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Armon G, Melamed S, Shirom A, Shapira I, Berliner S. Personality Traits and Body Weight Measures: Concurrent and Across–Time Associations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We tested the possibility that the five–factor model of personality is associated with three measures of body weight and with changes in their levels over time and that these associations are gender specific. The study was conducted at two points of time, Time 1 (2664 participants) and Time 2 (1492 participants), over approximately 4 years, controlling for gender, age, education, and having a chronic disease. Body weight was assessed by body mass index, waist circumference, waist–to–hip ratio, and the five–factor model by Saucier's Mini–Markers. Cross–sectional regression results indicated that conscientiousness was negatively associated with the three body weight measures, whereas neuroticism and extraversion were positively associated with the three body weight measures. The longitudinal regression results indicate that extraversion was associated with an increase in two of the body weight measures. Neuroticism was associated with increase in all three body weight measures and more strongly for women than for men. Openness was associated with a decrease in all three body weight measures for women, but this association was not significant for men. These findings help identify personality traits that lead to risk of weight gain and point to the modifying role of gender. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Armon
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samuel Melamed
- School of Behavioral Science, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Shirom
- Faculty of Management, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Schultz SA, Gordon BA, Mishra S, Su Y, Morris JC, Ances BM, Duchek JM, Balota DA, Benzinger TL. Association between personality and tau-PET binding in cognitively normal older adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2122-2131. [PMID: 31486975 PMCID: PMC7056533 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits such as Neuroticism and Conscientiousness are associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) pathophysiology in cognitively normal (CN) and impaired individuals, and may represent potential risk or resilience factors, respectively. This study examined the cross-sectional relationship between personality traits and regional tau deposition using positron emission tomography (PET) in cognitively normal older adults. A cohort of CN (Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 0, n = 128) older adults completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory to assess traits of Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness and underwent tau-PET and β-amyloid (Aβ)-PET imaging. We utilized linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, geriatric depression score, and Aβ to evaluate the association between each of the personality traits and regional tau-PET accumulation. Elevated Neuroticism scores were associated with higher tau-PET accumulation in the amygdala (p = .002), entorhinal cortex (p = .012), and inferior temporal cortex (p = .016), as well as with a composite tau-PET measure (p = .002). In contrast, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were not associated with tau deposition in any of these regions (p's > 0.160). Our results indicate that increased Neuroticism is associated with higher tau pathophysiology in regions known to be vulnerable to AD pathophysiology in CN participants. High Neuroticism scores may therefore serve as a potential risk factor for tau accumulation. Alternatively, personality can change with the onset of AD, thus increased tau levels may affect Neuroticism scores. While future longitudinal studies are needed to determine directionality, our findings suggest early associations between Neuroticism and tau accumulation in CN adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Schultz
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Radiology, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - John C. Morris
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Beau M. Ances
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Janet M. Duchek
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - David A. Balota
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tammie L.S. Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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The COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns and Changes in Body Weight among Polish Women. A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is limited information on the relationships between restrictions linked to COVID-19 and changes in body weight. The aim of the study was to identify the body weight changes and their determinants in the nutritional and socio-demographic context during the COVID-19 pandemic in Polish women. During lockdown in Poland, 34% of women gained weight, while 18% of women reduced weight. As many as 44% of women with obesity before the pandemic increased their body weight, and 74% of women that were underweight reduced their body weight. In a group with weight gain, women increased their body weight by 2.8 kg on average and around 65% of them increased their total food intake. Unhealthy dietary changes and the negative lifestyle changes that comprised of an increase in screen time and a decrease in physical activity were found as key factors associated with weight gain. A higher risk of weight gain was associated with being obese before the pandemic or living in a macroeconomic region >50% of EU-28 GDP, while those younger in age and carrying out remote work had a higher chance of weight loss. Concluding, the specific conditions during lockdown worsened the nutritional status, which may increase the risk of complicatedness and mortality from COVID-19. It seems advisable to create dietary and lifestyle recommendations tailored to the individual needs of women who are underweight or have excessive body weight. More attention should be paid also to environmental impacts. Both, the reduction of excessive body weight and the maintenance of a normal weight should be based on the principle to eat and live sustainably and healthily.
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Associations of self-reported eating disorder behaviors and personality in a college-educated sample. Appetite 2020; 151:104669. [PMID: 32179014 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to better understand factors motivating eating disorder (ED) behaviors and better identify persons at-risk for these behaviors, we sought to identify which personality domains and facets were associated with behaviors for weight control. METHODS ED behavior information was gathered from the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study using the question, "have you ever used any of the following to lose weight?" Respondents endorsed any combination of the following: "Vomiting," "Fasting," "Laxatives," "Excessive physical exercise." Personality was measured using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). One-way ANOVAs were performed comparing personality domains and facets to reported ED behaviors, computed both as separate behaviors and the number of cumulative behaviors. RESULTS Of 3496 respondents, 9.41% endorsed ever having used at least one ED behavior, with the majority endorsing only a single ED behavior. For both sexes, endorsing greater numbers of ED behaviors was associated with higher scores on Neuroticism and Openness. For women, the strongest associations for behaviors with personality were: excessive exercise with high Impulsiveness; fasting with high Impulsiveness and low Gregariousness; laxative use/purging with high scores on Activity and Feelings. For men, the strongest associations were: excessive exercise with high Impulsiveness; fasting with high Ideas; laxative use/purging with low Modesty. DISCUSSION Data collected from this sample showed a sex-modulated pattern of association between personality domains and facets with ED behaviors. Our findings support that obtaining personality profiles of individuals exhibiting subclinical eating behaviors will enhance our understanding of who is at risk of developing an ED diagnosis.
