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Feder MA, Baroni A. Just Let Me Sleep in: Identifying and Treating Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder in Adolescents. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2024; 47:163-178. [PMID: 38302205 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) are unable to naturally fall asleep and awake at conventional times; for this reason, DSPD is often mistaken for insomnia. However, unlike many patients with insomnia, those with DSPD struggle to get up at appropriate times. DSPD is associated with school refusal, academic difficulties, and lower employment rate. DSPD in youth has prevalence as high as 16%, and is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Treatments include appropriate light exposure during the day, melatonin use, developing an evening routine that minimizes arousal-increasing activities, and gradually shifting sleep-wake times toward more functional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Feder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, NYC H+H/Bellevue, New York, NY, USA; Child Study Center, One Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Argelinda Baroni
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Lin J, Kuang H, Jiang J, Zhou H, Peng L, Yan X, Kuang J. Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Function: Implications for Cardiac Diseases and Therapeutic Opportunities. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e942215. [PMID: 37986555 PMCID: PMC10675984 DOI: 10.12659/msm.942215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are internal 24-h intrinsic oscillations that are present in essentially all mammalian cells and can influence numerous biological processes. Cardiac function is known to exhibit a circadian rhythm and is strongly affected by the day/night cycle. Many cardiovascular variables, including heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms, endothelial cell function, and blood pressure, demonstrate robust circadian rhythms. Many experiential and clinical studies have highlighted that disruptions in circadian rhythms can ultimately lead to maladaptive cardiac function. Factors that disrupt the circadian rhythm, including shift work, global travel, and sleep disorders, may consequently enhance the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Some cardiac diseases appear to occur at particular times of the day or night; therefore, targeting the disease at particular times of day may improve the clinical outcome. The objective of this review is to unravel the relationship between circadian rhythms and cardiovascular health. By understanding this intricate interplay, we aim to reveal the potential risks of circadian disruption and discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies, specifically those targeting circadian rhythms. In this review, we explore the important role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular physiology and highlight the role they play in cardiac dysfunction such as ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmia, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Finally, we review potential translational treatments aimed at circadian rhythms. These treatments offer an innovative approach to enhancing the existing approaches for managing and treating heart-related conditions, while also opening new avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Lin
- Postgraduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Haoming Kuang
- Postgraduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beibei Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianjun Kuang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Gutiérrez-Pérez M, González-González S, Estrada-Rodriguez KP, Espítia-Bautista E, Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Escalona R, Escobar C, Guerrero-Vargas NN. Dim Light at Night Promotes Circadian Disruption in Female Rats, at the Metabolic, Reproductive, and Behavioral Level. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200289. [PMID: 36650949 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inhabitants of urban areas are constantly exposed to light at night, which is an important environmental factor leading to circadian disruption. Streetlights filtering light through the windows and night dim light lamps are common sources of dim light at night (DLAN). The female population is susceptible to circadian disruption. The present study is aimed to determine the impact of DLAN on female Wistar rats circadian rhythms, metabolism, reproductive physiology, and behavior. After 5 weeks of DLAN exposure daily, oscillations in activity and body temperature of female rats are abolished. DLAN also decreases nocturnal food ingestion, which results in a diminishment in total food consumption. These alterations in the temporal organization of the body are associated with a significant decrease in melatonin plasmatic levels, reproductive disruptions, decreased exploration times, and marked anhedonia. This study highlights the importance of avoiding exposure to light at night, even at low intensities, to maintain the circadian organization of physiology, and denotes the great necessity of increasing the studies in females since the sexual dimorphism within the effects of desynchronizing protocols has been poorly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Shellye González-González
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Karla P Estrada-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Estefania Espítia-Bautista
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Rene Escalona
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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Gładysz AK, Stępniak J, Karbownik-Lewińska M. Exogenous Melatonin Protects against Oxidative Damage to Membrane Lipids Caused by Some Sodium/Iodide Symporter Inhibitors in the Thyroid. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1688. [PMID: 37759991 PMCID: PMC10525497 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland is the primary site of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), an intrinsic plasma membrane protein responsible for the active uptake of iodine, which is indispensable for thyroid hormone synthesis. Since exposure of the thyroid to NIS inhibitors can potentially have harmful effects on the entire organism, it is important to investigate the potential protective effects of known antioxidants, such as melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), against pro-oxidative action of classic NIS inhibitors. The study aimed to check if and to what extent melatonin and IPA interact with some confirmed NIS inhibitors regarding their effects on oxidative damage to membrane lipids in the thyroid. For comparison with the thyroid gland, in which NIS is typically present, the liver tissue-not possessing NIS-was applied in the present study. Thyroid and liver homogenates were incubated in the presence of tested NIS inhibitors (i.e., NaClO3, NH4SCN, KSeCN, KNO3, NaF, KClO4, and BPA) in different ranges of concentrations with/without melatonin (5 mM) or IPA (5 mM). The malondialdehyde+4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. NaClO3 increased LPO in the thyroid and in the liver, but these pro-oxidative effects were not prevented by either melatonin or IPA. Instead, pro-oxidative effects of NH4SCN observed in both tissues were prevented by both indole substances. KSeCN and NaF increased LPO only in the thyroid, and these pro-oxidative effects were prevented by melatonin and IPA. KNO3, KClO4, and BPA did not increase LPO, which can be due to their low concentrations resulting from restricted solubility. In conclusion, as melatonin prevented oxidative damage to membrane lipids in the thyroid caused by some sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors, this indoleamine shoud be considered as a potential protective agent when produced appropriately in living organisms but also as an exogenous substance recommended to individuals overexposed to NIS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra K. Gładysz
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Stępniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.G.); (J.S.)
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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Burgess HJ, Bahl S, Wilensky K, Spence E, Jouppi RJ, Rizvydeen M, Goldstein C, Kim HM, Williams DA, Burns JW. A 4-week morning light treatment with stable sleep timing for individuals with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2023; 24:787-795. [PMID: 36715638 PMCID: PMC10321765 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain, mood, and sleep disturbance. Pharmacological treatments have modest efficacy and are associated with negative side effects, and alternative approaches are needed. Morning bright light treatment may assist in the management of fibromyalgia as it can reduce depressive symptoms, improve sleep, and advance circadian timing. METHODS Sixty people with fibromyalgia (58 women, mean age 41.8 ± 13.3 years) were enrolled in a study comparing 4 weeks of a 1-hour daily morning bright light treatment (active treatment) to a morning dim light treatment (comparison treatment). Both light treatments included behavioral procedures to stabilize sleep timing. The morning bright light treatment was expected to produce larger improvements in pain and function than the dim light treatment and larger improvements in potential mediators (mood, sleep, and circadian timing). RESULTS Both the bright and dim light treatment groups achieved significant but similar levels of improvement in pain intensity, pain interference, physical function, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance. Overall, the sample on average displayed a clinically meaningful improvement in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised score (mean reduction of 11.2 points), comparable to that reported following physical exercise treatments. Minimal side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that the effects of a morning bright light treatment did not exceed those of a comparison dim light treatment; yet the changes on average in both conditions revealed clinically meaningful improvements. Future research is warranted to identify what elements of this trial may have contributed to the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Sonal Bahl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Katelyn Wilensky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Emily Spence
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Riley J Jouppi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Muneer Rizvydeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Cathy Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - John W Burns
