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Zhang Y, Jiang F, Li F, Lu S, Liu Z, Wang Y, Chi Y, Jiang C, Zhang L, Chen Q, He Z, Zhao X, Qiao J, Xu X, Leung KMY, Liu X, Wu F. Global daily mask use estimation in the pandemic and its post environmental health risks: Analysis based on a validated dynamic mathematical model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134572. [PMID: 38772106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a sharp increase in disposable surgical mask usage. Discarded masks can release microplastic and cause environmental pollution. Since masks have become a daily necessity for protection against virus infections, it is necessary to review the usage and disposal of masks during the pandemic for future management. In this study, we constructed a dynamic model by introducing related parameters to estimate daily mask usage in 214 countries from January 22, 2020 to July 31, 2022. And we validated the accuracy of our model by establishing a dataset based on published survey data. Our results show that the cumulative mask usage has reached 800 billion worldwide, and the microplastics released from discarded masks due to mismanagement account for 3.27% of global marine microplastic emissions in this period. Furthermore, we illustrated the response relationship between mask usage and the infection rates. We found a marginally significant negative correlation existing between the mean daily per capita mask usage and the rate of cumulative confirmed cases within the range of 25% to 50%. This indicates that if the rate reaches the specified threshold, the preventive effect of masks may become evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School of information science and engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yiming Chi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chenchen Jiang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zhipeng He
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institude, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jianmin Qiao
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education and College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Phuong NN, Duong TT, Pham QT, Ngo TXT, Nguyen TMD, Phuong NA, Le TPQ, Duong TN, Dhivert E, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Poirier L, Gasperi J. Anthropogenic particle abundance and characteristics in seawater and intertidal sediments of the Tonkin Bay Coast (North Vietnam). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:514. [PMID: 38709331 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs, plastic items from 1 µm to 5 mm in size) are present in all environmental compartments. The evaluation of their concentration, fate, and spatial distribution is still a challenge for the scientific community. This concern is just debuting in developing countries, (i.e., Asia, South America, and Africa). This study deals with the MP contamination in the abiotic marine compartments of Northern Vietnam: seawater and intertidal sediments. Four sites located in the intertidal zone or near the coastline in Tonkin Bay, Vietnam were studied. A total of 16 samples (eight for each compartment) were collected in July 2020 (rainy season) and January 2021 (dry season). Anthropogenic particles (total observed fibers and fragments) were found at levels ranging from 3 to 303 particles/m3 in seawater and from 63 to 955 particles/kg dry weight in sediments. Most of these were fibers less than 300-µm long. Higher levels of seawater at the Nam Dinh site were found in the rainy season compared to the dry one. As the river flow was estimated six times higher during the rainy season than during the dry season, these results suggest the river discharge is a potential source of contamination for the coastal zone. The temporal variability was lower for the sediments than for the seawater, suggesting the long-term integration of the anthropogenic particles in this compartment. A small portion of sorted particles were analyzed by µFTIR (8.35%), and this sub-sample was only composed of fragments. Still, fragments were mostly composed of polypropylene (PP, 82%), polyethylene (PE, 9%), and polystyrene (PS, 9%). The fragment size was similar in the two studied compartments, but it was dependent on polymer types since PS fragments (140 ± 17 µm) were smaller than those made of PE (622 ± 123 µm) and PP (869 ± 905 µm). Future works should investigate the smallest fraction of MP (even nanoplastics) as well as find solutions in order to mitigate MP contamination in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nam Phuong
- PhuTho College of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2201 Hung Vuong Boulevard, Viet Tri City, Phu Tho Province, 290000, Vietnam.
| | - Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Science and Technology for Energy and Environment, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Quoc Tuan Pham
- PhuTho College of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2201 Hung Vuong Boulevard, Viet Tri City, Phu Tho Province, 290000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Xuan Thinh Ngo
- PhuTho College of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2201 Hung Vuong Boulevard, Viet Tri City, Phu Tho Province, 290000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Minh Diep Nguyen
- PhuTho College of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2201 Hung Vuong Boulevard, Viet Tri City, Phu Tho Province, 290000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Anh Phuong
- Vietnam National Lung Hospital, 463 Hoang Hoa Tham, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Quynh Le
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Nghi Duong
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, 246 Da Nang Street, Ngo Quyen, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Elie Dhivert
- EA 6293 GéoHydrosystèmes Continentaux, University of Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Aurore Zalouk-Vergnoux
- Institut Des Substances Et Organismes de La Mer, ISOMer, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Poirier
- Institut Des Substances Et Organismes de La Mer, ISOMer, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Johnny Gasperi
- GERS-LEE Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 44344, Bouguenais, France
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3
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Gao H, Wang H, Wang Y, Lin Y, Yan J, Shen H. Identification and quantification of microplastics in salts by complementary approaches using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (Py-GC/QTOFMS) and laser direct infrared (LDIR) chemical imaging analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123820. [PMID: 38527583 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have been suspected as contaminants in various foodstuffs, including salts, all over the world. Regarding the different sizes and polymer types, the mass concentrations of actual plastic particles in salt are not very clear. The purpose of this study is to develop a scalable method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of MPs and NPs by using Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Quadrupole-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (Py-GC/QTOFMS) to detect their mass concentrations in salt samples. The targeted and suspected lists of polymers in salts were compiled based on the combined results of the high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) full scanning with auxiliary MS dataset and the laser direct infrared (LDIR) chemical imaging analysis. The seven targeted MPs with polymer standards, i.e., polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polycarbonate (PC), were first subjected to a full MS scanning mode of the Py-GC/QTOFMS analysis. Subsequently, the parental masses of their pyrolysis compounds were used as the seeds to generate the related daughter masses. This process established both retention time and mass-pairs matching for the target MS/MS mode for enabling the identification and quantification of the particles. The suspected MPs with a matching degree >0.65 in the LDIR list were explored either by the full scan MS. Only PVC was identified, and PET was suspected. The Py-GC/QTOFMS result is complementary and comparable to the LDIR detection with the matching degree >0.85. We identified that PVC and PET (suspected) can be measured in both commercial and bulk sea salts, and their concentrations in sea salts are much higher than in rock salts, implying heavy contamination of the seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jianbo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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4
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Suteja Y, Purwiyanto AIS, Purbonegoro T, Cordova MR. Spatial and temporal trends of microplastic contamination in surface sediment of Benoa Bay: An urban estuary in Bali-Indonesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116357. [PMID: 38643587 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to explore microplastic contamination in the sediments of Benoa Bay. Eight locations were sampled, with four duplications denoting the rainy and dry seasons. Based on observations, the microplastic concentration varied from 9.51 to 90.60 particles/kg with an average of 31.08 ± 21.53 particles/kg. The area near the landfill had the highest abundance, while the inlet and center of Benoa Bay and the Sama River had the lowest concentration. The fragments (52.2 %) and large microplastic sizes (64.7 %) were the most documented particles. We also identified 17 polymers, which dominated (37.5 %) by polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. There were no appreciable variations in abundance between seasons, although there were substantial variations in shape and size. Comprehensive investigation, adequate policies, continuous monitoring, and reducing waste from land- and sea-based sources that engage various stakeholders must be implemented urgently to prevent the release of microplastic into the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulianto Suteja
- Marine Science Department, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Udayana University Indonesia. Jl. Raya Kampus Universitas Udayana, Bukit Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Anna Ida Sunaryo Purwiyanto
- Marine Science Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia.
