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Iordache AM, Voica C, Roba C, Nechita C. Evaluation of potential human health risks associated with Li and their relationship with Na, K, Mg, and Ca in Romania's nationwide drinking water. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1456640. [PMID: 39377005 PMCID: PMC11456539 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1456640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing lithium (Li) demand worldwide due to its properties and role in renewable energy will raise water reservoir pollution and side effects on human health. Divergent results regarding Li concentration in water and affective disorders are found in the literature, which is why regional reports are expected. Objective The present study evaluated the occurrence and human health risks resulting from oral exposure, respectively, and the relationship between alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) and minerals (Mg, Ca) in balanced purified water (bottled) and spring water. Methods The ICP-MS technique was used to measure a national database with 53 bottled and 42 spring water samples randomly selected. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and HCA analysis were applied to assess the possible relationship between metals in water. The possible side effects of Li poisoning of water resources on human health have been evaluated using the Estimated Daily Intake Index (EDI) and Total Hazard Quotient (THQ). Results The toxic metals (As, Hg, and Pb) were measured, and the results indicate values above the detection limit of 22.3% of samples in the case of lead but not exceeding the safety limits. Depending on the water sources, such as bottled and spring water, the Li concentration varied between 0.06-1,557 and 0.09-984% μg/L. We found a strong positive correlation between Li and Na and Mg, varying between bottled and spring waters (p% <%0.001). Li exceeded the limit set by the Health-Based Screening Level (HBSL) in 41.37 and 19% of bottled and spring water samples. The oral reference doses (p-RfDs) for the noncancer assessment of daily oral exposure effects for a human lifetime exceeded threshold values. The THQ index shows potential adverse health effects, requiring further investigations and remedial actions in 27.58% of approved bottled waters and 2.38% of spring waters. Conclusion We can conclude that water is safe based on the Li concentration found in drinking water and supported by a gap in strict regulations regarding human Li ingestion. The present study can serve decision-makers and represent a starting database with metals of interest for further clinical studies. Decision-makers can also use it to find solutions for sustainable management of clean and safe drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Maria Iordache
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Cezara Voica
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Roba
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Nechita
- Department of Biometry, National Research Institute in Forestry Marin Dracea – ICAS, Bucharest, Voluntari, Romania
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Jans K, Lüersen K, von Frieling J, Roeder T, Rimbach G. Dietary lithium stimulates female fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster. Biofactors 2024; 50:326-346. [PMID: 37706424 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The trace element lithium exerts a versatile bioactivity in humans, to some extend overlapping with in vivo findings in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. A potentially essential function of lithium in reproduction has been suggested since the 1980s and multiple studies have since been published postulating a regulatory role of lithium in female gametogenesis. However, the impact of lithium on fruit fly egg production has not been at the center of attention to date. In the present study, we report that dietary lithium (0.1-5.0 mM LiCl) substantially improved life time egg production in D. melanogaster w1118 females, with a maximum increase of plus 45% when supplementing 1.0 mM LiCl. This phenomenon was not observed in the insulin receptor mutant InRE19, indicating a potential involvement of insulin-like signaling in the lithium-mediated fecundity boost. Analysis of the whole-body and ovarian transcriptome revealed that dietary lithium affects the mRNA levels of genes encoding proteins related to processes of follicular maturation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on dietary lithium acting as an in vivo fecundity stimulant in D. melanogaster, further supporting the suggested benefit of the trace element in female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jans
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakob von Frieling
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Iordache AM, Voica C, Roba C, Nechita C. Lithium Content and Its Nutritional Beneficence, Dietary Intake, and Impact on Human Health in Edibles from the Romanian Market. Foods 2024; 13:592. [PMID: 38397569 PMCID: PMC10888284 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is present in human nutrition based on food intake, and several studies recommend it for treating mood disorders, even if the biological proprieties and biochemical mechanisms represent the basis for its use as an essential element. The Li content was evaluated using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique (ICP-MS) in 1071 food and beverage samples from the Romanian market. The results show that Li had a decreasing mean concentration in the food samples as follows: vegetables leafy > bulbous > fructose > leguminous > egg whites > root vegetables > milk products > egg yolks > meats. Approximately a quarter of all data from each dataset category was extreme values (range between the third quartile and maximum value), with only 10% below the detection limit. Mean Li concentration indicated higher values in red wine, white wines, beers, and fruit juice and lower in ciders and bottled waters. A particular interest was addressed to plants for teas and coffee seeds, which showed narrow amounts of Li. For both food and beverages, two similar matrices, including egg whites and yolks and white and red wines, were found to have significant differences, which explains the high variability of Li uptake in various matrices. For 99.65% of the analyzed samples, the estimated daily intake of Li was below the provisional subchronic and chronic reference dose (2 µg/kgbw/day) for adverse effects in several organs and systems. Even so, a risk occurs in consuming bulbous vegetables (Li > 13.47 mg/kg) and fructose solano vegetables (Li > 11.33 mg/kg). The present study's findings indicate that ingesting most of the analyzed beverages and food samples could be considered safe, even if future studies regarding Li content, nutritional aspects, and human cohort diseases must be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Maria Iordache
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, 4 Uzinei Street, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Cezara Voica
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Roba
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 400535 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Constantin Nechita
- National Research and Development Institute for Forestry “Marin Drăcea”—INCDS, 128 Boulvard Eroilor, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
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Memhave TR, Moussavi A, Boretius S. SPIRAL MRI for in vivo lithium-7 imaging: a feasibility study in mice after oral lithium treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:681. [PMID: 38182676 PMCID: PMC10770043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been the frontline treatment for bipolar disorder for over 60 years. However, its mode of action and distribution in the brain is still incompletely understood. The primary isotope of lithium, lithium-7 (7Li), is a magnetic resonance (MR) active, spin-3/2 nucleus. However, its low MR sensitivity and the small brain size of mice make 7Li MR imaging (MRI) difficult in preclinical research. We tested four MRI sequences (FLASH, RARE, bSSFP, and SPIRAL) on lithium-containing phantoms, and bSSFP and SPIRAL on orally lithium-treated adult C57BL/6 mice. 7Li MR spectroscopy was acquired weekly at 9.4T to monitor the lithium uptake. The in vivo T1 relaxation time of 7Li was estimated in four mice. 4-h SPIRAL 7Li MRI was acquired in ten mice at a resolution of 2 × 2 × 3 mm3. SPIRAL MRI provided the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per unit acquisition time and the best image quality. We observed a non-homogeneous distribution of lithium in the mouse brain, with the highest concentrations in the cortex, ventricles, and basal brain regions. Almost no lithium signal was detected in the olfactory bulb and the cerebellum. We showed that in vivo 7Li MRI in mice is feasible, although with limited spatial resolution and SNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Rasmus Memhave
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Amir Moussavi
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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Plöderl M, Naudet F. Severe methodological problems in a recent review and analysis of the association between lithium concentration in potable water and suicide rates. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:406-407. [PMID: 37351583 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Plöderl
- Center of Inpatient Psychotherapy and Crisis Intervention
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Clinic of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Naudet
- Université Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Rennes (CIC1414), Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), Rennes
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Dobosy P, Illés Á, Endrédi A, Záray G. Lithium concentration in tap water, bottled mineral water, and Danube River water in Hungary. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12543. [PMID: 37532748 PMCID: PMC10397251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to increased manufacture and recycling of lithium batteries across the world, we may anticipate a rise in lithium pollution in the aquatic environment and drinking water reservoirs. In order to investigate the current status regarding the lithium content in Hungarian tap waters, samples were collected from the public drinking water supply systems of 19 county seats in Hungary during seasonally selected times. Depending on the water sources, such as bank-filtrated river water, surface water from open reservoirs, and groundwater, the lithium concentrations varied between 0.90-4.23, 2.12-11.7 and 1.11-31.4 µg/L, respectively, while the median values were 3.52, 5.02 and 8.55 µg/L, respectively. The lithium concentration in the bottled Hungarian mineral waters was also determined since the daily intake of lithium can be influenced by the consumption of mineral waters. The concentrations ranged from 4.2 to 209 µg/L, while the median value was only 17.8 µg/L. Additionally, a correlation was only found between lithium and potassium concentrations. The lithium concentration was also assessed at ten sampling locations in the Hungarian segment of the Danube River since the Danube water is also a water source for additional drinking water utilities using bank filtration technology. The mean and median lithium concentrations were 2.78 and 2.64 µg/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Dobosy
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, 1113, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, 1113, Hungary
| | - Ádám Illés
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, 1113, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, 1113, Hungary
| | - Anett Endrédi
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, 1113, Hungary
| | - Gyula Záray
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, 1113, Hungary.
