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Wang B, Han D, Hu X, Chen J, Liu Y, Wu J. Exploring the role of a novel postbiotic bile acid: Interplay with gut microbiota, modulation of the farnesoid X receptor, and prospects for clinical translation. Microbiol Res 2024; 287:127865. [PMID: 39121702 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, mainly resides in the colon, possesses a remarkable ability to metabolize different substrates to create bioactive substances, including short-chain fatty acids, indole-3-propionic acid, and secondary bile acids. In the liver, bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol and then undergo modification by the gut microbiota. Beyond those reclaimed by the enterohepatic circulation, small percentage of bile acids escaped reabsorption, entering the systemic circulation to bind to several receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), thereby exert their biological effects. Gut microbiota interplays with bile acids by affecting their synthesis and determining the production of secondary bile acids. Reciprocally, bile acids shape out the structure of gut microbiota. The interplay of bile acids and FXR is involved in the development of multisystemic conditions, encompassing metabolic diseases, hepatobiliary diseases, immune associated disorders. In the review, we aim to provide a thorough review of the intricate crosstalk between the gut microbiota and bile acids, the physiological roles of bile acids and FXR in mammals' health and disease, and the clinical translational considerations of gut microbiota-bile acids-FXR in the treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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Wang H, Guo Y, Han W, Liang M, Xiao X, Jiang X, Yu W. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Improves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:20194-20210. [PMID: 39193771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a synthetic bile salt that has demonstrated efficacy in the management of hepatobiliary disorders. However, its specific mechanism of action in preventing and treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains incompletely understood. This research revealed that TUDCA treatment can reduce obesity and hepatic lipid buildup, enhance intestinal barrier function and microbial balance, and increase the presence of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium in NAFLD mouse models. TUDCA can influence the activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), resulting in higher hepatic bile acid levels and increased expression of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), leading to elevated concentrations of liver-bound bile acids in mice. Furthermore, TUDCA can inhibit the expression of FXR and fatty acid transport protein 5 (FATP5), thereby reducing fatty acid absorption and hepatic lipid accumulation. This investigation provides new insights into the potential of TUDCA for preventing and treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yi Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weiting Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meng Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Institute of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Common Animal Diseases in Heilongjiang Province General Universities, Harbin 150030, China
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3
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Ziegler A, Sæves I, Almaas R. Differences in bile acid profiles between cholestatic diseases - Development of a high throughput assay for dried bloodspots. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119864. [PMID: 38992821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis causes accumulation of bile acids (BAs) and changes the circulating bile acid profile. Quantification of circulating BAs in dried bloodspots (DBS) may demonstrate obstruction of bile flow and altered bile acid metabolism in the liver. High sample throughput enables rapid screening of cholestatic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used for optimizing separation and detection of the primary unconjugated BAs cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA); the secondary unconjugated BAs ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA), as well as the glycine- and taurine-conjugated variants of CA, CDCA, DCA and UDCA. Donor blood was obtained to prepare DBS calibrators and quality controls for method development and validation. RESULTS We developed a quantitative bile acid assay with a run-time of two minutes, and one-step sample preparation of 3.2 mm DBS discs. Validation results demonstrated overall good performance and was considered fit for purpose. Children with Alagille syndrome, Aagenaes syndrome and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency had increased BAs in DBS from newborn screening samples compared with age matched controls, and had different bile acids profiles. CONCLUSION We propose that our high throughput assay allows bile acid profiling in DBS that can be a valuable assessment tool for early screening of cholestasis in children. Assaying BAs in dried bloodspots is key for early detection of cholestasis, and provides transferability to a newborn screening setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ziegler
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Department of Newborn Screening, Oslo University Hospital, Forskningsveien 2B, 0373 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingjerd Sæves
- Department of Newborn Screening, Oslo University Hospital, Forskningsveien 2B, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar Almaas
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Li Z, Gong R, Chu H, Zeng J, Chen C, Xu S, Hu L, Gao W, Zhang L, Yuan H, Cheng Z, Wang C, Du M, Zhu Q, Zhang L, Rong L, Hu X, Yang L. A universal plasma metabolites-derived signature predicts cardiovascular disease risk in MAFLD. Atherosclerosis 2024; 392:117526. [PMID: 38581738 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a novel concept proposed in 2020, which is more practical for identifying patients with fatty liver disease with high risk of disease progression. Fatty liver is a driver for extrahepatic complications, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the risk of CVD in MAFLD could be predicted by carotid ultrasound test, a very early stage prediction method before the formation of pathological damage is still lacking. METHODS Stool microbiomes and plasma metabolites were compared across 196 well-characterized participants encompassing normal controls, simple MAFLD patients, MAFLD patients with carotid artery pathological changes, and MAFLD patients with diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD). 16S rDNA sequencing data and untargeted metabolomic profiles were interrogatively analyzed using differential abundance analysis and random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm to identify discriminatory gut microbiomes and metabolomic. RESULTS Characteristic microbial changes in MAFLD patients with CVD risk were represented by the increase of Clostridia and Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios. Faecalibacterium was negatively correlated with mean-intima-media thickness (IMT), TC, and TG. Megamonas, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Escherichia were positively correlated with the exacerbation of pathological indexes. MAFLD patients with CVD risk were characterized by the decrease of lithocholic acid taurine conjugate, and the increase of ethylvanillin propylene glycol acetal, both of which had close relationship with Ruminococcus and Gemmiger. Biotin l-sulfoxide had positive correlation with mean-IMT, TG, and weight. The general auxin pesticide beta-naphthoxyacetic acid and the food additive glucosyl steviol were both positively correlated with the increase of mean-IMT. The model combining the metabolite signatures with 9 clinical parameters accurately distinguished MAFLD with CVD risk in the proband and validation cohort. It was found that citral was the most important discriminative metabolite marker, which was validated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. CONCLUSIONS Simple MAFLD patients and MAFLD patients with CVD risk had divergent gut microbes and plasma metabolites. The predictive model based on metabolites and 9 clinical parameters could effectively discriminate MAFLD patients with CVD risk at a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Health Management Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junchao Zeng
