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Zhao G, Zhang X, Meng L, Dong K, Shang S, Jiang T, Liu Z, Gao H. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals a unique landscape of the tumor microenvironment in obesity-associated breast cancer. Oncogene 2024:10.1038/s41388-024-03161-7. [PMID: 39300255 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
As two diseases with rapidly increasing incidence, the molecular linkages between obesity and breast cancer (BC) are intriguing. Overall, obesity may be a negative prognostic factor for BC. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on tumor tissues from 6 obese and non-obese BC patients. With 48,033 cells analyzed, we found heterogeneous tumor epithelium and microenvironment in these obese and lean BC patients. Interestingly, the obesity-associated epithelial cells exhibited specific expression signatures which linked tumor growth and hormone metabolism in BC. Notably, one population of obesity-specific macrophage up-regulated the nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 (NR1H3), which acted a transcription factor and regulated FABP4 expression through its interaction with the DNA of SREBP1, and further increased the proliferation of tumor cells in BC. Using single-cell signatures, our study illustrate cell diversity and transcriptomic differences in tumors from obese and non-obese BC patients, and sheds light on potential molecular link between lipid metabolism and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Qingdao; Women and Children's Hospital, QINGDAO UNIVERSITY, Qingdao, 266111, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Medical Laboratory Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Liying Meng
- Medical Laboratory Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Shipeng Shang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Tengfei Jiang
- Medical Laboratory Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Haidong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China.
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China.
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2
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Katulski K, Katulski A, Nykowska A, Beutler K, Kozielek K, Antczak S, Katulska K. Physiological changes in the mammary glands during a female's life. Pol J Radiol 2024; 89:e386-e390. [PMID: 39257924 PMCID: PMC11384216 DOI: 10.5114/pjr/189566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate development and physiological dynamics of the mammary glands, orchestrated by a delicate interplay of hormones, are crucial for reproductive function and lactation. Beginning with intrauterine clusters evolving into mature glands, hormonal fluctuations throughout puberty and the menstrual cycle finely tune mammary tissue growth. Oestrogens stimulate the proliferation of epithelial cells, while progesterone orchestrates the formation of lactiferous glands. During pregnancy, oestrogen and progesterone induces hyperplasia of lobules and ducts, preparing the breast for lactation. Prolactin is vital for lactation and stimulates milk production during pregnancy and postpartum. As shown by ultrasonography, physiological changes during lactation reflect glandular tissue transformation for milk secretion. Clinical and physiological changes, including increased blood flow, contribute to mammary growth and firmness, complicating clinical examination. Ultrasonographic findings reveal variability in women's glandular and fat tissue distribution, suggesting that milk production is not solely determined by anatomical factors. Though not directly linked to milk production, blood flow dynamics hint at a threshold for optimal lactation. Understanding these complex hormonal and physiological mechanisms is crucial for comprehending mammary development, function, and clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Katulski
- Department of Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylwia Antczak
- Department of General Radiology and Neuroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Katulska
- Department of General Radiology and Neuroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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3
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Barathan M, Vellasamy KM, Mariappan V, Venkatraman G, Vadivelu J. Naturally Occurring Phytochemicals to Target Breast Cancer Cell Signaling. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4644-4660. [PMID: 37773580 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Almost 70% of clinically used antineoplastic drugs are originated from natural products such as plants, marine organism, and microorganisms and some of them are also structurally modified natural products. The naturally occurring drugs may specifically act as inducers of selective cytotoxicity, anti-metastatic, anti-mutagenic, anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant accelerators, apoptosis inducers, autophagy inducers, and cell cycle inhibitors in cancer therapy. Precisely, several reports have demonstrated the involvement of naturally occurring anti-breast cancer drugs in regulating the expression of oncogenic and tumor suppressors associated with carcinogen metabolism and signaling pathways. Anticancer therapies based on nanotechnology have the potential to improve patient outcomes through targeted therapy, improved drug delivery, and combination therapies. This paper has reviewed the current treatment for breast cancer and the potential disadvantages of those therapies, besides the various mechanism used by naturally occurring phytochemicals to induce apoptosis in different types of breast cancer. Along with this, the contribution of nanotechnology in improving the effectiveness of anticancer drugs was also reviewed. With the development of sciences and technologies, phytochemicals derived from natural products are continuously discovered; however, the search for novel natural products as chemoprevention drugs is still ongoing, especially for the advanced stage of breast cancer. Continued research and development in this field hold great promise for advancing cancer care and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttiah Barathan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Center of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gopinath Venkatraman
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- MERDU, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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4
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Macis D, Bellerba F, Aristarco V, Johansson H, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Lazzeroni M, Sestak I, Cuzick J, DeCensi A, Bonanni B, Gandini S. A Mediation Analysis of Obesity and Adiponectin Association with Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: A Nested Cohort Study in the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study II (IBIS-II) Prevention Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:2098. [PMID: 38999846 PMCID: PMC11242930 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (BC), and evidence suggests a role for adiponectin in the relationship between obesity and BC. We investigated whether adiponectin or other biomarkers mediate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on postmenopausal BC risk in a cohort study nested in the IBIS-II Prevention Trial. We measured adiponectin, leptin, IGF-I, IGFBP-1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR index, and SHBG in baseline and 12-month serum samples from 123 cases and 302 matched controls in the placebo arm of the IBIS-II Prevention trial. We conducted the main mediation analysis considering baseline BMI as an exposure and the 12-month adiponectin increase as a mediator after adjustment for the Tyrer-Cuzick score and the lipid-lowering medications/supplements use. In the multivariable Cox model, both the 12-month adiponectin increase (HR, 0.60; 95%CI, 0.36-1.00) and BMI were associated with BC risk (HR, 1.05; 95%CI, 1.00-1.09), with a 40% reduction in women with a 12-month increase in adiponectin. A significantly higher cumulative hazard of BC events was observed in obese women (BMI > 30) with decreased adiponectin (p = 0.0087). No mediating effect of the adiponectin increase on the total effect of BMI on BC risk was observed (natural indirect effect: HR, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.98-1.02). Raising adiponectin levels might be an attractive target for postmenopausal BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Matteo Lazzeroni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Ivana Sestak
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (I.S.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (I.S.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (I.S.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ente Ospedaliero Galliera, 16128 Genoa, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Sara Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.G.)
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5
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El-Tanani M, Rabbani SA, Aljabali AA, Matalka II, El-Tanani Y, Rizzo M, Tambuwala MM. The Complex Connection between Obesity and Cancer: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Implications. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:683-706. [PMID: 38847479 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2361964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as an important global health challenge, significantly influencing the incidence and progression of various cancers. This comprehensive review elucidates the complex relationship between obesity and oncogenesis, focusing particularly on the role of dysregulated signaling pathways as central mediators of this association. We delve into the contributions of obesity-induced alterations in key signaling cascades, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin to carcinogenesis. These alterations facilitate unchecked cellular proliferation, chronic inflammation and apoptosis resistance. Epidemiological evidence links obesity with increased cancer susceptibility and adverse prognostic outcomes, with pronounced risks for specific cancers such as breast, colorectal, endometrial and hepatic malignancies. This review synthesizes data from both animal and clinical studies to underscore the pivotal role of disrupted signaling pathways in shaping innovative therapeutic strategies. We highlight the critical importance of lifestyle modifications in obesity management and cancer risk mitigation, stressing the benefits of dietary changes, physical activity, and behavioral interventions. Moreover, we examine targeted pharmacological strategies addressing aberrant pathways in obesity-related tumors and discuss the integration of cutting-edge treatments, including immunotherapy and precision medicine, into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Arman Rabbani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ismail I Matalka
- Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yahia El-Tanani
- Medical School, St George's University of London, Tooting, London
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln, UK
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6
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Marlin S, Goepp M, Desiderio A, Rougé S, Aldekwer S, Le Guennec D, Goncalves-Mendes N, Talvas J, Farges MC, Rossary A. Long-Term High-Fat Diet Limits the Protective Effect of Spontaneous Physical Activity on Mammary Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6221. [PMID: 38892407 PMCID: PMC11172547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is influenced by factors such as diet, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and postmenopausal status, which are all linked to prolonged hormonal and inflammatory exposure. Physical activity offers protection against breast cancer by modulating hormones, immune responses, and oxidative defenses. This study aimed to assess how a prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) affects the effectiveness of physical activity in preventing and managing mammary tumorigenesis. Ovariectomised C57BL/6 mice were provided with an enriched environment to induce spontaneous physical activity while being fed HFD. After 44 days (short-term, ST HFD) or 88 days (long-term, LT HFD), syngenic EO771 cells were implanted into mammary glands, and tumour growth was monitored until sacrifice. Despite similar physical activity and food intake, the LT HFD group exhibited higher visceral adipose tissue mass and reduced skeletal muscle mass. In the tumour microenvironment, the LT HFD group showed decreased NK cells and TCD8+ cells, with a trend toward increased T regulatory cells, leading to a collapse of the T8/Treg ratio. Additionally, the LT HFD group displayed decreased tumour triglyceride content and altered enzyme activities indicative of oxidative stress. Prolonged exposure to HFD was associated with tumour growth despite elevated physical activity, promoting a tolerogenic tumour microenvironment. Future studies should explore inter-organ exchanges between tumour and tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Female
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Oxidative Stress
- Carcinogenesis
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/prevention & control
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Marlin
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Marie Goepp
- Resolution Therapeutics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Adrien Desiderio
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Stéphanie Rougé
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Sahar Aldekwer
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Delphine Le Guennec
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Nicolas Goncalves-Mendes
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Jérémie Talvas
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Adrien Rossary
