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AbuJabal R, Ramakrishnan RK, Bajbouj K, Hamid Q. Role of IL-5 in asthma and airway remodelling. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:538-549. [PMID: 38938056 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a common and burdensome chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects both children and adults. One of the main concerns with asthma is the manifestation of irreversible tissue remodelling of the airways due to the chronic inflammatory environment that eventually disrupts the whole structure of the airways. Most people with troublesome asthma are treated with inhaled corticosteroids. However, the development of steroid resistance is a commonly encountered issue, necessitating other treatment options for these patients. Biological therapies are a promising therapeutic approach for people with steroid-resistant asthma. Interleukin 5 is recently gaining a lot of attention as a biological target relevant to the tissue remodelling process. Since IL-5-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mepolizumab, reslizumab and benralizumab) are currently available for clinical use, this review aims to revisit the role of IL-5 in asthma pathogenesis at large and airway remodelling in particular, in addition to exploring its role as a target for biological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola AbuJabal
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rakhee K Ramakrishnan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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2
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Chen L, Lin H, Qin L, Zhang G, Huang D, Chen P, Zhang X. Identification and validation of mutual hub genes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis-associated usual interstitial pneumonia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28088. [PMID: 38571583 PMCID: PMC10987927 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aims at exploring common hub genes and pathways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and rheumatoid arthritis-associated usual interstitial pneumonia (RA-UIP) through integrated bioinformatics analyses. Methods The GSE199152 dataset containing lung tissue samples from IPF and RA-UIP patients was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The identification of overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IPF and RA-UIP was carried out through R language. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and module analysis were applied to filter mutual hub genes in the two diseases. Enrichment analyses were also conducted to analyze the possible biological functions and pathways of the overlapped DEGs and hub genes. The diagnostic value of key genes was assessed with R language, and the expressions of these genes in pulmonary cells of IPF and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) patients were analyzed with single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. The expression levels of hub genes were validated in blood samples from patients, specimens of human lung fibroblasts, lung tissue samples from mice, as well as external GEO datasets. Results Four common hub genes (THBS2, TIMP1, POSTN, and CD19) were screened. Enrichment analyses showed that the abnormal expressions of DEGs and hub genes may be connected with the onset of IPF and RA-UIP by regulating the progression of fibrosis. ScRNA-seq analyses illustrated that for both IPF and RA-ILD patients, THBS2, TIMP1, and POSTN were mainly expressed in lung fibroblasts, while CD19 was uniquely high-expressed in B cells. The qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results verified that the expression levels of hub genes were mostly in accordance with the findings obtained from the bioinformatics analyses. Conclusion Though IPF and RA-UIP are distinct diseases, they may to some extent have mutual pathogenesis in the development of fibrosis. THBS2, TIMP1, POSTN, and CD19 may be the potential biomarkers of IPF and RA-UIP, and intervention on related pathways of these genes could offer new strategies for the precision treatment of IPF and RA-UIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haobo Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linmang Qin
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Peisheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Drake LY, Wicher SA, Roos BB, Khalfaoui L, Nesbitt L, Fang YH, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Functional role of glial-derived neurotrophic factor in a mixed allergen murine model of asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L19-L28. [PMID: 37987758 PMCID: PMC11279745 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00099.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression is upregulated in asthmatic human lungs, and GDNF regulates calcium responses through its receptor GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) and RET receptor in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that airway GDNF contributes to airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and remodeling using a mixed allergen mouse model. Adult C57BL/6J mice were intranasally exposed to mixed allergens (ovalbumin, Aspergillus, Alternaria, house dust mite) over 4 wk with concurrent exposure to recombinant GDNF, or extracellular GDNF chelator GFRα1-Fc. Airway resistance and compliance to methacholine were assessed using FlexiVent. Lung expression of GDNF, GFRα1, RET, collagen, and fibronectin was examined by RT-PCR and histology staining. Allergen exposure increased GDNF expression in bronchial airways including ASM and epithelium. Laser capture microdissection of the ASM layer showed increased mRNA for GDNF, GFRα1, and RET in allergen-treated mice. Allergen exposure increased protein expression of GDNF and RET, but not GFRα1, in ASM. Intranasal administration of GDNF enhanced baseline responses to methacholine but did not consistently potentiate allergen effects. GDNF also induced airway thickening, and collagen deposition in bronchial airways. Chelation of GDNF by GFRα1-Fc attenuated allergen-induced AHR and particularly remodeling. These data suggest that locally produced GDNF, potentially derived from epithelium and/or ASM, contributes to AHR and remodeling relevant to asthma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Local production of growth factors within the airway with autocrine/paracrine effects can promote features of asthma. Here, we show that glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a procontractile and proremodeling factor that contributes to allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and tissue remodeling in a mouse model of asthma. Blocking GDNF signaling attenuates allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and remodeling, suggesting a novel approach to alleviating structural and functional changes in the asthmatic airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Y. Drake
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Sarah A. Wicher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Latifa Khalfaoui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Lisa Nesbitt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Yun Hua Fang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Jafarzadeh A, Chauhan P, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S, Yoshimura A. Aberrant expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) molecules contributes to the development of allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:1147-1161. [PMID: 37641429 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins bind to certain cytokine receptors, Janus kinases and signalling molecules to regulate signalling pathways, thus controlling immune and inflammatory responses. Dysregulated expression of various types of SOCS molecules was indicated in multiple types of allergic diseases. SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, SOCS5, and cytokine-inducible SH2 domain protein (CISH) can differentially exert anti-allergic impacts through different mechanisms, such as suppressing Th2 cell development and activation, reducing eosinophilia, decreasing IgE production, repressing production of pro-allergic chemokines, promoting Treg cell differentiation and activation, suppressing Th17 cell differentiation and activation, increasing anti-allergic Th1 responses, inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization, modulating survival and development of mast cells, reducing pro-allergic activity of keratinocytes, and suppressing pulmonary fibrosis. Although some anti-allergic effects were attributed to SOCS3, it can perform pro-allergic impacts through several pathways, such as promoting Th2 cell development and activation, supporting eosinophilia, boosting pro-allergic activity of eosinophils, increasing IgE production, enhancing the expression of the pro-allergic chemokine receptor, reducing Treg cell differentiation, increasing pro-allergic Th9 responses, as well as supporting mucus secretion and collagen deposition. In this review, we discuss the contrasting roles of SOCS proteins in contexts of allergic disorders to provide new insights regarding the pathophysiology of these diseases and possibly explore SOCS proteins as potential therapeutic targets for alleviating allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Siddiqui S, Bachert C, Bjermer L, Buchheit KM, Castro M, Qin Y, Rupani H, Sagara H, Howarth P, Taillé C. Eosinophils and tissue remodeling: Relevance to airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:841-857. [PMID: 37343842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability of human tissue to reorganize and restore its existing structure underlies tissue homeostasis in the healthy airways, but in disease can persist without normal resolution, leading to an altered airway structure. Eosinophils play a cardinal role in airway remodeling both in health and disease, driving epithelial homeostasis and extracellular matrix turnover. Physiological consequences associated with eosinophil-driven remodeling include impaired lung function and reduced bronchodilator reversibility in asthma, and obstructed airflow in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Given the contribution of airway remodeling to the development and persistence of symptoms in airways disease, targeting remodeling is an important therapeutic consideration. Indeed, there is early evidence that eosinophil attenuation may reduce remodeling and disease progression in asthma. This review provides an overview of tissue remodeling in both health and airway disease with a particular focus on eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, as well as the role of eosinophils in these processes and the implications for therapeutic interventions. Areas for future research are also noted, to help improve our understanding of the homeostatic and pathological roles of eosinophils in tissue remodeling, which should aid the development of targeted and effective treatments for eosinophilic diseases of the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Siddiqui
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Claus Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany; First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine, and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Diseases Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, NC
| | - Yimin Qin
- Global Medical Affairs, Global Specialty and Primary Care, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Hitasha Rupani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Howarth
- Global Medical, Global Specialty and Primary Care, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Taillé
- Pneumology Department, Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1152, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
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6
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Mottais A, Riberi L, Falco A, Soccal S, Gohy S, De Rose V. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanisms in Chronic Airway Diseases: A Common Process to Target? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12412. [PMID: 37569787 PMCID: PMC10418908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process, in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial traits and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. This transformation has been described in different lung diseases, such as lung cancer, interstitial lung diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other muco-obstructive lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The exaggerated chronic inflammation typical of these pulmonary diseases can induce molecular reprogramming with subsequent self-sustaining aberrant and excessive profibrotic tissue repair. Over time this process leads to structural changes with progressive organ dysfunction and lung function impairment. Although having common signalling pathways, specific triggers and regulation mechanisms might be present in each disease. This review aims to describe the various mechanisms associated with fibrotic changes and airway remodelling involved in chronic airway diseases. Having better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the EMT process may help us to identify specific targets and thus lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or limit the onset of irreversible structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Mottais
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Luca Riberi
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Falco
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Soccal
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Centre, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginia De Rose
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Ntinopoulou M, Cassimos D, Roupakia E, Kolettas E, Panopoulou M, Mantadakis E, Konstantinidis T, Chrysanthopoulou A. Ιnterleukin-17A-Enriched Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Immunofibrotic Aspects of Childhood Asthma Exacerbation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2104. [PMID: 37626601 PMCID: PMC10452671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder that can drive tissue remodeling. Neutrophils are amongst the most prominent inflammatory cells contributing to disease manifestations and may exert a potent role in the progression of inflammation to fibrosis. However, their role in asthma exacerbation is still understudied. Here, we investigate the association between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and lung fibroblasts in childhood asthma pathophysiology using serum samples from pediatric patients during asthma exacerbation. Cell-based assays and NETs/human fetal lung fibroblast co-cultures were deployed. Increased levels of NETs and interleukin (IL)-17A were detected in the sera of children during asthma exacerbation. The in vitro stimulation of control neutrophils using the sera from pediatric patients during asthma exacerbation resulted in IL-17A-enriched NET formation. The subsequent co-incubation of lung fibroblasts with in vitro-generated IL-17A-enriched NETs led fibroblasts to acquire a pre-fibrotic phenotype, as assessed via enhanced CCN2 expression, migratory/healing capacity, and collagen release. These data uncover the important pathogenic role of the NET/IL-17A axis in asthma exacerbation, linking lung inflammation to fibroblast dysfunction and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ntinopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Cassimos
- Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, 68100 Thrace, Greece; (D.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Eugenia Roupakia
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.R.); (E.K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kolettas
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.R.); (E.K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, 68100 Thrace, Greece;
| | - Elpis Mantadakis
- Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, 68100 Thrace, Greece; (D.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Theocharis Konstantinidis
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.N.); (T.K.)
