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Lu Y, Yu X, Wang Z, Kong L, Jiang Z, Shang R, Zhong X, Lv S, Zhang G, Gao H, Yang N. Microbiota-gut-brain axis: Natural antidepressants molecular mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:156012. [PMID: 39260135 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental health condition characterized by persistent depression, impaired cognition, and reduced activity. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota (GM) imbalance is closely linked to the emergence and advancement of MDD, highlighting the potential significance of regulating the "Microbiota-Gut-Brain" (MGB) axis to impact the development of MDD. Natural products (NPs), characterized by broad biological activities, low toxicity, and multi-target characteristics, offer unique advantages in antidepressant treatment by regulating MGB axis. PURPOSE This review was aimed to explore the intricate relationship between the GM and the brain, as well as host responses, and investigated the mechanisms underlying the MGB axis in MDD development. It also explored the pharmacological mechanisms by which NPs modulate MGB axis to exert antidepressant effects and addressed current research limitations. Additionally, it proposed new strategies for future preclinical and clinical applications in the MDD domain. METHODS To study the effects and mechanism by which NPs exert antidepressant effects through mediating the MGB axis, data were collected from Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect from initial establishment to March 2024. NPs were classified and summarized by their mechanisms of action. RESULTS NPs, such as flavonoids,alkaloids,polysaccharides,saponins, terpenoids, can treat MDD by regulating the MGB axis. Its mechanism includes balancing GM, regulating metabolites and neurotransmitters such as SCAFs, 5-HT, BDNF, inhibiting neuroinflammation, improving neural plasticity, and increasing neurogenesis. CONCLUSIONS NPs display good antidepressant effects, and have potential value for clinical application in the prevention and treatment of MDD by regulating the MGB axis. However, in-depth study of the mechanisms by which antidepressant medications affect MGB axis will also require considerable effort in clinical and preclinical research, which is essential for the development of effective antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Lu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhongling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Linghui Kong
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhenyuan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ruirui Shang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shimeng Lv
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Haonan Gao
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
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Du L, Chen J, Yan J, Xie H, Wang L, Wang R, Han X, Wang Y. Lingguizhugan decoction ameliorates cognitive impairment in AD-like mice by influencing the microbiome-gut-brain axis mediated by SCFAs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155942. [PMID: 39173279 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lingguizhugan (LGZG) decoction, an ancient Chinese herbal remedy originating from the Eastern Han Dynasty, consists of Poria cocos, Cinnamomi ramulus, Atractylodes macrocephala, and Glycyrrhiza, as described in the Golden Chamber Synopsis. It has a history spanning over 1600 years, in which it has been primarily used for the treatment of inflammation, injuries, and fluid retention; however, the potential of LGZG decoction to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression by modulating the gut-brain axis through attenuation of gut microbiota and their metabolites remains unknown. PURPOSE To examine the in vivo anti-AD effects and mechanism of LGZG decoction in alleviating AD cognitive impairment. STUDY DESIGN Two-part experiments in vivo were designed, one for behavior tests, intestinal and brain histopathology, intestinal microbiome and quantitative determination, and another one for metabolite supplementation study. METHODS AlCl3/D-gal was used to establish an AD-like mouse model. Behavioral tests, such as the Morris water maze test, were used to assess the effect of LGZG decoction on cognitive dysfunction. The concentration of proinflammatory mediators was measured by ELISA. The protein content was detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The content of short-chain fatty acids was measured by LC-MS/MS. Evaluation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species and strain-level gut microbiome analysis was performed. RESULTS LGZG decoction mitigated cognitive impairment in an AD-like mouse model, and decreased the deposition of amyloid-β and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. LGZG decoction remodeled the intestinal microecology, enhanced the integrity of the intestinal and brain tissue barriers, and modulated Aβ transportation through gut microbiota metabolite SCFAs. The neuroprotective effect of SCFAs on the AD-like model mice may be manifested through the inhibition of pP38 of the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that LGZG decoction reshapes the gut microbiota. SCFAs derived from the gut microbiota ameliorate the cognitive decline induced by AlCl3/D-gal through the gut-brain axis and reduce brain Aβ aggregation. We propose LGZG decoction as a potential therapeutic option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Du
- College of Life and Health of Dalian University, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Key Laboratory of Saccharide and Lipid Metabolism Research in Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Jianyi Yan
- College of Life and Health of Dalian University, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Key Laboratory of Saccharide and Lipid Metabolism Research in Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China
| | - Huiwen Xie
- College of Life and Health of Dalian University, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Key Laboratory of Saccharide and Lipid Metabolism Research in Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China
| | - Longxing Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, China
| | - Renjun Wang
- College of Life and Health of Dalian University, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Key Laboratory of Saccharide and Lipid Metabolism Research in Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China
| | - Xiaofei Han
- College of Life and Health of Dalian University, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Key Laboratory of Saccharide and Lipid Metabolism Research in Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China.
| | - Yadong Wang
- College of Life and Health of Dalian University, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Key Laboratory of Saccharide and Lipid Metabolism Research in Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China.
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Junyi L, Yueyang W, Bin L, Xiaohong D, Wenhui C, Ning Z, Hong Z. Gut Microbiota Mediates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Key Factors and Mechanistic Insights. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04513-w. [PMID: 39317889 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, the complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a key player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss, associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation in the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, may contribute to the development and progression of AD by modulating neuroinflammation, a chronic and maladaptive immune response in the central nervous system. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the current role of the gut microbiota in regulating neuroinflammation and glial cell function in AD. Its objective is to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and to discuss the potential advantages and challenges of using gut microbiota modulation as a novel approach for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Junyi
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wang Yueyang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liu Bin
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Dong Xiaohong
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cai Wenhui
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhang Ning
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhang Hong
- Heilongjiang Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Hua Q, Li D. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V fermented in microcapsules shows enhanced stability and could improve the microbial quality and safety of oysters through bioaccumulation. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 39323244 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, microcapsules of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V were prepared using an emulsification/internal gelation technique. Loads of the probiotics were condensed to 9.86 ± 0.13 log CFU/g after 24 h fermentation of the microcapsules. Physical characterization revealed that L. plantarum 299V cells were uniformly distributed within the core of the microcapsules, with a mean diameter of 109.81 ± 0.39 µm and a span value of 0.36 ± 0.00, which were comparable to those of the unfermented microcapsules (p > 0.05). The viability of L. plantarum 299V in the fermented microcapsules was 2.08 ± 0.15 log higher than that of free cells at the end of 5 h simulated gastrointestinal digestion (p < 0.05). Oysters were able to accumulate the fermented microcapsules through filter feeding, resulting in a load of probiotics exceeding 6.00 log CFU/g. The presence of L. plantarum 299V-carrying microcapsules in oyster tissues significantly suppressed spoilage-causing bacteria during 11 days refrigeration storage, suggested by the tested parameters, including total psychrotrophic bacteria, H2S-producing bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp. (p < 0.05). Pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella enterica artificially introduced into oysters, were also significantly suppressed by over 1.00-log within 4 days compared to control samples (p < 0.05). In summary, oysters bioaccumulated with fermented L. plantarum 299V-carrying microcapsules, justified a novel probiotic-carrying product to exsert the health-promoting effect of probiotics. This solution could also enhance the microbial quality and safety of oysters during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hua
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Bano N, Khan S, Ahamad S, Kanshana JS, Dar NJ, Khan S, Nazir A, Bhat SA. Microglia and Gut Microbiota: A Double-Edged Sword in Alzheimer's Disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102515. [PMID: 39321881 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The strong association between gut microbiota (GM) and brain functions such as mood, behaviour, and cognition has been well documented. Gut-brain axis is a unique bidirectional communication system between the gut and brain, in which gut microbes play essential role in maintaining various molecular and cellular processes. GM interacts with the brain through various pathways and processes including, metabolites, vagus nerve, HPA axis, endocrine system, and immune system to maintain brain homeostasis. GM dysbiosis, or an imbalance in GM, is associated with several neurological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conversely, AD is sustained by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Further, GM and their products also affect microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Despite the evidence connecting GM dysbiosis and AD progression, the involvement of GM in modulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD remains elusive. Importantly, deciphering the mechanism/s by which GM regulates microglia-dependent neuroinflammation may be helpful in devising potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate AD. Herein, we review the current evidence regarding the involvement of GM dysbiosis in microglia activation and neuroinflammation in AD. We also discuss the possible mechanisms through which GM influences the functioning of microglia and its implications for therapeutic intervention. Further, we explore the potential of microbiota-targeted interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, etc., as a novel therapeutic strategy to mitigate neuroinflammation and AD progression. By understanding and exploring the gut-brain axis, we aspire to revolutionize the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, many of which share a common theme of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Bano
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Sameera Khan
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
| | - Jitendra Singh Kanshana
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburg, PA, USA.