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Marzougui H, Turki M, Ben Dhia I, Maaloul R, Chaker H, Makhlouf R, Agrebi I, Kammoun K, Jamoussi K, Ayadi F, Ben Hmida M, Hammouda O. Melatonin intake before intradialytic exercise reverses oxidative stress and improves antioxidant status in hemodialysis patients. Int J Artif Organs 2023; 46:264-273. [PMID: 37051719 DOI: 10.1177/03913988231165324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate for the first time the effects of melatonin (MEL) intake on oxidative stress and cellular damage during intradialytic exercise (IEX). METHODS Thirteen hemodialysis (HD) patients volunteered to participate in the current randomized crossover trial. Participants performed four HD sessions in four different conditions: (Exercise (EX)-MEL), (EX-Placebo (PLA)), (Control (C)-MEL), and (C-PLA). 3 mg of MEL or PLA were taken 60 min before starting exercise, or at the equivalent time in the C conditions. Blood samples were taken before HD (T0), immediately after the end of IEX (T1), 60 min after IEX (T2), or at the corresponding times in the C conditions to measure free radicals damage, antioxidant biomarkers, as well as biomarkers of muscle and liver damage. RESULTS Malondialdehyde and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products decreased in (C-MEL) (p < 0.05, d = 2.19; p < 0.01, d = 0.99, respectively) at T2 compared to T0. Catalase and total thiol levels increased in (C-MEL) (p < 0.01, d = 1.51; p < 0.01, d = 1.56, respectively) and in (EX-MEL) (p = 0.01, d = 1.28; p < 0.01, d = 1.52, respectively) at T1 compared to T0. Total bilirubin levels increased in (EX-MEL) and (C-MEL) at T2 compared to T0 (p < 0.001, d = 2.77; p < 0.001, d = 1.36, respectively), but only at T2 compared to T1 in (EX-MEL) (p < 0.001, d = 1.67). In all conditions, uric acid levels decreased at T1 compared to T0 and at T2 compared to T1, while biomarkers of muscle and liver damage remained unchanged. CONCLUSION This pilot study is the first to show that MEL ingestion, alone or combined with IEX, could improve oxidant-antioxidant balance during HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Marzougui
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biochemistry Department, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ben Dhia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rami Maaloul
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Chaker
- Nephrology Department, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Renal Pathology, LR19ES11, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax,Tunisia
| | - Rihab Makhlouf
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biochemistry Department, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Agrebi
- Nephrology Department, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Renal Pathology, LR19ES11, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax,Tunisia
| | - Khawla Kammoun
- Nephrology Department, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Renal Pathology, LR19ES11, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax,Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Biochemistry Department, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biochemistry Department, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Hmida
- Nephrology Department, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Renal Pathology, LR19ES11, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax,Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
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De Tollenaere M, Chapuis E, Martinez J, Paulus C, Dupont J, Don Simoni E, Robe P, Sennelier-Portet B, Auriol D, Scandolera A, Reynaud R. Gardenia jasminoides Extract, with a Melatonin-like Activity, Protects against Digital Stress and Reverses Signs of Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054948. [PMID: 36902379 PMCID: PMC10003113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital stress is a newly identified cosmetic stress that is mainly characterized by blue light exposure. The effects of this stress have become increasingly important with the emergence of personal digital devices, and its deleterious effects on the body are now well-known. Blue light has been observed to cause perturbation of the natural melatonin cycle and skin damage similar to that from UVA exposure, thus leading to premature aging. "A melatonin-like ingredient" was discovered in the extract of Gardenia jasminoides, which acts as a filter against blue light and as a melatonin-like ingredient to prevent and stop premature aging. The extract showed significant protective effects on the mitochondrial network of primary fibroblasts, a significant decrease of -86% in oxidized proteins on skin explants, and preservation of the natural melatonin cycle in the co-cultures of sensory neurons and keratinocytes. Upon analysis using in silico methods, only the crocetin form, released through skin microbiota activation, was found to act as a melatonin-like molecule by interacting with the MT1-receptor, thus confirming its melatonin-like properties. Finally, clinical studies revealed a significant decrease in wrinkle number of -21% in comparison to the placebo. The extract showed strong protection against blue light damage and the prevention of premature aging through its melatonin-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane De Tollenaere
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Emilie Chapuis
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Jessy Martinez
- R&D Department, Naturex France Avignon (Givaudan), 250 Rue Pierre Bayle, 84140 Avignon, France
| | - Chantal Paulus
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Joran Dupont
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Eglantine Don Simoni
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Robe
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Daniel Auriol
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Amandine Scandolera
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Romain Reynaud
- R&D Department, Givaudan France SAS, Bâtiment Canal Biotech 1, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Swanson LM, Raglan GB. Circadian Interventions as Adjunctive Therapies to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:21-30. [PMID: 36764783 PMCID: PMC10015491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system plays a key role in the sleep-wake cycle. A mismatch between the behavioral timing of sleep and the circadian timing of sleepiness/alertness can contribute to insomnia. Patients who report primarily difficulty falling asleep or early morning awakenings may benefit from circadian interventions administered adjunctively to cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia. Specific circadian interventions that clinicians may consider include bright light therapy, scheduled dim light, blue-blocking glasses, and melatonin. Implementation of these interventions differs depending on the patient's insomnia subtype. Further, careful attention must be paid to the timing of these interventions to ensure they are administered correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Swanson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Greta B Raglan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Swisher V, Tooker M, Qu C, Burgess HJ, Coles ME, Bennett S, Piacentini J, Colwell CS, Ricketts EJ. Sleep Disorders, Sleep Medication Use, and Predictors of Sleep Disturbance in Children with Persistent Tic Disorders. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2023; 53:23-40. [PMID: 38435344 PMCID: PMC10904019 DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2023.2175682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined rates of sleep disorders and sleep medication use, and predictors of sleep disturbance in children with persistent tic disorders (PTD). Sixty-three parents of children aged 10 to 17 years with PTDs completed an internet survey evaluating sleep patterns and clinical symptoms. Insomnia (19.4%), nightmares (16.1%), and bruxism (13.1%) were the most commonly reported lifetime sleep disorders. Fifty-two percent endorsed current sleep medication use. Higher ADHD severity, overall life impairment, and female sex predicted greater sleep disturbance. Findings suggest the utility of clinical management of co-occurring ADHD and impairment to mitigate sleep disturbance in children with PTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Swisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Maya Tooker
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Christine Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University
| | | | | | - Shannon Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - John Piacentini
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Christopher S. Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Emily J. Ricketts
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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Crowley SJ, Velez SL, Killen LG, Cvengros JA, Fogg LF, Eastman CI. Extending weeknight sleep of delayed adolescents using weekend morning bright light and evening time management. Sleep 2023; 46:zsac202. [PMID: 36006948 PMCID: PMC9832518 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Shift sleep onset earlier and extend school-night sleep duration of adolescents. METHODS Forty-six adolescents (14.5-17.9 years; 24 females) with habitual short sleep (≤7 h) and late bedtimes (≥23:00) on school nights slept as usual for 2 weeks (baseline). Then, there were three weekends and two sets of five weekdays in between. Circadian phase (Dim Light Melatonin Onset, DLMO) was measured in the laboratory on the first and third weekend. On weekdays, the "Intervention" group gradually advanced school-night bedtime (1 h earlier than baseline during week 1; 2 h earlier than baseline during week 2). Individualized evening time management plans ("Sleep RouTeen") were developed to facilitate earlier bedtimes. On the second weekend, Intervention participants received bright light (~6000 lux; 2.5 h) on both mornings. A control group completed the first and third weekend but not the second. They slept as usual and had no evening time management plan. Weekday sleep onset time and duration were derived from actigraphy. RESULTS Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) advanced more in the Intervention (0.6 ± 0.8 h) compared to the Control (-0.1 ± 0.8 h) group. By week 2, the Intervention group fell asleep 1.5 ± 0.7 h earlier and sleep duration increased by 1.2 ± 0.7 h; sleep did not systematically change in the Control group. CONCLUSIONS This multi-pronged circadian-based intervention effectively increased school-night sleep duration for adolescents reporting chronic sleep restriction. Adolescents with early circadian phases may only need a time management plan, whereas those with later phases probably need both time management and morning bright light. CLINICAL TRIALS Teen School-Night Sleep Extension: An Intervention Targeting the Circadian System (#NCT04087603): https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04087603.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Crowley
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Sabrina L Velez
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Logan G Killen
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Jamie A Cvengros
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Louis F Fogg
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Charmane I Eastman