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Fu S, Wen Y, Peng B, Tang M, Shi M, Liu J, Yang Y, Si W, Guo Y, Li X, Yan T, Kang J, Pei H, Chen L. Discovery of indoline-based derivatives as effective ROCK2 inhibitors for the potential new treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106539. [PMID: 37163811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and devastating lung disease with a median survival of only 3-5 years. Due to the lack of effective therapy, IPF threatens human health. Recently, increasing reports have indicated that Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinases (ROCKs) play important roles in the development of IPF and might represent a novel target for the treatment of IPF. Herein, a new series of selective ROCK2 inhibitors based on indoline were designed and synthesized. Structural modification resulted in optimized compound 9b with an IC50 value of 6 nM against ROCK2 and the inhibition of collagen gel contraction. Cellular assays demonstrated that 9b could significantly suppress the expression of collagen I and α-SMA, and inhibited ROCK signaling pathway. Oral administration of compound 9b (10 mg/kg) exerted more significant anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects than nintedanib (100 mg/kg) and KD025 (100 mg/kg) in a bleomycin-induced IPF rat model, suggesting that 9b could serve as a potential lead compound for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhong Fu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingxue Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenting Si
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiandeng Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Sichuan Good Doctor Panxi Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Xichang 615000, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Medicinal American Cockroach, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Heying Pei
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China..
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.; Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610000, China.
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9
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The role of PGE2 and EP receptors on lung's immune and structural cells; possibilities for future asthma therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108313. [PMID: 36427569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common airway chronic disease with treatments aimed mainly to control the symptoms. Adrenergic receptor agonists, corticosteroids and anti-leukotrienes have been used for decades, and the development of more targeted asthma treatments, known as biological therapies, were only recently established. However, due to the complexity of asthma and the limited efficacy as well as the side effects of available treatments, there is an urgent need for a new generation of asthma therapies. The anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects of prostaglandin E2 in asthma are promising, yet complicated by undesirable side effects, such as cough and airway irritation. In this review, we summarize the most important literature on the role of all four E prostanoid (EP) receptors on the lung's immune and structural cells to further dissect the relevance of EP2/EP4 receptors as potential targets for future asthma therapy.
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Khalfaoui L, Pabelick CM. Airway smooth muscle in contractility and remodeling of asthma: potential drug target mechanisms. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:19-29. [PMID: 36744401 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is characterized by enhanced airway contractility and remodeling where airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays a key role, modulated by inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms by which ASM contributes to these features of asthma is essential for the development of novel asthma therapies. AREAS COVERED Inflammation in asthma contributes to a multitude of changes within ASM including enhanced airway contractility, proliferation, and fibrosis. Altered intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) regulation or Ca2+ sensitization contributes to airway hyperreactivity. Increased airway wall thickness from ASM proliferation and fibrosis contributes to structural changes seen with asthma. EXPERT OPINION ASM plays a significant role in multiple features of asthma. Increased ASM contractility contributes to hyperresponsiveness, while altered ASM proliferation and extracellular matrix production promote airway remodeling both influenced by inflammation of asthma and conversely even influencing the local inflammatory milieu. While standard therapies such as corticosteroids or biologics target inflammation, cytokines, or their receptors to alleviate asthma symptoms, these approaches do not address the underlying contribution of ASM to hyperresponsiveness and particularly remodeling. Therefore, novel therapies for asthma need to target abnormal contractility mechanisms in ASM and/or the contribution of ASM to remodeling, particularly in asthmatics resistant to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Khalfaoui
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Lee SY, Lee HS, Park HW. Transcriptome analysis of sputum cells reveals two distinct molecular phenotypes of “asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap” in the elderly. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:215. [DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Little is known about the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO). This study examined the molecular phenotypes of ACO in the elderly.
Methods
A genome-wide investigation of gene expression in sputum cells from the elderly with asthma, ACO, or COPD was performed using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) with predefined asthma- or COPD-specific gene signatures. We then performed a subsequent cluster analysis using enrichment scores (ESs) to identify molecular clusters in the elderly with ACO. Finally, a second GSVA was conducted with curated gene signatures to gain insight into the pathogenesis of ACO associated with the identified molecular clusters.
Results
Seventy elderly individuals were enrolled (17 with asthma, 41 with ACO, and 12 with COPD). Two distinct molecular clusters of ACO were identified. Clinically, ACO cluster 1 (N = 23) was characterized by male and smoker dominance, more obstructive lung function, and higher proportions of both neutrophil and eosinophil in induced sputum compared to ACO cluster 2 (N = 18). ACO cluster 1 had molecular features similar to both asthma and COPD, with mitochondria and peroxisome dysfunction as important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The molecular features of ACO cluster 2 differed from those of asthma and COPD, with enhanced innate immune reactions to microorganisms identified as being important in the pathogenesis of this form of ACO.
Conclusion
Recognition of the unique biological pathways associated with the two distinct molecular phenotypes of ACO will deepen our understanding of ACO in the elderly.
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12
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Shaban NZ, Mohammed AS, Abu-Serie MM, Maher AM, Habashy NH. Inhibition of oxidative stress, IL-13, and WNT/β-catenin in ovalbumin-sensitized rats by a novel organogel of Punica granatum seed oil saponifiable fraction. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113667. [PMID: 36942603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural remodeling. Here, we prepared two pomegranate fractions from the seed oil, saponifiable (Sap) and unsaponifiable (UnSap). Two organogels (Orgs) were also formulated with the Sap (Org1) or the UnSap (Org2) fraction and beeswax (BW). All preparations were evaluated in vitro for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory impacts. The transdermal delivery of the most efficient one was evaluated against ovalbumin (OV)-induced bronchial asthma in rats compared to dexamethasone (DEX). The results showed that the prepared pomegranate fractions and BW had considerable amounts of phenolics (flavonoids and tannins) and triterpenoids. Org1 was shown to be the most effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory fraction with synergistic activities (combination index, 1), as well as having protective and therapeutic influences on OV-sensitized rats. Org1 inhibited the multiple OV-induced signaling pathways, comprising ROS, WNT/β-catenin, and AKT, with an efficiency superior to DEX. Subsequently, the pro-inflammatory (COX-2, NO, and IL-13), and pro-fibrotic (COL1A1) mediators, oxidative stress, and mucin secretion, were all down-regulated. These outcomes were verified by the histopathological results of lung tissue. Collectively, these outcomes suggest that the transdermal delivery of Org1 to OV-sensitized rats shows promise in the protection and treatment of the pathological hallmarks of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Z Shaban
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Mohammed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Adham M Maher
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha H Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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13
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Wieczfinska J, Pawliczak R. Relaxin Affects Airway Remodeling Genes Expression through Various Signal Pathways Connected with Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158413. [PMID: 35955554 PMCID: PMC9368845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is one of the parameters of lung tissue remodeling in asthma. Relaxin has emerged as a natural suppressor of fibrosis, showing efficacy in the prevention of a multiple models of fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the aptitudes of relaxin, in the context of its immunomodulatory properties, in the development of airway remodeling. WI-38 and HFL1 fibroblasts, as well as epithelial cells (NHBE), were incubated with relaxin. Additionally, remodeling conditions were induced with two serotypes of rhinovirus (HRV). The expression of the genes contributing to airway remodeling were determined. Moreover, NF-κB, c-Myc, and STAT3 were knocked down to analyze the pathways involved in airway remodeling. Relaxin decreased the mRNA expression of collagen I and TGF-β and increased the expression of MMP-9 (p < 0.05). Relaxin also decreased HRV-induced expression of collagen I and α-SMA (p < 0.05). Moreover, all the analyzed transcription factors—NF-κB, c-Myc, and STAT3—have shown its influence on the pathways connected with relaxin action. Though relaxin requires further study, our results suggest that this natural compound offers great potential for inhibition of the development, or even reversing, of factors related to airway remodeling. The presented contribution of the investigated transcription factors in this process additionally increases its potential possibilities through a variety of its activity pathways.
