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Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Yao W, Wang J, Yang W, Li N, Xie J, Chen F. Chinese herbal medicines: The modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease targeting oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116927. [PMID: 37532073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a natural treasure trove; their secondary metabolites participate in several pharmacological processes, making them a crucial component in the synthesis of novel pharmaceuticals and serving as a reserve resource foundation in this process. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of progression to hepatitis and liver cancer. The "Treatise on Febrile Diseases," "Compendium of Materia Medica," and "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" have listed herbal remedies to treat liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD owing to their efficacy and low side effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NAFLD, and the impact and potential mechanism of ROS on the pathogenesis of NAFLD are discussed in this review. Furthermore, common foods and herbs that can be used to prevent NAFLD, as well as the structure-activity relationships and potential mechanisms, are discussed. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI database, Google Scholar, and WanFang database were searched for natural products that have been used to treat or prevent NAFLD in the past five years. The primary search was performed using the following keywords in different combinations in full articles: NAFLD, herb, natural products, medicine, and ROS. More than 400 research papers and review articles were found and analyzed in this review. RESULTS By classifying and discussing the literature, we obtained 86 herbaceous plants, 28 of which were derived from food and 58 from Chinese herbal medicines. The mechanism of NAFLD was proposed through experimental studies on thirteen natural compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ursolic acid, berberine, honokiol, emodin). The occurrence and progression of NAFLD could be prevented by natural antioxidants through several pathways to prevent ROS accumulation and reduce hepatic cell injuries caused by excessive ROS. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the natural products and routinely used herbs (prescription) in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Firstly, the mechanisms by which natural products improve NAFLD through antioxidant pathways are elucidated. Secondly, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine theory in improving NAFLD is discussed, highlighting the safety of food-medicine homology and the broader clinical potential of multi-component formulations in improving NAFLD. Aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Ghosh B, Guidry HJ, Johnston M, Bohnert KA. A Fat-Promoting Botanical Extract From Artemisia scoparia Exerts Geroprotective Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans Life Span and Stress Resistance. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1112-1120. [PMID: 35167659 PMCID: PMC9159661 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other biological processes, aging is not random but subject to molecular control. Natural products that modify core metabolic parameters, including fat content, may provide entry points to extend animal life span and promote healthy aging. Here, we show that a botanical extract from Artemisia scoparia (SCO), which promotes fat storage and metabolic resiliency in mice, extends the life span of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by up to 40%. Notably, this life-span extension depends significantly on SCO's effects on fat; SCO-treated worms exhibit heightened levels of unsaturated fat, and inhibition of Δ9 desaturases, which oversee biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, prevents SCO-dependent fat accumulation and life-span extension. At an upstream signaling level, SCO prompts changes to C. elegans fat regulation by stimulating nuclear translocation of transcription factor DAF-16/FOXO, an event that requires AMP-activated protein kinase under this condition. Importantly, animals treated with SCO are not only long-lived but also show improved stress resistance in late adulthood, suggesting that this fat-promoting intervention may enhance some aspects of physiological health in older age. These findings identify SCO as a natural product that can modify fat regulation for longevity benefit and add to growing evidence indicating that elevated fat can be prolongevity in some circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hayden J Guidry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Maxwell Johnston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - K Adam Bohnert
- Address correspondence to: K. Adam Bohnert, PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Room 220, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. E-mail:
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Réggami Y, Benkhaled A, Boudjelal A, Berredjem H, Amamra A, Benyettou H, Larabi N, Senator A, Siracusa L, Ruberto G. Artemisia herba-alba aqueous extract improves insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in rodent model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:541-550. [PMID: 31464524 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1659825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fructose consumption is associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in human and animal models. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the ability of an aqueous extract of Artemisia herba-alba Asso (AH) to ameliorate fructose-induced MetS in Male Wistar rats. METHODS AH extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w./day was administered for six weeks to MetS animals. RESULTS Liquid fructose (10% w/v) intake did not vary total animal body weight, whereas, it produced moderate hyperglycemia associated with metabolic and histological alterations. Treating MetS rats with AH extract improved insulin sensitivity, alleviated atherogenic dyslipidaemia and decreased lipid deposition in their hepatic tissues. Additionally, AH extract was found to raise GSH level and antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GST and CAT) activities in rat livers homogenates. CONCLUSION The results here reported demonstrated, for the first time, that A. herba-alba have therapeutic proprieties against fructose-induced MetS in rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Réggami
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Abderrahim Benkhaled
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Amel Boudjelal
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Hajira Berredjem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Amani Amamra
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Halima Benyettou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Nadia Larabi
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Senator
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas-Setif University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Catania, Italy
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Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia promotes adipogenesis in the absence of adipogenic effectors. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1309-1319. [PMID: 34227239 PMCID: PMC8883808 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracts of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) have antidiabetic properties in mice and enhance adipogenesis in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone (ROSI), are pharmacological activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma that also promote adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine adipogenic pathways responsible for SCO-mediated adipogenesis and identify potential differences between SCO and ROSI in the ability to promote adipocyte development. METHODS The ability of SCO or ROSI to promote adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells following systematic omission of the common triad of adipogenic effectors dexamethasone, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX), and insulin was examined. Adipogenesis was assessed by both neutral lipid quantitation and adipocyte marker gene expression. RESULTS The results demonstrate that SCO and ROSI promote adipogenesis and increase the expression of several peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target genes involved in lipid accumulation in the absence of MIX. However, ROSI can enhance adipogenesis in the absence of MIX and insulin and differentially regulates adipogenic and lipid metabolism genes as compared with SCO. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the adipogenic capabilities of SCO are similar but not identical to ROSI, thereby warranting further research into SCO as a promising source of therapeutic compounds in the treatment of metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
- To whom correspondence should be addressed Jacqueline Stephens, Louisiana State University, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, Phone (225) 763-2648, FAX (225) 578-2597,
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Ding J, Wang L, He C, Zhao J, Si L, Huang H. Artemisia scoparia: Traditional uses, active constituents and pharmacological effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113960. [PMID: 33636317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia scoparia Waldst.et Kit (A. scoparia), is an important medicinal plant mainly distributed in China, Korea, Japan, Pakistan, India, Central Europe, Saudi Arabia and Iran. It has been used for a long history to treat fever, inflammation, jaundice, and infection, but systematic reviews about the medicinal uses of A. scoparia are still lacking. AIM OF THE STUDY This review is to provide up-to-date information on A. scoparia, including its botanical characteristics, medicinal resources, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects, in exploring therapeutic and scientific potentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information related to this article was systematically collected from the scientific literature databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, local books, PhD and MS dissertations, and other web sources. RESULTS Herein a total of 102 compounds, such as flavonoids, coumarins, chromones, steroids, volatile oil and phenolic acid isolated from A. scoparia are summarized. Among these compounds, the effects of flavonoids, coumarins and phenolic acids were extensively studied. We have comprehensively summarized modern pharmacological studies on A. scoparia and demonstrated A. scoparia and its active components have a wide range of pharmaceutical activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, liver protection, antiatherogenic, antiviral as well as neuroprotective functions. CONCLUSIONS As an important Chinese medicinal plant, modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that A. scoparia has diverse bioactivities, especially on liver protection and anti-inflammatory activities. These prominent bioactivities highlight prospects on new drug development. Nevertheless, the comprehensive evaluation, long-term in vivo toxicity, and clinical efficacy of A. scoparia require further in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Ding
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Lijun Si
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China.