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
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Hassan E, Magdy S, Attaallah A, Gaber E, Mansour O, Gomaa RA, Odessy H, Augustyniak M, El-Samad LM, El Wakil A. Silk sericin alleviates aberrant photoperiod-induced alterations in testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis in adult mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:158. [PMID: 36401334 PMCID: PMC9673413 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroidogenesis is a complex process of sequential enzymatic reactions affected by climate change. Animals respond to altered day length, the so-called photoperiod, with changes in physiology. The study aimed to an evaluation of sericin effect in alleviating steroidogenesis disorders induced by disturbed photoperiod in mice. METHODS The animals were randomly divided into three groups according to the lighting cycle: a control group with a standard 12Light:12Dark cycle, a short-term photoperiod group with a 6Light:18Dark cycle, and a long-term photoperiod group with an 18Light:6Dark cycle. Both short and long-term groups were subdivided into two equal subgroups: The placebo and the sericin-treated subgroups received, for five weeks from prepubertal throughout adulthood, one intraperitoneal injection per week of the solvent and 1 g sericin/kg body weight, respectively. RESULTS Selected oxidative stress parameters and testicular and adrenal steroidogenic capacities of adult mice were measured. After five weeks, the placebo group with impaired photoperiod showed a decrease in the quality and quantity of sperm and a reduction in testosterone, corticosterone, aldosterone, total antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase, and melatonin. At the same time, in these groups, there was an increase in the level of aromatase, malondialdehyde, cholesterol, and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) expression in the adrenal cortex and an enhancement in histological lesions. Mice receiving sericin had parameters similar to the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that silk sericin can reduce the stress caused by photoperiod disorders regarding testicular function, sex hormone levels, and sperm quantity and quality. Thus, sericin is a biocompatible protein with a promising potential for its use in the case of organisms living under an abnormal photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hassan
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shahinaz Magdy
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany Attaallah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Eman Gaber
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omnia Mansour
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Gomaa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala Odessy
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Hardeland R. Redox Biology of Melatonin: Discriminating Between Circadian and Noncircadian Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:704-725. [PMID: 35018802 PMCID: PMC9587799 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has not only to be seen as a regulator of circadian clocks. In addition to its chronobiotic functions, it displays other actions, especially in cell protection. This includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondria-protecting effects. Although protection is also modulated by the circadian system, the respective actions of melatonin can be distinguished and differ with regard to dose requirements in therapeutic settings. It is the aim of this article to outline these differences in terms of function, signaling, and dosage. Focus has been placed on both the nexus and the dissecting properties between circadian and noncircadian mechanisms. This has to consider details beyond the classic view of melatonin's role, such as widespread synthesis in extrapineal tissues, formation in mitochondria, effects on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and secondary signaling, for example, via upregulation of sirtuins and by regulating noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs. The relevance of these findings, the differences and connections between circadian and noncircadian functions of melatonin shed light on the regulation of inflammation, including macrophage/microglia polarization, damage-associated molecular patterns, avoidance of cytokine storms, and mitochondrial functions, with numerous consequences to antioxidative protection, that is, aspects of high actuality with regard to deadly viral and bacterial diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 704-725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Noh SG, Jung HJ, Kim S, Arulkumar R, Kim DH, Park D, Chung HY. Regulation of Circadian Genes Nr1d1 and Nr1d2 in Sex-Different Manners during Liver Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710032. [PMID: 36077427 PMCID: PMC9456386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circadian rhythm is associated with the aging process and sex differences; however, how age and sex can change circadian regulation systems remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate age- and sex-related changes in gene expression and identify sex-specific target molecules that can regulate aging. Methods: Rat livers were categorized into four groups, namely, young male, old male, young female, and old female, and the expression of several genes involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm was confirmed by in silico and in vitro studies. Results: Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses showed that the expression of genes related to circadian rhythms changed more in males than in females during liver aging. In addition, differentially expressed gene analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction/western blotting analysis revealed that Nr1d1 and Nr1d2 expression was upregulated in males during liver aging. Furthermore, the expression of other circadian genes, such as Arntl, Clock, Cry1/2, Per1/2, and Rora/c, decreased in males during liver aging; however, these genes showed various gene expression patterns in females during liver aging. Conclusions: Age-related elevation of Nr1d1/2 downregulates the expression of other circadian genes in males, but not females, during liver aging. Consequently, age-related upregulation of Nr1d1/2 may play a more crucial role in the change in circadian rhythms in males than in females during liver aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyun Noh
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Radha Arulkumar
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2814
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Burgess HJ, Emens JS. Drugs Used in Circadian Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disturbances. Sleep Med Clin 2022; 17:421-431. [PMID: 36150804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on melatonin and other melatonin receptor agonists and summarizes their circadian phase shifting and sleep-enhancing properties, along with their associated possible safety concerns. The circadian system and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders are described, along with the latest American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendations for the use of exogenous melatonin in treating them. In addition, the practical aspects of using exogenous melatonin obtainable over the counter in the United States, consideration of the effects of concomitant light exposure, and assessing treatment response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Burgess
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 425, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Emens
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 Southwest US Veterans Hospital, Road P3-PULM, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 Southwest US Veterans Hospital, Road P3-PULM, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Nogueira LFR, Crispim CA, Cipolla-Neto J, de Castro Moreno CR, Marqueze EC. The Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Eating Habits of Female Night Workers with Excessive Weight. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163420. [PMID: 36014925 PMCID: PMC9412377 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Melatonin is a pineal hormone that plays an important role as an endogenous synchronizer of circadian rhythms and energy metabolism. As this circadian component has been closely related to eating behavior, an important question on this topic would be whether melatonin administration could influence eating habits. However, this topic has been rarely studied in the literature in individuals with excessive weight and chronic circadian misalignment, such as shift workers. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of exogenous melatonin administration on the quali/quantitative aspects and temporal distribution of food intake in female night workers with excessive weight (overweight and obesity). An additional aim is to evaluate the association of the referred outcomes with circadian misalignment and chronotype. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted with 27 female nursing professionals with excessive weight who worked permanent night shifts. The protocol was implemented under real-life conditions for 24 weeks, in two randomly allocated conditions (12 weeks of melatonin and 12 weeks of placebo). The quali/quantitative aspects of food intake (NOVA classification, total energy intake and the proportion of calories from macronutrients) and meal timing were assessed using food diaries. Timing for every meal recorded in the diaries was assessed to evaluate the temporal distribution of food intake. Generalized estimating equations were performed for each dependent variable. Results: No significant modifications in total energy intake, macronutrient distribution, types of foods consumed, and meal timing were observed after melatonin administration. Different levels of circadian misalignment and chronotype did not interfere with these results. Conclusion: Eating habits of female night workers with excessive weight remained unchanged after melatonin administration, and no association of these results with circadian misalignment and chronotype was found. These results suggest that the metabolic effects of melatonin may occur independently of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Fidalgo Ramos Nogueira
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Graduate Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nébias 300, Vila Mathias, Santos 11015-001, Brazil
| | - Cibele Aparecida Crispim
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1524, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 16 Frescati Hagväg, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (C.R.d.C.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Elaine Cristina Marqueze
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Graduate Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nébias 300, Vila Mathias, Santos 11015-001, Brazil
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.R.d.C.M.); (E.C.M.)