| | - Triyoni Purbonegoro
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Reza Cordova
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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5
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Munir M, Subechi M, Nurmanjaya A, Prasetya KE, Rindiyantono F, Chairuman, Pratama C, Yanto, Pujiyanto A, Setiawan H, Sarwono DA, Sarmini E, Fara ME, Suseno H. Development of a polystyrene-based microplastic model for bioaccumulation and biodistribution study using radiotracing and nuclear analysis method. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116283. [PMID: 38522338 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of micro or nano plastics behavior in the environment is essential to minimize the hazards of such pollutants on humans. While the conventional method requires sophisticated procedures and a lot of animal subjects, the nuclear technique confers a sensitive, accurate, and real-time method using radiolabeled micro or nano plastics as a tracer. In this study, polystyrene sulfonate-based microplastic (PSM) was developed with a size of around 3.6 μm, followed by radiolabeling with iodine-131 (131I) or zinc-65 (65Zn) for microplastic radiotracer model. After a stability study in seawater, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and human serum albumin (HSA) for fifteen days, PSM-131I remained stable (>90 %), except in HSA (50-60 % after day-9), while PSM-65Zn was unstable (<50 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miftakul Munir
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Moch Subechi
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Ahid Nurmanjaya
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Kukuh Eka Prasetya
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Fernanto Rindiyantono
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Chairuman
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Chaidir Pratama
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yanto
- Directorate of Laboratory Management, Research Facilities, and Science and Technology Park, Deputy for Research and Innovation Infrastructure, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Anung Pujiyanto
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Herlan Setiawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Daya Agung Sarwono
- Directorate of Nuclear Facility Management, Deputy for Research and Innovation Infrastructure, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Endang Sarmini
- Directorate of Nuclear Facility Management, Deputy for Research and Innovation Infrastructure, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Meita Eka Fara
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia; Aquatic Resources Management Master Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Jacub Rais, Tembalang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Heny Suseno
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
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6
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Xu Y, Sun Y, Lei M, Hou J. Phthalates contamination in sediments: A review of sources, influencing factors, benthic toxicity, and removal strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123389. [PMID: 38246215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sediments provide habitat and food for benthos, and phthalates (PAEs) have been detected in numerous river and marine sediments as a widely used plastic additive. PAEs in sediments is not only toxic to benthos, but also poses a threat to pelagic fish and human health through the food chain, so it is essential to comprehensively assess the contamination of sediments with PAEs. This paper presents a critical evaluation of PAEs in sediments, which is embodied in the analysis of the sources of PAEs in sediments from multiple perspectives. Biological production is indispensable, while artificial synthesis is the most dominant, thus the focus was on analyzing the industrial and commercial sources of synthetic PAEs. In addition, since the content of PAEs in sediments varies, some factors affecting the content of PAEs in sediments are summarized, such as the properties of PAEs, the properties of plastics, and environmental factors (sediments properties and hydrodynamic conditions). As endocrine disruptors, PAEs can produce toxicity to its direct contacts. Therefore, the effects of PAEs on benthos immunity, endocrinology, reproduction, development, and metabolism were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, we found that reciprocal inhibition and activation of the systems lead to genotoxicity and apoptosis. Finally, the paper discusses the feasible measures to control PAEs in wastewater and leachate from the perspective of source control, and summarizes the in-situ treatment measures for PAEs contamination in sediments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of PAEs contamination in sediments, toxic effects and removal strategies, and provides an important reference for reducing the contamination and toxicity of PAEs to benthos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yuqiong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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7
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Egea LG, Brun FG, Jiménez-Ramos R. Dissolved organic carbon leaching from microplastics and bioavailability in coastal ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168673. [PMID: 37981166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from two types of microplastics (polyethylene and polypropylene) frequently found in coastal areas were evaluated in situ. Subsequently, the bioavailability of leached DOC was assessed for microbial inocula from different coastal communities (i.e., estuarine and open-coastal waters, river-mouth waters and seagrass beds). Leached DOC was largely biodegradable (as much as 85 %). However, seagrass beds and river-mouth waters exhibited lower DOC utilization efficiency than estuarine and open-coastal waters, probably because of differences in their microbial communities. The labile/recalcitrant ratio of DOC leached from plastic was similar under illuminated and dark conditions, whereas DOC leached from polyethylene, rather than DOC leached from polypropylene, was preferentially used by microbial communities. We estimated that as many as 21,000 metric tons of DOC leached from plastics may be released into ocean annually. Our results support the need to consider the potential impacts of coastal plastic pollution on microbial communities, including consideration of the trophic webs and coastal carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Egea
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real., 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F G Brun
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real., 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - R Jiménez-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real., 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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8
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Nguyen NTT, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen DTC, Tran TV. Functionalization strategies of metal-organic frameworks for biomedical applications and treatment of emerging pollutants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167295. [PMID: 37742958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the representative coordination polymers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) material, is of hotspot interest in the multi field thanks to their unique structural characteristics and properties. As a novel hierarchical structural class, MOFs show diverse topologies, intrinsic behaviors, flexibility, etc. However, bare MOFs have less desirable biofunction, high humid sensitivity and instability in water, restraining their efficiencies in biomedical and environmental applications. Thus, a structural modification is required to address such drawbacks. Herein, we pinpoint new strategies in the synthesis and functionalization of MOFs to meet demanding requirements in in vitro tests, i.e., antibacterial face masks against corona virus infection and in wound healing and nanocarriers for drug delivery in anticancer. Regarding the treatment of wastewater containing emerging pollutants such as POPs, PFAS, and PPCPs, functionalized MOFs showed excellent performance with high efficiency and selectivity. Challenges in toxicity, vast database of clinical trials for biomedical tests and production cost can be still presented. MOFs-based composites can be, however, a bright candidate for reasonable replacement of traditional nanomaterials in biomedical and wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoan Thi Thao Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam
| | - Thuan Van Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam.
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9
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Su X, Liu M, Dai H, Dou J, Lu Z, Xu J, He Y. Novel insight into the aging process of microplastics: An in-situ study in coastal wetlands. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120871. [PMID: 37979566 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands, the critical interface between the terrestrial and marine environments, provide a dynamic and unique environment for the aging of microplastics (MPs). Nevertheless, both abiotic and biotic processes that contribute to the aging of MPs in coastal wetlands have been largely neglected. In this study, the aging of MPs was continuously characterized in Hangzhou Bay, a representative coastal wetland in Zhejiang, China. Three-month exposure of polymers in sediment-water interface induced the aging phenomenon with embrittlement and exfoliation, as evidenced by simultaneous observed alternations in crystallinity and functional groups. A first-order kinetic model was fitted to describe the rate and degree of aging quantitatively. As evidenced by the carbonyl index, the residence time of all the examined MPs exhibited significant variance, ranging from 335 to 661 days. These variations might be caused by the selective attachment of plastic-degrading microorganisms (such as Moraxella sp. and Rhodococcus sp.). A positive correlation between the carbonyl index, the number of OTUs in the MP-associated biofilm, and irradiation was observed (p < 0.001), suggesting that the aging process may be co-regulated by natural sunlight and wetland microbial colonization. This study sheds new light on the long-term environmental fate of MPs and their associated ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hengyi Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jibo Dou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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10
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Shahi NK, Kim JY, Dockko S. Process analysis of microplastic aging during the photochemical oxidation process and its effect on the adsorption behavior of dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139980. [PMID: 37648171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Information on microplastics (MPs) interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential for understanding their environmental impacts. However, research is scarce regarding the adsorption behavior of DOM with different characteristics onto pristine and aged MPs. This research thus investigates MPs aging behavior accelerated by UV/Persulfate and UV/chlorine oxidation processes and the adsorption behavior of organic matter with low-specific ultraviolet absorbance (L-SUVA) and high-SUVA (H-SUVA) characteristics. MPs were degraded by UV/Cl and UV/Persulfate for 30 days. Changes in thermal properties, surface morphology, and chemistry were studied using different analytical techniques. The adsorption behavior was assessed by adsorption kinetic and isotherm study. After oxidation, the surface of the MPs showed a significant increase in the oxygen-containing functional groups, contact angle, surface roughness, and surface energy, and a decrease in crystallinity. The oxidation effect follows the order of UV/Cl > UV/Persulfate. The kinetic and equilibrium data of H-SUVA adsorption on pristine and aged MPs well-fitted the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model. In contrast, L-SUVA well-fitted the pseudo-first-order and Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity (qm) increased in the following orders: 8.11 > 5.87>4.29 mg g-1 for H-SUVA and 19.81 > 6.662>5.315 mg g-1 for L-SUVA by MPs aged with UV/Cl, UV/Persulfate and pristine MPs, respectively. The larger the surface damage of MPs, the greater the adsorption affinity of DOM. The result was attributed to the physical adsorption process, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic, hydrogen, and halogen bonding. These findings are beneficial to provide new insights involving the adsorption behavior and interaction mechanisms of DOM onto MPs for the environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar Shahi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yup Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Dockko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Matluba M, Ahmed MK, Chowdhury KMA, Khan N, Ashiq MAR, Islam MS. The pervasiveness of microplastic contamination in the gastrointestinal tract of fish from the western coast of Bangladesh. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115145. [PMID: 37331273 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish from the western coast of Bangladesh, the world's largest mangrove ecosystem. Altogether, 8 different species of fish (5 demersal and 3 pelagic) were examined. Microplastics were detected in every individual fish with an average abundance of 7.1 ± 3.14 particles per specimen. The demersal species were observed to consume more microplastics (7.78 ± 3.51) than the pelagic species (5.92 ± 2.06). Moreover, small-sized fish was found to accumulate higher MPs/body weight than large-sized fish. Polypropylene was the most abundant polymer type (45 %) and fiber was the most prevalent shape (71 %). SEM analysis revealed cracks, pits, and foreign particles on the microplastics' surface, representing their ability to bear organic pollutants and heavy metals. This study will be a source of information for future research and a guide for policy-makers to take better actions to protect and restore marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marhaba Matluba
- Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nasim Khan
- Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Saiful Islam
- Fiber and Polymer Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
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12
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Thakur B, Singh J, Singh J, Angmo D, Vig AP. Biodegradation of different types of microplastics: Molecular mechanism and degradation efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162912. [PMID: 36933716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widely distributed and a major pollutant in our ecosystem. Microplastics (MPs) are very small size plastic (<5 mm) present in environment, which comes from industrial, agricultural and household wastes. Plastic particles are more durable due to the presence of plasticizers and chemicals or additives. These plastics pollutants are more resistant to degradation. Inadequate recycling and excessive use of plastics lead to a large amount of waste accumulating in the terrestrial ecosystem, causing a risk to humans and animals. Thus, there is an urgent need to control microplastic pollution by employing different microorganisms to overcome this hazardous issue for the environment. Biological degradation depends upon different aspects, including chemical structure, functional group, molecular weight, crystallinity and additives. Molecular mechanisms for degradation of MPs through various enzymes have not extremely studied. It is necessary to degrade the MPs and overcome this problem. This review approaches different molecular mechanisms to degrade different types of microplastics and summarize the degradation efficiency of different types of bacteria, algae and fungal strains. The present study also summarizes the potential of microorganisms to degrade different polymers and the role of different enzymes in degradation of microplastics. To the outstanding of our awareness, this is the first article devoted to the role of microorganisms with their degradation efficiency. Furthermore, it also summarizes the role of intracellular and extracellular enzymes in biological degradation mechanism of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Deachen Angmo
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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13
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Oliveira AM, Patrício Silva AL, Soares AMVM, Barceló D, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. Current knowledge on the presence, biodegradation, and toxicity of discarded face masks in the environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:109308. [PMID: 36643396 PMCID: PMC9832688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, facemasks became mandatory, with a great preference for disposable ones. However, the benefits of face masks for health safety are counteracted by the environmental burden related to their improper disposal. An unprecedented influx of disposable face masks entering the environment has been reported in the last two years of the pandemic, along with their implications in natural environments in terms of their biodegradability, released contaminants and ecotoxicological effects. This critical review addresses several aspects of the current literature regarding the (bio)degradation and (eco)toxicity of face masks related contaminants, identifying uncertainties and research needs that should be addressed in future studies. While it is indisputable that face mask contamination contributes to the already alarming plastic pollution, we are still far from determining its real environmental and ecotoxicological contribution to the issue. The paucity of studies on biodegradation and ecotoxicity of face masks and related contaminants, and the uncertainties and uncontrolled variables involved during experimental procedures, are compromising eventual comparison with conventional plastic debris. Studies on the abundance and composition of face mask-released contaminants (microplastics/fibres/ chemical compounds) under pre- and post-pandemic conditions should, therefore, be encouraged, along with (bio)degradation and ecotoxicity tests considering environmentally relevant settings. To achieve this, methodological strategies should be developed to overcome technical difficulties to quantify and characterise the smallest MPs and fibres, adsorbents, and leachates to increase the environmental relevancy of the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Oliveira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L Patrício Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water research (ICRA-CERCA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101,17003 Girona, Spain
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Lu Q, Zhou Y, Sui Q, Zhou Y. Mechanism and characterization of microplastic aging process: A review. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 17:100. [PMID: 36935734 PMCID: PMC10010843 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-023-1700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing production of petroleum-based plastics, the problem of environmental pollution caused by plastics has aroused widespread concern. Microplastics, which are formed by the fragmentation of macro plastics, are bio-accumulate easily due to their small size and slow degradation under natural conditions. The aging of plastics is an inevitable process for their degradation and enhancement of adsorption performance toward pollutants due to a series of changes in their physiochemical properties, which significantly increase the toxicity and harm of plastics. Therefore, studies should focus on the aging process of microplastics through reasonable characterization methods to promote the aging process and prevent white pollution. This review summarizes the latest progress in natural aging process and characterization methods to determine the natural aging mechanism of microplastics. In addition, recent advances in the artificial aging of microplastic pollutants are reviewed. The degradation status and by-products of biodegradable plastics in the natural environment and whether they can truly solve the plastic pollution problem have been discussed. Findings from the literature pointed out that the aging process of microplastics lacks professional and exclusive characterization methods, which include qualitative and quantitative analyses. To lessen the toxicity of microplastics in the environment, future research directions have been suggested based on existing problems in the current research. This review could provide a systematic reference for in-depth exploration of the aging mechanism and behavior of microplastics in natural and artificial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwei Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092 China
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15
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An investigation into the aging of disposable face masks in landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130671. [PMCID: PMC9789546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to the excessive use of disposable face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, their accumulation has posed a great threat to the environment. In this study, we explored the fate of masks after being disposed in landfill. We simulated the possible process that masks would experience, including the exposure to sunlight before being covered and the contact with landfill leachate. After exposure to UV radiation, all three mask layers exhibited abrasions and fractures on the surface and became unstable with the increased UV radiation duration showed aging process. The alterations in chemical groups of masks as well as the lower mechanical strength of masks after UV weathering were detected to prove the happened aging process. Then it was found that the aging of masks in landfill leachate was further accelerated compared to these processes occurring in deionized water. Furthermore, the carbonyl index and isotacticity of the mask samples after aging for 30 days in leachate were higher than those of pristine materials, especially for those endured longer UV radiation. Similarly, the weight and tensile strength of the aged masks were also found lower than the original samples. Masks were likely to release more microparticles and high concentration of metal elements into leachate than deionized water after UV radiation and aging. After being exposed to UV radiation for 48 h, the concentration of released particles in leachate was 39.45 μL/L after 1 day and then grew to 309.45 μL/L after 30 days of aging. Seven elements (Al, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb and Pb) were detected in leachate and the concentration of this metal elements increased with the longer aging time. The findings of this study can advance our understanding of the fate of disposable masks in the landfill and develop the strategy to address this challenge in waste management.
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16
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Sun XL, Xiang H, Xiong HQ, Fang YC, Wang Y. Bioremediation of microplastics in freshwater environments: A systematic review of biofilm culture, degradation mechanisms, and analytical methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160953. [PMID: 36543072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, defined as particles <5 mm in diameter, are emerging environmental pollutants that pose a threat to ecosystems and human health. Biofilm degradation of microplastics may be an ecologically friendly approach. This review systematically summarises the factors affecting biofilm degradation of microplastics and proposes feasible methods to improve the efficiency of microplastic biofilm degradation. Environmentally insensitive microorganisms were screened, optimized, and commercially cultured to facilitate the practical application of this technology. For strain screening, technology should focus on microorganisms/strains that can modify the hydrophobicity of microplastics, degrade the crystalline zone of microplastics, and metabolise additives in microplastics. The biodegradation mechanism is also described; microorganisms secreting extracellular oxidases and hydrolases are key factors for degradation. Measuring the changes in molecular weight distribution (MWD) enables better analysis of the biodegradation behaviour of microplastics. Biofilm degradation of microplastics has relatively few applications because of its low efficiency; however, enrichment of microplastics in freshwater environments and wastewater treatment plant tailwater is currently the most effective method for treating microplastics with biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Hong Xiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hao-Qin Xiong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yi-Chuan Fang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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17
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Prior L, Oliveira MSA, Zhiltsova T. Assessment of the Impact of Superficial Contamination and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation on the Properties of Post-Consumer Recycled Polypropylene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1198. [PMID: 36770204 PMCID: PMC9920305 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-use plastics are a matter of convenience in everyday life, with the majority allocated to packaging production. However, it comes with a high environmental price as its mass recycling is challenging due to the heterogeneity of composition, contaminations of different kinds, and degradation caused by service and processing. This study aims to ascertain the impact of removing contaminants from post-consumer recycled polypropylene (rPP) on its degradation and properties by implementing a systematic approach for decontamination by washing. Four lots of recycled plastics with different degrees of contamination were evaluated via Fourier transform infrared, melt flow indexer, and differential scanning calorimetry and tested for tensile strength. Degradation of the rPP was manifested by the deterioration in ductility, resulting in 14.58% elongation at break (unwashed rPP) compared with 191.41% (virgin PP)) and a significant reduction in oxidation induction time. In the unwashed rPP sample, a wave intensity peak at 1730 cm-1, assigned to the saturated C = 0 stretch of the carbonyl functional group, was detected. This peak was gradually disappearing with an increase in the cleaning efficiency of rPP, highlighting the role of contaminants as degradation catalysts. The cold-washing method showed similar processing and mechanical performance improvement results compared with the other washing methods, while being more environmentally friendly and energy efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Prior