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Ibrahim KG, Mukonowenzou NC, Usman D, Adeshina KA, Erlwanger KH. The potential of Artemisia species for use as broad-spectrum agents in the management of metabolic syndrome: a review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 129:752-770. [PMID: 33569991 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1871761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, is increasing globally, there is no broad-spectrum agent for its holistic treatment. Natural plant-derived products with a wide spectrum of biological activities are currently being explored as alternatives in the management of diseases. Artemisia species are a heterozygous group of plants of the Compositae family that possess several health benefits. Here we highlight their antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidaemic, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties among others. These activities have been linked to the presence of phytochemicals that act on several molecular targets to exert their effects and the species of Artemisia are considered to be relatively safe. Artemisia species offer significant anti-MetS activity and thus are strong therapeutic candidates for the effective management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Nyasha Charity Mukonowenzou
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Dawoud Usman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy Honey Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Wang M, Wang B, Wang S, Lu H, Wu H, Ding M, Ying L, Mao Y, Li Y. Effect of Quercetin on Lipids Metabolism Through Modulating the Gut Microbial and AMPK/PPAR Signaling Pathway in Broilers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616219. [PMID: 33634119 PMCID: PMC7900412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate effects and mechanism of quercetin on lipids metabolism in broilers. 480 AA broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg quercetin) for 42 days. Compared with the control, 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly decreased percentage of abdominal fat (P < 0.05); 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly decreased relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01; P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01); 0.2 g/kg quercetin significantly increased mRNA expression of PI3K, AMPKα1, AMPKα2, AMPKβ2, LKB1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and significantly reduced mRNA expression of SREBP1 and PPARγ (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); 0.4 g/kg quercetin significantly increased mRNA expression of LKB1 and PKB (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and significantly reduced mRNA expression of ACC, HMGR, PPARγ, and SREBP1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01); 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly increased mRNA expression of AMPKγ, LKB1, CPT1, PPARα, PKB (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05), and significantly reduced the mRNA expression of PI3K, ACC, HMGR, PPARγ, SREBP1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01); 0.2 g/kg quercetin significantly increased protein expression of AMPK (P < 0.01); 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly increased protein expression of LKB1 (P < 0.01), 0.2 and 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly increased protein expression of PI3K, PKB, CPT1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), and significantly reduced protein expression of ACC and SREBP1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). In conclusion, quercetin improved lipid metabolism by modulating gut microbial and AMPK/PPAR signaling pathway in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Lu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Manyi Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Ying
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjun Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia and Metabolic Health: Untapped Potential of an Ancient Remedy for Modern Use. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727061. [PMID: 35211087 PMCID: PMC8861327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals have a long history of medicinal use for a multitude of ailments, and many modern pharmaceuticals were originally isolated from plants or derived from phytochemicals. Among these, artemisinin, first isolated from Artemisia annua, is the foundation for standard anti-malarial therapies. Plants of the genus Artemisia are among the most common herbal remedies across Asia and Central Europe. The species Artemisia scoparia (SCOPA) is widely used in traditional folk medicine for various liver diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as for infections, fever, pain, cancer, and diabetes. Modern in vivo and in vitro studies have now investigated SCOPA's effects on these pathologies and its ability to mitigate hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, and other disease states. This review focuses on the effects of SCOPA that are particularly relevant to metabolic health. Indeed, in recent years, an ethanolic extract of SCOPA has been shown to enhance differentiation of cultured adipocytes and to share some properties of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin-sensitizing agonists of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, SCOPA diet supplementation lowered fasting insulin and glucose levels, while inducing metabolically favorable changes in adipose tissue and liver. These observations are consistent with many lines of evidence from various tissues and cell types known to contribute to metabolic homeostasis, including immune cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta-cells. Compounds belonging to several classes of phytochemicals have been implicated in these effects, and we provide an overview of these bioactives. The ongoing global epidemics of obesity and metabolic disease clearly require novel therapeutic approaches. While the mechanisms involved in SCOPA's effects on metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways are not fully characterized, current data support further investigation of this plant and its bioactives as potential therapeutic agents in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and many other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
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Salazar-Gómez A, Ontiveros-Rodríguez JC, Pablo-Pérez SS, Vargas-Díaz ME, Garduño-Siciliano L. The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome - A review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF BOTANISTS = SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDE : AMPTELIKE TYDSKRIF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE GENOOTSKAP VAN PLANTKUNDIGES 2020; 135:240-251. [PMID: 32963416 PMCID: PMC7493762 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic disorders related to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In latter years, plant secondary metabolites have become of special interest because of their potential role in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a large and diverse group of biologically active compounds widely distributed in several medicinal plants used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The structural diversity and the broad spectrum of biological activities of these compounds drew significant interests in the pharmacological applications. This review describes selected sesquiterpene lactones that have been experimentally validated for their biological activities related to risk factors of metabolic syndrome, together with their mechanisms of action. The potential beneficial effects of sesquiterpene lactones discussed in this review demonstrate that these substances represent remarkable compounds with a diversity of molecular structure and high biological activity, providing new insights into the possible role in metabolic syndrome management.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin I-converting enzyme
- AMPK, activated protein kinase
- APOC3, apolipoprotein C3
- AT, adipose tissue
- Antidiabetic
- CAT, catalase
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FFA, free fatty acids
- FN, fibronectin
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GK, glucokinase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol
- Hypoglycemic
- Hypolipidemic
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IR, insulin resistance
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- Medicinal plants
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLns, sesquiterpene lactones
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Sesquiterpene lactones
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta
- TLRs, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio C Ontiveros-Rodríguez
- CONACYT - Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Saudy S Pablo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Gao S, Wang T, Huang X, Jin Y, Xu Y, Xi Y, Zhang J, Luo Y, Xu H, Guo H, Ke D, Wang J. Exploring the protective effect of Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction against hepatic steatosis and inflammation by network pharmacology and validation in ageing rats. Chin Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Based on therapy with syndrome differentiation and clinical studies on Xiaochaihu decoction (XCHD), we hypothesize that Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction (MXD) has an ability to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to elucidate the pharmacological efficacy of MXD and its mechanism in the treatment of NAFLD by network pharmacology and experimental validation.
Methods
The active ingredients in MXD and their potential targets were identified using network analysis followed by experimental validation. First, we used data on the ingredients and targets obtained from professional database and related literature to do PPI network analysis, GO functional analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Core targets identified by network pharmacology were then tested in natural ageing female rats model. Indexes of lipid and glucose homeostasis were determined enzymatically and/or histologically. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and/or Western blot (WB).
Results
In total, 4009 NAFLD-related targets and 1953 chemical ingredients of MXD were obtained. In-depth network analysis of 140 common targets indicated that MXD played a critical role in anti-NAFLD via multiple targets and pathways. Based on the data of PPI analysis, GO functional enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and literatures on the mechanism of NAFLD, we chose the core targets related to lipid metabolism (SREBP-1c, ChREBP, FASN, PPARα, and ACACA) and inflammation (IL-6 and NF-κB) to do further study. Significantly, in further animal verification experiment we using naturally ageing rats with NAFLD as a model, we found that MXD administration ameliorated age-related NAFLD and mechanistically down-regulated the mRNA/protein expression of core targets in lipid metabolism and inflammation related pathways such as FASN, ACACA, IL-6, and NF-κB. In addition, 12 of 24 potential ingredients acting on verified targets came from BC, and 11 of 24 potential ingredients acting on verified targets were derived from SM, implying that both BC and SM served as the key role in MXD against NAFLD.
Conclusion
The bioinformatics data and in vivo experimental results suggest that the MXD-induced amelioration of NAFLD may be predominantly related to modulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Both BC and SM serve as the key role in MXD against NAFLD. These results may provide novel evidence for clinical implication of MXD.