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Pfeiler TM, Egloff B. Personality and eating habits revisited: Associations between the big five, food choices, and Body Mass Index in a representative Australian sample. Appetite 2020; 149:104607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Al Abdi T, Andreou E, Papageorgiou A, Heraclides A, Philippou E. Personality, Chrono-nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health: A Narrative Review of the Evidence. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1201-1210. [PMID: 32407537 PMCID: PMC7490156 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that personality traits play a role in obesity and cardiometabolic health. In addition, irregularity of food intake has emerged as a potential risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies suggest that when we eat, termed "chrono-nutrition," may be as important to what we eat. This concept covers 3 aspects: 1) irregularity of energy intake in meals (varying amounts of energy intake throughout the day and at different times from one day to the next), 2) frequency (number of meals per day), and 3) timing of food intake (actual time of day). A narrative review was conducted to identify literature evaluating the effect of personality on chrono-nutrition and subsequently obesity and cardiometabolic health. The search focused on research published since 2000 in MEDLINE using the search terms "personality," "chrono-nutrition," "cardiometabolic," "BMI," "obesity," and "metabolic rate." Findings indicate an inverse relation between conscientiousness and obesity, with people who are more conscientious having a lower risk of obesity. Furthermore, time of day of energy intake has been linked to obesity, since meals consumed in the evening have been associated with lower resting metabolic rate. Inconsistent timing and frequency of meals have also been linked to increased body weight and worse cardiometabolic health. Together, the data indicate that eating meals at the same time every day at regular intervals might be the reason why those who score high in conscientiousness are able to maintain a healthier weight. Despite the reviewed observational evidence, there is an apparent gap in the existing literature on the interplay between personality, chrono-nutrition, and obesity and particularly on how dietary interventions should be designed considering different personality traits. Future research is needed to clarify this association and how it interacts with other factors, thus elucidating the role of chrono-nutrition in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Al Abdi
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eleni Andreou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexia Papageorgiou
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexandros Heraclides
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elena Philippou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to EP (E-mail: )
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13
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Oniszczenko W, Stanisławiak E. Association between sex and body mass index as mediated by temperament in a nonclinical adult sample. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:291-298. [PMID: 30448969 PMCID: PMC6441449 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between sex and body mass index (BMI) as mediated by the temperament traits postulated by the regulative theory of temperament. METHODS A group of 317 subjects, including 122 men and 195 women 18-82 years old (M = 31.93; SD = 12.64 years), was recruited from the general population to participate in the study. A cross-sectional design was applied in this study. Temperament was assessed using the formal characteristics of behaviour-temperament inventory revised version (FCB-TIR). In the sample, BMIs ranged from 16.51 to 35.56 kg/m2 (M = 23.31 kg/m2; SD = 3.61 kg/m2). RESULTS The male group had significantly higher BMI, briskness and endurance levels and significantly lower perseveration, sensory sensitivity and emotional reactivity levels compared to the female group. No significant differences between these groups were noted in terms of activity and rhythmicity. The correlations between BMI and briskness and between BMI and endurance were positive, while the correlations between BMI and perseveration and between BMI and activity were negative. The correlations among BMI, sensory sensitivity, emotional reactivity and rhythmicity were not statistically significant. The mediation analysis showed that briskness and endurance were significant partial mediators of the relationship between sex and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Sex and two temperament traits, briskness and endurance, were the best predictors of BMI. Briskness and endurance partially mediated the relationship between sex and BMI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Descriptive cross-sectional study. Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Stanisławiak
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Pawia 55, 01-030, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Wettstein M, Wahl HW, Heyl V. Four-year reciprocal relationships between personality and functional ability in older adults with and without sensory impairment: focus on neuroticism and agreeableness. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:834-843. [PMID: 28447472 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1318259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality traits have been found to influence health and functional ability (FA) via multiple pathways. However, personality traits may also change in reaction to constraints in FA, particularly in more vulnerable individuals with high risk of decline in independent functioning in daily life (e.g. older adults with sensory impairment). Therefore, conceptually anchored in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF model), this study investigated reciprocal relationships between personality, focusing on neuroticism and agreeableness, and indicators of FA (i.e. activities of daily living and subjective autonomy) as well as the potentially moderating role of sensory impairment status. METHOD The study sample consisted of 387 older adults (mean age at T1: M = 82.50 years, SD = 4.71 years) who were either sensory impaired (SI; i.e. visually or hearing impaired) or sensory unimpaired (UI). A total of 168 individuals were reassessed four years later. RESULTS Depending on sensory status, personality acted both as predictor and as outcome of FA. Neuroticism was more strongly related with later FA outcomes in SI than in UI individuals. FA variables, in turn, were significant predictors of later neuroticism in UI older adults only and of later agreeableness in SI individuals only. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the late-life personality-FA interplay needs to be considered bidirectional, and the direction of associations varies systematically as a function of sensory impairment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wettstein
- a Department of Psychological Aging Research , Heidelberg University , Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Wahl
- a Department of Psychological Aging Research , Heidelberg University , Germany
| | - Vera Heyl
- b Institute of Special Education, University of Education , Heidelberg , Germany
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Allen MS, Vella SA, Swann C, Laborde S. Personality and the subjective experience of body mass in Australian adults. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Kucharska A, Jaworski M, Panczyk M, Pilska M, Gajewska D, Niegowska J. The Effectiveness of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Intervention in Persons with Arterial Hypertension and Obesity: A Key Role of the Patients' Personality Profile. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018; 72:104-111. [PMID: 29353281 DOI: 10.1159/000486520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Benefits resulting from weight loss and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in the treatment of arterial hypertension led to a search for a better therapy that would include psychological factors. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the personality traits included in the Big Five personality traits and the effectiveness of treatment for weight loss in patients with essential hypertension and excessive body weight. METHODS The study involved 84 patients with essential hypertension, overweight or obesity, managed by a hypertensiologist. All patients underwent a 3-month diet treatment as part of the development process of an individualised eating plan that follows the principles of DASH diet and food education. Body mass index and DASH index were calculated before and after the therapy. NEO Five-Factor Inventory was applied to measure psychological variables. RESULTS The intervention led to a statistically significant increase of DASH index measured before and after treatment. There was a significant correlation between the increase of DASH index and gender. Patients presented higher intensity of openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness and lower levels of neuroticism and agreeableness compared to general population. CONCLUSION The influence of psychological variables on the observed difference between men and women in DASH values and weight loss was not demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kucharska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jaworski