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, 1113, Hungary.
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Mahmudiono T, Fakhri Y, Daraei H, Mehri F, Einolghozati M, Mohamadi S, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration of Lithium in water resources: A systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2023-0025. [PMID: 37261955 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of trace elements such as lithium (Li) in water resources in the long term can endanger consumers' health. Several studies have been conducted on Li concentration in water sources; hence, this study attempted to retrieve studies using a systematic search. The search was conducted in Web of Sciences, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases from 1 January 2010 to 15 January 2023. Li concentration was meta-analyzed based on the type of water resources and countries subgroups in the random effects model (REM) statistical analysis. In addition, health risk assessment in different age groups was calculated using the target hazard quotient (THQ). This study included 76 papers with 157 data reports in our meta-analysis. The overall pooled concentration of Li was 5.374 (95 % CI: 5.261-5.487 μg/L). The pooled concentration of Li in groundwater (40.407 μg/L) was 14.53 times surface water (2.785 μg/L). The highest water Li content was attributed to Mexico (2,209.05 μg/L), Bolivia (1,444.05 μg/L), Iraq (1,350 μg/L), and Argentina (516.39 μg/L). At the same time, the lowest water Li content was associated with Morocco (1.20 μg/L), Spain (0.46 μg/L), and India (0.13 μg/L). THQ due to Li in water resources in consumers of Iraq, Mexico, South Africa, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Portugal, Malawi, South Korea, Nepal, South Korea, Argentina, and the USA was higher than 1 value. Therefore, continuous monitoring of Li concentration in water sources and reducing Li concentration, especially in groundwater water, using new water treatment processes in these countries are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hasti Daraei
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Einolghozati
- Department of Nutrition and food Safety, School of Medicine. Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Mohamadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-Kord University, Shahre-Kord, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Experimental studies of water recovered from Pt/Al2O3 catalyst combustion. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-023-02371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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9
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An investigation into the association between suicide mortality rate and lithium levels in potable water: a review study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:73-80. [PMID: 36719336 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between lithium levels in potable water and suicide mortality rates in the total inhabitants. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar databases, as well as medRxiv using the following keywords: drinking water, lithium, standardized mortality ratio (SMR), tap water, suicide, and ground water. Pearson regression analysis was used to test an association between variables with 95% confidence interval (CI). A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. A total of 16 eligible articles were identified. Lithium concentrations in drinking water range from 0.4 to 32.9 μg/l. Average rates of suicide mortality (per 100 000 capita) range between 0.790 (±0.198) and 123 (±50). About 16 original studies confirmed the inverse relationship between lithium concentrations in potable water and suicide mortality rates (R = -0.576; R2 = 0.3323; 95% CI, -0.820 to -0.325; β = -0.3.2; P = 0.019). High lithium concentrations in potable water were associated with decreased suicide rates. We concluded that lithium concentration in potable water was inversely associated with suicide mortality rates among a total population. However, further research is required to clarify the relationship between lithium concentrations in drinking water and suicide rate.
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Effects of different doses of lithium on the central nervous system in the rat valproic acid model of autism. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 370:110314. [PMID: 36535311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that low doses of lithium in the environment can have beneficial effects on mental health. Autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder in which patients exhibit abnormal behaviors, pharmacological interventions usually relied on a range of psychotropic medications. However, such medications often produce severe side effects or are ineffective in symptoms. Finding alternative ways to improve abnormal behaviors in individuals with autism are warranted, in which case lithium may be a relatively safe and effective medication. Lithium salt therapy is used to treat a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and has neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of different doses of lithium on neurobehavioural disorders using the rat model of autism established by valproic acid (VPA) injection. Lithium was observed to have an ameliorative effect on the social cognitive, social memory and anxiety levels in the rat model of autism. Immunofluorescence staining showed that subchronic LiCl administration (1.0 mmol/kg) significantly reduced the number of Iba-1 positive cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in VPA group and brought it close to the levels of control group. Significantly lower levels of the pro-inflammatory marker IL-6 were observed in the hippocampus and serum after lithium treatment. In addition, the lithium treatment increased the levels of H3K9 acetylation in the hippocampus of VPA-exposed rats. The results showed a defensive effect of environment-related lithium exposure doses on neurobehavioural deficits in the rat valproic acid model of autism, suggesting that it may be a potential drug for the treatment of autism.
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Faria MGI, Avelino KV, Philadelpho BO, Dos Santos Bomfim R, do Valle JS, Júnior ACG, Dragunski DC, de Souza Ferreira E, de Souza CO, Ribeiro CDF, Colauto NB, Linde GA. Lithium bioaccumulation in Lentinus crinitus mycelia grown in media with different lithium sources and pH values. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87519-87526. [PMID: 35804234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lentinus crinitus bioaccumulates lithium in mycelia, but bioaccumulation may be affected by pH of the culture medium. Lithium is used in clinical practice as a mood stabilizer and antidepressant. This study aimed to assess the effect of culture medium pH and lithium source (LiCl or Li2CO3) on lithium bioaccumulation in vegetative mycelia of L. crinitus grown in malt extract broth. Lentinus crinitus U9-1 was cultured in malt extract broth supplemented with Li2CO3 or LiCl (50 mg L-1 lithium) in the pH range of 3.0 to 6.0. The pH was adjusted using HCl solution. The results showed that medium pH affected mycelial biomass production, lithium bioaccumulation in mycelial biomass, and lithium transfer from the culture medium to mycelial biomass. The effect of lithium source on the bioaccumulation capacity of mycelial biomass varied according to pH. At pH 4.0, both lithium sources stimulated mycelial biomass production compared to the control without the addition of lithium. At pH 5.5, Li2CO3 provided the highest lithium bioaccumulation in mycelial biomass. Lithium transfer from the culture medium to mycelia was highest in Li2CO3-supplemented cultures at pH 4.5. LiCl reduced hyphal width compared with Li2CO3 and the control. However, pH and lithium sources did not affect the formation of clamp connections in hyphae. For the first time, the influence of the pH of the culture medium on lithium bioaccumulation by Lentinus crinitus is reported. Finally, we conclude that the culture medium pH affected lithium transfer and bioaccumulation in mycelial biomass differently depending on the lithium source. Additionally, we report the presence of clamp connections in the hyphae of L. crinitus as an indicator of even growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Graciela Iecher Faria
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil.