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11
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Boudreau A, Burke S, Collier J, Richard AJ, Ribnicky DM, Stephens JM. Mechanisms of Artemisia scoparia's Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Cultured Adipocytes, Macrophages, and Pancreatic β-Cells. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1726-1735. [PMID: 32741148 PMCID: PMC7483878 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) improves adipose tissue function and reduces negative metabolic consequences of high-fat feeding. A. scoparia has a long history of medicinal use across Asia and has anti-inflammatory effects in various cell types and disease models. The objective of the current study was to investigate SCO's effects on inflammation in cells relevant to metabolic health. METHODS Inflammatory responses were assayed in cultured adipocytes, macrophages, and insulinoma cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and NF-κB reporter assays. RESULTS In tumor necrosis factor α-treated adipocytes, SCO mitigated ERK and NF-κB signaling as well as transcriptional responses but had no effect on fatty acid-binding protein 4 secretion. SCO also reduced levels of deleted in breast cancer 1 protein in adipocytes and inhibited inflammatory gene expression in stimulated macrophages. Finally, in pancreatic β-cells, SCO decreased NF-κB-responsive promoter activity induced by IL-1β treatment. CONCLUSIONS SCO's ability to promote adipocyte development and function is thought to mediate its insulin-sensitizing actions in vivo. Our findings that SCO inhibits inflammatory responses through at least two distinct signaling pathways (ERK and NF-κB) in three cell types known to contribute to metabolic disease reveal that SCO may act more broadly than previously thought to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Susan Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | | | - David M. Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Jacqueline Stephens, Louisiana State University, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, Phone (225) 763-2648, FAX (225) 578-2597,
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12
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Cho JY, Park KH, Hwang DY, Lee SY, Moon JH, Ju Lee Y, Park KD, Ham KS. Three new decenynol glucosides from Artemisia scoparia (Asteraceae). JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:795-802. [PMID: 31359770 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1646729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three new decenynol glucosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia. Their structures were determined to be 6E,8Z-decadien-4-yn-ol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 6E,8E-decadien-4-yn-ol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 6E-decen-4-yn-ol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside based on extensive spectroscopic (NMR and MS) analysis. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Do-Young Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Moon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ki Deok Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Ham
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
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13
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Shen C, Huang XY, Geng CA, Li TZ, Tang S, Su LH, Gao Z, Zhang XM, Hu J, Chen JJ. Artemlavanins A and B from Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Their Cytotoxicity Against Hepatic Stellate Cell Line LX2. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:243-250. [PMID: 32583278 PMCID: PMC7367947 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new sesquiterpenoids, artemlavanins A (1) and B (3), together with fifteen known compounds (2 and 4-17) were isolated from the EtOH extract of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR) and ECD calculations. Compound 1 was a sesquiterpenoid lactone possessing a rearranged eudesmane skeleton; compounds 2-5, 6-8, 9 and 10-12 belonged to the eudesmane, guaiane, oppositane and farnesane sesquiterpenoids, respectively; compounds 13-17 were the phenyl derivatives with a 4-hydroxyacetophenone moiety. Twelve compounds (1-3, 5-7, 10-12, 14, 15 and 17) displayed cytotoxicity against hepatic stellate cell line LX2 (HSC-LX2) with IC50 values ranging from 35.1 to 370.3 μM. Compounds 2, 7, 10-12 and 17 exhibited the stronger cytotoxicity than silybin (IC50, 169.6 μM) with IC50 values of 82.1, 35.1, 95.0, 83.8, 81.6 and 90.1 μM. Compound 7 as the most active one showed significant inhibition on the deposition of human collagen type I (Col I), human hyaluronic acid (HA) and human laminin (HL) with IC50 values of 10.7, 24.5 and 13.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Li C, Li X, Wu C, Zhou H, Lu S, Liu X. Trimetazidine improves hepatic lipogenesis and steatosis in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease via AMPK‑ChREBP pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2174-2182. [PMID: 32705195 PMCID: PMC7411376 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have demonstrated that trimetazidine (TMZ) possesses a synergistic hypolipidemic effect together with statins, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of TMZ in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). By investigating the TMZ treatment of NAFLD, it was identified that high-fat diet (HFD) mice exhibit significant changes in several physiologic indices, including body weight, plasma lipids and glucose tolerance. Notably, hepatocyte bullous steatosis and fibrosis in HFD mice are greatly attenuated by 8 weeks of TMZ treatments. The results of the present study also indicated that the expression of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were all significantly reduced in the HFD + TMZ group compared with the HFD group. In order to confirm the hypothesis in vitro, the palmitate-treated liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was employed and similar results were obtained in TMZ-treated HepG2 cells. Furthermore, TMZ markedly upregulated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and reduced the expression of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the cells, while these effects controlled by TMZ were abolished by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. The present study reported that knockdown of FOXO1 expression by FOXO1 small interfering RNA resulted in a reduction of ChREBP protein expression and post-transcriptional activity. In summary, for the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study revealed a novel role of TMZ in hepatic steatosis; TMZ ameliorated ChREBP-induced de novo lipogenesis by activating the AMPK-FOXO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of The Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, P.R. China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of The Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xingde Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guiyang College of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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15
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Yao Q, Li S, Cheng X, Zou Y, Shen Y, Zhang S. Yin Zhi Huang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, ameliorates diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by activating the AMPK/SREBP-1 and the AMPK/ACC/CPT1A pathways. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:231. [PMID: 32309378 PMCID: PMC7154390 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Yin Zhi Huang (YZH) is a formula composed of Artemisia scoparia, Gardeniae fructus, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Most of the components are eaten as food in Asia. Here, we evaluated the role of YZH on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal-chow diet, HFD, and HFD with low- or high-dose YZH for 16 weeks. Body weight gain, adipose mass, and plasma lipids levels were measured to evaluate the effect of YZH on obesity. Liver weight and staining methods on liver tissues were used to determine hepatic steatosis. The expression of involved genes and proteins were screened with qRT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Results The results showed that YZH significantly reduced body weight gain, adipose mass, and the size of adipocytes, while did not affect food intake in HFD-fed mice. H&E staining, bodipy staining, and oil red O staining displayed that YZH alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation. It also effectively restored elevated plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in HFD-fed mice. Mechanistically, these effects of YZH have associated with a decrease of AMPK/SREBP-1 pathway-mediated de novo lipogenesis and an increase of AMPK/ACC/CPT1A pathway-mediated mitochondrial fatty acid β oxidation. Conclusions YZH supplementation ameliorated diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by decreasing AMPK/SREBP-1 pathway-mediated de novo lipogenesis and increasing AMPK/ACC/CPT1A pathway-mediated mitochondrial fatty acid β oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinlai Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yanting Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuncai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
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Furman BL, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK, Veettil SK. Reduction of blood glucose by plant extracts and their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; discrepancies in effectiveness between animal and human studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112264. [PMID: 31600561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The global problem of diabetes, together with the limited access of large numbers of patients to conventional antidiabetic medicines, continues to drive the search for new agents. Ancient Asian systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese Kampo medicine, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, as well as African traditional medicine and many others have identified numerous plants reported anecdotally to treat diabetes; there are probably more than 800 such plants for which there is scientific evidence for their activity, mostly from studies using various models of diabetes in experimental animals. AIM OF THE REVIEW Rather than a comprehensive coverage of the literature, this article aims to identify discrepancies between findings in animal and human studies, and to highlight some of the problems in developing plant extract-based medicines that lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes, as well as to suggest potential ways forward. METHODS In addition to searching the 2018 PubMed literature using the terms 'extract AND blood glucose, a search of the whole literature was conducted using the terms 'plant extracts' AND 'blood glucose' AND 'diabetes' AND 'double blind' with 'clinical trials' as a filter. A third search using PubMed and Medline was undertaken for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose/glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with relevant metabolic pathologies. FINDINGS Despite numerous animal studies demonstrating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose, few randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to confirm efficacy in treating humans with diabetes; there have been only a small number of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of clinical studies. Qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between animal and human clinical studies in some cases were marked; the factors contributing to this included variations in the products among different studies, the doses used, differences between animal models and the human disease, and the impact of concomitant therapy in patients, as well as differences in the duration of treatment, and the fact that treatment in animals may begin before or very soon after the induction of diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential afforded by natural products has not yet been realised in the context of treating diabetes mellitus. A systematic, coordinated, international effort is required to achieve the goal of providing anti-diabetic treatments derived from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow, G4 ORE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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17