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
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7
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Thi YVN, Vu TD, Huong NTL, Chu DT. Epigenetic contribution to the relationship between obesity and cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 387:195-213. [PMID: 39179347 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and cancer are two major health issues all around the world due to their elevated prevalence. Several experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the relationship between obesity and cancer, in which obesity is considered a risk factor for cancer development. The ultimate goal of knowing the epigenetic contribution to the relationship between obesity and cancer is to find the method of intervention or treatment of obesity and cancer. Therefore, providing the most general perspective on epigenetic contribution to the relationship between obesity and cancer is necessary. Obesity is closely related to some common cancers that are currently encountered, including breast, esophagus, liver, kidney, uterus, colorectal, pancreatic, and gallbladder. Obesity has a significant impact that increases the risk of cancer deaths and thereby indirectly affects the choice of treatment. It is estimated that about 4-8% of cancer cases are caused by obesity. In particular, the basic mechanism to understand the relationship between cancer is very complicated and has not been fully understood. This work is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge of the role of epigenetic regulation in the relationship between obesity, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Vy Nguyen Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Duong Vu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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8
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Bel’skaya LV, Dyachenko EI. Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer: A Biochemical Map of Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4646-4687. [PMID: 38785550 PMCID: PMC11120394 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review systematizes information about the metabolic features of breast cancer directly related to oxidative stress. It has been shown those redox changes occur at all levels and affect many regulatory systems in the human body. The features of the biochemical processes occurring in breast cancer are described, ranging from nonspecific, at first glance, and strictly biochemical to hormone-induced reactions, genetic and epigenetic regulation, which allows for a broader and deeper understanding of the principles of oncogenesis, as well as maintaining the viability of cancer cells in the mammary gland. Specific pathways of the activation of oxidative stress have been studied as a response to the overproduction of stress hormones and estrogens, and specific ways to reduce its negative impact have been described. The diversity of participants that trigger redox reactions from different sides is considered more fully: glycolytic activity in breast cancer, and the nature of consumption of amino acids and metals. The role of metals in oxidative stress is discussed in detail. They can act as both co-factors and direct participants in oxidative stress, since they are either a trigger mechanism for lipid peroxidation or capable of activating signaling pathways that affect tumorigenesis. Special attention has been paid to the genetic and epigenetic regulation of breast tumors. A complex cascade of mechanisms of epigenetic regulation is explained, which made it possible to reconsider the existing opinion about the triggers and pathways for launching the oncological process, the survival of cancer cells and their ability to localize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
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9
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Johansson H, Bellerba F, Macis D, Bertelsen BE, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Aristarco V, Viste K, Mellgren G, Di Cola G, Costantino J, Scalbert A, Sears DD, Gandini S, DeCensi A, Bonanni B. Effect of metformin and lifestyle intervention on adipokines and hormones in breast cancer survivors: a pooled analysis from two randomized controlled trials. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 205:49-59. [PMID: 38279016 PMCID: PMC11063007 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of metformin and lifestyle intervention on metabolic, inflammatory, and steroid biomarkers of breast cancer (BC) recurrence risk in two intervention trials among BC survivors with overweight or obesity. METHODS Baseline and follow-up serum samples collected during the two trials were analyzed and data pooled. The USA trial (Reach for Health) included postmenopausal BC survivors (n = 333) randomly assigned to 6-month metformin vs placebo and lifestyle intervention (LSI) vs control (2 × 2 factorial design). The Italian trial (MetBreCS) included BC survivors (n = 40) randomized to 12-month metformin vs placebo. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adipokines, cytokines, and steroids were measured. RESULTS Metformin compared to placebo showed a favorable decrease in leptin (- 8.8 vs - 3.5 ng/mL; p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (- 0.48 vs - 0.25; p = 0.03), and an increase in SHBG (2.80 vs 1.45 nmol/L; p < 0.01). Excluding women taking aromatase inhibitors, metformin (n = 84) compared to placebo (n = 99) decreased estradiol (- 4 vs 0 pmol/L; p < 0.01), estrone (- 8 vs 2 pmol/L; p < 0.01) and testosterone (- 0.1 vs 0 nmol/L-; p = 0.02). LSI favorably affected adiponectin (0.45 vs - 0.06 ug/mL; p < 0.01), leptin (- 10.5 vs - 4.4 ng/mL; p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (- 0.6 vs 0.2; p = 0.03), and SHBG (2.7 vs 1.1 nMol/L; p = 0.04) compared to controls. The strongest impact was observed combining metformin with LSI on adipokines, CRP, SHBG, and estrogens. CONCLUSIONS Supportive healthy lifestyle programs combined with metformin to achieve maximal risk reduction among BC cancer survivors are recommended, especially for those with obesity in menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debora Macis
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bjørn-Erik Bertelsen
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Kristin Viste
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara Gandini
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Department of Medicine and Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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10
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Ponomarenko I, Pasenov K, Churnosova M, Sorokina I, Aristova I, Churnosov V, Ponomarenko M, Reshetnikova Y, Reshetnikov E, Churnosov M. Obesity-Dependent Association of the rs10454142 PPP1R21 with Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:818. [PMID: 38672173 PMCID: PMC11048332 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to find a link between the breast cancer (BC)-risk effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-associated polymorphisms and obesity. The study was conducted on a sample of 1498 women (358 BC; 1140 controls) who, depending on the presence/absence of obesity, were divided into two groups: obese (119 BC; 253 controls) and non-obese (239 BC; 887 controls). Genotyping of nine SHBG-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-rs17496332 PRMT6, rs780093 GCKR, rs10454142 PPP1R21, rs3779195 BAIAP2L1, rs440837 ZBTB10, rs7910927 JMJD1C, rs4149056 SLCO1B1, rs8023580 NR2F2, and rs12150660 SHBG-was executed, and the BC-risk impact of these loci was analyzed by logistic regression separately in each group of obese/non-obese women. We found that the BC-risk effect correlated by GWAS with the SHBG-level polymorphism rs10454142 PPP1R21 depends on the presence/absence of obesity. The SHBG-lowering allele C rs10454142 PPP1R21 has a risk value for BC in obese women (allelic model: CvsT, OR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.10-2.11, and pperm = 0.013; additive model: CCvsTCvsTT, OR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.15-2.62, and pperm = 0.011; dominant model: CC + TCvsTT, OR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.13-3.37, and pperm = 0.017) and is not associated with the disease in women without obesity. SNP rs10454142 PPP1R21 and 10 proxy SNPs have adipose-specific regulatory effects (epigenetic modifications of promoters/enhancers, DNA interaction with 51 transcription factors, eQTL/sQTL effects on five genes (PPP1R21, RP11-460M2.1, GTF2A1L, STON1-GTF2A1L, and STON1), etc.), can be "likely cancer driver" SNPs, and are involved in cancer-significant pathways. In conclusion, our study detected an obesity-dependent association of the rs10454142 PPP1R21 with BC in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.P.); (K.P.); (M.C.); (I.S.); (I.A.); (V.C.); (M.P.); (Y.R.); (E.R.)
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11
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Chen Y, Arbuiso S, Qin N, Vernice NA, Black GG, Brown KA, Otterburn D. Proliferation Patterns of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells in Lipoaspirate Conditioned Media. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:S207-S209. [PMID: 38556675 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is a common technique used to enhance aesthetic outcomes in postmastectomy breast reconstruction patients. Adipokines are hormones secreted by adipose tissue that play a critical role in regulating metabolic processes and the immune system. However, dysregulated adipokine secretion and signaling can contribute to the development and progression of cancer by promoting angiogenesis, altering the immune response, and inducing the epithelial mesenchymal transition. We aimed to assess how breast cancer cells behave in conditioned media derived from fat grafting lipoaspirates and gain a better understanding of the potential interactions that may occur within the tumor microenvironment. METHODS Patients who were undergoing AFG as a part of breast reconstruction at NY-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center between March 2021 and July 2023 were consented and enrolled in the study. This study was approved by the Weill Cornell Medicine Institutional Review Board (#20-10022850-14). Conditioned media is created using 20% of patient lipoaspirate secretome and 80% starving media. The growth of MCF-7, a human ER/PR+ breast cancer cell line, in conditioned media is assessed using CyQUANT. RESULTS The breast cancer cells incubated in conditioned media displayed similar growth trends as those in complete media, which is enriched for cell growth (P > 0.05). MCF-7 cell behavior in conditioned media differed significantly from their proliferation patterns when serum starved in 100% starving media (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that there may be inherent factors within the lipoaspirate that may promote MCF-7 proliferation. One potential implication is that AFG used for breast reconstruction should be delayed until local-regional disease control has been established. In addition, based on the in vitro proliferation patterns of breast cancer cells in conditioned media, the safety profile of AFG may be enhanced if the procedure is performed after attaining negative margins and the completion breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchan Chen
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Sophia Arbuiso
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Nancy Qin
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | | | - Grant G Black
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
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12
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Shultz SJ, Morrissey MC, Vauhnik R. Anterior knee laxity is greater in athletic females who attain menarche at a younger age. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:889-895. [PMID: 38454787 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Females with above-average anterior knee laxity values are at increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of menarche age (MA) and menarche offset on anterior knee laxity in young, physically active women. METHODS Anterior knee laxity (KT-2000) and menstrual characteristics (per self-report) were recorded in 686 Slovenian sportswomen from team handball, volleyball and basketball club sports (average years sport participation: 7.3 ± 3.6 years). Females were stratified into four groups based on their self-reported age at menarche: 9-11, 12, 13 and 14+ years. Anterior knee laxity was compared across MA groups using a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction, with and without controlling for factors that could potentially differ between groups and influence anterior knee laxity. Females were then stratified into four groups based on the number of years they were away from their age at onset of menarche. Groups were compared using a univariate ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, with and without controlling for factors that differed between groups and could influence anterior knee laxity. RESULTS Anterior knee laxity was greater in females who attained menarche at 12 years of age (6.4 ± 1.5 mm) or younger (6.6 ± 1.6 mm) compared to 14 years of age or older (5.8 ± 1.2 mm) (p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.032). Anterior knee laxity was 0.7-1.4 mm greater in females who were 5 or more years away from menarche compared to those who were within 2 years of menarche (5.8 ± 1.3 mm; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Anterior knee laxity is greater in females who attained menarche at a younger age and in females who are 5 or more years postmenarche. Age of menarche represents a critical pubertal event that is easy for women to recall and may provide important insights into factors that moderate anterior knee laxity, a risk factor for ACL injury in women. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Shultz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew C Morrissey
- Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Renata Vauhnik
- Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Arthron, Institute for Joint and Sports Injuries, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Harborg S, Kjærgaard KA, Thomsen RW, Borgquist S, Cronin-Fenton D, Hjorth CF. New Horizons: Epidemiology of Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cancer Prognosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:924-935. [PMID: 37552777 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus has increased in parallel with increasing cancer incidence, due to environmental and lifestyle factors and population aging. Metabolic diseases are associated with increased cancer risk, so a growing number of patients with cancer have coexistent obesity and/or diabetes mellitus. In this narrative review, we highlight recent evidence on the clinical impact of obesity and diabetes mellitus on the prognosis of prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer, and provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms. There is evidence that obesity is associated with increased risk of recurrence, and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among adults with prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased all-cause and cancer-specific mortality for these 3 cancers, beyond any impact of obesity. Evidence also suggests increased risk of colorectal cancer recurrence in patients with diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms are multifactorial and likely include hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation that promote cancer cell growth. Obesity and diabetes mellitus are associated with increased risk of complications and side effects of cancer treatment. Associated comorbidities such as impaired kidney function, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathies may preclude the use of guideline cancer treatment and are competing causes of death. Cancer patients with metabolic diseases require a designated clinical program and a multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, endocrinologists, surgeons, nutritionists, and physiotherapists, to ensure coordinated and optimized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixten Harborg
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kasper A Kjærgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Reimar Wernich Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Deirdre Cronin-Fenton
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Cathrine F Hjorth
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Giorgi M, Labanca L, Centini G, Lazzeri L, Martire FG, Sorrentino E, Mancini V, Raimondo D, Raffone A, Neola D, Aru AC, Habib N, Casadio P, Seracchioli R, Zupi E. Extrauterine adenomyoma: A case report and systematic review of the literature. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 164:869-901. [PMID: 37688388 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a case of extrauterine adenomyoma (EA) and review all the cases of EA in the literature. METHODS Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar from 1807 to December 2022. All studies reporting the histologic diagnosis of an EA. We collected the following data: patient's age, size and location of adenomyoma, presence of endometriosis and adenomyosis, past gynecologic treatment, symptoms, diagnostic imaging, surgical intervention, alternative/adjuvant treatment, associated malignancy, and follow up. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies with 85 patients were included. Pain was the most frequent symptom (69.5%). Among diagnostic examinations, ultrasonography was used in 60 out of 81 reported cases, with several radiologic features described. EA was located inside the pelvis in 77.6% of patients. Adnexa were the most frequent site of the disease (24, 28.2%). History of endometriosis or adenomyosis was described in 35 patients (35, 41.2%). Uterine tissue morcellation was reported in 6 of the 85 patients (7.1%). Associated malignancy was detected in 9 out of 85 patients with available data (10.6%). There were two recurrences of disease. CONCLUSION Specific imaging features of EA are yet to be described in the literature. History of endometriosis and adenomyosis or uterine tissue morcellation may be suggestive of EA. Histologic examination can give a definitive diagnosis and exclude malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giorgi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Labanca
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecological Unit, Valdarno Hospital, Montevarchi, Italy
| | - Gabriele Centini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Lazzeri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe Martire
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ester Sorrentino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Mancini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Diego Raimondo
- Division of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Division of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Neola
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Aru
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nassir Habib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beaujon Hospital-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Casadio
- Division of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Seracchioli
- Division of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Errico Zupi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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15
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Henríquez S, Valdivia MJ, Mainigi M, Villarroel C, Velasquez L, Strauss Iii JF, Devoto L. The role of estrogen metabolites in human ovarian function. Steroids 2024; 203:109368. [PMID: 38278282 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Estrogens produced by the ovary play diverse roles in controlling physiological changes in the function of the female reproductive system. Although estradiol acts through classical nuclear receptors, its metabolites (EMs) act by alternative pathways. It has been postulated that EMs act through paracrine-autocrine pathways to regulate key processes involved in normal follicular growth, corpus luteum (CL) development, function, and regression. The present review describes recent advances in understanding the role of EMs in human ovarian physiology during the menstrual cycle, including their role in anovulatory disorders and their action in other target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Henríquez
- Institute for Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Biomedical Sciences (I3CBSEK), Faculty of Health Sciences, SEK University, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maria Jose Valdivia
- Institute for Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Monica Mainigi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudio Villarroel
- Institute for Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Velasquez
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Biomedical Sciences (I3CBSEK), Faculty of Health Sciences, SEK University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jerome F Strauss Iii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luigi Devoto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Ponomarenko I, Pasenov K, Churnosova M, Sorokina I, Aristova I, Churnosov V, Ponomarenko M, Reshetnikov E, Churnosov M. Sex-Hormone-Binding Globulin Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Caucasian Women of Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2182. [PMID: 38396861 PMCID: PMC10888713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In our work, the associations of GWAS (genome-wide associative studies) impact for sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-level SNPs with the risk of breast cancer (BC) in the cohort of Caucasian women of Russia were assessed. The work was performed on a sample of 1498 women (358 BC patients and 1140 control (non BC) subjects). SHBG correlated in previously GWAS nine polymorphisms such as rs780093 GCKR, rs17496332 PRMT6, rs3779195 BAIAP2L1, rs10454142 PPP1R21, rs7910927 JMJD1C, rs4149056 SLCO1B1, rs440837 ZBTB10, rs12150660 SHBG, and rs8023580 NR2F2 have been genotyped. BC risk effects of allelic and non-allelic SHBG-linked gene SNPs interactions were detected by regression analysis. The risk genetic factor for BC developing is an SHBG-lowering allele variant C rs10454142 PPP1R21 ([additive genetic model] OR = 1.31; 95%CI = 1.08-1.65; pperm = 0.024; power = 85.26%), which determines 0.32% of the cancer variance. Eight of the nine studied SHBG-related SNPs have been involved in cancer susceptibility as part of nine different non-allelic gene interaction models, the greatest contribution to which is made by rs10454142 PPP1R21 (included in all nine models, 100%) and four more SNPs-rs7910927 JMJD1C (five models, 55.56%), rs17496332 PRMT6 (four models, 44.44%), rs780093 GCKR (four models, 44.44%), and rs440837 ZBTB10 (four models, 44.44%). For SHBG-related loci, pronounced functionality in the organism (including breast, liver, fibroblasts, etc.) was predicted in silico, having a direct relationship through many pathways with cancer pathophysiology. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the involvement of SHBG-correlated genes polymorphisms in BC risk in Caucasian women in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.P.); (K.P.); (M.C.); (I.S.); (I.A.); (V.C.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
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17
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Felício de Souza Mamede V, de Almeida Marques Bernabé R, Leopoldino da Silva L, Gonçalves Santos T, Gomes Fontana L, Machado JM, Albergaria BH, Marques-Rocha JL, Guandalini VR. Waist Circumference as a Tool for Identifying Visceral Fat in Women with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:316-324. [PMID: 38317427 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2304691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal adiposity is associated with tumor development and poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC) and can be identified by the measurement of waist circumference (WC) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to evaluate the association between waist circumference (WC) and imaging measurement of central adiposity according to age group in women with BC. Abdominal adiposity was assessed by WC and VAT, obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body mass index (BMI) was assessed. The presence of inflammation was investigated by measuring C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to verify the association between WC and VAT. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5%. This study included 112 women with a mean age of 55.5 ± 11.4 years. After adjusted models, WC remained associated with VAT and for every centimeter increase in WC, there was an increase of 3.12 cm2 (CI: 2.40 - 3.85; p < 0.001) in VAT. WC was associated with VAT in women with breast cancer, proving to be a simple, fast, and noninvasive approach that can be used as a proxy to identify visceral fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larissa Leopoldino da Silva
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
| | - Thalita Gonçalves Santos
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
| | - Luana Gomes Fontana
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
| | - Janine Martins Machado
- Cassiano Antonio Moraes University Hospital, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur Albergaria
- Cassiano Antonio Moraes University Hospital, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Marques-Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
| | - Valdete Regina Guandalini
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
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Coradini D. Impact of De Novo Cholesterol Biosynthesis on the Initiation and Progression of Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2024; 14:64. [PMID: 38254664 PMCID: PMC10813427 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol (CHOL) is a multifaceted lipid molecule. It is an essential structural component of cell membranes, where it cooperates in regulating the intracellular trafficking and signaling pathways. Additionally, it serves as a precursor for vital biomolecules, including steroid hormones, isoprenoids, vitamin D, and bile acids. Although CHOL is normally uptaken from the bloodstream, cells can synthesize it de novo in response to an increased requirement due to physiological tissue remodeling or abnormal proliferation, such as in cancer. Cumulating evidence indicated that increased CHOL biosynthesis is a common feature of breast cancer and is associated with the neoplastic transformation of normal mammary epithelial cells. After an overview of the multiple biological activities of CHOL and its derivatives, this review will address the impact of de novo CHOL production on the promotion of breast cancer with a focus on mammary stem cells. The review will also discuss the effect of de novo CHOL production on in situ and invasive carcinoma and its impact on the response to adjuvant treatment. Finally, the review will discuss the present and future therapeutic strategies to normalize CHOL biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Coradini
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics and Biometry, "Giulio A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Campus Cascina Rosa, 20133 Milan, Italy
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19