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica S. A. Oliveira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- LASI—Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Zhiltsova
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- LASI—Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
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18
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Kadac-Czapska K, Knez E, Gierszewska M, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E, Grembecka M. Microplastics Derived from Food Packaging Waste-Their Origin and Health Risks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:674. [PMID: 36676406 PMCID: PMC9866676 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are commonly used for packaging in the food industry. The most popular thermoplastic materials that have found such applications are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polystyrene (PS). Unfortunately, most plastic packaging is disposable. As a consequence, significant amounts of waste are generated, entering the environment, and undergoing degradation processes. They can occur under the influence of mechanical forces, temperature, light, chemical, and biological factors. These factors can present synergistic or antagonistic effects. As a result of their action, microplastics are formed, which can undergo further fragmentation and decomposition into small-molecule compounds. During the degradation process, various additives used at the plastics' processing stage can also be released. Both microplastics and additives can negatively affect human and animal health. Determination of the negative consequences of microplastics on the environment and health is not possible without knowing the course of degradation processes of packaging waste and their products. In this article, we present the sources of microplastics, the causes and places of their formation, the transport of such particles, the degradation of plastics most often used in the production of packaging for food storage, the factors affecting the said process, and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Kadac-Czapska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Eliza Knez
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gierszewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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19
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Amaneesh C, Anna Balan S, Silpa PS, Kim JW, Greeshma K, Aswathi Mohan A, Robert Antony A, Grossart HP, Kim HS, Ramanan R. Gross Negligence: Impacts of Microplastics and Plastic Leachates on Phytoplankton Community and Ecosystem Dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5-24. [PMID: 36534053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris is an established environmental menace affecting aquatic systems globally. Recently, microplastics (MP) and plastic leachates (PL) have been detected in vital human organs, the vascular system, and in vitro animal studies positing severe health hazards. MP and PL have been found in every conceivable aquatic ecosystem─from open oceans and deep sea floors to supposedly pristine glacier lakes and snow covered mountain catchment sites. Many studies have documented the MP and PL impacts on a variety of aquatic organisms, whereby some exclusively focus on aquatic microorganisms. Yet, the specific MP and PL impacts on primary producers have not been systematically analyzed. Therefore, this review focuses on the threats posed by MP, PL, and associated chemicals on phytoplankton, their comprehensive impacts at organismal, community, and ecosystem scales, and their endogenous amelioration. Studies on MP- and PL-impacted individual phytoplankton species reveal the production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, physical damage of thylakoids, and other physiological and metabolic changes, followed by homo- and heteroaggregations, ultimately eventuating in decreased photosynthesis and primary productivity. Likewise, analyses of the microbial community in the plastisphere show a radically different profile compared to the surrounding planktonic diversity. The plastisphere also enriches multidrug-resistant bacteria, cyanotoxins, and pollutants, accelerating microbial succession, changing the microbiome, and thus, affecting phytoplankton diversity and evolution. These impacts on cellular and community scales manifest in changed ecosystem dynamics with widespread bottom-up and top-down effects on aquatic biodiversity and food web interactions. These adverse effects─through altered nutrient cycling─have "knock-on" impacts on biogeochemical cycles and greenhouse gases. Consequently, these impacts affect provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. Our citation network analyses (CNA) further demonstrate dire effects of MP and PL on all trophic levels, thereby unsettling ecosystem stability and services. CNA points to several emerging nodes indicating combined toxicity of MP, PL, and their associated hazards on phytoplankton. Taken together, our study shows that ecotoxicity of plastic particles and their leachates have placed primary producers and some aquatic ecosystems in peril.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amaneesh
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Shankari Anna Balan
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
- Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - P S Silpa
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kozhumal Greeshma
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - A Aswathi Mohan
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Aiswarya Robert Antony
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam University, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rishiram Ramanan
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Policy Research & Governance, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
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20
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Batasheva S, Akhatova F, Abubakirov N, Fakhrullin R. Probing nanoplastics derived from polypropylene face masks with hyperspectral dark-field microscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158574. [PMID: 36075443 PMCID: PMC9444569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The high worldwide consumption of cheap plastic goods has already resulted in a serious environmental plastic pollution, exacerbated by piling of disposed personal protective equipment because of the recent outbreak of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of dark-field hyperspectral microscopy in the 400-1000 wavelength range for detection of nanoplastics derived from weathered polypropylene masks. A surgical mask was separated to layers and exposed to UV radiation (254 nm) for 192 h. Oxidative degradation of the polypropylene was evidenced by ATR FT-IR analysis. UV treatment for 192 h resulted in generation of differently shaped micro- and nano-sized particles, visualized by dark-field microscopy. The presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by AFM studies. The hyperspectral profiles (400-1000 nm) were collected after every 48 h of the UV treatment. The distinct hyperspectral features faded after prolonged UV exposure, but the assignment of some particles to either blue or white layers of mask could still be made based on spectral characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Batasheva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation.
| | - Farida Akhatova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Nail Abubakirov
- Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation.
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21
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Ahmad Shukri ZN, Che Engku Chik CEN, Hossain S, Othman R, Endut A, Lananan F, Terkula IB, Kamaruzzan AS, Abdul Rahim AI, Draman AS, Kasan NA. A novel study on the effectiveness of bioflocculant-producing bacteria Bacillus enclensis, isolated from biofloc-based system as a biodegrader in microplastic pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136410. [PMID: 36115480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhayra Nasrin Ahmad Shukri
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Che Engku Noramalina Che Engku Chik
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Shahadat Hossain
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Rohisyamuddin Othman
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Azizah Endut
- Faculty of Innovative Design and Technology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Fathurrahman Lananan
- East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Iber Benedict Terkula
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Amyra Suryatie Kamaruzzan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Ideris Abdul Rahim
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Shuhaimi Draman
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Azman Kasan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microplastic Research Interest Group (MRIG), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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22
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Degradation-fragmentation of marine plastic waste and their environmental implications: A critical review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Cui G, Lü F, Hu T, Zhang H, Shao L, He P. Vermicomposting leads to more abundant microplastics in the municipal excess sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136042. [PMID: 35981618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal excess activated sludge is not only an important reservoir of microplastics particles, but is also a vehicle of entry of microplastics into the environments as soil amendments or organic fertilizer. Vermicomposting is a cost-effective technology for sludge valorization. However, it is not clear whether vermicomposting affects the occurrence of microplastics in residual sludge. Here, the variation of microplastics (0.05-5 mm) in sludge, including the abundance, type, size, and morphology, before and after vermicomposting by epigeic earthworms under different temperature conditions (15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C) were investigated by micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). More abundant (over 104 particles ∙kg-1 (dry weight)), and smaller microplastics (over 60% in total with 0.05-0.5 mm) in the treated sludge via earthworms were observed compared to the raw sludge. The increment of vermicomposting temperature was more obvious (p < 0.05) for the enrichment of the microplastics, especially for polyethylene particle. Gizzard grinding and microbial digestion in the gut of earthworms may contribute to the fragment of microplastics. The present study suggests that the sludge-sourced vermicompost is still an important hotspot of microplastics, posing a potential threat to the receiving environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Cui
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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24
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Saygin H, Baysal A. Interaction of nanoplastics with simulated biological fluids and their effect on the biofilm formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80775-80786. [PMID: 35727518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has become clear that the pollution by plastic debris presents global societal, environmental, and human health challenges. Moreover, humans are exposed to plastic particles in daily life and very limited information is available concerning human health, especially interactions with biological fluids. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the interaction of plastic particles with simulated biological fluids (e.g., artificial saliva, artificial lysosomal fluid, phagolysosomal simulant fluid, and Gamble's solution) using various exposure stages (2 h to 80 h) and the effect of plastic particles on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms under simulated biological conditions. The plastic particles incubating various simulated biological fluids were characterized using surface functional groups, zeta potentials, and elemental composition. The results indicated that functional group indices (C-O, C = O, C-H, C = C, C-N, S = O, and OH) decreased compared to the control group during the incubation periods, except for the hydroxyl group index. The FTIR results showed that the hydroxyl group formed with the artificial lysosomal fluid, the phagolysosomal simulant fluid, and Gamble's solution. With the impact of the declining functional groups, the zeta potentials were more negative than in the control. Moreover, EDX results showed the release of the components in the particles with the interaction of simulated biological fluids as well as new components like P and Ca introduced to the particles. The biofilms were formed in the presence of nanoplastic particles under both controlled conditions and simulated biological conditions. The amount of biofilm formation was mainly affected by the surface characteristics under simulated biological conditions. In addition, the biofilm characteristics were influenced by the O/C and N/C ratios of the plastic particles with the impact of simulated biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Saygin
- Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, T. C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Baysal
- Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education, T. C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Mohammadi A, Malakootian M, Dobaradaran S, Hashemi M, Jaafarzadeh N. Occurrence, seasonal distribution, and ecological risk assessment of microplastics and phthalate esters in leachates of a landfill site located near the marine environment: Bushehr port, Iran as a case. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156838. [PMID: 35750192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic wastes are produced in a large amount everywhere, and are commonly disposed in landfills. So landfill leachate seems an obvious source of microplastics (MPs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) due to a huge usage as plastic additives and plasticizers. But this issue still lacks attention and the present study provides the first information on the levels of MPs and PAEs in the fresh landfill leachate of Bushehr port during different seasons. The mean levels of MPs and PAEs in the fresh leachate in all seasons were 79.16 items/L and 3.27 mg/L, respectively. Also, the mean levels of PAEs in MPs were 48.33 μg/g. A statistically significant difference was detected in the levels of MPs and PAEs among different seasons with the highest values in summer and fall. MPs with a size of >1000 μm had the highest abundance in all seasons. The most prominent shape, color, and type of MPs in the leachate were fibers black, and nylon, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most dominant PAEs present in the leachate samples. The results of this study revealed high hazard index (HI) and pollution load index (PLI) of MPs in all seasons. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), DEHP, DBP, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) represented a high risk to the sensitive organisms. The results of this study showed that significant levels of MPs and PAEs may release into the surrounding environment from the landfill sites without sufficient protection. This issue is more critical when the landfill sites in particular are located near the marine environments like the Bushehr landfill that is located near the Persian Gulf, which can lead to serious environmental problems. Thus permanent control and monitor of landfills, especially in the coastal areas are highly needed to prevent further pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Mohammadi
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Malakootian
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Majid Hashemi
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neemat Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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26
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Ni’am AC, Hassan F, Shiu RF, Jiang JJ. Microplastics in Sediments of East Surabaya, Indonesia: Regional Characteristics and Potential Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912348. [PMID: 36231650 PMCID: PMC9566541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics (MPs) in marine environments has become increasingly apparent. Owing to the lack of effective solid waste management, Indonesia is the second largest producer of ocean plastic waste after China. Currently, information about pollution of MPs in the sediments of East Surabaya, Indonesia, is not available, and this issue is addressed in this study for the first time. Sediment samples were collected from 16 sampling sites along urban and mangrove coastal areas. MPs were observed in most of the sampling sites, with abundances ranging from ND (not detected) to 598 items/kg. MP shapes constituted fragments (30%), foam (28%), granules (22%), and fibers (20%). The 500-1000 µm fraction was the dominant size of MPs. Polypropylene was the major polymer constituent, followed by high-density polyethylene and polyethylene. Findings from Spearman's correlation coefficients, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis reveal that the spatial pattern of MPs is closely related to coastal characteristics and population density. MPs in different coastal regions were assessed by the polymer risk index. Results reveal that coastal areas in the Bulak district exhibit the highest risk. Our results confirm the prevalence of MPs as anthropogenic pollutants in East Surabaya and highlight the importance of management action and education on environmental protection for the mitigation of MP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Chusnun Ni’am
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya, Jalan Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60117, Indonesia
| | - Fahir Hassan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE), Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Feng Shiu
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Jie Jiang
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE), Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management (CERM), Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2654903
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27
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Crisafi F, Smedile F, Yakimov MM, Aulenta F, Fazi S, La Cono V, Martinelli A, Di Lisio V, Denaro R. Bacterial biofilms on medical masks disposed in the marine environment: a hotspot of biological and functional diversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155731. [PMID: 35533867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The present paper was aimed at investigating the role of disposable medical masks as a substrate for microbial biofilm growth and for the selection of specific microbial traits in highly impacted marine environments. In this view, we have immerged masks in a coastal area affected by a continuous input of artisanal fishery wastes and hydrocarbons pollution caused by intense maritime traffic. Masks maintained one month in the field were colonized by a bacterial community significantly different from that detected in the natural matrices from the same areas (seawater and sediments). The masks served as a viable substrate for the growth and enrichment of phototrophic microorganisms (Oxyphotobacteria), as well as Ruminococcaceae, Gracilibacteria, and Holophageae. In a follow-up investigation, masks previously colonized in the field were transferred in lab-scale microcosms which were supplemented with hydrocarbons and which contained also a piece of a virgin mask. After one month, a shift in the community composition, likely triggered by hydrocarbons addition, was observed in the previously colonized mask, with signatures characteristic of hydrocarbon-degrading microbial groups. Such hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were also found to colonize the virgin mask. Remarkably, SEM micrographs provided indications of the occurrence of morphological modifications of the surface components of the virgin masks colonized by hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Overall, for the first time, we have demonstrated the potential risk for human and animal health determined by the uncorrected disposal of masks which are suitable substrates for pathogens colonization, permanence and spreading. Moreover, we have herein strengthened the knowledge on the role of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the colonization and modification of fossil-based plastics in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Crisafi
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Spianata San Raineri, 86, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - F Smedile
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Spianata San Raineri, 86, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - M M Yakimov
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Spianata San Raineri, 86, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - F Aulenta
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria km 29, 300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - S Fazi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria km 29, 300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - V La Cono
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Spianata San Raineri, 86, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - A Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - V Di Lisio
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - R Denaro
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria km 29, 300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Liu B, Jiang Q, Qiu Z, Liu L, Wei R, Zhang X, Xu H. Process analysis of microplastic degradation using activated PMS and Fenton reagents. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134220. [PMID: 35301993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environmental degradation and physical aging of microplastics (MP) caused by oxidative stress have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we used different oxidative agents (Fe2+-activated peroxymonosulfate and Fenton reagents) that can form free radicals to study the degradation mechanisms of nylon 6 (PA6) and polystyrene (PS) MPs. After 4 cycles of treatment, mass losses of 25.6% and 22.1% were obtained with PA6 and PS MPs, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to confirm the MP oxidation, and polymer chain scissions. FTIR data indicated the existence of oxygen-containing chemical groups resulting from MPs oxidation, and chain scissions, such as CO, C-O, and O-CO. Raman spectroscopy suggested the presence of exposed aromatic groups, and weakening of the relative intensity of C-H related to the oxidation, and chain scission of the MPs. SEM imaging revealed visible morphological changes on the surface of MPs as a result of degradation. XPS indicated that the O/C ratio could be used as an indicator for the degree of MPs oxidation. By analyzing the degradation products with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, low-molecular-weight alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids derived from the derivatization of alcohols, were detected. These findings confirmed the advantage of using multiple analytic methods in tandem to evaluate the degradation of environmental MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Mathematics & Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qixuan Jiang
- College of Mathematics & Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zenghui Qiu
- College of Mathematics & Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Luo Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ren Wei
- Junior Research Group Plastic Biodegradation, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Mathematics & Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haijun Xu
- College of Mathematics & Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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29
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Fungal Enzymes Involved in Plastics Biodegradation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061180. [PMID: 35744698 PMCID: PMC9230134 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a growing environmental problem, in part due to the extremely stable and durable nature of this polymer. As recycling does not provide a complete solution, research has been focusing on alternative ways of degrading plastic. Fungi provide a wide array of enzymes specialized in the degradation of recalcitrant substances and are very promising candidates in the field of plastic degradation. This review examines the present literature for different fungal enzymes involved in plastic degradation, describing their characteristics, efficacy and biotechnological applications. Fungal laccases and peroxidases, generally used by fungi to degrade lignin, show good results in degrading polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), while esterases such as cutinases and lipases were successfully used to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PUR). Good results were also obtained on PUR by fungal proteases and ureases. All these enzymes were isolated from many different fungi, from both Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, and have shown remarkable efficiency in plastic biodegradation under laboratory conditions. Therefore, future research should focus on the interactions between the genes, proteins, metabolites and environmental conditions involved in the processes. Further steps such as the improvement in catalytic efficiency and genetic engineering could lead these enzymes to become biotechnological applications in the field of plastic degradation.