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Noor HB, Mou NA, Salem L, Shimul MF, Biswas S, Akther R, Khan S, Raihan S, Mohib MM, Sagor MA. Anti-inflammatory Property of AMP-activated Protein Kinase. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2-41. [PMID: 31530260 PMCID: PMC7460777 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190830100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the many debated topics in inflammation research is whether this scenario is really an accelerated form of human wound healing and immunityboosting or a push towards autoimmune diseases. The answer requires a better understanding of the normal inflammatory process, including the molecular pathology underlying the possible outcomes. Exciting recent investigations regarding severe human inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions have implicated molecular changes that are also linked to normal immunity, such as triggering factors, switching on and off, the influence of other diseases and faulty stem cell homeostasis, in disease progression and development. METHODS We gathered around and collected recent online researches on immunity, inflammation, inflammatory disorders and AMPK. We basically searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to assemble the studies which were published since 2010. RESULTS Our findings suggested that inflammation and related disorders are on the verge and interfere in the treatment of other diseases. AMPK serves as a key component that prevents various kinds of inflammatory signaling. In addition, our table and hypothetical figures may open a new door in inflammation research, which could be a greater therapeutic target for controlling diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and preventing autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION The relationship between immunity and inflammation becomes easily apparent. Yet, the essence of inflammation turns out to be so startling that the theory may not be instantly established and many possible arguments are raised for its clearance. However, this study might be able to reveal some possible approaches where AMPK can reduce or prevent inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Md A.T. Sagor
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Tel: +8801719130130; E-mail:
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Fu W, Ma Y, Li L, Liu J, Fu L, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Jiang H. Artemether Regulates Metaflammation to Improve Glycolipid Metabolism in db/db Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1703-1713. [PMID: 32547132 PMCID: PMC7245603 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s240786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemether, a commonly used artemisinin derivative, has been shown to possess potential antidiabetic activities. However, only limited information is available on the mechanisms of artemether in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in this study, we examined some of the possible mechanisms of artemether (ATM) upon glycolipid metabolism in the db/db mouse model of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db and C57BL/KsJ-db/+ mice at 4 weeks of age were divided into four groups (N=6/group): (1) NC (normal control - db/+ mice, 1% methylcellulose, intragastric administration), (2) DM (diabetic model - db/db mice, 1% methylcellulose, intragastric administration), (3) ATM 100 (DM + 100 mg/kg of artemether) and (4) ATM 200 (DM + 200 mg/kg of artemether). A number of assays related to diabetes were then performed following a 4-week period of these treatments. RESULTS Artemether at both doses significantly reduced rates of weight gain and fasting blood glucose levels, improved islet function and insulin resistance and reduced serum lipid levels to varying degrees in db/db mice. Artemether exerted a positive effect on islet vacuolar degeneration and hepatic steatosis, and increased expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase, glucose transporter 4 and Insulin receptor β protein in the liver of these db/db mice. With the use of liver protein chip detection, we found that artemether significantly improved the immune microenvironment, down-regulated the expression of inflammatory factors and activated the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway through cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. CONCLUSION Artemether may regulate glycolipid metabolism in db/db mice by improving the immune microenvironment. The results of this study provide important new information that can serve as the foundation for future research into the use of artemether as a means to improve glycolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Clinical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Clinical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Clinical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Clinical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liujun Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Clinical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Clinical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Clinical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Clinical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Clinical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongwei Jiang Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13653880139 Email
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Francini F, Schinella GR, Ríos JL. Activation of AMPK by Medicinal Plants and Natural Products: Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:880-901. [PMID: 30484403 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666181128120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by permanent hyperglycemia, whose development can be prevented or delayed by using therapeutic agents and implementing lifestyle changes. Some therapeutic alternatives include regulation of glycemia through modulation of different mediators and enzymes, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly relevant cellular energy sensor for metabolic homeostasis regulation, with particular relevance in the modulation of liver and muscle insulin sensitivity. This makes it a potential therapeutic target for antidiabetic drugs. In fact, some of them are standard drugs used for treatment of T2D, such as biguanides and thiazolidindiones. In this review, we compile the principal natural products that are activators of AMPK and their effect on glucose metabolism, which could make them candidates as future antidiabetic agents. Phenolics such as flavonoids and resveratrol, alkaloids such as berberine, and some saponins are potential natural activators of AMPK with a potential future as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Francini
- Centro de Endocrinologia Experimental y Aplicada, (CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Schinella
- Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Li J, Bai L, Wei F, Zhao J, Wang D, Xiao Y, Yan W, Wei J. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines Against Insulin Resistance: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:661. [PMID: 31258478 PMCID: PMC6587894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a condition in which insulin sensitivity is reduced and the insulin signaling pathway is impaired. Although often expressed as an increase in insulin concentration, the disease is characterized by a decrease in insulin action. This increased workload of the pancreas and the consequent decompensation are not only the main mechanisms for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also exacerbate the damage of metabolic diseases, including obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and others. Many clinical trials have suggested the potential role of herbs in the treatment of insulin resistance, although most of the clinical trials included in this review have certain flaws and bias risks in their methodological design, including the generation of randomization, the concealment of allocation, blinding, and inadequate reporting of sample size estimates. These studies involve not only the single-flavored herbs, but also herbal formulas, extracts, and active ingredients. Numerous of in vitro and in vivo studies have pointed out that the role of herbal medicine in improving insulin resistance is related to interventions in various aspects of the insulin signaling pathway. The targets involved in these studies include insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, glucose transporter, AMP-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3, mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor-kappaB, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Improved insulin sensitivity upon treatment with herbal medicine provides considerable prospects for treating insulin resistance. This article reviews studies of the target mechanisms of herbal treatments for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weitian Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Burrell JA, King WT, Dunn R, Schwarz JM, Ribnicky DM, Rood J, Salbaum JM, Stephens JM. An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia inhibits lipolysis in vivo and has antilipolytic effects on murine adipocytes in vitro. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1053-E1061. [PMID: 30153067 PMCID: PMC6293162 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00177.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) has metabolically favorable effects on adipocyte development and function in vitro and in vivo. In diet-induced obese mice, SCO supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels. Given the importance of adipocyte lipolysis in metabolic health, we hypothesized that SCO modulates lipolysis in vitro and in vivo. Free fatty acids and glycerol were measured in the sera of mice fed a high-fat diet with or without SCO supplementation. In cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the effects of SCO on lipolysis were assessed by measuring glycerol and free fatty acid release. Microarray analysis, qPCR, and immunoblotting were used to assess gene expression and protein abundance. We found that SCO supplementation of a high-fat diet in mice substantially reduces circulating glycerol and free fatty acid levels, and we observed a cell-autonomous effect of SCO to significantly attenuate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced lipolysis in cultured adipocytes. Although several prolipolytic and antilipolytic genes were identified by microarray analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue from SCO-fed mice, regulation of these genes did not consistently correlate with SCO's ability to reduce lipolytic metabolites in sera or cell culture media. However, in the presence of TNFα in cultured adipocytes, SCO induced antilipolytic changes in phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin. Together, these data suggest that the antilipolytic effects of SCO on adipose tissue play a role in the ability of this botanical extract to improve whole body metabolic parameters and support its use as a dietary supplement to promote metabolic resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jasmine A Burrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - William T King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ruth Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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22