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Ben Dhia I, Maaloul R, Marzougui H, Ghroubi S, Kallel C, Driss T, Elleuch MH, Ayadi F, Turki M, Hammouda O. Melatonin reduces muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress induced by exhaustive exercise in people with overweight/obesity. Physiol Int 2022; 109:78-89. [PMID: 35238798 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intense physical exercise leads to inflammation, oxidative stress and muscle damage, and these responses are of greater magnitude in people with obesity. Melatonin (MLT) is considered an endogenous antioxidant which may have beneficial effects against inflammation, oxidative stress and promote tissue repair after exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of MLT on inflammatory parameters, oxidative stress and muscle damage in people with overweight/obesity after a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). METHODS A total of 23 subjects with obesity (9 men and 14 women) age: 33.26 ± 9.81 years, BMI: 37.75 ± 8.87 kg.m-2 were randomized to participate in two experimental sessions: HIIE + Placebo and HIIE + MLT (3 mg). The HIIE protocol corresponds to 8 intervals of 1 min (90% of the maximal aerobic power (MAP)) alternating with 2 min recovery (45% of the MAP). Blood samples were drawn before and 5 min after each exercise session. RESULTS MLT ingestion attenuated the increase of inflammation (C-reactive protein, white blood cells (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.45; for both) and Neutrophils (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.36)) and hepatic and muscle damage (Aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.25), Alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.27) and Creatine kinase (P = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.23). MLT also attenuated the exercise induced lipid and protein peroxidation (i.e., Malondialdehyde (P = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.19) and AOPP (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.55)). Concerning the antioxidant status, MLT intake increased Thiol (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.26) and Catalase (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.32) and decreased Uric acid (P = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.2) and Total bilirubin (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS MLT intake before HIIE reduced muscle damage by modulating oxidative stress and preventing overexpression of the pro-inflammatory mediators in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Dhia
- 1 Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- 2 Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rami Maaloul
- 1 Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- 3 Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houssem Marzougui
- 1 Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- 3 Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ghroubi
- 2 Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Tarak Driss
- 5 Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Habib Elleuch
- 2 Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- 3 Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- 3 Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- 3 Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- 5 Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
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Lou L, Arumugam B, Hung LF, She Z, Beach KM, Smith EL, Ostrin LA. Long-Term Narrowband Lighting Influences Activity but Not Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell-Driven Pupil Responses. Front Physiol 2021; 12:711525. [PMID: 34393828 PMCID: PMC8358670 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.711525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Light affects a variety of non-image forming processes, such as circadian rhythm entrainment and the pupillary light reflex, which are mediated by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of long- and short-wavelength ambient lighting on activity patterns and pupil responses in rhesus monkeys. Methods: Infant rhesus monkeys were reared under either broadband "white" light (n = 14), long-wavelength "red" light (n = 20; 630 nm), or short-wavelength "blue" light (n = 21; 465 nm) on a 12-h light/dark cycle starting at 24.1 ± 2.6 days of age. Activity was measured for the first 4 months of the experimental period using a Fitbit activity tracking device and quantified as average step counts during the daytime (lights-on) and nighttime (lights-off) periods. Pupil responses to 1 s red (651 nm) and blue (456 nm) stimuli were measured after approximately 8 months. Pupil metrics included maximum constriction and the 6 s post-illumination pupil response (PIPR). Results: Activity during the lights-on period increased with age during the first 10 weeks (p < 0.001 for all) and was not significantly different for monkeys reared in white, red, or blue light (p = 0.07). Activity during the 12-h lights-off period was significantly greater for monkeys reared in blue light compared to those in white light (p = 0.02), but not compared to those in red light (p = 0.08). However, blue light reared monkeys exhibited significantly lower activity compared to both white and red light reared monkeys during the first hour of the lights-off period (p = 0.01 for both) and greater activity during the final hour of the lights-off period (p < 0.001 for both). Maximum pupil constriction and the 6 s PIPR to 1 s red and blue stimuli were not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Findings suggest that long-term exposure to 12-h narrowband blue light results in greater disruption in nighttime behavioral patterns compared to narrowband red light. Normal pupil responses measured later in the rearing period suggest that ipRGCs adapt after long-term exposure to narrowband lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiang Lou
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Baskar Arumugam
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Li-Fang Hung
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States,Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhihui She
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Krista M. Beach
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Earl L. Smith
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States,Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa A. Ostrin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Lisa A. Ostrin,
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Honn KA. 24 th international symposium on shiftwork and working time: innovations in research and practice improving shiftworker health & safety. Chronobiol Int 2021; 37:1273-1282. [PMID: 33957058 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1831719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Honn
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Kurhaluk N, Tkachenko H, Lukash O. Photoperiod-induced alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress and biochemical pathways in rats of different ages: Focus on individual physiological reactivity. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1673-1691. [PMID: 34121553 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1939364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects of photoperiodicity caused by both the age and individual physiological reactivity estimated by resistance to hypobaric hypoxia on the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation (aldehydic and ketonic derivatives), total antioxidant capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase), and biochemical parameters of aerobic and anaerobic pathways in hepatic tissue depending on the blood melatonin level were studied. The study was carried out on 96 6- and 21-month-old male rats divided into hypoxia resistance groups (LR, low resistance, HR, high resistance). The analyses were conducted at four photoperiods: winter (January), spring (March), summer (July), and autumn (October). Our results indicate a significant effect of melatonin, i.e. over 80%, revealed by the complete statistical model of the studied biomarkers of oxidative stress and oxygen-dependent parameters of metabolism. The effects of melatonin vary with age and between photoperiods, which in turn was determined by individual physiological reactivity. In terms of the photoperiods, the melatonin content in the group of the adult animals with low resistance to hypoxia decreased from winter to summer. In a group of old animals in comparison with adults, the melatonin content in all the studied photoperiods was much lower as well, regardless of their hypoxia resistance. In the group of old animals with low resistance to hypoxia, the melatonin content decreased throughout the photoperiods as follows: winter, autumn, summer, and spring. As can be concluded, spring is a critical period for old animals, particularly those with low hypoxia resistance. The important role of melatonin in these processes was also confirmed by our correlation analysis between oxidative stress biomarkers, energy-related metabolites, and antioxidant enzymes in the hepatic tissue of rats of different ages, with different resistance to hypoxia, and in different photoperiods. The melatonin concentration in the blood of highly resistant rats was higher than in those with low resistance to hypoxia. Melatonin determines the individual constitutional level of resistance to hypoxia and is responsible for individual enzymatic antioxidative responses, depending on the four photoperiods. Our studies have shown that melatonin levels are related to the redox characteristics of antioxidant defenses against lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in old rats with low resistance to hypoxia, compared to a group of highly resistant adults. Finally, the melatonin-related mechanisms of antioxidative protection depend on metabolic processes in hepatic tissue and exhibit photoperiodical variability in adult and old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Halyna Tkachenko
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Lukash
- Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, T.G. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Collegium", Chernihiv, Ukraine
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Groth B, Venkatakrishnan P, Lin SJ. NAD + Metabolism, Metabolic Stress, and Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:686412. [PMID: 34095234 PMCID: PMC8171187 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.686412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential metabolite with wide-ranging and significant roles in the cell. Defects in NAD+ metabolism have been associated with many human disorders; it is therefore an emerging therapeutic target. Moreover, NAD+ metabolism is perturbed during colonization by a variety of pathogens, either due to the molecular mechanisms employed by these infectious agents or by the host immune response they trigger. Three main biosynthetic pathways, including the de novo and salvage pathways, contribute to the production of NAD+ with a high degree of conservation from bacteria to humans. De novo biosynthesis, which begins with l-tryptophan in eukaryotes, is also known as the kynurenine pathway. Intermediates of this pathway have various beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular health in different contexts. For example, dysregulation of this pathway is linked to neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. Activation of the de novo pathway is also implicated in various infections and inflammatory signaling. Given the dynamic flexibility and multiple roles of NAD+ intermediates, it is important to understand the interconnections and cross-regulations of NAD+ precursors and associated signaling pathways to understand how cells regulate NAD+ homeostasis in response to various growth conditions. Although regulation of NAD+ homeostasis remains incompletely understood, studies in the genetically tractable budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae may help provide some molecular basis for how NAD+ homeostasis factors contribute to the maintenance and regulation of cellular function and how they are regulated by various nutritional and stress signals. Here we present a brief overview of recent insights and discoveries made with respect to the relationship between NAD+ metabolism and selected human disorders and infections, with a particular focus on the de novo pathway. We also discuss how studies in budding yeast may help elucidate the regulation of NAD+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Groth