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14
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Bernatowicz P, Pampuch A, Zywno H, Kowal K. Effect of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract on the expression of genes involved in inflammation and tissue remodeling by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic asthma patients. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:234-240. [PMID: 35644064 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE House dust mite allergy constitutes a risk factor for asthma development and is associated with a faster decline of lung function in allergic asthmatics (AAs). To evaluate the effect of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergens on the expression of genes involved in inflammation and tissue remodeling by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the blood of AAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cells from AAs, allergic rhinitis without asthma patients (ARs), and healthy controls (HCs) were cultured in the presence of Dp, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or without any stimulation. The expression of 84 genes was evaluated using a low-density microarray whereas, the quantitative expression analysis of selected genes was performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The concentration of selected proteins in the cell culture supernatants was assessed using ELISA. RESULTS Stimulation of PBMCs with Dp and LPS resulted in a significant upregulation of 8 and 15 among 84 studied genes, respectively. The greatest upregulation was observed for CCL2 and CCL3 using Dp and LPS, respectively. In comparison with HCs, in AAs, significantly increased upregulation of CCL2 in response to Dp was found. The secretion of CCL2 and CCL3 by PBMCs reflected the pattern of gene expression at the mRNA level. The mean Dp-stimulated secretion of CCL2 by PBMCs of ARs was less than in AAs (p < 0.01), both being notably greater than in the HCs (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Rapid and potent upregulation of CCL2 expression by PBMCs in response to Dp may constitute an important contribution to the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Bernatowicz
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pampuch
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hubert Zywno
- Department of Experimental Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Experimental Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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15
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Wang Y, Yang H, Su X, Cao A, Chen F, Chen P, Yan F, Hu H. SREBP2 promotes the viability, proliferation, and migration and inhibits apoptosis in TGF-β1-induced airway smooth muscle cells by regulating TLR2/NF-κB/NFATc1/ABCA1 regulatory network. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3137-3147. [PMID: 35037821 PMCID: PMC8973716 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2026550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a respiratory disease with complex pathogenesis. Sterol-responsive element-binding proteins 2 (SREBP2) was found to bind to promoter sequences of ABCA1 to suppress ABCA1 promoter activity. This study aimed to explore the expression level of SREBP2 and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and their effects on the development of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in asthma. ASMCs were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1 (0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 ng/mL). Short hairpin SREBP2 (shSREBP2), SREBP2, shABCA1 or ABCA1 were transfected into ASMCs. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and the expression of SREBP2, ABCA1 and related pathway proteins were detected by MTT assay, Brdu staining, flow cytometer, Transwell assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that TGF-β1 increased the viability, proliferation, migration and inhibited apoptosis in ASMCs. Moreover, TGF-β1 also decreased the expression of ABCA1, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, E-cadherin, and increased the expression of vimentin, TLR2, p-p65 and NFATc1. SREBP2 knockdown alleviated these TGF-β1-induced changes. SREBP2 overexpression inhibited ABCA1 expression and apoptosis, and promoted cell migration and the expression of TLR2, p-p65, NFATc1 in ASMCs. ABCA1 overexpression alleviated these SREBP2-induced promoting and inhibition effects. In conclusion, SREBP2 activates TLR2/NF-κB/NFATc1 regulatory network and promotes TGF-β1-induced cell movement through inhibiting ABCA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huike Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xian Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqiang Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Meishan People's Hospital, Meishan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangtao Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huirong Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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16
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STIM1 is a core trigger of airway smooth muscle remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114557118. [PMID: 34949717 PMCID: PMC8740694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114557118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) proteins are essential for the function of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Using transcriptomics, metabolomics, imaging, and inducible smooth muscle–specific STIM1 knockout mice expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors, we reveal a crucial function of STIM1 in airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. STIM1-mediated Ca2+ oscillations in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are critical for ASM remodeling through metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming and cytokine secretion, including IL-6. These effects are driven by Ca2+-dependent activation of the transcription factor isoform NFAT4 specifically in ASM. Our data provide evidence that ASM STIM1 and SOCE are central triggers of asthma manifestations and advocate for the future use of STIM1 as a molecular target in asthma therapy. Airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness are central drivers of asthma severity. Airway remodeling is a structural change involving the dedifferentiation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells from a quiescent to a proliferative and secretory phenotype. Here, we show up-regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) in ASM of asthmatic mice. STIM1 is required for metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming that supports airway remodeling, including ASM proliferation, migration, secretion of cytokines and extracellular matrix, enhanced mitochondrial mass, and increased oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic flux. Mechanistically, STIM1-mediated Ca2+ influx is critical for the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 and subsequent interleukin-6 secretion and transcription of pro-remodeling transcription factors, growth factors, surface receptors, and asthma-associated proteins. STIM1 drives airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice through enhanced frequency and amplitude of ASM cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. Our data advocates for ASM STIM1 as a target for asthma therapy.
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17
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Matos NAD, Reis DCD, Rocha LK, Mattos MSD, Cassali GD, Russo RC, Perez ADC, Klein A. Pharmacological blockade of protease-Activated Receptor 2 improves airway remodeling and lung inflammation in experimental allergic asthma. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e201089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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18
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Liu M, Shan M, Zhang Y, Guo Z. Progranulin Protects Against Airway Remodeling Through the Modulation of Autophagy via HMGB1 Suppression in House Dust Mite-Induced Chronic Asthma. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3891-3904. [PMID: 34408470 PMCID: PMC8367219 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s322724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Airway remodeling is an important feature of chronic asthma, and yet there are few effective therapeutic strategies. Progranulin (PGRN) has been shown to have lung protective functions, but the role of PGRN in asthmatic airway remodeling is unclear. We aim to explore the protective potential of PGRN on house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway remodeling and the underlying mechanisms. Methods In this study, a murine model of chronic asthma was established by HDM sensitization and challenge. Recombinant PGRN was intranasally administrated to mice during the phase of HDM challenge. TGF-β1-treated human airway epithelial BEAS-2B cells were utilized to explore the effect of PGRN on airway epithelia exposed to profibrotic conditions and molecular mechanisms. Results We found that PGRN treatment attenuated HDM-induced airway remodeling, as evidenced by the suppression of collagen accumulation, mucus overproduction and airway smooth muscle synthesis in HDM-challenged asthmatic mice lungs. Meanwhile, PGRN also reversed the increased levels of autophagy markers and autophagosomes in airway epithelia under mimic asthmatic conditions, thereby controlling the fibrotic process in vivo and in vitro. Specifically, overexpressed HMGB1 and the subsequent RAGE/MAPKs signaling activation due to HDM exposure were abrogated in PGRN-treated asthmatic mice. Furthermore, knockdown of HMGB1 expression significantly restrained the fibrosis formation in TGF-β1-induced airway epithelia accompanied by the downregulation of autophagic activity. However, enhancement of extracellular HMGB1 levels blunted the inhibition of autophagic flux by PGRN in airway epithelia, thereby resulting in the augmentation of collagen synthesis and fibrosis. Conclusion Taken together, our data revealed that PGRN protected against asthmatic airway remodeling by negatively regulating autophagy via HMGB1 suppression, which might provide new insights into the therapeutic options for HDM-induced chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200123, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtian Shan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200123, People's Republic of China
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19
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Rajasekar P, Patel J, Clifford RL. DNA Methylation of Fibroblast Phenotypes and Contributions to Lung Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081977. [PMID: 34440746 PMCID: PMC8391838 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are an integral part of connective tissue and play a crucial role in developing and modulating the structural framework of tissues by acting as the primary source of extracellular matrix (ECM). A precise definition of the fibroblast remains elusive. Lung fibroblasts orchestrate the assembly and turnover of ECM to facilitate gas exchange alongside performing immune functions including the secretion of bioactive molecules and antigen presentation. DNA methylation is the covalent attachment of a methyl group to primarily cytosines within DNA. DNA methylation contributes to diverse cellular phenotypes from the same underlying genetic sequence, with DNA methylation profiles providing a memory of cellular origin. The lung fibroblast population is increasingly viewed as heterogeneous with between 6 and 11 mesenchymal populations identified across health and lung disease to date. DNA methylation has been associated with different lung fibroblast populations in health and with alterations in lung disease, but to varying extents. In this review, we will discuss lung fibroblast heterogeneity and the evidence for a contribution from DNA methylation to defining cell populations and alterations in disease.
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20
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Xing Q, You Y, Zhao X, Ji J, Yan H, Dong Y, Ren L, Ding Y, Hou S. iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Reveals Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao Decoction Alleviates Airway Remodeling via Reducing Extracellular Matrix Deposition in a Murine Model of Chronic Remission Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:588588. [PMID: 34194321 PMCID: PMC8237094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.588588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a primary pathological feature of asthma. The current therapy for asthma mainly targets reducing inflammation but not particularly airway remodeling. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop alternative and more effective therapies to attenuate remodeling. Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao Decoction (GBFXD) has been used to effectively and safely treat asthma for decades. In this study, GBFXD regulated airway inflammation, collagen deposition, and the molecules relevant to airway remodeling such as Vimentin, α-SMA, hydroxyproline, and E-cadherin in chronic remission asthma (CRA) murine model. Proteomic analysis indicated that the overlapping differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (Model/Control and GBFXD/Model) were mainly collagens and laminins, which were extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In addition, the KEGG analysis showed that GBFXD could regulate pathways related to airway remodeling including ECM-receptor interactions, focal adhesion, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which were the top three significantly enriched pathways containing the most DEPs for both Model/Control and GBFXD/Model. Further validation research showed that GBFXD regulated reticulon-4 (RTN4) and suppressed the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway to alleviate ECM proteins deposition. In conclusion, our findings indicate that GBFXD possibly regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway via RTN4 to improve airway remodeling, which provides a new insight into the molecular mechanism of GBFXD for the treatment of CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yannan You
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingmei Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Lishun Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuting Hou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Institution of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing, China
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21
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Rajasekar N, Sivanantham A, Kar A, Mukhopadhyay S, Mahapatra SK, Paramasivam SG, Rajasekaran S. Anti-asthmatic effects of tannic acid from Chinese natural gall nuts in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107847. [PMID: 34126339 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, which is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airway remodeling. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of tannic acid (TA), a naturally occurring plant-derived polyphenol, in murine asthma model. BALB/c mice were given ovalbumin (OVA) to establish an allergic asthma model. The results revealed that TA treatment significantly decreased OVA-induced AHR, inflammatory cells infiltration, and the expression of various inflammatory mediators (Th2 and Th1 cytokines, eotaxin, and total IgE). Additionally, TA treatment also attenuated increases in mucins (Muc5ac and Muc5b) expression, mucus production in airway goblet cells, mast cells infiltration, and airway remodeling induced by OVA exposure. Furthermore, OVA-induced NF-κB (nuclear factor- kappa B) activation and cell adhesion molecules expression in the lungs was suppressed by TA treatment. In conclusion, TA effectively attenuated AHR, inflammatory response, and airway remodeling in OVA-challenged asthmatic mice. Therefore, TA may be a potential therapeutic option against allergic asthma in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhine Rajasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, BIT-Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyanar Sivanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, BIT-Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amrita Kar
- Department of Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sramana Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Santanu Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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22
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Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Airway Inflammation in Tracheal Epithelial Cells and Asthmatic Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061311. [PMID: 34070405 PMCID: PMC8227140 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is isolated from brown algae and was previously reported to have multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor and anti-obesity effects in mice. Fucoxanthin also decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of fucoxanthin on the oxidative and inflammatory responses in inflammatory human tracheal epithelial BEAS-2B cells and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and oxidative stress in asthmatic mice. Fucoxanthin significantly decreased monocyte cell adherence to BEAS-2B cells. In addition, fucoxanthin inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eotaxin, and reactive oxygen species in BEAS-2B cells. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were treated by intraperitoneal injections of fucoxanthin (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg), which significantly alleviated AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophil infiltration in the lungs, and decreased Th2 cytokine production in the BALF. Furthermore, fucoxanthin significantly increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the lungs of asthmatic mice. These data demonstrate that fucoxanthin attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in inflammatory tracheal epithelial cells and improves the pathological changes related to asthma in mice. Thus, fucoxanthin has therapeutic potential for improving asthma.