| | - Nawab John Dar
- CNB, SALK Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Sumbul Khan
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shahnawaz Ali Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
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Sun Y, Zhang R, Mao Z, Yin J, Zhou Y, Wu Y. Association between Multi-Domain Lifestyle and Objective Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People with SCD and MCI in Chinese Communities. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1879. [PMID: 39337220 PMCID: PMC11431377 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12181879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Controlling the lifestyle associated with dementia risk can delay the process of cognitive decline. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are early states in the development of dementia and are also the window period for early intervention in dementia. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between multi-domain lifestyle and objective cognitive impairment in elderly people with SCD and MCI in Chinese communities and to provide reference for effective implementation of precise health management measures to reduce the risk of dementia. METHODS A total of 265 middle-aged and elderly volunteers recruited from the community were divided into SCD group (107 cases), MCI group (80 cases), and healthy control (HC) group (78 cases). All participants received clinical interview, examination, and cognitive assessments. RESULTS The total Dementia Risk Reduction Lifestyle Scale (DRRLS) scores in the HC, SCD, and MCI groups [110.00 (11.25) vs. 101.00 (10.00) vs. 79.50 (20.75)] exhibited statistically significant differences among them. The total score of the DRRLS showed a significant negative correlation with the Trail-Making Test (TMT), and significant positive correlations with both the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) scores (p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, such as age and years of education, multiple linear regression analysis revealed several points. In the SCD group, brain-strengthening exercise and interpersonal relationship scores were negatively correlated with TMT scores (β = -11.257, -15.077; all p < 0.05), while health responsibility, smoking control behavior, and interpersonal relationship scores were positively correlated with AVLT scores (β = 0.485, 0.344, and 0.406; all p < 0.05). In the MCI Group, brain-strengthening exercise, brain-healthy diet, and interpersonal relationship were negatively correlated with TMT (β = -22.011, -16.206, -11.696; all p < 0.01), whereas health responsibility, mental activity, smoking control behavior, interpersonal relationship, and stress management were positively correlated with AVLT (β = 0.450, 0.435, 0.308, 0.256, 0.607; all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In Chinese communities, the unhealthy lifestyle of elderly individuals with SCD and MCI is significantly associated with cognitive function impairment. The greater their unhealthy lifestyle habits, the more pronounced the scope and severity of cognitive function impairment becomes. Furthermore, different dimensions of lifestyle have varying impacts on cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi 214151, China
- Department of Nursing, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li Hu Avenue, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi 214151, China
| | - Zhiqun Mao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi 214151, China
| | - Jiajun Yin
- Department of Medical Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi 214151, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Psychotherapy, the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi 214151, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi 214151, China
- Department of Nursing, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li Hu Avenue, Wuxi 214062, China
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Zhang N, Zhang R, Jiang L, Gao Z, Xia W, Ma X, Qin Y, Zhang D, Li J, Tian P, Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhang K, Xu S, Zhao N, Xu S. Inhibition of colorectal cancer in Alzheimer's disease is mediated by gut microbiota via induction of inflammatory tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314337121. [PMID: 39226363 PMCID: PMC11406296 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314337121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse relationship between the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine whether the incidence of CRC is reduced in AD-like mice and whether gut microbiota confers resistance to tumorigenesis through inducing inflammatory tolerance using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). AD-like mice experienced a significantly decreased incidence of CRC tumorigenesis induced by azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate as evidenced by suppressed intestinal inflammation compared with control mice. However, FMT from age-matched control mice reversed the inhibitory effects on the tumorigenesis of CRC and inflammatory response in AD-like mice. The key bacterial genera in gut microbiota, including Prevotella, were increased in both the AD-like mice and in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) but were decreased in patients with CRC. Pretreatment with low-dose Prevotella-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammatory tolerance both in vivo and in vitro and inhibited CRC tumorigenesis in mice. Imbalanced gut microbiota increased intestinal barrier permeability, which facilitated LPS absorption from the gut into the blood, causing cognitive decline in AD-like mice and patients with aMCI. These data reveal that intestinal Prevotella-derived LPS exerts a resistant effect to CRC tumorigenesis via inducing inflammatory tolerance in the presence of AD. These findings provide biological evidence demonstrating the inverse relationship between the incidence of AD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Gao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhen Xia
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Qin
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazheng Li
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Tian
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchang Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixia Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunjiang Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Zheng C, Zheng Y, Wen K, Zhang Y. Distinct functional diversity of branched oligosaccharides as chaperones and inhibitory-binding partners of amyloid beta-protein and its aggregates. Neuropharmacology 2024; 261:110141. [PMID: 39251087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation and deposition of amyloid beta-protein 1-42 (Aβ42) in the brain, primarily owing to hydrophobic interactions between Aβ42 chains, is a common pathology in all forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hydrophilic oligosaccharides are widely present in the extracellular matrix and on the cytoplasmic membrane. To determine if oligosaccharides bind to Aβ42 or its aggregates and consequently affect their aggregation and cellular function, this study examined the interaction of typical functional oligosaccharides with Aβ42 or its aggregates. Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs), particularly isomaltotriose, panose, and isomaltotetraose, functioned as molecular chaperones for Aβ42 by binding directly to Aβ42, preserving Aβ42's active conformation and cytotrophic activity. Oral IMOs reduced total plasma Aβ level and indirectly caused a slight reduction in the load of Aβ42 spots/plaques in the brain of AD model mice (male). Another branched oligosaccharide, bianntennary core pentasaccharide (BCP), had a relatively high binding specificity for Aβ42 oligomers (Aβ42O) and acted as an antagonistic binding partner for Aβ42O. Free BCP effectively blocked/prevented further assembly of Aβ42O and their toxicity to neural and vascular endothelial cell lines. Since BCP is also a signaling component of membrane targets (glycolipids, glycoproteins or receptors), it seemed that BCP had two opposing effects on the binding of Aβ42O to target cells. This study's findings suggest that these branched oligosaccharides may be potential candidates for blocking or preventing Aβ42 aggregation and Aβ42O cytotoxicity/neurotoxicity, respectively, and that IMO-like or free BCP-like oligosaccharide deficiencies in the brain may be one of the underlying mechanisms for Aβ42 aggregation and Aβ42O cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Changxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanru Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Kai Wen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yingjiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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9
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Shekho D, Mishra R, Kamal R, Bhatia R, Awasthi A. Breaking Barriers in Alzheimer's Disease: the Role of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:207. [PMID: 39237748 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive impairment, brain plaques, and tangles, is a global health concern affecting millions. It involves the build-up of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins, the formation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic system dysfunction, genetic variations, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Various signaling pathways and metabolic processes are implicated in AD, along with numerous biomarkers used for diagnosis, risk assessment, and research. Despite these, there is no cure or effective treatment for AD. It is critically important to address this immediately to develop novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) capable of targeting the brain and delivering therapeutic agents to modulate the pathological processes of AD. This review summarizes AD, its pathogenesis, related signaling pathways, biomarkers, conventional treatments, the need for NDDS, and their application in AD treatment. It also covers preclinical, clinical, and ongoing trials, patents, and marketed AD formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devank Shekho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kamal
- Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
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10
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Wu M, Cheng Y, Zhang R, Han W, Jiang H, Bi C, Zhang Z, Ye M, Lin X, Liu Z. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategy of bile acids in Alzheimer's disease from the emerging perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117228. [PMID: 39088965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β outside neurons and Tau protein inside neurons. Various pathological mechanisms are implicated in AD, including brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and endocrinal dysregulation of adrenal corticosteroids. These factors collectively contribute to neuronal damage and destruction. Recently, bile acids (BAs), which are metabolites of cholesterol, have shown neuroprotective potential against AD by targeting the above pathological changes. BAs can enter the systematic circulation and cross the blood-brain barrier, subsequently exerting neuroprotective effects by targeting several endogenous receptors. Additionally, BAs interact with the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis to improve immune and neuroendocrine function during AD episodes. Gut microbes impact BA signaling in the brain through their involvement in BA biotransformation. In this review, we summarize the role and molecular mechanisms of BAs in AD while considering the MGB axis and propose novel strategies for preventing the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyi Cheng
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Han
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanqi Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenchen Bi
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfei Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuqin Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Shen Y, Liu F, Zhang M. Therapeutic potential of plant-derived natural compounds in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117235. [PMID: 39094545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) with roles in sensing, housekeeping, and defense. Exploring the role of microglia in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the possible therapeutic mechanism of plant-derived natural compounds (PDNCs) that regulate microglia-associated neuroinflammation may potentially help in elucidating the pathogenesis of AD and provide novel insights for its treatment. This review explores the role of abnormal microglial activation and its dominant neuroinflammatory response, as well as the activation of their target receptors and signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis. Additionally, we report an update on the potential pharmacological mechanisms of multiple PDNCs in modulating microglia-associated neuroinflammation in AD treatment. Dysregulated activation of microglial receptors and their downstream pathways impaired immune homeostasis in animal models of AD. Multiple signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and Toll-like receptors, play important roles in microglial activation and can exacerbate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. PDNCs, such as magnolol, stigmasterol, matrine, naringenin, naringin, and resveratrol, can delay the progression of AD by inhibiting the proinflammatory receptors of microglia, activating its anti-inflammatory receptors, regulating the receptors related to β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance, reversing immune dysregulation, and maintaining the immune homeostasis of microglial downstream pathways. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which microglia cause chronic inflammation in AD and evaluates the beneficial effects of PDNCs on immune regulation in AD by regulating microglial receptors and their downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
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12
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Kim Y, Lim J, Oh J. Taming neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: The protective role of phytochemicals through the gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117277. [PMID: 39126772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative neurological condition characterized by cognitive decline, primarily affecting memory and logical thinking, attributed to amyloid-β plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal loss and brain atrophy. Neuroinflammation, a hallmark of AD, involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes in response to pathological changes, potentially exacerbating neuronal damage. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication pathway between the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, crucial for maintaining brain health. Phytochemicals, natural compounds found in plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, such as flavonoids, curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin, have emerged as potential modulators of this axis, suggesting implications for AD prevention. Intake of phytochemicals influences the gut microbial composition and its metabolites, thereby impacting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods may promote a healthy gut microbiota, fostering the production of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective substances. Early dietary incorporation of phytochemicals offers a non-invasive strategy for modulating the gut-brain axis and potentially reducing AD risk or delaying its onset. The exploration of interventions targeting the gut-brain axis through phytochemical intake represents a promising avenue for the development of preventive or therapeutic strategies against AD initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jisun Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