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Hurtado MD, Tama E, D'Andre S, Shufelt CL. The relation between excess adiposity and breast cancer in women: Clinical implications and management. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104213. [PMID: 38008197 PMCID: PMC10843740 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. While the combination of improved screening, earlier detection, and advances in therapeutics has resulted in lower BC mortality, BC survivors are now increasingly dying of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease in the leading cause of non-cancer related mortality among BC survivors. This situation underscores the critical need to research the role of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors, such as excess adiposity, that will affect BC remission, long-term survivorship, and overall health and quality of life. PURPOSE First, this review summarizes the evidence on the connection between adipose tissue and BC. Then we review the data on weight trends after BC diagnosis with a focus on the effect of weight gain on BC recurrence and BC- and non-BC-related death. Finally, we provide a guide for weight management in BC survivors, considering the available data on the effect of weight loss interventions on BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Hurtado
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Elif Tama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey D'Andre
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chrisandra L Shufelt
- Center for Women's Health, Division of General Internal Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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20
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Machairiotis N, Pantelis AG, Potiris A, Karampitsakos T, Drakakis P, Drakaki E, Oikonomou P, Nikolaou C, Matthaios D, Charalampidis C, Ioannidis A, Zarogoulidis P, Sofoklis S. The Effectiveness of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery in Preventing Gynecologic Cancer - from Pathophysiology to Clinical Outcomes. J Cancer 2024; 15:1077-1092. [PMID: 38230225 PMCID: PMC10788728 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cancer represent two pandemics of current civilization, the progression of which has followed parallel trajectories. To time, thirteen types of malignancies have been recognized as obesity-related cancers, including breast (in postmenopausal women), endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Pathophysiologic mechanisms that connect the two entities include insulin resistance, adipokine imbalance, increased peripheral aromatization and estrogen levels, tissue hypoxia, and disrupted immunity in the cellular milieu. Beyond the connection of obesity to carcinogenesis at a molecular and cellular level, clinicians should always be cognizant of the fact that obesity might have secondary impacts on the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancer, including limited access to effective screening programs, resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies, persisting lymphedema, etc. Metabolic bariatric surgery represents an attractive intervention not only for decreasing the risk of carcinogenesis in high-risk women living with obesity but most importantly as a measure to improve disease-specific and overall survival in patients with diagnosed obesity-related gynecologic malignancies. The present narrative review summarizes current evidence on the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, the clinical data, and the potential applications of metabolic bariatric surgery in all types of gynecologic cancer, including breast, endometrial, ovarian, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital,1 Rimini, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Pantelis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital,1 Rimini, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Potiris
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital,1 Rimini, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Karampitsakos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital,1 Rimini, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Drakakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital,1 Rimini, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Drakaki
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital,1 Rimini, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagoula Oikonomou
- Second Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Nikolaou
- Second Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | - Aris Ioannidis
- Surgery Department, Genesis Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, General Clinic Euromedica, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Sofoklis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital,1 Rimini, 124 62 Athens, Greece
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21
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Ciołek A, Piotrowski G. Interplay between acute coronary syndromes and cancer: insights into pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2023; 8:e190-e195. [PMID: 38283931 PMCID: PMC10811532 DOI: 10.5114/amsad/176660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and cancer are among the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested an interplay between these 2 conditions. This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options for ACS and cancer. The interplay between these conditions may be due to environmental, genetic, and metabolic factors. For example, smoking, hypertension, and obesity are risk factors for both ACS and cancer. Diagnosis of ACS and cancer can be challenging because the symptoms of these conditions often overlap. For example, chest pain can be a symptom of both ACS and a neoplasms. Treatment options for ACS and cancer are varied and depend on the type of disease, stage of disease, and individual patient factors. Treatment for ACS may include angioplasty, stenting, or medication therapy. Treatment for cancer may include surgical removal of the tumour, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciołek
- Department of Cardio-oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolaus Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Piotrowski
- Department of Cardio-oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolaus Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Zekri A, Harkati D, Kenouche S, Saleh BA, Alnajjar R. A computational study of potent series of selective estrogen receptor degraders for breast cancer therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11078-11100. [PMID: 36537313 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2159877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A detailed multistep framework combining quantitative structure-activity relationship, global reactivity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination properties, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) on a series of Selective Estrogen Receptor Down-Regulators (SERDs) interacting with Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) has been performed. The partial least squares regression method derived an empirical model with better predictive capability. The results of global reactivity descriptors revealed that all the compounds are considered strong electrophiles, allowing them to participate in polar reactions more easily. The Brain Or IntestinaL EstimateD permeation diagram revealed that compounds 49 and 31 were predicted to be well absorbed by the human gastrointestinal tract and would not enter the brain. The elucidation of the binding mode between the most active compounds that comply with Lipinski's and Veber's rules from the dataset and ERα targets was explored by molecular docking. The MD simulations were performed for 100 ns on the best compounds, which indicated their stability state under dynamics simulations. These findings are expected to help predict the anticancer activities of the studied SERD compounds and better understand their binding mechanism with ERα targets.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Zekri
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Dalal Harkati
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Samir Kenouche
- Group of Modeling of Chemical Systems Using Quantum Calculations, Applied Chemistry Laboratory, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Basil A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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23
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Alnahdi AS, Idrees M. Nonlinear dynamics of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer integrating experimental data: A novel spatial modeling approach. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:21163-21185. [PMID: 38124592 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Oncology research has focused extensively on estrogen hormones and their function in breast cancer proliferation. Mathematical modeling is essential for the analysis and simulation of breast cancers. This research presents a novel approach to examine the therapeutic and inhibitory effects of hormone and estrogen therapies on the onset of breast cancer. Our proposed mathematical model comprises a nonlinear coupled system of partial differential equations, capturing intricate interactions among estrogen, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, dormant cancer cells, and active cancer cells. The model's parameters are meticulously estimated through experimental studies, and we conduct a comprehensive global sensitivity analysis to assess the uncertainty of these parameter values. Remarkably, our findings underscore the pivotal role of hormone therapy in curtailing breast tumor growth by blocking estrogen's influence on cancer cells. Beyond this crucial insight, our proposed model offers an integrated framework to delve into the complexity of tumor progression and immune response under hormone therapy. We employ diverse experimental datasets encompassing gene expression profiles, spatial tumor morphology, and cellular interactions. Integrating multidimensional experimental data with mathematical models enhances our understanding of breast cancer dynamics and paves the way for personalized treatment strategies. Our study advances our comprehension of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and exemplifies a transformative approach that merges experimental data with cutting-edge mathematical modeling. This framework promises to illuminate the complexities of cancer progression and therapy, with broad implications for oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer S Alnahdi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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24
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Santos-Pereira M, Pereira SC, Rebelo I, Spadella MA, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Decoding the Influence of Obesity on Prostate Cancer and Its Transgenerational Impact. Nutrients 2023; 15:4858. [PMID: 38068717 PMCID: PMC10707940 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the escalating prevalence of metabolic disorders, notably obesity and being overweight, has emerged as a pressing concern in public health. Projections for the future indicate a continual upward trajectory in obesity rates, primarily attributable to unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles. The ramifications of obesity extend beyond its visible manifestations, intricately weaving a web of hormonal dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. This nexus of factors holds particular significance in the context of carcinogenesis, notably in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), which is a pervasive malignancy and a leading cause of mortality among men. A compelling hypothesis arises from the perspective of transgenerational inheritance, wherein genetic and epigenetic imprints associated with obesity may wield influence over the development of PCa. This review proposes a comprehensive exploration of the nuanced mechanisms through which obesity disrupts prostate homeostasis and serves as a catalyst for PCa initiation. Additionally, it delves into the intriguing interplay between the transgenerational transmission of both obesity-related traits and the predisposition to PCa. Drawing insights from a spectrum of sources, ranging from in vitro and animal model research to human studies, this review endeavors to discuss the intricate connections between obesity and PCa. However, the landscape remains partially obscured as the current state of knowledge unveils only fragments of the complex mechanisms linking these phenomena. As research advances, unraveling the associated factors and underlying mechanisms promises to unveil novel avenues for understanding and potentially mitigating the nexus between obesity and the development of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos-Pereira
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Pereira
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biologic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Faculty, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria A. Spadella
- Human Embryology Laboratory, Marília Medical School, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marco G. Alves
