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Marcellini F, Varrella S, Ghilardi M, Barucca G, Giorgetti A, Danovaro R, Corinaldesi C. Inorganic UV filter-based sunscreens labelled as eco-friendly threaten sea urchin populations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124093. [PMID: 38703981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Although the negative effects of inorganic UV filters have been documented on several marine organisms, sunscreen products containing such filters are available in the market and proposed as eco-friendly substitutes for harmful, and already banned, organic UV filters (e.g. octinoxate and oxybenzone). In the present study, we investigated the effects of four sunscreen products, labelled by cosmetic companies as "eco-friendly", on the early developmental stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, a keystone species occurring in vulnerable coastal habitats. Among sunscreens tested, those containing ZnO and TiO2 or their mix caused severe impacts on sea urchin embryos. We show that inorganic UV filters were incorporated by larvae during their development and, despite the activation of defence strategies (e.g. phagocytosis by coelomocytes), generated anomalies such as skeletal malformations and tissue necrosis. Conversely, the sunscreen product containing only new-generation organic UV filters (e.g. methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethyl, ethylhexyl triazone, butylphenol diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate) did not affect sea urchins, thus resulting actually eco-compatible. Our findings expand information on the impact of inorganic UV filters on marine life, corroborate the need to improve the eco-friendliness assessment of sunscreen products and warn of the risk of bioaccumulation and potential biomagnification of inorganic UV filters along the marine food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marcellini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre, Italy
| | - S Varrella
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre, Italy
| | - M Ghilardi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Barucca
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Giorgetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre, Italy
| | - C Corinaldesi
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Italy; Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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Gambardella C, Miroglio R, Prieto Amador M, Castelli F, Castellano L, Piazza V, Faimali M, Garaventa F. High concentrations of phthalates affect the early development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116473. [PMID: 38781890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity of three phthalates (PAEs) - butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) - was tested on the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Fertilized eggs were exposed to environmental and high PAE concentrations for 72 h. The potential toxic effects on larval development and any morphological anomalies were then assessed to estimate PAEs impact. Environmental concentrations never affected development, while high concentrations induced toxic effects in larvae exposed to BBP (EC50: 2.9 ×103 µg/L) and DEHP (EC50: 3.72 ×103 µg/L). High concentrations caused skeletal anomalies, with a slight to moderate impact for DEP/DEHP and BBP, respectively. PAE toxicity was: BBP>DEHP>DEP. In conclusion, the three PAEs at environmental concentrations do not pose a risk to sea urchins. However, PAE concentrations should be further monitored in order not to constitute a concern to marine species, especially at their early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- CNR-IAS, via de Marini 6, Genova 16149, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) S.c.a.r.l., Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Roberta Miroglio
- CNR-IAS, via de Marini 6, Genova 16149, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) S.c.a.r.l., Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Castellano
- Costa Edutainment SpA - Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, Genoa 16128, Italy
| | | | - Marco Faimali
- CNR-IAS, via de Marini 6, Genova 16149, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) S.c.a.r.l., Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- CNR-IAS, via de Marini 6, Genova 16149, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) S.c.a.r.l., Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), Palermo, Italy
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3
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Gambardella C, Miroglio R, Trenti F, Guella G, Panevska A, Sbrana F, Grunder M, Garaventa F, Sepčić K. Assessing the toxicity of aegerolysin-based bioinsecticidal complexes using the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as model organism. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 264:106727. [PMID: 37866166 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of alternative solutions for pest management to replace pesticides in agriculture is of great interest. Proteinaceous complexes deriving from edible oyster mushrooms were recently proposed as environmentally friendly bioinsecticides. Such complexes, composed of ostreolysin A6 (OlyA6) and pleurotolysin B (PlyB), target invertebrate-specific membrane sphingolipids in insect's midgut, causing death through the formation of transmembrane pores. In this work, the potential impact of OlyA6/PlyB complexes was tested in the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, as an indicator of environmental quality. The ability of the fluorescently tagged OlyA6 to bind sea urchin gametes (sperm, eggs), the lipidome of sea urchin gametes, and the potential toxic effects and developmental anomalies caused by OlyA6/PlyB complexes on P. lividus early development (embryo, larvae) were investigated. The binding of the fluorescently tagged OlyA6 could be observed only in sea urchin eggs, which harbor OlyA6 sphingolipid membrane receptors, conversely to sperm. High protein concentrations affected sea urchin fertilization (>750 µg/L) and early development (> 375 µg/L in embryos; >100 µg/L in larvae), by causing toxicity and morphological anomalies in embryos and larvae. The main anomalies consisted in delayed embryos and incorrect migration of the primary mesenchyme cells that caused larval skeletal anomalies. The classification of these anomalies indicated a slight environmental impact of OlyA6/PlyB complexes at concentrations higher than 750 µg/L. Such impact should not persist in the marine environment, due to the reversible anomalies observed in sea urchin embryos and larvae that may promote defense strategies. However, before promoting the use of OlyA6/PlyB complexes as bio-pesticides at low concentrations, further studies on other marine coastal species are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- National Research Council-Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, Italy.
| | - Roberta Miroglio
- National Research Council-Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Trenti
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Anastasija Panevska
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francesca Sbrana
- National Research Council- Institute of Biophysics (CNR-IBF), Genoa, Italy
| | - Maja Grunder
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- National Research Council-Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Morroni L, Rakaj A, Grosso L, Flori G, Fianchini A, Pellegrini D, Regoli F. Echinoderm larvae as bioindicators for the assessment of marine pollution: Sea urchin and sea cucumber responsiveness and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122285. [PMID: 37527758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Echinoderms play a crucial role in the functioning of marine ecosystems and due to their extensive distribution, rapid response, and the high sensitivity of their planktonic larvae to a large range of stressors, some species are widely used as biological indicators. In addition to sea urchins, sea cucumbers have recently been implemented in embryotoxicity bioassays showing high potential in ecotoxicological studies. However, the use of this species is still hindered by a lack of knowledge regarding their comparative responsiveness. The present study aimed to investigate the responsiveness of different echinoderm species to environmental pollution in order to develop their integration in batteries of ecotoxicological bioassays. To this end, the embryos of two sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula) and two sea cucumbers (Holothuria polii and Holothuria tubulosa) were incubated with inorganic and organic toxicants (cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, sodium dodecyl sulphate and 4-n-Nonhyphenol) and elutriates from contaminated marine sediments, chosen as a case study model. The results obtained, expressed through the percentage of abnormal embryos and Integrative Toxicity Indices (ITI), indicated species-specific sensitivities to pollutants, with comparable and correlated responsiveness between sea urchins and sea cucumbers. More specifically, sea cucumber larvae exposed to elutriates appear to be more sensitive than sea urchins, especially when incubated with samples containing trace metals, PCB and TBT. These results indicate that toxic responses in embryos exposed to environmental matrices are probably modulated by interactions between different variables, including additive, synergistic and antagonistic effects. These findings suggest that performing a larval test using different echinoderm classes can integrate the interactive effects of bioavailable fraction of contaminants on various levels, providing sensitive, representative and all year-round batteries of bioassays to apply in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Morroni
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Livorno, Italy
| | - Arnold Rakaj
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.
| | - Luca Grosso
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Gaia Flori
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fianchini
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - David Pellegrini
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Livorno, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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5
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Olver DJ, Heres P, Paredes E, Benson JD. Rational synthesis of total damage during cryoprotectant equilibration: modelling and experimental validation of osmomechanical, temperature, and cytotoxic damage in sea urchin ( Paracentrotus lividus) oocytes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15539. [PMID: 37671360 PMCID: PMC10476611 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea urchins (e.g., Paracentrotus lividus) are important for both aquaculture and as model species. Despite their importance, biobanking of urchin oocytes by cryopreservation is currently not possible. Optimized cryoprotectant loading may enable novel vitrification methods and thus successful cryopreservation of oocytes. One method for determining an optimized loading protocol uses membrane characteristics and models of damage, namely osmomechanical damage, temperature damage (e.g., chill injury) and cytotoxicity. Here we present and experimentally evaluate existing and novel models of these damage modalities as a function of time and temperature. In osmomechanical damage experiments, oocytes were exposed for 2 to 30 minutes in hypertonic NaCl or sucrose supplemented seawater or in hypotonic diluted seawater. In temperature damage experiments, oocytes were exposed to 1.7 °C, 10 °C, or 20 °C for 2 to 90 minutes. Cytotoxicity was investigated by exposing oocytes to solutions of Me2SO for 2 to 30 minutes. We identified a time-dependent osmotic damage model, a temperature-dependent damage model, and a temperature and time-dependent cytotoxicity model. We combined these models to estimate total damage during a cryoprotectant loading protocol and determined the optimal loading protocol for any given goal intracellular cryoprotectant concentration. Given our fitted models, we find sea urchin oocytes can only be loaded to 13% Me2SO v/v with about 50% survival. This synthesis of multiple damage modalities is the first of its kind and enables a novel approach to modelling cryoprotectant equilibration survival for cells in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J. Olver
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Pablo Heres
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, ECOCOST Lab, Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Estefania Paredes
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, ECOCOST Lab, Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - James D. Benson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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6
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Santos J, Rodríguez-Romero A, Cifrian E, Maldonado-Alameda A, Chimenos JM, Andrés A. Eco-toxicity assessment of industrial by-product-based alkali-activated binders using the sea urchin embryogenesis bioassay. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118100. [PMID: 37209591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
New cement-based materials such as alkali-activated binders (AABs) or geopolymers allow the incorporation of waste or industrial by-products in their formulation, resulting an interesting valorization technique. Therefore, it is essential to inquire about the potential environmental and health impacts throughout their life cycle. In the European context, a minimum aquatic toxicity tests battery has been recommended for construction products, but their potential biological effects on marine ecosystems have not been considered. In this study, three industrial by-products, PAVAL® (PV) aluminum oxide, weathered bottom ash (WBA) resulting from incinerator bottom ash and glass cullet recycling waste (CSP), were evaluated as precursors in the AAB formulation from an environmental point of view. To determine the potential effects on marine environment caused by the leaching of contaminants from these materials into seawater, the leaching test EN-12457-2 and an ecotoxicity test using the model organism sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were conducted. The percentage of abnormal larval development was selected as endpoint of the toxicity test. Based on the results obtained from the toxicity tests, AABs have less damaging impact (EC50 values: 49.2%-51.9%) on the marine environment in general than raw materials. The results highlight the need to stablish a specific battery of toxicity tests for the environmental assessment of construction products on marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Santos
- GER Green Engineering and Resources Group, Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Romero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - E Cifrian
- GER Green Engineering and Resources Group, Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - A Maldonado-Alameda
- DIOPMA Design and Optimization of Processes and Materials, Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Chimenos
- DIOPMA Design and Optimization of Processes and Materials, Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Andrés
- GER Green Engineering and Resources Group, Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, 39005, Santander, Spain.