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Cocean AM, Vodnar DC. Exploring the gut-brain Axis: Potential therapeutic impact of Psychobiotics on mental health. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111073. [PMID: 38914414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
One of the most challenging and controversial issues in microbiome research is related to gut microbial metabolism and neuropsychological disorders. Psychobiotics affect human behavior and central nervous system processes via the gut-brain axis, involving neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways. They have therapeutic potential in the treatment of several neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, anorexia nervosa, and multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between psychobiotics and the abovementioned diseases need further exploration. This review focuses on the relationship between gut microbiota and its impact on neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, examining the potential of psychobiotics as a preventive and therapeutic approach, summarising recent research on the gut-brain axis and the potential beneficial effects of psychobiotics, highlighting the need for further research and investigation in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Cocean
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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14
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Chen G, Jin Y, Chu C, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Zhu X. Genetic prediction of blood metabolites mediating the relationship between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1414977. [PMID: 39224217 PMCID: PMC11366617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1414977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have suggested an association between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the causal relationship remains unclear, and the role of blood metabolites in this association remains elusive. Purpose To elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and AD and to investigate whether blood metabolites serve as potential mediators. Materials and methods Univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analysis was employed to assess the causal relationship between gut microbiota and AD, while multivariable MR (MVMR) was utilized to mitigate confounding factors. Subsequently, a two-step mediation MR approach was employed to explore the role of blood metabolites as potential mediators. We primarily utilized the inverse variance-weighted method to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome, and sensitivity analyses including Contamination mixture, Maximum-likelihood, Debiased inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger, Bayesian Weighted Mendelian randomization, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier were conducted to address pleiotropy. Results After adjustment for reverse causality and MVMR correction, class Actinobacteria (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p = 0.006), family Lactobacillaceae (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05, p = 0.017), genus Lachnoclostridium (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06, p = 0.019), genus Ruminiclostridium9 (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00, p = 0.027) and genus Ruminiclostridium6 (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05, p = 0.009) exhibited causal effects on AD. Moreover, 1-ribosyl-imidazoleacetate levels (-6.62%), Metabolonic lactone sulfate levels (2.90%), and Nonadecanoate (19:0) levels (-12.17%) mediated the total genetic predictive effects of class Actinobacteria on AD risk. Similarly, 2-stearoyl-GPE (18:0) levels (-9.87%), Octadecanedioylcarnitine (C18-DC) levels (4.44%), 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-oleoyl-GPE (p-18:0/18:1) levels (38.66%), and X-23639 levels (13.28%) respectively mediated the total genetic predictive effects of family Lactobacillaceae on AD risk. Furthermore, Hexadecanedioate (C16-DC) levels (5.45%) mediated the total genetic predictive effects of genus Ruminiclostridium 6 on AD risk; Indole-3-carboxylate levels (13.91%), X-13431 levels (7.08%), Alpha-ketoglutarate to succinate ratio (-13.91%), 3-phosphoglycerate to glycerate ratio (15.27%), and Succinate to proline ratio (-14.64%) respectively mediated the total genetic predictive effects of genus Ruminiclostridium 9 on AD risk. Conclusion Our mediation MR analysis provides genetic evidence suggesting the potential mediating role of blood metabolites in the causal relationship between gut microbiota and AD. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate the role of blood metabolites in the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Chen
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yaxian Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Cancan Chu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuhao Zheng
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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15
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Ren Y, Sun Y, Liao YY, Wang S, Liu Q, Duan CY, Sun L, Li XY, Yuan JL. Mechanisms of action and applications of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide at the intestinal mucosa barrier: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1421607. [PMID: 39224782 PMCID: PMC11366640 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1421607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
As a medicinal and edible homologous Chinese herb, Polygonatum sibiricum has been used as a primary ingredient in various functional and medicinal products. Damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier can lead to or worsen conditions such as type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Traditional Chinese medicine and its bioactive components can help prevent and manage these conditions by restoring the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. This review delves into the mode of action of P. sibiricum polysaccharide in disease prevention and management through the restoration of the intestinal barrier. Polysaccharide from P. sibiricum effectively treats conditions by repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, offering insights for treating complex diseases and supporting the application of P. sibiricum in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Diseasein Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Diseasein Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Si Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Diseasein Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Diseasein Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Duan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lan Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Diseasein Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Diseasein Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Li Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Diseasein Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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16
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Zhao M, Wang Y, Shen Y, Wei C, Zhang G, Sun L. A review of the roles of pathogens in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1439055. [PMID: 39224577 PMCID: PMC11366636 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1439055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of dementia and is characterized by memory loss, mental and behavioral abnormalities, and impaired ability to perform daily activities. Even as a global disease that threatens human health, effective treatments to slow the progression of AD have not been found, despite intensive research and significant investment. In recent years, the role of infections in the etiology of AD has sparked intense debate. Pathogens invade the central nervous system through a damaged blood-brain barrier or nerve trunk and disrupt the neuronal structure and function as well as homeostasis of the brain microenvironment through a series of molecular biological events. In this review, we summarize the various pathogens involved in AD pathology, discuss potential interactions between pathogens and AD, and provide an overview of the promising future of anti-pathogenic therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Li Y, Qiu L, Zhang C. Healthy Dietary Pattern Improves Cognitive Function in Elderly Persons With Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)01400-X. [PMID: 39153892 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Cognitive decline is thought to be more prevalent in elderly persons with periodontitis. Greater adherence to Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 has been reported to improve cognitive function in the elderly population. However, whether the benefits of HEI-2015 on cognitive function apply to elderly patients with periodontitis remains unknown. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The data were extracted from database 2011-2014. Cognitive function was measured through the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease battery for immediate recall (CERAD-WL) and delayed recall (CERAD-DR), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The data of HEI-2015 were acquired from 24-hour dietary recalls. Weighted linear regression models were performed to investigate the association between HEI-2015 and cognitive function in elderly patients with periodontitis. The associations were further investigated in subgroups of sex, cardiovascular disease status, and depression status. RESULTS A total of 1862 participants were included, and 1223 of them had periodontitis. Periodontitis was negatively associated with cognitive function (β = -0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.87 to -0.03). No statistically significant relationship was observed between HEI-2015 and cognitive function (β = 0.33; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.69). Low HEI-2015 score was associated with high odds of cognitive decline in patients with periodontitis (β = -0.73; 95% CI, -1.25 to -0.21; P for trend = .01). Higher HEI-2015 was related to the lower incidence of cognitive function decline in patients with periodontitis who were female (β = -0.53; 95% CI, -1.03 to -0.03), had a socioeconomic status from 0 to 3 (β = -0.55; 95% CI, -1.00 to -0.09), did not have cardiovascular disease (β = -0.60; 95% CI, -1.14 to -0.05), and did not have depression (β = -0.57; 95% CI, -1.11 to -0.03). CONCLUSIONS Greater HEI-2015 adherence may improve cognitive function amongst elderly patients with periodontitis. Further studies are needed to investigate this putative association in elderly persons with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Medicine, Anqing Medical College, Anqing, Anhui, P.R. China; Anqing Zhu Xiaolong Dental Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Ling Qiu
- Anqing Zhu Xiaolong Dental Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chengbin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Ma'anshan Elderly Healthcare Research Institute, Ma'anshan, Anhui, P.R. China
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18
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Chen CW, Chen HC, She SC, Lai CT, Chen WJ, Kuo TBJ, Yang CCH. Levilactobacillus brevis SG031 modulates mood-related behaviors and attenuates stress-related sleep disturbance and autonomic dysfunction via gut microbiota modulation in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Life Sci 2024; 351:122804. [PMID: 38852801 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The probiotic bacterium Levilactobacillus brevis (L. brevis) has been proposed as a potential solution to manage mood disorders and alleviate stress-related sleep disturbances. However, the underlying mechanisms of its effects have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the impact and potential mechanisms of L. brevis SG031 supplementation on anxiety/depression-like behaviors and stress-induced changes in sleep patterns and sleep-related autonomic function. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were administered low, medium, or high doses of L. brevis SG031 or a vehicle for 4 weeks, followed by behavioral tests to evaluate anxiety and depression. After an additional 2 weeks of SG031 or vehicle administration, a cage-exchange paradigm was performed with 24-hour physiological signal measurements under different stress conditions. Fecal samples were collected to construct a 16S rRNA library and assess fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). KEY FINDINGS High-dose SG031 administration yielded reduced depression-like responses and enhanced social interaction in behavioral tests. It also exhibited a protective effect against stress-induced sleep disturbance characterized by decreased sleep time, increased awake time, and autonomic dysfunction during sleep. Fecal examination indicated that high-dose SG031 administration exerted beneficial effects on gut health by maintaining the gut microbial abundance, preserving stability of the microbial composition, and enriching the gut with SCFAs, which were associated with improvements in sleep and autonomic function. SIGNIFICANCE These findings collectively underscore the multifaceted potential of SG031 in addressing mental health and stress-related sleep challenges through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Wen Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health and Leisure Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh She
