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Otten JG, Williams L, Refsnider JM. Survival outcomes of rehabilitated riverine turtles following a freshwater diluted bitumen oil spill. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119968. [PMID: 35977636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation is often used to mitigate adverse effects of oil spills on wildlife. With an increase in production of alternatives to conventional crude oil such as diluted bitumen (dilbit), emergency spill responders and wildlife rehabilitators need information regarding the health and survival of free-ranging vertebrates exposed to dilbit under natural conditions. In 2010, one of the largest freshwater oil spills in the United States occurred in the Kalamazoo River in Michigan, when over 3.2 million liters of spilled dilbit impacted 56 km of riverine habitat. During 2010 and 2011 cleanup efforts, thousands of northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica) were captured from oiled stretches of the river, cleaned, rehabilitated, and released. We conducted extensive mark-recapture surveys in 2010, 2011, and 2018-2021, and used this dataset to evaluate the monthly survival probability of turtles 1-14 months post-spill and 8-11 years post-spill based on whether turtles were temporarily rehabilitated and released, overwintered in captivity and then released, or were released without rehabilitation. We found that rehabilitated or overwintered turtles had a higher probability of survival 1-14 months post-spill than non-rehabilitated turtles; however, 8-11 years post-spill the among-group differences in monthly survival probability had become negligible. Additionally, following the oil spill in 2010, nearly 6% of northern map turtles were recovered dead, died during rehabilitation, or suffered injuries that precluded release back into the wild. Our results demonstrate that exposure to dilbit in free ranging turtles causes direct mortality, while effort spent on the capture and rehabilitation of oiled freshwater turtles is important as it increases monthly survival 1-14 months post-spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Otten
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Wolfe Hall Suite 1235, 2801 W Bancroft St., Toledo, OH, 43606-3390, USA.
| | - Lisa Williams
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Michigan Field Office, 2651 Coolidge Road, Suite 101, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Jeanine M Refsnider
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Wolfe Hall Suite 1235, 2801 W Bancroft St., Toledo, OH, 43606-3390, USA
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Sapounidou M, Ebbrell DJ, Bonnell MA, Campos B, Firman JW, Gutsell S, Hodges G, Roberts J, Cronin MTD. Development of an Enhanced Mechanistically Driven Mode of Action Classification Scheme for Adverse Effects on Environmental Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1897-1907. [PMID: 33478211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a novel classification scheme to assign chemicals to a verifiable mechanism of (eco-)toxicological action to allow for grouping, read-across, and in silico model generation. The new classification scheme unifies and extends existing schemes and has, at its heart, direct reference to molecular initiating events (MIEs) promoting adverse outcomes. The scheme is based on three broad domains of toxic action representing nonspecific toxicity (e.g., narcosis), reactive mechanisms (e.g., electrophilicity and free radical action), and specific mechanisms (e.g., associated with enzyme inhibition). The scheme is organized at three further levels of detail beyond broad domains to separate out the mechanistic group, specific mechanism, and the MIEs responsible. The novelty of this approach comes from the reference to taxonomic diversity within the classification, transparency, quality of supporting evidence relating to MIEs, and that it can be updated readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sapounidou
- School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - David J Ebbrell
- School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Mark A Bonnell
- Science and Risk Assessment Directorate, Environment & Climate Change Canada, 351 St. Joseph Blvd, Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Bruno Campos
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - James W Firman
- School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Steve Gutsell
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Jayne Roberts
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Mark T D Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
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Teratogenic, Oxidative Stress and Behavioural Outcomes of Three Fungicides of Natural Origin ( Equisetum arvense, Mimosa tenuiflora, Thymol) on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9010008. [PMID: 33435474 PMCID: PMC7827758 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The improper use of synthetic fungicides has raised public concerns related to environmental pollution and animal health. Over the years, plant-derived antifungals have been investigated as safer alternatives, although little scientific evidence of its neurodevelopmental effects exist. The main objective of this study was to explore the effects of three alternative natural extracts (Equisetum arvense, Mimosa tenuiflora, Thymol) with antifungal properties during the early development of zebrafish by evaluating different teratogenic, oxidative stress and behavioural outcomes. Following the determination of the 96 h-LC50, exposure to sublethal concentrations showed the safety profile of both E. arvense and M. tenuiflora. However, following 96-h exposure to Thymol, increased lethality, pericardial oedema, yolk and eye deformations, and decreased body length were observed. The reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio was increased, and the glutathione-s-transferase activity in the group exposed to the highest Thymol concentration. Overall, these results support a more reducing environment associated with possible effects at the cellular proliferation level. In addition, the disruption of behavioural states (fear- and anxiety-like disorders) were noted, pointing to alterations in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase developmental signalling pathway, although further studies are required to explore this rationale. Notwithstanding, the results provide direct evidence of the teratogenic effects of Thymol, which might have consequences for non-target species.
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Dasmahapatra AK, Powe DK, Dasari TPS, Tchounwou PB. Assessment of reproductive and developmental effects of graphene oxide on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127221. [PMID: 32615454 PMCID: PMC7483842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique properties, graphene oxide (GO) has potential for biomedical and electronic applications, however environmental contamination including aquatic ecosystem is inevitable. Moreover, potential risks of GO in aquatic life are inadequately explored. Present study was designed to evaluate GO as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) using the model Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). GO was injected intraperitoneally (25-200 μg/g) once to breeding pairs and continued pair breeding an additional 21 days. Eggs laid were analyzed for fecundity and the fertilized eggs were evaluated for developmental abnormalities including hatching. Histopathological evaluation of gonads, liver, and kidneys was made 21 days post-injection. LD50 was found to be sex-dependent. Fecundity tended to reduce in a dose-dependent manner during early post-injection days; however, the overall evaluation showed no significant difference. The hatchability of embryos was reduced significantly in the 200 μg/g group; edema (yolk and cardiovascular) and embryo-mortality remained unaltered. Histopathological assessment identified black particles, probably agglomerated GO, in the gonads of GO-treated fish. However, folliculogenesis in stromal compartments of ovary and the composition of germinal elements in testis remained almost unaltered. Moreover, granulosa and Leydig cells morphology did not indicate any significant EDC-related effects. Although liver and kidney histopathology did not show GO as an EDC, some GO-treated fish accumulated proteinaceous fluid in hepatic vessels and induced hyperplasia in interstitial lymphoid cells (HIL) located in kidneys. GO agglomerated in medaka gonads after 21-days post-injection. However, gonad histopathology including granulosa and Leydig cells alterations were associated with GO toxicity rather than EDC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok K Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Environmental Toxicology Division, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Doris K Powe
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Thabitha P S Dasari
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
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Kwok CSN, Lai KKY, Lam SW, Chan KK, Xu SJL, Lee FWF. Production of high-quality two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profile for marine medaka samples by using Trizol-based protein extraction approaches. Proteome Sci 2020; 18:5. [PMID: 32390769 PMCID: PMC7196234 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-020-00161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marine medaka is among the most popular models of fish species for ecotoxicology and environmental research and proteomic studies are useful tools for understanding the molecular responses of medaka upon exposure to different environmental stressors. The preparation of high-quality protein samples is the key to producing high-quality two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) results for proteomic analysis. In recent years, Trizol-based protein extraction has been gaining popularity because of its promising performance in producing high-quality 2-DE as well as the convenience of the method. Methods Three Trizol-based approaches (Trizol method, Aliquot Trizol method and Trizol method with a commercial clean-up kit) were used to extract proteins from a marine medaka sample and 2-DE profiles were produced. Quality of the 2-DE profiles and effectiveness of the extraction methods were evaluated. For comparison, two common protein extraction methods (lysis buffer method and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone precipitation extraction) were also applied in parallel to Trizol-based approaches. Results Any of the three Trizol-based approaches produced a high-quality 2-DE profile of marine medaka compared with both lysis buffer method and TCA/acetone precipitation extraction. In addition, Trizol method with a commercial clean-up kit produced the best 2-DE profile in terms of background clarity, number of spots and resolution of proteins. Conclusions Trizol-based approaches offered better choices than traditional protein extraction methods for 2-DE analysis of marine medaka. The modified version of Trizol method with a commercial clean-up kit was shown to produce the best 2-DE profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Sze-Nga Kwok