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Fuller S, Yu Y, Mendoza T, Ribnicky DM, Cefalu WT, Floyd ZE. Potential adverse effects of botanical supplementation in high-fat-fed female mice. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:41. [PMID: 30208938 PMCID: PMC6134698 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance underlies metabolic syndrome and is associated with excess adiposity and visceral fat accumulation, which is more frequently observed in males than females. However, in young females, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising, mainly driven by accumulation of abdominal visceral fat. The degree to which sex-related differences could influence the development of insulin resistance remains unclear, and studies of potential therapeutic strategies to combat metabolic syndrome using rodent models have focused predominantly on males. We therefore evaluated the effects of two nutritional supplements derived from botanical sources, an extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (commonly known as bitter melon), on female mice challenged with a high-fat diet in order to determine if dietary intake of these supplements could ameliorate obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle. METHODS Body composition, physical activity and energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling, and gene and protein expression of factors controlling lipid metabolism and ectopic lipid accumulation were evaluated in female mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with either PMI5011 or bitter melon. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired two-tailed t test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS PMI5011 supplementation resulted in increased body weight and adiposity, while bitter melon did not induce changes in these parameters. Pyruvate tolerance testing indicated that both supplements increased hepatic glucose production. Both supplements induced a significant suppression in fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle homogenates treated with pyruvate, indicating enhanced metabolic flexibility. PMI5011 reduced lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, while bitter melon induced a downward trend in lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle and liver. This was accompanied by transcriptional regulation of autophagic genes by bitter melon in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Data from the current study indicates that dietary supplementation with PMI5011 and bitter melon evokes a divergent, and generally less favorable, set of metabolic responses in female mice compared to effects previously observed in males. Our findings underscore the importance of considering sex-related variations in responses to dietary supplementation aimed at combating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Tamra Mendoza
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Biotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - William T Cefalu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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23
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In Vivo Study on Analgesic, Muscle-Relaxant, Sedative Activity of Extracts of Hypochaeris radicata and In Silico Evaluation of Certain Compounds Present in This Species. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3868070. [PMID: 29992141 PMCID: PMC6016213 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3868070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypochaeris radicata (flatweed) from the family Asteraceae is a medicinal plant found in Europe, Middle East, and India. In folkloric medication, it is used to heal jaundice, dyspepsia, constipation, rheumatism, and hypoglycemia as well as renal problems. Leaves and roots of the plant have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The plant is a rich source of pharmacologically active phytochemicals; however, it is explored scantily. The objective of the current study was to identify the chemical composition and investigate the in vivo biological potency of crude extracts of this plant. Methods The crude extract and the fractions were screened for various phytochemical groups of constituents following standard procedures. The acute toxicity was assayed for safe range of dose determination. The analgesic potential of the extract and fractions was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing test. The muscle-relaxant activity was examined by standard inclined-plane test and traction test. Sedative potential of extract/fractions was assessed by using standard white wood procedures. Furthermore, docking analysis of two compounds present in the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant was assessed against 3D cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). Results The extract/fractions of H. radicata showed significant analgesic effect in in vivo model of peripheral algesia. The docking analysis of previously isolated molecules from the plant also exhibited promising interaction with COX-1 and COX-2. Also, the plant has a mild sedative and muscle-relaxant potential. Thus, our study provided pharmacological rationale for the traditional uses of the plant as analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedy. Conclusion The crude extracts and fractions exhibited excellent activity due to active phytochemicals. These active phytochemicals also exhibited promising interaction with COX-1 and COX-2. These findings directed researcher to isolate active compounds from H. radicata which may be used as a potential source of active secondary metabolites.
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24
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Nam SY, Han NR, Rah SY, Seo Y, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia scoparia and its active constituent, 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid against activated mast cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 40:52-58. [PMID: 29172841 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1405438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. (AS) has been used to treat inflammation, urticaria and hepatitis. However, the scientific studies of AS and its active compound for inflammatory reactions in activated human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells have not yet been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we isolated 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid (DEQA) from AS butanol fraction. The anti-inflammatory effect of AS and its new active compound, DEQA was examined in HMC-1 cells by studying the following markers: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 secretion and mRNA expression by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, mechanism related to anti-inflammatory was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS We reported that AS and its new active compound, DEQA significantly reduced TSLP, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production levels through the reduction of caspase-1 activity. The mRNA expression of these inflammatory cytokine was also reduced via blocking nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation by AS and DEQA. In addition, AS significantly reduced phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase level and DEQA significantly reduced both phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase and -p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase levels. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, these results indicated that AS and its active compound, DEQA may improve mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Nam
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- b Department of Biochemistry , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- c Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience , Korea Maritime University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- d Department of Food Science & Technology , Hoseo University , Asan , Republic of Korea
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25
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Promyo K, Cho JY, Park KH, Jaiswal L, Park SY, Ham KS. Artemisia scoparia attenuates amyloid β accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:775-782. [PMID: 30263603 PMCID: PMC6049576 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The preventive effects of Artemisia scoparia extract (AS) and AS + garlic extract (ASG) on the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats were supplemented with diets containing 2% (w/w) of AS or ASG for 6 weeks. The AS group showed lower levels of amyloid β and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 expressions and higher expression levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 than did the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the AS showed remarkably reduced levels of phosphorylated tau proteins and suppressed expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β at tyrosine 216 (active form) (p < 0.05). The ASG group also suppressed amyloid β accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, there was no synergistic effect of garlic with AS in lowering the risk of AD. These results indicate that AS could be a potential candidate to ameliorate the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitipong Promyo
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Lily Jaiswal
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Ham
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
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26
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Camsari C, Folger JK, McGee D, Bursian SJ, Wang H, Knott JG, Smith GW. Effects of Periconception Cadmium and Mercury Co-Administration to Mice on Indices of Chronic Diseases in Male Offspring at Maturity. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:643-650. [PMID: 27814245 PMCID: PMC5381999 DOI: 10.1289/ehp481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) is known to increase the risk of chronic diseases. However, to our knowledge, exposure to Cd and Hg beginning at the periconception period has not been studied to date. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of Cd and Hg that were co-administered during early development on indices of chronic diseases in adult male mice. METHODS Adult female CD1 mice were subcutaneously administered a combination of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and methylmercury (II) chloride (CH3HgCl) (0, 0.125, 0.5, or 2.0 mg/kg body weight each) 4 days before and 4 days after conception (8 days total). Indices of anxiety-like behavior, glucose homeostasis, endocrine and molecular markers of insulin resistance, and organ weights were examined in adult male offspring. RESULTS Increased anxiety-like behavior, impaired glucose homeostasis, and higher body weight and abdominal adipose tissue weight were observed in male offspring of treated females compared with controls. Significantly increased serum leptin and insulin concentrations and impaired insulin tolerance in the male offspring of dams treated with 2.0 mg/kg body weight of Cd and Hg suggested insulin resistance. Altered mRNA abundance for genes associated with glucose and lipid homeostasis (GLUT4, IRS1, FASN, ACACA, FATP2, CD36, and G6PC) in liver and abdominal adipose tissues as well as increased IRS1 phosphorylation in liver (Ser 307) provided further evidence of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the co-administration of Cd and Hg to female mice during the early development of their offspring (the periconception period) was associated with anxiety-like behavior, altered glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance in male offspring at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Camsari
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics,
- Department of Animal Science,
| | - Joseph K. Folger
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics,
- Department of Animal Science,
| | - Devin McGee
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics,
- Department of Animal Science,
| | | | | | - Jason G. Knott
- Department of Animal Science,
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - George W. Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics,
- Department of Animal Science,
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Chinese Medicine Herbs Decoction on Liver Cirrhosis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6125829. [PMID: 28280515 PMCID: PMC5322457 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6125829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoprotective and curative activities of aqueous extract of decoction containing 10 Chinese medicinal herbs (HPE-XA-08) were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley albino rats with liver damage induced by thioacetamide (TAA). These activities were assessed by investigating the liver enzymes level and also histopathology investigation. Increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were observed in rats with cirrhotic liver. No significant alterations of the liver enzymes were observed following treatment with HPE-XA-08. Histopathology examination of rats treated with HPE-XA-08 at 250 mg/kg body weight, however, exhibited moderate liver protective effects. Reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the hepatocytes were noted in comparison to the cirrhotic liver. The curative effects of HPE-XA-08 were observed with marked decrease in the level of ALP (more than 3x) and level of GGT (more than 2x) in cirrhotic rat treated with 600 mg/kg body weight HPE-XA-08 in comparison to cirrhotic rat treated with just water diluent. Reversion of cirrhotic liver to normal liver condition in rats treated with HPE-XA-08 was observed. Results from the present study suggest that HPE-XA-08 treatment assisted in the protection from liver cirrhosis and improved the recovery of cirrhotic liver.