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Biskup M, Macek P, Terek-Derszniak M, Zak M, Krol H, Falana K, Gozdz S. Agreement between Accelerometer-Assessed and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Female Breast Cancer Survivors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3447. [PMID: 37998583 PMCID: PMC10670656 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate quantitative assessment of physical activity and sedentary lifestyles enables a better understanding of their relationship with the health records of cancer survivors. The objective of this study was to compare the subjective and objective methods of physical activity measurement in female breast cancer survivors. Materials and methods: In total, 135 female breast cancer survivors at the Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland, were included in this study. A shortened version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to subjectively assess the participants' physical activity (PA), and an ActiGraph GT3X-BT accelerometer was used for an objective assessment. In total, 75% of the studied women did not report any vigorous PA, irrespective of the measurement method. The average values of moderate PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) measured with IPAQ compared with the accelerometer were sevenfold and tenfold higher, respectively. Conversely, the sedentary behavior values measured with the accelerometer were almost three times higher than those measured with IPAQ. The PA and sedentary behavior measurements were significantly different. Irrespective of PA intensity, the accelerometer-based measurements produced significantly lower results than IPAQ, while higher results were observed for sedentary behavior. The measurement differences between these two methods increased as the average differences grew. Regardless of the measurement method, a negative association was observed between moderate PA with general adiposity and adipose tissue distribution, whereas sedentary behavior demonstrated an opposite trend. This indicates the detrimental role of obesity in limiting PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Biskup
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Avenue IX Centuries Kielc 19A, 25-516 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwinskiego 3 Street, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Pawel Macek
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Avenue IX Centuries Kielc 19A, 25-516 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwinskiego 3 Street, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Marek Zak
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Avenue IX Centuries Kielc 19A, 25-516 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Halina Krol
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Avenue IX Centuries Kielc 19A, 25-516 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Research and Education, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwinskiego 3 Street, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Falana
- Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka Street 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Stanislaw Gozdz
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Avenue IX Centuries Kielc 19A, 25-516 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwinskiego 3 Street, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
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26
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Zhang Z, Li L, Wu J. A Mendelian randomization-based approach to explore the relationship between leukocyte counts and breast cancer risk in European ethnic groups. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16979. [PMID: 37813992 PMCID: PMC10562486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the potential association between peripheral blood leukocyte counts and breast cancer risk by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis methods. Genetic data related to peripheral blood sorting counts of leukocytes were collected from a genome-wide association study by Blood Cell Consortium (BCX). Single nucleotide polymorphic loci predicting peripheral blood sorting counts of these leukocytes were selected as instrumental variables according to the correlation assumption, independence assumption and exclusivity assumption of MR. The data on breast cancer and its subtypes were obtained from Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and FinnGen Consortium. In this study, the Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median, MR-Egger, Maximum Likelihood (ML), MR-PRESSO and Constrained Maximum Likelihood and Model Averaging (cML-MA) methods of random effects models were used for MR analysis. Cochran's Q analysis, and MR-Egger intercept analysis were applied for sensitivity analysis. IVW and cML-MA were considered the primary analytical tools, and the results of the other 4 MRs were used as complementary and validation. The results suggest that there is no significant causal relationship between leukocyte count and breast cancer risk (IVW OR = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.93-1.03], p-value = 0.35; CML-MA OR = 1.01 [95% CI: 0.98-1.05], p-value = 0.51). In addition, we analyzed whether there was a potential correlation between the five main types of categorized leukocyte counts and different breast cancer subtypes. We did not find significant evidence to support a significant correlation between leukocyte counts and breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Zhang
- Department of Breast, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Jianbin Wu
- Department of Breast, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Almanza-Aguilera E, Cano A, Gil-Lespinard M, Burguera N, Zamora-Ros R, Agudo A, Farràs M. Mediterranean diet and olive oil, microbiota, and obesity-related cancers. From mechanisms to prevention. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:103-119. [PMID: 37543179 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) is the main source of added fat in the Mediterranean diet (MD). It is a mix of bioactive compounds, including monounsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, simple phenols, secoiridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. There is a growing body of evidence that MD and OO improve obesity-related factors. In addition, obesity has been associated with an increased risk for several cancers: endometrial, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, renal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, gastric cardia, meningioma, multiple myeloma, colorectal, postmenopausal breast, ovarian, gallbladder, and thyroid cancer. However, the epidemiological evidence linking MD and OO with these obesity-related cancers, and their potential mechanisms of action, especially those involving the gut microbiota, are not clearly described or understood. The goals of this review are 1) to update the current epidemiological knowledge on the associations between MD and OO consumption and obesity-related cancers, 2) to identify the gut microbiota mechanisms involved in obesity-related cancers, and 3) to report the effects of MD and OO on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ainara Cano
- Food Research, AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Lespinard
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Nerea Burguera
- Food Research, AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Şenkaya AR, Arı SA, Karaca İ, Kebapçı E, İsmailoğlu E, Öztekin DC. Association of polycystic ovary syndrome with mammographic density in Turkish women: a population-based case-control study. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230138. [PMID: 37729221 PMCID: PMC10511288 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the breast densities and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System scores of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and normoovulatory women and to determine whether these patients constitute a high-risk population for breast cancer. METHODS This retrospective case-control study was conducted at our institution between January 2022 and December 2022, involving patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. Menstrual periods, hyperandrogenemic findings, and ultrasound reports of the patients were retrieved from our hospital's database. Patients who met at least two of the Rotterdam criteria were included in the polycystic ovary syndrome group. A total of 70 premenopausal patients over the age of 40 years, diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, and 70 normoovulatory women, matched for age and body mass index, were included in the study. The two groups were compared regarding age at menarche, menstrual pattern, gravida, parity, levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol, endometrial thickness, breast density category, and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System classifications. RESULTS Patients in the polycystic ovary syndrome group had a higher age at menarche (12.7 vs. 12.3, p=0.006). There was no difference between the gonadotropin levels in both groups. However, the estradiol level was higher in the polycystic ovary syndrome group (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of breast density and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System scores (p=0.319 and p=0.650, respectively). CONCLUSION Although we can conclude that the risk of breast malignancy is not increased in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, the impact of the complex hormonal status of polycystic ovary syndrome on breast cancer remains unclear in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Rabia Şenkaya
- Bakırçay University, Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic – İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Anıl Arı
- Bakırçay University, Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic – İzmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Karaca
- Bakırçay University, Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic – İzmir, Turkey
| | - Eyüp Kebapçı
- Bakırçay University, Faculty of Medicine, General Surgery Clinic – İzmir, Turkey
| | - Eren İsmailoğlu
- Bakırçay University, Faculty of Medicine, Radiology Clinic – İzmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Can Öztekin
- Bakırçay University, Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic – İzmir, Turkey
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29
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Samadi M, Kamrani A, Nasiri H, Shomali N, Heris JA, Shahabi P, Ghahremanzadeh K, Mohammadinasab R, Sadeghi M, Sadeghvand S, Shotorbani SS, Akbari M. Cancer immunotherapy focusing on the role of interleukins: A comprehensive and updated study. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154732. [PMID: 37567033 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines bind to specific receptors on target cells to activate intracellular signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death. They are essential for the growth, activation, and operation of immune cells and the control of immunological reactions to pathogens, cancer cells, and other dangers. Based on their structural and functional properties, cytokines can be roughly categorized into different families, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines. Leukocytes produce interleukins, a class of cytokines that have essential functions in coordinating and communicating with immune cells. Cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity are immune-related disorders brought on by dysregulation of cytokine production or signaling. Understanding cytokines' biology to create novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic methods for various immune-related illnesses is crucial. Different immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and other cells in the body, including epithelial cells and fibroblasts, generate and secrete interleukins. The present study's main aim is to fully understand interleukins' roles in cancer development and identify new therapeutic targets and strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Samadi
- Pediatrics Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Kamrani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mohammadinasab
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Pediatrics Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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30
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Luís C, Guerra-Carvalho B, Braga PC, Guedes C, Patrício E, Alves MG, Fernandes R, Soares R. The Influence of Adipocyte Secretome on Selected Metabolic Fingerprints of Breast Cancer Cell Lines Representing the Four Major Breast Cancer Subtypes. Cells 2023; 12:2123. [PMID: 37681855 PMCID: PMC10486438 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular subtype (MS) is one of the most used classifications of breast cancer (BC). Four MSs are widely accepted according to receptor expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2. The impact of adipose tissue on BC MS metabolic impairment is still unclear. The present work aims to elucidate the metabolic alterations in breast cancer cell lines representing different MSs subjected to adipocyte associated factors. Preadipocytes isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue were differentiated into mature adipocytes. MS representative cell lines were exposed to mature adipocyte secretome. Extracellular medium was collected for metabolomics and RNA was extracted to evaluate enzymatic expression by RT-PCR. Adipocyte secretome exposure resulted in a decrease in the Warburg effect rate and an increase in cholesterol release. HER2+ cell lines (BT-474 and SK-BR-3) exhibited a similar metabolic pattern, in contrast to luminal A (MCF-7) and triple negative (TN) (MDA-MB-231), both presenting identical metabolisms. Anaplerosis was found in luminal A and TN representative cells, whereas cataplerotic reactions were likely to occur in HER2+ cell lines. Our results indicate that adipocyte secretome affects the central metabolism distinctly in each BC MS representative cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luís
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP—Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Guerra-Carvalho
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.G.-C.); (P.C.B.); (M.G.A.)
- ITR—Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Imuno-Physiology & Pharmacology, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia C. Braga
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.G.-C.); (P.C.B.); (M.G.A.)
- ITR—Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Imuno-Physiology & Pharmacology, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Guedes
- T-BIO—Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Emília Patrício
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marco G. Alves
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.G.-C.); (P.C.B.); (M.G.A.)