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Drobota M, Ursache S, Aflori M. Surface Functionalities of Polymers for Biomaterial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122307. [PMID: 35745883 PMCID: PMC9229900 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes of a material biointerface allow for specialized cell signaling and diverse biological responses. Biomaterials incorporating immobilized bioactive ligands have been widely introduced and used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications in order to develop biomaterials with improved functionality. Furthermore, a variety of physical and chemical techniques have been utilized to improve biomaterial functionality, particularly at the material interface. At the interface level, the interactions between materials and cells are described. The importance of surface features in cell function is then examined, with new strategies for surface modification being highlighted in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioara Drobota
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Stefan Ursache
- Innovative Green Power, No. 5 Iancu Bacalu Street, 700029 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Magdalena Aflori
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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31
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Madhumitha CT, Karmegam N, Biruntha M, Arun A, Al Kheraif AA, Kim W, Kumar P. Extraction, identification, and environmental risk assessment of microplastics in commercial toothpaste. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133976. [PMID: 35176298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in personal care and food products are given much importance globally due to the adverse impact of microplastics on living beings. In the present study, microplastics from ten different commercially sold toothpaste in India were extracted by vacuum filtration and characterized with microscopic and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analyses. Results revealed that colorless fragments and fibers were the microparticle types of common occurrence which ranged from 0.2 to 0.9% weight in the toothpaste with an abundance range of 32.7-83.2%. Fifty percent of the toothpaste samples showed more than 50% microplastic particle abundance indicating that the microplastic plastic particles were added by the manufacturers. The minimum size of microplastics recorded in the present study was 3.5 μm with a maximum size exceeding 400 μm. The maximum number of microplastics in the toothpaste was 167, 508 and 193 respectively, distributed in the size range of <100 μm, 100-400 μm, and >400 μm. The present study recorded four major polymer types, viz., cellophane, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyamide in the toothpaste samples. Surprisingly, polyethylene-a common polymer reported in toothpaste was not traced in the present samples. Regarding the Indian context, the current study is a new addition to the knowledge of the occurrence of microplastics in toothpaste. The average annual addition of microplastics into the environment through toothpaste was calculated as 1.4 billion g/year for India, posing a significant threat to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidhambaram T Madhumitha
- Toxicogenomics and Systems Toxicology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muniyandi Biruntha
- Vermitechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alagarsamy Arun
- Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdulaziz A Al Kheraif
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Toxicogenomics and Systems Toxicology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Jin T, Tang J, Lyu H, Wang L, Gillmore AB, Schaeffer SM. Activities of Microplastics (MPs) in Agricultural Soil: A Review of MPs Pollution from the Perspective of Agricultural Ecosystems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4182-4201. [PMID: 35380817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging persistent pollutants which have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Although microplastics have been widely detected in aquatic environments, their presence in soil ecosystems remains largely unexplored. Plastic debris accumulates in farmland, causing serious environmental problems, which may directly affect food substances or indirectly affect the members in each trophic level of the food chain. This review summarizes the origins, migration, and fate of microplastics in agricultural soils and discusses the interaction between microplastics and the components in farmland from the perspectives of toxicology and accumulation and deduces impacts on ecosystems by linking the organismal response to an ecological role. The effects on farmland ecosystem function are also discussed, emphasizing the supply of agricultural products, food chain pathways, carbon deposition, and nitrogen cycling and soil and water conservation, as microplastic pollution will affect agricultural ecosystems for a long period, posing an ecological risk. Finally, several directions for future research are proposed, which is important for reducing the effect of microplastics in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Alexis B Gillmore
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 2506 East J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sean M Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 2506 East J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Ahmad HA, Ahmad S, Cui Q, Wang Z, Wei H, Chen X, Ni SQ, Ismail S, Awad HM, Tawfik A. The environmental distribution and removal of emerging pollutants, highlighting the importance of using microbes as a potential degrader: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151926. [PMID: 34838908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants (EPs) create a worldwide concern owing to their low concentration and severe toxicity to the receptors. The prominent emerging pollutants categories as pharmaceutical and personal care product, plasticizer, surfactants, and persistent organic pollutants. Typically, EPs are widely disseminated in the aquatic ecosystem and capable of perturbing the physiology of water bodies as well as humans. The primary sources of EPs in the environment include anthropogenic release, atmospheric deposition, untreated or substandard treated wastewater, and extreme weather events. Intensive research has been done covering the environmental distribution, ecological disturbance, fate, and removal of EPs in the past decades. However, a systematic review on the distribution of EPs in the engineered and natural aquatic environment and the degradation of different EPs by using anaerobic sludge, aerobic bacteria, and isolated strains are limited. This review article aims to highlight the importance, application, and future perceptions of using different microbes to degrade EPs. Overall, this review article illustrates the superiority of using non-cultivable and cultivable microbes to degrade the EPs as an eco-friendly approach. Practically, the outcomes of this review paper will build up the knowledge base solutions to remove EPs from the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Adeel Ahmad
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Qingjie Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Environmental Protection, Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Ltd. (SDEPCI), Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Haiwei Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China.
| | - Sherif Ismail
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; Environmental Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanem M Awad
- National Research Centre, Tanning Materials & Proteins Department, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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A Review of Nonbiodegradable and Biodegradable Composites for Food Packaging Application. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7670819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dependency on nonbiodegradable-based food packaging, increase in population growth, and persistent environmental problems are some of the driving forces in considering the development of biodegradable food packaging. This effort of green packaging has the potential to solve issues on plastic wastes through the combination of biodegradable composite-based food packaging with plant extracts, nanomaterials, or other types of polymer. Modified biodegradable materials have provided numerous alternatives for producing green packaging with mechanical strength, thermal stability, and barrier performance that are comparable to the conventional food packaging. To the best of our knowledge, the performance of nonbiodegradable and biodegradable composites as food packaging in terms of the above properties has not yet been reviewed. In this context, the capability of biodegradable polymers to substitute the nonbiodegradable polymers was emphasized to enhance the packaging biodegradation while retaining the mechanical strength, thermal stability, barrier properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial or antibacterial activity. These are the ultimate goal in the food industry. This review will impart useful information on the properties of food packaging developed from different polymers and future outlook toward the development of green food packaging.
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Liu L, Xu M, Ye Y, Zhang B. On the degradation of (micro)plastics: Degradation methods, influencing factors, environmental impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151312. [PMID: 34743885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastics and microplastics are difficult to degrade in the natural environment due to their hydrophobicity, the presence of stable covalent bonds and functional groups that are not susceptible to attack. In nature, microplastics are more likely to attract other substances due to their large specific surface area, which further prevents degradation from occurring. Some of these substances are toxic and harmful, and can be spread to various organisms through the food chain along with the microplastics to cause harm to them. Degradation is an effective way to eliminate plastic pollution, and a comprehensive understanding of the methods and mechanisms of plastic degradation is necessary, because it is the result of synergistic effects of several degradation methods, both in nature and in consideration of future engineering applications. The authors firstly summarize the degradation methods of (micro)plastics; secondly, review the influence of intrinsic properties and environmental factors during the degradation process; finally, discuss the environmental impact of the degradation products of (micro)plastics. It is evident that the degradation of (micro)plastics still has many challenges to overcome, and there are no mature and effective methods that can be applied in engineering practice or widely used in nature. Therefore, there is an urgent need for research on the degradation of (micro)plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Mingjie Xu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Yuheng Ye
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China; School of Food and Biotechnology of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China.
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Dalui A, Banerjee S, Roy R. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice about biomedical waste management among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in a health district of West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 2022; 65:345-351. [PMID: 34975076 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_2103_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efforts to combat Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have significantly increased the quantity of bio-medical waste (BMW) generation. Objectives A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the knowledge, practice, and attitude and factors affecting knowledge on BMW management among Health Care Workers (HCWs) when taking care of patients with COVID-19. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 HCWs, actively involved in caring of COVID-19 patients in Healthcare settings of North 24 Parganas Health District, West Bengal. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire (through Google Forms) and an observational checklist after selection criteria and having consent. The Questionnaire included four sections like the sociodemographic information, knowledge related to BMW management, observational questionnaire assessing the practice of HCWs on BMW management and rating scale related to attitudes towards BMW management. Results 166 HCWs (43.2%) had an excellent knowledge with overall mean score 13.5 ± 3.6. A high mean score (14.4 ± 3.2) was obtained by doctors followed by nurses (13.6 ± 3.8). Regarding practice, the majority of HCWs (52.8%) followed the color-coding of BMW and 49.5% followed policies in separating the wastes according to hazard. Doctors (91%) and nurses (81%) had more favorable attitude than others. There was a statistically significant association found among knowledge level and educational qualification (P = 0.0001), gender (P = 0.001), and work experience (P = 0.05) and work area (P = 0.05). Conclusion Emphasis should be given to aware and train all HCWs regarding proper BMW management during this pandemic to prevent infection transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dalui
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Sitikantha Banerjee
- Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, AIIMS, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramaprasad Roy
- Principal and Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Arambagh Government Medical College, Arambagh, West Bengal, India
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Zainuddin AH, Aris AZ, Zaki MRM, Yusoff FM, Wee SY. Occurrence, potential sources and ecological risk estimation of microplastic towards coastal and estuarine zones in Malaysia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113282. [PMID: 34995888 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extensive global plastic production has led to microplastic (MP) pollution of marine ecosystems. This study analysed the abundance of MPs in the surface water of tropical coastal and estuarine zones in Malaysia affected by rapid urbanisation and intense human activity. It also estimated the risk posed by MPs to the marine environment. Mean MP abundance ranged from 2.10 to 6.80 particles/L. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis found that the MP polymers were dominated by cellophane (54%), followed by polyester (33%) and polyethylene (2%). The risk posed by MPs was estimated with the risk quotient (RQ) method which found no potential ecological risk to both coastal and estuarine areas (RQ < 1). This study will serve as a baseline for future monitoring of MP pollution of marine water to assess the impact of heavily urbanised coastal and estuarine zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Haziq Zainuddin
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Rozaimi Mohd Zaki
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Impact of Enzymatic Degradation on the Material Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223885. [PMID: 34833184 PMCID: PMC8620022 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With macroscopic litter and its degradation into secondary microplastic as a major source of environmental pollution, one key challenge is understanding the pathways from macro- to microplastic by abiotic and biotic environmental impact. So far, little is known about the impact of biota on material properties. This study focuses on recycled, bottle-grade poly(ethylene terephthalate) (r-PET) and the degrading enzyme PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis. Compact tension (CT) specimens were incubated in an enzymatic solution and thermally and mechanically characterized. A time-dependent study up to 96 h revealed the formation of steadily growing colloidal structures. After 96 h incubation, high amounts of BHET dimer were found in a near-surface layer, affecting crack propagation and leading to faster material failure. The results of this pilot study show that enzymatic activity accelerates embrittlement and favors fragmentation. We conclude that PET-degrading enzymes must be viewed as a potentially relevant acceleration factor in macroplastic degradation.