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kaze King-Yip Lai
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sai-Wo Lam
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kin-Ka Chan
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Steven Jing-Liang Xu
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Fred Wang-Fat Lee
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Abstract
Cancer is ubiquitous in wildlife, affecting animals from bivalves to pachyderms and cetaceans. Reports of increasing frequency demonstrate that neoplasia is associated with substantial mortality in wildlife species. Anthropogenic activities and global weather changes are shaping new geographical limitations for many species, and alterations in living niches are associated with visible examples of genetic bottlenecks, toxin exposures, oncogenic pathogens, stress and immunosuppression, which can all contribute to cancers in wild species. Nations that devote resources to monitoring the health of wildlife often do so for human-centric reasons, including for the prediction of the potential for zoonotic disease, shared contaminants, chemicals and medications, and for observing the effect of exposure from crowding and loss of habitat. Given the increasing human footprint on land and in the sea, wildlife conservation should also become a more important motivating factor. Greater attention to the patterns of the emergence of wildlife cancer is imperative because growing numbers of species are existing at the interface between humans and the environment, making wildlife sentinels for both animal and human health. Therefore, monitoring wildlife cancers could offer interesting and novel insights into potentially unique non-age-related mechanisms of carcinogenesis across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Pesavento
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Dalen Agnew
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael K Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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Human activities might influence oncogenic processes in wild animal populations. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1065-1070. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Jin P, Wang H, Huang W, Liu W, Fan Y, Miao W. The allelopathic effect and safety evaluation of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone on Microcystis aeruginosa. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 147:145-152. [PMID: 29933985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been a serious problem in recent years, because of large quantities of cyanobacterial in eutrophic water. We studied the effects of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL) and other four compounds (vanillic acid, ferulic acid, 3,5-Dichlorophenol and cupric sulfate) on Microcystis aeruginosa. The results showed that the growth of M. aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by all tested compounds with a half maximal effect concentration (EC50) of 5.2, 22.8, 54.7, 1.5, 0.3μg/mL, respectively. Our data also demonstrated that DBL triggered the generation of superoxide anion radicals (O2-). The O2- might induce a lipid peroxidation which may change cell membrane penetrability, thereby leading to the eventual death of M. aeruginosa. In addition, DBL may has few toxic to aquatic species as indicated by its 96h half maximum lethal concentration value to zebrafish (Danio rerio) was far higher than 128μg/mL. Our current study further provides evidence that some phenolic acids such as DBL may be a potential effective solution for aquatic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jin
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weikang Huang
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongmei Fan
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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9
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Weiss-Errico MJ, Berry JP, O'Shea KE. β-Cyclodextrin Attenuates Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicity in the Zebrafish Embryo Model. TOXICS 2017; 5:toxics5040031. [PMID: 29113040 PMCID: PMC5750559 DOI: 10.3390/toxics5040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been linked to negative health outcomes including cancer, thyroid disease, infertility, and developmental delays. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cyclic sugar, has been previously shown to form strong host–guest complexes with PFOA, and is proposed as a means of environmental remediation with respect to this widespread contaminant. In the present study, β-CD was directly examined with regards to possible attenuation of the toxicity of PFOA specifically employing the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of PFOA without β-CD, and with equimolar (1:1) and excess (2:1) molar ratios of β-CD to PFOA, and assessed for lethality and developmental toxicity through seven days post-fertilization (dpf). Rapid onset of lethality with limited morphological abnormalities was observed at relatively low concentrations of PFOA (LC50 ≈ 50 ppm), along with effects on morphometric and neurobehavioral parameters in surviving embryos. A highly significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between the 2:1 treatment, and both 1:1 and PFOA only treatments, with respect to lethal concentration and apparent neurobehavioral effects, suggesting an effectively reduced toxicity of the fully complexed PFOA. In contrast, however, neither β-CD treatment reduced developmental toxicity with respect to the morphometric endpoint (i.e., interocular distance). Whereas LC50 of PFOA alone did not change over 7 dpf, the 1:1 and 2:1 values decreased slightly over time, suggesting either delayed or alternative toxic effects on later developmental stages at presumptively lowered levels. This study, therefore, indicates β-CD may be an effective agent to reduce toxicity of and mitigate environmental health concerns associated with PFOA, but that further study is required to elucidate the mechanism of complexation as it relates to the attenuation of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Weiss-Errico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - John P Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Vignet C, Larcher T, Davail B, Joassard L, Le Menach K, Guionnet T, Lyphout L, Ledevin M, Goubeau M, Budzinski H, Bégout ML, Cousin X. Fish Reproduction Is Disrupted upon Lifelong Exposure to Environmental PAHs Fractions Revealing Different Modes of Action. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040026. [PMID: 29051429 PMCID: PMC5606653 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a large family of organic pollutants emitted in the environment as complex mixtures, the compositions of which depend on origin. Among a wide range of physiological defects, PAHs are suspected to be involved in disruption of reproduction. In an aquatic environment, the trophic route is an important source of chronic exposure to PAHs. Here, we performed trophic exposure of zebrafish to three fractions of different origin, one pyrolytic and two petrogenic. Produced diets contained PAHs at environmental concentrations. Reproductive traits were analyzed at individual, tissue and molecular levels. Reproductive success and cumulative eggs number were disrupted after exposure to all three fractions, albeit to various extents depending on the fraction and concentrations. Histological analyses revealed ovary maturation defects after exposure to all three fractions as well as degeneration after exposure to a pyrolytic fraction. In testis, hypoplasia was observed after exposure to petrogenic fractions. Genes expression analysis in gonads has allowed us to establish common pathways such as endocrine disruption or differentiation/maturation defects. Taken altogether, these results indicate that PAHs can indeed disrupt fish reproduction and that different fractions trigger different pathways resulting in different effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vignet
- Ifremer, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France.
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- INRA UMR703, APEX, Oniris, F-44307 Nantes, France.
- Oniris, École Nationale vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de L'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, LUNAM Université, F-44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Blandine Davail
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Bordeaux 1, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, F-33405 Talence, France.
| | - Lucette Joassard
- Ifremer, Fisheries Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France.
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Bordeaux 1, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, F-33405 Talence, France.
| | - Tiphaine Guionnet
- Ifremer, Fisheries Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France.
| | - Laura Lyphout
- Ifremer, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France.
- Ifremer, Fisheries Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France.
| | - Mireille Ledevin
- INRA UMR703, APEX, Oniris, F-44307 Nantes, France.
- Oniris, École Nationale vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de L'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, LUNAM Université, F-44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Manon Goubeau
- Ifremer, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France.
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Bordeaux 1, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, F-33405 Talence, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Bégout
- Ifremer, Fisheries Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France.
| | - Xavier Cousin
- Ifremer, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France.
- INRA LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France.
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Adaptation et Adaptabilité des Animaux et des Systèmes, UMR MARBEC, Route de Maguelone, F-34250 Palavas les Flots, France.