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Padmaja Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Su-Ju Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Duffy JF, Abbott SM, Burgess HJ, Crowley SJ, Emens JS, Epstein LJ, Gamble KL, Hasler BP, Kristo DA, Malkani RG, Rahman SA, Thomas SJ, Wyatt JK, Zee PC, Klerman EB. Workshop report. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: gaps and opportunities. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa281. [PMID: 33582815 PMCID: PMC8120340 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This White Paper presents the results from a workshop cosponsored by the Sleep Research Society (SRS) and the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms (SRBR) whose goals were to bring together sleep clinicians and sleep and circadian rhythm researchers to identify existing gaps in diagnosis and treatment and areas of high-priority research in circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWD). CRSWD are a distinct class of sleep disorders caused by alterations of the circadian time-keeping system, its entrainment mechanisms, or a misalignment of the endogenous circadian rhythm and the external environment. In these disorders, the timing of the primary sleep episode is either earlier or later than desired, irregular from day-to-day, and/or sleep occurs at the wrong circadian time. While there are incomplete and insufficient prevalence data, CRSWD likely affect at least 800,000 and perhaps as many as 3 million individuals in the United States, and if Shift Work Disorder and Jet Lag are included, then many millions more are impacted. The SRS Advocacy Taskforce has identified CRSWD as a class of sleep disorders for which additional high-quality research could have a significant impact to improve patient care. Participants were selected for their expertise and were assigned to one of three working groups: Phase Disorders, Entrainment Disorders, and Other. Each working group presented a summary of the current state of the science for their specific CRSWD area, followed by discussion from all participants. The outcome of those presentations and discussions are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sabra M Abbott
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan S Emens
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Lawrence J Epstein
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David A Kristo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Roneil G Malkani
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S Justin Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - James K Wyatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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22
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Mendt S, Brauns K, Friedl-Werner A, Belavy DL, Steinach M, Schlabs T, Werner A, Gunga HC, Stahn AC. Long-Term Bed Rest Delays the Circadian Phase of Core Body Temperature. Front Physiol 2021; 12:658707. [PMID: 34040542 PMCID: PMC8141791 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.658707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight can be associated with sleep loss and circadian misalignment as a result of non-24 h light-dark cycles, operational shifts in work/rest cycles, high workload under pressure, and psychological factors. Head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) is an established model to mimic some of the physiological and psychological adaptions observed in spaceflight. Data on the effects of HDBR on circadian rhythms are scarce. To address this gap, we analyzed the change in the circadian rhythm of core body temperature (CBT) in two 60-day HDBR studies sponsored by the European Space Agency [n = 13 men, age: 31.1 ± 8.2 years (M ± SD)]. CBT was recorded for 36 h using a non-invasive and validated dual-sensor heatflux technology during the 3rd and the 8th week of HDBR. Bed rest induced a significant phase delay from the 3rd to the 8th week of HDBR (16.23 vs. 16.68 h, p = 0.005, g = 0.85) irrespective of the study site (p = 0.416, g = −0.46), corresponding to an average phase delay of about 0.9 min per day of HDBR. In conclusion, long-term bed rest weakens the entrainment of the circadian system to the 24-h day. We attribute this effect to the immobilization and reduced physical activity levels associated with HDBR. Given the critical role of diurnal rhythms for various physiological functions and behavior, our findings highlight the importance of monitoring circadian rhythms in circumstances in which gravity or physical activity levels are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mendt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Brauns
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friedl-Werner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,INSERM U 1075 COMETE, Université de Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Daniel L Belavy
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Steinach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schlabs
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Werner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Air Force - Centre of Aerospace Medicine, Aviation Physiology Training Centre, Aviation Physiology Diagnostic and Research, Königsbrück, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander C Stahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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Detection of melatonin-onset in real settings via wearable sensors and artificial intelligence. A pilot study. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Influence of Circadian Rhythm in the Eye: Significance of Melatonin in Glaucoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030340. [PMID: 33668357 PMCID: PMC7996162 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm and the molecules involved in it, such as melanopsin and melatonin, play an important role in the eye to regulate the homeostasis and even to treat some ocular conditions. As a result, many ocular pathologies like dry eye, corneal wound healing, cataracts, myopia, retinal diseases, and glaucoma are affected by this cycle. This review will summarize the current scientific literature about the influence of circadian patterns on the eye, focusing on its relationship with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations and glaucoma. Regarding treatments, two ways should be studied: the first one, to analyze if some treatments could improve their effect on the ocular disease when their posology is established in function of circadian patterns, and the second one, to evaluate new drugs to treat eye pathologies related to the circadian rhythm, as it has been stated with melatonin or its analogs, that not only could be used as the main treatment but as coadjutant, improving the circadian pattern or its antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties.
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25
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Feder MA, Baroni A. Just Let Me Sleep in: Identifying and Treating Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder in Adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2021; 30:159-174. [PMID: 33223060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) are unable to naturally fall asleep and awake at conventional times; for this reason, DSPD is often mistaken for insomnia. However, unlike many patients with insomnia, those with DSPD struggle to get up at appropriate times. DSPD is associated with school refusal, academic difficulties, and lower employment rate. DSPD in youth has prevalence as high as 16%, and is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Treatments include appropriate light exposure during the day, melatonin use, developing an evening routine that minimizes arousal-increasing activities, and gradually shifting sleep-wake times toward more functional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Feder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, NYC H+H/Bellevue, New York, NY, USA; Child Study Center, One Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Argelinda Baroni
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, NYC H+H/Bellevue, New York, NY, USA; Child Study Center, One Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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26
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Pevet P, Challet E, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. Melatonin and the circadian system: Keys for health with a focus on sleep. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:331-343. [PMID: 34225973 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT), secreted during the night by the pineal gland, is an efferent hormonal signal of the master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Consequently, it is a reliable phase marker of the SCN clock. If one defines as "chronobiotic," a drug able to influence the phase and/or the period of the circadian clock, MLT is a very potent one. The most convincing data obtained so far come from studies on totally blind individuals. Exogenous MLT administered daily entrains the sleep-wake cycle of these individuals to a 24-h cycle. MLT, however, is not essential to sleep. In nocturnally, active mammals, MLT is released during the night concomitantly with the daily period of wakefulness. Therefore, MLT cannot be simply considered as a sleep hormone, but rather as a signal of darkness. Its role in the circadian system is to reinforce nighttime physiology, including timing of the sleep-wake cycle and other circadian rhythms. MLT exerts its effects on the sleep cycle especially by a direct action on the master circadian clock. The sleep-wake cycle is depending not only on the circadian clock but also on an orchestrated network of different centers in the brain. Thus, the control of sleep-wake rhythm might be explained by a parallel and concomitant action of MLT on the master clock (chronobiotic effect) and on sleep-related structures within the brain. MLT acts through two high-affinity membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2) with striking differences in their distribution pattern. MLT is a powerful synchronizer of human circadian rhythms, thus justifying the use of MLT and MLT agonists in clinical medicine as pharmacological tools to manipulate the sleep-wake cycle, and to treat sleep disorders and other circadian disorders. Available MLT analogs/drugs are all nonspecific MT1/MT2 agonists. The development of new ligands which are highly selectivity for each subtype is clearly a new challenge for the field and will be at the root of new therapeutic agents for curing specific pathologies, including sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Pevet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Evans SL, Norbury R. Associations between diurnal preference, impulsivity and substance use in a young-adult student sample. Chronobiol Int 2020; 38:79-89. [PMID: 33143487 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1810063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A diurnal preference for eveningness is common in young adulthood and previous research has associated eveningness with anxiety symptoms as well as increased smoking and alcohol use behaviors. There is some evidence that impulsivity might be an important explanatory variable in these associations, but this has not been comprehensively researched. Here we used both subjective and objective measures of impulsivity to characterize impulsive tendencies in young adults and investigated whether trait impulsivity or trait anxiety could mediate the link between eveningness and substance use. A total of 191 university students (169 females), age range 18-25 y, completed the study. Diurnal preference, sleep quality, anxiety, impulsivity, and substance use were assessed by questionnaire. Impulsivity was also measured using a delay discounting task. Eveningness correlated with trait anxiety and trait impulsivity, and these associations were still significant after controlling for sleep quality. On the delayed discounting task, eveningness correlated with a tendency to prefer smaller immediate rewards over delayed, larger ones. Evening types also reported higher levels of alcohol and cigarette use even after controlling for sleep quality. These associations were found to be completely mediated by self-reported impulsivity; anxiety did not contribute. The current results could help inform interventions aiming to reduce substance use in young adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon L Evans
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey , Surrey, UK
| | - Ray Norbury
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Division of Psychology, Brunel University London , London, UK
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28
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Abstract
This article focuses on melatonin and other melatonin receptor agonists, and specifically their circadian phase shifting and sleep-enhancing properties. The circadian system and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders are briefly reviewed, followed by a summary of the circadian phase shifting, sleep-enhancing properties, and possible safety concerns associated with melatonin and other melatonin receptor agonists. The recommended use of melatonin, including dose and timing, in the latest American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines for the treatment of intrinsic circadian rhythm disorders is also reviewed. Lastly, the practical aspects of treatment and consideration of clinical treatment outcomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Burgess
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 425, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Emens