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Lai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- College of Management, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Mind and Brain Medicine, Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl C H Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lana D, Traini C, Bulli I, Sarti G, Magni G, Attorre S, Giovannini MG, Vannucchi MG. Chronic administration of prebiotics and probiotics ameliorates pathophysiological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease in a APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1451114. [PMID: 39166107 PMCID: PMC11333230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1451114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gut microbiota (MB), although one of the main producers of Aβ in the body, in physiological conditions contributes to the maintainance of a healthy brain. Dysbiosis, the dysbalance between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in the MB increases Aβ production, contributing to the accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brain, the main histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Administration of prebiotics and probiotics, maintaining or recovering gut-MB composition, could represent a nutraceutical strategy to prevent or reduce AD sympthomathology. Aim of this research was to evaluate whether treatment with pre- and probiotics could modify the histopathological signs of neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of a transgenic mouse model of AD (APP/PS1 mice). The hippocampus is one of the brain regions involved in AD. Methods: Tg mice and Wt littermates (Wt-T and Tg-T) were fed daily for 6 months from 2 months of age with a diet supplemented with prebiotics (a multi-extract of fibers and plant complexes, containing inulin/fruit-oligosaccharides) and probiotics (a 50%-50% mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei). Controls were Wt and Tg mice fed with a standard diet. Brain sections were immunostained for Aβ plaques, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and inflammatory proteins that were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy and digital imaging with ImageJ software. Results: Quantitative analyses demonstrated that: 1) The treatment with pre- and probiotics significantly decreased Aβ plaques in CA3, while in CA1 the reduction was not significant; 2) Neuronal damage in CA1 Stratum Pyramidalis was significantly prevented in Tg-T mice; no damage was found in CA3; 3) In both CA1 and CA3 the treatment significantly increased astrocytes density, and GFAP and IBA1 expression, especially around plaques; 4) Microglia reacted differently in CA1 and CA3: in CA3 of Tg-T mice there was a significant increase of CD68+ phagocytic microglia (ball-and-chain phenomic) and of CX3CR1 compared with CA1. Discussion: The higher microglia reactivity could be responsible for their more efficient scavenging activity towards Aβ plaques in CA3 in comparison to CA1. Treatment with pre- and probiotics, modifying many of the physiopathological hallmarks of AD, could be considered an effective nutraceutical strategy against AD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lana
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Traini
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Bulli
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sarti
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Magni
- Cnr — Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Selene Attorre
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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20
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Chen X, Wei J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Dysregulation of Gut Microbiota-Derived Neuromodulatory Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: An Integrative Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:306-320. [PMID: 38752697 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although accumulating evidence implicating altered gut microbiota in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and neurodegenerative disorders; however, the association between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and metabolites in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains unclear. METHODS Fecal and plasma samples were obtained from 3 cohorts (HAND, HIV-non-HAND, and healthy controls), metagenomic analysis and metabolomic profiling were performed to investigate alterations in the gut microbial composition and circulating metabolites in HAND. RESULTS The gut microbiota of people living with HIV (PLWH) had an increased relative abundance of Prevotella and a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides. In contrast, Prevotella and Megamonas were substantially decreased, and Bacteroides and Phocaeicola were increased in HAND patients. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics identified several neurotransmitters and certain amino acids associated with neuromodulation, and the differential metabolic pathways of amino acids associated with neurocognition were depleted in HAND patients. Notably, most neuromodulatory metabolites are associated with an altered abundance of specific gut bacteria. INTERPRETATION Our findings provide new insights into the intricate interplay between the gut and microbiome-brain axis in the pathogenesis of HAND, highlighting the potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies that specifically target the gut microbiota. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:306-320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Prajapati SK, Pathak A, Samaiya PK. Alzheimer's disease: from early pathogenesis to novel therapeutic approaches. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:1231-1254. [PMID: 39046584 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The mainstay behind Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown due to the elusive pathophysiology of the disease. Beta-amyloid and phosphorylated Tau is still widely incorporated in various research studies while studying AD. However, they are not sufficient. Therefore, many scientists and researchers have dug into AD studies to deliver many innovations in this field. Many novel biomarkers, such as phosphoglycerate-dehydrogenase, clusterin, microRNA, and a new peptide ratio (Aβ37/Aβ42) in cerebral-spinal fluid, plasma glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein, and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, are mushrooming. They are helping scientists find breakthroughs and substantiating their research on the early detection of AD. Neurovascular unit dysfunction in AD is a significant discovery that can help us understand the relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow. These new biomarkers are promising and can take these AD studies to another level. There have also been big steps forward in diagnosing and finding AD. One example is self-administered-gerocognitive-examination, which is less expensive and better at finding AD early on than mini-mental-state-examination. Quantum brain sensors and electrochemical biosensors are innovations in the detection field that must be explored and incorporated into the studies. Finally, novel innovations in AD studies like nanotheranostics are the future of AD treatment, which can not only diagnose and detect AD but also offer treatment. Non-pharmacological strategies to treat AD have also yielded interesting results. Our literature review spans from 1957 to 2022, capturing research and trends in the field over six decades. This review article is an update not only on the recent advances in the search for credible biomarkers but also on the newer detection techniques and therapeutic approaches targeting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Bhavdiya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Ayodhya, UP, India
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Arjit Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, 452003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet K Samaiya
- Department of Pharmacy Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, 452003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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22
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Dou L, Peng Y, Zhang B, Yang H, Zheng K. Immune Remodeling during Aging and the Clinical Significance of Immunonutrition in Healthy Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1588-1601. [PMID: 37815906 PMCID: PMC11272210 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in the immune system and the gut microbiota. Immunosenescence may lead to a low-grade, sterile chronic inflammation in a multifactorial and dynamic way, which plays a critical role in most age-related diseases. Age-related changes in the gut microbiota also shape the immune and inflammatory responses. Nutrition is a determinant of immune function and of the gut microbiota. Immunonutrion has been regarded as a new strategy for disease prevention and management, including many age-related diseases. However, the understanding of the cause-effect relationship is required to be more certain about the role of immunonutrition in supporting the immune homeostasis and its clinical relevance in elderly individuals. Herein, we review the remarkable quantitative and qualitative changes during aging that contribute to immunosenescence, inflammaging and microbial dysbiosis, and the effects on late-life health conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical significance of immunonutrition in the treatment of age-related diseases by systematically reviewing its modulation of the immune system and the gut microbiota to clarify the effect of immunonutrition-based interventions on the healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dou
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Huiyuan Yang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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23
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Kuźniar J, Kozubek P, Czaja M, Leszek J. Correlation between Alzheimer's Disease and Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders. Nutrients 2024; 16:2366. [PMID: 39064809 PMCID: PMC11279885 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia globally. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and includes deposition of amyloid-β in the central nervous system, presence of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles and a decreased amount of synapses. It remains uncertain what causes the progression of the disease. Nowadays, it is suggested that the brain is connected to the gastrointestinal tract, especially the enteric nervous system and gut microbiome. Studies have found a positive association between AD and gastrointestinal diseases such as periodontitis, Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease and microbiome disorders. H. pylori and its metabolites can enter the CNS via the oropharyngeal olfactory pathway and may predispose to the onset and progression of AD. Periodontitis may cause systemic inflammation of low severity with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide from oral bacteria accompanies beta-amyloid in plaques that form in the brain. Increased intestinal permeability in IBS leads to neuronal inflammation from transference. Chronic inflammation may lead to beta-amyloid plaque formation in the intestinal tract that spreads to the brain via the vagus nerve. The microbiome plays an important role in many bodily functions, such as nutrient absorption and vitamin production, but it is also an important factor in the development of many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Both the quantity and diversity of the microbiome change significantly in patients with AD and even in people in the preclinical stage of the disease, when symptoms are not yet present. The microbiome influences the functioning of the central nervous system through, among other things, the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Given the involvement of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD, antibiotic therapy, probiotics and prebiotics, and faecal transplantation are being considered as possible therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kuźniar
- Student Scientific Group of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Patrycja Kozubek
- Student Scientific Group of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Czaja
- Student Scientific Group of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
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24
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Fei SF, Hou C, Jia F. Effects of salidroside on atherosclerosis: potential contribution of gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1400981. [PMID: 39092226 PMCID: PMC11292615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1400981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Much research describes gut microbiota in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) for that the composition of the intestinal microbiome or its metabolites can directly participate in the development of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and its adverse complications. Salidroside, a natural phenylpropane glycoside, exhibits promising biological activity against the progression of ASCVD. Recent studies suggested that the gut microbiota played a crucial role in mediating the diverse beneficial effects of salidroside on health. Here, we describe the protective effects of salidroside against the progression of atherosclerosis. Salidroside regulates the abundance of gut microbiotas and gut microbe-dependent metabolites. Moreover, salidroside improves intestinal barrier function and maintains intestinal epithelial barrier function integrity. In addition, salidroside attenuates the inflammatory responses exacerbated by gut microbiota disturbance. This review delves into how salidroside functions to ameliorate atherosclerosis by focusing on its interaction with gut microbiota, uncovering the potential roles of gut microbiota in the diverse biological impacts of salidroside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fang Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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25
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Soni D, Upadhayay S, Dhureja M, Arthur R, Kumar P. Crosstalk between gut-brain axis: unveiling the mysteries of gut ROS in progression of Parkinson's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01510-2. [PMID: 38992324 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
"Path to a good mood lies through the gut." This statement seems to imply that it has long been believed that the gut is connected with the brain. Research has shown that eating food activates the reward system and releases dopamine (DA), establishing a link between the peripheral and central nervous system. At the same time, researchers also trust that the gut is involved in the onset of many diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), in which gastrointestinal dysfunction is considered a prevalent symptom. Reports suggest that PD starts from the gut and reaches the brain via the vagus nerve. Recent studies have revealed an intriguing interaction between the gut and brain, which links gut dysbiosis to the etiology of PD. This review aims to explore the mechanistic pathway how reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the gut affects the makeup and operation of the dopamine circuitry in the brain. Our primary concern is ROS generation in the gut, which disrupts the gut microbiome (GM), causing α-synuclein accumulation and inflammation. This trio contributes to the loss of DA neurons in the brain, resulting in PD development. This review also compiles pre-clinical and clinical studies on antioxidants, demonstrating that antioxidants reduce ROS and increase DA levels. Collectively, the study highlights the necessity of comprehending the gut-brain axis for unraveling the riddles of PD pathogenesis and considering new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Maanvi Dhureja