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Cho JY, Jeong SJ, Lee HL, Park KH, Hwang DY, Park SY, Lee YG, Moon JH, Ham KS. Sesquiterpene lactones and scopoletins from Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. and their angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1701-1708. [PMID: 30263465 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten compounds, including a new guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone, were isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia. The structure of the new compound was determined to be 5-hydroxyguaia-3(4),11(13),10(14)-trien-6α,12-olide, named scoparanolide. Six known sesquiterpene lactones [estafiatone, 3β,4α-dihydroxyguaia-11(13),10(14)-dien-6α,12-olide, estafiatin, preeupatundin, 3β-hydroxycostunolide, and ludovicin B] and three known coumarin derivatives (scopoletin, scoparone, and isofraxidin) were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. Six known sesquiterpene lactones were found for the first time in this plant. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of coumarin derivatives and scopoletins were significantly higher compared to those of sesquiterpene lactones and quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yong Cho
- 2Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, 58554 Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Jeong
- 2Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, 58554 Korea
| | - Hee La Lee
- 2Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, 58554 Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- 2Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, 58554 Korea
| | - Do Young Hwang
- 2Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, 58554 Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- 2Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, 58554 Korea
| | - Yu Geon Lee
- 1Department of Food Science & Technology, and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Moon
- 1Department of Food Science & Technology, and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Ham
- 2Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, 58554 Korea
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Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Enriched Phosphatidylcholine Attenuated Hepatic Steatosis Through Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Lipids 2016; 52:119-127. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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30
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Shin EJ, Park JH, Sung MJ, Chung MY, Hwang JT. Citrus junos Tanaka peel ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:499. [PMID: 27912736 PMCID: PMC5135759 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Citrus junos Tanaka (yuja), a yellow-coloured citrus fruit has traditionally been consumed in Korea, Japan, and China and has been found effective in preventing certain diseases. However, the inhibitory effect of yuja on hepatic lipid accumulation has not been clearly elucidated thus far. Methods The inhibitory effect of yuja on hepatic lipid accumulation was investigated in both cell culture and mouse models. We investigated the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of yuja peel (YE) using HepG2 cells. We next confirmed the effect of YE in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): a normal diet group (ND), a high-cholesterol diet group (HC), high-cholesterol diet plus 1% YE (YL), high-cholesterol diet plus 5% YE (YH). Result Seventy percent ethanolic extracts of yuja peel (YE) reduced oleic acid-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Treatment with YE at 100, 200 μg/mL up-regulated expression levels of cholesterol metabolism-related proteins such as AMPK, ACC, PPAR-α, and CPT1 and down-regulated the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The hypocholesterolemic effect of YE was further confirmed in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Compared to ND (normal diet) mice, HC (high-cholesterol diet) mice showed increased body weight, liver fat content, liver weight, and content of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. On the contrary, administrations of YL (HC + 1% YE) or YH (HC + 5% YE) significantly reduced body weight, liver fat content, liver weight, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol compared to those of only HC fed mice group. As a result of in vitro data, protein expressions of PPAR-α and CPT1 were induced in mice fed YE diet compared to HC diet but HMGCR expression was decreased. Conclusions Yuja peel ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in both cell culture and mouse models and therefore, could serve as a useful supplement for hypercholesterolemia.
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Fang R, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Tong X, Li K, Bai H, Li X, Ben J, Zhang H, Yang Q, Chen Q. Miltefosine Suppresses Hepatic Steatosis by Activating AMPK Signal Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163667. [PMID: 27681040 PMCID: PMC5040442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been accepted that AMPK (Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) activation exhibits many beneficial effects on glucolipid metabolism. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is an important lysophospholipid which can improve blood glucose levels in diabetic mice and attenuate inflammation by activating AMPK signal pathway in macrophages. Synthetic alkylphospholipids (ALPs), such as miltefosine, is used as an alternate of LPC for the clinical application. Here, we investigated whether miltefosine could have an impact on hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorders. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to generate an obese model. Next, the obese mice were randomly divided into three groups: saline-treated and miltefosine-treated (2.5 or 5 mg/kg/d) groups. Miltefosine was intraperitoneally administrated into mice for additional 4 weeks plus HFD treatment. KEY RESULTS It was shown that miltefosine treatment could substantially improve glucose metabolism, prevented hepatic lipid accumulation, and inhibited liver inflammation in HFD-fed mice by activating AMPK signal pathway. In vitro, miltefosine stimulated AMPKα phosphorylation both in time and dose dependent manner and decreased lipid accumulation in liver cells. When a specific AMPK inhibitor compound C was used to treat mice, the antagonistic effects of miltefosine on HFD-induced mouse hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis were abolished. Treatment with miltefosine also dramatically inhibited the HFD-induced liver inflammation in mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Here we demonstrated that miltefosine might be a new activator of AMPK signal pathway in vivo and in vitro and be useful for treatment of hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Fang
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Zhu
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Tong
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexue Li
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Bai
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ben
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang C, Yuan W, Fang J, Wang W, He P, Lei J, Wang C. Efficacy of Resveratrol Supplementation against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161792. [PMID: 27560482 PMCID: PMC4999224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease with rising prevalence. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that resveratrol, a dietary phytochemical, is capable of attenuating NAFLD development and progression; however, results from clinical studies are inconsistent and inconclusive. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of resveratrol on NAFLD, using several parameters to provide new insights for clinical application. We systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, Science Citation Index, Elsevier, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published up to date (July 2016), in English, to identify and screen eligible, relevant studies. Either a fixed-effect model or random model was used to estimate mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effect of resveratrol on NAFLD. Four randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials involving 156 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Levels of low-density lipoprotein (MD = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.74, P < 0.05) and total cholesterol (MD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.80, P < 0.05) were higher in the resveratrol treatment groups than in placebo control groups, whereas other parameters were not altered. Overall, this study indicates that resveratrol treatment has negligible effects on attenuating NAFLD, given the small improvement in NAFLD features. More high-quality clinical trials of resveratrol for NAFLD are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weigang Yuan
- Department of Anthropotomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pei He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunxu Wang
- Department of Anthropotomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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Hepatotoxicity by combination treatment of temozolomide, artesunate and Chinese herbs in a glioblastoma multiforme patient: case report review of the literature. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1833-1846. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cho JY, Park KH, Hwang DY, Chanmuang S, Jaiswal L, Park YK, Park SY, Kim SY, Kim HR, Moon JH, Ham KS. Antihypertensive Effects of Artemisia scoparia Waldst in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Identification of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. Molecules 2015; 20:19789-804. [PMID: 26540035 PMCID: PMC6332079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antihypertensive effects of Artemisia scoparia (AS) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were fed diets containing 2% (w/w) hot water extracts of AS aerial parts for 6 weeks. The AS group had significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels than the control group. The AS group also had lower angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II content in serum compared to the control group. The AS group showed higher vascular endothelial growth factor and lower ras homolog gene family member A expression levels in kidney compared to the control group. The AS group had significantly lower levels of plasma lipid oxidation and protein carbonyls than the control group. One new and six known compounds were isolated from AS by guided purification. The new compound was determined to be 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoyl (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl benzoate, based on its nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Do Young Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Saoraya Chanmuang
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Lily Jaiswal
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Yang-Kyun Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
| | - So-Young Kim
- Division of Functional Food & Nutrition, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonbuk 560-500, Korea.