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Johnston TK, Perkins E, Ferguson DC, Cropek DM. Tissue explant coculture model of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as a predictive tool for endocrine disruption. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2530-2541. [PMID: 26931821 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can impact the reproductive system by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Although in vitro testing methods have been developed to screen chemicals for endocrine disruption, extrapolation of in vitro responses to in vivo action shows inconsistent accuracy. The authors describe a tissue coculture of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) HPG axis and liver (HPG-L) as a tissue explant model that mimics in vivo results. Brain (hypothalamus), pituitary, gonad, and liver tissue explants from adult fish were examined for function both individually and in coculture to determine combinations and conditions that could replicate in vivo behavior. Only cocultures had the ability to respond to an EDC, trenbolone, similarly to in vivo studies, based on estradiol, testosterone, and vitellogenin production trends, where lower exposure doses suppressed hormone production but higher doses increased production, resulting in distinctive U-shaped curves. These data suggest that a coculture system with all components of the HPG-L axis can be used as a link between in vitro and in vivo studies to predict endocrine system disruption in whole organisms. This tissue-based HPG-L system acts as a flexible deconstructed version of the in vivo system for better control and examination of the minute changes in system operation and response on EDC exposure with options to isolate, interrogate, and recombine desired components. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2530-2541. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K Johnston
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward Perkins
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Duncan C Ferguson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald M Cropek
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois.
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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Lehmann DW, Levine JF, McHugh Law J. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure Causes Gonadal Atrophy and Oxidative Stress in Corbicula fluminea Clams. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:356-65. [PMID: 17455083 DOI: 10.1080/01926230701230288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread environmental contaminants that have been linked to oxidative and other toxic effects in both humans and wildlife. Due to recent environmental health concerns at a PCB contaminated Superfund site near Raleigh, NC, we used a common clam species ( Corbicula fluminea) as surrogates to isolate the effects of PCBs on threatened bivalves native to the region. Under controlled laboratory conditions, clams were exposed to 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppb Aroclor 1260 in the ambient water for 21 days. Measured biomarkers spanned a range of effective levels of biological organization including low molecular weight antioxidants, lipid-soluble antioxidants, and whole tissue radical absorption capacity. These data were augmented by use of histological evaluation of whole samples. Aroclor 1260 significantly increased reduced glutathione (GSH) and total protein concentrations at all treatments levels. Significant decreases were measured in all treatments in γ-tocopherol and total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC) and α-tocopherol values in the 100 ppb exposure. Histologically, Aroclor 1260 caused significant gonadal atrophy, effacement of gonad architecture with accumulations of Brown cells, and inflammation and necrosis in digestive glands and foot processes. Our results indicate that oxidative mechanisms play a significant role in the decreased health of these clams due to exposure to Aroclor 1260. The changes in the gonads of exposed clams suggest that a serious threat to bivalve reproduction exists due to PCB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Lehmann
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Kalueff AV, Echevarria DJ, Homechaudhuri S, Stewart AM, Collier AD, Kaluyeva AA, Li S, Liu Y, Chen P, Wang J, Yang L, Mitra A, Pal S, Chaudhuri A, Roy A, Biswas M, Roy D, Podder A, Poudel MK, Katare DP, Mani RJ, Kyzar EJ, Gaikwad S, Nguyen M, Song C. Zebrafish neurobehavioral phenomics for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:297-309. [PMID: 26372090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly emerging as an important model organism for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. The behavioral/phenotypic complexity of zebrafish allows for thorough dissection of complex human brain disorders and drug-evoked pathological states. As numerous zebrafish models become available with a wide spectrum of behavioral, genetic, and environmental methods to test novel drugs, here we discuss recent zebrafish phenomics methods to facilitate drug discovery, particularly in the field of biological psychiatry. Additionally, behavioral, neurological, and endocrine endpoints are becoming increasingly well-characterized in zebrafish, making them an inexpensive, robust and effective model for toxicology research and pharmacological screening. We also discuss zebrafish behavioral phenotypes, experimental considerations, pharmacological candidates and relevance of zebrafish neurophenomics to other 'omics' (e.g., genomic, proteomic) approaches. Finally, we critically evaluate the limitations of utilizing this model organism, and outline future strategies of research in the field of zebrafish phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan V Kalueff
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Chemical-Technological Institute and Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - David J Echevarria
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Sumit Homechaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Adam D Collier
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | | | - Shaomin Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Yingcong Liu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - JiaJia Wang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Anisa Mitra
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Subharthi Pal
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adwitiya Chaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Missidona Biswas
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Dola Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anupam Podder
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Manoj K Poudel
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Deepshikha P Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Ruchi J Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Evan J Kyzar
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Siddharth Gaikwad
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Michael Nguyen
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Li AJ, Leung PT, Bao VW, Lui GC, Leung KM. Temperature-dependent physiological and biochemical responses of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma with consideration of both low and high thermal extremes. J Therm Biol 2015; 54:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Vickers TW, Clifford DL, Garcelon DK, King JL, Duncan CL, Gaffney PM, Boyce WM. Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143211. [PMID: 26618759 PMCID: PMC4664485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)—48.9% of the dead foxes examined from 2001–2008 had tumors in their ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature (≥ 4 years) foxes captured in 2007–2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although ear mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to ear mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with ear mites, and an innate, over exuberant inflammatory and hyperplastic response of SCA foxes to these mites. Foxes on SCA are now opportunistically treated with acaricides in an attempt to reduce mite infections and the morbidity and mortality associated with this highly prevalent tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Winston Vickers
- Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California, United States of America
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TWV), (WMB)
| | - Deana L. Clifford
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Wildlife Investigations Lab, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, California, United States of America
| | - David K. Garcelon
- Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California, United States of America
| | - Julie L. King
- Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California, United States of America
| | - Calvin L. Duncan
- Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia M. Gaffney
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Walter M. Boyce
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TWV), (WMB)
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Vignet C, Le Menach K, Lyphout L, Guionnet T, Frère L, Leguay D, Budzinski H, Cousin X, Bégout ML. Chronic dietary exposure to pyrolytic and petrogenic mixtures of PAHs causes physiological disruption in zebrafish--part II: behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13818-32. [PMID: 24671398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, behavior assessment has been developed as an indicator of neurotoxicity and an integrated indicator of physiological disruption. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) release into the environment has increased in recent decades resulting in high concentrations of these compounds in the sediment of contaminated areas. We evaluated the behavioral consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, by exposing zebrafish to diets spiked with three PAH fractions at environmentally relevant concentrations. Fish were exposed to these chemicals from their first meal (5 days postfertilization) until they became reproducing adults (at 6 months old). The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin and of two oils differing in composition (a heavy fuel oil (HO) and a light crude oil (LO)). Several tests were carried out to evaluate circadian spontaneous swimming activity, responses to a challenge (photomotor response), exploratory tendencies, and anxiety levels. We found that dietary PAH exposure was associated with greater mobility, lower levels of exploratory activity, and higher levels of anxiety, particularly in fish exposed to the HO fraction and, to a lesser extent, the LO fraction. Finally, our results indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can induce behavioral disruptions resulting in poorer fish performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vignet
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137, L'Houmeau, France