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Richmond Arthur
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
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26
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Weng H, Deng L, Wang T, Xu H, Wu J, Zhou Q, Yu L, Chen B, Huang L, Qu Y, Zhou L, Chen X. Humid heat environment causes anxiety-like disorder via impairing gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5697. [PMID: 38972900 PMCID: PMC11228019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate and environmental changes threaten human mental health, but the impacts of specific environmental conditions on neuropsychiatric disorders remain largely unclear. Here, we show the impact of a humid heat environment on the brain and the gut microbiota using a conditioned housing male mouse model. We demonstrate that a humid heat environment can cause anxiety-like behaviour in male mice. Microbial 16 S rRNA sequencing analysis reveals that a humid heat environment caused gut microbiota dysbiosis (e.g., decreased abundance of Lactobacillus murinus), and metabolomics reveals an increase in serum levels of secondary bile acids (e.g., lithocholic acid). Moreover, increased neuroinflammation is indicated by the elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and cortex, activated PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling and a microglial response in the cortex. Strikingly, transplantation of the microbiota from mice reared in a humid heat environment readily recapitulates these abnormalities in germ-free mice, and these abnormalities are markedly reversed by Lactobacillus murinus administration. Human samples collected during the humid heat season also show a decrease in Lactobacillus murinus abundance and an increase in the serum lithocholic acid concentration. In conclusion, gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a humid heat environment drives the progression of anxiety disorders by impairing bile acid metabolism and enhancing neuroinflammation, and probiotic administration is a potential therapeutic strategy for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huandi Weng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Huachong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jialin Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Qinji Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Lingtai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Boli Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Li'an Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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Sadler RA, Shoveller AK, Shandilya UK, Charchoglyan A, Wagter-Lesperance L, Bridle BW, Mallard BA, Karrow NA. Beyond the Coagulation Cascade: Vitamin K and Its Multifaceted Impact on Human and Domesticated Animal Health. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7001-7031. [PMID: 39057059 PMCID: PMC11276079 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) is an essential micronutrient impacting many systems in the body. This lipid-soluble vitamin is found in various plant and animal products and is absorbed via the lymphatic system. This biomolecule's importance to human health includes but is not limited to its promotion of brain, cardiovascular, bone, and immune functions. These biological properties are also necessary for maintaining domesticated animal health. The synergistic impact of both VK and vitamin D (VD) maximizes these health benefits, specifically for the circulatory and skeletal systems. This manuscript reviews VK's properties, molecular structures, nutrikinetics, mechanisms of action, daily requirements, safety in supplemental form, biomarkers used for its detection, and impacts on various organs. The purpose of synthesizing this information is to evaluate the potential uses of VK for the treatment or prevention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka A. Sadler
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.A.S.); (A.K.S.); (U.K.S.)
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.A.S.); (A.K.S.); (U.K.S.)
| | - Umesh K. Shandilya
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.A.S.); (A.K.S.); (U.K.S.)
| | - Armen Charchoglyan
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada; (A.C.); (L.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
- Advanced Analysis Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lauraine Wagter-Lesperance
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada; (A.C.); (L.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada; (A.C.); (L.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bonnie A. Mallard
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada; (A.C.); (L.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.A.S.); (A.K.S.); (U.K.S.)
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada; (A.C.); (L.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
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28
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Yang Y, Xu Z, Guo J, Xiong Z, Hu B. Exploring the gut microbiome-Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction connection: Mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100763. [PMID: 38682010 PMCID: PMC11052898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) is a common yet poorly understood complication of surgery that can lead to long-term cognitive decline. The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gut microbiota, plays a significant role in maintaining cognitive health. The potential for anesthetic agents and perioperative medications to modulate the gut microbiota and influence the trajectory of POCD suggests the need for a more integrated approach in perioperative care. Perioperative medications, including opioids and antibiotics, further compound these disruptions, leading to dysbiosis and consequent systemic and neuroinflammation implicated in cognitive impairment. Understanding how surgical interventions and associated treatments affect this relationship is crucial for developing strategies to reduce the incidence of POCD. Strategies to preserve and promote a healthy gut microbiome may mitigate the risk and severity of POCD. Future research should aim to clarify the mechanisms linking gut flora alterations to cognitive outcomes and explore targeted interventions, such as probiotic supplementation and microbiota-friendly prescription practices, to safeguard cognitive function postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- School of Gongli Hospital Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Baoji Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
- School of Gongli Hospital Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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Chen J, Zou C, Guan H, Zhou X, Hou L, Cui Y, Xu J, Luan P, Zheng D. Caloric restriction leading to attenuation of experimental Alzheimer's disease results from alterations in gut microbiome. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14823. [PMID: 38992870 PMCID: PMC11239325 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caloric restriction (CR) might be effective for alleviating/preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the biological mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we explored whether CR caused an alteration of gut microbiome and resulted in the attenuation of cognitive impairment of AD animal model. METHODS Thirty-week-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice were used as AD models (AD mouse). CR was achieved by 30% reduction of daily free feeding (ad libitum, AL) amount. The mice were fed with CR protocol or AL protocol for six consecutive weeks. RESULTS We found that with CR treatment, AD mice showed improved ability of learning and spatial memory, and lower levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, IL-1β, TNF-α, and ROS in the brain. By sequencing 16S rDNA, we found that CR treatment resulted in significant diversity in composition and abundance of gut flora. At the phylum level, Deferribacteres (0.04%), Patescibacteria (0.14%), Tenericutes (0.03%), and Verrucomicrobia (0.5%) were significantly decreased in CR-treated AD mice; at the genus level, Dubosiella (10.04%), Faecalibaculum (0.04%), and Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002 (0.01%) were significantly increased in CR-treated AD mice by comparing with AL diet. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the attenuation of AD following CR treatment in APP/PS1 mice may result from alterations in the gut microbiome. Thus, gut flora could be a new target for AD prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cong Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongbing Guan
- Guangdong Yunzhao Medical Technology Co., Ltd.GuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Le Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yayong Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junhua Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ping Luan
- School of Basic Medical SciencesShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Wang Y, Jia Y, Xu Q, Yang P, Sun L, Liu Y, Chang X, He Y, Shi M, Guo D, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Association of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis with the risk of neurological diseases: a large-scale Mendelian randomization study. J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s10038-024-01271-4. [PMID: 38951193 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies suggested increased risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to assess the causality for the associations of CD and UC with the risks of AD, PD, and MS through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CD (17,897 cases and 33,977 controls) and UC (13,768 cases and 33,977 controls) were identified as genetic instruments based on a European-descent genome-wide association study (GWAS) released by the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium. Summary statistics for AD (combined: 25,881 cases and 256,837 controls), PD (combined: 35,836 cases and 665,686 controls), and MS (combined: 48,477 cases and 285,515 controls) were obtained from the largest GWASs and FinnGen study of European ancestry, respectively. MR estimates were generated using the inverse-variance weighted method in the main analysis with a series of sensitivity analyses. MR analyses were conducted per outcome database and were subsequently meta-analyzed to generate combined estimates. Genetically predicted UC was significantly associated with increased risks of AD (combined: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05; P = 1.80 × 10-3) and MS (combined: OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23-1.53; P = 1.18 × 10-8), while there was no association between genetically predicted UC and the risk of PD. In contrast, no significant associations were observed for genetically predicted CD with AD, PD, and MS. MR-Egger regression showed no directional pleiotropy for the identified associations, and sensitivity analyses with different MR methods further confirmed these findings. This study suggested significant adverse effects of UC on AD and MS, highlighting that UC patients should receive early intervention with optimal adjunctive medical therapy to reduce the risks of AD and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Du L, Yang D, Wu L, Mei L, Wu S, Ba Y, Bao Y, Su R, Song L. Integration of Gut Microbiota, Serum Metabolomic, and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Anti Insomnia Mechanism of Mongolian Medicine Sugemule-4 Decoction on Insomnia Model Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2617-2639. [PMID: 38957410 PMCID: PMC11217142 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s455600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explored the potential molecular mechanism of Sugemule-4 decoction (MMS-4D) in treating insomnia. Methods DL-4-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) + chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation (CUMS) was used to induce an insomnia model in rats. After the model was successfully established, MMS-4D was intervened at low, medium, and high doses for 7 days. The open-field test (OFT) was used to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy. The potential mechanism of MMS-4D in treating insomnia was investigated using gut microbiota, serum metabolomics, and network pharmacology (NP). Experimental validation of the main components of the key pathways was carried out using ELISA and Western blot. Results The weights of the insomnia-model rats were significantly raised (p ≤ 0.05), the total exercise distance in the OFT increased (p ≤ 0.05), the rest time shortened, and the number of standing times increased (p ≤ 0.05), after treatment with MMS-4D. Moreover, there was a substantial recovery in the 5-HT, DA, GABA, and Glu levels in the hypothalamus tissue and the 5-HT and GABA levels in the colon tissue of rats. The expression of DAT and DRD1 proteins in the hippocampus of insomnia rats reduced after drug treatment. MMS-4D may treat insomnia by regulating different crucial pathways including 5-HT -, DA -, GABA -, and Glu-mediated neuroactive light receiver interaction, cAMP signaling pathway, serotonergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic synapses. Conclusion This study revealed that MMS-4D can improve the general state and behavioral changes of insomnia model rats. Its mechanism may be related to the reversal of abnormal pathways mediated by 5-HT, DA, GABA, and Glu, such as Serotonergic synapse, Dopaminergic synapse, Glutamatergic synapse, and GABAergic synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Du
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Innovative Mongolian Medical Engineering Research Center, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Wu
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Mei
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sarula Wu
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasula Ba
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Bao
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rigugaqiqige Su
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Mongolian Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