- ITR—Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Imuno-Physiology & Pharmacology, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ruben Fernandes
- FCS/HEFP/UFP—Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Fernando Pessoa Teaching Hospital, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Soares
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP—Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Glassman I, Le N, Asif A, Goulding A, Alcantara CA, Vu A, Chorbajian A, Mirhosseini M, Singh M, Venketaraman V. The Role of Obesity in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2061. [PMID: 37626871 PMCID: PMC10453206 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) by promoting insulin resistance, increases serum estrogen levels by the upregulation of aromatase, and promotes the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by macrophages. Increased circulating glucose has been shown to activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a significant signaling pathway in breast cancer pathogenesis. Estrogen plays an instrumental role in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers. The role of ROS in breast cancer warrants continued investigation, in relation to both pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. We aim to review the role of obesity in breast cancer pathogenesis and novel therapies mediating obesity-associated breast cancer development. We explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer incidence and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress modulates breast cancer pathogenesis. We discuss the role of glutathione, a ubiquitous antioxidant, in breast cancer therapy. Lastly, we review breast cancer therapies targeting mTOR signaling, leptin signaling, blood sugar reduction, and novel immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Glassman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Nghia Le
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Aamna Asif
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Anabel Goulding
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Cheldon Ann Alcantara
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Annie Vu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Abraham Chorbajian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mercedeh Mirhosseini
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Corona Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Corona, CA 92882, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
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Lagou MK, Karagiannis GS. Obesity-induced thymic involution and cancer risk. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:3-19. [PMID: 37088128 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Declining thymic functions associated either with old age (i.e., age-related thymic involution), or with acute involution as a result of stress, infectious disease, or cytoreductive therapies (e.g., chemotherapy/radiotherapy), have been associated with cancer development. A key mechanism underlying such increased cancer risk is the thymus-dependent debilitation of adaptive immunity, which is responsible for orchestrating immunoediting mechanisms and tumor immune surveillance. In the past few years, a blooming set of evidence has intriguingly linked obesity with cancer development and progression. The majority of such studies has focused on obesity-driven chronic inflammation, steroid/sex hormone and adipokine production, and hyperinsulinemia, as principal factors affecting the tumor microenvironment and driving the development of primary malignancy. However, experimental observations about the negative impact of obesity on T cell development and maturation have existed for more than half a century. Here, we critically discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of obesity-driven thymic involution as a previously underrepresented intermediary pathology leading to cancer development and progression. This knowledge could be especially relevant in the context of childhood obesity, because impaired thymic function in young individuals leads to immune system abnormalities, and predisposes to various pediatric cancers. A thorough understanding behind the molecular and cellular circuitries governing obesity-induced thymic involution could therefore help towards the rationalized development of targeted thymic regeneration strategies for obese individuals at high risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Lagou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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33
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Ajabnoor GMA. The Molecular and Genetic Interactions between Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1338. [PMID: 37512149 PMCID: PMC10384495 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is considered the leading cause of death among females worldwide. Various risk factors contribute to BC development, such as age, genetics, reproductive factors, obesity, alcohol intake, and lifestyle. Obesity is considered to be a pandemic health problem globally, affecting millions of people worldwide. Obesity has been associated with a high risk of BC development. Determining the impact of obesity on BC development risk in women by demonstrating the molecular and genetic association in pre- and post-menopause females and risk to BC initiation is crucial in order to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of BC disease. In epidemiological studies, BC in premenopausal women was shown to be protective in a certain pattern. These altered effects between the two phases could be due to various physiological changes, such as estrogen/progesterone fluctuating levels. In addition, the relationship between BC risk and obesity is indicated by different molecular alterations as metabolic pathways and genetic mutation or epigenetic DNA changes supporting a strong connection between obesity and BC risk. However, these molecular and genetic alteration remain incompletely understood. The aim of this review is to highlight and elucidate the different molecular mechanisms and genetic changes occurring in obese women and their association with BC risk and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M A Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Kallamadi PR, Esari D, Addi UR, Kesavan R, Putcha UK, Nagini S, Reddy GB. Obesity Associated with Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Breast Cancer Development and Progression-A Study on an Obese Rat Model with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11441. [PMID: 37511200 PMCID: PMC10380482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with comorbidities of obesity and diabetes are recognized to be at high risk of breast cancer development and face worse breast cancer outcomes. Though several reports showed the reinforced link between obesity, diabetes, and prediabetes with breast cancer, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular link between increased risks of breast cancer due to coincident diabetes or obesity using a spontaneous obese rat model with impaired glucose tolerance (WNIN/GR-Ob rat). A single dose of solubilized DMBA suspension (40 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to the animals at the age of 60 days to induce breast tumors. The tumor incidence, latency period, tumor frequency, and tumor volume were measured. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate the tumor morphology and expression levels of signal molecules. The development of mammary tumors in GR-Ob rats was characterized by early onset and shorter latency periods compared to control lean rats. While 62% of obese rats developed breast tumors, tumor development in lean rats was only 21%. Overexpression of ER, PR, Ki67, and p53 markers was observed in tumor tissues of obese rats in comparison with lean rats. The levels of the hallmarks of cell proliferation and angiogenesis involved in IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway molecules were upregulated in obese rat breast tumors compared to lean rats. Furthermore, obesity with prediabetes is associated with changes in IGF-1 signaling and acts on PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling, which results in rapid cell proliferation and development of breast tumors in obese rats than the lean rats. These results indicate that tumor onset and development were faster in spontaneous obese rat models with impaired glucose tolerance than in their lean counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepshika Esari
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Rushendhiran Kesavan
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Children Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalinagar 608002, India
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35
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Li Z, Shen G, Shi M, Zheng Y, Guan Y, Xin Y, Wang M, Zhao F, Ren D, Zhao J. Association between high body mass index and prognosis of patients with early-stage breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:205-215. [PMID: 38327841 PMCID: PMC10846319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Background A high body mass index (BMI) can indicate overweight or obesity and is a crucial risk factor for breast cancer survivors. However, the association between high BMI and prognosis in early-stage breast cancer (EBC) remains unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of high BMI on the prognosis of patients with EBC. Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and proceedings of major oncological conferences related to the effects of BMI on the prognosis of breast cancer were searched up to November 2021. Fixed- and random-effects models were used for meta-analyses. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were extracted from the included literature. Results Twenty retrospective cohort studies with 33,836 patients with EBC were included. Overweight patients had worse DFS (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05-1.27, P = 0.002) and OS (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.09-1.33, P < 0.001). Obesity also had adverse effects on DFS (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.29, P = 0.001) and OS (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17-1.45, P < 0.001). Likewise, patients with high BMI had worse DFS (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08-1.26, P < 0.001) and OS (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.14-1.39, P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, overweight had adverse effects on DFS (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.18, P = 0.001) and OS (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11-1.26, P < 0.001) in multivariate analyses, whereas the relationship that overweight had negative effects on DFS (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99-1.48, P = 0.058) and OS (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.92-2.10, P = 0.123) was not statistically significant in univariate analysis. By contrast, obesity had adverse effects on DFS (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.38, P = 0.004 and HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08-1.22, P < 0.001) and OS (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15-1.54, P < 0.001 and HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.15-1.31, P < 0.001) in univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Conclusions Compared with normal weight, increased body weight (overweight, obesity, and high BMI) led to worse DFS and OS in patients with EBC. Once validated, these results should be considered in the development of prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yonghui Zheng
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Yumei Guan
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Yuanfang Xin
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Miaozhou Wang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Fuxing Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Dengfeng Ren
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
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Kasarinaite A, Sinton M, Saunders PTK, Hay DC. The Influence of Sex Hormones in Liver Function and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1604. [PMID: 37371074 PMCID: PMC10296738 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver performs a multitude of bodily functions, whilst retaining the ability to regenerate damaged tissue. In this review, we discuss sex steroid biology, regulation of mammalian liver physiology and the development of new model systems to improve our understanding of liver biology in health and disease. A major risk factor for the development of liver disease is hepatic fibrosis. Key drivers of this process are metabolic dysfunction and pathologic activation of the immune system. Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely regarded as benign, it does progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a subset of patients, increasing their risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD susceptibility varies across the population, with obesity and insulin resistance playing a strong role in the disease development. Additionally, sex and age have been identified as important risk factors. In addition to the regulation of liver biochemistry, sex hormones also regulate the immune system, with sexual dimorphism described for both innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, sex differences in liver metabolism, immunity and their interplay are important factors to consider when designing, studying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat human liver disease. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a general overview of sex steroid biology and their regulation of mammalian liver physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvile Kasarinaite
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Matthew Sinton
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 9TA, UK
| | - Philippa T. K. Saunders
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C. Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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Jovanović M, Kovačević S, Brkljačić J, Djordjevic A. Oxidative Stress Linking Obesity and Cancer: Is Obesity a 'Radical Trigger' to Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098452. [PMID: 37176160 PMCID: PMC10179114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is on the rise worldwide, and consequently, obesity-related non-communicable diseases are as well. Nutritional overload induces metabolic adaptations in an attempt to restore the disturbed balance, and the byproducts of the mechanisms at hand include an increased generation of reactive species. Obesity-related oxidative stress causes damage to vulnerable systems and ultimately contributes to neoplastic transformation. Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue releases cytokines and induces changes in the cell microenvironment, promoting cell survival and progression of the transformed cancer cells. Other than the increased risk of cancer development, obese cancer patients experience higher mortality rates and reduced therapy efficiency as well. The fact that obesity is considered the second leading preventable cause of cancer prioritizes the research on the mechanisms connecting obesity to cancerogenesis and finding the solutions to break the link. Oxidative stress is integral at different stages of cancer development and advancement in obese patients. Hypocaloric, balanced nutrition, and structured physical activity are some tools for relieving this burden. However, the sensitivity of simultaneously treating cancer and obesity poses a challenge. Further research on the obesity-cancer liaison would offer new perspectives on prevention programs and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Jovanović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kovačević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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38