| | - Katielle Vieira Avelino
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Biane Oliveira Philadelpho
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Dos Santos Bomfim
- Federal University of Bahia, Nutrition School, Basílio da Gama Street, w/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-907, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ederlan de Souza Ferreira
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Camila Duarte Ferreira Ribeiro
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, Nutrition School, Basílio da Gama Street, w/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-907, Brazil
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Giani Andrea Linde
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, Nutrition School, Basílio da Gama Street, w/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-907, Brazil
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Török AI, Moldovan A, Kovacs E, Cadar O, Becze A, Levei EA, Neag E. Lithium Accumulation in Salvinia natans Free-Floating Aquatic Plant. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7243. [PMID: 36295307 PMCID: PMC9611884 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The new context of the intensive use of lithium-based batteries led to increased production of Li and Li-containing wastes. All these activities are potential sources of environmental pollution with Li. However, the negative impact of Li on ecosystems, its specific role in the plants' development, uptake mechanism, and response to the induced stress are not fully understood. In this sense, the Li uptake and changes induced by Li exposure in the major and trace element contents, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, and elemental composition of Salvinia natans were also investigated. The results showed that Salvinia natans grown in Li-enriched nutrient solutions accumulated much higher Li contents than those grown in spring waters with a low Li content. However, the Li bioaccumulation factor in Salvinia natans grown in Li-enriched nutrient solutions was lower (13.3-29.5) than in spring waters (13.0-42.2). The plants exposed to high Li contents showed a decrease in their K and photosynthetic pigments content, while their total antioxidant activity did not change substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Iulia Török
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Moldovan
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3–5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Becze
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emilia Neag
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Araya P, Martínez C, Barros J. Lithium in Drinking Water as a Public Policy for Suicide Prevention: Relevance and Considerations. Front Public Health 2022; 10:805774. [PMID: 35252091 PMCID: PMC8891154 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.805774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although suicide is considered a major preventable cause of mortality worldwide, we do not have effective strategies to prevent it. Lithium has been consistently associated with lowering risk of suicide. This effect could occur at very low concentrations, such as trace doses of lithium in tap water. Several ecological studies and recent meta-analysis have suggested an inverse association between lithium in water and suicide in the general population, with a lack of knowledge of clinically significant side effects. This paper is aimed as a proposal to discuss the addition of lithium to drinking water to decrease the suicide rate. For this, we review the evidence available, use previous experiences, such as water fluoridation to prevent dental caries, and discuss the complexity involved in such a public policy. Considering the limited data available and the controversies contained in this proposal, we suggest that a consensus on lithium concentration in water is needed, where the suicide rates start to reduce, as happened with water fluoridation. This measure will require to develop community-controlled trials with strict monitoring of any side effects, where democratic procedures would constitute one of the most appropriate ways to validate its implementation according to the reality of each community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Araya
- Department of Escuela de Medicina PUC School of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Martínez
- Department of Escuela de Medicina PUC School of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Barros
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Jorge Barros
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Liaugaudaite V, Raskauskiene N, Naginiene R, Mickuviene N, Sher L. Association between lithium levels in drinking water and suicide rates: Role of affective disorders. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:516-521. [PMID: 34800570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the association between lithium levels in drinking water from public supplies and suicide rates in different municipalities of Lithuania in relation with incidence of affective disorders. METHODS 53 drinking water samples were analysed from the main public drinking water systems of the country's municipalities. Lithium levels were determined using the ion chromatography method. Information on all registered affective disorders across all age groups and gender within the 5-year period was obtained from the Department of Statistics, and was averaged across the investigation time period. For the statistical analysis, lithium levels were averaged per municipality and plotted against suicide standardized mortality rates per 100,000 populations, within the 5-year period. RESULTS We found that lithium levels in drinking water are positively associated with the incidence of affective disorders. Our findings suggest higher incidence rates of affective disorders in the municipalities with a lithium level in drinking water above median compared to those in the municipalities with a lithium level below median and with the same socio-demographic and psychiatric characteristics. Suicide mortality rates are inversely associated with lithium levels in drinking water only in municipalities with higher lithium levels (above median) and with a high rate of affective disorders. CONCLUSION Based on our study results and insights we generate the following hypothesis for the further research, that lithium level in drinking water might have an important protective effect against suicide rates in the population with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Liaugaudaite
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.