- Department of Medical Psychology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Panczyk
- Department of Teaching and Outcomes of Education, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pilska
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Gajewska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Niegowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Wimmelmann CL, Lund R, Flensborg-Madsen T, Christensen U, Osler M, Lykke Mortensen E. Associations of Personality with Body Mass Index and Obesity in a Large Late Midlife Community Sample. Obes Facts 2018; 11:129-143. [PMID: 29631276 PMCID: PMC5981669 DOI: 10.1159/000487888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study examined cross-sectional associations of personality with BMI and obesity among men and women in a large late midlife community sample. METHODS The sample comprised 5,286 Danish individuals aged 49-63 years from the Copenhagen Ageing and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) with complete information on measured BMI, personality assessed by the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO FFI), and sociodemographic factors including sex, age and educational length. Analysis of variance and logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between personality and BMI as well as obesity. Personality traits were analyzed separately and combined in the same model. RESULTS All personality traits except for neuroticism were significantly associated with BMI, with extraversion (p value ranged from <0.001 to 0.012) and agreeableness (p value ranged from 0.001 to 0.002) being the most consistent predictors of BMI among men and women, respectively. Furthermore, extraversion among men (high scores) (p = 0.016) and agreeableness among women (low scores) (p = 0.026) were the only personality traits significantly associated with obesity when adjusting for duration of education. CONCLUSION Personality was significantly associated with BMI and to a lesser extent with obesity, and these associations differed between men and women. Also, it was suggested that the interrelations of the five personality traits should be considered in future research of personality and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Dr. Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann, Department of Public Health, Unit of Medical Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Building 5, 1. Floor, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark,
| | - Rikke Lund
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Flensborg-Madsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Universities of Aarhus, Southern Denmark and Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Personality and Body Weight: Mechanisms, Longitudinal Associations and Context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:1-11. [PMID: 29249895 DOI: 10.2132/personality.26.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Models of personality and health have grown in complexity as more is discovered about how traits are related to health-related behaviors, morbidity, and mortality. The present article applies a model of personality and health that incorporates longitudinal relations, behavioral and physiological mechanisms, and context to the relation between Five-Factor Model personality traits and body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI≥30). Conscientiousness is associated consistently with lower body weight; the relation between the other traits and BMI is more complex. Conscientiousness is also associated with risk of obesity over time, and specific aspects of Conscientiousness and Neuroticism are associated with greater weight gain and are also sensitive to changes in weight over time. Behavioral (e.g., physical activity) and physiological (e.g., inflammation) factors explain part of the association between personality and BMI. Finally, the broader social environment shapes the expression of personality in relation to body weight. This review highlights replicable associations between personality and BMI and potential mechanisms of this association. Future research needs to better address how specific aspects of the social and family environment moderate the relation between personality and BMI and take a lifespan perspective to better incorporate how traits contribute to weight starting in childhood.
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Michaud A, Vainik U, Garcia-Garcia I, Dagher A. Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:127. [PMID: 28659866 PMCID: PMC5469912 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity refers to a tendency to act rapidly without full consideration of consequences. The trait is thought to result from the interaction between high arousal responses to potential rewards and poor self-control. Studies have suggested that impulsivity confers vulnerability to both addiction and obesity. However, results in this area are unclear, perhaps due to the high phenotypic complexity of addictions and obesity. Focusing on impulsivity, the aim of this review is to tackle the putative overlaps between addiction and obesity in four domains: (1) personality research, (2) neurocognitive tasks, (3) brain imaging, and (4) clinical evidence. We suggest that three impulsivity-related domains are particularly relevant for our understanding of similarities between addiction and obesity: lower self-control (high Disinhibition/low Conscientiousness), reward sensitivity (high Extraversion/Positive Emotionality), and negative affect (high Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality). Neurocognitive studies have shown that obesity and addiction are both associated with increased impulsive decision-making and attention bias in response to drug or food cues, respectively. Mirroring this, obesity and different forms of addiction seem to exhibit similar alterations in functional MRI brain activity in response to reward processing and during self-control tasks. Overall, our review provides an integrative approach to understand those facets of obesity that present similarities to addictive behaviors. In addition, we suggest that therapeutic interventions targeting inhibitory control may represent a promising approach for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Michaud
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Uku Vainik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Isabel Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Chiao CY, Hsiao CY. Comparison of personality traits and successful aging in older Taiwanese. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17:2239-2246. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Chiao
- Department of Nursing; Asia University; Taichung Taiwan
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21
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Does a future-oriented temporal perspective relate to body mass index, eating, and exercise? A meta-analysis. Appetite 2017; 112:272-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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A study of the psychological predictors controlling the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Res Cardiovasc Med 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.40309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Personality and metabolic dysfunction in young adulthood: A cross-sectional study. J Health Psychol 2016; 24:495-501. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105316677294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This research used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 15,359; age range 25–34) to examine the cross-sectional relation between personality and four components of metabolic syndrome (elevated glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, and waist circumference) and a metabolic risk index in young adulthood. Consistent with research on older adults, higher Neuroticism and lower Conscientiousness were associated with greater risk of metabolic dysfunction; Agreeableness, however, was unrelated to it. The relation between personality and metabolic health may unfold across the lifespan, with the association between Neuroticism/Conscientiousness and metabolic dysfunction starting early and the association with Agreeableness emerging at older ages.