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23
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Dawson RE, Jenkins BJ, Saad MI. IL-6 family cytokines in respiratory health and disease. Cytokine 2021; 143:155520. [PMID: 33875334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung fibrosis represent a major burden on healthcare systems with limited effective therapeutic options. Developing effective treatments for these debilitating diseases requires an understanding of how alterations at the molecular level affect lung macroscopic architecture. A common theme among these lung disorders is the presence of an underlying dysregulated immune system which can lead to sustained chronic inflammation. In this respect, several inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, thus leading to the notion that cytokines are attractive therapeutic targets for these disorders. In this review, we discuss and highlight the recent breakthroughs that have enhanced our understanding of the role of the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines in lung homeostasis and chronic diseases including asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby E Dawson
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Zhao Y, Liu S, Li X, Xu Z, Hao L, Cui Z, Bi K, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Cross-talk of Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Asthma and Cataract. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:810-822. [PMID: 32031062 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200207113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, which involves many cellular and cellular components. Cataract is a condition that affects the transparency of the lens, which the opacity of the lens caused by any innate or acquired factor degrades its transparency or changes in color. Both of them belong to diseases induced by immune disorders or inflammation. We want to confirm the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of asthma and cataract simultaneously, and provide reference for the later related experiments. So we conducted a scoping review of many databases and searched for studies (Academic research published in Wiley, Springer and Bentham from 2000 to 2019) about the possible relationship between asthma and cataract. It was found that during the onset of asthma and cataract, Rho/Rock signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway are all active, so they may have a certain correlation in pathogenesis. Asthma may be associated with cataract through the eight signaling pathways, causing inflammation or immune imbalance based on allergy that can lead to cataract. According to these studies, we speculated that the three most likely signaling pathways are PI3K/AKT, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Sumei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiangsheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lifang Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kewei Bi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China,Offices of Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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25
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Huo R, Tian X, Chang Q, Liu D, Wang C, Bai J, Wang R, Zheng G, Tian X. Targeted inhibition of β-catenin alleviates airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma via modulating the profibrotic and anti-inflammatory actions of transforming growth factor-β 1. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 15:1753466620981858. [PMID: 33530899 PMCID: PMC7970683 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620981858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: TGF-β1 is a key cytokine involved in both airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma because of its anti-inflammatory and profibrotic effect. In our previous study, we found that knockdown of cytosolic β-catenin alleviated the profibrogenic effect of TGF-β1 without influencing its anti-inflammatory effect. However, the exact role of targeting β-catenin in asthma is not yet fully demonstrated. In the present study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of targeting β-catenin in OVA-challenged asthmatic rats with airway inflammation and remodeling features. Methods: We integrated experimental asthma model and asthma related cell model to explore the effect of targeting β-catenin on airway inflammation and remodeling of asthma. Results: Blocking β-catenin with ICG001, a small molecule inhibitor of β-catenin/TCF via binding to cAMP-response elementbinding protein, attenuated airway inflammation by increasing levels of anti-inflammation cytokines IL-10, IL-35 and decreasing levels of T helper (Th)2 cells and Th17 cytokine. Suppressing β-catenin by ICG001 inhibited airway remodeling via reducing the level of TGF-β1 and the expressions of Snail, MMP-7, MMP-9 and, up-regulating expression of E-cadherin, down-regulating expressions of α-SMA and Fn. Inhibition of β-catenin with ICG001 suppressed TGF-β1 induced proliferation and activation of CCC-REPF-1, blocked TGF-β1 induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RLE-6TN. Conclusion: Blockade of β-catenin/TCF not only prevents TGF-β1 induced EMT and profibrogenic effects involved in pathological remodeling of airway, but also alleviates airway inflammation in asthma by balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. In conclusion, targeting β-catenin specifically via inhibition of β-catenin/TCF might be a new therapeutic strategy for asthma. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujie Huo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinli Tian
- Cardiopulmonary Center, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Dai Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Pathology Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingcui Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Runjuan Wang
- Emergency Department, Central Hospital of China Railway No.3 Engineering Group, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xinrui Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Xinghualing Area, Taiyuan, China
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26
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Yeung BHY, Huang J, An SS, Solway J, Mitzner W, Tang WY. Role of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 on DNA Hydroxymethylation in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:36-45. [PMID: 32150688 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0323oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Global DNA hydroxymethylation mediated by the TET (ten-eleven translocation) enzyme was induced in allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mouse lung tissues and specifically in isolated airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. TET is an α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent enzyme, and the production of α-KG is catalyzed by IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase). However, the role of IDH in the regulation of DNA hydroxymethylation in ASM cells is unknown. In comparison with nonasthmatic cells, asthmatic ASM cells exhibited higher TET activity and IDH2 (but not IDH-1 or IDH-3) gene expression levels. We modified the expression of IDH2 in ASM cells from humans with asthma by siRNA and examined the α-KG levels, TET activity, global DNA hydroxymethylation, cell proliferation, and expression of ASM phenotypic genes. Inhibition of IDH2 in asthmatic ASM cells decreased the α-KG levels, TET activity, and global DNA hydroxymethylation, and reversed the aberrant ASM phenotypes (including decreased cell proliferation and ASM phenotypic gene expression). Specifically, asthmatic cells transfected with siRNA against IDH2 showed decreased 5hmC (5-hydroxymethylcytosine) levels at the TGFB2 (transforming growth factor-β2) promoter determined by oxidative bisulfite sequencing. Taken together, our findings reveal that IDH2 plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of ASM phenotypic changes in asthmatic ASM cells, suggesting that IDH2 is a potential therapeutic target for reversing the abnormal phenotypes seen in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie H Y Yeung
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessie Huang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven S An
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Julian Solway
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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27
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Zhang J, Dong L. Status and prospects: personalized treatment and biomarker for airway remodeling in asthma. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:6090-6101. [PMID: 33209441 PMCID: PMC7656354 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling, as a major characteristic of bronchial asthma, is critical to the progression of this disease, whereas it is of less importance in clinical management. Complying with the current stepwise treatment standard for asthma, the choice of intervention on the clinical status is primarily determined by the patient’s treatment response to airway inflammation. However, a considerable number of asthmatic patients, especially severe asthmatic subjects, remain uncontrolled though they have undergone fortified anti-inflammation treatment. In the past few years, a growing number of biologics specific to asthma phenotypes have emerged, bringing new hope for patients with refractory asthma and severe asthma. While at the same time, the effect of airway remodeling on asthma treatment has become progressively prominent. In the era of personalized treatment, it has become one of the development directions for asthma treatment to find reliable airway remodeling biomarkers to assist in asthma phenotypes classification, and to further combine multiple phenotypes to accurately treat patients. In the present study, the research status of airway remodeling in asthma is reviewed to show the basis for classifying and treating such disease. Besides, several selected airway remodeling biomarkers and possibility to use them in individual treatment are discussed as well. This study considers that continuously optimized mechanisms and emerging biomarkers for airway remodeling in the future may further support individual therapy for asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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28
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Mohamed MME, Nicklin AD, Stover CM. The Value of Targeting Complement Components in Asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56080405. [PMID: 32806638 PMCID: PMC7466339 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56080405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an important respiratory illness. Though pharmacological and biological treatment is well established and is staged according to endotypes and their responses to treatment, novel avenues are being explored. Our focus is complement. In this viewpoint, we evaluate the approach to target complement in this complex hypersensitivity reaction that develops chronicity and has a personal—as well as a societal—cost.