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Curren E, Kuwahara VS, Yoshida T, Leong SCY. Marine microplastics in the ASEAN region: A review of the current state of knowledge. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117776. [PMID: 34280748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is a prevalent and serious problem in marine environments. These particles have a detrimental impact on marine ecosystems. They are harmful to marine organisms and are known to be a habitat for toxic microorganisms. Marine microplastics have been identified in beach sand, the seafloor and also in marine biota. Although research investigating the presence of microplastics in various marine environments have increased across the years, studies in Southeast Asia are still relatively limited. In this paper, 36 studies on marine microplastic pollution in Southeast Asia were reviewed and discussed, focusing on microplastics in beach and benthic sediments, seawater and marine organisms. These studies have shown that the presence of fishing harbours, aquaculture farms, and tourism result in an increased abundance of microplastics. The illegal and improper disposal of waste from village settlements and factories also contribute to the high abundance of microplastics observed. Hence, it is crucial to identify the hotspots of microplastic pollution, for assessment and mitigation purposes. Future studies should aim to standardize protocols and quantification, to allow for better quantification and assessment of the levels of microplastic contamination for monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Curren
- St. John Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI), National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227, Singapore.
| | - Victor S Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan
| | - Teruaki Yoshida
- Unit for Harmful Algal Bloom Studies, Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI), National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227, Singapore
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Adyasari D, Pratama MA, Teguh NA, Sabdaningsih A, Kusumaningtyas MA, Dimova N. Anthropogenic impact on Indonesian coastal water and ecosystems: Current status and future opportunities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112689. [PMID: 34256325 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic country and the fourth most populated nation, has struggled with coastal water pollution in the last decades. With the increasing population in coastal urban cities, more land-based pollutants are transported to the coastal water and adversely affected the tropical ecosystems. This paper provides an overview of anthropogenic pollutant studies in Indonesian coastal water and ecosystems from 1986 to 2021. Nutrients, heavy metals, organic pollutants, and plastic debris are the most-studied contaminants. We found that 82%, 54% and 50% of the studies exceeding nutrients, heavy metals, and organic pollutants standard limit, respectively; thus, indicating poor water quality status in part of Indonesian coastal water. The coral reef ecosystems is found to be the most sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. The potential effect of climate change, new coastal pollution hotspots in eastern Indonesia, marine anthropogenic sources, legacy/emerging pollutants, and the need for research related to the biological contamination, are discussed for future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Adyasari
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA.
| | | | - Novi Andriany Teguh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Aninditia Sabdaningsih
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; Tropical Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | | | - Natasha Dimova
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA
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Akarsu C, Madenli Ö, Deveci EÜ. Characterization of littered face masks in the southeastern part of Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47517-47527. [PMID: 33895953 PMCID: PMC8068461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A possible source of microplastics has started to be released into nature because of the single-use face masks that protect us against the spread of COVID-19 and are being thrown onto the streets and into seas and nature. This study aims to estimate the amount of face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, thereby expressing our concerns about waste management and plastic pollution and calling on appropriate solid waste management policies and governments to take the necessary measures to formulate their strategies at all levels. In this context, the number of masks in an area of 1 km2 in 3 different cities was determined theoretically and experimentally. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were also used to evaluate plastic polymer characteristics of the single-use face mask. It was determined that the three cities produce roughly 10 tons of face masks in a day. With the increasing use of single-use plastics, the impact of face masks on microplastic pollution is of great concern. Although studies on the recovery of disposable masks continue, the level is insufficient. Therefore, studies to be carried out on technologies that will enable the repeated use of masks are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Akarsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Özgecan Madenli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ece Ümmü Deveci
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
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Hadiyanto H, Khoironi A, Dianratri I, Suherman S, Muhammad F, Vaidyanathan S. Interactions between polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics and Spirulina sp. microalgae in aquatic systems. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07676. [PMID: 34401570 PMCID: PMC8350543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microplastics on Spirulina sp., the pigment phycocyanin in Spirulina sp., and the effect of Spirulina sp. on the degradation of PE and PP plastic. The interaction of Spirulina sp. with microplstic (PE and PP) was conducted by adding the microplastic (500 mg/500 mL, with a size of 0.5–1 mm2) to microalgae culture. The optical density was measured for 30 days to determine the growth of Spirulina sp. Harvesting was performed to obtain dry Spirulina sp biomass. Phycocyanin was obtained through extraction by mixing 0.1 g dry Spirulina sp. biomass with 25 ml of 1% CaCl2 in an ultrasonic water bath at 50 kHz, 300 W at 30 °C for 15 min. The results showed that the growth rate of Spirulina sp significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with treatment of PE (SP + PE) (0.0228/day) and PP (Sp + PP) (0.0221/day), compared to the control (Sp-Control) (0.0312/day). Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of Spirulina sp. biomass with the addition of PE and PP revealed surface damage of Spirulina sp. cells and loss of carboxyl groups from proteins in Spirulina sp. at wavelengths of 1397–1450 cm−1. In addition, Spirulina sp. had decreased the intensity of amine and amide groups from proteins at wavelengths of 3280, 1637, and 1537 cm−1 in the microplastic treatment. The phycocyanin yield and protein content in Spirulina sp. control were 19.69% and 0.147%, respectively, which decreased by 10.7% and 0.121%, respectively, with PE treatment and by 8.7% and 0.108%, respectively, with PP treatment. Moreover, the investigation of PE and PP treated by Spirulina sp showed more significant changes of functional group indicated by the formation of hydroxyl (3286 cm−1), carbonyl (1700 cm−1), ester (1750 cm−1) and primary alcohol (1085 cm−1). The results of the EDX microplastic analysis showed a decrease in carbon in PE (1.62%) and PP (1.08%). These FTIR and EDX analysis also proved that microplastic has experienced degradation when treated by Spirulina sp cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Hadiyanto
- Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE), Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
- School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Adian Khoironi
- Study Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Inggar Dianratri
- Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE), Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Suherman Suherman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Fuad Muhammad
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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Jalal SM, Akhter F, Abdelhafez AI, Alrajeh AM. Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Attitude about Biomedical Waste Management among Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19 Crises in Al-Ahsa. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060747. [PMID: 34207056 PMCID: PMC8235679 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical waste (BMW) management is an essential practice of healthcare professionals (HCPs) for preventing health and also environmental hazards. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, posing significant challenges for healthcare sectors. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the knowledge, practice, and attitude on BMW management among HCPs when taking care of patients with COVID-19 and associated with demographic variables. From Al-Ahsa healthcare sectors, 256 HCPs were selected randomly, of which 105 (41%) had excellent knowledge, 87 (34%) had good knowledge, and 64 (25%) had poor knowledge with a mean score of 13.1 ± 3.6. A higher mean score was (14.4 ± 3.2) obtained by physicians, and (13.6 ± 3.8) nurses than the other HCPs. Regarding practice, 72 (28.1%) HCPs used and discarded PPE while handling biomedical wastes. Additionally, 88 (34.4%) followed proper hand hygiene before and after each procedure and whenever needed. Physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists had a more favorable attitude than other HCPs. There was a statistically significant association found among knowledge level and educational qualification (p < 0.0001), gender (p < 0.001), and work experience (p < 0.05). Emphasis is needed to train all HCPs regarding proper BMW management during this pandemic to prevent infection transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahbanathul Missiriya Jalal
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.I.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5640-7097-3
| | - Fahima Akhter
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Amal Ismael Abdelhafez
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Ahmed Mansour Alrajeh
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Wu RT, Cai YF, Chen YX, Yang YW, Xing SC, Liao XD. Occurrence of microplastic in livestock and poultry manure in South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116790. [PMID: 33667747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) contamination in soil has attracted much attention, and increasing evidence suggests that MPs can accumulate in agricultural soils through fertilization by compost. In addition, the most common raw materials for composting are livestock and poultry manure wastes. Because the presence of MPs may threaten the safe utilization of fertilizers composted by livestock and poultry wastes during crop planting, it is necessary to understand the contamination risk of MPs present in livestock and poultry manure. In this study, the distribution of MPs in 19 livestock and poultry farms with 3 different species was investigated by using FTIR microscopy. A total of 115 items manure MPs and 18 items feed MPs were identified as PP and PE types dominated by colorful fragments and fibers. Furthermore, after comparing the compositions of plastic products used in the feeding process, we proposed two transport pathways for MP pollution in manure and one potential transport pathway in feeds. Our result proved that the application of swine and poultry manure directly could be a new route of MPs in agricultural soil, furthermore, the presence of MPs could threaten the safety of resource utilization in agricultural soil by using swine and poultry manure for manure potentially. Not, only that, our study also provided a reference for the remediation of MP-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ting Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China.
| | - Ying-Feng Cai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China.
| | - Ying-Xi Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China.
| | - Yi-Wen Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China.
| | - Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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Sable S, Ahuja S, Bhunia H. Biodegradation kinetic modeling of pro-oxidant filled polypropylene composites under thermophilic composting conditions after abiotic treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21231-21244. [PMID: 33415629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aims at modeling and characterizing the kinetics of biodegradation of polypropylene loaded with cobalt stearate as pro-oxidant after abiotic treatment. Eight films of these composites were prepared using different pro-oxidant loadings. These films were treated abiotically using accelerated weathering for 40 h, and biotically using aerobic composting as per ASTM D 5338. The experimental data were analyzed using an eight-parameter Komilis model containing a flat lag phase. The model formulations involved hydrolysis of primary solid carbon and its subsequent mineralization. The first step was rate controlling and it included hydrolysis of slowly (Cs), moderately (Cm), and readily (Cr) hydrolyzable carbon fractions in parallel. The model parameters were evaluated by means of nonlinear regression technique. The surface morphology of the films before and after the biodegradability test supported the biodegradation results. The model parameters and undegraded/hydrolyzable/mineralizable carbon evolutions involved moderately and readily hydrolyzable carbons but with the absence of slowly hydrolyzable carbon. These exhibit degradability in the range of 11.20-36.42% in 45 days. Biodegradability increases with progressive increase in pro-oxidant loading. The rate of degradation reaches maximum (0.322-0.897% per day) at around the 39th-12th day. For all the films, readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions and their hydrolysis rate constants (kr) are appreciably increased with increasing pro-oxidant loading. All the films show the presence of growth phase because of their high initial readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions. The SEM images after the abiotic and subsequently biotic treatments were progressively rougher. The methods presented here can be used for the design and control of other similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Sable
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Ahuja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Haripada Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, Punjab, India
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46
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Shammi M, Behal A, Tareq SM. The Escalating Biomedical Waste Management To Control the Environmental Transmission of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perspective from Two South Asian Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4087-4093. [PMID: 33434001 PMCID: PMC7839416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic COVID-19 culminated in escalating biomedical waste (BMW) worldwide, and the management authorities are struggling with waste treatment. Bangladesh and India are two densely populated South Asian developing countries with limited resources. Both countries face mass community transmission of the disease, with India facing severe infections and deaths. Predictably, a large population might sum up to a large amount of COVID-19-related BMW. There is also the question of capacity, whether the existing BMW policies and regulations of the regions can manage the BMW strategically driven by the pressure of the pandemic. Here, we have shown a framework leading to further environmental and community transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic if the BMW generated at healthcare facilities and homes is not appropriately managed. The BMW, such as safety suits or personal protective equipment (PPE), masks, gloves, and shields, would likely damage the environment in the long run by creating microplastic pollution. Modification and modernization of the existing policies, plans, and guidelines on the proper management of the hospital and household infectious waste is suggested. Moreover, occupational health and safety assessments for waste management workers at the hospitals are recommended. Installing suitable capacity incinerators and related infrastructures are recommended for appropriate waste management. In the absence of incinerators, the existing industrial furnaces, cement kilns, and mobile incinerators can be used with a rapid impact assessment adhering to the appropriate implementations of the policies and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashura Shammi
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory,
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University,
Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Arvind Behal
- Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD
College, Sector 32-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Shafi M Tareq
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory,
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University,
Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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47
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Zhang K, Hamidian AH, Tubić A, Zhang Y, Fang JKH, Wu C, Lam PKS. Understanding plastic degradation and microplastic formation in the environment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116554. [PMID: 33529891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste are introduced into the environment inevitably and their exposure in the environment causes deterioration in mechanical and physicochemical properties and leads to the formation of plastic fragments, which are considered as microplastics when their size is < 5 mm. In recent years, microplastic pollution has been reported in all kinds of environments worldwide and is considered a potential threat to the health of ecosystems and humans. However, knowledge on the environmental degradation of plastics and the formation of microplastics is still limited. In this review, potential hotspots for the accumulation of plastic waste were identified, major mechanisms and characterization methods of plastic degradation were summarized, and studies on the environmental degradation of plastics were evaluated. Future research works should further identify the key environmental parameters and properties of plastics affecting the degradation in order to predict the fate of plastics in different environments and facilitate the development of technologies for reducing plastic pollution. Formation and degradation of microplastics, including nanoplastics, should receive more research attention to assess their fate and ecological risks in the environment more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amir Hossein Hamidian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77878, Iran; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Aleksandra Tubić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - James K H Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wu RT, Cai YF, Xing SC, Yang YW, Mi JD, Liao XD. A novel method for extraction of polypropylene microplastics in swine manure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13021-13030. [PMID: 33095895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the development of modern industry and agriculture, plentiful microplastics (MPs) were produced as a result of the abuse of plastic. The widespread presence of MPs in soils has caused coastal ecological environment pollution. Previous research has shown that fertilizer is one pathway for the entry of MPs into agricultural soils. Meanwhile, livestock manure is a major fertilizer for crops, and the application of livestock manure compost creates a potential pathway for MPs to enter soils. Thus, MPs may exist in livestock manure from the process of livestock breeding and ultimately contaminate agricultural soils. Based on the increasing attention to MP pollution, manure-born MPs will attract more interest in the future. Thus, the present study compares the extraction effects of centrifugation with fractional distillation, and an improved method is introduced to extract polypropylene (PP) from different types of swine manure. The numbers of particles and fibers were determined using a camera (MS60) connected to a stereomicroscope (Mshot MZ62), and the results showed that the recovery rate of plastic particles in swine manure based on different added numbers ranged from 71.43% ± 8.36 to 96.67% ± 3.33 with the centrifugation method, and only 31.11% ± 10.56 to 43.33% ± 12.56 using fractional distilling. The recovery rate for fibers was generally higher than for particles, especially using centrifugation, and ranged from 95.67% ± 1.58 to 100% ± 0, while the rate of fiber recovery using fractional distillation ranged from 39.44% ± 10.66 to 39.44 ± 10.66. The results of recovery rates using the two methods show that the effect of extraction by centrifugation is superior to the method of fractional distillation, with a recovery rate of approximately 100% for fibers and 90% for particles. The recovery number of microplastics evaluated with a line regression model was acceptable. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ting Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Feng Cai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Wen Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Dui Mi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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49
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Hadiyanto H, Haris A, Muhammad F, Afiati N, Khoironi A. Interaction between Styrofoam and Microalgae Spirulina platensis in Brackish Water System. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9030043. [PMID: 33652846 PMCID: PMC7996949 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Styrofoam is a thermoplastic with special characteristics; it is an efficient insulator, is extremely lightweight, absorbs trauma, is bacteria resistant, and is an ideal packaging material, compared to other thermoplastics. The aim of this study was to analyze the interaction between Styrofoam and S. platensis. The study examined the growth of S. platensis under Styrofoam stress, changes in Styrofoam functional groups, and their interactions. The research method was culture carried out in brackish water (12 mg/L salinity) for 30 days. S. platensis yields were tested by FTIR and SEM-EDX and Styrofoam samples by FTIR. The results showed the highest growth rate of S. platensis in cultures treated with 150 mg Styrofoam that is 0.0401 day−1. FTIR analysis shows that there has been a change in the functional group on Styrofoam. At a wavelength of 3400–3200 cm−1 corresponds to the alcohol group and there was an open cyclic chain shown by the appearance of a wavelength at 1680–1600 cm−1 assignment to alkene. SEM-EDX test results show that Styrofoam can be a resource of nutrition, especially carbon for S. platensis to photosynthesize. Increased carbon content of 24.56% occurred in culture, meanwhile, Styrofoam is able to damage S. platensis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
- Departments of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; (A.H.); (F.M.)
- Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50271, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Amnan Haris
- Departments of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; (A.H.); (F.M.)
| | - Fuad Muhammad
- Departments of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; (A.H.); (F.M.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematic, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50271, Indonesia
| | - Norma Afiati
- Fisheries Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50271, Indonesia;
| | - Adian Khoironi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang 50131, Indonesia;
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50
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Study of the Ultraviolet Effect and Thermal Analysis on Polypropylene Nonwoven Geotextile. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051080. [PMID: 33652585 PMCID: PMC7956639 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymeric materials such as geosynthetics in infrastructure works has been increasing over the last decades, as they bring down costs and provide long-term benefits. However, the aging of polymers raises the question of its long-term durability and for this reason researchers have been studying a sort of techniques to search for the required renewal time. This paper examined a commercial polypropylene (PP) nonwoven geotextile before and after 500 h and 1000 h exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light by performing laboratory accelerated ultraviolet-aging tests. The state of the polymeric material after UV exposure was studied through a wide set of tests, including mechanical and physical tests and thermoanalytical tests and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The calorimetric evaluations (DSC) showed distinct behaviors in sample melting points, attributed to the UV radiation effect on the aged samples. Furthermore, after exposure, the samples presented low thermal stability in the thermomechanical analysis (TMA), with a continuing decrease in their thicknesses. The tensile tests showed an increase in material stiffness after exposition. This study demonstrates that UV aging has effects on the properties of the polypropylene polymer.
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