| | - Haeng-Ran Kim
- Division of Functional Food & Nutrition, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonbuk 560-500, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hak Moon
- Department of Food Science & Technology, and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sik Ham
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
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Qiu X, Gao DH, Xiang X, Xiong YF, Zhu TS, Liu LG, Sun XF, Hao LP. Ameliorative effects of lutein on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8061-8072. [PMID: 26185377 PMCID: PMC4499348 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of lutein against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the related underlying mechanism.
METHODS: After 9 d of acclimation to a constant temperature-controlled room (20 °C-22 °C) under 12 h light/dark cycles, male Sprague-Darley rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed a standard commercial diet (n = 8) or a high-fat diet (HFD) (n = 32) for 10 d. Animals receiving HFD were then randomly divided into 4 groups and administered with 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg (body weight) per day of lutein for the next 45 d. At the end of the experiment, the perinephric and abdominal adipose tissues of the rats were isolated and weighed. Additionally, serum and liver lipid metabolic condition parameters were measured, and liver function and insulin resistance state indexes were assessed. Liver samples were collected and stained with hematoxylin eosin and Oil Red O, and the expression of the key factors related to insulin signaling and lipid metabolism in the liver were detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses.
RESULTS: Our data showed that after being fed a high-fat diet for 10 d, the rats showed a significant gain in body weight, energy efficiency, and serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Lutein supplementation induced fat loss in rats fed a high-fat diet, without influencing body weight or energy efficiency, and decreased serum TC and hepatic TC and TG levels. Moreover, lutein supplementation decreased hepatic levels of lipid accumulation and glutamic pyruvic transaminase content, and also improved insulin sensitivity. Lutein administration also increased the expression of key factors in hepatic insulin signaling, such as insulin receptor substrate-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and glucose transporter-2 at the gene and protein levels. Furthermore, high-dose lutein increased the expression of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-α and sirtuin 1, which are associated with lipid metabolism and insulin signaling.
CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that lutein has positive effects on NAFLD via the modulation of hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance.
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Ibrar M, Rauf A, Ben Hadda T, Mubarak MS, Patel S. Quantitative ethnobotanical survey of medicinal flora thriving in Malakand Pass Hills, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:335-346. [PMID: 25952168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Ethnobotanical knowledge is proving to be invaluable for drug discovery in the wake of effective prospecting from biodiversity. On the other hand, the escalating human pressure is threatening the endogenous flora. Situated at the foothill of the Himalayas, Pakistan boasts of rich floristic distribution. However, many lush yet imperiled regions of this country has never been explored. It inspired us to evaluate and document the taxonomic composition, significance of medicinal plants and associated traditional knowledge in the District of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vegetation growing in Malakand pass hills, Pakistan was studied and data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire, in addition to interviewing the local elderly, knowledgeable persons, and herbal practitioners. Relative Frequency Citation (RFC) and Use Value (UV) of the medicinal plants were calculated and their correlation was determined by Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS This study encompasses 92 plant species belonging to 56 families thriving in the study area. The information gathered includes ethnobotanical inventory and their pharmacological uses. Quantitative analysis throws light on the consistence of RFC and UV. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the most abundant families represented by 6 species each. Shoots were the most used parts (23.6%) and wound healing (7.91%) was the most common therapeutic use. CONCLUSION The result obtained from the study implies that local inhabitants rely on these plants for their medicinal requirements. Also, the statistics reveal that, the vegetation can be assessed for potential drug leads. However, urban expansion is threatening the existence of indigenous flora and old generation with ancient herbal wisdom is perishing. So, it appears imperative to preserve the traditional knowledge. This survey is expected to contribute to the discovery of novel bioactive constituents, stimulate conservation efforts of the perturbed flora and promote sustainable exploitation of the medicinal bounty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrar
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Taibi Ben Hadda
- Laboratoire Chimie Matériaux, FSO, Université Mohammed Ier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | | | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, USA.
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Liu J, Xu Y, Hu Y, Wang G. The role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for therapy. Metabolism 2015; 64:380-90. [PMID: 25516477 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a cluster of liver disorders ranging from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Due to its liver and vascular complications, NAFLD has become a public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is considered a "multi-hit hypothesis" that involves lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, a chronic inflammatory state and mitochondrial dysfunction. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family with multiple metabolic functions. FGF21 directly regulates lipid metabolism and reduces hepatic lipid accumulation in an insulin-independent manner. Several studies have shown that FGF21 can ameliorate the "multi-hits" in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The administration of FGF21 reverses hepatic steatosis, counteracts obesity and alleviates insulin resistance in rodents and nonhuman primates. Using several strategies, we show that the reversal of simple fatty liver and NASH is mediated by activation of the FGF21 signaling pathway. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset and/or progression of NAFLD, and review the current literature to highlight the therapeutic procedures associated with the FGF21 signaling pathway for simple fatty liver and NASH, which are the two most important types of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanjin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China.
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Artemisia santolinifolia enhances glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Neurosci Lett 2014; 582:115-9. [PMID: 25220699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia extracts have been used as remedies for a variety of maladies related to metabolic and gastrointestinal control. Because the vagal afferent-nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) synapse regulates the same homeostatic functions affected by Artemisia, it is possible that these extracts may have activity at the synaptic level in the NST. Therefore, we evaluated how extracts of three common medicinal Artemisia species, Artemisia santolinifolia (SANT), Artemisia scoparia (SCO), and Artemisia dracunculus L (PMI-5011), modulate the excitability of the glutamatergic vagal afferent-NST synapse. Our in vitro live cell calcium imaging data from prelabeled vagal afferent terminals show that SANT extract is a positive modulator of vagal afferent calcium levels, as the extract significantly increased the calcium signal relative to the time control. Neither SCO nor PMI-5011 extract altered the vagal calcium signals compared to the time control. Furthermore, whole cell voltage-clamp recordings from NST neurons corroborated the vagal terminal calcium data in that SANT extract also significantly increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency in NST neurons. These data suggest that SANT extract could be a pharmacologically significant mediator of glutamatergic neurotransmission within the CNS.