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29
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Kim YY, Hur G, Lee SW, Lee SJ, Lee S, Kim SH, Rho MC. AGK2 ameliorates mast cell-mediated allergic airway inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting FcεRI/TGF-β signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105027. [PMID: 32565308 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic inflammation, detrimentally affecting the patients' quality of life. The development of new drugs for the treatment of asthma is warranted to alleviate these issues. Recent studies have demonstrated that sirtuin2 (SIRT2) aggravates asthmatic inflammation by up-regulation of T-helper type 2 responses and macrophage polarization. However, effects of SIRT2 on mast cell activation remain obscure. In this study, we investigated the effects of AGK2, an inhibitor for SIRT2, on mast cell-mediated allergic airway inflammation. Pre-treatment with AGK2 inhibited degranulation of mast cells by suppressing the FcεRI signaling pathway and intracellular calcium influx. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8, was inhibited via regulation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and NRF2. These effects of AGK2 were verified in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and acute lung injury animal models. AGK2 attenuated Evans blue pigmentation by inhibiting mast cell activation and lung barrier dysfunction by inhibiting inflammatory responses in these animal models. In the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation murine model, AGK2 alleviated allergic asthma symptoms such as lung histological changes (immune cell and mast cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and α-smooth muscle actin expression) and serum immunoglobulins (Ig) levels (IgE, OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a). Moreover, AGK2 reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6) and inflammatory mediators (myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and tumor growth factor-α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. In addition, the anti-fibrotic effects of AGK2 were verified using lung epithelial cells and TGF-β/Smad reporter stable cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SIRT2 plays a role in mast cell-mediated airway inflammatory disease. Therefore, AGK2 is a good potential candidate for treating allergic asthma and lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Yong Kim
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeong Hur
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Hough KP, Curtiss ML, Blain TJ, Liu RM, Trevor J, Deshane JS, Thannickal VJ. Airway Remodeling in Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:191. [PMID: 32509793 PMCID: PMC7253669 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways that may result from exposure to allergens or other environmental irritants, resulting in bronchoconstriction, wheezing, and shortness of breath. The structural changes of the airways associated with asthma, broadly referred to as airway remodeling, is a pathological feature of chronic asthma that contributes to the clinical manifestations of the disease. Airway remodeling in asthma constitutes cellular and extracellular matrix changes in the large and small airways, epithelial cell apoptosis, airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, and fibroblast activation. These pathological changes in the airway are orchestrated by crosstalk of different cell types within the airway wall and submucosa. Environmental exposures to dust, chemicals, and cigarette smoke can initiate the cascade of pro-inflammatory responses that trigger airway remodeling through paracrine signaling and mechanostimulatory cues that drive airway remodeling. In this review, we explore three integrated and dynamic processes in airway remodeling: (1) initiation by epithelial cells; (2) amplification by immune cells; and (3) mesenchymal effector functions. Furthermore, we explore the role of inflammaging in the dysregulated and persistent inflammatory response that perpetuates airway remodeling in elderly asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Hough
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Miranda L Curtiss
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Trevor J Blain
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer Trevor
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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31
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Upparahalli Venkateshaiah S, Niranjan R, Manohar M, Verma AK, Kandikattu HK, Lasky JA, Mishra A. Attenuation of Allergen-, IL-13-, and TGF-α-induced Lung Fibrosis after the Treatment of rIL-15 in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:97-109. [PMID: 30702923 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0254oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous IL-15 deficiency promotes lung fibrosis; therefore, we examined the effect of induced IL-15 in restricting the progression of lung fibrosis. Our objective in this work was to establish a novel therapeutic molecule for pulmonary fibrosis. Western blot, qPCR, and ELISA were performed on the lung tissues of IL-15-deficient mice, and recombinant IL-15 (rIL-15)-treated CC10-IL-13 and CC10-TGF-α mice, and allergen-challenged CC10-IL-15 mice were examined to establish the antifibrotic effect of IL-15 in lung fibrosis. We show that endogenous IL-15 deficiency induces baseline profibrotic cytokine and collagen accumulation in the lung, and pharmacological delivery of rIL-15 downregulates Aspergillus antigen-induced lung collagen, the profibrotic cytokines IL-13 and TGF-β1, and α-SMA+ and FSP1+ cells in mice. To confirm that overexpression of IL-15 diminishes pulmonary fibrosis, we generated CC10-rtTA-tetO7-IL-15 transgenic mice and challenged them with Aspergillus antigen. Aspergillus antigen-challenged, doxycycline (DOX)-treated CC10-IL-15 transgenic mice exhibited decreased collagen accumulation, profibrotic cytokine (IL-13 and TGF-β1) expression, and α-SMA+ and FSP1+ cells compared with IL-15-overexpressing mice not treated with DOX. Additionally, to establish that the antifibrotic effect of IL-15 is not limited to allergen-induced fibrosis, we showed that rIL-15 or IL-15 agonist treatment restricted pulmonary fibrosis even in CC10-IL-13 and CC10-TGF-α mice. Mechanistically, we show that T-helper cell type 17 suppressor IL-15-responsive RORγ+ T regulatory cells are induced in DOX-treated, allergen-challenged IL-15-overexpressing mice, which may be a novel pathway for restricting progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, our data establishes antifibrotic activity of IL-15 that might be a novel therapeutic molecule to combat the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rituraj Niranjan
- 2 Indian Council of Medical Research, Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - Murli Manohar
- 1 Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Alok K Verma
- 1 Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Hemanth K Kandikattu
- 1 Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- 1 Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Anil Mishra
- 1 Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
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32
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Transcriptomic changes during TGF-β-mediated differentiation of airway fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20377. [PMID: 31889146 PMCID: PMC6937312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic lung disease in children and young adults worldwide. Airway remodelling (including increased fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in airway walls due to chronic inflammation) differentiates asthmatic from non-asthmatic airways. The increase in airway fibroblasts and myofibroblasts occurs via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) where epithelial cells lose their tight junctions and are transdifferentiated to mesenchymal cells, with further increases in myofibroblasts occurring via fibroblast-myofibroblast transition (FMT). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is the central EMT- and FMT-inducing cytokine. In this study, we have used next generation sequencing to delineate the changes in the transcriptome induced by TGF-β treatment of WI-38 airway fibroblasts in both the short term and after differentiation into myofibroblasts, to gain an understanding of the contribution of TGF-β induced transdifferentiation to the asthmatic phenotype. The data obtained from RNAseq analysis was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and protein expression investigated by western blotting. As expected, we found that genes coding for intermediates in the TGF-β signalling pathways (SMADs) were differentially expressed after TGF-β treatment, SMAD2 being upregulated and SMAD3 being downregulated as expected. Further, genes involved in cytoskeletal pathways (FN1, LAMA, ITGB1) were upregulated in myofibroblasts compared to fibroblasts. Importantly, genes that were previously shown to be changed in asthmatic lungs (ADAMTS1, DSP, TIMPs, MMPs) were similarly differentially expressed in myofibroblasts, strongly suggesting that TGF-β mediated differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts may underlie important changes in the asthmatic airway. We also identified new intermediates of signalling pathways (PKB, PTEN) that are changed in myofibroblasts compared to fibroblasts. We have found a significant number of genes that are altered after TGF-β induced transdifferentiation of WI-38 fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, many of which were expected or predicted. We also identified novel genes and pathways that were affected after TGF-β treatment, suggesting additional pathways are activated during the transition between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and may contribute to the asthma phenotype.
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33
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McAlinden KD, Deshpande DA, Ghavami S, Xenaki D, Sohal SS, Oliver BG, Haghi M, Sharma P. Autophagy Activation in Asthma Airways Remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:541-553. [PMID: 30383396 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0169oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current asthma therapies fail to target airway remodeling that correlates with asthma severity driving disease progression that ultimately leads to loss of lung function. Macroautophagy (hereinafter "autophagy") is a fundamental cell-recycling mechanism in all eukaryotic cells; emerging evidence suggests that it is dysregulated in asthma. We investigated the interrelationship between autophagy and airway remodeling and assessed preclinical efficacy of a known autophagy inhibitor in murine models of asthma. Human asthmatic and nonasthmatic lung tissues were histologically evaluated and were immunostained for key autophagy markers. The percentage area of positive staining was quantified in the epithelium and airway smooth muscle bundles using ImageJ software. Furthermore, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine was tested intranasally in prophylactic (3 wk) and treatment (5 wk) models of allergic asthma in mice. Human asthmatic tissues showed greater tissue inflammation and demonstrated hallmark features of airway remodeling, displaying thickened epithelium (P < 0.001) and reticular basement membrane (P < 0.0001), greater lamina propria depth (P < 0.005), and increased airway smooth muscle bundles (P < 0.001) with higher expression of Beclin-1 (P < 0.01) and ATG5 (autophagy-related gene 5) (P < 0.05) together with reduced p62 (P < 0.05) compared with nonasthmatic control tissues. Beclin-1 expression was significantly higher in asthmatic epithelium and ciliated cells (P < 0.05), suggesting a potential role of ciliophagy in asthma. Murine asthma models demonstrated effective preclinical efficacy (reduced key features of allergic asthma: airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling) of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Our data demonstrate cell context-dependent and selective activation of autophagy in structural cells in asthma. Furthermore, this pathway can be effectively targeted to ameliorate airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kielan D McAlinden
- 1 Graduate School of Health and.,3 School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,2 Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- 4 Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- 5 Department of Anatomy & Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Dia Xenaki
- 2 Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- 6 Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- 3 School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,2 Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Pawan Sharma
- 3 School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,2 Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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34
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Ambhore NS, Kalidhindi RSR, Pabelick CM, Hawse JR, Prakash YS, Sathish V. Differential estrogen-receptor activation regulates extracellular matrix deposition in human airway smooth muscle remodeling via NF-κB pathway. FASEB J 2019; 33:13935-13950. [PMID: 31638834 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901340r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Altered airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in airways are characteristic features of remodeling in asthma. Increased ECM production modulates ASM cell proliferation and leads to airway remodeling. Our previous studies showed that ASM from patients with asthma exhibited increased expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-β, which upon activation down-regulated ASM proliferation, implicating an important role for estrogen signaling in airway physiology. There is no current information on the effect of differential ER activation on ECM production. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ER-α vs. ER-β activation on ECM production, deposition, and underlying pathways. Primary human ASM cells isolated from asthmatics and nonasthmatics were treated with E2, an ER-α agonist [propylpyrazoletriol (PPT)], and an ER-β agonist [WAY-200070 (WAY)] with TNF-α or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) followed by evaluation of ECM production and deposition. Expression of proteins and genes corresponding to ECM were measured using Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR with subsequent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Molecular mechanisms of ER activation in regulating ECM were evaluated by luciferase reporter assays for activator protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB. TNF-α or PDGF significantly (P < 0.001) increased ECM deposition and MMP activity in human ASM cells, which was significantly reduced with WAY treatment but not with PPT. Furthermore, TNF-α- or PDGF-induced ECM gene expression in ASM cells was significantly reduced with WAY (P < 0.001). Moreover, WAY significantly down-regulated the activation of NF-κB (P < 0.001) and AP-1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in ASM cells from asthmatics and nonasthmatics. Overall, we demonstrate differential ER signaling in controlling ECM production and deposition. Activation of ER-β diminishes ECM deposition via suppressing the NF-κB pathway activity and might serve as a novel target to blunt airway remodeling.-Ambhore, N. S., Kalidhindi, R. S. R., Pabelick, C. M., Hawse, J. R., Prakash, Y. S., Sathish, V. Differential estrogen-receptor activation regulates extracellular matrix deposition in human airway smooth muscle remodeling via NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Sudhakar Ambhore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | | | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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Effects of the serine protease inhibitor rBmTI-A in an experimental mouse model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12624. [PMID: 31477763 PMCID: PMC6718655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether a recombinant serine protease inhibitor (rBmTI-A) modulates inflammation in an experimental model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Balb/c mice were divided into four groups: SAL (saline), OVA (sensitized with ovalbumin), SAL + rBmTI-A (control treated with rBmTI-A) and OVA + rBmTI-A (sensitized with ovalbumin and treated with rBmTI-A). The animals received an intraperitoneal injection of saline or ovalbumin, according to the group. The groups received inhalation with saline or ovalbumin and were treated with rBmTI-A or saline by nasal instillation. After 29 days, we evaluated the respiratory mechanics; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); cytokines; MMP-9, TIMP-1; eosinophils; collagen and elastic fibre expression in the airways; and the trypsin-like, MMP-1, and MMP-9 lung tissue proteolytic activity. Treatment with rBmTI-A reduced the trypsin-like proteolytic activity, the elastance and resistance maximum response, the polymorphonuclear cells, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17A in the BALF, the expression of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, CD4+, MMP-9, TIMP-1, eosinophils, collagen and elastic fibres in the airways of the OVA + rBmTI-A group compared to the OVA group (p < 0.05). rBmTI-A attenuated bronchial hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodelling in this experimental model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. This inhibitor may serve as a potential therapeutic tool for asthma treatment.