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Paans NPG, Bot M, Gibson-Smith D, Van der Does W, Spinhoven P, Brouwer I, Visser M, Penninx BWJH. The association between personality traits, cognitive reactivity and body mass index is dependent on depressive and/or anxiety status. J Psychosom Res 2016; 89:26-31. [PMID: 27663107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A range of biological, social and psychological factors, including depression and anxiety disorders, is thought to be associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Depression and anxiety disorders are associated with specific psychological vulnerabilities, like personality traits and cognitive reactivity, that may also be associated with BMI. The relationship between those psychological vulnerabilities and BMI is possibly different in people with and without depression and anxiety disorders. Therefore, we examined the relationship between personality traits, cognitive reactivity and severity of affective symptoms with BMI in people with and without depression and anxiety disorders. METHODS Data from 1249 patients with current major depressive and/or anxiety disorder and 631 healthy controls were sourced from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness), cognitive reactivity (hopelessness, aggression, rumination, anxiety sensitivity), depression and anxiety symptoms with BMI classes (normal: 18.5-24.9, overweight: 25-29.9, and obese: ≥30kg/m(2)) and continuous BMI. Due to significant statistical interaction, analyses were stratified for healthy individuals and depressed/anxious patients. RESULTS Personality traits were not consistently related to BMI. In patients, higher hopelessness and aggression reactivity and higher depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with higher BMI. In contrast, in healthy individuals lower scores on hopelessness, rumination, aggression reactivity and anxiety sensitivity were associated with higher BMI. CONCLUSION These results suggest that, particularly in people with psychopathology, cognitive reactivity may contribute to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine P G Paans
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Gibson-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Personality and Body-Mass-Index in School-Age Children: An Exploration of Mediating and Moderating Variables. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158353. [PMID: 27486752 PMCID: PMC4972344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored longitudinal associations between personality and body-mass-index (BMI) in school-age children, including the potential mediating role of screen time and physical activity, and the potential moderating roles of child demographics and neighbourhood socioeconomic position. Participants were the parents (and teachers) of 3857 ten-year-old children, who completed questionnaires at baseline with a two-year follow-up. After controlling for child demographics (e.g., sex, pubertal status), we found that personality was unimportant for concurrent BMI, but was important for subsequent BMI and change in BMI over two years. Low levels of introversion and persistence at baseline, and decreases in persistence over time, were associated with a higher BMI at follow-up and a greater increase in BMI over time. Moderator analyses showed that introversion was more strongly related to subsequent BMI for children listed as aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The relationship between personality and change in BMI was mediated by screen time, but not by physical activity. To conclude, findings demonstrate that personality is important for change in body mass in Australian children (particularly indigenous children), and that screen-based sedentary behaviour features an important role in this association.
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26
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Personality traits and body weight: Evidence using sibling comparisons. Soc Sci Med 2016; 163:54-62. [PMID: 27394194 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Past research has shown that personality traits relate to body weight, but this relationship may be confounded by unobserved family-level characteristics such as genetic endowments. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the association between personality traits, as measured by the Big Five taxonomy, and body weight among young adults is spurious owing to shared family background. METHODS Participants were drawn from the full (n = 14,366) and family (n = 2813) samples of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The study employed family-fixed effects to eliminate shared family background factors that might affect personality traits and body weight simultaneously. RESULTS Among the Big Five personality traits, only conscientiousness showed a robust association with body weight, including body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk. These results were robust to adjustments for family-fixed effects, which indicates that the association between conscientiousness and body weight is generally not confounded by unobserved family-level characteristics shared by siblings. A one-standard-deviation increase in conscientiousness was associated with a decrease in BMI by 0.89 (equivalent to a 2.5 kg decrease in weight for an individual with an average height of the sample) and a 12% reduction in the probability of being obese. This study also found some suggestive evidence of gender and racial/ethnic differences. The association between conscientiousness and obesity was larger and statistically significant only for women, and conscientiousness was most strongly associated with obesity among Hispanic people. CONCLUSION Conscientiousness is associated with decreased body weight net of unobserved background characteristics that are shared by siblings. The results suggest that interventions that develop personality traits may have "spillover effects"; in other words, they may also help reduce obesity.