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 Southwest US Veterans Hospital, Road P3-PULM, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 Southwest US Veterans Hospital, Road P3-PULM, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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29
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Bhatwadekar AD, Rameswara V. Circadian rhythms in diabetic retinopathy: an overview of pathogenesis and investigational drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1431-1442. [PMID: 33107770 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1842872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythm is a natural endogenous process occurring roughly every 24 hours. Circadian rhythm dysfunction is involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. Interestingly, there are investigational drugs that exhibit potential in the treatment of DR by targeting circadian rhythm dysfunction. AREAS COVERED We performed a literature search in June 2020 using PubMed's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms 'circadian clock,' 'circadian rhythms,' and 'diabetic retinopathy.' This article offers an overview of the physiology of the biological clock and clock regulatory genes and presents an examination of the retinal clock. It discusses the pathogenic mechanisms of DR and emphasizes how circadian rhythm dysfunction at structural, physiological, metabolic and cellular levels, plays a critical role in the development of DR. The latter part of the paper sheds light on those investigational drugs (such as melatonin, tasimelteon and metformin) which exhibit potential in the treatment of DR by the targeting of circadian rhythm dysfunction. EXPERT OPINION An enhanced understanding of circadian rhythm and its role in DR could offer therapeutic potential by targeting of circadian rhythm dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashay D Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute , Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Varun Rameswara
- Indiana University School of Medicine. Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, USA
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30
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Nuszkiewicz J, Woźniak A, Szewczyk-Golec K. Ionizing Radiation as a Source of Oxidative Stress-The Protective Role of Melatonin and Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5804. [PMID: 32823530 PMCID: PMC7460937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) has found widespread application in modern medicine, including medical imaging and radiotherapy. As a result, both patients and healthcare professionals are exposed to various IR doses. To minimize the negative side effects of radiation associated with oxidative imbalance, antioxidant therapy has been considered. In this review, studies on the effects of melatonin and vitamin D on radiation-induced oxidative stress are discussed. According to the research data, both substances meet the conditions for use as agents that protect humans against IR-induced tissue damage. Numerous studies have confirmed that melatonin, a hydro- and lipophilic hormone with strong antioxidant properties, can potentially be used as a radioprotectant in humans. Less is known about the radioprotective effects of vitamin D, but the results to date have been promising. Deficiencies in melatonin and vitamin D are common in modern societies and may contribute to the severity of adverse side effects of medical IR exposure. Hence, supporting supplementation with both substances seems to be of first importance. Interestingly, both melatonin and vitamin D have been found to selectively radiosensitise cancer cells, which makes them promising adjuvants in radiotherapy. More research is needed in this area, especially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | | | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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31
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Romo-Nava F, Blom TJ, Guerdjikova A, Winham SJ, Cuellar-Barboza AB, Nunez NA, Singh B, Biernacka JM, Frye MA, McElroy SL. Evening chronotype, disordered eating behavior, and poor dietary habits in bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 142:58-65. [PMID: 32335894 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between evening chronotype, a proxy marker of circadian system dysfunction, and disordered eating behavior and poor dietary habits in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 783 adults with BD. Chronotype was determined using item 5 from the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. The Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS) and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Shortened Version (REAP-S) were used to assess disordered eating behavior and dietary habits respectively. General linear models and logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate differences between chronotype groups. RESULTS Two hundred and eight (27%) BD participants self-identified as having evening chronotypes. Compared to non-evening types, evening types were younger (P < 0.01) and, after controlling for age, had higher mean EDDS composite z-scores (P < 0.01); higher rates of binge-eating (BE) behavior (P = 0.04), bulimia nervosa (P < 0.01), and nocturnal eating binges (P < 0.01); and a higher body mass index (P = 0.04). Compared to non-evening types, evening chronotypes had a lower REAP-S overall score (P < 0.01) and scored lower on the 'healthy foods' and 'avoidance of unhealthy food' factors. Evening types also skipped breakfast more often (P < 0.01), ate less fruit (P = 0.02) and vegetables (P = 0.04), and consumed more fried foods (P < 0.01), unhealthy snacks (P = 0.02), and soft drinks (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the circadian system plays a role in the disordered eating and unhealthy dietary behaviors observed in BD patients. The circadian system may therefore represent a therapeutic target in BD-associated morbidity that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Romo-Nava
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - T J Blom
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Guerdjikova
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A B Cuellar-Barboza
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - N A Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B Singh
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J M Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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32
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Han Y, Wu J, Qin Z, Fu W, Zhao B, Li X, Wang W, Sha T, Sun M, Li J, Zeng Z, Chen Z. Melatonin and its analogues for the prevention of postoperative delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12644. [PMID: 32145098 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether melatonin and its analogues prevent postoperative delirium (POD). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of melatonin and its analogues on POD prevention. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched. Primary outcome was the incidence of POD. Six randomized controlled trials, 2 cohort studies and 1 case-control study were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed that melatonin and its analogue ramelteon decreased the incidence of POD in the entire adult surgical population (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.84, P = .01). When administered at a higher dose (5 mg), melatonin was effective in reducing the POD incidence (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.20-0.52, P < .00001). Melatonin administered less than 5 elimination half-lives before the surgery significantly reduced the POD incidence (OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.19-0.49, P < .00001). Current literature supports the effectiveness of melatonin and its analogue ramelteon in POD prevention. However, the present study was limited by the significant heterogeneity of the included studies. More studies are needed to ascertain the preventive effect of melatonin and its analogues on the incidence of delirium after cardiac and noncardiac surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaisheng Qin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingcheng Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Northwest University for Nationalities, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sha
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maomao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Iwan P, Stepniak J, Karbownik-Lewinska M. Melatonin reduces high levels of lipid peroxidation induced by potassium iodate in porcine thyroid. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:271-277. [PMID: 31842692 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Under normal iodine supply, calculated physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid is approx. 9 mM. Either potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3) are used in iodine prophylaxis. KI is confirmed as absolutely safe. KIO3 possesses chemical properties suggesting its potential toxicity. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Study aims: to evaluate potential protective effects of melatonin against oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) induced by KI or KIO3 in porcine thyroid. Homogenates of twenty four (24) thyroids were incubated in presence of either KI or KIO3 without/with melatonin (5 mM). As melatonin was not effective against KI-induced LPO, in the next step only KIO3 was used. Homogenates were incubated in presence of KIO3 (200; 100; 50; 25; 20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 2.5; 1.25 mM) without/with melatonin or 17ß-estradiol. Five experiments were performed with different concentrations of melatonin (5.0; 2.5; 1.25; 1.0; 0.625 mM) and one with 17ß-estradiol (1.0 mM). Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. KIO3 increased LPO with the strongest damaging effect (MDA + 4-HDA level: ≈1.28 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) revealed at concentrations of around 15 mM, thus corresponding to physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid. Melatonin reduced LPO (MDA + 4-HDA levels: from ≈0.97 to ≈0,76 and from ≈0,64 to ≈0,49 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) induced by KIO3 at concentrations of 10 mM or 7.5 mM. Conclusion: Melatonin can reduce very strong oxidative damage to membrane lipids caused by KIO3 used in doses resulting in physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Iwan
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Stepniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes key findings linking insomnia, short sleep duration, and cardiovascular health. RECENT FINDINGS Early studies associations between insomnia with short sleep and cardiovascular disease Recent studies have incorporated objective data to assess sleep and identify comorbid sleep disorders (e.g. sleep apnea). Use of objective metrics has facilitated understanding of the impacts of insufficient sleep on autonomic dysregulation, metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease and overall cardiovascular mortality. Emerging research suggests treatment of insomnia (CBT-I) may be beneficial in terms of reducing cardiovascular disease risk. SUMMARY From short term effects on the autonomic nervous system to lasting effects on metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease, there is growing evidence to support a physiologic pathway by which insomnia with short sleep contributes to cardiovascular disease. More research is needed to understand the effect of insomnia treatment on cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Martin
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, 16111 Plummer St #200, North Hills, CA 91343
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Chronotherapeutics: Recognizing the Importance of Timing Factors in the Treatment of Disease and Sleep Disorders. Clin Neuropharmacol 2019; 42:80-87. [PMID: 31082833 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the characteristics of a number of pathologies, which are considered from the point of view of chronobiology, that is, the way in which biological processes are expressed throughout the 24-hour day. This perspective is a relatively new way of thinking about disease and additionally about how to treat diseases. It has called attention to the importance of not only the quantity of a drug that is administered but also when it is administered. In addition, the review presents an overview of the emerging clinical strategies known as chronotherapeutics, that is, the effects of the daily scheduling of drug administration and the consequences of the activity and efficacy of therapies that are applied in this manner. This article also reviews innovative ways in which physicians are applying time-specified drug treatment (chronopharmacology) for sleep disorders. Here, we present a systematic description of chronopharmacology as well as definitions of key terms that, we believe, will be helpful for newcomers to the field. It is hoped that greater awareness of this new perspective on pharmacology will promote its adoption by researchers and clinicians.