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7
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Palmeira-Pinto L, Emerenciano AK, Bergami E, Joviano WR, Rosa AR, Neves CL, Corsi I, Marques-Santos LF, Silva JRMC. Alterations induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO 2) in fertilization and embryonic and larval development of the tropical sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:106016. [PMID: 37167835 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The release of nanomaterials into the environment is the cause of an emerging concern. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) among the most produced nanomaterials, has been documented in marine coastal areas posing a threat on marine biota. Sea urchin embryos are recognized as suitable bioindicators in ecological risk assessment and recently for nanomaterials. This study investigated the impact of nano-TiO2 on fertilization, embryonic and larval development of the tropical sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus in a range of concentrations (0.005-5 μg/mL) which includes environmentally relevant ones. The behavior of nano-TiO2 in tropical natural seawater was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and toxicity was evaluated through fertilization and embryotoxicity tests, and morphological/morphometric analyses of sea urchin's larvae. Limited toxicity was recorded for nano-TiO2 in tropical sea urchin embryos and larvae, except for effects at the gastrula stage at 0.005 μg/mL. Large agglomerates of nano-TiO2 (5 μg/mL) were observed adhering onto sea urchin larvae thus probably preventing nanoparticles uptake at the highest concentrations (>0.005 μg/mL). Environmental levels of nano-TiO2 are able to cause toxicity on tropical sea urchin L. variegatus embryos with potential consequences on populations and their ecological role in tropical coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Palmeira-Pinto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP, 05509-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - A K Emerenciano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP, 05509-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Bergami
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - W R Joviano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP, 05509-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A R Rosa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP, 05509-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C L Neves
- Pathophysiology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, CEP, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - L F Marques-Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Exact and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária s/n, Castelo Branco, CEP, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - J R M C Silva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP, 05509-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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DeMiguel-Jiménez L, Bilbao D, Prieto A, Reinardy HC, Lekube X, Izagirre U, Marigómez I. The influence of temperature in sea urchin embryo toxicity of crude and bunker oils alone and mixed with dispersant. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114786. [PMID: 36893648 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This investigation deals with how temperature influences oil toxicity, alone or combined with dispersant (D). Larval lengthening, abnormalities, developmental disruption, and genotoxicity were determined in sea urchin embryos for assessing toxicity of low-energy water accommodated fractions (LEWAF) of three oils (NNA crude oil, marine gas oil -MGO-, and IFO 180 fuel oil) produced at 5-25 °C. PAH levels were similar amongst LEWAFs but PAH profiles varied with oil and production temperature. The sum of PAHs was higher in oil-dispersant LEWAFs than in oil LEWAFs, most remarkably at low production temperatures in the cases of NNA and MGO. Genotoxicity, enhanced after dispersant application, varied depending on the LEWAF production temperature in a different way for each oil. Impaired lengthening, abnormalities and developmental disruption were recorded, the severity of the effects varying with oil, dispersant application and LEWAF production temperature. Toxicity, only partially attributed to individual PAHs, was higher at lower LEWAF production temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeMiguel-Jiménez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Dennis Bilbao
- IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Helena C Reinardy
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), PO Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Xabier Lekube
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain.
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9
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Burić P, Kovačić I, Jurković L, Tez S, Oral R, Landeka N, Lyons DM. Polymer Chemical Identity as a Key Factor in Microplastic-Insecticide Antagonistic Effects during Embryogenesis of Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044136. [PMID: 36835548 PMCID: PMC9963837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a proxy for pollutants that may be simultaneously present in urban wastewater streams, the effects of two microplastics-polystyrene (PS; 10, 80 and 230 μm diameter) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA; 10 and 50 μm diameter)-on fertilisation and embryogenesis in the sea urchin Arbacia lixula with co-exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin were investigated. Synergistic or additive effects were not seen for plastic microparticles (50 mg L-1) in combination with cypermethrin (10 and 1000 μg L-1) based on evaluation of skeletal abnormalities or arrested development and death of significant numbers of larvae during the embryotoxicity assay. This behaviour was also apparent for male gametes pretreated with PS and PMMA microplastics and cypermethrin, where a reduction in sperm fertilisation ability was not evidenced. However, a modest reduction in the quality of the offspring was noted, suggesting that there may be some transmissible damage to the zygotes. PMMA microparticles were more readily taken up than PS microparticles, which could suggest surface chemical identity as potentially modulating the affinity of larvae for specific plastics. In contrast, significantly reduced toxicity was noted for the combination of PMMA microparticles and cypermethrin (100 μg L-1), and may be related to less ready desorption of the pyrethroid than PS, as well as cypermethrin activating mechanisms that result in reduced feeding and hence decreased ingestion of microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Burić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Ines Kovačić
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Lara Jurković
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Serkan Tez
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rahime Oral
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nediljko Landeka
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Istrian County, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Daniel M. Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Savoca D, Pace A, Arizza V, Arculeo M, Melfi R. Controlled uptake of PFOA in adult specimens of Paracentrotus lividus and evaluation of gene expression in their gonads and embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26094-26106. [PMID: 36350439 PMCID: PMC9995410 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been largely used in the manufacturing industry but a few years ago it turned out to be a dangerous pollutant which is now of concern for terrestrial and aquatic environments. Here, we investigated the bioaccumulation of PFOA in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus after exposure to different concentrations of the pollutant for 28 days. We observed rapid uptake of PFOA in the coelomic fluid collected weekly during the exposure period and high bioaccumulation in gonads at the end of the experiment. Interestingly, animals were also able to fast depurate when relocated to a clean environment. In addition, to assess the effect of PFOA on sea urchins' physiological pathways, we analysed the expression profile of some marker genes both in the gonads and in the embryos obtained from parents exposed to PFOA. Our results suggest that PFOA is a persistent, bioaccumulative compound that adversely affects the health of the exposed organisms and their offspring by causing significant changes in the expression of some key target genes and the occurrence of developmental anomalies in the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Savoca
- Dipartimento Di Scienze E Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche E Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi Di Palermo, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pace
- Dipartimento Di Scienze E Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche E Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi Di Palermo, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento Di Scienze E Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche E Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi Di Palermo, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Arculeo
- Dipartimento Di Scienze E Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche E Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi Di Palermo, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Raffaella Melfi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze E Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche E Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi Di Palermo, 90100, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Suspect Screening of Chemicals in Hospital Wastewaters Using Effect-Directed Analysis Approach as Prioritization Strategy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031212. [PMID: 36770879 PMCID: PMC9921743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of contaminants in the environment has pushed water monitoring programs to find out the most hazardous known and unknown chemicals in the environment. Sample treatment-simplification methods and non-target screening approaches can help researchers to not overlook potential chemicals present in complex aqueous samples. In this work, an effect-directed analysis (EDA) protocol using the sea urchin embryo test (SET) as a toxicological in vivo bioassay was used as simplified strategy to identify potential unknown chemicals present in a very complex aqueous matrix such as hospital effluent. The SET bioassay was used for the first time here to evaluate potential toxic fractions in hospital effluent, which were obtained after a two-step fractionation using C18 and aminopropyl chromatographic semi-preparative columns. The unknown compounds present in the toxic fractions were identified by means of liquid chromatography coupled to a Q Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer (LC-HRMS) and using a suspect analysis approach. The results were complemented by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) in order to identify the widest range of chemical compounds present in the sample and the toxic fractions. Using EDA as sample treatment simplification method, the number of unknown chemicals (>446 features) detected in the raw sample was narrowed down to 94 potential toxic candidates identified in the significantly toxic fractions. Among them, the presence of 25 compounds was confirmed with available chemical standards including 14 pharmaceuticals, a personal care product, six pesticides and four industrial products. The observations found in this work emphasize the difficulties in identifying potential toxicity drivers in complex water samples, as in the case of hospital wastewater.