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Tate AD, Trofholz A, Rudasill KM, Neumark-Sztainer D, Berge JM. Does child temperament modify the overweight risk associated with parent feeding behaviors and child eating behaviors?: An exploratory study. Appetite 2016; 101:178-83. [PMID: 26916725 PMCID: PMC4837692 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child temperament is a measure of an individual's behavioral tendencies. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether child temperament modified the overweight risk associated with parent feeding behaviors and child eating behaviors. METHODS A sample of predominantly African American, Midwest families (N = 120) recruited from four metropolitan primary care clinics participated in this cross-sectional, mixed methods study. Parents reported on feeding practices, child eating behaviors, and child temperament. RESULTS Difficult temperament was not statistically related to parent feeding practices or child eating behaviors (p > 0.05). Tests of interaction indicated that the risk of child overweight differed by difficult temperament and easy temperament for two child eating behaviors (emotional eating and food fussiness, p < 0.05). For example, the effect of food fussiness decreased the risk of overweight for difficult temperament children but increased overweight risk for easy temperament children. Further, the effect of emotional eating increased the risk of overweight for difficult temperament children but decreased overweight risk for easy temperament children. CONCLUSIONS Tailoring parent-level interventions to child temperament or promoting environments that trigger less reactive individual responses may be effective in lowering risk of child overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan D Tate
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Amanda Trofholz
- Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jerica M Berge
- Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Ditzfeld CP, Cavazos JT, Monroe KB. Curmudgeon personality: Seeing the positives and just not liking them. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vainik U, Mõttus R, Allik J, Esko T, Realo A. Are Trait–Outcome Associations Caused by Scales Or Particular Items? Example Analysis of Personality Facets and Bmi. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In personality research, trait–outcome associations are often studied by correlating scale sum scores with an outcome. For example, an association between the NEO Impulsiveness scale and body mass index (BMI) is often interpreted to pertain to underlying trait Impulsiveness. We propose that this expectation can be corroborated by testing for Spearman's theorem of indifference of indicator. Namely, an underlying trait–outcome association should not depend on the specific items (i.e. indicators) used to measure the trait. To test this theorem, we outline an indicator exclusion procedure and demonstrate its viability using a simulation design. We then apply this procedure to test personality–BMI associations for indifference of indicator in a large population–based sample of adult Estonians (N = 2581) using self–ratings and informant ratings obtained with the NEO Personality Inventory–3. Our results show that the N5: Impulsiveness–BMI association mostly depends on two eating–related items, suggesting that the trait associated with BMI may be narrower than the trait the N5: Impulsiveness scale is supposed to measure. Associations between BMI, E3: Assertiveness and C2: Order seem to pertain to the trait. In sum, testing for indifference of indicator provides a potentially useful method to clarify trait–outcome relationships. R scripts are provided that implement the indicator exclusion procedure. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Uku Vainik
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - René Mõttus
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jüri Allik
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Realo
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Wang L, Gao S, Wang P, Terracciano A. Personality Traits and Body Mass Index in Asian Populations. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2015; 58:137-142. [PMID: 26327738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Research on personality and adiposity has focused primarily on Western samples; less is known about the personality correlates of BMI in Asian populations. We examined the association between personality and Body Mass Index (BMI) among community-dwelling Japanese adults (N=380), Chinese adolescents (N=5,882), and a meta-analysis inclusive of a published Korean sample (total N=10,304). In the new samples and meta-analysis, Extraversion and Agreeableness were associated with higher BMI among men. In contrast to what is often found in Western samples, Conscientiousness was mostly unrelated to adiposity. These findings link pro-social tendencies to overweight among Asian men; Conscientiousness may be less relevant for BMI in Eastern societies with a low prevalence of obesity and strong social norms for eating but not thinness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ping Wang
- No.1 Senior High School of Tengzhou City
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify how demographic factors (sex, age, ethnicity) modify the association between personality traits and body mass index (BMI) and to test the extent that diet and physical activity account for the personality-BMI relations. DESIGN Cross-sectional study with a diverse sample (N = 5150, 50% female, 19% African American, 15% Hispanic). Participants completed a measure of the five major dimensions of personality and reported on their physical activity, diet and food intake behaviour, and height and weight. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BMI and obesity (BMI ≥ 30). RESULTS High Neuroticism was associated with higher BMI and risk for obesity, whereas Conscientiousness and, to a lesser extent, Extraversion and Openness were protective. These associations were generally stronger among women and older participants; there was less evidence for ethnicity as a moderator. Personality had similar relations with the behavioural factors, and physical activity, diet and regular meal rhythms accounted for approximately 50% of the association between Neuroticism and Conscientiousness and BMI. CONCLUSION This study supports the links between personality traits and BMI and suggests that physical activity, more than diet, is a key factor in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- a Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine , Florida State University College of Medicine , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- b Department of Geriatrics , Florida State University College of Medicine , Tallahassee , FL , USA
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Vainik U, Neseliler S, Konstabel K, Fellows LK, Dagher A. Eating traits questionnaires as a continuum of a single concept. Uncontrolled eating. Appetite 2015; 90:229-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hartmann C, Siegrist M. A longitudinal study of the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and body size perception. Body Image 2015; 14:67-71. [PMID: 25900399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the longitudinal development of body size perception in relation to different personality traits. A sample of Swiss adults (N=2905, 47% men), randomly selected from the telephone book, completed a questionnaire on two consecutive years (2012, 2013). Body size perception was assessed with the Contour Drawing Rating Scale and personality traits were assessed with a short version of the Big Five Inventory. Longitudinal analysis of change indicated that men and women scoring higher on conscientiousness perceived themselves as thinner one year later. In contrast, women scoring higher on neuroticism perceived their body size as larger one year later. No significant effect was observed for men scoring higher on neuroticism. These results were independent of weight changes, body mass index, age, and education. Our findings suggest that personality traits contribute to body size perception among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hartmann
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Groppe K, Elsner B. The influence of hot and cool executive function on the development of eating styles related to overweight in children. Appetite 2015; 87:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sutin AR, Rogers DL, Mercado A, Weimer A, Rodriguez CC, Gonzalez M, Robins RW, Schwartz SJ, Terracciano A. The association between personality traits and body mass index varies with nativity among individuals of Mexican origin. Appetite 2015; 90:74-9. [PMID: 25747285 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits have been associated consistently with health-related outcomes, but less is known about how aspects of the sociocultural environment modify these associations. This study uses a sample of participants of Mexican origin (N = 1013) to test whether exposure to the United States, indexed by nativity (Mexicans living in Mexico, foreign-born Mexican Americans, and U.S.-born Mexican Americans), moderates the association between personality traits and body mass index (BMI). Higher Conscientiousness was associated with lower BMI, regardless of nativity. In contrast, the association between Neuroticism and BMI was moderated by exposure to the U.S.: Neuroticism was associated with higher BMI among U.S.-born Mexican Americans (partial r = .15) but not among Mexican participants (partial r = .00), an effect strongest and most robust for the impulsivity facet of Neuroticism. This finding suggests that with more exposure to the United States, those who are more emotionally impulsive are at greater risk for obesity. More broadly, these findings suggest that social and psychological vulnerabilities interact to contribute to health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32308.