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Barber AJ, Del Genio CL, Swain AB, Pizzi EM, Watson SC, Tapiavala VN, Zanazzi GJ, Gaur AB. Age, sex and Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study of 3xTg-AD mice reveals sex-specific disease trajectories and inflammatory responses mirrored in postmortem brains from Alzheimer's patients. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:134. [PMID: 38909241 PMCID: PMC11193202 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and sex are major risk factors for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Compared to men, women experience worse neuropathological burden and cognitive decline despite living longer with the disease. Similarly, male 3xTg-AD mice, developed to model Alzheimer's disease, no longer consistently exhibit standard Alzheimer's neuropathology yet experience higher rates of mortality - providing a unique opportunity to further elucidate this dichotomy. We hypothesized that sex differences in the biological aging process yield distinct pathological and molecular Alzheimer's disease signatures in males and females, which could be harnessed for therapeutic and biomarker development. METHODS We aged male and female, 3xTg-AD and B6129 control mice across their respective lifespans (n = 3-8 mice per sex, strain, and age group) and longitudinally assessed neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, markers of hepatic inflammation, splenic mass and morphology, as well as plasma cytokine levels. We conducted RNA sequencing analysis on bulk brain tissue and examined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 3xTg-AD and B6129 samples and across ages in each sex. We also examined DEGs between clinical Alzheimer's and control parahippocampal gyrus brain tissue samples from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank study in each sex. RESULTS 3xTg-AD females significantly outlived 3xTg-AD males and exhibited progressive Alzheimer's neuropathology, while 3xTg-AD males demonstrated progressive hepatic inflammation, splenomegaly, circulating inflammatory proteins, and minimal Alzheimer's neuropathological hallmarks. Instead, 3xTg-AD males experienced an accelerated upregulation of immune-related gene expression in the brain relative to females. Our clinical investigations revealed that individuals with Alzheimer's disease develop similar sex-specific alterations in neuronal and immune function. In diseased males of both species, we observed greater upregulation of complement-related gene expression, and lipopolysaccharide was predicted as the top upstream regulator of DEGs. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that chronic inflammation and complement activation are associated with increased mortality, indicating that age-related changes in immune response contribute to sex differences in Alzheimer's disease trajectories. We provide evidence that aging and transgene-driven disease progression trigger a widespread inflammatory response in 3xTg-AD males, which mimics the impact of lipopolysaccharide stimulation despite the absence of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Barber
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Carmen L Del Genio
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth M Pizzi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - George J Zanazzi
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Arti B Gaur
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Integrative Neuroscience at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Guo J, Cao Y, Zhang T, Xu C, Liu Z, Li W, Wang Q. Multisensory Fusion Training and 7, 8-Dihydroxyflavone Improve Amyloid-β-Induced Cognitive Impairment, Anxiety, and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice Through Multiple Mechanisms. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:1247-1270. [PMID: 38883414 PMCID: PMC11180438 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s459891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing interest in the role of physical activity in patients with of Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly regarding its impact of cognitive function, gut microbiota, metabolites, and neurotrophic factors. Objective To investigate the impact of multisensory fusion training (MSFT) combined with 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) on the behavioral characteristics, protein expression, microbiome, and serum metabolome using the AD model in mice induced with amyloid-β (Aβ). Methods We assessed cognitive ability, anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in Aβ mice using behavioral measures. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of relevant proteins. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used to analyze changes in the intestinal microbial composition and serum metabolic profile, respectively, of Aβ mice. Results The behavioral outcomes indicated that a 4-week intervention combining DHF and MSFT yielded remarkable improvements in cognitive function and reduced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in Aβ mice. In the hippocampus of Aβ mice, the combined intervention increased the levels of BDNF, VGF, PSD-95, Nrf2, p-GSK3β and p-CREB proteins. Analyses of sequence and metabolomic data revealed that Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae were remarkably more abundant following the combined intervention, influencing the expression of specific metabolites directly linked to the maintenance of neuronal and neurobehavioral functions. These metabolites play a crucial role in vital processes, such as amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and neurotransmitter metabolism in mice. Conclusion Our study highlighted that MSFT combined with DHF improves cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression-like behavior in Aβ mice through multiple mechanisms, and further validated the correlation between the gut microbiome and serum metabolome. These findings open up a promising avenue for future investigations into potential treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Guo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, NBU Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzi Cao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, NBU Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshuang Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, NBU Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhitao Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, NBU Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyi Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, NBU Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, NBU Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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Panaiotov S, Tancheva L, Kalfin R, Petkova-Kirova P. Zeolite and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:2614. [PMID: 38893490 PMCID: PMC11173861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), characterized by progressive degeneration and death of neurons, are strongly related to aging, and the number of people with NDs will continue to rise. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common NDs, and the current treatments offer no cure. A growing body of research shows that AD and especially PD are intricately related to intestinal health and the gut microbiome and that both diseases can spread retrogradely from the gut to the brain. Zeolites are a large family of minerals built by [SiO4]4- and [AlO4]5- tetrahedrons joined by shared oxygen atoms and forming a three-dimensional microporous structure holding water molecules and ions. The most widespread and used zeolite is clinoptilolite, and additionally, mechanically activated clinoptilolites offer further improved beneficial effects. The current review describes and discusses the numerous positive effects of clinoptilolite and its forms on gut health and the gut microbiome, as well as their detoxifying, antioxidative, immunostimulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, relevant to the treatment of NDs and especially AD and PD. The direct effects of clinoptilolite and its activated forms on AD pathology in vitro and in vivo are also reviewed, as well as the use of zeolites as biosensors and delivery systems related to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Panaiotov
- National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Yanko Sakazov Blvd. 26, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Public Health, Healthcare and Sport, South-West University, 66 Ivan Mihailov St., 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Polina Petkova-Kirova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Ma BQ, Jia JX, Wang H, Li SJ, Yang ZJ, Wang XX, Yan XS. Cannabidiol improves the cognitive function of SAMP8 AD model mice involving the microbiota-gut-brain axis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:471-479. [PMID: 38590254 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2338914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a natural component extracted from Cannabis sativa L. exerts neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease characterized by impaired cognition and accumulation of amyloid-B peptides (Aβ). Interactions between the gut and central nervous system (microbiota-gut-brain axis) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorder AD. At present investigations into the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective action of CBD in AD are not conclusive. The aim of this study was thus to examine the influence of CBD on cognition and involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis using a senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model. Data demonstrated that administration of CBD to SAMP8 mice improved cognitive function as evidenced from the Morris water maze test and increased hippocampal activated microglia shift from M1 to M2. In addition, CBD elevated levels of Bacteriodetes associated with a fall in Firmicutes providing morphologically a protective intestinal barrier which subsequently reduced leakage of intestinal toxic metabolites. Further, CBD was found to reduce the levels of hippocampal and colon epithelial cells lipopolysaccharide (LPS), known to be increased in AD leading to impaired gastrointestinal motility, thereby promoting neuroinflammation and subsequent neuronal death. Our findings demonstrated that CBD may be considered a beneficial therapeutic drug to counteract AD-mediated cognitive impairment and restore gut microbial functions associated with the observed neuroprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Qian Ma
- Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jian-Xin Jia
- Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Si-Jia Li
- Teaching and Research Department of Golden Chamber, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Yang
- Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chifeng University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
- Teaching and Research Department of Golden Chamber, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Yan
- Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, China
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Murakami Y, Hosomi R, Murakami H, Nishimoto A, Tanaka G, Kimura T, Imamura Y, Yoshida M, Fukunaga K. Exploring animal protein sources against prevent age-related short-term memory decline in mice: Dietary fish (Alaska Pollock) protein exhibits superior protective effects. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3776-3787. [PMID: 38767938 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Dietary factors, particularly proteins, have been extensively explored to combat cognitive impairment. We have previously reported that dietary fish (Alaska Pollock) protein (APP) is more effective than casein (CAS) or fish oil in maintaining short-term memory in senescence-accelerated mice prone 10 (SAMP10). To examine the specificity of the protective effect of APP intakes against short-term memory decline, we assessed the impact of various dietary animal proteins, including APP, CAS, chicken breast protein (CP), and whey protein (WP), against age-related cognitive function in SAMP10 mice. After feeding the experimental diets for 5 months, memory was assessed using the Y-maze. The APP group exhibited a significant increase in spontaneous alternation behavior as an indicator of working memory when group compared with groups fed with other protein source. Additionally, the APP group displayed significantly higher neurofilament heavy chain positivity than the CAS and CP groups, as evidenced immunohistochemical analysis. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that dietary APP significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, which positively correlated with spontaneous alternation behavior. Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary APP is more effective than CAS, CP, or WP in preventing age-related short-term memory decline and morphological abnormalities in the hippocampal axons of SAMP10 mice. Moreover, APP-mediated improvements in cognitive deficits may be associated with changes in microbiota diversity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research suggests that dietary fish protein from Alaska Pollock may be more efficient in prevention short-term memory decline in mice, compared to other animal proteins. This finding has practical implications for nutritional optimization, developing the new health food products, and elucidating the relationship between the impact of specific proteins on gut microbiota and prevention of age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hosomi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayano Nishimoto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Genki Tanaka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Imamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Architectural and Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munehiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Warren A, Nyavor Y, Zarabian N, Mahoney A, Frame LA. The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365673. [PMID: 38817603 PMCID: PMC11137262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Research is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models to human studies. Findings support the dynamic relationships between the gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within an ecosystem (host) and its intersection with the host immune and nervous systems. Adding this to the effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates and strengthens the response. At the heart is inflammation, which manifests in a variety of pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observations Generally, the research to date is limited and has focused on bacteria, likely due to the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of 16s rRNA sequencing, despite its lower resolution and inability to determine functional ability/alterations. However, this omits all other microbiota including fungi, viruses, and phages, which are emerging as key members of the human microbiome. Much of the research has been done in pre-clinical models and/or in small human studies in more developed parts of the world. The relationships observed are promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at this time. Specifically, causal relationships cannot be determined currently. More research has been done in Alzheimer's disease, followed by Parkinson's disease, and then little in MS. The data for MS is encouraging despite this. Conclusions and relevance While the research is still nascent, the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface may be a missing link, which has hampered our progress on understanding, let alone preventing, managing, or putting into remission neurodegenerative diseases. Relationships must first be established in humans, as animal models have been shown to poorly translate to complex human physiology and environments, especially when investigating the human gut microbiome and its relationships where animal models are often overly simplistic. Only then can robust research be conducted in humans and using mechanistic model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Warren