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12
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Garcia-Velasco N, Carrero JA, Urionabarrenetxea E, Doni L, Zaldibar B, Izagirre U, Soto M. Innovative in vivo and in vitro bioassays for the establishment of toxicity thresholds of pollutants in sediment quality assessment using polychaetes and their immune cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136935. [PMID: 36309051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sediment toxicity testing has become a crucial component for assessing the risks posed by contaminated sediments and for the development of sediment quality assessment strategies. Commonly used organisms for bioassays with estuarine sediments include amphipods, Arenicola marina polychaetes and echinoids. Among the latter, the Sea Urchin Embryo test (SET) is the most widely used. However, one relevant limitation of this bioassay is the unavailability of gametes all year-round, particularly outside the natural spawning seasons. Consequently, the establishment of an appropriate and complementary model organism for a continuous assessment of sediment quality is recommended. A reliable assessment of the hazards resulting from pollutants in sediments or pore water, can be achieved with ecologically relevant species of sediment such as the polychaete Hediste diversicolor, which is widespread in estuaries and has the capacity to accumulate pollutants. The aim of this work was to develop reliable in vivo and in vitro bioassays with H. diversicolor and its coelomocytes (immune cells) to determine the toxicity thresholds of different contaminants bounded to sediments or resuspended into water. Polychaetes were exposed to sublethal concentrations of CuCl2 (in vivo) and a non-invasive method for collection of polychaetes coelomocytes was applied for the in vitro bioassay, exposing cells to a series of CuCl2 and AgNPs concentrations. Same reference toxicants were used to expose Paracentrotus lividus following the SET (ICES Nº 51; Beiras et al., 2012) and obtained toxicity thresholds were compared between the two species. In vivo exposure of polychaetes to high concentrations of Cu produced weight loss and histopathological alterations. After in vitro approaches, a significant decrease in coelomocytes viability was recorded for both toxicants, in a monotonic dose-response curve, at very short-exposure times (2 h). The toxicity thresholds obtained with polychaetes were in line with the ones obtained with the SET, concluding that their sensitivity is similar. In conclusion, in vivo and in vitro bioassays developed with H. diversicolor are accurate toxicity screenings of pollutants that could be bounded to sediments or dissolved in the pore water, and may complement the SET outside the spawning period of the echinoderms. The bioassays herein developed could be applied not only to establish the toxicity thresholds of individual compounds or mixtures, but also to assess the toxicity of field collected sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Sarriena Auzoa Z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - J A Carrero
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, 20018 Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - E Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Sarriena Auzoa Z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - L Doni
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - B Zaldibar
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Sarriena Auzoa Z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - U Izagirre
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Sarriena Auzoa Z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Sarriena Auzoa Z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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13
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Santos J, Cifrian E, Rodriguez-Romero A, Yoris-Nobile AI, Blanco-Fernandez E, Castro-Fresno D, Andres A. Assessment of the environmental acceptability of potential artificial reef materials using two ecotoxicity tests: Luminescent bacteria and sea urchin embryogenesis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136773. [PMID: 36220438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological analysis of construction products is a relatively unexplored area at international level. Aquatic toxicity tests on construction products has been recommended recently for freshwater environment. However, the biological effects of alternative materials on marine ecosystem are still not considered. In this study, the main aim was to assess the environmental impact of alternative mortars proposed as artificial reefs (ARs) materials. The ARs specimens were developed by 3D printing, based on cement and geopolymer mortars using recycled sands of glass and seashells. For this purpose, a leaching test and two different toxicity bioassays, luminosity reduction of marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®) and the success of embryo-larval development of sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus, were conducted. From the leaching results it should be noted that the mobility of all trace elements considered in both, raw materials and mortars, meet the inert landfill limits, except As, Mo, Se or Sb in the leachates geopolymer mortars. However, the results obtained from the both bioassays show low environmental acceptability for those mortars containing shell sand, probably due to the degradation of the organic matter adhered to the shells. On the other hand, cement mortars obtain better results than geopolymer mortars, regardless of the aggregate used, showing certain consistency with the leaching behaviour, since they present the lowest mobility of trace chemical elements. Therefore, the results supporting the environmental acceptability of its potential use as alternative materials in the production of ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, 39005, Spain
| | - Eva Cifrian
- Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, 39005, Spain.
| | - Araceli Rodriguez-Romero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ana Andres
- Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, 39005, Spain
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14
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Burić P, Čarapar I, Pavičić-Hamer D, Kovačić I, Jurković L, Dutour Sikirić M, Domazet Jurašin D, Mikac N, Bačić N, Lyons DM. Particle Size Modulates Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity during Embryogenesis of Urchins Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:745. [PMID: 36614188 PMCID: PMC9821580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles represent a threat to biota and have been shown to cause harm through a number of mechanisms, using a wide range of bioassay endpoints. While nanoparticle concentration has been primarily considered, comparison of studies that have used differently sized nanoparticles indicate that nanoparticle diameter may be an important factor that impacts negative outcomes. In considering this, the aim of the present study was to determine if different sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; 10, 20, 40, 60 and 100 nm) give rise to similar effects during embryogenesis of Mediterranean sea urchins Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus, or if nanoparticle size is a parameter that can modulate embryotoxicity and spermiotoxicity in these species. Fertilised embryos were exposed to a range of AgNP concentrations (1−1000 µg L−1) and after 48 h larvae were scored. Embryos exposed to 1 and 10 µg L−1 AgNPs (for all tested sizes) showed no negative effect in both sea urchins. The smaller AgNPs (size 10 and 20 nm) caused a decrease in the percentage of normally developed A. lixula larvae at concentrations ≥50 µg L−1 (EC50: 49 and 75 μg L−1, respectively) and at ≥100 µg L−1 (EC50: 67 and 91 μg L−1, respectively) for P. lividus. AgNPs of 40 nm diameter was less harmful in both species ((EC50: 322 and 486 μg L−1, for P. lividus and A. lixula, respectively)). The largest AgNPs (60 and 100 nm) showed a dose-dependent response, with little effect at lower concentrations, while more than 50% of larvae were developmentally delayed at the highest tested concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg L−1 (EC50(100 nm); 662 and 529 μg L−1, for P. lividus and A. lixula, respectively. While AgNPs showed no effect on the fertilisation success of treated sperm, an increase in offspring developmental defects and arrested development was observed in A. lixula larvae for 10 nm AgNPs at concentrations ≥50 μg L−1, and for 20 and 40 nm AgNPs at concentrations >100 μg L−1. Overall, toxicity was mostly ascribed to more rapid oxidative dissolution of smaller nanoparticles, although, in cases, Ag+ ion concentrations alone could not explain high toxicity, indicating a nanoparticle-size effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Burić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Ivana Čarapar
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Dijana Pavičić-Hamer
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Ines Kovačić
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Lara Jurković
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Maja Dutour Sikirić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darija Domazet Jurašin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Mikac
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Bačić
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Mark Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
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15
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Mazur MA, Zhuravel EV. Assessment of the Toxicity of Bottom Sediments from Coastal Areas of Peter the Great Gulf (Sea of Japan). CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425522060087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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El Idrissi O, Santini J, Bonnin M, Demolliens M, Aiello A, Gobert S, Pasqualini V, Ternengo S. Stress response to trace elements mixture of different embryo-larval stages of Paracentrotus lividus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114092. [PMID: 36084613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated for the first time the oxidative biomarkers responses in all larval stages of sea urchin. The contamination effects were reproduced by using contaminated seawater to concentrations measured in the area adjacent to an old asbestos mine at factors of 5 and 10. The results suggested that the concentrations were not sufficiently high to induce a major oxidative stress. The biometric differences make this method a more sensitive approach for assessing the effects on sea urchin larvae. Measurements of specific activities of antioxidant enzymes at each stage suggested a high capacity of the larvae to respond to oxidative stress. This normal activity of the organism must be considered in future research. This work also highlighted the importance of spawners provenance in ecotoxicological studies. These data are essential to better understand the stress responses of sea urchin larvae and provide baseline information for later environmental assessment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- O El Idrissi
- Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France; Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UAR CNRS 3514 Plateforme marine Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France; Université de Liège, Centre MARE, Focus, Laboratoire d'Océanologie, Sart-Tilman, B6c, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - J Santini
- Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France
| | - M Bonnin
- Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France
| | - M Demolliens
- Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UAR CNRS 3514 Plateforme marine Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - A Aiello
- Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France; Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UAR CNRS 3514 Plateforme marine Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - S Gobert
- Université de Liège, Centre MARE, Focus, Laboratoire d'Océanologie, Sart-Tilman, B6c, 4000 Liège, Belgium; STAtion de REcherche Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), 20260 Calvi, France
| | - V Pasqualini
- Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France; Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UAR CNRS 3514 Plateforme marine Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - S Ternengo
- Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France; Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UAR CNRS 3514 Plateforme marine Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France
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Alvarez-Mora I, Mijangos L, Lopez-Herguedas N, Amigo JM, Eguiraun H, Salvoch M, Monperrus M, Etxebarria N. SETApp: A machine learning and image analysis based application to automate the sea urchin embryo test. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113728. [PMID: 35689888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since countless xenobiotic compounds are being found in the environment, ecotoxicology faces an astounding challenge in identifying toxicants. The combination of high-throughput in vivo/in vitro bioassays with high-resolution chemical analysis is an effective way to elucidate the cause-effect relationship. However, these combined strategies imply an enormous workload that can hinder their implementation in routine analysis. The purpose of this study was to develop a new high throughput screening method that could be used as a predictive expert system that automatically quantifies the size increase and malformation of the larvae and, thus, eases the application of the sea urchin embryo test in complex toxicant identification pipelines such as effect-directed analysis. For this task, a training set of 242 images was used to calibrate the size-increase and malformation level of the larvae. Two classification models based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were built and compared. Moreover, Hierarchical PLS-DA shows a high proficiency in classifying the larvae, achieving a prediction accuracy of 84 % in validation. The scripts built along the work were compiled in a user-friendly standalone app (SETApp) freely accessible at https://github.com/UPV-EHU-IBeA/SETApp. The SETApp was tested in a real case scenario to fulfill the tedious requirements of a WWTP effect-directed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Alvarez-Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Basque Country 48080, Spain; Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Biscay, Basque Country 48620, Spain.
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Basque Country 48080, Spain; Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Biscay, Basque Country 48620, Spain.
| | - Naroa Lopez-Herguedas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Basque Country 48080, Spain; Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Biscay, Basque Country 48620, Spain.
| | - Jose M Amigo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Basque Country 48080, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Biscay, Basque Country 48009, Spain.
| | - Harkaitz Eguiraun
- Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Biscay, Basque Country 48620, Spain; Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Biscay, Basque Country 48013, Spain.
| | - Maddi Salvoch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Basque Country 48080, Spain; Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Biscay, Basque Country 48620, Spain.
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Angelu, Basque Country 64000, France.
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Basque Country 48080, Spain; Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Biscay, Basque Country 48620, Spain.
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El Idrissi O, Gobert S, Delmas A, Demolliens M, Aiello A, Pasqualini V, Ternengo S. Effects of trace elements contaminations on the larval development of Paracentrotus lividus using an innovative experimental approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 246:106152. [PMID: 35381413 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several experiments were performed using larvae of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) in order to determine the consequences of different chronic contamination with mixtures of (i) fifteen trace elements from concentrations measured in the world ocean seawater, and (ii) seven trace elements from contamination resulting from mining. To predict the impact of increased marine pollution, higher concentrations were also used. These bioassays were conducted using spawners collected from Calvi (reference site, Corsica), and Albo (mining area, Corsica). The effects of trace elements have been studied on the entire larval development. The results show wider arms and delayed development as the number and concentration of trace elements increases. Therefore, the synergy between the different trace elements is of paramount importance with regard to the impact on organisms. Probably due to a hormesis phenomenon, larvae contaminated with seven trace elements at average concentrations developed more quickly. This work also highlighted the importance of the origin of spawners in ecotoxicological studies. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of such a broad combination of trace elements for chronic contamination on the entire larval stage of Paracentrotus lividus.