| | - Darrin L Rogers
- Psychology Department, W357 Thompson Hall, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, NY 14063
| | - Alfonso Mercado
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. University, Edinburg, TX 78539
| | - Amy Weimer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. University, Edinburg, TX 78539
| | | | - Monica Gonzalez
- Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 66450 San Nicolás de Los Garza, N.L., Mexico
| | - Richard W Robins
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14th Street, 10th Floor, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32308
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Stewart KE, Haller DL, Sargeant C, Levenson JL, Puri P, Sanyal AJ. Readiness for behaviour change in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: implications for multidisciplinary care models. Liver Int 2015; 35:936-43. [PMID: 24521540 PMCID: PMC4266620 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Weight management is a cornerstone of treatment for overweight/obese persons with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This exploratory study sought to: (i) evaluate readiness to change weight-related behaviours; (ii) assess psychosocial characteristics that may interfere with weight loss; and (iii) evaluate how baseline psychosocial features associate with 6-month change in weight in persons with NAFLD receiving standard medical care. The purpose of this investigation was to develop hypotheses regarding relationships between psychosocial factors and weight for use in future fully powered studies and clinical interventions METHODS Fifty-eight overweight/obese participants with NAFLD completed baseline measures of personality, psychiatric symptoms and readiness for behaviour change and were followed up for 6 months in standard care. RESULTS One-third of participants (31.0%) were not interested in making weight-related behaviour changes; 58.6% were considering making a change, and 10.4% of individuals were actively working on or preparing to change. Six-month change in weight was non-significant and was not associated with baseline readiness for change. Depression, low conscientiousness and high neuroticism were associated with higher weight at 6-month follow-up with small to large effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS Although participants received nutritional education and guidance, very few individuals presented in the active stage of change. Although readiness for change did not predict subsequent change in weight, personality factors and psychiatric symptoms were associated with weight outcomes. Integrated multidisciplinary approaches that address psychiatric needs and provide behavioural support for weight loss may help patients with NAFLD implement sustained lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Stewart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Sense of coherence is significantly associated with both metabolic syndrome and lifestyle in Japanese computer software office workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2015; 27:967-79. [PMID: 25556337 DOI: 10.2478/s13382-014-0322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sense of coherence (SOC) is an individual characteristic related to a positive life orientation, leading to effective coping. Little is known about the relationship between SOC and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study aimed at testing the hypothesis that workers with a strong SOC have fewer atherosclerotic risk factors, including MetS, and healthier lifestyle behaviors. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and sixty-seven computer software workers aged 20-64 years underwent a periodical health examination including assessment of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels and lifestyle behaviors (walking duration, smoking status, nutrition, alcohol consumption, and sleep duration). During this period, the participants also completed a 29-item questionnaire of SOC and the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire to assess job stressors such as job strain and workplace social support. RESULTS Our results showed that the participants with a stronger SOC were likely to walk for at least 1 h a day, to eat slowly or at a moderate speed, and to sleep for at least 6 h. Compared with the participants with the weakest SOC, those with the strongest SOC had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for being overweight (OR = 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11-0.81), and having higher FBS levels (OR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02-0.54), dyslipidemia (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09-0.84), and MetS (OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02-0.63), even after adjusting for age, gender and job stressors. CONCLUSIONS High SOC is associated with a healthy lifestyle and fewer atherosclerotic risk factors, including MetS.
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Gerlach G, Herpertz S, Loeber S. Personality traits and obesity: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2015; 16:32-63. [PMID: 25470329 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on a bio-social-ecological systems model of the development and maintenance of obesity, there has been in the last few years a growing research interest in the association of obesity and personality traits. The aim of the present review was a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the existing literature taking into account the methodological quality of studies to enhance our understanding of personality traits associated with body weight, the development of overweight and obesity as well as the effectiveness of weight loss interventions including bariatric surgery. Personality traits play an important role both as risk as well as protective factors in the development of overweight and obesity. While thus in particular 'neuroticism', 'impulsivity' and 'sensitivity to reward' appear as risk factors, 'conscientiousness' and 'self-control' have been shown to have a protective function in relation to weight gain. Conscientiousness is a measure of regulation of internal urges and self-discipline, and may thus provide a potential source of control over impulsive reward-oriented behaviour. The results of the present review suggest that, within the context of therapeutic weight reduction measures, it is meaningful to identify subgroups of patients for whom specific treatment options need to be developed, such as measures for strengthening self-control skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gerlach
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
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Wen TH, Tchong WL, Ching GS. A Study on the Relationship between College Students’ Personality and Their Eating Habits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7763/ijiet.2015.v5.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Five-Factor Model Personality Traits and the Objective and Subjective Experience of Body Weight. J Pers 2014; 84:102-12. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Roh SJ, Kim HN, Shim U, Kim BH, Kim SJ, Chung HW, Lee H, Sung YA, Kim HL. Association between blood lipid levels and personality traits in young Korean women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108406. [PMID: 25268499 PMCID: PMC4182467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal lipid levels are important etiological factors associated with the development of atherosclerosis and with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Lipid levels are also influenced by lifestyle and behavioral factors, which suggests that personality traits might be related to abnormal lipid profiles. Studies on personality traits and lipid levels are relatively scarce in Korea. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the association between lipid levels and personality traits in young Korean women. A total of 1,701 young Korean women [mean age = 24.9±4.6 years (range 17-39)] who volunteered for personality trait evaluation were recruited for this study. Lipid levels, including total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride, were measured in all subjects after an overnight fast, and a low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was calculated. The study population was divided into abnormal and normal lipid level groups according to the clinical criteria. Personality traits were measured using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory for the Five-Factor Model of personality. High neuroticism was associated with low HDL cholesterol levels. Low extraversion and openness were associated with high levels of triglyceride. At the facet level, the association between personality and lipid levels were generally consistent. Angry hostility, self-consciousness, vulnerability to stress, activity, and straightforwardness were associated with HDL cholesterol levels. Activity, positive emotion, aesthetics, actions, and deliberation were associated with triglyceride. When applying clinical criteria, conscientiousness was less likely to have abnormal total cholesterol levels. Our results showed that the women with the low HDL cholesterol levels are like to be more neurotic and the hyperglycemic women are prone to lower extraversion and openness in Korea. Understanding the associations between blood lipid levels and personality traits may have a beneficial effect for the managing of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Roh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Unjin Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Seonam Hospital, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Chung
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Sung
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Atherton OE, Robins RW, Rentfrow PJ, Lamb ME. Personality Correlates of Risky Health Outcomes: Findings from a Large Internet Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2014; 50:56-60. [PMID: 29123325 PMCID: PMC5675576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have documented the effects of personality on health outcomes. However, which traits are most relevant to health, and the precise magnitude of their effects, is inconsistent across studies. The present study used a large sample (N=460,172) to replicate and extend the relations between the Big Five and three health-related outcomes: self-reported health, body mass index, and substance use. Low Conscientiousness predicted all outcomes, indicating that individuals who are less responsible and less self-controlled tend to report poorer health, be more overweight, and engage in more substance use. In addition, individuals who were more emotionally unstable (high Neuroticism) reported poorer health, and individuals prone to seek out social experiences and rewards (high Extraversion) engaged in more frequent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E. Atherton
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616
| | - Richard W. Robins
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616
| | - Peter J. Rentfrow
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Free School Ln, Cambridge CB2 3RQ, UK
| | - Michael E. Lamb
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Free School Ln, Cambridge CB2 3RQ, UK
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Groppe K, Elsner B. Executive function and food approach behavior in middle childhood. Front Psychol 2014; 5:447. [PMID: 24904466 PMCID: PMC4032895 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive function (EF) has long been considered to be a unitary, domain-general cognitive ability. However, recent research suggests differentiating “hot” affective and “cool” cognitive aspects of EF. Yet, findings regarding this two-factor construct are still inconsistent. In particular, the development of this factor structure remains unclear and data on school-aged children is lacking. Furthermore, studies linking EF and overweight or obesity suggest that EF contributes to the regulation of eating behavior. So far, however, the links between EF and eating behavior have rarely been investigated in children and non-clinical populations. First, we examined whether EF can be divided into hot and cool factors or whether they actually correspond to a unitary construct in middle childhood. Second, we examined how hot and cool EF are associated with different eating styles that put children at risk of becoming overweight during development. Hot and cool EF were assessed experimentally in a non-clinical population of 1657 elementary-school children (aged 6–11 years). The “food approach” behavior was rated mainly via parent questionnaires. Findings indicate that hot EF is distinguishable from cool EF. However, only cool EF seems to represent a coherent functional entity, whereas hot EF does not seem to be a homogenous construct. This was true for a younger and an older subgroup of children. Furthermore, different EF components were correlated with eating styles, such as responsiveness to food, desire to drink, and restrained eating in girls but not in boys. This shows that lower levels of EF are not only seen in clinical populations of obese patients but are already associated with food approach styles in a normal population of elementary school-aged girls. Although the direction of effect still has to be clarified, results point to the possibility that EF constitutes a risk factor for eating styles contributing to the development of overweight in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Groppe
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany
| | - Birgit Elsner
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany
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Shim U, Kim HN, Roh SJ, Cho NH, Shin C, Ryu S, Sung YA, Kim HL. Personality traits and body mass index in a Korean population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90516. [PMID: 24598991 PMCID: PMC3944006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity is a serious problem worldwide related to cardiovascular and other diseases. Personality traits are associated with the abnormal body mass indices (BMIs) indicative of overweight and obesity. However, the links between personality traits and BMI have been little studied in Korea. Methods We evaluated the association between personality traits and BMI in men and women using the rural Ansung and urban Ansan cohort from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study, and the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Cohort Study datasets. A shorter version of the original Revised Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) was used to measure the five-factor model of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). Results Data from a total of 1,495 men (mean age 60.0±9.8 years; mean BMI 24.3±3.0 kg/m2) and 2,547 women (mean age 47.0±15.5 years; mean BMI 22.8±3.4 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. Compared with the normal weight groups, overweight and obese men scored higher on openness to experience and lower on conscientiousness. Overweight and obese women scored lower on neuroticism and openness to experience and higher on agreeableness. Extraversion was positively associated with BMI in men (β = 0.032, P<0.05). BMI and waist circumference were significantly increased in individuals who were less dutiful. In women, neuroticism was inversely associated with BMI (β = −0.026, P<0.05). Openness to experience was negatively, and agreeableness was positively, associated with BMI (openness to experience: β = −0.072, agreeableness β = 0.068) and waist circumference (openness to experience: β = −0.202, agreeableness: β = 0.227) (P<0.05). Conclusion Personality traits were associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity in men and women. Increased understanding of the underlying factors contributing to this association will aid in the prevention and treatment of abnormal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unjin Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Seonam Hospital, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HNK); (HLK)
| | - Seung-Ju Roh
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam H. Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HNK); (HLK)