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Lee PY, Lin CY, Chen TH. Environmentally relevant exposure of 17α-ethinylestradiol impairs spawning and reproductive behavior in the brackish medaka Oryzias melastigma. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:338-343. [PMID: 24775065 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on spawning and reproductive behavior of the brackish medaka Oryzias melastigma at environmental concentrations. Breeding pairs were exposed to EE2 at either lower concentrations (0, 1, and 10 ng/L) or higher concentrations (0, 50, and 100 ng/L) for 14 days. Swimming performance and reproductive behavior (following, dancing, and copulation) of the males were analyzed at the end of exposure. Additionally, gonad histology was conducted in the males in the higher EE2 experiment. We found that spawning was significantly inhibited in the 50-100 ng/L EE2 groups. Swimming performance was not affected in all groups. Dancing and copulation were significantly suppressed in the 50-100 ng/L groups. No effect was observed in testis histology in the 50-100 ng/L groups. Our data suggests that reproductive behavior of O. melastigma can be utilized as a behavioral endpoint for ecotoxicology studies of endocrine disruptors in estuarine/marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Lee
- Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Lin
- Department of Planning and Research, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hao Chen
- Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Planning and Research, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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18
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Bergeon Burns CM, Olin JA, Woltmann S, Stouffer PC, Taylor SS. Effects of Oil on Terrestrial Vertebrates: Predicting Impacts of the Macondo Blowout. Bioscience 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Williams TD, Mirbahai L, Chipman JK. The toxicological application of transcriptomics and epigenomics in zebrafish and other teleosts. Brief Funct Genomics 2014; 13:157-71. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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20
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Abstract
In recent years, zebrafish, and to a lesser extent medaka, have become widely used small animal models for human diseases. These organisms have convincingly demonstrated the usefulness of fish for improving our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to pathological conditions, and for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Despite the usefulness of zebrafish and medaka in the investigation of a wide spectrum of traits, there is evidence to suggest that other fish species could be better suited for more targeted questions. With the emergence of new, improved sequencing technologies that enable genomic resources to be generated with increasing efficiency and speed, the potential of non-mainstream fish species as disease models can now be explored. A key feature of these fish species is that the pathological condition that they model is often related to specific evolutionary adaptations. By exploring these adaptations, new disease-causing and disease-modifier genes might be identified; thus, diverse fish species could be exploited to better understand the complexity of disease processes. In addition, non-mainstream fish models could allow us to study the impact of environmental factors, as well as genetic variation, on complex disease phenotypes. This Review will discuss the opportunities that such fish models offer for current and future biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schartl
- Department Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Vignet C, Bégout ML, Péan S, Lyphout L, Leguay D, Cousin X. Systematic Screening of Behavioral Responses in Two Zebrafish Strains. Zebrafish 2013; 10:365-75. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Péan
- Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Ifremer, L'Houmeau, France
| | - Laura Lyphout
- Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Ifremer, L'Houmeau, France
| | - Didier Leguay
- Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Ifremer, L'Houmeau, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, L'Houmeau, France
- INRA LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
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22
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Péan S, Daouk T, Vignet C, Lyphout L, Leguay D, Loizeau V, Bégout ML, Cousin X. Long-term dietary-exposure to non-coplanar PCBs induces behavioral disruptions in adult zebrafish and their offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 39:45-56. [PMID: 23851001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been banned for several decades. PCBs have a long biological half-life and high liposolubility which leads to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food chains over a wide range of trophic levels. Exposure can lead to changes in animal physiology and behavior and has been demonstrated in both experimental and field analyses. There are also potential risks to high trophic level predators, including humans. A maternal transfer has been demonstrated in fish as PCBs bind to lipids in eggs. In this study, behavioral traits (exploration and free swimming, with or without challenges) of contaminated zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults and their offspring (both as five-day-old larvae and as two-month-old fish reared under standard conditions) were measured using video-tracking. Long-term dietary exposure to a mixture of non-coplanar PCBs was used to mimic known environmental contamination levels and congener composition. Eight-week-old fish were exposed for eight months at 26-28 °C. Those exposed to an intermediate dose (equivalent to that found in the Loire Estuary, ∑(CB)=515 ng g⁻¹ dry weight in food) displayed behavioral disruption in exploration capacities. Fish exposed to the highest dose (equivalent to that found in the Seine Estuary, ∑(CB)=2302 ng g⁻¹ dry weight in food) displayed an increased swimming activity at the end of the night. In offspring, larval activity was increased and two-month-old fish occupied the bottom section of the tank less often. These findings call for more long-term experiments using the zebrafish model; the mechanisms underlying behavioral disruptions need to be understood due to their implications for both human health and their ecological relevance in terms of individual fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Péan
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Place Gaby Coll, BP 7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
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Landrum PF, Chapman PM, Neff J, Page DS. Influence of exposure and toxicokinetics on measures of aquatic toxicity for organic contaminants: a case study review. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2013; 9:196-210. [PMID: 23229376 PMCID: PMC3664022 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This theoretical and case study review of dynamic exposures of aquatic organisms to organic contaminants examines variables important for interpreting exposure and therefore toxicity. The timing and magnitude of the absorbed dose change when the dynamics of exposure change. Thus, the dose metric for interpreting toxic responses observed during such exposure conditions is generally limited to the specific experiment and cannot be extrapolated to either other experiments with different exposure dynamics or to field exposures where exposure dynamics usually are different. This is particularly true for mixture exposures, for which the concentration and composition and, therefore, the timing and magnitude of exposure to individual components of different potency and potentially different mechanisms of action can vary. Aquatic toxicology needs studies that develop temporal thresholds for absorbed toxicant doses to allow for better extrapolation between conditions of dynamic exposure. Improved experimental designs are required that include high-quality temporal measures of both the exposure and the absorbed dose to allow better interpretation of data. For the short term, initial water concentration can be considered a conservative measure of exposure, although the extent to which this is true cannot be estimated specifically unless the dynamics of exposure as well as the toxicokinetics of the chemicals in the exposure scenario for the organism of interest are known. A better, but still limited, metric for interpreting the exposure and, therefore, toxicity is the peak absorbed dose, although this neglects toxicodynamics, requires appropriate temporal measures of accumulated dose to determine the peak concentration, and requires temporal thresholds for critical body residue for each component of the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerry Neff
- Neff & AssociatesDuxbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David S Page
- Bowdoin College Chemistry Department6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011-8466, USA
- * To whom correspondence may be addressed:
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24
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Barros-Becker F, Romero J, Pulgar A, Feijóo CG. Persistent oxytetracycline exposure induces an inflammatory process that improves regenerative capacity in zebrafish larvae. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36827. [PMID: 22590621 PMCID: PMC3349639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive use of antibiotics in aquaculture can adversely affect not only the environment, but also fish themselves. In this regard, there is evidence that some antibiotics can activate the immune system and reduce their effectiveness. None of those studies consider in detail the adverse inflammatory effect that the antibiotic remaining in the water may cause to the fish. In this work, we use the zebrafish to analyze quantitatively the effects of persistent exposure to oxytetracycline, the most common antibiotic used in fish farming. METHODOLOGY We developed a quantitative assay in which we exposed zebrafish larvae to oxytetracycline for a period of 24 to 96 hrs. In order to determinate if the exposure causes any inflammation reaction, we evaluated neutrophils infiltration and quantified their total number analyzing the Tg(mpx:GFP)(i114) transgenic line by fluorescence stereoscope, microscope and flow cytometry respectively. On the other hand, we characterized the process at a molecular level by analyzing several immune markers (il-1β, il-10, lysC, mpx, cyp1a) at different time points by qPCR. Finally, we evaluated the influence of the inflammation triggered by oxytetracycline on the regeneration capacity in the lateral line. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that after 48 hours of exposure, the oxytetracycline triggered a widespread inflammation process that persisted until 96 hours of exposure. Interestingly, larvae that developed an inflammation process showed an improved regeneration capacity in the mechanosensory system lateral line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Barros-Becker
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Pulgar
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen G. Feijóo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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25