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Affiliation(s)
- O El Idrissi
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France; Université de Corse, UAR CNRS 3514 Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France; Université de Liège, Centre MARE, Focus, Laboratoire d'Océanologie, Sart Tilman, B6c, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - S Gobert
- Université de Liège, Centre MARE, Focus, Laboratoire d'Océanologie, Sart Tilman, B6c, 4000 Liège, Belgium; STAtion de REcherche Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), 20260 Calvi, France
| | - A Delmas
- Université de Corse, UAR CNRS 3514 Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - M Demolliens
- Université de Corse, UAR CNRS 3514 Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - A Aiello
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France; Université de Corse, UAR CNRS 3514 Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - V Pasqualini
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France; Université de Corse, UAR CNRS 3514 Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - S Ternengo
- Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250 Corte, France; Université de Corse, UAR CNRS 3514 Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France
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19
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DeMiguel-Jiménez L, Etxebarria N, Reinardy HC, Lekube X, Marigómez I, Izagirre U. Toxicity to sea urchin embryos of crude and bunker oils weathered under ice alone and mixed with dispersant. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113345. [PMID: 35151077 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A multi-index approach (larval lenghthening and malformations, developmental disruption, and genotoxicity) was applied using sea-urchin embryos as test-organisms. PAH levels measured in the under-ice weathered aqueous fraction (UIWAF) were lower than in the low-energy water accommodated fraction (LEWAF) and similar amongst UIWAFs of different oils. UIWAFs and LEWAFs caused toxic effects, more markedly in UIWAFs, that could not be attributed to measured individual PAHs or to their mixture. Conversely, UIWAF was less genotoxic than LEWAF, most likely because naphthalene concentrations were also lower. In agreement, NAN LEWAF, the most genotoxic, exhibited the highest naphthalene levels. Dispersant addition produced less consistent changes in PAH levels and embryo toxicity in UIWAFs than in LEWAFs, and did not modify LEWAF genotoxicity. Overall, under ice weathering resulted in lowered waterborne PAHs and genotoxicity but augmented embryo toxicity, not modified by dispersant application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeMiguel-Jiménez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Helena C Reinardy
- Aquaculture Science Department, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), PO Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Xabier Lekube
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
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20
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Gharred C, Jenzri M, Bouraoui Z, Guerbej H, Jebali J, Gharred T. Application of the Paracentrotus lividus sea-urchin embryo-larval bioassay to the marine pollution biomonitoring program in the Tunisian coast. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5787-5797. [PMID: 34427883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the marine environment by treated and untreated effluents has increased due to human activities. Monitoring the marine ecosystem is nowadays a global concern. In this work, we evaluated the effect of contaminated and uncontaminated seawater, from different Tunisian coastal areas, on the fertilization, gastrulation, and embryo-larval development events of sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus). The station of Salakta (SA) is considered as a control station, while the stations of Hamdoun Wadi (HW), Port of Monastir (PM), Karaia Monastir (KM), Teboulba (TE), and Khniss Lagoon (KL) are considered to be contaminated stations. The analysis of seawater physicochemical characteristics showed that levels of the total suspended matter (TSM), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), and nitrate (NO3-) were lower in the seawater of the reference site Salakta (SA) when compared to those of the contaminated seawater sites. In addition, a very strong variation in the levels of trace metals in seawaters sampled in the studied sites was noted. In fact, the highest concentrations of Pb and Cu were observed in Hamdoun Wadi (HW), port of Monastir (PM), and Karaia Monastir (KM), while the highest concentration of Zn was noted in the Teboulba lagoon (TE) and Khniss (LK). Alterations in physicochemical characteristics as well as elevated trace metal levels in the studied seawater samples were correlated with reduced fertility rate, gastrulation rate, and the frequency of normal sea urchin larvae. The total absence of normal sea urchin pluteus larvae in the sea waters of heavily polluted sites proves the great sensitivity of the larval frequency to mixed pollution. This work recommends the utility of urchin fertilization and gastrulation rates and normal pluteus larval frequencies as useful bioassays to monitor the exposure of marine ecosystems to mixed pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayma Gharred
- Research Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology & Valorization (LR 14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar HAdded, 74,5000, Monastir, PB, Tunisia.
| | - Maroua Jenzri
- Research Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology & Valorization (LR 14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar HAdded, 74,5000, Monastir, PB, Tunisia
| | - Zied Bouraoui
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, 59, 5000, Monastir, BP, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Guerbej
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, 59, 5000, Monastir, BP, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Jebali
- Research Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar HAdded, 74, 5000, Monastir, PB, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Gharred
- Research Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology & Valorization (LR 14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar HAdded, 74,5000, Monastir, PB, Tunisia
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21
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DeMiguel-Jiménez L, Etxebarria N, Lekube X, Izagirre U, Marigómez I. Influence of dispersant application on the toxicity to sea urchin embryos of crude and bunker oils representative of prospective oil spill threats in Arctic and Sub-Arctic seas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112922. [PMID: 34523425 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the toxicity assessment of crude and bunker oils representative of prospective oil spill threats in Arctic and Sub-Arctic seas (NNA: Naphthenic North-Atlantic crude oil; MGO: Marine Gas Oil; IFO: Intermediate Fuel Oil 180), alone or in combination with a third-generation dispersant (Finasol OSR52®). Early life stages of sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, were selected for toxicity testing of oil low-energy water accommodated fractions. A multi-index approach, including larval size increase and malformation, and developmental disruption as endpoints, was sensitive to discriminate from slight to severe toxicity caused by the tested aqueous fractions. IFO (heavy bunker oil) was more toxic than NNA (light crude oil), with MGO (light bunker oil) in between. The dispersant was toxic and further on it enhanced oil toxicity. Toxic units revealed that identified PAHs were not the main cause for toxicity, most likely exerted by individual or combined toxic action of non-measured compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeMiguel-Jiménez
- BCTA Research Group. Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; BCTA Research Group. Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; BCTA Research Group. Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Xabier Lekube
- BCTA Research Group. Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; BCTA Research Group. Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- BCTA Research Group. Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; BCTA Research Group. Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- BCTA Research Group. Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; BCTA Research Group. Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
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22
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Gambardella C, Marcellini F, Falugi C, Varrella S, Corinaldesi C. Early-stage anomalies in the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) as bioindicators of multiple stressors in the marine environment: Overview and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117608. [PMID: 34182396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The morphological anomalies of the early development stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, caused by exposure to environmental stressors, are used as biomarker in ecotoxicological and ecological investigations. Here, we reviewed the available literature and classified the embryo and larval anomalies identified so far, to highlight potential commonalities or differences related to the biological action of the different stressors and their ecological impact. Morphological anomalies are influenced by a) the developmental stage of exposure to stressors; b) the intensity of the stress; c) the intra- and inter-cellular mechanisms affected by the exposure to environmental agents. The classification and analysis of embryo and larvae anomalies, either observed by the authors of this review and reported in literature, indicate that sea urchin abnormalities, caused by exposure to different stressors, can be very similar among them and classified into 18 main types, which can occur individually or mixed. All anomalies can be used to calculate an Index of Contaminant Impact to assess the impact of multiple stressors and to identify relationships between morphological anomalies and compromised biological mechanisms. This approach could be useful for a first screening of the presence of potential stressors impairing the growth and development of the early life stages of marine organisms, thus providing a relevant advancement for in future monitoring activities devoted to assess the health status in coastal marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche - Istituto per Lo Studio Degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in Ambiente Marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Carla Falugi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Varrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria Della Materia, Dell'Ambiente e Urbanistica, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria Della Materia, Dell'Ambiente e Urbanistica, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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23
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Ramdial KS, Abell R, Last KS. Elevated toxicity of resuspended mine tailings over time. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 171:105471. [PMID: 34507026 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resuspension of disposed mine tailings is an important secondary source of heavy metal pollution in affected regions. UK copper mine tailings were continuously resuspended in seawater over 14 days to understand potential metal dissolution and associated ecotoxicological impacts. Aqueous concentrations of arsenic increased 859%, nickel 85%, manganese and cadmium over 40%, and vanadium and zinc over 20%. Green sea urchin (Psammechinus miliaris) gametes were exposed to 18-h (18hr) and 14-day (14d) resuspension elutriates. Fertilisation success dropped from 72% (18hr) to 21.06% (14d). Toxicity Index (TI) values (reduced fertilisation membrane quality and fertilisation success) increased from 1.6 (18hr) to 2.8 (14d). Embryo polyspermy frequencies increased from 17.58% (18hr) to 21.13% (14d). Higher TI values and polyspermy rates indicate impacts may go beyond standard bioassay endpoints. Current predictions of mine tailing impacts may be underestimated. This is important for ecosystem resilience when considering other anthropogenic stressors such as climate change. CAPSULE: Disturbance of metal contaminated sediments over prolonged periods results in ever increasing dissolution concentrations, and elevated toxicity of the water medium to biological receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshtav S Ramdial
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, UK.
| | - Richard Abell
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, UK
| | - Kim S Last
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, UK.
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24
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Latorre-Padilla N, Meynard A, Oyarzun FX, Contreras-Porcia L. Ingestion of contaminated kelps by the herbivore Tetrapygus niger: Negative effects on food intake, growth, fertility, and early development. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112365. [PMID: 33882333 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrocystis pyrifera reaches distant areas after detachment, accumulate heavy metals, and serve as trophic subsidy. In this context, effects on both adults and larvae of Tetrapygus niger fed with polluted kelps were determined by assessing growth, fertility, and early larval development. Results revealed that sea urchins fed with polluted kelps from highly impacted zone (HIZ) showed a lower growth (3.6% gained weight) and gamete release (358 cells mL-1) than those fed with non-impacted kelps (NIZ) (19.3% and 945 cells mL-1). The HIZ treatment showed a developmental delay in comparison to NIZ, accounted mainly by the abundance of malformed 2-arm pluteus larvae (10-15%) during most of the culture. Malformed 4-arm pluteus larvae showed a constant increase, reaching 37% at the end of the culture. Thus, the pollutants ingested by sea urchins can be transferred to their offspring and cause negative effects in their early development, categorizing M. pyrifera as a pollutant carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Latorre-Padilla
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Meynard
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda X Oyarzun
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile
| | - Loretto Contreras-Porcia
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile.