| | - Nijole Raskauskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Rima Naginiene
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Narseta Mickuviene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Leo Sher
- James J. Peters Veterans, Administration Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States
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Naeem A, Aslam M, Mühling KH. Lithium: Perspectives of nutritional beneficence, dietary intake, biogeochemistry, and biofortification of vegetables and mushrooms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149249. [PMID: 34329936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although lithium (Li) is not an essential nutrient for humans, low Li intakes are associated with increased suicide and homicide rates, aggressive behaviors, unipolar/bipolar disorders, acute mania, etc. On the other hand, Li is one of the most effective psychopharmacological agents used for the treatment of these psycho-behavioral disorders. The beneficial normothymic effect of Li could be achieved at lower doses, therefore, modern psychiatry has called to consider Li biofortification of foods to improve its dietary intake. The concept of agronomic biofortification of crops with Li is juvenile and there exist a limited number of studies, mainly focused on vegetables or mushrooms. This review, first of its kind, discusses the nutritional beneficence and dietary intake of Li, its biogeochemistry, and opportunities and challenges in the Li biofortification of food crops. Literature showed that dietary intake of Li in many countries of the world is insufficient, compared to the provisional recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 1.0 mg day-1 for a 70 kg adult. Lithium contents of soils are widely variable and the metal has high mobility in soils, making it more prone to leaching, and available for plant uptake. Biofortification studies reveal that plants can accumulate significant quantities of Li in their edible tissues without yield loss and quality associated negative effects. At lower application rates, Li tissue concentration could reach to the level that consuming 100-200 g of Li-biofortified fresh vegetables or mushrooms could support its RDA. It seems impossible to enrich the plants with Li to the levels that allow their application in psychiatric treatments, which requires the dosage of 600-1200 mg day-1. However, there is need to refine the methods of Li biofortification strategies to obtains plant specific concentration of Li in edible parts so that consuming a specific amount could provide the proposed dietary intake requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Naeem
- Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Karl H Mühling
- Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Amukarimi S, Mozafari M. Biodegradable magnesium-based biomaterials: An overview of challenges and opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:123-144. [PMID: 34766139 PMCID: PMC8491235 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As promising biodegradable materials with nontoxic degradation products, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have received more and more attention in the biomedical field very recently. Having excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanical properties, magnesium-based alloys currently cover a broad range of applications in the biomedical field. The use of Mg-based biomedical devices eliminates the need for biomaterial removal surgery after the healing process and reduces adverse effects induced by the implantation of permanent biomaterials. However, the high corrosion rate of Mg-based implants leads to unexpected degradation, structural failure, hydrogen evolution, alkalization, and cytotoxicity. To overcome these limitations, alloying Mg with suitable alloying elements and surface treatment come highly recommended. In this area, open questions remain on the behavior of Mg-based biomaterials in the human body and the effects of different factors that have resulted in these challenges. In addition to that, many techniques are yet to be verified to turn these challenges into opportunities. Accordingly, this article aims to review major challenges and opportunities for Mg-based biomaterials to minimize the challenges for the development of novel biomaterials made of Mg and its alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukufe Amukarimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
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Liaugaudaite V, Naginiene R, Raskauskiene N, Mickuviene N, Bunevicius A, Sher L. Relationship between Lithium Levels in Drinking Water and Suicide Rates: A Nationwide Study in Lithuania. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:340-352. [PMID: 31596179 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2019.1674226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate an association of lithium levels in the drinking water with suicide mortality rates in Lithuania. Methods: Samples from public drinking water systems were taken in all districts of Lithuania. Lithium levels were determined using the ion chromatography method. For the statistical calculations, lithium levels were averaged per district municipality and plotted against suicide standardized mortality rates (SMR) per 100,000 populations, within the 5-year period from 2012 to 2016. Results: We found that lithium concentrations in drinking water were significantly negatively associated with total suicide rates in a nonlinear way. Conclusion: Lithium intake with drinking water may affect suicide rates in some geographical areas.
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Eyre-Watt B, Mahendran E, Suetani S, Firth J, Kisely S, Siskind D. The association between lithium in drinking water and neuropsychiatric outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis from across 2678 regions containing 113 million people. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2021; 55:139-152. [PMID: 33045847 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420963740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithium in drinking water may have significant mental health benefits. We investigated the evidence on the association between lithium concentrations in drinking water and their neuropsychiatric outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis and searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and CINAHL up to 19 January 2020, for peer-reviewed research examining the association between lithium concentrations in drinking water and neuropsychiatric outcomes. We used a pairwise analysis and a random effects model to meta-analyse suicide rates and psychiatric hospital admissions. We assessed for publication bias using Egger's test and Duval and Tweedie's Trim and Fill analysis. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies including 113 million subjects were included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis of 14 studies including 94 million people found higher lithium concentrations were associated with reduced suicide rates (r = -0.191, 95% confidence interval = [-0.287, -0.090], p < 0.001) and meta-analysis of two studies including 5 million people found higher lithium concentrations were associated with fewer hospital admissions (r = -0.413, 95% confidence interval = [-0.689, -0.031], p = 0.035). We found significant heterogeneity between studies (Q = 67.4, p < 0.001, I2 = 80.7%) and the presence of publication bias (Egger's test; t value = 2.90, p = 0.013). Other included studies did not provide sufficient data to analyse other neuropsychiatric outcomes quantitatively. CONCLUSION Higher lithium concentrations in drinking water may be associated with reduced suicide rates and inpatient psychiatric admissions. The relationship with other neuropsychiatric outcomes and complications remains unclear. Further research is required before any public health recommendations can be made.Trial registration number: The study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018090145.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuichi Suetani
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Steve Kisely
- Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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19
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Kugimiya T, Ishii N, Kohno K, Kanehisa M, Hatano K, Hirakawa H, Terao T. Lithium in drinking water and suicide prevention: The largest nationwide epidemiological study from Japan. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:33-40. [PMID: 32780508 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study thus were (a) to further investigate the association between lithium levels in drinking water and suicide rates by adjusting relevant factors using the so far largest available dataset in Japan, (b) to confirm sex differences, (c) to estimate the effects of long-term exposure to trace lithium, (d) to investigate the effects of drinking bottled instead of tap water, and (e) to exploratorily investigate which lithium levels may be associated with lower suicide rates. METHODS Mean lithium levels in drinking water of all 808 cities and wards (ie, 785 cities of 46 prefectures and 23 wards of Tokyo) in Japan were examined in relation to mean suicide standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) during the 7 years from 2010 to 2016. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for the size of each population were used to investigate the association of lithium levels with suicide SMRs with adjustments for relevant factors. RESULTS The adjusted model showed significant inverse associations of lithium levels with total and male SMRs, but not with female SMRs. Neither the proportion of residents who continued to live in the same city nor the consumption of bottled water changed the association between lithium levels and suicide SMRs. Finally, it was 30 μg/L or more that was associated with lower suicide SMRs. CONCLUSIONS The present findings reconfirm the inverse association between lithium levels in drinking water and suicide rates particularly in the male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kugimiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu city, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Ishii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu city, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kohno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu city, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanehisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu city, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu city, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu city, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu city, Japan
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20
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Thibon F, Weppe L, Vigier N, Churlaud C, Lacoue-Labarthe T, Metian M, Cherel Y, Bustamante P. Large-scale survey of lithium concentrations in marine organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141453. [PMID: 32882547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals such as Cu, Hg, and Zn have been widely investigated in marine ecotoxicological studies considering their bioaccumulation, transfer along trophic webs, and the risks they pose to ecosystems and human health. Comparatively, Li has received little attention, although this element is increasingly used in the high-tech, ceramics/glass, and medication industries. Here, we report Li concentrations in more than 400 samples, including whole organisms and different organs of bivalves, cephalopods, crustaceans, and fish. We investigated species from three contrasting biogeographic areas, i.e. temperate (Bay of Biscay, northeast Atlantic Ocean), tropical (New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean), and subpolar climates (Kerguelen Islands, southern Indian Ocean), among diverse trophic groups (filter-feeders to meso-predators) and habitats (benthic, demersal, and pelagic). Although Li is homogeneously distributed in the ocean (at 0.18 μg/mL), Li concentrations in soft tissues vary greatly, from 0.01 to 1.20 μg/g dry weight. Multiple correspondence analyses reveal two clusters of high and low Li concentrations. Li distributions in marine organisms appear to be mostly geographically independent, though our results highlight a temperature dependency in fish muscles. Li is consistently bio-reduced through the trophic webs, with filter-feeders showing the highest concentrations and predatory fish the lowest. Strong variations are observed among organs, consistent with the biochemical similarity between Na and Li during transport in the brain and in osmoregulatory organs. Fish gills and kidneys show relatively high Li concentrations (0.26 and 0.15 μg/g, respectively) and fish brains show a large range of Li contents (up to 0.34 μg/g), whereas fish liver and muscles are Li depleted (0.07 ± 0.03 and 0.06 ± 0.08 μg/g, respectively). Altogether, these results provide the first exhaustive baseline for future Li ecotoxicology studies in marine coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Thibon