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yvonne Nyavor
- Department of Biotechnology, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Nikkia Zarabian
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Aidan Mahoney
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
- Undergraduate College, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Leigh A. Frame
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Feng H, Hu X, Lin Y, Xiao J, Dai C, Hu Z, Feng H, Qin J, Chen L. Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute stress-impaired learning and memory in mice by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:271. [PMID: 38711117 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been used in surgery to improve patients' postoperative cognitive function. However, the role of Dex in stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment is still unclear. In this study, we tested the role of Dex in anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by acute restrictive stress and analyzed the alterations of the intestinal flora to explore the possible mechanism. Behavioral and cognitive tests, including open field test, elevated plus-maze test, novel object recognition test, and Barnes maze test, were performed. Intestinal gut Microbe 16S rRNA sequencing was analyzed. We found that intraperitoneal injection of Dex significantly improved acute restrictive stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, recognition, and memory impairment. After habituation in the environment, mice (male, 8 weeks, 18-23 g) were randomly divided into a control group (control, N = 10), dexmedetomidine group (Dex, N = 10), AS with normal saline group (AS + NS, N = 10) and AS with dexmedetomidine group (AS + Dex, N = 10). By the analysis of intestinal flora, we found that acute stress caused intestinal flora disorder in mice. Dex intervention changed the composition of the intestinal flora of acute stress mice, stabilized the ecology of the intestinal flora, and significantly increased the levels of Blautia (A genus of anaerobic bacteria) and Coprobacillus. These findings suggest that Dex attenuates acute stress-impaired learning and memory in mice by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizi Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingni Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, No. 161 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, No. 161 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, No. 161 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.108 Wansong Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325200, People's Republic of China.
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Xu Y, Zhang J, Li X. Erjingwan and Alzheimer's disease: research based on network pharmacology and experimental confirmation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1328334. [PMID: 38741585 PMCID: PMC11089143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1328334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD), a challenging neurodegenerative condition, has emerged as a significant global public health concern. The Chinese medicine decoction Erjingwan (EJW) has shown promising efficacy in AD treatment, though its mechanism remains unclear. Objective This study aims to elucidate the mechanism by which EJW treats AD through network pharmacology analysis and in vivo experiments. Methods We identified EJW's components using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and determined AD-related targets from various databases. A network comprising herbs-compounds-targets was established, and EJW's core targets were ascertained through protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. This study assessed the cognitive abilities of APP/PS1 mice using Morris water mazes and Y mazes, in addition to analyzing blood samples for triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Brain tissues were examined histologically with HE staining, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for amyloid β-protein (Aβ) detection. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the hippocampal region were measured by ELISA. mRNA expression of apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), apolipoprotein B (APOB), apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), advanced glycation end products (AGE), the receptor for AGE (RAGE), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was evaluated by quantitative PCR (q-PCR). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of AGE, RAGE, NF-κB, and Tau protein. Results Screening identified 57 chemical components and 222 potential targets of EJW. Ten core targets for AD treatment were identified, with enrichment analysis suggesting EJW's effects are related to lipid metabolism and AGEs/RAGE pathways. EJW enhanced learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice, protected neuronal structure in the hippocampal region, reduced Aβ deposition, and altered levels of TG, TC, LDL, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the expression of APOE4, AGEs, RAGE, NF-κB, and Tau protein, while increasing SOD, APOA-I, and APOB mRNA expression. Conclusion The study identified four core components of EJW-iosgenin, baicalein, beta-sitosterol, quercetin-and ten core targets including AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, TP53, CASP3, for treating AD. Experimental results demonstrate EJW's capacity to modulate lipid profiles, reduce pathological markers such as Aβ1-42, Tau, IL-6, IL-1β, reactive oxygen species, SOD, and enhance cognitive functions in APP/PS1 mice, potentially through inhibiting the AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuling Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Li H, Zheng Y, Li Q, Wang M. Cognitive Function, Healthy Lifestyle, and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese Older Adults: A Longitudinal Prospective Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1297. [PMID: 38732544 PMCID: PMC11085585 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both cognitive decline and unhealthy lifestyles have been linked to an elevated risk of mortality in older people. We aimed to investigate whether a healthy lifestyle might modify the association between cognitive function and all-cause mortality in Chinese older populations. METHODS The final analysis included 5124 individuals free of dementia, selected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2011 to 2018. Cognitive function was assessed in 2011 using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A lifestyle score was calculated based on five lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, and body mass index. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate the association between baseline cognitive function and the risk of all-cause mortality, with an interaction term of cognitive function and lifestyle score being added to the models. RESULTS The average age of participants was 81.87 years old at baseline. During a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 1461 deaths were documented. Both higher cognitive function (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.96-0.97) and a healthier lifestyle (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87-0.97) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of mortality. We found that lifestyle significantly modified the association of cognitive function with mortality (p for interaction = 0.004). The inverse relation between cognitive function and mortality was found to be more pronounced among participants with a healthier lifestyle. Of note, among the lifestyle scores component, diet showed a significant interaction with mortality (p for interaction = 0.003), and the protective HR of the all-cause mortality associated with higher MMSE scores was more prominent among participants with healthy diets compared with unhealthy diets. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that cognitive decline is associated with a higher risk of mortality, and such associations are attenuated by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, with a particular emphasis on healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Li
- China Population and Development Research Center, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Social Development, Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research, Beijing 100038, China;
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Luo YX, Yang LL, Yao XQ. Gut microbiota-host lipid crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: implications for disease progression and therapeutics. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:35. [PMID: 38627829 PMCID: PMC11020986 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Trillions of intestinal bacteria in the human body undergo dynamic transformations in response to physiological and pathological changes. Alterations in their composition and metabolites collectively contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease is diverse and complex, evidence suggests lipid metabolism may be one of the potential pathways. However, the mechanisms that gut microbiota mediate lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease pathology remain unclear, necessitating further investigation for clarification. This review highlights the current understanding of how gut microbiota disrupts lipid metabolism and discusses the implications of these discoveries in guiding strategies for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xi Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Han Z, Yang X, Huang S. Sleep deprivation: A risk factor for the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28819. [PMID: 38623196 PMCID: PMC11016624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation refers to an intentional or unintentional reduction in sleep time, resulting in insufficient sleep. It is often caused by sleep disorders, work demands (e.g., night shifts), and study pressure. Sleep deprivation promotes Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, which is a risk factor for the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent research has demonstrated the potential involvement of sleep deprivation in both the pathogenesis and progression of AD through glial cell activation, the glial lymphatic system, orexin system, circadian rhythm system, inflammation, and the gut microbiota. Thus, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between sleep deprivation and AD is crucial, which may contribute to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD. This review aims to analyze the impact of sleep deprivation on AD, exploring the underlying pathological mechanisms that link sleep deprivation to the initiation and progression of AD, which offers a theoretical foundation for the development of drugs aimed at preventing and treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyun Han
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingmao Yang
- Ji'nan Zhangqiu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250200, China
| | - Shuiqing Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Ren YR, Cui WT, Jiang KL, He KQ, Lu YM, Chen Y, Pan WJ. Protective Mechanism of Polysaccharide ORP-1 Isolated from Oudemansiella raphanipes against Age-Related Cognitive Decline through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300739. [PMID: 38528314 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is primarily attributed to the progressive weakening of synaptic function and loss of synapses, while age-related gut microbial dysbiosis is known to impair synaptic plasticity and cognitive behavior by metabolic alterations. To improve the health of the elderly, the protective mechanisms of Oudemansiella raphanipes polysaccharide (ORP-1) against age-related cognitive decline are investigated. The results demonstrate that ORP-1 and its gut microbiota-derived metabolites SCFAs restore a healthy gut microbial population to handle age-related gut microbiota dysbiosis mainly by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria Dubosiella, Clostridiales, and Prevotellaceae and reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria Desulfovibrio, strengthen intestinal barrier integrity by abolishing age-related alterations of tight junction (TJ) and mucin 2 (MUC2) proteins expression, diminish age-dependent increase in circulating inflammatory factors, ameliorate cognitive decline by reversing memory- and synaptic plasticity-related proteins levels, and restrain hyperactivation of microglia-mediated synapse engulfment and neuroinflammation. These findings expand the understanding of prebiotic-microbiota-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Ren
- School of life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Cui
- School of life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Li Jiang
- School of life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Qi He
- School of life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ming Lu
- School of life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Pan
- School of life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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Jin H, Huan Z, Wu Y, Yao H, Zhang L, Ge X. Lilrb4 ameliorates ileal injury in rats with hemorrhagic shock and suppresses the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167082. [PMID: 38367899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to intestinal damage and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is the main cause of multiple organ failure associated with HS. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (Lilrb4) belongs to the Ig superfamily and is a vital natural immunomodulatory receptor. The purpose of this study was to identify the role and molecular mechanism of Lilrb4 in HS-induced ileal injury. In this work, HS was established by femoral artery cannula and 90 min of HS (blood pressure, 35-40 mmHg), followed by resuscitation. RNA sequencing analysis showed that Lilrb4 was highly expressed in the ileum of HS rats. As observed, HS rats exhibited severe ileal injury, characterized by enlarged subepithelial space, edema, exfoliation and extensive loss of villi. Whereas, lentivirus system-mediated Lilrb4 overexpression considerably mitigated these alterations. HS led to increased release of markers associated with intestinal injury, which was effectively reversed by Lilrb4 overexpression. In addition, after resuscitation, Lilrb4 overexpression inhibited HS-triggered inflammatory response, as evidenced by decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Lilrb4 also inhibited the activation of NF-κB signal induced by HS. Notably, Lilrb4 modulated the balance of regulatory T (Treg)-T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), which may also contribute to its protective role in HS progression. In aggregate, these findings confirmed that Lilrb4 overexpression protected against ileal injury caused by HS, indicating that Lilrb4 may be a potential candidate for the treatment of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdou Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Huan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China; Orthopedic Institution of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China.