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25
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Bonaventura R, Zito F, Morroni L, Pellegrini D, Regoli F, Pinsino A. Development and validation of new analytical methods using sea urchin embryo bioassay to evaluate dredged marine sediments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111862. [PMID: 33385898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Management of dredged materials disposal is regulated by several environmental normative requirements, and it is often supported by the integration of chemical data with ecotoxicological characterization. The reliability of a bioassay to assess the potential toxicity of dredged sediments requires the selection of quality criteria that should be based on simple analytical methods and easily understandable hazard for politicians and environmental managers. The sea urchin embryo-toxicity bioassay is considered an essential component for evaluating the quality of sediments in harbour areas but its use, when based exclusively on the observation of normal vs. abnormal embryos, may alter the interpretation of the results, overestimating the risk assessment. To improve the reliability of this assay in establishing a causative relationship between quality of sediments and sea urchin embryonic development, here we developed and validated three Integrative Toxicity Indexes (ITI 2.0, ITI 3.0, ITI 4.0), modifying the already-known ITI (here ITI 1.0). Based on this aim, we used Taranto harbour as a model pilot-study to compare results to those obtained from standard criteria. Among the tested indexes, the ITI 4.0, discriminating strictly developmental delay and morphological defects from fertilized egg to gastrula stage, resulted in the most promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bonaventura
- Istituto per La Ricerca e L'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Francesca Zito
- Istituto per La Ricerca e L'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Morroni
- Istituto Superiore per La Protezione e La Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Del Cedro 38, Livorno, 57122, Italy
| | - David Pellegrini
- Istituto Superiore per La Protezione e La Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Del Cedro 38, Livorno, 57122, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Istituto per La Ricerca e L'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy.
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26
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Eissa AE, Abu‐Seida AM, Ismail MM, Abu‐Elala NM, Abdelsalam M. A comprehensive overview of the most common skeletal deformities in fish. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/are.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E. Eissa
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ashraf M. Abu‐Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mona M. Ismail
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Nermeen M. Abu‐Elala
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
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27
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Rendell-Bhatti F, Paganos P, Pouch A, Mitchell C, D'Aniello S, Godley BJ, Pazdro K, Arnone MI, Jimenez-Guri E. Developmental toxicity of plastic leachates on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:115744. [PMID: 33257153 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has become ubiquitous, affecting a wide variety of biota. Although microplastics are known to alter the development of a range of marine invertebrates, no studies provide a detailed morphological characterisation of the developmental defects. Likewise, the developmental toxicity of chemicals leached from plastic particles is understudied. The consequences of these developmental effects are likely underestimated, and the effects on ecosystems are unknown. Using the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as a model, we studied the effects of leachates of three forms of plastic pellet: new industrial pre-production plastic nurdles, beached pre-production nurdles, and floating filters, known as biobeads, also retrieved from the environment. Our chemical analyses show that leachates from beached pellets (biobead and nurdle pellets) and highly plasticised industrial pellets (PVC) contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls, which are known to be detrimental to development and other life stages of animals. We also demonstrate that these microplastic leachates elicit severe, consistent and treatment-specific developmental abnormalities in P. lividus at embryonic and larval stages. Those embryos exposed to virgin polyethylene leachates with no additives nor environmental contaminants developed normally, suggesting that the abnormalities observed are the result of exposure to either environmentally adsorbed contaminants or pre-existing industrial additives within the polymer matrix. In the light of the chemical contents of the leachates and other characteristics of the plastic particles used, we discuss the phenotypes observed during our study, which include abnormal gastrulation, impaired skeletogenesis, abnormal neurogenesis, redistribution of pigmented cells and embryo radialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Rendell-Bhatti
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Periklis Paganos
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Pouch
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland.
| | - Christopher Mitchell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland.
| | - Maria Ina Arnone
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Eva Jimenez-Guri
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom.
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28
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Catalano R, Labille J, Gaglio D, Alijagic A, Napodano E, Slomberg D, Campos A, Pinsino A. Safety Evaluation of TiO 2 Nanoparticle-Based Sunscreen UV Filters on the Development and the Immunological State of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2102. [PMID: 33114014 PMCID: PMC7690680 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreens are emulsions of water and oil that contain filters capable of protecting against the detrimental effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV). The widespread use of cosmetic products based on nanoparticulate UV filters has increased concerns regarding their safety and compatibility with both the environment and human health. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP)-based UV filters with three different surface coatings on the development and immunity of the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. A wide range of NP concentrations was analyzed, corresponding to different levels of dilution starting from the original cosmetic dispersion. Variations in surface coating, concentration, particle shape, and pre-dispersant medium (i.e., water or oil) influenced the embryonic development without producing a relevant developmental impairment. The most common embryonic abnormalities were related to the skeletal growth and the presence of a few cells, which were presumably involved in the particle uptake. Adult P. lividus immune cells exposed to silica-coated TiO2 NP-based filters showed a broad metabolic plasticity based on the biosynthesis of metabolites that mediate inflammation, phagocytosis, and antioxidant response. The results presented here highlight the biosafety of the TiO2 NP-based UV filters toward sea urchin, and the importance of developing safer-by-design sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Catalano
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France; (R.C.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Jérôme Labille
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France; (R.C.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Gaglio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (IBFM), 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy;
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Napodano
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Danielle Slomberg
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France; (R.C.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Andrea Campos
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, CP2M, 13397 Marseille, France;
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
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Genevière AM, Derelle E, Escande ML, Grimsley N, Klopp C, Ménager C, Michel A, Moreau H. Responses to iron oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in echinoderm embryos and microalgae: uptake, growth, morphology, and transcriptomic analysis. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1342-1361. [PMID: 33078975 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1827074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the toxicity of Iron oxide and Zinc oxide engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos and three species of microalgae. Morphological responses, internalization, and potential impacts of Fe2O3 and ZnO ENPs on physiology and metabolism were assessed. Both types of ENPs affected P. lividus larval development, but ZnO ENPs had a much stronger effect. While growth of the alga Micromonas commoda was severely impaired by both ENPs, Ostreococcus tauri or Nannochloris sp. were unaffected. Transmission electron microscopy showed the internalization of ENPs in sea urchin embryonic cells while only nanoparticle interaction with external membranes was evidenced in microalgae, suggesting that marine organisms react in diverse ways to ENPs. Transcriptome-wide analysis in P. lividus and M. commoda showed that many different physiological pathways were affected, some of which were common to both species, giving insights about the mechanisms underpinning toxic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Genevière
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Evelyne Derelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzane, France
| | - Marie-Line Escande
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Nigel Grimsley
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- INRA, Plateforme Bioinformatique Toulouse, Midi Pyrenees UBIA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christine Ménager
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX, Paris, France
| | - Aude Michel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Moreau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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Mijangos L, Krauss M, de Miguel L, Ziarrusta H, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Izagirre U, Schulze T, Brack W, Prieto A, Etxebarria N. Application of the Sea Urchin Embryo Test in Toxicity Evaluation and Effect-Directed Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8890-8899. [PMID: 32525664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sea urchin embryo assay was used to assess general toxicity at four wastewater treatment plant effluents of Biscay (Gorliz, Mungia, Gernika, and Galindo), and within the tested range, all the extracts showed embryo growth inhibition and skeleton malformation activities with EC50 values, in relative enrichment factor units, between 1.1-16.8 and 1.1-8.8, respectively. To identify the causative compounds, effect-directed analysis was successfully applied for the first time using a sea urchin embryo test to the secondary treatment of the Galindo effluent. To this end, two subsequent fractionation steps were performed using C18 (21 fractions) and aminopropyl columns (15 fractions). By this fractionation, the number of features detected by LC-HRMS in the raw sample was drastically reduced from 1500 to 9, and among them, two pesticides (mexacarbate, 17 ng/L, and fenpropidin, 23 ng/L), two antidepressants (amitriptyline, 304 ng/L, and paroxetine, 26 ng/L), and two anthelmintic agents (mebendazole, 65 ng/L, and albendazole, 48 ng/L) could be identified in the two toxic fractions. The artificial mixture of the identified six compounds could explain 79% of the observed effect, with albendazole and paroxetine as the predominant contributors (49% and 49%, respectively) affecting the sea urchin embryogenesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura de Miguel
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Chiarore A, Musco L, Bertocci I, Gallo A, Cannavacciuolo A, Mutalipassi M, Caramiello D, Giomi F, Fusi M, Danovaro R, Munari M. Sea urchin chronicles. The effect of oxygen super-saturation and marine polluted sediments from Bagnoli-Coroglio Bay on different life stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:104967. [PMID: 32662426 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In marinas and harbours, the accumulation of pollutants in sediments, combined with poor exchange of water with the open sea, poses a major environmental threat. The presence of photosynthetic organisms and the related oxygen production, however, may alleviate the negative effects of environmental contamination on heterotrophic organisms, enhancing their physiological defences. Furthermore, possible transgenerational buffer effects may increase the ability of natural populations to face environmental stress. Here we tested the occurrence of transgenerational effects on larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, whose parents were exposed, during the gametogenesis, to contaminated sediments subject to two temporal patterns of water re-suspension events and normal- (90%) vs. super-saturated (200%) levels of O2. The study site was Bagnoli-Coroglio (Gulf of Naples, southern Tyrrhenian Sea), a historically polluted brownfield and Site of National Interest for which environmental restoration options are currently under exploration. Larvae from different adult populations were significantly, although not linearly, affected by the interaction of all factors to which parents were exposed, at both 24h and 48h post fertilization. Specifically, the exposure of larvae to elutriates from contaminated sediments determined a developmental delay, a reduction in size and an increased percentage of abnormalities in all larval populations independently of their parental exposure. On the contrary, larvae from parents exposed to contaminated sediments, when reared in clean filtered sea water, succeeded in developing until the echinopluteus stage after 48h, with size and abundance comparable to those of larvae from control parents. Pre-exposure of parents to contaminated sediments did not successfully buffer the negative effects of elutriates on their offspring, and no positive effects of 'super-saturated' levels of O2 in response to contaminants were observed, suggesting that the Bagnoli-Coroglio area is currently not suitable for the re-stocking or re-introduction of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Chiarore
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077, Ischia, (Naples), Italy.
| | - Luigi Musco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Bertocci
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077, Ischia, (Naples), Italy
| | - Mirko Mutalipassi
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077, Ischia, (Naples), Italy
| | - Davide Caramiello
- Unit Marine Resources for Research, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Fusi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077, Ischia, (Naples), Italy.