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Lee J, Hong SW, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Park CY, Oh KW, Park SW, Lee WY. Exendin-4 regulates lipid metabolism and fibroblast growth factor 21 in hepatic steatosis. Metabolism 2014; 63:1041-8. [PMID: 24933399 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatokine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 takes part in the regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue. We investigated whether exendin-4 regulates the expression of FGF21 in the liver, and whether the effects of exendin-4 on the regulation of FGF21 expression are mediated via silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT) 1 or SIRT6. MATERIALS/METHODS The C57BL/6J mice were fed a low fat diet, high fat diet, or high fat diet with 1 nmol/kg/day exendin-4 intraperitoneal injection for 10 weeks. HepG2 used in vitro study was treated with palmitic aicd (0.4 mM) with or without exendin-4 (100 nM) and FGF21 (50 nM) for 24 hours. The change of FGF21 and its receptors expression by exendin-4 were measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. The intracellular lipid content in HepG2 cells was evaluated by Oil Red O staining. Inhibition of FGF21, SIRT1 and SIRT6, by 10 nM siRNA was performed to establish the signaling pathway of exendin-4 action in hepatic lipid metabolism. RESULTS Exendin-4 increased the expression of FGF21 and its receptors in high fat diet-induced obese mice. In addition, recombinant FGF21 treatment reduced lipid content in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells. We also observed significantly decreased expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) in hepatocytes transfected with FGF21 siRNA. In cells treated with exendin-4, inhibition of SIRT1, but not SIRT6, by siRNA significantly repressed the expression of FGF21 mRNA, whereas decreased SIRT1 expression by inhibition of FGF21 was not observed. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that exendin-4 could improve fatty liver by increasing SIRT1-mediated FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Lee
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Hong
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Oh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea.
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Richard AJ, Fuller S, Fedorcenco V, Beyl R, Burris TP, Mynatt R, Ribnicky DM, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia enhances adipocyte development and endocrine function in vitro and enhances insulin action in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98897. [PMID: 24915004 PMCID: PMC4051605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Failure of adipocytes to expand during periods of energy excess can result in undesirable metabolic consequences such as ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Blinded screening studies have indicated that Artemisia scoparia (SCO) extracts can enhance adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in cultured adipocytes. The present study tested the hypothesis that SCO treatment modulates fat cell development and function in vitro and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue in vivo. Methods In vitro experiments utilized a Gal4-PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) fusion protein-luciferase reporter assay to examine PPARγ activation. To investigate the ability of SCO to modulate adipogenesis and mature fat cell function in 3T3-L1 cells, neutral lipid accumulation, gene expression, and protein secretion were measured by Oil Red O staining, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting, respectively. For the in vivo experiments, diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD containing 1% w/w SCO for four weeks. Body weight and composition, food intake, and fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured. Phospho-activation and expression of insulin-sensitizing proteins in epididymal adipose tissue (eWAT) were measured by immunoblotting. Results Ethanolic extracts of A. scoparia significantly activated the PPARγ LBD and enhanced lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. SCO increased the transcription of several PPARγ target genes in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and rescued the negative effects of tumor necrosis factor α on production and secretion of adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in fully differentiated fat cells. DIO mice treated with SCO had elevated adiponectin levels and increased phosphorylation of AMPKα in eWAT when compared to control mice. In SCO-treated mice, these changes were also associated with decreased fasting insulin and glucose levels. Conclusion SCO has metabolically beneficial effects on adipocytes in vitro and adipose tissue in vivo, highlighting its potential as a metabolically favorable botanical supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Veaceslav Fedorcenco
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Robbie Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Randall Mynatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - David M. Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wan Y, Liu LY, Hong ZF, Peng J. Ethanol extract of Cirsium japonicum attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation via AMPK activation in human HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:79-84. [PMID: 24944601 PMCID: PMC4061235 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common causes of chronic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is strongly associated with obesity and dysregulated insulin action in the liver. However, there are no pharmacological agents currently established for the treatment of NAFLD. A flowering plant in the Asteraceae family, Cirsium japonicum (CJ), exhibits a variety of pharmacological and antioxidative properties that promote hepatoprotection. In the present study, CJ ethanol extract was shown to reduce hepatic triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol accumulation. CJ significantly increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in HepG2 hepatocytes and downregulated the level of the target genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. In addition, CJ upregulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, which is involved in fatty acid oxidation. The results of the present study indicated that the positive effects of CJ extract on high-fat diet-induced hepatic TG accumulation were mediated via the AMPK signaling pathway, indicating a potential target for the preventative treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Feng Hong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Artemisia extracts activate PPARγ, promote adipogenesis, and enhance insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of obese mice. Nutrition 2014; 30:S31-6. [PMID: 24985103 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that the inability of adipose tissue to properly expand during the obese state or respond to insulin can lead to metabolic dysfunction. Artemisia is a diverse group of plants that has a history of medicinal use. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of ethanolic extracts of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) and Artemisia santolinifolia (SAN) to modulate adipocyte development in cultured adipocytes and white adipose tissue (WAT) function in vivo using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. METHOD Adipogenesis was assessed using Oil Red O staining and immunoblotting. A nuclear receptor specificity assay was used to examine the specificity of SCO- and SAN-induced PPARγ activation. C57BL/6J mice, fed a high-fat diet, were gavaged with saline, SCO, or SAN for 2 wk. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was examined using insulin tolerance tests. WAT depots were assessed via immunoblotting for markers of insulin action and adipokine production. RESULTS We established that SCO and SAN were highly specific activators of PPARγ and did not activate other nuclear receptors. After a 1-wk daily gavage, SCO- and SAN-treated mice had lower insulin-induced glucose disposal rates than control mice. At the end of the 2-wk treatment period, SCO- and SAN-treated mice had enhanced insulin-responsive Akt serine-473 phosphorylation and significantly decreased monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in visceral WAT compared with control mice; these differences were depot specific. Moreover, plasma adiponectin levels were increased following SCO treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, these studies demonstrate that extracts from two Artemisia species can have metabolically favorable effects on adipocytes and WAT.
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Wicks S, Taylor CM, Luo M, Blanchard E, Ribnicky DM, Cefalu WT, Mynatt RL, Welsh DA. Artemisia supplementation differentially affects the mucosal and luminal ileal microbiota of diet-induced obese mice. Nutrition 2014; 30:S26-30. [PMID: 24985102 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut microbiome has been implicated in obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, most studies have focused on fecal or colonic samples. Several species of Artemisia have been reported to ameliorate insulin signaling both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to characterize the mucosal and luminal bacterial populations in the terminal ileum with or without supplementation with Artemisia extracts. METHODS Following 4 wk of supplementation with different Artemisia extracts (PMI 5011, Santa or Scopa), diet-induced obese mice were sacrificed and luminal and mucosal samples of terminal ileum were used to evaluate microbial community composition by pyrosequencing of 16 S rDNA hypervariable regions. RESULTS Significant differences in community structure and membership were observed between luminal and mucosal samples, irrespective of diet group. All Artemisia extracts increased the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio in mucosal samples. This effect was not observed in the luminal compartment. There was high interindividual variability in the phylogenetic assessments of the ileal microbiota, limiting the statistical power of this pilot investigation. CONCLUSIONS Marked differences in bacterial communities exist depending on the biogeographic compartment in the terminal ileum. Future studies testing the effects of Artemisia or other botanical supplements require larger sample sizes for adequate statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Wicks
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, Health Science Center, LSU System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, Health Science Center, LSU System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, Health Science Center, LSU System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William T Cefalu
- Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Randall L Mynatt
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- LSU Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University, Health Science Center, LSU System, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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