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Liu X, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Shan C, Guo Y, Gong X, Cui M, Li X, Tang M. Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:833-845. [PMID: 37843219 PMCID: PMC10664138 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota's diverse microorganisms, and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, we discuss the role of diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chaofan Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinglu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zou X, Zou G, Zou X, Wang K, Chen Z. Gut microbiota and its metabolites in Alzheimer's disease: from pathogenesis to treatment. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17061. [PMID: 38495755 PMCID: PMC10944166 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that altered microbial diversity and function (such as metabolites), or ecological disorders, regulate bowel-brain axis involvement in the pathophysiologic processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dysregulation of microbes and their metabolites can be a double-edged sword in AD, presenting the possibility of microbiome-based treatment options. This review describes the link between ecological imbalances and AD, the interactions between AD treatment modalities and the microbiota, and the potential of interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions as complementary therapeutic strategies targeting AD pathogenesis and progression. Survey methodology Articles from PubMed and china.com on intestinal flora and AD were summarized to analyze the data and conclusions carefully to ensure the comprehensiveness, completeness, and accuracy of this review. Conclusions Regulating the gut flora ecological balance upregulates neurotrophic factor expression, regulates the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, and suppresses the inflammatory responses. Based on emerging research, this review explored novel directions for future AD research and clinical interventions, injecting new vitality into microbiota research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfu Zou
- Subject of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- Subject of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyan Zou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Kangfeng Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Subject of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Lv JJ, Li XY, Wang JB, Yang XT, Yin MY, Yang CH. Association of dietary live microbe intake with various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5714. [PMID: 38459061 PMCID: PMC10923796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore whether dietary live microbe intake is associated with various cognitive domains using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. And the specific relationship between low, medium and high dietary live microbe intake groups and cognitive ability of the elderly. Dietary live microbe intake was calculated from 24-h diet recall interviews. Cognitive function was assessed using the number symbol substitution test (DSST, which measures processing speed), the animal fluency test (AFT, which measures executive function), the Alzheimer's Registry sub-test (CERAD, which measures memory), and the Composite Z-score, which adds the Z-values of individual tests. Multiple linear regression models and restricted cubic bar graphs were used to investigate the relationship between live microbe intake and cognitive performance. A total of 2,450 participants aged 60 or older were included. Live microbe intake was positively correlated with cognitive ability on the whole. Specifically, when the intake of low, medium and high live microbe was > 2640 g, > 39 g and > 0 g respectively, the CERAD, DSST, AFT and compositive-Z score of the subjects increased with the increase of microbial intake (P < 0.05). In American adults age 60 or older, higher intakes of live microbes were associated with better cognitive performance, especially after a certain amount was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1291 Jiangning Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1291 Jiangning Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jing-Bing Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xi-Tao Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Min-Yi Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1291 Jiangning Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1291 Jiangning Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Reyes-Reyes EM, Brown J, Trial MD, Chinnasamy D, Wiegand JP, Bradford D, Brinton RD, Rodgers KE. Vivaria housing conditions expose sex differences in brain oxidation, microglial activation, and immune system states in aged hAPOE4 mice. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:543-557. [PMID: 38206365 PMCID: PMC10894770 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) is the predominant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 mouse models have provided advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis, but unaccounted variables like rodent housing status may hinder translational outcomes. Non-sterile aspects like food and bedding can be major sources of changes in rodent microflora. Alterations in intestinal microbial ecology can cause mucosal barrier impairment and increase pro-inflammatory signals. The present study examined the role of sterile and non-sterile food and housing on redox indicators and the immune status of humanized-APOE4 knock-in mice (hAPOe4). hAPOE4 mice were housed under sterile conditions until 22 months of age, followed by the transfer of a cohort of mice to non-sterile housing for 2 months. At 24 months of age, the redox/immunologic status was evaluated by flow cytometry/ELISA. hAPOE4 females housed under non-sterile conditions exhibited: (1) higher neuronal and microglial oxygen radical production and (2) lower CD68+ microglia (brain) and CD8+ T cells (periphery) compared to sterile-housed mice. In contrast, hAPOE4 males in non-sterile housing exhibited: (1) higher MHCII+ microglia and CD11b+CD4+ T cells (brain) and (2) higher CD11b+CD4+ T cells and levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and inflammatory cytokines in the periphery relative to sterile-housed mice. This study demonstrated that sterile vs. non-sterile housing conditions are associated with the activation of redox and immune responses in the brain and periphery in a sex-dependent manner. Therefore, housing status may contribute to variable outcomes in both the brain and periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Reyes-Reyes
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - J Brown
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - M D Trial
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - D Chinnasamy
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - J P Wiegand
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - D Bradford
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R D Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K E Rodgers
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Sun J, Xie Q, Sun M, Zhang W, Wang H, Liu N, Wang M. Curcumin protects mice with myasthenia gravis by regulating the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and the Th17/Treg balance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26030. [PMID: 38420408 PMCID: PMC10900935 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is widely used as a traditional drug in Asia. Interestingly, curcumin and its metabolites have been demonstrated to influence the microbiota. However, the effect of curcumin on the gut microbiota in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on the gut microbiota community, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, intestinal permeability, and Th17/Treg balance in a Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (T-AChR)-induced MG mouse model. The results showed that curcumin significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of MG mice induced by T-AChR. Curcumin modified the gut microbiota composition, increased microbial diversity, and, in particular, reduced endotoxin-producing Proteobacteria and Desulfovibrio levels in T-AChR-induced gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we found that curcumin significantly increased fecal butyrate levels in mice with T-AChR-induced gut dysbiosis. Butyrate levels increased in conjunction with the increase in butyrate-producing species such as Oscillospira, Akkermansia, and Allobaculum in the curcumin-treated group. In addition, curcumin repressed the increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zonulin, and FD4 in plasma. It enhanced Occludin expression in the colons of MG mice induced with T-AChR, indicating dramatically alleviated gut permeability. Furthermore, curcumin treatment corrected T-AChR-induced imbalances in Th17/Treg cells. In summary, curcumin may protect mice against myasthenia gravis by modulating both the gut microbiota and SCFAs, improving gut permeability, and regulating the Th17/Treg balance. This study provides novel insights into curcumin's clinical value in MG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Qinfang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Mengjiao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
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Wang L, Yan J, Liu H, Zhao X, Song H, Yang J. Predicting the Rapid Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment by Intestinal Flora and Blood Indicators through Machine Learning Method. NEURODEGENER DIS 2024; 23:43-52. [PMID: 38417411 DOI: 10.1159/000538023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the work was to establish a prediction model of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression based on intestinal flora by machine learning method. METHOD A total of 1,013 patients were recruited, in which 87 patients with MCI finished a two-year follow-up. To establish a prediction model, 61 patients were randomly divided into a training set and 26 patients were divided into a testing set. A total of 121 features including demographic characteristics, hematological indicators, and intestinal flora abundance were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 87 patients who finished a two-year follow-up, 44 presented rapid progression. Model 1 was established based on 121 features with the accuracy 85%, sensitivity 85%, and specificity 83%. Model 2 was based on the first fifteen features of model 1 (triglyceride, uric acid, alanine transaminase, F-Clostridiaceae, G-Megamonas, S-Megamonas, G-Shigella, G-Shigella, S-Shigella, average hemoglobin concentration, G-Alistipes, S-Collinsella, median cell count, average hemoglobin volume, low-density lipoprotein), with the accuracy 97%, sensitivity 92%, and specificity 100%. Model 3 was based on the first ten features of model 1, with the accuracy 97%, sensitivity 86%, and specificity 100%. Other models based on the demographic characteristics, hematological indicators, or intestinal flora abundance features presented lower sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION The 15 features (including intestinal flora abundance) could establish an effective model for predicting rapid MCI progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- DICAT Biomedical Computation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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