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Zhang T, Day JH, Su X, Guadarrama AG, Sandbo NK, Esnault S, Denlinger LC, Berthier E, Theberge AB. Investigating Fibroblast-Induced Collagen Gel Contraction Using a Dynamic Microscale Platform. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:196. [PMID: 31475142 PMCID: PMC6702460 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces have long been recognized as fundamental drivers in biological processes, such as embryogenesis, tissue formation and disease regulation. The collagen gel contraction (CGC) assay has served as a classic tool in the field of mechanobiology to study cell-induced contraction of extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays an important role in inflammation and wound healing. In a conventional CGC assay, cell-laden collagen is loaded into a cell culture vessel (typically a well plate) and forms a disk-shaped gel adhering to the bottom of the vessel. The decrement in diameter or surface area of the gel is used as a parameter to quantify the degree of cell contractility. In this study, we developed a microscale CGC assay with an engineered well plate insert that uses surface tension forces to load and manipulate small volumes (14 μL) of cell-laden collagen. The system is easily operated with two pipetting steps and the microscale device moves dynamically as a result of cellular forces. We used a straightforward one-dimensional measurement as the gel contraction readout. We adapted a conventional lung fibroblast CGC assay to demonstrate the functionality of the device, observing significantly more gel contraction when human lung fibroblasts were cultured in serum-containing media vs. serum-free media (p ≤ 0.05). We further cocultured eosinophils and fibroblasts in the system, two important cellular components that lead to fibrosis in asthma, and observed that soluble factors from eosinophils significantly increase fibroblast-mediated gel contraction (p ≤ 0.01). Our microscale CGC device provides a new method for studying downstream ECM effects of intercellular cross talk using 7- to 35-fold less cell-laden gel than traditional CGC assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John H Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xiaojing Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Arthur G Guadarrama
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nathan K Sandbo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Protective Effects of Licochalcone A Improve Airway Hyper-Responsiveness and Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model of Asthma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060617. [PMID: 31226782 PMCID: PMC6628120 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A was isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and previously reported to have antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. Licochalcone A has also been found to inhibit the levels of Th2-associated cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice. However, the molecular mechanism underlying airway inflammation and how licochalcone A regulates oxidative stress in asthmatic mice are elusive. In this study, we investigated whether licochalcone A could attenuate inflammatory and oxidative responses in tracheal epithelial cells, and whether it could ameliorate oxidative stress and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Inflammatory human tracheal epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells were treated with licochalcone A to evaluate oxidative responses and inflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and injected intraperitoneally with licochalcone A (5 or 10 mg/kg). Licochalcone A significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species, eotaxin, and proinflammatory cytokines in BEAS-2B cells. Licochalcone A also decreased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 levels in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells, blocking monocyte cell adherence. We also found that licochalcone A significantly decreased oxidative responses, reduced malondialdehyde levels, and increased glutathione levels in the lungs of OVA-sensitized mice. Furthermore, licochalcone A decreased airway hyper-responsiveness, eosinophil infiltration, and Th2 cytokine production in the BALF. These findings suggest that licochalcone A alleviates oxidative stress, inflammation, and pathological changes by inhibiting Th2-associated cytokines in asthmatic mice and human tracheal epithelial cells. Thus, licochalcone A demonstrated therapeutic potential for improving asthma.
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Simon J, Nemeth E, Nemes A, Husveth-Toth M, Radovits T, Foldes G, Kiss L, Bagyura Z, Skopal J, Merkely B, Gara E. Circulating Relaxin-1 Level Is a Surrogate Marker of Myocardial Fibrosis in HFrEF. Front Physiol 2019; 10:690. [PMID: 31231242 PMCID: PMC6558211 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Relaxin-1 (RLN1) has emerged as a possible therapeutic target in myocardial fibrosis due to its anti-fibrotic effects. Previous randomized clinical trials investigated therapeutic role of exogenous relaxin in patients with acute-on-chronic heart failure (HF) and failed to meet clinical endpoints. Here, we aimed to assess endogenous, circulating RLN1 levels in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) of ischemic origin. Furthermore, we analyzed relation of RLN1 and left ventricular diastolic function, left and right ventricular fibrosis, and invasive hemodynamic measurements. Unique feature of our study is the availability of ex vivo human myocardial tissue. Methods: Human myocardial samples were available from the Transplantation Biobank of the Heart and Vascular Center at Semmelweis University after local ethical approval and informed consent of all participants (n = 47). Tissue was collected immediately after heart explantations; peripheral blood was collected before induction of anesthesia. Myocardial sections were stained for Masson’s trichrome and Picrosirius red staining to quantify fibrosis. Medical records were analyzed (ECG, anthropometry, blood tests, medication, echocardiography, and invasive hemodynamic measurements). Results: Average RLN1 levels in HFrEF population were significantly higher than measured in age and gender matched healthy control human subjects (702 ± 283 pg/ml in HFrEF vs. 44 ± 27 pg/ml in control n = 47). We found a moderate inverse correlation between RLN1 levels and degree of myocardial fibrosis in both ventricles (r = −0.357, p = 0.014 in the right ventricle vs. r = −0.321, p = 0.028 in the left ventricle with Masson’s trichrome staining). Parallel, a moderate positive correlation was found in left ventricular diastolic function (echocardiography, E/A wave values) and RLN1 levels (r = 0.456, p = 0.003); a negative correlation with RLN1 levels and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (r = −0.373, p = 0.023), and diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (r = −0.894, p < 0.001). RLN1 levels showed moderate correlation with RLN2 levels (r = 0.453, p = 0.0003). Conclusion: Increased RLN1 levels were accompanied by lower myocardial fibrosis rate, which is a novel finding in our patient population with coronary artery disease and HFrEF. RLN1 can have a biomarker role in ventricular fibrosis; furthermore, it may influence hemodynamic and vasomotor activity via neurohormonal mechanisms of action. Given these valuable findings, RLN1 may be targeted in anti-fibrotic therapeutics and in perioperative care of heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Simon
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Nemeth
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Nemes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tamas Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Foldes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loretta Kiss
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bagyura
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Skopal
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bela Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Gara
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Li Y, Tan G, Liu J, Ke X, Shen Y, Huang J, Hu G, Xiang T, Yang Y. The Role of Relaxin-2 in Tissue Remodeling of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:490-499. [PMID: 31007042 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419843828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Relaxin is a small peptide hormone that regulates extracellular matrix remodeling and reduces fibrosis in a number of organs. Little is known about its impact on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP); thus, we aimed to determine the expression of human H2 relaxin (relaxin-2) and its role in tissue remodeling in CRSwNP. Methods Patients were enrolled and divided into the following groups: CRS with NP (CRSwNP; n = 20), CRS without NP (CRSsNP; n = 20), and controls (n = 15). Tissue samples were analyzed by Masson trichrome staining for collagen, while the location and expression of relaxin-2, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and phosphorylated (p) Smad2/Smad3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The expression of relaxin-2, Smad2, Smad3, and TGF-β1 mRNA was tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Ex vivo NP were treated with relaxin-2 (n = 15) or TGF-β1 (n = 15). Collagen type I (collagen I), relaxin-2, and TGF-β1 levels in the culture supernatants were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while pSmad2/Smad3 in culture pellets was analyzed by Western blot, and the expression of Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA was tested by qPCR. Results The collagen, relaxin-2, TGF-β1, and pSmad2/Smad3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the CRSwNP group compared with the CRSsNP group ( P < .05). The expression of relaxin-2, Smad2, Smad3, and TGF-β1 mRNA in the CRSsNP group was significantly higher than in the CRSwNP and control groups ( P < .05). Compared with the ex vivo controls, in CRSwNP, the levels of TGF-β1, collagen I, pSmad2/Smad3, Smad2, and Smad3 were markedly decreased after relaxin-2 treatment. However, relaxin-2, collagen I, pSmad2/Smad3, Smad2, and Smad3 were remarkably increased after TGF-β1 treatment. Conclusions The antifibrotic effects of relaxin-2 may play a role in tissue remodeling in CRSwNP, but the detailed mechanism deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Li
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojing Tan
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Ke
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Shen
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangju Huang
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- 2 Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The explosive growth of the nanotechnology industry has necessitated the examination of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for their toxicity. The unique properties that make ENMs useful also make them a health risk, and individuals with pre-existing diseases such as asthma are likely more susceptible. This review summarizes the current literature on the ability of ENMs to both exacerbate and directly cause asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies highlight the ability of metal nanoparticles (NPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to not only exacerbate pre-existing asthma in animal models but also initiate allergic airway disease directly. CNTs alone are shown to cause airway mucus production, elevated serum IgE levels, and increased TH2 cytokine levels, all key indicators of asthma. The ability of ENMs to modulate the immune response in asthma varies depending on their physicochemical properties and exposure timing. CNTs consistently exacerbate asthma, as do Ni and TiO2 NPs, whereas some NPs like Au attenuate asthma. Evidence is strong that ENMs can contribute to allergic airway disease; however, more work is required to determine their mechanisms, and more epidemiological studies are needed to validate results from animal models.