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LOV), UMR 7093 CNRS - Sorbonne Université, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - L Weppe
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LOV), UMR 7093 CNRS - Sorbonne Université, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - N Vigier
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LOV), UMR 7093 CNRS - Sorbonne Université, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - C Churlaud
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - T Lacoue-Labarthe
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - M Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC- 98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Y Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers- en-Bois, France
| | - P Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, F-17000 La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
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21
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Memon A, Rogers I, Fitzsimmons SMDD, Carter B, Strawbridge R, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Young AH. Association between naturally occurring lithium in drinking water and suicide rates: systematic review and meta-analysis of ecological studies. Br J Psychiatry 2020; 217:667-678. [PMID: 32716281 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mental health conditions and national suicide rates are increasing in many countries. Lithium is widely and effectively used in pharmacological doses for the treatment and prevention of manic/depressive episodes, stabilising mood and reducing the risk of suicide. Since the 1990s, several ecological studies have tested the hypothesis that trace doses of naturally occurring lithium in drinking water may have a protective effect against suicide in the general population. AIMS To synthesise the global evidence on the association between lithium levels in drinking water and suicide mortality rates. METHOD The MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify eligible ecological studies published between 1 January 1946 and 10 September 2018. Standardised regression coefficients for total (i.e. both genders combined), male and female suicide mortality rates were extracted and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016041375). RESULTS The literature search identified 415 articles; of these, 15 ecological studies were included in the synthesis. The random-effects meta-analysis showed a consistent protective (or inverse) association between lithium levels/concentration in publicly available drinking water and total (pooled β = -0.27, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.08; P = 0.006, I2 = 83.3%), male (pooled β = -0.26, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.03; P = 0.08, I2 = 91.9%) and female (pooled β = -0.13, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.02; P = 0.03, I2 = 28.5%) suicide mortality rates. A similar protective association was observed in the six studies included in the narrative synthesis, and subgroup meta-analyses based on the higher/lower suicide mortality rates and lithium levels/concentration. CONCLUSIONS This synthesis of ecological studies, which are subject to the ecological fallacy/bias, supports the hypothesis that there is a protective (or inverse) association between lithium intakes from public drinking water and suicide mortality at the population level. Naturally occurring lithium in drinking water may have the potential to reduce the risk of suicide and may possibly help in mood stabilisation, particularly in populations with relatively high suicide rates and geographical areas with a greater range of lithium concentration in the drinking water. All the available evidence suggests that randomised community trials of lithium supplementation of the water supply might be a means of testing the hypothesis, particularly in communities (or settings) with demonstrated high prevalence of mental health conditions, violent criminal behaviour, chronic substance misuse and risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Memon
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, UK
| | - Imogen Rogers
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, UK
| | | | - Ben Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Rebecca Strawbridge
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Lithium in Portuguese Bottled Natural Mineral Waters-Potential for Health Benefits? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228369. [PMID: 33198207 PMCID: PMC7696288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing epidemiologic and experimental evidence that lithium (Li) exhibits significant health benefits, even at concentrations lower than the therapeutic oral doses prescribed as treatment for mental disorders. The aim of this study is to determine the content of Li in 18 brands of bottled natural mineral waters that are available on the Portuguese market and from which the sources are found within the Portuguese territory, to provide data for Li intake from drinking water. Analyses of Li were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results indicate highly different Li concentrations in natural mineral waters: one group with low Li concentrations (up to 11 µg Li/L) and a second group with Li concentrations higher than 100 µg/L. The highest Li concentrations (>1500 µg Li/L) were observed in the highly mineralized Na-HCO3 type waters that are naturally carbonated (>250 mg/L free CO2). As a highly bioavailable source for Li dietary intake these natural mineral waters have potential for Li health benefits but should be consumed in a controlled manner due to its Na and F− contents. The consumption of as little as 0.25 L/day of Vidago natural mineral water (2220 µg Li/L), can contribute up to 50% of the proposed daily requirement of 1 mg Li/day for an adult (70 kg body weight). In future, Li epidemiological studies that concern the potential Li effect or health benefits from Li in drinking water should consider not only the Li intake from tap water but also intake from natural mineral water that is consumed in order to adjust the Li intake of the subjects.
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Del Matto L, Muscas M, Murru A, Verdolini N, Anmella G, Fico G, Corponi F, Carvalho A, Samalin L, Carpiniello B, Fagiolini A, Vieta E, Pacchiarotti I. Lithium and suicide prevention in mood disorders and in the general population: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:142-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kozaka N, Takeuchi S, Ishii N, Terao T, Kuroda Y. Association between lithium in tap water and suicide mortality rates in Miyazaki Prefecture. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:26. [PMID: 32593289 PMCID: PMC7321541 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most studies have reported that suicide mortality rates are negatively associated with lithium levels in tap water; however, a few studies showed either no association or a positive association. Thus, the association between suicide mortality and lithium levels in tap water remains controversial. To clarify the association, our study evaluated the association between lithium levels in tap water and suicide mortality rates in Miyazaki Prefecture of Japan, after adjusting for confounding factors. Methods We measured lithium levels in tap water across the 26 municipalities of Miyazaki Prefecture in Japan. We examined the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for suicide in each municipality and used the data as the average suicide SMRs over 5 years (2009–2013). Weighted least-squares regression analysis, adjusted for the size of each municipality’s population, was used to investigate the association between lithium levels in tap water and suicide SMRs. In addition to a crude model, in an adjusted model, potential confounding factors (proportion of elderly people, proportion of one-person households, annual marriage rate, annual mean income, unemployment rate, the density of medical doctors per 100,000 people, annual total rainfall, and proportion of people with a college education or higher) were added as covariates. Results We showed that male and female suicide SMRs were not associated with lithium levels in tap water in Miyazaki Prefecture. After adjusting for confounders, male suicide SMRs were significantly and positively associated with the proportion of elderly people in the population and annual total rainfall, and female suicide SMRs were associated with the proportion of elderly people in the population. Conclusions No association between lithium levels in tap water and suicide mortality rates was found in Miyazaki Prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kozaka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shouhei Takeuchi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo, Nishisonogi, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Ishii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kuroda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
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Voica C, Roba C, Iordache AM. Lithium Levels in Food from the Romanian Market by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): A Pilot Study. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1748642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Voica
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C. Roba
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A. M. Iordache
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopes Technologies, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
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Ewuzie U, Nnorom IC, Eze SO. Lithium in drinking water sources in rural and urban communities in Southeastern Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125593. [PMID: 31855764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a dearth of data on lithium content of domestic water sources in Nigeria. This study reported the lithium concentration in ground and surface water sources used for drinking in Southeastern Nigeria. Thirteen (13) natural springs, 24 streams, 7 hand-dug wells and 80 boreholes, making a total of 124 water samples were collected from strategic locations and analysed by ICP-OES. The distribution of lithium according to water sources and lithostratigraphic units as well as dietary contribution of lithium through drinking water was investigated. Average lithium concentrations in water samples from all sources were between 0.09 and 1.54 μg/L (overall mean ± SEM: 1.0 ± 0.2 μg/L). Results according to the geological formations of the areas studied indicated that only water sources located within the Benin Formation and Bende-Ameki Formation contained lithium in the range of <0.21-7.24 and < 0.21-1.97 μg/L respectively, whereas lithium was not detected in samples located within the Nsukka and Mamu lithostratigraphic units. Total intakes of lithium from water consumption (0.64 L for children and 2 L for adults) for all water sources were 79 and 247 μg/day for children and adults respectively, while the average daily intake of lithium from the water sources ranged from 0.004 to 0.066 and 0.002-0.044 μg/kg body weight for children (15 kg) and adults (70 kg) respectively. Drinking water in the study areas contributes only about 0.02-0.47% of the U.S. EPA estimated daily intake (9.3-44.3 μg/kg) of Lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugochukwu Ewuzie
- Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria.