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Klosen P, Lapmanee S, Schuster C, Guardiola B, Hicks D, Pevet P, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors are expressed in nonoverlapping neuronal populations. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12575. [PMID: 30937953 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) exerts its physiological effects principally through two high-affinity membrane receptors MT1 and MT2. Understanding the exact mechanism of MLT action necessitates the use of highly selective agonists/antagonists to stimulate/inhibit a given MLT receptor. The respective distribution of MT1 and MT2 within the CNS and elsewhere is controversial, and here we used a "knock-in" strategy replacing MT1 or MT2 coding sequences with a LacZ reporter. The data show striking differences in the distribution of MT1 and MT2 receptors in the mouse brain: whereas the MT1 subtype was expressed in very few structures (notably including the suprachiasmatic nucleus and pars tuberalis), MT2 subtype receptors were identified within numerous brain regions including the olfactory bulb, forebrain, hippocampus, amygdala and superior colliculus. Co-expression of the two subtypes was observed in very few structures, and even within these areas they were rarely present in the same individual cell. In conclusion, the expression and distribution of MT2 receptors are much more widespread than previously thought, and there is virtually no correspondence between MT1 and MT2 cellular expression. The precise phenotyping of cells/neurons containing MT1 or MT2 receptor subtypes opens new perspectives for the characterization of links between MLT brain targets, MLT actions and specific MLT receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Klosen
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarawut Lapmanee
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - David Hicks
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Pevet
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Li R, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li Z, Fang M. Simultaneous Quantification of Seven Constituents from Zaoren Anshen Prescription and Four Endogenic Components in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-TSQ-MS/MS and the Application of the Correlation Study. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:855-863. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | | | - Zhuo Li
- Xi’an Institute for Food and Drug Control
| | - Minfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore the evidence for using exogenous melatonin in the treatment of sleep disorders, both primary and secondary, in children and adults. RECENT FINDINGS A number of recently published meta-analyses have shown that there is evidence for the efficacy of exogenously administered melatonin in a number of sleep disorders. However, melatonin is likely to be prescribed largely for reasons of perceived minimal side-effect profile and very low cost in situations in which high-quality evidence for its usefulness is not forthcoming. SUMMARY There is evidence for the efficacy of melatonin in the management of insomnia and some intrinsic disorders of circadian rhythm in adults and children as well as in reducing sleep onset latency in jet-lag and shift work disorder in adults. Melatonin is used routinely in the treatment of rapid-eye movement sleep-behaviour disorder despite limited trial evidence. Increasingly, dual melatonin receptor agonists are being trialled in a variety of sleep disorders. Long-term adverse effects are currently not fully identified.
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Saeed Y, Zee PC, Abbott SM. Clinical neurophysiology of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 161:369-380. [PMID: 31307614 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64142-7.00061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are the endogenous near-24-h oscillations in physiologic processes. In mammals the suprachiasmatic nucleus serves as the primary circadian pacemaker, and it maintains rhythmicity at a genetic level through a complex transcription-translation feedback loop of core circadian clock genes. The circadian clock is entrained to the environment through daily exposure to light and melatonin. Disruption of these endogenous rhythms or the ability to entrain to the surrounding environment results in the circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs). Patients with CRSWDs can present with either late sleep/wake times (delayed sleep-wake phase disorder), early sleep/wake times (advanced sleep-wake phase disorder), inconsistent sleep/wake times (irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder) or sleep-wake times that move progressively later each day (non-24-h sleep-wake rhythm disorder). Diagnosis of these disorders relies on the use of sleep logs and/or actigraphy to demonstrate the daily patterns of rest and activity. Treatment of the CRSWDs focuses on sleep hygiene and strategically timed light and melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumna Saeed
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Sabra M Abbott
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Abstract
This article focuses on melatonin and other melatonin receptor agonists, and specifically their circadian phase shifting and sleep-enhancing properties. The circadian system and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders are briefly reviewed, followed by a summary of the circadian phase shifting, sleep-enhancing properties, and possible safety concerns associated with melatonin and other melatonin receptor agonists. The recommended use of melatonin, including dose and timing, in the latest American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines for the treatment of intrinsic circadian rhythm disorders is also reviewed. Lastly, the practical aspects of treatment and consideration of clinical treatment outcomes are discussed.
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Wang T, Liu Y, Liu H, Li C, Wang Y. Auriculasin from Flemingia philippinensis roots shows good therapeutic indexes on hyperactive behavior in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1254-1259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
CME: Jet Lag Jetlag Abstract. Crossing several time zones by air travel leads to a temporary desynchronization of the internal clock with the external light/dark cycle. In the following jet lag occurs typically including difficulties falling asleep or waking up early as well as day-time sleepiness and significant reduction of wellbeing and fitness. To provide optimal medical advice, it is necessary to understand the human circadian rhythm and sleep-wake regulation. In consideration with additional information on travel plans, an approach to alleviate jet lag symptoms can be developed. This article addresses different supportive measures and advice on how to adjust to a new time zone and reduce jet lag symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stutz
- 1 Medical Services, Swiss International Air Lines Ltd., Zürich-Flughafen
| | - Angela Ensslin
- 1 Medical Services, Swiss International Air Lines Ltd., Zürich-Flughafen
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Cingi C, Emre IE, Muluk NB. Jetlag related sleep problems and their management: A review. Travel Med Infect Dis 2018; 24:59-64. [PMID: 29787851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We reviewed Jetlag, particularly in view of its effects on sleep and how it can be managed. METHODS The Proquest Central database of Kırıkkale University, PubMed and Google scholar were used while searching for the following key words: "Jetlag", "symptoms", "sleep", "melatonin" and "treatment". RESULTS Flight dysrhythmia, otherwise known as jetlag, is caused by flying globally over various time zones. Most passengers who fly over six or more different time zones generally require 4-6 days after travelling to resume their usual sleep patterns and to feel less lethargic during the day. Signs of jet lag can vary between debilitated awareness, insomnia, feeling tired during the day and frequent waking during the night. During the night our pineal glands excrete a hormone called melatonin; dim lights cause the continuation of excretion of these hormones whereas any exposure to bright lights stems the flow of release. Common precautionary measures are specific diets, bright lights and melatonin agonists (Ramelteon, Agomelatine). CONCLUSION Sleep issues derived from jetlag were found to be most common in passengers who flew through various time belts. Melatonin assumes a critical part in adjusting the body's circadian rhythms and has been utilized restoratively to re-establish irritated circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Cingi
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Ismet Emrah Emre
- Acıbadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nuray Bayar Muluk
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kirikkale, Turkey.