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Kiyomoto M. Long-term preservation of echinoderm sperm under non-cryo condition for ecotoxicological bioassay. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 144:246-249. [PMID: 30661713 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The preservation of sea urchin gametes was examined to make them more convenient material for research and education, especially on the embryology and ecotoxicology field. The possibility of egg preservation for enough period, two weeks to one month, were reported (Epel et al., 2004; Kiyomoto et al., 2014). The sperm storage is usually done without seawater (dry sperm) for several days. This storage period is lengthened by the addition of antibiotics up to 10 days (Hata, 1998). To maximize the preserved period, we examined the dilution or replacement of seminal plasma with seawater containing antibiotics. Because the activation of sperm is induced by dilution, the condition to inhibit flagella motility was also investigated. Neither high potassium nor low pH improved the period of sperm preservation. The dilution of dry sperm around 100 times with normal seawater containing antibiotics was enough to keep the motility and fertilization ability for longer period, where sperm motility was prevented possibly by the effect of carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kiyomoto
- Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Kou-yatsu 11, Tateyama, Chiba, 294-0301, Japan.
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Hosoya N, Motomura K, Tagawa E, Nagano M, Ogiwara C, Hosoya H. Effects of the fungicide ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) on the early development of sea urchin eggs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 143:24-29. [PMID: 30442331 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the impact of imidazole fungicide ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) on the early development of a marine invertebrate, the sea urchin, a marine bioindicator. Fungicides are widely used and have been reported to accumulate not only in farm soil but also in freshwater and seawater sediments. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the effects of OPP on marine environments. Toxicity was estimated as the inhibition ratio of the 120 min-embryo and/or the 24 h-embryo development. The addition of OPP to embryos of the two sea urchin species, Scaphechinus mirabilis (S. mirabilis) and Strongylocentrotus nudus (S. nudus), at 0.1 mM or higher, resulted in acute toxicity (cell death). The IC50 value of the 120 min-embryos or the 24 h-embryos for S. mirabilis and S. nudus with OPP was around 0.06 mM, indicating that fertilized eggs and embryos of the sea urchin are more sensitive to OPP than higher vertebrates. In addition, in the presence of OPP (0.005-0.05 mM), the proportion (%) of the gastrula keeping the fertilization membrane increased, suggesting that OPP (0.005-0.05 mM) inhibited the hatching process, possibly by affecting the hatching enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Hosoya
- School of Social Information Studies, Otsuma Women's University, 12 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8357, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Motomura
- School of Social Information Studies, Otsuma Women's University, 12 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8357, Japan
| | - Emiko Tagawa
- School of Social Information Studies, Otsuma Women's University, 12 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8357, Japan
| | - Misuzu Nagano
- School of Social Information Studies, Otsuma Women's University, 12 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8357, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ogiwara
- School of Social Information Studies, Otsuma Women's University, 12 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8357, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoya
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1293, Japan
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Dorey N, Maboloc E, Chan KYK. Development of the sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina from Hong Kong is robust to ocean acidification and copper contamination. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 205:1-10. [PMID: 30296660 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metallic pollution is of particular concern in coastal cities. In the Asian megacity of Hong Kong, despite water qualities have improved over the past decade, some local zones are still particularly affected and could represent sinks for remobilization of labile toxic species such as copper. Ocean acidification is expected to increase the fraction of the most toxic form of copper (Cu2+) by 2.3-folds by 2100 (pH ≈7.7), increasing its bioavailability to marine organisms. Additionally, multiple stressors are likely to exert concomitant effects (additive, synergic or antagonist) on the organisms living in the sea. Here, we tested the hypothesis that copper-contaminated waters are more toxic to sea urchin larvae under future pH conditions. We exposed sea urchin embryos and larvae to two low-pH and two copper treatments (0.1 and 1.0 μM) in three separate experiments. Over the short time typically used for toxicity tests (up to 4-arm plutei, i.e. 3 days), larvae of the sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina were robust and survived the copper levels present in Hong Kong waters today (≤0.19 μM) as well as the average pH projected for 2100. We, however, observed significant mortality with lowering pH in the longer, single-stressor experiment (Expt A: 8-arm plutei, i.e. 9 days). Abnormality and arm asymmetry were significantly increased by pH or/and by copper presence (depending on the experiment and copper level). Body size (d3; but not body growth rates in Expt A) was significantly reduced by both lowered pH and added copper. Larval respiration (Expt A) was doubled by a decrease at pHT from 8.0 to 7.3 on d6. In Expt B1.0 and B0.1, larval morphology (relative arm lengths and stomach volume) were affected by at least one of the two investigated factors. Although the larvae appeared robust, these sub-lethal effects may have indirect consequences on feeding, swimming and ultimately survival. The complex relationship between pH and metal speciation/uptake is not well-characterized and further investigations are urgently needed to detangle the mechanisms involved and to identify possible caveats in routinely used toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Dorey
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Elizaldy Maboloc
- School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kit Yu Karen Chan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Russo R, Bonaventura R, Chiaramonte M, Costa C, Matranga V, Zito F. Response to metals treatment of Fra1, a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family, in P. lividus sea urchin embryos. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 139:99-112. [PMID: 29776592 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn) are metals normally present in the seawater, although they can have adverse effects on the marine ecosystem at high concentrations by interfering with many biological processes. These metals are toxic for sea urchin embryos, affecting their morphology and developmental pathways. In particular, they perturb differently the correct organization of the embryonic axes (animal-vegetal, dorso-ventral): Li is a vegetalizing agent and Ni disrupts the dorso-ventral axis, while Zn has an animalizing effect. To deeply address the response of Paracentrotus lividus embryos to these metals, we studied the expression profiling of Pl-Fra transcription factor (TF), relating it to Pl-jun, a potential partner for AP-1 complex formation, and to Pl-MT, known to be an AP-1 target and to have a protective role against heavy metals. The AP-1 TFs are found throughout the animal kingdom and are involved in many cellular events, i.e. cell proliferation and differentiation, immune and stress responses, cancer growth. Here, we isolated the complete Pl-Fra cDNA and showed that Pl-Fra transcript, already present in the unfertilized eggs, was newly synthesized from the blastula stage, while its spatial distribution was mainly observed in skeletogenic cells, similarly to Pl-jun. Interestingly, Pl-Fra expression was induced by the different metals and the induction kinetics revealed its persistent expression during treatments. Moreover, its temporal and spatial behavior in response to the three metals was comparable to that of Pl-jun and Pl-MT. The understanding of AP-1 functions in invertebrates may provide new knowledge about the mechanisms of response to metal injuries, as well as it might lead to acknowledge the TFs as new type of biomarkers for the evaluation of hazards in polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Russo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosa Bonaventura
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Chiaramonte
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Costa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Zito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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Carballeira C, Cebro A, Villares R, Carballeira A. Assessing changes in the toxicity of effluents from intensive marine fish farms over time by using a battery of bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12739-12748. [PMID: 29470752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although intensive marine fish farming is often assumed to be eco-friendly, the associated activity can lead to chronic exposure of marine organisms to potentially toxic discharges. Moreover, despite the increasing popularity of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), studies of the effects of fish farm effluents are almost non-existent. In the present study, the changes in the toxic potential of effluents from five land-based marine fish farms in NW Spain subjected for different lengths of time to a biodegradation procedure (for 0, 48, 120, and 240 h) were assessed in a battery of bioassays including organisms from different trophic levels (Vibrio fischeri, Isochrysis galbana, and Paracentrotus lividus). The results of the bioassays at the different times were then considered together with farm water flow in the Potential Ecotoxic Effects Probe (PEEP) index. Despite the high volumes of effluents discharged, the generally low toxicity of the effluents hinders assessment of potentially toxic effects. However, dose-response curves and statistical analysis demonstrated the existence of toxic effects during the first five days of the biodegradation procedure, especially immediately after sampling. The proposed modification of the PEEP index better reflects the changes in toxicity over time. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carballeira
- Laboratorio de Oceanografía satelital, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 234000, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Alesandra Cebro
- Grupo Ecotox, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Strategic Group of Researching in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rubén Villares
- Grupo Ecotox, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Strategic Group of Researching in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alejo Carballeira
- Grupo Ecotox, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Strategic Group of Researching in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Corinaldesi C, Damiani E, Marcellini F, Falugi C, Tiano L, Brugè F, Danovaro R. Sunscreen products impair the early developmental stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7815. [PMID: 28798318 PMCID: PMC5552690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the release of personal care products. Among them, sunscreens are causing concern either for the effects on skin protection from UV radiation and for the potential impacts on marine life. Here, we assessed the UVA protective efficacy of three sunscreens on human dermal fibroblasts, including two common products in Europe and USA, and an eco-friendly product. The sunscreens' effects were also tested on Paracentrotus lividus, a marine species possibly threatened by these contaminants. We found that all tested sunscreens had similar efficacy in protecting human fibroblasts from UVA radiation. Conversely, the sunscreens' effects on embryo-larval development of P. lividus were dependent on the product tested. In particular, the USA sunscreen, containing benzophenone-3, homosalate and preservatives, caused the strongest impact on the sea urchin development, whereas the eco-friendly sunscreen determined the weakest effects. These results suggest that although the tested products protected human skin cells from UVA-induced damage, they might severely affect the success of recruitment and survival of the sea urchin. Our findings underline the importance of developing eco-friendly sunscreens for minimising or avoiding the impact on marine life while protecting human skin from UV damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Sciences and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urbanistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Marcellini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
- Ecoreach Ltd., Corso Stamira 61, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Brugè
- Department of Clinical, Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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Lukyanova ON, Zhuravel EV, Chulchekov DN, Mazur AA. Sea Urchin Embryogenesis as Bioindicators of Marine Pollution in Impact Areas of the Sea of Japan/East Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:322-333. [PMID: 28528417 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The embryogenesis of the sea urchin sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis was used as bioindicators of seawater quality from the impact areas of the Sea of Japan/East Sea (Peter the Great Bay) and the Sea of Okhotsk (northwestern shelf of Sakhalin Island and western shelf of Kamchatka Peninsula). Fertilization membrane formation, first cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation, and 2-armed and 4-armed pluteus formation have been analyzed and a number of abnormalities were calculated. Number of embryogenesis anomalies in sand dollar larvae exposed to sea water from different stations in Peter the Great Bay corresponds to pollution level at each area. The Sea of Okhotsk is the main fishing area for Russia. Anthropogenic impact on the marine ecosystem is caused by fishing and transport vessels mainly. But two shelf areas are considered as "hot spots" due to oil and gas drilling. Offshore oil exploitation on the northeastern Sakhalin Island has been started and at present time oil is being drill on oil-extracting platforms continuously. Significant reserves of hydrocarbons are prospected on western Kamchatka shelf, and exploitation drilling in this area was intensified in 2014. A higher number of abnormalities at gastrula and pluteus stages (19-36%) were detected for the stations around oil platforms near Sakhalin Island. On the western Kamchatka shelf number of abnormalities was 7-21%. Such anomalies as exogastrula, incomplete development of pairs of arms were not observed at all; only the delay of development was registered. Eggs, embryos, and larvae of sea urchins are the suitable bioindicators of early disturbances caused by marine pollution in impact ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Lukyanova
- Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Russia, 690091.