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Ellickson-Larew S, Naragon-Gainey K, Watson D. Pathological eating behaviors, BMI, and facet-level traits: the roles of conscientiousness, neuroticism, and impulsivity. Eat Behav 2013; 14:428-31. [PMID: 24183129 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the bivariate and multivariate associations of personality with Body Mass Index (BMI) and several eating behavior inventories, focusing on facets of Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Impulsivity. Simultaneous multiple regressions showed that the facets Traditionalism, Urgency, and low Vulnerability were significant predictors of BMI. A factor analysis of the eating behavior scales revealed two dimensions: (a) Food and Body Preoccupation and (b) Cued Eating; Neuroticism, low Conscientiousness, and Perfectionism were significant predictors of both eating behavior factors. In addition, the Depression facet predicted Food and Body Preoccupation, and low Temperance predicted Cued Eating. Implications are discussed for the structure of eating pathology and the specificity of facet traits to eating behaviors and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ellickson-Larew
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 118 Haggar Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Brummett BH, Babyak MA, Singh A, Jiang R, Williams RB, Harris KM, Siegler IC. Socioeconomic indices as independent correlates of C-reactive protein in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Psychosom Med 2013; 75:882-93. [PMID: 24163384 PMCID: PMC3950330 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to understand how SES may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and thus identify targets for prevention measures. METHODS Path models were used to examine direct and indirect associations of four indices of SES (objective early life built environment ratings, parental and participant education, and income) with CRP measured during early adulthood using data from the National Longitudinal Adolescent Health Study (n = 11,371; mean age = 29 years, range = 24-32 years; 53.8% women, 28.0% black participants). The present study examined potential mediation of the association of SES with CRP by way of body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption within white and black men and women. RESULTS BMI was a mediator of the relation between parent education and CRP for white men (path coefficient [γ] = -0.05, p < .001) and women (γ = -0.05, p < .001). Smoking mediated the income-CRP (γ = -0.01, p < .01) and the education-CRP (γ = -0.07, p < .001) relation for white men. BMI mediated the relation between all measures of SES and CRP for white women (γ values between -0.02 and -0.05; p values < .01). None of the risk factors mediated the SES-CRP relation in black participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the association of SES with CRP is influenced by both the timing and type of SES measure examined. In addition, race and sex play a role in how potential mediators are involved with the SES-CRP relationship, such that BMI and smoking were mediators in white men, whereas BMI was the sole mediator in white women.
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Wimmelmann CL, Dela F, Mortensen EL. Psychological predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery: a review of the recent research. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 8:e299-313. [PMID: 25091351 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbid obesity is the fastest growing BMI group in the U.S. and the prevalence of morbid obesity worldwide has never been higher. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe forms of obesity especially with regard to a sustained long-term weight loss. Psychological factors are thought to play an important role for maintaining the surgical weight loss. However, results from prior research examining preoperative psychological predictors of weight loss outcome are inconsistent. The aim of this article was to review more recent literature on psychological predictors of surgical weight loss. METHODS We searched PubMed, PsycInfo and Web of Science, for original prospective studies with a sample size >30 and at least one year follow-up, using a combination of search terms such as 'bariatric surgery', 'morbid obesity', 'psychological predictors', and 'weight loss'. Only studies published after 2003 were included. RESULTS 19 eligible studies were identified. Psychological predictors of surgical weight loss investigated in the reviewed studies include cognitive function, personality, psychiatric disorder, and eating behaviour. CONCLUSION In general, recent research remains inconsistent, but the findings suggest that pre-surgical cognitive function, personality, mental health, composite psychological variables and binge eating may predict post-surgical weight loss to the extent that these factors influence post-operative eating behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine L Wimmelmann
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Dela
- Systems Biology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sutin AR, Costa PT, Chan W, Milaneschi Y, Eaton WW, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L, Terracciano A. I know not to, but i can't help it: weight gain and changes in impulsivity-related personality traits. Psychol Sci 2013; 24:1323-8. [PMID: 23630223 PMCID: PMC3713084 DOI: 10.1177/0956797612469212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal relations between weight and psychological factors suggest that there are deep connections between mind and body. Personality traits are linked to weight gain; weight gain may likewise be associated with personality change. Using data from two diverse longitudinal samples (N = 1,919) collected at two time points an average of 10 years apart, we showed that significant weight gain is associated with increases in both impulsiveness and deliberation: In both samples, middle-aged adults who gained 10% or more of their baseline body weight by follow-up increased in their tendency to give in to temptation, yet were more thoughtful about the consequences of their actions. The present research moves beyond life events to implicate health status in adult personality development. The findings also suggest that interventions focusing on the emotional component of impulse control may be more effective because even people who become more thoughtful about the consequences of their actions may have limited success at inhibiting their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306 , USA..
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Siegler IC, Brummett BH, Martin P, Helms MJ. Consistency and timing of marital transitions and survival during midlife: the role of personality and health risk behaviors. Ann Behav Med 2013; 45:338-47. [PMID: 23299546 PMCID: PMC3644000 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marital status is associated with survival. PURPOSE The aims of this study are to evaluate marital history and timing on mortality during midlife, test the role of pre-marital personality, and quantify the role of health risk behaviors. METHODS Cox proportional hazard models were run with varying classifications of marital history and sets of covariates. RESULTS In fully adjusted models compared to the currently married, lifetime marital history predicts premature mortality with never married at 2.33 times risk of death and ever married at 1.64 risk of death. Midlife marital history shows that not having a partner during midlife (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.10 formerly married; HR = 2.59 remaining single) has the highest risk of death. Controlling for personality and health risk behaviors reduces but does not eliminate the impact of marital status. CONCLUSION Consistency of marital status during midlife suggests that lack of a partner is associated with midlife mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilene C Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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