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Britt RD, Thompson MA, Wicher SA, Manlove LJ, Roesler A, Fang YH, Roos C, Smith L, Miller JD, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Smooth muscle brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to airway hyperreactivity in a mouse model of allergic asthma. FASEB J 2019; 33:3024-3034. [PMID: 30351991 PMCID: PMC6338659 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801002r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated an effect of neurotrophins, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), on airway contractility [ via increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i] and remodeling (ASM proliferation and extracellular matrix formation) in the context of airway disease. In the present study, we examined the role of BDNF in allergen-induced airway inflammation using 2 transgenic models: 1) tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) conditional knockin (TrkBKI) mice allowing for inducible, reversible disruption of BDNF receptor kinase activity by administration of 1NMPP1, a PP1 derivative, and 2) smooth muscle-specific BDNF knockout (BDNFfl/fl/SMMHC11Cre/0) mice. Adult mice were intranasally challenged with PBS or mixed allergen ( Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, house dust mite, and ovalbumin) for 4 wk. Our data show that administration of 1NMPP1 in TrkBKI mice during the 4-wk allergen challenge blunted airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and reduced fibronectin mRNA expression in ASM layers but did not reduce inflammation per se. Smooth muscle-specific deletion of BDNF reduced AHR and blunted airway fibrosis but did not significantly alter airway inflammation. Together, our novel data indicate that TrkB signaling is a key modulator of AHR and that smooth muscle-derived BDNF mediates these effects during allergic airway inflammation.-Britt, R. D., Jr., Thompson, M. A., Wicher, S. A., Manlove, L. J., Roesler, A., Fang, Y.-H., Roos, C., Smith, L., Miller, J. D., Pabelick, C. M., Prakash, Y. S. Smooth muscle brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to airway hyperreactivity in a mouse model of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D. Britt
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael A. Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Sarah A. Wicher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Logan J. Manlove
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Anne Roesler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Yun-Hua Fang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carolyn Roos
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Leslie Smith
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
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42
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Tian B, Liu Z, Litvinov J, Maroto R, Jamaluddin M, Rytting E, Patrikeev I, Ochoa L, Vargas G, Motamedi M, Ameredes BT, Zhou J, Brasier AR. Efficacy of Novel Highly Specific Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 Inhibitors in Innate Inflammation-Driven Airway Remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:68-83. [PMID: 30153047 PMCID: PMC6348724 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0445oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB/RelA triggers innate inflammation by binding to bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an atypical histone acetyltransferase (HAT). Although RelA·BRD4 HAT mediates acute neutrophilic inflammation, its role in chronic and functional airway remodeling is not known. We observed that BRD4 is required for Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated mesenchymal transition, a cell-state change that is characteristic of remodeling. We therefore tested two novel highly selective BRD4 inhibitors, ZL0420 and ZL0454, for their effects on chronic airway remodeling produced by repetitive TLR3 agonist challenges, and compared their efficacy with that of two nonselective bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors, JQ1 and RVX208. We observed that ZL0420 and ZL0454 more potently reduced polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-induced weight loss and fibrosis as assessed by microcomputed tomography and second harmonic generation microscopy. These measures correlated with the collagen deposition observed in histopathology. Importantly, the ZL inhibitors were more effective than the nonselective BET inhibitors at equivalent doses. The ZL inhibitors had significant effects on lung physiology, reversing TLR3-associated airway hyperresponsiveness and increasing lung compliance in vivo. At the molecular level, ZL inhibitors reduced elaboration of the transforming growth factor-β-induced growth program, thereby preventing mucosal mesenchymal transition and disrupting BRD4 HAT activity and complex formation with RelA. We also observed that ZL0454 treatment blocked polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-associated expansion of the α-SMA1+/COL1A+ myofibroblast population and prevented myofibroblast transition in a coculture system. We conclude that 1) BRD4 is a central effector of the mesenchymal transition that results in paracrine activation of myofibroblasts, mechanistically linking innate inflammation to airway hyperresponsiveness and fibrosis, and 2) highly selective BRD4 inhibitors may be effective in reversing the effects of repetitive airway viral infections on innate inflammation-mediated remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bill T. Ameredes
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Institute for Translational Sciences
- Sealy Center for Environmental Health and Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Jia Zhou
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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43
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Campa CC, Silva RL, Margaria JP, Pirali T, Mattos MS, Kraemer LR, Reis DC, Grosa G, Copperi F, Dalmarco EM, Lima-Júnior RCP, Aprile S, Sala V, Dal Bello F, Prado DS, Alves-Filho JC, Medana C, Cassali GD, Tron GC, Teixeira MM, Ciraolo E, Russo RC, Hirsch E. Inhalation of the prodrug PI3K inhibitor CL27c improves lung function in asthma and fibrosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5232. [PMID: 30542075 PMCID: PMC6290777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K activation plays a central role in the development of pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling. PI3K inhibitors may thus offer an improved therapeutic opportunity to treat non-resolving lung inflammation but their action is limited by unwanted on-target systemic toxicity. Here we present CL27c, a prodrug pan-PI3K inhibitor designed for local therapy, and investigate whether inhaled CL27c is effective in asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Mice inhaling CL27c show reduced insulin-evoked Akt phosphorylation in lungs, but no change in other tissues and no increase in blood glycaemia, in line with a local action. In murine models of acute or glucocorticoid-resistant neutrophilic asthma, inhaled CL27c reduces inflammation and improves lung function. Finally, inhaled CL27c administered in a therapeutic setting protects from bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, ultimately leading to significantly improved survival. Therefore, local delivery of a pan-PI3K inhibitor prodrug reduces systemic on-target side effects but effectively treats asthma and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Activation of PI3K plays a role in pulmonary inflammation. Here, the authors develop a drug inhibitor of PI3K, and show that it inhibits lung inflammation and damage in mouse models of asthma and lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo C Campa
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Rangel L Silva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jean P Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Tracey Pirali
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Matheus S Mattos
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas R Kraemer
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Diego C Reis
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.,Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Giorgio Grosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Eduardo M Dalmarco
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Rua Delfino Conti, S/N, Florianopolis, 88040-370, Brazil
| | - Roberto C P Lima-Júnior
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Fortaleza, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Douglas Silva Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Geovanni D Cassali
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy.,Kither Biotech S.r.l., Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elisa Ciraolo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy. .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Remo C Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Kither Biotech S.r.l., Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
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44
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Ambhore NS, Katragadda R, Raju Kalidhindi RS, Thompson MA, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Sathish V. Estrogen receptor beta signaling inhibits PDGF induced human airway smooth muscle proliferation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:37-47. [PMID: 29680290 PMCID: PMC6120801 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell hyperplasia driven by persistent inflammation is a hallmark feature of remodeling in asthma. Sex steroid signaling in the lungs is of considerable interest, given epidemiological data showing more asthma in pre-menopausal women and aging men. Our previous studies demonstrated that estrogen receptor (ER) expression increases in asthmatic human ASM; however, very limited data are available regarding differential roles of ERα vs. ERβ isoforms in human ASM cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of selective ERα and ERβ modulators on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated ASM proliferation and the mechanisms involved. Asthmatic and non-asthmatic primary human ASM cells were treated with PDGF, 17β-estradiol, ERα-agonist and/or ERβ-agonist and/or G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30/GPER) agonist and proliferation was measured using MTT and CyQuant assays followed by cell cycle analysis. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) ERα and ERβ significantly altered the human ASM proliferation. The specificity of siRNA transfection was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Gene and protein expression of cell cycle-related antigens (PCNA and Ki67) and C/EBP were measured by RT-PCR and Western analysis, along with cell signaling proteins. PDGF significantly increased ASM proliferation in non-asthmatic and asthmatic cells. Treatment with PPT showed no significant effect on PDGF-induced proliferation, whereas WAY interestingly suppressed proliferation via inhibition of ERK1/2, Akt, and p38 signaling. PDGF-induced gene expression of PCNA, Ki67 and C/EBP in human ASM was significantly lower in cells pre-treated with WAY. Furthermore, WAY also inhibited PDGF-activated PCNA, C/EBP, cyclin-D1, and cyclin-E. Overall, we demonstrate ER isoform-specific signaling in the context of ASM proliferation. Activation of ERβ can diminish remodeling in human ASM by inhibiting pro-proliferative signaling pathways, and may point to a novel perception for blunting airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rathnavali Katragadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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45
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Hong GH, Park SY, Kwon HS, Bang BR, Lee J, Kim SY, Pack CG, Kim S, Moon KA, Kim TB, Moon HB, Cho YS. IL-32γ attenuates airway fibrosis by modulating the integrin-FAK signaling pathway in fibroblasts. Respir Res 2018; 19:188. [PMID: 30257681 PMCID: PMC6158920 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis in severe asthma often leads to irreversible organ dysfunction. However, the mechanism that regulates fibrosis remains poorly understood. Interleukin (IL)-32 plays a role in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including severe asthma. In this study, we investigated whether IL-32 is involved in fibrosis progression in the lungs. Methods Murine models of chronic airway inflammation induced by ovalbumin and Aspergillus melleus protease and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis were employed. We evaluated the degree of tissue fibrosis after treatment with recombinant IL-32γ (rIL-32γ). Expression of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was examined and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-related signaling pathways was evaluated in activated human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells) treated with rIL-32γ. Results rIL-32γ significantly attenuated collagen deposition and α-SMA production in both mouse models. rIL-32γ inhibited the production of fibronectin and α-SMA in MRC-5 cells stimulated with TGF-β. Additionally, rIL-32γ suppressed activation of the integrin-FAK-paxillin signaling axis but had no effect on the Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. rIL-32γ localized outside of MRC-5 cells and inhibited the interaction between integrins and the extracellular matrix without directly binding to intracellular FAK and paxillin. Conclusions These results demonstrate that IL-32γ has anti-fibrotic effects and is a novel target for preventing fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0863-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyong Hwa Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Internal medicine, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyouk-Soo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Bang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Jaechun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Ai Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Hee-Bom Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