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690091.
| | - Elena V Zhuravel
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
| | - Denis N Chulchekov
- Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
| | - Andrey A Mazur
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
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Gambardella C, Ferrando S, Gatti AM, Cataldi E, Ramoino P, Aluigi MG, Faimali M, Diaspro A, Falugi C. Review: Morphofunctional and biochemical markers of stress in sea urchin life stages exposed to engineered nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1552-1562. [PMID: 26031494 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the use of different life stages of the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus for the assessment of the possible risk posed by nanoparticles (NPs) in the coastal water. A first screening for the presence of NPs in sea water may be obtained by checking their presence inside tissues of organisms taken from the wild. The ability of NPs to pass from gut to the coelomic fluid is demonstrated by accumulation in sea urchin coelomocytes; the toxicity on sperms can be measured by embryotoxicity markers after sperm exposure, whereas the transfer through the food chain can be observed by developmental anomalies in larvae fed with microalgae exposed to NPs. The most used spermiotoxicity and embryotoxicity tests are described, as well as the biochemical and histochemical analyses of cholinesterase (ChE) activities, which are used to verify toxicity parameters such as inflammation, neurotoxicity, and interference in cell-to-cell communication. Morphological markers of toxicity, in particular skeletal anomalies, are described and classified. In addition, NPs may impair viability of the immune cells of adult specimens. Molecular similarity between echinoderm and human immune cells is shown and discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1552-1562, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council (CNR), Genova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council (CNR), Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISVA), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Gharred T, Jebali J, Belgacem M, Mannai R, Achour S. Assessment of the individual and mixture toxicity of cadmium, copper and oxytetracycline, on the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18064-18072. [PMID: 27259955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple pollutions by trace metals and pharmaceuticals have become one of the most important problems in marine coastal areas because of its excessive toxicity on organisms living in this area. This study aimed to assess the individual and mixture toxicity of Cu, Cd, and oxytetracycline frequently existing in the contaminated marine areas and the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The individual contamination of the spermatozoid for 1 h with the increasing concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC decreases the fertility rate and increases larvae anomalies in the order Cu > Cd > OTC. Moreover, the normal larva frequency and the length of spicules were more sensitive than the fertilization rate and normal gastrula frequency endpoints. The mixture toxicity assessed by multiple experimental designs showed clearly that concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC superior to 338 μg/L, 0.56 μg/L, and 0.83 mg/L, respectively, cause significant larva malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Gharred
- Research Laboratory "Bioresources: Integrative Biology andValorisation", High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Jamel Jebali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Belgacem
- Research Laboratory "Bioresources: Integrative Biology andValorisation", High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rabeb Mannai
- Research Laboratory "Bioresources: Integrative Biology andValorisation", High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sami Achour
- Research Laboratory "Bioresources: Integrative Biology andValorisation", High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Díaz-Garduño B, Rueda-Márquez JJ, Manzano MA, Garrido-Pérez C, Martín-Díaz ML. Are combined AOPs effective for toxicity reduction in receiving marine environment? Suitability of battery of bioassays for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent as an ecotoxicological assessment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 114:1-11. [PMID: 26741736 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological assessment of three different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents D1, D2 and D3 was performed before and after tertiary treatment using combination of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). A multibarrier treatment (MBT) consisting of microfiltration (MF), hydrogen peroxide photolysis (H2O2/UVC) and catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) was applied for all effluents. Sparus aurata, Paracentrotus lividus, Isochrysis galbana and Vibrio fischeri, representing different trophic levels, constituted the battery of bioassays. Different acute toxicity effects were observed in each WWTP effluents tested. The percentage of sea urchin larval development and mortality fish larvae were the most sensitive endpoints. Significant reduction (p < 0.05) of effluent's toxicity was observed using a classification pT-method after MBT process. Base on obtained results, tested battery of bioassays in pT-method framework can be recommended for acute toxicity preliminary evaluation of WWTP effluents for the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Díaz-Garduño
- Physical Chemical Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - J J Rueda-Márquez
- Environmental Technologies Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M A Manzano
- Environmental Technologies Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - C Garrido-Pérez
- Environmental Technologies Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz. Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M L Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemical Department, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina (CACYTMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Buttino I, Hwang JS, Romano G, Sun CK, Liu TM, Pellegrini D, Gaion A, Sartori D. Detection of malformations in sea urchin plutei exposed to mercuric chloride using different fluorescent techniques. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 123:72-80. [PMID: 26254716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Embryos of Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and subtropical Echinometra mathaei were exposed to 5,10, 15 and 20µgL(-1), and to 1, 2, 3 and 4µgL(-1) mercuric chloride (HgCl2), respectively. The effective concentration (EC50) inducing malformation in 50% of 4-arm pluteus stage (P4) was 16.14µgL(-1) for P. lividus and 2.41µgL(-1) for E. mathaei. Two-photon (TP), second (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy techniques, TUNEL staining, propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33342 probes were used to detect light signals or to stain apoptotic and necrotic cells in fixed and alive plutei. Signals were detected differently in the two species: TP fluorescence, commonly associated with apoptotic cells, did not increase with increasing HgCl2 concentrations in P. lividus and in fact, the TUNEL did not reveal induction of apoptosis. PI fluorescence increased in P. lividus in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a loss of cell permeability. In E. mathaei plutei TP fluorescence increased at increasing HgCl2 concentrations. THG microscopy revealed skeletal rods in both species. Different fluorescent techniques, used in this study, are proposed as early-warning systems to visualize malformations and physiological responses in sea urchin plutei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Buttino
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, ISPRA_ STS-Livorno, Piazzale dei marmi 12, 57123, Italy.