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King-Heiden TC, Mehta V, Xiong KM, Lanham KA, Antkiewicz DS, Ganser A, Heideman W, Peterson RE. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of dioxin in fish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 354:121-38. [PMID: 21958697 PMCID: PMC3306500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin) is a global environmental contaminant and the prototypical ligand for investigating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-mediated toxicity. Environmental exposure to TCDD results in developmental and reproductive toxicity in fish, birds and mammals. To resolve the ecotoxicological relevance and human health risks posed by exposure to dioxin-like AHR agonists, a vertebrate model is needed that allows for toxicity studies at various levels of biological organization, assesses adverse reproductive and developmental effects and establishes appropriate integrative correlations between different levels of effects. Here we describe the reproductive and developmental toxicity of TCDD in feral fish species and summarize how using the zebrafish model to investigate TCDD toxicity has enabled us to characterize the AHR signaling in fish and to better understand how dioxin-like chemicals induce toxicity. We propose that such studies can be used to predict the risks that AHR ligands pose to feral fish populations and provide a platform for integrating risk assessments for both ecologically relevant organisms and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisha C. King-Heiden
- Department of Biology and River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI
| | - Vatsal Mehta
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Kong M. Xiong
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Kevin A. Lanham
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Alissa Ganser
- Department of Biology and River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI
| | - Warren Heideman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Richard E. Peterson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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26
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Daouk T, Larcher T, Roupsard F, Lyphout L, Rigaud C, Ledevin M, Loizeau V, Cousin X. Long-term food-exposure of zebrafish to PCB mixtures mimicking some environmental situations induces ovary pathology and impairs reproduction ability. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 105:270-278. [PMID: 21777556 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been banned for several decades, they are still present in the environment and are occasionally mechanically released from sediment or transferred through the trophic chain. Field analyses have established correlations between exposure to PCBs and alterations in fish physiology including reproductive function. Experimental exposures have been mainly performed using dioxin-like PCBs or other congeners at very high concentrations. However, these studies are often difficult to relate to real-life conditions. In the present study, we performed a life-cycle exposure using zebrafish model and mixtures representative of some environmental situations in terms of doses, composition and containing mainly non dioxin-like congeners. Exposure was performed through diet which is the main contamination route in the field. We demonstrated a bioaccumulation of PCBs in males and females as well as a maternal transfer to the eggs. Survival, growth and organ size were similar for all conditions. Several reproductive traits were altered after exposure to a PCB-contaminated diet, including a reduction in the number of fertilized eggs per spawn as well as an increase of the number of poorly fertilized spawns. This latter observation was found irrespective of the sex of contaminated fish. This is related to modifications of ovary histology revealing a decrease of maturing follicles and an increase of atretic follicles in the ovaries of females exposed to PCBs. These results indicate that exposure to PCBs mixtures mimicking some environmental situations, including mainly non dioxin-like congeners, can lead to a dramatic reduction in the number of offspring produced by a female over a lifetime. This is of great concern for wild species living under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Daouk
- IFREMER L'Houmeau, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
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27
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Abstract
The stress response is a normal reaction to a real or perceived threat. However, stress response systems that are overwhelmed or out of balance can increase both the incidence and severity of diseases including addiction and mood and anxiety disorders. Using an animal model with both genetic diversity and large family size can help discover the specific genetic and environmental contributions to these behavioral diseases. The stress response has been studied extensively in teleosts because of their importance in food production. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a major model organism with a strong record for use in developmental biology, genetic screening, and genomic studies. More recently, the stress response of larval and adult zebrafish has been documented. High-throughput automated tracking systems make possible behavioral readouts of the stress response in zebrafish. This non-invasive measure of the stress response can be combined with mutagenesis methods to dissect the genes involved in complex stress response behaviors in vertebrates. Understanding the genetic and epigenetic basis for the stress response in vertebrates will help to develop advanced screening and therapies for stress-aggravated diseases such as addiction and mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.
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Şişman T. Early life stage and genetic toxicity of stannous chloride on zebrafish embryos and adults: toxic effects of tin on zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:240-249. [PMID: 20014007 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to stannous chloride (SnCl(2)), known as tin chloride, present in packaged food, soft drinks, biocides, dentifrices, etc. Health effects in children exposed to tin and tin compounds have not been investigated yet. Therefore, we evaluated the possible teratogenic effects and genotoxic of SnCl(2) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults and their embryos. In the embryo-larval study, SnCl(2) showed embryo toxicity and developmental delay after exposure to the various concentrations of 10-250 μM for 120 h. Teratogenic effects including morphological malformations of the embryos and larvae were observed. The embryos exposed to 100 μM displayed tail deformation at 28 hpf and the larvae exposed to 50 μM showed reduced body growth, smaller head and eyes, bent trunk, mild pericardial edema, and smaller caudal fin at 96 hpf. The results of the teratological study show that SnCl(2) induced a significant decrease in the number of living embryos and larvae. Regarding the chromosome analysis, SnCl(2) induced a dose-dependent increase in the micronucleus (MN) frequency in peripheral erythrocytes of adult zebrafish. In blood cells, the 25 μM dose of SnCl(2) caused a nonsignificant increase in the total chromosomal aberrations, but the high doses significantly increased the total number of chromosomal aberrations compared with the control groups. Overall, the results clearly indicate that SnCl(2) is teratogenic and genotoxic to zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Şişman
- Biology Department, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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29
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Padilla S, Cowden J, Hinton DE, Yuen B, Law S, Kullman SW, Johnson R, Hardman RC, Flynn K, Au DWT. Use of medaka in toxicity testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; Chapter 1:Unit1.10. [PMID: 20922755 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx0110s39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Small aquarium fishes are increasingly used as animal models, and one of these, the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes), is frequently utilized for toxicity testing. While these vertebrates have many similarities with their terrestrial counterparts, there are differences that must be considered if these organisms are to be used to their highest potential. Commonly, testing may employ either the developing embryo or adults; both are easy to use and work with. To illustrate the utility and breadth of toxicity testing possible using medaka fish, we present protocols for assessing neurotoxicity in developing embryos, evaluating toxicant effects on sexual phenotype after treatment with endocrine-disrupting chemicals by sexual genotyping, and measuring hepatotoxicity in adult fish after treatment with a model hepatotoxicant. The methods run the gamut from immunohistology through PCR to basic histological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Padilla
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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30
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Zhu ZJ, Carboni R, Quercio M, Yan B, Miranda OR, Anderton DL, Arcaro KF, Rotello VM, Vachet RW. Surface properties dictate uptake, distribution, excretion, and toxicity of nanoparticles in fish. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:2261-5. [PMID: 20842664 PMCID: PMC3024600 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Rachel Carboni
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Michael Quercio
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Oscar R. Miranda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Douglas L. Anderton
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Kathleen F. Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Richard W. Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
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31
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Meyer JN. QPCR: a tool for analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage in ecotoxicology. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:804-11. [PMID: 20049526 PMCID: PMC2844971 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay for DNA damage and repair has been used extensively in laboratory species. More recently, it has been adapted to ecological settings. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed methodological guide that will facilitate its adaptation to additional species, highlight its potential for ecotoxicological and biomonitoring work, and critically review the strengths and limitations of this assay. Major strengths of the assay include very low (nanogram to picogram) amounts of input DNA; direct comparison of damage and repair in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and different parts of the nuclear genome; detection of a wide range of types of DNA damage; very good reproducibility and quantification; applicability to properly preserved frozen samples; simultaneous monitoring of relative mitochondrial genome copy number; and easy adaptation to most species. Potential limitations include the limit of detection (approximately 1 lesion per 10(5) bases); the inability to distinguish different types of DNA damage; and the need to base quantification of damage on a control or reference sample. I suggest that the QPCR assay is particularly powerful for some ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, Box 90328, NC 27708-0328, USA.