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46
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Paw M, Wnuk D, Kądziołka D, Sęk A, Lasota S, Czyż J, Madeja Z, Michalik M. Fenofibrate Reduces the Asthma-Related Fibroblast-To-Myofibroblast Transition by TGF-Β/Smad2/3 Signaling Attenuation and Connexin 43-Dependent Phenotype Destabilization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092571. [PMID: 30158495 PMCID: PMC6163263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of human bronchial fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) leads to the formation of highly contractile myofibroblasts in the process of the fibroblast–myofibroblast transition (FMT). This process is crucial for subepithelial fibrosis and bronchial wall remodeling in asthma. However, this process evades current therapeutic asthma treatment strategies. Since our previous studies showed the attenuation of the TGF-β1-induced FMT in response to lipid-lowering agents (e.g., statins), we were interested to see whether a corresponding effect could be obtained upon administration of hypolipidemic agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of fenofibrate on FMT efficiency in populations of bronchial fibroblasts derived from asthmatic patients. Fenofibrate exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the FMT, even though it did not efficiently affect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; marker of myofibroblasts); however, it considerably reduced its incorporation into stress fibers through connexin 43 regulation. This effect was accompanied by disturbances in the actin cytoskeleton architecture, impairments in the maturation of focal adhesions, and the fenofibrate-induced deactivation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling. These data suggest that fenofibrate interferes with myofibroblastic differentiation during asthma-related subepithelial fibrosis. The data indicate the potential application of fenofibrate in the therapy and prevention of bronchial remodeling during the asthmatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paw
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dominika Kądziołka
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Sęk
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Lasota
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marta Michalik
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
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47
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Lund RJ, Osmala M, Malonzo M, Lukkarinen M, Leino A, Salmi J, Vuorikoski S, Turunen R, Vuorinen T, Akdis C, Lähdesmäki H, Lahesmaa R, Jartti T. Atopic asthma after rhinovirus-induced wheezing is associated with DNA methylation change in the SMAD3 gene promoter. Allergy 2018; 73:1735-1740. [PMID: 29729188 PMCID: PMC6055882 DOI: 10.1111/all.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Children with rhinovirus‐induced severe early wheezing have an increased risk of developing asthma later in life. The exact molecular mechanisms for this association are still mostly unknown. To identify potential changes in the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in rhinovirus‐associated atopic or nonatopic asthma, we analyzed a cohort of 5‐year‐old children (n = 45) according to the virus etiology of the first severe wheezing episode at the mean age of 13 months and to 5‐year asthma outcome. The development of atopic asthma in children with early rhinovirus‐induced wheezing was associated with DNA methylation changes at several genomic sites in chromosomal regions previously linked to asthma. The strongest changes in atopic asthma were detected in the promoter region of SMAD3 gene at chr 15q22.33 and introns of DDO/METTL24 genes at 6q21. These changes were validated to be present also at the average age of 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Lund
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Turku Finland
| | - M. Osmala
- Department of Information and Computer Science; Aalto University; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. Malonzo
- Department of Information and Computer Science; Aalto University; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. Lukkarinen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Turku University Hospital; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - A. Leino
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Turku University Hospital; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - J. Salmi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Turku Finland
| | - S. Vuorikoski
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Turku Finland
| | - R. Turunen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Turku University Hospital; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Department of Virology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - T. Vuorinen
- Department of Virology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Department of Clinical Virology; Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
| | - C. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
| | - H. Lähdesmäki
- Department of Information and Computer Science; Aalto University; Helsinki Finland
| | - R. Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Turku Finland
| | - T. Jartti
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Turku University Hospital; University of Turku; Turku Finland
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48
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Reichard A, Wanner N, Stuehr E, Alemagno M, Weiss K, Queisser K, Erzurum S, Asosingh K. Quantification of airway fibrosis in asthma by flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2018; 93:952-958. [PMID: 29659138 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Airway fibrosis is a prominent feature of asthma, contributing to the detrimental consequences of the disease. Fibrosis in the airway is the result of collagen deposition in the reticular lamina layer of the subepithelial tissue. Myofibroblasts are the leading cell type involved with this collagen deposition. Established methods of collagen deposition quantification present various issues, most importantly their inability to quantify current collagen biosynthesis occurring in airway myofibroblasts. Here, a novel method to quantify myofibroblast collagen expression in asthmatic lungs is described. Single cell suspensions of lungs harvested from C57BL/6 mice in a standard house dust mite model of asthma were employed to establish a flow cytometric method and compare collagen production in asthmatic and non-asthmatic lungs. Cells found to be CD45- αSMA+ , indicative of myofibroblasts, were gated, and median fluorescence intensity of the anti-collagen-I antibody labeling the cells was calculated. Lung myofibroblasts with no, medium, or high levels of collagen-I expression were distinguished. In asthmatic animals, collagen-I levels were increased in both medium and high expressers, and the number of myofibroblasts with high collagen-I content was elevated. Our findings determined that quantification of collagen-I deposition in myofibroblastic lung cells by flow cytometry is feasible in mouse models of asthma and indicative of increased collagen-I expression by asthmatic myofibroblasts. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Reichard
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mario Alemagno
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kelly Weiss
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kimberly Queisser
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Respiratory Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Flow Cytometry Core, Lerner Research Institute The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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49
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Kim BS, Lee E, Lee MJ, Kang MJ, Yoon J, Cho HJ, Park J, Won S, Lee SY, Hong SJ. Different functional genes of upper airway microbiome associated with natural course of childhood asthma. Allergy 2018; 73:644-652. [PMID: 29052232 DOI: 10.1111/all.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial colonization of the airway plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma; however, the effect of the upper airway microbiome on childhood asthma is not fully understood. We analyzed the metagenome of airway microbiome to understand the associated role of upper airway microbiome with the natural course of childhood asthma. METHODS Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children with asthma, those in asthma remission, and control groups. High-throughput sequencing was used to examine the structure and functional dynamics of the airway microbiome with respect to asthma phenotypes. RESULTS The composition of microbiota differed among healthy control, asthma, and remission groups. The relative abundance of Streptococcus was negatively associated with FEV1% predicted (P = .023) and that of Staphylococcus was negatively associated with methacholine PC20 (P = .013). Genes related to arachidonic acid metabolites, lysine residues, and glycosaminoglycans in the microbiome could be associated with airway inflammation. In particular, genes related to synthesis of anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) were not detected from the airway microbiome in the asthma group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that alterations in the composition and function of the upper airway microbiome could be related with the natural course of asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.-S. Kim
- Department of Life Science; Multidisciplinary Genome Institute; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - E. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
| | - M.-J. Lee
- Department of Life Science; Multidisciplinary Genome Institute; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - M.-J. Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Science; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J. Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics; Childhood Asthma Atopy Center; Environmental Health Center; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - H.-J. Cho
- Department of Pediatrics; Childhood Asthma Atopy Center; Environmental Health Center; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J. Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - S. Won
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Public Health Science; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - S. Y. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics; Childhood Asthma Atopy Center; Environmental Health Center; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - S. J. Hong
- Department of Pediatrics; Childhood Asthma Atopy Center; Environmental Health Center; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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50
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits inflammation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through the PI3K/AKT pathway via upregulation of PTEN in asthma. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:818-828. [PMID: 29207033 PMCID: PMC5752157 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease associated with hyper-responsiveness, obstruction and remodeling of the airways. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has an important role in these alterations and may account for the accumulation of subepithelial mesenchymal cells, thus contributing to airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. Epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is a type of polyphenol, is the most potent ingredient in green tea, and exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidative, anticancer and chemopreventive activities. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the protective effects of EGCG against asthma and other lung diseases. In the present study, the role of EGCG in ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged asthmatic mice was determined. In addition, the inhibitory effects of EGCG against transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT and migration of 16HBE cells, and the underlying mechanisms of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, were investigated by immunofluorescence, Transwell, wound healing assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The results indicated that EGCG may suppress inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs of OVA-challenged asthmatic mice, and may also inhibit EMT via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through upregulating the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in vivo and in vitro. The present study also revealed the anti-migratory effects of EGCG in TGF-β1-induced 16HBE cells, thus suggesting it may reduce airway remodeling. The present study provides a novel insight into understanding the protective effects of EGCG on airway remodeling in asthma, and indicates that EGCG may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for bronchial asthma.
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