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - David Pellegrini
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, ISPRA_ STS-Livorno, Piazzale dei marmi 12, 57123, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaion
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, ISPRA_ STS-Livorno, Piazzale dei marmi 12, 57123, Italy
| | - Davide Sartori
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, ISPRA_ STS-Livorno, Piazzale dei marmi 12, 57123, Italy; CAISIAL, Academic Centre for Innovation and Development in the Food Industry, 80055 Portici (Na), Italy
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43
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Seitkalieva AV, Menzorova NI, Rasskazov VA. Application of different enzyme assays and biomarkers for pollution monitoring of the marine environment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:70. [PMID: 26721566 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
New phosphatase and DNase inhibition tests for assessing the total pollution of a natural marine ecosystem were applied. The seawater samples with different pollution degrees were collected in the Troitsa Bay of the Peter the Great Bay (the Sea of Japan). The sensitivity of the alkaline phosphatase test to integrated pollution was in accordance with the sensitivity of the standard sea urchin sperm cell toxicity test. The increased seawater pollution level was shown to result in an up to fourfold increase in specific activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases from the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus. It was demonstrated that a complex methodological approach can be used to assess marine water areas, as well as to assess the biological conditions of invertebrates adapting to different environmental and anthropogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Seitkalieva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, 159, Stoletya Vladivostoku Str., Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - Natalie I Menzorova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, 159, Stoletya Vladivostoku Str., Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Valerу A Rasskazov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, 159, Stoletya Vladivostoku Str., Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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44
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Morroni L, Pinsino A, Pellegrini D, Regoli F, Matranga V. Development of a new integrative toxicity index based on an improvement of the sea urchin embryo toxicity test. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 123:2-7. [PMID: 26477574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sea urchin embryo toxicity test is classically used to assess the noxious effects of contaminated marine waters and sediments. In Italian guidelines on quality of dredged sediments, the standard toxicity criteria used for this assay are based on a single endpoint at 48 hours of development, corresponding to the pluteus stage. Different typologies of abnormalities, including those which occur at earlier stages, are not categorized, thus preventing the evaluation of the actual teratogenic hazards. A new integrative toxicity index has been developed in this study based on the analysis of two developmental stages, at 24 and 48h post-fertilization, and the differentiation between development delays and germ layers impairments: the new toxicity index is calculated by integrating the frequency of abnormal embryos with the severity of such abnormalities. When tested on dredged sediments, the evaluation of increasing levels of toxicity affecting embryonic outcomes enhanced the capability to discriminate different samples, appearing particularly relevant to validate the sea urchin embryo toxicity assay, and supporting its utility in practical applications such as the sediments classification in harbor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Livorno, Italy
| | - A Pinsino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - D Pellegrini
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Livorno, Italy
| | - F Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - V Matranga
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
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45
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Gambardella C, Morgana S, Bari GD, Ramoino P, Bramini M, Diaspro A, Falugi C, Faimali M. Multidisciplinary screening of toxicity induced by silica nanoparticles during sea urchin development. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:486-495. [PMID: 26291678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential toxicity of Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) in seawater by using the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as biological model. SiO2 NPs exposure effects were identified on the sperm of the sea urchin through a multidisciplinary approach, combining developmental biology, ecotoxicology, biochemistry, and microscopy analyses. The following responses were measured: (i) percentage of eggs fertilized by exposed sperm; (ii) percentage of anomalies and undeveloped embryos and larvae; (iii) enzyme activity alterations (acetylcholinesterase, AChE) in the early developmental stages, namely gastrula and pluteus. Sperms were exposed to seawater containing SiO2 NPs suspensions ranging from 0.0001mg/L to 50mg/L. Fertilization ability was not affected at any concentration, whereas a significant percentage of anomalies in the offspring were observed and quantified by means of EC50 at gastrula stage, including undeveloped and anomalous embryos (EC50=0.06mg/L), and at pluteus stage, including skeletal anomalies and delayed larvae (EC50=0.27mg/L). Moreover, morphological anomalies were observed in larvae at pluteus stage, by immunolocalizing molecules involved in larval development and neurotoxicity effects - such as acetylated tubulin and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) - and measuring AChE activity. Exposure of sea urchins to SiO2 NPs caused neurotoxic damage and a decrease of AChE expression in a non-dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, through the multidisciplinary approach used in this study SiO2 NPs toxicity in sea urchin offspring could be assessed. Therefore, the measured responses are suitable for detecting embryo- and larval- toxicity induced by these NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Morgana
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Bari
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Ramoino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16136 Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia Bramini
- IIT, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- IIT, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DISVA), Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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Burić P, Jakšić Ž, Štajner L, Dutour Sikirić M, Jurašin D, Cascio C, Calzolai L, Lyons DM. Effect of silver nanoparticles on Mediterranean sea urchin embryonal development is species specific and depends on moment of first exposure. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 111:50-59. [PMID: 26164225 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With the ever growing use of nanoparticles in a broad range of industrial and consumer applications there is increasing likelihood that such nanoparticles will enter the aquatic environment and be transported through freshwater systems, eventually reaching estuarine or marine waters. Due to silver's known antimicrobial properties and widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), their environmental fate and impact is therefore of particular concern. In this context we have investigated the species-specific effects of low concentrations of 60 nm AgNP on embryonal development in Mediterranean sea urchins Arbacia lixula, Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis. The sensitivity of urchin embryos was tested by exposing embryos to nanoparticle concentrations in the 1-100 μg L(-1) range, with times of exposure varying from 30 min to 24 h (1 h-48 h for S. granularis) post-fertilisation which corresponded with fertilized egg, 4 cell, blastula and gastrula development phases. The most sensitive species to AgNP was A. lixula with significant modulation of embryonal development at the lowest AgNP concentrations of 1-10 μg L(-1) with high numbers of malformed embryos or arrested development. The greatest impact on development was noted for those embryos first exposed to nanoparticles at 6 and 24 h post fertilisation. For P. lividus, similar effects were noted at higher concentrations of 50 μg L(-1) and 100 μg L(-1) for all times of first exposure. The S. granularis embryos indicated a moderate AgNP impact, and significant developmental abnormalities were recorded in the concentration range of 10-50 μg L(-1). As later post-fertilisation exposure times to AgNP caused greater developmental changes in spite of a shorter total exposure time led us to postulate on additional mechanisms of AgNP toxicity. The results herein indicate that toxic effects of AgNP are species-specific. The moment at which embryos first encounter AgNP is also shown to be an important factor in the development of abnormalities, and future applications of the sea urchin embryo development test for nanoparticle toxicity testing should carefully address the specific phase of development of embryos when nanoparticles are first introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Burić
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Željko Jakšić
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Lara Štajner
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Maja Dutour Sikirić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darija Jurašin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Claudia Cascio
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, T.P. 203, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, T.P. 203, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Daniel Mark Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
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47
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Migliaccio O, Castellano I, Cirino P, Romano G, Palumbo A. Maternal Exposure to Cadmium and Manganese Impairs Reproduction and Progeny Fitness in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131815. [PMID: 26125595 PMCID: PMC4488381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal contamination represents one of the major sources of pollution in marine environments. In this study we investigated the short-term effects of ecologically relevant cadmium and manganese concentrations (10-6 and 3.6 x 10-5 M, respectively) on females of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and their progeny, reared in the absence or presence of the metal. Cadmium is a well-known heavy metal, whereas manganese represents a potential emerging contaminant, resulting from an increased production of manganese-containing compounds. The effects of these agents were examined on both P. lividus adults and their offspring following reproductive state, morphology of embryos, nitric oxide (NO) production and differential gene expression. Here, we demonstrated that both metals differentially impaired the fertilization processes of the treated female sea urchins, causing modifications in the reproductive state and also affecting NO production in the ovaries. A detailed analysis of the progeny showed a high percentage of abnormal embryos, associated to an increase in the endogenous NO levels and variations in the transcriptional expression of several genes involved in stress response, skeletogenesis, detoxification, multi drug efflux processes and NO production. Moreover, we found significant differences in the progeny from females exposed to metals and reared in metal-containing sea water compared to embryos reared in non-contaminated sea water. Overall, these results greatly expanded previous studies on the toxic effects of metals on P. lividus and provided new insights into the molecular events induced in the progeny of sea urchins exposed to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Migliaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Cirino
- Marine Resources for Research Service, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mesarič T, Sepčić K, Drobne D, Makovec D, Faimali M, Morgana S, Falugi C, Gambardella C. Sperm exposure to carbon-based nanomaterials causes abnormalities in early development of purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 163:158-166. [PMID: 25897690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined egg fertilisation in purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) after sperm exposure to carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon black (CB) and graphene oxide (GO), from 0.0001 mg/L to 1.0mg/L. Gastrula stage embryos were investigated for acetylcholinesterase and propionylcholinesterase activities, and their morphological characteristics. Plutei were analysed for morphological abnormalities, with emphasis on skeletal rod formation. Egg fertilisation was significantly affected by CB, at all concentrations tested. Loss of cell adhesion at the gastrula surface was observed in eggs fertilised with sperm treated with CB. However, concentration-dependent morphological anomalies were observed in the gastrulae and plutei formed after sperm exposure to either CB or GO. The activities of both cholinesterases decreased in the gastrulae, although not in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects appear to arise from physical interactions between these carbon-based nanomaterials and the sperm, whereby nanomaterials attached to the sperm surface interfere with fertilisation, which leads to disturbances in the signalling pathways of early embryonic development. Reduced cholinesterase activity in gastrulae from eggs fertilised with nanomaterial-treated sperm confirms involvement of the cholinergic system in early sea urchin development, including skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mesarič
- Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute Jožef Stefan, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Morgana
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Gharred T, Ezzine IK, Naija A, Bouali RR, Jebali J. Assessment of toxic interactions between deltamethrin and copper on the fertility and developmental events in the Mediterranean sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:193. [PMID: 25792023 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin pesticide and copper have intensively been used in agriculture and industrial activities and can finally reach the marine ecosystem at high concentrations affecting the health of organisms. In this study, we assessed under laboratory conditions the toxic interactions between deltamethrin and copper and their effects on the fertility rate, cell mitotic division rate, and embryo developmental events of the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus). The exposure of sperm to increasing concentrations of deltamethrin (6.10(-5) and 6.10(-2) μg/L) and copper (50 and 100 μg/L) or to their mixture (6.10(-5) μg/L of deltamethrin and 50 μg/L of CuSO4) caused a significant alteration on the fertilizing capability of spermatozoids. Concentration-dependent toxic effects on the early cleavage in P. lividus were observed in groups treated with copper, deltamethrin, and their mixture. The kinetics of early divisions was accelerated and the average size of pluteus larvae was decreased under pollutant treatments. Several developmental anomalies were identified in pluteus, including crossed skeletal tips at the hood apex, joined or atrophied arms, and alteration of general larva shape. In conclusion, the sea urchin represents a suitable and sensitive model for testing the toxicity and the effects of deltamethrin pesticide and copper in sea water. In addition, the sensitivity of various end points to studied contaminants, proved their utility in the infield biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Gharred
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biology Integrative and Valorization, High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia,
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Gambardella C, Ferrando S, Morgana S, Gallus L, Ramoino P, Ravera S, Bramini M, Diaspro A, Faimali M, Falugi C. Exposure of Paracentrotus lividus male gametes to engineered nanoparticles affects skeletal bio-mineralization processes and larval plasticity. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 158:181-191. [PMID: 25481784 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle (NP)-induced embryotoxicity in aquatic organisms. We previously demonstrated that exposure of male gametes to NPs causes non-dose-dependent skeletal damage in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larvae. In the present study, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these anomalies in sea urchin development from male gametes exposed to cobalt (Co), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) NPs were investigated by histochemical, immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. P. lividus sperm were exposed to different NP concentrations (from 0.0001 to 1 mg/L). The distribution of molecules related to skeletogenic cell identification, including ID5 immunoreactivity (IR), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) affinity and fibronectin (FN) IR, were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy at the gastrula (24 h) and pluteus (72 h) stages. Our results identified a spatial correspondence among PMCs, ID5 IR and WGA affinity sites. The altered FN pattern suggests that it is responsible for the altered skeletogenic cell migration, while the Golgi apparatus of the skeletogenic cells, denoted by their WGA affinity, shows different aspects according to the degree of anomalies caused by NP concentrations. The ID5 IR, a specific marker of skeletogenic cells in sea urchin embryos (in particular of the msp130 protein responsible for Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) mineralization), localized in the cellular strands prefiguring the skeletal rods in the gastrula stage and, in the pluteus stage, was visible according to the degree of mineralization of the skeleton. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the investigated NPs suspended in seawater interfere with the bio-mineralization processes in marine organisms, and the results of this study offer a new series of specific endpoints for the mechanistic understanding of NP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16136 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Morgana
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gallus
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16136 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Ramoino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16136 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Biochemistry Lab., University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16136 Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISVA), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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