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Wenger M, Ondračková M, Machala M, Neča J, Hyršl P, Šimková A, Jurajda P, von der Ohe P, Segner H. Assessing relationships between chemical exposure, parasite infection, fish health, and fish ecological status: a case study using chub (Leuciscus cephalus) in the Bílina River, Czech Republic. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:453-466. [PMID: 20821465 DOI: 10.1002/etc.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressor scenarios, as they are relevant in many watersheds, call for approaches extending beyond conventional chemical-focused approaches. The present study, investigated the fish population, represented by chub (Leuciscus cephalus), in the Bílina River (Czech Republic), which is impacted by various pollution sources and might pose a risk on the fish population. To confirm or reject this hypothesis it was examined whether there exists an association between abundance of chub and exposure to toxic chemicals as well as natural stressors, represented by parasites, and whether health-related suborganismal traits, namely, organ indices, tissue histopathology, and immune parameters, would help in revealing relationships between stressor impact and population status. Toxic pressure was assessed by the toxic unit approach, which gives an integrative estimate of toxic effect concentrations and by measuring the biomarkers cytochrome P4501A and vitellogenin, which indicate exposure to bioavailable arylhydrocarbon- or estrogen receptor ligands. Parasite pressure was estimated by determining abundance and species composition of ecto- and endoparasites of chub. Chub abundance was high upstream in the Bílina, low to zero in the middle stretches, and increased again downstream. Toxic pressure increased in the downstream direction, while parasite intensity decreased in this direction. Health status of chub did not differ clearly between up-, middle-, and downstream sites. Thus, it appears that neither toxic pressure nor parasite pressure nor their combination translates into a change of chub health status. By using varied assessment tools, this study provides evidence against a presumed causative role of toxicants impairing the fish ecological status of the Bílina River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wenger
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, P.O. Box 8466, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markéta Ondračková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Neča
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hyršl
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jurajda
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter von der Ohe
- Umweltforschungszentrum (UFZ), Department of Effect-Directed Analysis; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, P.O. Box 8466, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Acevedo-Whitehouse K, Duffus ALJ. Effects of environmental change on wildlife health. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 364:3429-38. [PMID: 19833653 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental change has negatively affected most biological systems on our planet and is becoming of increasing concern for the well-being and survival of many species. At an organism level, effects encompass not only endocrine disruptions, sex-ratio changes and decreased reproductive parameters, but also include teratogenic and genotoxic effects, immunosuppression and other immune-system impairments that can lead directly to disease or increase the risk of acquiring disease. Living organisms will strive to maintain health by recognizing and resolving abnormal situations, such as the presence of invading microorganisms or harmful peptides, abnormal cell replication and deleterious mutations. However, fast-paced environmental changes may pose additional pressure on immunocompetence and health maintenance, which may seriously impact population viability and persistence. Here, we outline the importance of a functional immune system for survival and examine the effects that exposure to a rapidly changing environment might exert on immunocompetence. We then address the various levels at which anthropogenic environmental change might affect wildlife health and identify potential deficits in reproductive parameters that might arise owing to new immune challenges in the context of a rapidly changing environment. Throughout the paper, a series of examples and case studies are used to illustrate the impact of environmental change on wildlife health.
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34
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Stegeman JJ, Goldstone JV, Hahn ME. Perspectives on zebrafish as a model in environmental toxicology. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(10)02910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Baldwin DH, Spromberg JA, Collier TK, Scholz NL. A fish of many scales: extrapolating sublethal pesticide exposures to the productivity of wild salmon populations. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2009; 19:2004-2015. [PMID: 20014574 DOI: 10.1890/08-1891.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, numerous pesticides have been detected in river systems of the western United States that support anadromous species of Pacific salmon and steelhead. Over the same interval, several declining wild salmon populations have been listed as either threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Because pesticides occur in surface waters that provide critical habitat for ESA-listed stocks, they are an ongoing concern for salmon conservation and recovery throughout California and the Pacific Northwest. Because pesticide exposures are typically sublethal, a key question is whether toxicological effects at (or below) the scale of the individual animal ultimately reduce the productivity and recovery potential of wild populations. In this study we evaluate how the sublethal impacts of pesticides on physiology and behavior can reduce the somatic growth of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and, by extension, subsequent size-dependent survival when animals migrate to the ocean and overwinter in their first year. Our analyses focused on the organophosphate and carbamate classes of insecticides. These neurotoxic chemicals have been widely detected in aquatic environments. They inhibit acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme in the salmon nervous system that regulates neurotransmitter-mediated signaling at synapses. Based on empirical data, we developed a model that explicitly links sublethal reductions in acetylcholinesterase activity to reductions in feeding behavior, food ration, growth, and size at migration. Individual size was then used to estimate size-dependent survival during migration and transition to the sea. Individual survival estimates were then integrated into a life-history population projection matrix and used to calculate population productivity and growth rate. Our results indicate that short-term (i.e., four-day) exposures that are representative of seasonal pesticide use may be sufficient to reduce the growth and size at ocean entry of juvenile chinook. The consequent reduction in individual survival over successive years reduces the intrinsic productivity (lambda) of a modeled ocean-type chinook population. Overall, we show that exposures to common pesticides may place important constraints on the recovery of ESA-listed salmon species, and that simple models can be used to extrapolate toxicological impacts across several scales of biological complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Baldwin
- NOAA Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA.
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36
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Zhang F, Bartels MJ, Geter DR, Carr MS, McClymount LE, Marino TA, Klecka GM. Simultaneous quantitation of testosterone, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, and 11-ketotestosterone in fathead minnow fish plasma by liquid chromatography/positive atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3637-3646. [PMID: 19890953 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, for the first time, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/positive atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/APPI-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of testosterone, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, and 11-ketotestosterone in fathead minnow fish plasma using no more than 10 microL of plasma. Compounds present in plasma were directly derivatized with dansyl chloride and 25 microL of the derivatized mixture was injected into the LC/APPI-MS/MS system. The gradient chromatographic elution was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 analytical column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 microm particle size) with mobile phases consisting of acetonitrile, water and acetic acid. The flow rate was 0.5 to 0.7 mL/min and the total run time was 11.5 min. The lower limits of quantitation for testosterone, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, and 11-ketotestosterone and were 1, 1, 1, and 2.5 ng/mL, respectively. Intra-batch precision was less than 19.4% and inter-batch precision was less than 11.7% for all four analytes. Accuracy was within 83.5-115.4% of nominal concentrations. This method is used for quantitation of sex steroid levels in fathead minnow tested in endocrine disruptor screening experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagen Zhang
- Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
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37
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Kent ML, Feist SW, Harper C, Hoogstraten-Miller S, Law JM, Sánchez-Morgado JM, Tanguay RL, Sanders GE, Spitsbergen JM, Whipps CM. Recommendations for control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:240-8. [PMID: 18755294 PMCID: PMC3270489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about infectious diseases in fish used for research have risen along with the dramatic increase in the use of fish as models in biomedical research. In addition to acute diseases causing severe morbidity and mortality, underlying chronic conditions that cause low-grade or subclinical infections may confound research results. Here we present recommendations and strategies to avoid or minimize the impacts of infectious agents in fishes maintained in the research setting. There are distinct differences in strategies for control of pathogens in fish used for research compared to fishes reared as pets or in aquaculture. Also, much can be learned from strategies and protocols for control of diseases in rodents used in research, but there are differences. This is due, in part, the unique aquatic environment that is modified by the source and quality of the water provided and the design of facilities. The process of control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities is relatively new, and will be an evolving process over time. Nevertheless, the goal of documenting, detecting, and excluding pathogens in fish is just as important as in mammalian research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Kent
- Center for Fish Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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38
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Hardman RC, Kullman SW, Hinton DE. Non invasive in vivo investigation of hepatobiliary structure and function in STII medaka (Oryzias latipes): methodology and applications. COMPARATIVE HEPATOLOGY 2008; 7:7. [PMID: 18838008 PMCID: PMC2586619 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5926-7-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background A novel transparent stock of medaka (Oryzias latipes; STII), recessive for all pigments found in chromatophores, permits transcutaneous imaging of internal organs and tissues in living individuals. Findings presented describe the development of methodologies for non invasive in vivo investigation in STII medaka, and the successful application of these methodologies to in vivo study of hepatobiliary structure, function, and xenobiotic response, in both 2 and 3 dimensions. Results Using brightfield, and widefield and confocal fluorescence microscopy, coupled with the in vivo application of fluorescent probes, structural and functional features of the hepatobiliary system, and xenobiotic induced toxicity, were imaged at the cellular level, with high resolution (< 1 μm), in living individuals. The findings presented demonstrate; (1) phenotypic response to xenobiotic exposure can be investigated/imaged in vivo with high resolution (< 1 μm), (2) hepatobiliary transport of solutes from blood to bile can be qualitatively and quantitatively studied/imaged in vivo, (3) hepatobiliary architecture in this lower vertebrate liver can be studied in 3 dimensions, and (4) non invasive in vivo imaging/description of hepatobiliary development in this model can be investigated. Conclusion The non-invasive in vivo methodologies described are a unique means by which to investigate biological structure, function and xenobiotic response with high resolution in STII medaka. In vivo methodologies also provide the future opportunity to integrate molecular mechanisms (e.g., genomic, proteomic) of disease and toxicity with phenotypic changes at the cellular and system levels of biological organization. While our focus has been the hepatobiliary system, other organ systems are equally amenable to in vivo study, and we consider the potential for discovery, within the context of in vivo investigation in STII medaka, as significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Hardman
- Duke University, Environmental Sciences and Policy Division, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, LSRC A333, Durham, NC, USA.