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Trevellin E, Bettini S, Pilatone A, Vettor R, Milan G. Obesity, the Adipose Organ and Cancer in Humans: Association or Causation? Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051319. [PMID: 37238992 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological observations, experimental studies and clinical data show that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing different types of cancer; however, proof of a cause-effect relationship that meets the causality criteria is still lacking. Several data suggest that the adipose organ could be the protagonist in this crosstalk. In particular, the adipose tissue (AT) alterations occurring in obesity parallel some tumour behaviours, such as their theoretically unlimited expandability, infiltration capacity, angiogenesis regulation, local and systemic inflammation and changes to the immunometabolism and secretome. Moreover, AT and cancer share similar morpho-functional units which regulate tissue expansion: the adiponiche and tumour-niche, respectively. Through direct and indirect interactions involving different cellular types and molecular mechanisms, the obesity-altered adiponiche contributes to cancer development, progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Moreover, modifications to the gut microbiome and circadian rhythm disruption also play important roles. Clinical studies clearly demonstrate that weight loss is associated with a decreased risk of developing obesity-related cancers, matching the reverse-causality criteria and providing a causality correlation between the two variables. Here, we provide an overview of the methodological, epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects, with a special focus on clinical implications for cancer risk and prognosis and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Trevellin
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Pilatone
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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39
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Tang Y, Lin TC, Kim YC, Chung S, Liu Z. High-Fat Diet Exposure in Early Life Alters Mammary Metabolic and Inflammatory Microenvironment in Favor of Breast Tumorigenesis Later in Life in Mice. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4197-4207. [PMID: 37185433 PMCID: PMC10136975 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights the important impact of early-life exposures on cancer development later in life. The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of a high-fat diet in early life on the mammary microenvironment in relation to breast tumorigenesis. Forty-four female C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet (LF, 10 kcal% fat) or a high-fat diet (HF, 60 kcal% fat) for 8 weeks starting at ~4 weeks of age. Twenty-two mice were sacrificed immediately after an 8 week feeding, and the rest of mice were switched to a normal diet for maintenance (Lab Diet, #5P76) for additional 12 weeks. A panel of metabolic parameters, inflammatory cytokines, as well as tumorigenic Wnt-signaling target genes were analyzed. The HF diet increased body weight and exacerbated mammary metabolic and inflammatory status. The disrupted microenvironment remains significant to the later life equivalent to young adulthood (p < 0.05). Mammary Wnt-signaling was elevated right after the HF diet as indicated by the upregulated expression of its downstream genes, whereas it was surprisingly suppressed after switching diets (p < 0.05). In summary, HF-induced overweight/obesity in early life altered the mammary metabolic and inflammatory microenvironments in favor of breast tumorigenesis, although its overall impact to breast cancer later in life warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ting-Chun Lin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Young-Cheul Kim
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- UMass Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Gram MA, Olsen A, Andersen ZJ, Tjønneland A, Mellemkjær L. Associations of body fat mass and fat-free mass with breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women: A Danish prospective cohort study. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 80:30-36. [PMID: 36750141 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have established associations between body mass index and breast cancer, but fat mass is a more direct measure of the amount of fat tissue in the body than body mass index. This study examined the association between body fat mass, fat-free mass, and other anthropometric measures and breast cancer in postmenopausal women according to use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHODS From the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort established during 1993-1997, 24,219 postmenopausal women were included who had anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements performed by a laboratory technician at baseline. Information on breast cancer incidence (outcome), other cancer diagnoses, and vital status (censoring variables) through 2016 was obtained from nationwide registers. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for known breast cancer risk factors and stratifying by HRT use and running age. RESULTS During a total of 431,104 person-years, 1919 women developed breast cancer. Among never-users of HRT, the HR for breast cancer at or after age 65 years was 1.06 (95% CI, 1.03-1.08) per 1 kg/m2 higher body fat mass index (BFMI), and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.14-1.47) per 10% higher body fat percentage. The corresponding HRs for breast cancer before age 65 years were close to unity. The HRs were 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.21) and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.10-1.23) for each 1 kg/m2 increase in fat-free mass index, respectively, for breast cancer below and above age 65 years. Mutual adjustment attenuated the HRs for BFMI and body fat percentage, whereas the HRs for fat-free mass index were largely unaffected. Among ever-users of HRT, there was no statistical significant association between any of the body composition measures and breast cancer incidence in the two age groups. CONCLUSIONS Among postmenopausal women who never used HRT, BFMI was associated with breast cancer in women aged 65 years or older. Fat-free mass index was found to be more strongly associated with postmenopausal breast cancer incidence than BFMI independently of age in never-users of HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Divella R, Marino G, Infusino S, Lanotte L, Gadaleta-Caldarola G, Gadaleta-Caldarola G. The Mediterranean Lifestyle to Contrast Low-Grade Inflammation Behavior in Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:1667. [PMID: 37049508 PMCID: PMC10096668 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also lets the body get substances that protect against and/or prevent certain diseases. It is now clear that obesity is linked to long-term diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The main reasons for people being overweight or obese are having bad eating habits and not moving around enough. Maintaining weight in the normal range may be one of the best things to avoid cancer. It has been scientifically proven that those who perform regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Moving regularly not only helps to maintain a normal body weight, avoiding the effects that favor tumor growth in overweight subjects, but also makes the immune system more resistant by counteracting the growth of tumor cells. Physical activity also helps prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, it is highlighted that the association between the Mediterranean diet and physical activity triggers biological mechanisms capable of counteracting the low-grade chronic inflammation found in patients with cancer. This assumes that healthy lifestyles associated with cancer therapies can improve the expectations and quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
| | - Graziella Marino
- Department of Breast Unit—Centro d Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS-CROB, Via Padre Pio 1, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Stefania Infusino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “SS Annunziata”, Via Felice Migliori 1, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Laura Lanotte
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
| | - Gaia Gadaleta-Caldarola
- Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari, Università di Parma, Via Delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gadaleta-Caldarola
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
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Larson EA, Dalamaga M, Magkos F. The role of exercise in obesity-related cancers: Current evidence and biological mechanisms. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:16-26. [PMID: 36871634 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer ranks among the five leading causes of death in almost all countries and has important repercussions for individual and public health, the healthcare system, and society in general. Obesity increases the incidence of many types of cancer, but growing evidence suggests that physical activity may decrease risk for developing a variety of obesity-related cancer types, and, in some cases, may improve cancer prognosis and mortality rates. This review summarizes recent evidence on the effect of physical activity on obesity-related cancer prevention and survival. For some cancers, including breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancer, there is strong evidence for a preventative effect of exercise, but for many others, including gallbladder and kidney cancer, and multiple myeloma, evidence is inconsistent or largely lacking. Though many potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the onco-protective effect of exercise, including improved insulin sensitivity, alterations in sex hormone availability, improved immune function and inflammation, myokine secretion, and modulation of intracellular signaling at the level of AMP kinase, the exact mechanism(s) of action within each cancer subtype remains poorly defined. Overall, a deeper understanding of how exercise can help against cancer and of the exercise parameters that can be altered to optimize exercise prescription is necessary and should be the subject of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Larson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Bhardwaj P, Iyengar NM, Zahid H, Carter KM, Byun DJ, Choi MH, Sun Q, Savenkov O, Louka C, Liu C, Piloco P, Acosta M, Bareja R, Elemento O, Foronda M, Dow LE, Oshchepkova S, Giri DD, Pollak M, Zhou XK, Hopkins BD, Laughney AM, Frey MK, Ellenson LH, Morrow M, Spector JA, Cantley LC, Brown KA. Obesity promotes breast epithelium DNA damage in women carrying a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade1857. [PMID: 36812344 PMCID: PMC10557057 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, is an established risk factor for breast cancer among women in the general population after menopause. Whether elevated BMI is a risk factor for women with a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 is less clear because of inconsistent findings from epidemiological studies and a lack of mechanistic studies in this population. Here, we show that DNA damage in normal breast epithelia of women carrying a BRCA mutation is positively correlated with BMI and with biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction. In addition, RNA sequencing showed obesity-associated alterations to the breast adipose microenvironment of BRCA mutation carriers, including activation of estrogen biosynthesis, which affected neighboring breast epithelial cells. In breast tissue explants cultured from women carrying a BRCA mutation, we found that blockade of estrogen biosynthesis or estrogen receptor activity decreased DNA damage. Additional obesity-associated factors, including leptin and insulin, increased DNA damage in human BRCA heterozygous epithelial cells, and inhibiting the signaling of these factors with a leptin-neutralizing antibody or PI3K inhibitor, respectively, decreased DNA damage. Furthermore, we show that increased adiposity was associated with mammary gland DNA damage and increased penetrance of mammary tumors in Brca1+/- mice. Overall, our results provide mechanistic evidence in support of a link between elevated BMI and breast cancer development in BRCA mutation carriers. This suggests that maintaining a lower body weight or pharmacologically targeting estrogen or metabolic dysfunction may reduce the risk of breast cancer in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neil M. Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heba Zahid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dong Jun Byun
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Qi Sun
- Computational Biology Service Unit of Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Oleksandr Savenkov
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charalambia Louka
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Catherine Liu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Phoebe Piloco
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Monica Acosta
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Foronda
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sofya Oshchepkova
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dilip D. Giri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hopkins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashley M. Laughney
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melissa K. Frey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lora Hedrick Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason A. Spector
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Qian Z, Chen L, Liu J, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. The emerging role of PPAR-alpha in breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114420. [PMID: 36812713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been confirmed to have lipid disorders in the tumour microenvironment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. PPARα regulates the expression of genes involved in fatty acid homeostasis and is a major regulator of lipid metabolism. Because of its effects on lipid metabolism, an increasing number of studies have investigated the relationship of PPARα with breast cancer. PPARα has been shown to impact the cell cycle and apoptosis in normal cells and tumoral cells through regulating genes of the lipogenic pathway, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid activation, and uptake of exogenous fatty acids. Besides, PPARα is involved in the regulation of the tumour microenvironment (anti-inflammation and inhibition of angiogenesis) by modulating different signal pathways such as NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Some synthetic PPARα ligands are used in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. PPARα agonists are reported to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. In addition, PPARα agonists enhance the curative effects of targeted therapy and radiation therapy. Interestingly, with the emerging role of immunotherapy, attention has been focused on the tumour microenvironment. The dual functions of PPARα agonists in immunotherapy need further research. This review aims to consolidate the operations of PPARα in lipid-related and other ways, as well as discuss the current and potential applications of PPARα agonists in tackling breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Qian
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China; Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