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Valdés-Tovar M, Estrada-Reyes R, Solís-Chagoyán H, Argueta J, Dorantes-Barrón AM, Quero-Chávez D, Cruz-Garduño R, Cercós MG, Trueta C, Oikawa-Sala J, Dubocovich ML, Benítez-King G. Circadian modulation of neuroplasticity by melatonin: a target in the treatment of depression. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3200-3208. [PMID: 29512136 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by changes in the emotional state. In particular, major depressive disorder is expected to have a worldwide prevalence of 20% in 2020, representing a huge socio-economic burden. Currently used antidepressant drugs have poor efficacy with only 30% of the patients in remission after the first line of treatment. Importantly, mood disorder patients present uncoupling of circadian rhythms. In this regard, melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine), an indolamine synthesized by the pineal gland during the night, contributes to synchronization of body rhythms with the environmental light/dark cycle. In this review, we describe evidence supporting antidepressant-like actions of melatonin related to the circadian modulation of neuroplastic changes in the hippocampus. We also present evidence for the role of melatonin receptors and their signalling pathways underlying modulatory effects in neuroplasticity. Finally, we briefly discuss the detrimental consequences of circadian disruption on neuroplasticity and mood disorders, due to the modern human lifestyle. Together, data suggest that melatonin's stimulation of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation is beneficial to patients with mood disorders. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Valdés-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosa Estrada-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Argueta
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana María Dorantes-Barrón
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Quero-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Cruz-Garduño
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Montserrat G Cercós
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Citlali Trueta
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julián Oikawa-Sala
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Gloria Benítez-King
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Pfeffer M, Korf HW, Wicht H. Synchronizing effects of melatonin on diurnal and circadian rhythms. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 258:215-221. [PMID: 28533170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the rhythmic secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland is driven by the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The robust nightly peak of melatonin secretion is an output signal of the circadian clock and is supposed to deliver the circadian message to the whole of the organism. Since the circadian system regulates many behavioral and physiological processes, its disruption by external (shift-work, jet-lag) or internal desynchronization (blindness, aging) causes many different health problems. Externally applied melatonin is used in humans as a chronobiotic drug to treat desynchronization and circadian disorders, and the success of these treatments does, at first glance, underline the supposed pivotal role of melatonin in the synchronization of the circadian system. On the other hand, pinealectomy in experimental animals and humans does not abolish their rhythms of rest and activity. Furthermore, mice with deficient melatoninergic systems neither display overt defects in their rhythmic behavior nor do they show obvious signs of disease susceptibility, let alone premature mortality. During the last years, our laboratory has investigated several mouse stains with intact or compromised internal melatonin signaling systems in order to better understand the physiological role of the melatoninergic system. These and other investigations which will be reviewed in the present contribution confirm the synchronizing effect of endogenous melatonin and the melatoninergic system. However, these effects are subtle. Thus melatonin does not appear as the master of internal synchronization, but as one component in a cocktail of synchronizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pfeffer
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie II, Fachbereich Medizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Horst-Werner Korf
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie II, Fachbereich Medizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Helmut Wicht
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie II, Fachbereich Medizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
The Melatonin (MLT), secreted rhythmically by the pineal, is an efferent hormonal signal of the circadian clock. MLT presents overall pleitropic effects but it is the role of MLT as a hormonal circadian signal which is the best documented. MLT-receptors are present in numerous structures/organs and the MLT is now considered as an endogenous synchronizer within the circadian system. The presence of MLT-receptors within the circadian clock, explains that exogenous MLT is a chronobiotic drug. Trials in humans, have confirmed the efficacy of MLT in circadian rhythm disorders. Subtypes of MLT-receptors have been characterized (MT1 and MT2). Striking differences are observed in the distribution pattern of these 2 subtypes. Up to now, MTL-analogues commercialized as drugs, are all non-specific MT1/MT2 agonists acting on the SCN. The development of new specific agonists/antagonists for both subtypes, the identification of the link between MLT target sites within different parts of the brain or the body and the association of specific MLT receptor subtypes and particular physiological effects open great therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pevet
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France.
| | - P Klosen
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France.
| | - M P Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France.
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence that sleep and circadian disruption can worsen the disease course in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sleep and circadian disruption are prevalent in society and are associated with worse outcomes in IBD. Emerging research suggests sleep and circadian disruption can impact key components in IBD disease flares, including intestinal permeability, translocation of bacterial endotoxins, intestinal dysbiosis, and proinflammatory cytokines. Much of this research has been conducted in animal models. There is a clear need for large randomized controlled trials in human patients with IBD, where the potential for chronotherapeutic strategies to improve disease course can be tested.
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Scholkmann F, Hafner T, Metz AJ, Wolf M, Wolf U. Effect of short-term colored-light exposure on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation, and systemic physiological activity. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:045005. [PMID: 29181427 PMCID: PMC5695650 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is not yet a comprehensive view of how the color of light affects the cerebral and systemic physiology in humans. The aim was to address this deficit through basic research. Since cerebral and systemic physiological parameters are likely to interact, it was necessary to establish an approach, which we have termed "systemic-physiology-augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS) neuroimaging." This multimodal approach measures the systemic and cerebral physiological response to exposure to light of different colors. In 14 healthy subjects (9 men, 5 women, age: [Formula: see text] years, range: 24 to 57 years) exposed to red, green, and blue light (10-min intermittent wide-field visual color stimulation; [Formula: see text] blocks of visual stimulation), brain hemodynamics and oxygenation were measured by fNIRS on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and visual cortex (VC) simultaneously, in addition with systemic parameters. This study demonstrated that (i) all colors elicited responses in the VC, whereas only blue evoked a response in the PFC; (ii) there was a color-dependent effect on cardiorespiratory activity; (iii) there was significant change in neurosystemic functional connectivity; (iv) cerebral hemodynamic responses in the PFC and changes in the cardiovascular system were gender and age dependent; and (v) electrodermal activity and psychological state showed no stimulus-evoked changes, and there was no dependence on color of light, age, and gender. We showed that short-term light exposure caused color-dependent responses in cerebral hemodynamics/oxygenation as well as cardiorespiratory dynamics. Additionally, we showed that neurosystemic functional connectivity changes even during apparently stress-free tasks-an important consideration when using any of the hemodynamic neuroimaging methods (e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and fNIRS). Our findings are important for future basic research and clinical applications as well as being relevant for everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Hafner
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Wolf
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Boivin
- From the Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
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50
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Melatonin reduces motivation for cocaine self-administration and prevents relapse-like behavior in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1741-1748. [PMID: 28246896 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Melatonin is a hormone involved in the entrainment of circadian rhythms, which appears dysregulated in drug users. Further, it has been demonstrated that melatonin can modulate the reinforcing effects of several drugs of abuse and may therefore play a role in drug addiction. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether administration of melatonin reduces relapse-like behavior and the motivation to seek cocaine in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to long-term cocaine self-administration training. Thereafter, melatonin effects were assessed on: (1) the motivation to work for cocaine in the break point test, (2) the relapse-like behavior in the cue-induced reinstatement test, (3) the distance traveled in the open field test, and (4) sucrose preference in a two-bottle choice paradigm. Melatonin, 25 or 50 mg/kg, was injected 3-4 h after the dark phase onset, 30 min prior to each test. RESULTS Both doses of melatonin decreased the number of active pokes in both break point and cue-induced reinstatement tests, demonstrating that melatonin can reduce the cocaine-seeking behavior and the motivation to work for cocaine. Administration of the higher dose of this hormone, however, significantly reduced the number of inactive pokes during the cue-induced reinstatement test and tended to reduce animals' locomotor activity in the open field test. Sucrose preference was unchanged in both vehicle- and melatonin-treated animal groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that melatonin administration may lower the risk of relapse triggered by cues in cocaine-experienced animals.
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