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Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of cellular responses in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) following oral gavage with microcystin-LR. Toxicon 2008; 51:1431-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Goodale BC, Walter R, Pelsue SR, Thompson WD, Wise SS, Winn RN, Mitani H, Wise JP. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium in medaka (Oryzias latipes) cells. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 87:60-67. [PMID: 18313153 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is an increasing health concern for aquatic environments, however, the mechanism of chromium toxicity in aquatic species is yet unknown. We used a medaka (Oryzias latipes) fin cell line to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of sodium chromate, a soluble form of hexavalent chromium. We used a clonogenic cytotoxicity assay to measure sodium chromate cytotoxicity, gamma-H2A.X immunofluoresence to measure DNA double-strand breaks, and chromosome damage to measure clastogenicity. We found that sodium chromate is cytotoxic to medaka fin cells, with toxicity increasing in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatments of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 microM sodium chromate caused 100, 103.5, 87.8, 77.5, 40.9, 15 and 2.7% survival, respectively, relative to the control. We visualized DNA double-strand breaks in medaka cells through the formation of gamma-H2A.X foci. Breaks could be detected at concentrations as low as 1 microM. We also found that sodium chromate induces chromosomal aberrations, causing chromatid lesions and exchanges that increase with concentration. Treatments of 0, 1, 5, 10 and 25 microM sodium chromate damaged 10.3, 17, 32.3, 43 and 51.6% of metaphases and induced 13, 23, 44, 69 and 118 total aberrations in 100 metaphases, respectively. These data show that hexavalent chromium is both cytotoxic and genotoxic to fish cells. Our results set the context for future work in the medaka cell culture model and provide important tools for investigating mechanisms of toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton C Goodale
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, P.O. Box 9300, Portland, ME 04104, United States
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Liedtke A, Muncke J, Rüfenacht K, Eggen RIL. Molecular multi-effect screening of environmental pollutants using the MolDarT. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008; 23:59-67. [PMID: 18214934 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular effect detection is a useful approach for ecotoxicological screening of chemicals. We show here the application of the molecular DarT (MolDarT), where the expression of selected target genes is detected in short-term (120 h) exposed developing zebrafish (Danio rerio), thus allowing subacute multi-effect compound screening. The genes metallothionein 2 (mt2), cytochrome P450 1A1 (cyp1a1), and recombination activation gene 1 (rag1) are used as endpoints that describe detoxification/metal toxicity (mt2), detoxification/PAH toxicity (cyp1a1), and acquired immune system disruption (rag1). Each gene's developmental expression was studied in unexposed zebrafish during 4 to 120 h past fertilization (hpf), and all three genes were found to be expressed at 120 hpf. Furthermore, mt2 transcripts were present at high levels at 4 hpf, indicating a maternal transfer. For positive toxicity controls, freshly fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed for 120 hpf to ZnSO(4), 1,5-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) and CdCl(2). Exposure to 100 and 200 microM ZnSO(4) significantly induced mt2; 10 microM DMN and 20 microM DMN resulted in significantly increased cyp1a1 abundance; and 5 and 10 microM CdCl(2) significantly reduced rag1 expression levels. Furthermore, we analysed these target genes for their expression in zebrafish eggs from a previous exposure study. The eggs were exposed for 120 hpf to the environmental pollutants estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), nonylphenol (NP), atrazine, cyproconazol, and bisphenol A (BPA) and found differential expression of the three genes. Exposure to the (xeno-)estrogenic compound NP (0.75 microM) significantly lowered mt2 expression. This study shows the potential of short-term in vivo multi-effect screenings within one single subacute exposure using the MolDarT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Liedtke
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Toxicology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Kong RYC, Giesy JP, Wu RSS, Chen EXH, Chiang MWL, Lim PL, Yuen BBH, Yip BWP, Mok HOL, Au DWT. Development of a marine fish model for studying in vivo molecular responses in ecotoxicology. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 86:131-141. [PMID: 18055030 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for fixation and processing of whole adult marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) was developed in parallel with in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for molecular analysis of in vivo gene and protein responses in fish. Over 200 serial sagittal sections (5microm) can be produced from a single adult medaka to facilitate simultaneous localization and quantification of gene-specific mRNAs and proteins in different tissues and subcellular compartments of a single fish. Stereological analysis (as measured by volume density, V(v)) was used to quantify ISH and IHC signals on tissue sections. Using the telomerase reverse transcriptase (omTERT) gene, omTERT and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proteins as examples, we demonstrated that it is possible to localize, quantify and correlate their tissue expression profiles in a whole fish system. Using chronic hypoxia (1.8+/-0.2 mgO(2)L(-1) for 3 months) as an environmental stressor, we were able to identify significant alterations in levels of omTERT mRNA, omTERT protein, PCNA (cell proliferation marker) and TUNEL (apoptosis) in livers of hypoxic O. melastigma (p<0.05). Overall, the results suggest that O. melastigma can serve as a model marine fish for assessing multiple in vivo molecular responses to stresses in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y C Kong
- Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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43
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How to confirm identified toxicants in effect-directed analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1959-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Robbens J, van der Ven K, Maras M, Blust R, De Coen W. Ecotoxicological risk assessment using DNA chips and cellular reporters. Trends Biotechnol 2007; 25:460-6. [PMID: 17826854 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological risk assessment has long been based on (acute) effective concentration and lethal concentration (EC/LC50) endpoints in organisms from different trophic levels. These tests are insufficient adequately to assess the risk associated with many chemical classes. The introduction of advanced molecular techniques is leading to improved risk assessment and is also providing an alternative to the massive use of animal testing. Transcriptional profiling and DNA chips are highly informative and are among the most promising novel techniques for environmental risk assessment. Moreover, information discerned from these chips enables the identification of new discriminative biomarker genes. Based on these biomarker genes, cellular reporters can be constructed. These can be used in a high-throughput set-up and can facilitate ecotoxicological risk assessment significantly. Some important technical and interpretative hurdles still need to be overcome before a full implementation of ecotoxicogenomics in regulatory settings will occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Robbens
- Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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45
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Gould GG, Brooks BW, Frazer A. [3H] Citalopram Binding to Serotonin Transporter Sites in Minnow Brains. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 101:203-10. [PMID: 17697042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine transporters (NET) are target sites for antidepressants and are affected by pesticide exposures. Herein, we examined whether golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) or fathead minnow (Pimphales promelas) SERTs and catecholamine transporters respond comparably to mammalian SERTs and NETs. We compared the pharmacological profiles of central SERT and NET binding sites of the golden shiner minnow to those of rats. Homogenate binding with the radioligand [(3)H] citalopram indicated that golden shiner SERT has a K(D) of 7 +/- 3 nM and a B(max) of 226 +/- 46 fmol/mg protein. These values are similar to those of rat cortical SERT (K(D) 1.4 +/- 0.1 nM and B(max) 240 +/- 48 fmol/mg protein). We also examined SERT binding in fathead minnow brain, and found it similar to that of the golden shiner. A putative golden shiner NET, measured using [(3)H] nisoxetine, had K(D) = 12 +/- 5 nM and B(max) = 187 +/- 49 fmol/mg protein, whereas rat hippocampal NET had K(D) = 5 +/- 2 nM and B(max) = 93 +/- 8 fmol/mg protein. Minnow SERT and NET binding is displaceable by selective reuptake inhibitors. Finally, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to the serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressant sertraline or the organophosphate chlorpyrifos for 21 days. After either treatment, SERT binding was reduced by 50% (n = 3-6, P < 0.05). In summary, minnow central SERT and NET express slightly lower affinity for antidepressants than rats. However, magnitudes of affinity are similar, and minnow SERT binding is decreased by chronic sertraline or chlorpyrifos administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgianna G Gould
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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46
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Lema SC, Schultz IR, Scholz NL, Incardona JP, Swanson P. Neural defects and cardiac arrhythmia in fish larvae following embryonic exposure to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 47). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 82:296-307. [PMID: 17412433 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are added to plastics, polyurethane foam, and textiles as a flame retardant. While PBDEs play a key role in reducing loss of human life and property from fires, these flame retardants have become pervasive organic contaminants in the environment and in the tissues of fish, birds, marine mammals, and humans. Levels of PBDEs in wildlife and humans continue to rise, raising concerns about potential ecological and health risks associated with exposure to these chemicals. Nevertheless, there is little currently known about the toxicological effects of PBDE exposure. Here, we examined the developmental toxicity of the PBDE congener 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 47) using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an ontogenetic model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed continuously to dissolved phase PBDE 47 (100-5000 microg/l) beginning 3-5 h post-fertilization (hpf). Fish treated with the highest concentrations of PBDE 47 delayed hatching, had reduced growth post-hatching, and displayed an abnormal dorsal curvature of the body with flexion at the hindbrain. By 96h post-fertilization larvae exposed to PBDE 47 had significant tachycardia, which progressed into atrioventricular block arrhythmias. Microinjection of fluorescent dye into the hindbrain ventricle revealed that cerebrospinal fluid in the neural tube and brain ventricles flowed more slowly in fish larvae exposed to PBDE 47, a likely etiology for the dorsal curvature. Similar, though much less pronounced, developmental toxicity also occurred in larvae exposed to PBDE 47 only for a 20h period during early embryogenesis (3-23 hpf), suggesting that PBDEs incorporated in lipid of the egg are bioavailable and cause toxicity later in life. Taken together, this work indicates that exposure to PBDE 47 can cause morphological abnormalities, impair cardiovascular function and cerebrospinal fluid flow, and provides a tractable starting point for using the zebrafish model to explore molecular mechanisms of PBDE toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Lema
- NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.