| | - Innocent C Nnorom
- Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria; Visiting Research Fellow, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sunday O Eze
- Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
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Barjasteh-Askari F, Davoudi M, Amini H, Ghorbani M, Yaseri M, Yunesian M, Mahvi AH, Lester D. Relationship between suicide mortality and lithium in drinking water: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 264:234-241. [PMID: 32056756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithium at therapeutic doses has protective effects against suicide in clinical practice. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between lithium concentration in drinking water and suicide mortality in the general population. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Web of Knowledge, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus to find papers reporting the crude relationship between drinking water lithium and suicide incidence in the general population until June 2019. The pooled effect measure was expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. RESULTS We retrieved 308 English original articles, of which 13 ecologic studies with a total sample size of 939 regions and one cohort study with a sample size of 3,740,113 people were eligible for the meta-analysis. A significant relationship was found between the lithium concentration in drinking water and reduced suicide mortality (OR= 0.42; 95% CI: 0.27-0.67; p-value <0.01). Ten studies reported gender-specific responses to lithium, with the pooled estimates as follows: OR= 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35-0.84; p-value <0.01 for men, OR= 0.70; 95% CI: 0.48-1.01; p-value =0.057 for women, and OR= 0.63; 95% CI: 0.47-0.83; p-value <0.01 for total. LIMITATIONS The study was limited to the assessment of the crude relationship between lithium exposure and suicide rate without considering the role of confounders. CONCLUSIONS Lithium in drinking water is dose-dependently associated with reduced suicide mortality at least in ecological studies. However, we need well-designed clinical trials to confirm the protective effect of drinking water lithium intake against suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Barjasteh-Askari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Davoudi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Homayoun Amini
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER),Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - David Lester
- Distinguished Professor of Psychology, Emeritus, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, USA
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The impact of anthropogenic inputs on lithium content in river and tap water. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5371. [PMID: 31796732 PMCID: PMC6890772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lithium (Li) has dramatically increased during the last two decades due to the proliferation of mobile electronic devices and the diversification of electric-powered vehicles. Lithium is also prescribed as a medication against bipolar disorder. While Li can exert a toxic effect on living organisms, few studies have investigated the impact of anthropogenic inputs on Li levels in the environment. Here we report Li concentrations and Li isotope compositions of river, waste and tap water, and industrial products from the metropolitan city of Seoul. Results show that the large increase in population density in Seoul is accompanied by a large enrichment in aqueous Li. Lithium isotopes evidence a major release from Li-rich materials. Water treatment protocols are also shown to be inefficient for Li. Our study therefore highlights the need for a global Li survey and adequate solutions for minimizing their impact on ecosystems and city dwellers.
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Faria MGI, Avelino KV, do Valle JS, da Silva GJ, Gonçalves AC, Dragunski DC, Colauto NB, Linde GA. Lithium bioaccumulation in Lentinus crinitus mycelial biomass as a potential functional food. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:538-542. [PMID: 31276867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lentinus crinitus is an important basidiomycete consumed by ethnic groups from the Amazon, commonly found in decomposing trees with high lignolytic and antioxidant activities. Lithium is a mood stabilizer, antiepileptic, antipsychotic, and antidepressant used in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate L. crinitus mycelial biomass bioaccumulated with lithium in liquid cultivation medium. The malt extract medium was added from zero to 100 mg L-1 lithium from two lithium sources (Li2CO3 and LiCl). The maximum mycelial biomass production was 7218.89 mg L-1 in the culture medium added with 5 mg L-1 lithium from LiCl. The highest lithium concentration in the mycelial biomass was of 574.72 μg g-1 produced in the culture medium with 25 mg L-1 lithium from Li2CO3. Pearson's correlation showed that Li2CO3 reduces the mycelial biomass and increases lithium bioaccumulation. The maximum translocated lithium from cultivation medium to mycelial biomass was up to 19 or 28% with LiCl or Li2CO3, respectively. Therefore, although Li2CO3 presents greater inhibition on the mycelial biomass production, it promoted greater lithium bioaccumulation in L. crinitus mycelial biomass and resulted in greater yield of lithium translocation. The equivalent daily dose of lithium for psychiatric treatment, without bioavailability studies, could be reached with 97.4 g lithium-enriched mycelial biomass and, based in the literature, for reduction of violence and criminality rates the amount could be reached with 0.24-0.58 mg. Thus, the development of lithium-enriched mycelial biomass could be an alternative functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Graciela Iecher Faria
- Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
| | - Katielle Vieira Avelino
- Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Glacy Jaqueline da Silva
- Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Affonso Celso Gonçalves
- Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Laboratório de Química Ambiental, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Douglas Cardoso Dragunski
- Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Centro de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Giani Andrea Linde
- Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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Ali W, Aslam MW, Feng C, Junaid M, Ali K, Li S, Chen Z, Yu Z, Rasool A, Zhang H. Unraveling prevalence and public health risks of arsenic, uranium and co-occurring trace metals in groundwater along riverine ecosystem in Sindh and Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2223-2238. [PMID: 30905039 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The current study focuses on the understanding of contamination status, distribution, source apportionment and health perspectives of arsenic (As), uranium (U) and other co-occurring trace metals in the groundwater samples collected along the major rivers in Sindh and Punjab provinces, Pakistan. ICP-MS analysis revealed that the concentrations of As in the groundwater in Sindh and Punjab ranged from 0.2 to 81.1 µg/L (n = 38) and 1.1 to 501.1 µg/L (n = 110), respectively. Importantly, this study is the first evidence of U contamination in the groundwater samples in Pakistan, which revealed the concentrations of U at from 0.8 to 59.0 and 0.1 to 556.0 µg/L respectively, in Sindh and Punjab. Moreover, the concentrations of Sr and Mn exceeded the WHO limits in the current study area. Anthropogenic activities such as urbanization, direct dispose of industrial, agricultural waste into waterways and extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers might be the main sources of elevated levels of total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity, which increased the mobilization of As, U and Sr in the groundwater samples. Human health risk assessment parameters such as average daily dose, hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk indicated severe risks of As and U in the study area. The HQ values of As and U in Punjab were observed at 69.6 and 7.7, respectively, implying the severity of the health risks associated with consumption of contaminated groundwater for drinking purposes. In a nutshell, proactive control and rehabilitation measures are recommended to eradicate trace metals associated groundwater contamination in the targeted areas to avoid future worst scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Wajahat Aslam
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caiyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shehong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Ziheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Atta Rasool