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Chan DS, Vieira R, Abar L, Aune D, Balducci K, Cariolou M, Greenwood DC, Markozannes G, Nanu N, Becerra‐Tomás N, Giovannucci EL, Gunter MJ, Jackson AA, Kampman E, Lund V, Allen K, Brockton NT, Croker H, Katsikioti D, McGinley‐Gieser D, Mitrou P, Wiseman M, Cross AJ, Riboli E, Clinton SK, McTiernan A, Norat T, Tsilidis KK. Postdiagnosis body fatness, weight change and breast cancer prognosis: Global Cancer Update Program (CUP global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:572-599. [PMID: 36279884 PMCID: PMC10092239 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidence on postdiagnosis body fatness and mortality after breast cancer was graded as limited-suggestive. To evaluate the evidence on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio and weight change in relation to breast cancer prognosis, an updated systematic review was conducted. PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant studies published up to 31 October, 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate summary relative risks (RRs). The evidence was judged by an independent Expert Panel using pre-defined grading criteria. One randomized controlled trial and 225 observational studies were reviewed (220 publications). There was strong evidence (likelihood of causality: probable) that higher postdiagnosis BMI was associated with increased all-cause mortality (64 studies, 32 507 deaths), breast cancer-specific mortality (39 studies, 14 106 deaths) and second primary breast cancer (11 studies, 5248 events). The respective summary RRs and 95% confidence intervals per 5 kg/m2 BMI were 1.07 (1.05-1.10), 1.10 (1.06-1.14) and 1.14 (1.04-1.26), with high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 56%, 60%, 66%), but generally consistent positive associations. Positive associations were also observed for waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio and all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. There was limited-suggestive evidence that postdiagnosis BMI was associated with higher risk of recurrence, nonbreast cancer deaths and cardiovascular deaths. The evidence for postdiagnosis (unexplained) weight or BMI change and all outcomes was graded as limited-no conclusion. The RCT showed potential beneficial effect of intentional weight loss on disease-free-survival, but more intervention trials and well-designed observational studies in diverse populations are needed to elucidate the impact of body composition and their changes on breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris S.M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rita Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Leila Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NutritionBjørknes University CollegeOsloNorway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Katia Balducci
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Margarita Cariolou
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Darren C. Greenwood
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina Medical SchoolIoanninaGreece
| | - Neesha Nanu
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nerea Becerra‐Tomás
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Alan A. Jackson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and HealthUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- National Institute of Health Research Cancer and Nutrition CollaborationSouthamptonUK
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vivien Lund
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | - Kate Allen
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | | | - Helen Croker
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda J. Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steven K. Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Anne McTiernan
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina Medical SchoolIoanninaGreece
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Luís C, Dias J, Firmino-Machado J, Fernandes R, Pereira D, Baylina P, Fernandes R, Soares R. A retrospective study in tumour characteristics and clinical outcomes of overweight and obese women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:89-101. [PMID: 36576677 PMCID: PMC9883351 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and breast cancer are two major pathologies closely associated with increasing incidence and mortality rates, especially amongst women. The association between both diseases have been thoroughly discussed but much is still to uncover. AIM The aim of this study is to analyse tumour characteristics and clinical outcomes of overweight and obese women to disclosure potential associations and better understand the impact of obesity in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinicopathological information of 2246 women were extracted from the institutional database of comprehensive cancer centre in Portugal diagnosed between 2012 and 2016. Women were stratified according to body mass index as normal, overweight, and obese. Patients' demographic information and tumour features (age, family history, topographic localization, laterality, histological type, and receptor status) were taken as independent variables and overall survival, tumour stage, differentiation grade and bilaterality were considered clinical outcomes. RESULTS The main results reveal that overweight and obesity are predominantly associated with worse outcomes in breast cancer patients. Obese patients present larger (p-value: 0.002; OR 1.422; 95% CI 1.134-1.783) and more poorly differentiated tumours (p-value: 0.002; OR 1.480; 95% CI 1.154-1.898) and tend to have lower overall survival although without statistical significance (p-value: 0.117; OR 1.309; 95% CI 0.934-1.833). Overweighted women are more likely to have bilateral breast cancer (p-value: 0.017; OR 3.076; 95% CI 1.225-7.722) than obese women. The results also reveal that overweight women present less distant metastasis (p-value: 0.024; OR 0.525; 95%CI 0.299-0.920). Topographic localization and laterality did not achieve statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luís
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Al Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Medical and Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Research, Technology, and Innovation Centre (LABMI-PORTIC), Porto Polytechnic, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Dias
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Firmino-Machado
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro Académico Clínico Egas Moniz, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rute Fernandes
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pilar Baylina
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Medical and Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Research, Technology, and Innovation Centre (LABMI-PORTIC), Porto Polytechnic, Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Medical and Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Research, Technology, and Innovation Centre (LABMI-PORTIC), Porto Polytechnic, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Fernando Pessoa Hospital-School (FCS/HEFP/UFP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Al Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tackling the adverse health effects of excess body fat in breast cancer: where does physical activity fit in? Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:63-68. [PMID: 36524561 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122002889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Weight gain is commonly observed during and after breast cancer treatment due to chemotherapy and endocrine therapies, induced menopause, changes in metabolism and food intake and decreased physical activity. Systematic reviews show that women who are overweight or obese at diagnosis, and those who gain weight, have poorer breast cancer survival outcomes than women of a healthy weight, irrespective of menopausal status. Excess body weight after breast cancer also increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD. The adverse impact of excess body weight on survival outcomes is clearly shown for women with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, which accounts for 70 % of all breast cancer cases. Higher body fat is thought to increase the risk of ER+ recurrence because of increased aromatase activity. However, this could be compounded by other risk factors, including abnormal insulin and adipokine metabolism, impaired anti-tumour immunity and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Observational evidence linking poorer survival outcomes with excess body fat and low physical activity in women recovering from early-stage curative-intent breast cancer treatment is reviewed, before reflecting on the proposed biological mechanisms. The issues and sensitivities surrounding exercise participation amongst overweight breast cancer patients is also discussed, before providing an overview of the co-design process involved in development of an intervention (support programme) with appropriate content, structure and delivery model to address the weight management challenges faced by overweight ER+ breast cancer patients.
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Hsieh CC, Wu CH, Peng SH, Chang CH. Seed-derived peptide lunasin suppressed breast cancer cell growth by regulating inflammatory mediators, aromatase, and estrogen receptors. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:8991. [PMID: 36794014 PMCID: PMC9899045 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.8991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women. Its pathology comprises tumor cells and nearby stromal cells, accompanied by cytokines and stimulated molecules, resulting in a favorable microenvironment for tumor progression. Lunasin is a seed peptide with multiple bioactivities derived from seeds. However, the chemopreventive effect of lunasin on different characteristics of breast cancer has not been fully explored. Objective This study aims to explore the chemopreventive mechanisms of lunasin through inflammatory mediators and estrogen-related molecules in breast cancer cells. Design Estrogen-dependent MCF-7 and independent MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were used. The β-estradiol was used to mimic physiological estrogen. The gene expression, mediator secretion, cell vitality, and apoptosis impacting breast malignancy were explored. Results Lunasin did not affect normal MCF-10A cell growth but inhibited breast cancer cell growth, increased interleukin (IL)-6 gene expression and protein production at 24 h, and decreased its secretion at 48 h. In both breast cancer cells, aromatase gene and activity and estrogen receptor (ER)α gene expression were decreased by lunasin treatment, while ERβ gene levels were significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, lunasin decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and cell vitality and induced cell apoptosis in both breast cancer cell lines. However, lunasin only decreased leptin receptor (Ob-R) mRNA expression in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, β-estradiol increased MCF-7-cell proliferation but not the proliferation of other cells; in particular, lunasin still inhibited MCF-7-cell growth and cell vitality in the presence of β-estradiol. Conclusion Seed peptide lunasin inhibited breast cancer cell growth by regulating inflammatory, angiogenic, and estrogen-related molecules, suggesting that lunasin is a promising chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chien Hsieh
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Chia-Chien Hsieh Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Hao Wu
- School of Life Science, Undergraduate and Graduate Programs of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Peng
- School of Life Science, Undergraduate and Graduate Programs of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Chang
- School of Life Science, Undergraduate and Graduate Programs of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cancer-Associated Adipocytes and Breast Cancer: Intertwining in the Tumor Microenvironment and Challenges for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030726. [PMID: 36765683 PMCID: PMC9913307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the main components in breast tissue, and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are one of the most important components in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer (BC). Bidirectional regulation was found between CAAs and BC cells. BC facilitates the dedifferentiation of adjacent adipocytes to form CAAs with morphological and biological changes. CAAs increase the secretion of multiple cytokines and adipokines to promote the tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis of BC by remodeling the extracellular matrix, changing aromatase expression, and metabolic reprogramming, and shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. CAAs are also associated with the therapeutic response of BC and provide potential targets in BC therapy. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the crosstalk between CAAs and BC and discusses the potential strategies to target CAAs to overcome BC treatment resistance.
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Pati S, Irfan W, Jameel A, Ahmed S, Shahid RK. Obesity and Cancer: A Current Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Outcomes, and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:485. [PMID: 36672434 PMCID: PMC9857053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity or excess body fat is a major global health challenge that has not only been associated with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease but is also a major risk factor for the development of and mortality related to a subgroup of cancer. This review focuses on epidemiology, the relationship between obesity and the risk associated with the development and recurrence of cancer and the management of obesity. METHODS A literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar was performed and the keywords 'obesity' and cancer' were used. The search was limited to research papers published in English prior to September 2022 and focused on studies that investigated epidemiology, the pathogenesis of cancer, cancer incidence and the risk of recurrence, and the management of obesity. RESULTS About 4-8% of all cancers are attributed to obesity. Obesity is a risk factor for several major cancers, including post-menopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, esophageal, pancreatic, liver, and gallbladder cancer. Excess body fat results in an approximately 17% increased risk of cancer-specific mortality. The relationship between obesity and the risk associated with the development of cancer and its recurrence is not fully understood and involves altered fatty acid metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, the secretion of adipokines and anabolic and sex hormones, immune dysregulation, and chronic inflammation. Obesity may also increase treatment-related adverse effects and influence treatment decisions regarding specific types of cancer therapy. Structured exercise in combination with dietary support and behavior therapy are effective interventions. Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues and bariatric surgery result in more rapid weight loss and can be considered in selected cancer survivors. CONCLUSIONS Obesity increases cancer risk and mortality. Weight-reducing strategies in obesity-associated cancers are important interventions as a key component of cancer care. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate the complex relationship between obesity and cancer with the identification of targets for effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Pati
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Ahmad Jameel
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Shahid Ahmed
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada
| | - Rabia K. Shahid
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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