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47
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Moens LN, Smolders R, van der Ven K, van Remortel P, Del-Favero J, De Coen WM. Effluent impact assessment using microarray-based analysis in common carp: a systems toxicology approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:2293-304. [PMID: 17267021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Effluents are a main source of direct and continuous input of pollutants to the aquatic environment, and can cause ecotoxicological effects at different levels of biological organization. Since gene expression responses represent the primary interaction site between environmental contaminants and biota, they provide essential clues to understand how chemical exposure can affect organismal health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the applicability of a microarray approach for unraveling modes of action of whole effluent toxicity and impact assessment. A chronic toxicity test with common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was conducted where fish were exposed to a control and 100% effluent for 21 days under flow-through conditions. Microarray analysis revealed that effluent treatment mainly affected molecular pathways associated with the energy balance of the fish, including changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as digestive enzyme activity. These gene expression responses were in clear agreement with, and provided additional mechanistic information on various cellular and higher level effects observed for the same effluent. Our results demonstrate the benefit of toxicogenomic tools in a "systems toxicology" approach, involving the integration of adverse effects of chemicals and stressors across multiple levels of biological complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte N Moens
- Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlann 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Ju Z, Wells MC, Heater SJ, Walter RB. Multiple tissue gene expression analyses in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 145:134-44. [PMID: 16916623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Revised: 06/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due in part to human population growth watersheds and coastal estuaries have been receiving increasing run-off of nutrients and genotoxins. As a consequence, the occurrences of nutrient-driven hypoxia in coastal waters appear to be increasing. Thus, understanding the molecular genetic response to hypoxia by model aquatic organisms is of interest both from environmental and physiological viewpoints. The major objectives of this study are to determine genome-wide gene expression profiles and to better understand how hypoxia influences global gene expression in medaka (Oryzias latipes), a well utilized aquatic model species. Herein we detail our development of a microarray containing 8046 medaka unigenes and describe our experimental results for measuring gene expression changes in the brain, gill, and liver of hypoxia exposed fish. Using conservative selection criteria, we determined that 501 genes in the brain, 442 in the gill, and 715 in the liver were differentially expressed in medaka exposed to hypoxia. These differentially expressed genes fell into a number of biological gene ontology groups related to general metabolism, catabolism, RNA and protein metabolism, etc. Two biological pathways, ubiquitin-proteasome and phosphatidylinositol signaling, were significantly dysregulated in medaka upon hypoxia exposure. Comparative genomics between medaka and human identified several human orthologies associated with known diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Ju
- Molecular Biosciences Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666-4616, USA.
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Schultz IR, Reed S, Pratt A, Skillman AD. Quantitative oral dosing of water soluble and lipophilic contaminants in the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 145:86-95. [PMID: 17188578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative oral dosing in fish can be challenging, particularly with water soluble contaminants, which can leach into the aquarium water prior to ingestion. We applied a method of bioencapsulation using newly hatched brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) nauplii to study the toxicokinetics of five chlorinated and brominated halogenated acetic acids (HAAs), which are drinking water disinfection by-products. These results are compared to those obtained in a previous study using a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-47), a highly lipophilic chemical. The HAAs and PBDE-47 were bioencapsulated using freshly hatched A. franciscana nauplii after incubation in concentrated solutions of the study chemicals for 18 h. Aliquots of the brine shrimp were quantitatively removed for chemical analysis and fed to individual fish that were able to consume 400-500 nauplii in less than 5 min. At select times after feeding, fish were euthanized and the HAA or PBDE-47 content determined. The absorption of HAAs was quantitatively similar to previous studies in rodents: rapid absorption with peak body levels occurring within 1-2 h, then rapidly declining with elimination half-life of 0.3-3 h depending on HAA. PBDE-47 was more slowly absorbed with peak levels occurring by 18 h and very slowly eliminated with an elimination half-life of 281 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Schultz
- Battelle Pacific NW Division, Sequim, WA 98382, USA.
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50
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Hutchinson TH. Small is useful in endocrine disrupter assessment--four key recommendations for aquatic invertebrate research. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2007; 16:231-8. [PMID: 17219089 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As we enter the 21st "biocentury", with issues such as biodiversity and biotechnology growing in public profile, it is important to reflect on the immense ecological, medical and economic importance of invertebrates. Efforts to understand the diverse biology of invertebrates come from many directions, including Nobel Prize winning developmental biology, research to control insects that threaten human health and food supplies, aquaculture opportunities and also within ecotoxicology. In the latter context, this special journal volume highlights the importance of addressing endocrine disruption in aquatic invertebrates, from molecular and cellular biomarkers to population-relevant adverse effects. The contributors to this special volume have provided an excellent assessment of both the fundamental endocrinology and applied ecotoxicology of many aquatic invertebrate groups. On the premise that reproductive success is ultimately the vital population parameter, this chapter gives a personal view of key gaps in knowledge in invertebrate reproductive and developmental endocrinology and ecotoxicology. Based on current knowledge, there are four key issues that need to be prioritised within aquatic ecotoxicology: (1) a wider assessment of the reproductive status of invertebrates in both freshwater and coastal ecosystems; (2) prioritisation of laboratory studies in OECD and other regulatory test organisms, including basic endocrinology and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) research; (3) development and validation of mechanistic biomarkers that can be used as "signposts" to help prioritise species and chronic test endpoint selection, and help link data from laboratory and field studies; and (4) develop a comparative invertebrate toxicology database utilising the prioritised reference chemicals from the EDIETA workshop, encompassing the diverse modes-of-action pertinent to endocrine disrupter testing in both aquatic arthropod and non-arthropod invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Hutchinson
- AstraZeneca Global Safety, Health and Environment, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon TQ5 8BA, UK.
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