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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Isoshima K, Ueno T, Arai Y, Saito H, Chen P, Tsutsumi Y, Hanawa T, Wakabayashi N. The change of surface charge by lithium ion coating enhances protein adsorption on titanium. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 100:103393. [PMID: 31450101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface charge is one of the essential physicochemical properties of titanium surfaces for extracellular protein adsorption. Titanium surfaces are generally electronegatively charged at physiological pH. Typical cellular adhesive proteins and cell membranes are also negatively charged. Therefore, there are no direct electric interactions between proteins and titanium surfaces at physiological pH. The objective of this study was to determine how different electrical charges on titanium surfaces affect protein adsorption. Commercially pure grade-2 titanium disks, 19 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm in thickness, having acid-etched micro-roughed surfaces, were prepared. Electropositive charge was supplied by soaking in LiOH solution at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 M. After LiOH treatment, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The zeta potential, isoelectric point, and wettability of titanium surfaces were measured. The adsorption levels of proteins, including albumin, laminin, and fibronectin, were evaluated. Osteoblastic cell attachment level was also determined. Incorporation of Li was detected in the oxide layer of titanium without surface morphological modification. The zeta potential was shifted up and the isoelectric point was increased from 3.94 to 5.63 by LiOH treatment. Long-term super-hydrophilicity was also obtained on Li-treated surfaces. The adsorption of albumin and laminin increased with increasing concentration of LiOH treatment solution, whereas fibronectin adsorption was highest upon treatment with 0.25 M. The osteoblastic cell attachment level was shown to be dependent on the amount of fibronectin adsorbed. In conclusion, LiOH treatment enhances biological adhesion on titanium with an increase in surface charge and hydrophilicity. This study suggests that modifying the surface charge provides a direct protein-to-materials interaction and the optimal application of Li should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Isoshima
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueno
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Arai
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Corrosion Property Group, Analysis and Evaluation Field, Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takao Hanawa
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Credo J, Torkelson J, Rock T, Ingram JC. Quantification of Elemental Contaminants in Unregulated Water across Western Navajo Nation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2727. [PMID: 31370179 PMCID: PMC6696199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The geologic profile of the western United States lends itself to naturally elevated levels of arsenic and uranium in groundwater and can be exacerbated by mining enterprises. The Navajo Nation, located in the American Southwest, is the largest contiguous Native American Nation and has over a 100-year legacy of hard rock mining. This study has two objectives, quantify the arsenic and uranium concentrations in water systems in the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation compared to the New Mexico side and to determine if there are other elements of concern. Between 2014 and 2017, 294 water samples were collected across the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation and analyzed for 21 elements. Of these, 14 elements had at least one instance of a concentration greater than a national regulatory limit, and six of these (V, Ca, As, Mn, Li, and U) had the highest incidence of exceedances and were of concern to various communities on the Navajo Nation. Our findings are similar to other studies conducted in Arizona and on the Navajo Nation and demonstrate that other elements may be a concern for public health beyond arsenic and uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Credo
- College of Medicine Clinical Translational Science Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jaclyn Torkelson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 5698, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Tommy Rock
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 5698, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Jani C Ingram
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 5698, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
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Seidel U, Baumhof E, Hägele FA, Bosy-Westphal A, Birringer M, Rimbach G. Lithium-Rich Mineral Water is a Highly Bioavailable Lithium Source for Human Consumption. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900039. [PMID: 31051049 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Lithium is an important trace element in human nutrition and medicine. Mineral and medicinal waters may represent a significant source of dietary lithium intake. METHODS AND RESULTS The lithium concentration of 360 German mineral and 21 medicinal waters is determined. Based on a systematic screening, three different mineral waters exhibiting low (1.7 µg L-1 ), medium (171 µg L-1 ), and high lithium (1724 µg L-1 ) concentrations are chosen for an acute bioavailability study in male healthy volunteers. In Germany, a north-east to south-west gradient of analyzed lithium concentrations is observed in the 381 tested waters. The lithium concentration in the water is significantly correlated with its sodium (r = 0. 810), potassium (r = 0.716), and magnesium (r = 0.361), but not with its calcium concentration. In a randomized cross-over trial, volunteers (n = 3×10 each) drink 1.5 L of the respective mineral waters, and lithium concentrations in serum and urine are monitored over 24 h. Consumption of the mineral waters with a medium and high lithium content results in a dose-dependent response in serum lithium concentrations and total urinary lithium excretion. CONCLUSION Lithium-rich mineral and medicinal waters may be an important and highly bioavailable lithium source for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Seidel
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Devision of Food Science, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elena Baumhof
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Devision of Food Science, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska A Hägele
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Devision of Food Science, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Devision of Food Science, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Fulda University of Applied Science, Devision of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Science, 36037, Fulda, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Devision of Food Science, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Szklarska D, Rzymski P. Is Lithium a Micronutrient? From Biological Activity and Epidemiological Observation to Food Fortification. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:18-27. [PMID: 30066063 PMCID: PMC6443601 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lithium compounds have been widely used in psychopharmacology, particularly in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Their normothymic and neuroprotective properties when used at high doses have been well established. However, a number of observations suggest that environmentally relevant lithium doses may also exert beneficial health effects, leading to a decrease in the rate of suicides and levels of violence. Despite the fact that this element is not officially considered to be a micronutrient, some authors have suggested provisional recommended intakes set at 1000 μg/day for a 70-kg adult (14.3 μg/kg body weight). The present paper reviews the biological action of lithium, its bioavailability and metabolism, and content in different foodstuffs and water. It also assesses epidemiological data on potential correlations between lithium intake and suicide rate as well as examines the concept of fortifying food with this element as a strategy in the primary prevention of mood disorders and pre-suicidal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Szklarska
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
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Dome P, Tombor L, Lazary J, Gonda X, Rihmer Z. Natural health products, dietary minerals and over-the-counter medications as add-on therapies to antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a review. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:51-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Perošević A, Joksimović D, Đurović D, Milašević I, Radomirović M, Stanković S. Human exposure to trace elements via consumption of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:554-559. [PMID: 29625781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess human health risks via consumption of potentially toxic mussels, the concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn and Hg were studied in Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from the coastal area of Montenegro. By two approaches for the human health risk assessment (HHRA), considering oral reference doses by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and provisional tolerable intakes by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), it has been revealed that despite the fact that trace element levels do not exceed the defined limits for mussels, they can be limiting factors for the mussel consumption. Specifically, it was noticed that the levels of Co, Pb, Cd and Li could be the limiting factors for the consumption of mussels from this coastal area. Al and Li data obtained in this study are especially important since these two elements have not been previously studied in M. galloprovincialis. Furthermore, taking into account the significant differences in concentrations of elements in different seasons, the study confirmed the starting assumption that in the calculations for the HHRA the average concentrations of elements in samples taken in different seasons during a longer period should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perošević
- BIO-ICT Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Danijela Joksimović
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, Dobrota bb, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro
| | - Dijana Đurović
- Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Džona Džeksona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Ivana Milašević
- BIO-ICT Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Milena Radomirović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavka Stanković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Kot FS. On the rubidium and lithium content and availability in the sub-arid south-eastern Mediterranean: potential health implications. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1841-1851. [PMID: 29948536 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rubidium and lithium are rather rare elements in environmental research, despite their affiliation with a group of chemically active metals and the abundance of Rb in the environment. A growing body of evidence, although controversial, has indicated that both elements possess unique essential and neurophysiological characteristics in biota and humans. Both elements may concentrate in soil and vegetation of sub-arid environments. We investigated the content and (potential) availability of Rb and Li in the soils and natural waters of Galilee, the Coastal Plain, and the northern Negev of Israel. A newly developed chromatographic technique for the separation of truly dissolved Rb and Li compounds has been applied. High concentrations of Rb, together with high values of the potentially vital Rb-to-K ratio, were found in the soils, the soil solutions, rainwater, throughfall water, and the plant litter leachates, but not in the surface and spring waters. This may indicate a sequestration of Rb in the local soils and a semi-closed Rb turnover in the soil-plant system with a major input from sea aerosols. Low Li bulk and available concentrations were determined in all the natural compartments. Possible implications of such specific environmental features on the local population health were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fyodor S Kot
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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Liu Y, Yuan Y, Luo K. Regional Distribution of Longevity Population and Elements in Drinking Water in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:287-299. [PMID: 29071456 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the spatial variation of longevity population and elements contained in the drinking water of longevity region in Jiangjin and investigate the relationship between the elements in drinking water and longevity, population censuses on township level and 98 drinking water samples from Jiangjin District, Chongqing City in West China were collected and analyzed. Population statistics on township level showed that the number of centenarians per 100,000 inhabitants (OC), centenarity index (CI), and number of centenarians per 10,000 over 65-year-old subjects (UC) present obvious geographic distribution properties, generally Central region > Northern region > Southern region (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Moderate hard water (150 mg/L < total hardness (TH) = 156.17 mg/L < 300 mg/L) was mainly found in drinking water from longevity township (OC > 7.5) in Jiangjin District, whereas soft water (75 mg/L < TH = 111.23 mg/L < 150 mg/L) was mostly in non-longevity township (OC < 7.5). The mean concentration of strontium (Sr) (0.73 mg/L) in drinking water from the longevity township was apparently higher than that of non-longevity township (0.44 mg/L) (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.019 < 0.05). The concentrations of Ba, Li, Mn, Ni, and Se in drinking water from longevity township were also higher than those of non-longevity township (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05). The research indicates that exercising strict control over the concentrations of TH, Sr, Ba, Li, Mn, Ni, and Se in drinking water might be good for the health and prolong people's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Liu
- Geography and Tourism College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuyang Yuan
- Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, 618000, China.
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China.
| | - Kunli Luo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
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Brown EE, Gerretsen P, Pollock B, Graff-Guerrero A. Psychiatric benefits of lithium in water supplies may be due to protection from the neurotoxicity of lead exposure. Med Hypotheses 2018; 115:94-102. [PMID: 29685207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lithium is a medication used to treat bipolar disorder and may also prevent cognitive decline and suicide. Lithium is also found naturally, in levels well below clinical doses, in drinking water worldwide, and levels have been inversely associated with rates of psychiatric disorders. Lead (Pb) is another element in the environment but is a toxin of public health concern. Negative effects of chronic lead exposure and possible benefits of environmental lithium exposure appear complementary. HYPOTHESIS Exposure to environmental lithium has associated benefits, which may be due to the mitigation of lead toxicity by lithium. METHODS A series of reviews tested each element of the hypothesis. A systematic review clarified the psychiatric and medical correlates of lithium in drinking water. Non-systematic reviews clarified the harms of environmental lead, summarized experimental studies of lithium used to prevent lead toxicity, and explored overlapping biological mechanisms in lithium and lead exposure. RESULTS Higher levels of lithium in drinking water were associated with lower suicide rates in 13 of 15 identified studies. While fewer studies were available for other outcomes, lithium was associated with lower rates of homicide, crime, dementia, and mortality. Lead was reported to be ubiquitous in the environment, and chronic low-level exposure has been associated with adverse effects, including effects opposite to the outcomes associated with lithium. Animal studies demonstrated that lithium pre-treatment mitigates lead toxicity. Neurophysiological correlates of lead and lithium exposure overlap. CONCLUSIONS Microdose lithium is associated with better psychiatric and medical outcomes, which are complementary to harms of environmental lead exposure. Experimental animal evidence is supportive, and lead and lithium impact overlapping neurophysiologic pathways. Therefore, several lines of circumstantial evidence suggest that lithium protects against the neurotoxic effects of lead. Further studies are required to clarify the benefits and mechanisms of low-dose lithium. There are significant public health implications if this paper's hypothesis is true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruce Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Ishii N, Terao T. Trace lithium and mental health. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:223-227. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kanehisa M, Terao T, Shiotsuki I, Kurosawa K, Takenaka R, Sakamoto T, Shigemitsu O, Ishii N, Hatano K, Hirakawa H. Serum lithium levels and suicide attempts: a case-controlled comparison in lithium therapy-naive individuals. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3335-3342. [PMID: 28849243 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological studies have shown the inverse association of lithium levels in drinking water and suicide rates; however, it is necessary to perform a clinical study dealing with individual patients. METHODS We analyzed 199 patients including 31 patients with suicide attempts, 21 patients with self-harm, and 147 control patients. All were transferred to a university emergency department suffering from intoxication or injury, were aged 20 or more years, and were alive at the start of the study. The exclusion criteria consisted of suffering from schizophrenia and a past or present history of lithium therapy. These exclusions were applied because it is difficult to determine whether their suicide attempt was induced by the intent to end their life or by psychotic symptoms such as auditory hallucinations, and if the patient had received lithium therapy, the association between the small amount of lithium taken from drinking water and food and serum lithium levels cannot be detected. RESULTS There was a significant difference (p = 0.043) between the three groups whereby patients with suicide attempts had significantly lower lithium levels than control patients (p = 0.012) in males but not females. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender revealed that patients with suicide attempts had significantly lower lithium levels than control patients (p = 0.032, odds ratio 0.228, 95% CI 0.059-0.883). LIMITATIONS The limitations of the present study are the nature of observational research which cannot reveal a causal relationship and the relatively small number of subjects. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that higher serum lithium levels may be protective against suicide attempts in lithium therapy-naive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kanehisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Ippei Shiotsuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Keiko Kurosawa
- Advanced Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care Center, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takenaka
- Advanced Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care Center, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Teruo Sakamoto
- Advanced Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care Center, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Osamu Shigemitsu
- Advanced Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care Center, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Ishii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
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