- Health Management Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanping Xu
- Health Management Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilin Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenkang Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zilu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingjing Zhu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Wuhan Medical Treatment Centre, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Rong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Heianza Y, Xue Q, Rood J, Clish CB, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Changes in bile acid subtypes and improvements in lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1293-1300. [PMID: 38428740 PMCID: PMC11130658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinct circulating bile acid (BA) subtypes may play roles in regulating lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether changes in circulating BA subtypes induced by weight-loss dietary interventions were associated with improved lipid profiles and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk estimates. METHODS This study included adults with overweight or obesity (n = 536) who participated in a randomized weight-loss dietary intervention trial. Circulating primary and secondary unconjugated BAs and their taurine-/glycine-conjugates were measured at baseline and 6 mo after the weight-loss diet intervention. The ASCVD risk estimates were calculated using the validated equations. RESULTS At baseline, higher concentrations of specific BA subtypes were related to higher concentrations of atherogenic very low-density lipoprotein lipid subtypes and ASCVD risk estimates. Weight-loss diet-induced decreases in primary BAs were related to larger reductions in triglycerides and total cholesterol [every 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease of glycocholate, glycochenodeoxycholate, or taurochenodeoxycholate was related to β (standard error) -3.3 (1.3), -3.4 (1.3), or -3.8 (1.3) mg/dL, respectively; PFDR < 0.05 for all]. Greater decreases in specific secondary BA subtypes were also associated with improved lipid metabolism at 6 mo; there was β -4.0 (1.1) mg/dL per 1-SD decrease of glycoursodeoxycholate (PFDR =0.003) for changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We found significant interactions (P-interaction < 0.05) between dietary fat intake and changes in BA subtypes on changes in ASCVD risk estimates; decreases in primary and secondary BAs (such as conjugated cholate or deoxycholate) were significantly associated with improved ASCVD risk after consuming a high-fat diet, but not after consuming a low-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Decreases in distinct BA subtypes were associated with improved lipid profiles and ASCVD risk estimates, highlighting the importance of changes in circulating BA subtypes as significant factors linked to improved lipid metabolism and ASCVD risk estimates in response to weight-loss dietary interventions. Habitual dietary fat intake may modify the associations of changes in BAs with ASCVD risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
| | - Qiaochu Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
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Wang H, Kim R, Wang Y, Furtado KL, Sims CE, Tamayo R, Allbritton NL. In vitro co-culture of Clostridium scindens with primary human colonic epithelium protects the epithelium against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1382389. [PMID: 38681959 PMCID: PMC11045926 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1382389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A complex and dynamic network of interactions exists between human gastrointestinal epithelium and intestinal microbiota. Therefore, comprehending intestinal microbe-epithelial cell interactions is critical for the understanding and treatment of intestinal diseases. Primary human colonic epithelial cells derived from a healthy human donor were co-cultured with Clostridium scindens (C. scindens), a probiotic obligate anaerobe; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a facultative anaerobe and intestinal pathogen; or both bacterial species in tandem. The co-culture hanging basket platform used for these experiments possessed walls of controlled oxygen (O2) permeability to support the formation of an O2 gradient across the intestinal epithelium using cellular O2 consumption, resulting in an anaerobic luminal and aerobic basal compartment. Both the colonic epithelial cells and C. scindens remained viable over 48 h during co-culture. In contrast, co-culture with S. aureus elicited significant damage to colonic epithelial cells within 24 h. To explore the influence of the intestinal pathogen on the epithelium in the presence of the probiotic bacteria, colonic epithelial cells were inoculated sequentially with the two bacterial species. Under these conditions, C. scindens was capable of repressing the production of S. aureus enterotoxin. Surprisingly, although C. scindens converted cholic acid to secondary bile acids in the luminal medium, the growth of S. aureus was not significantly inhibited. Nevertheless, this combination of probiotic and pathogenic bacteria was found to benefit the survival of the colonic epithelial cells compared with co-culture of the epithelial cells with S. aureus alone. This platform thus provides an easy-to-use and low-cost tool to study the interaction between intestinal bacteria and colonic cells in vitro to better understand the interplay of intestinal microbiota with human colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen L. Furtado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine/Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rita Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Steenackers N, Eksteen G, Wauters L, Augustijns P, Van der Schueren B, Vanuytsel T, Matthys C. Understanding the gastrointestinal tract in obesity: From gut motility patterns to enzyme secretion. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14758. [PMID: 38342973 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathophysiology of obesity has been the product of extensive research, revealing multiple interconnected mechanisms contributing to body weight regulation. The regulation of energy balance involves an intricate network, including the gut-neuroendocrine interplay. As a consequence, research on the gut-brain-microbiota axis in obesity has grown extensively. The physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, far from being underexplored, has significant implications for the development of specific complications in people living with obesity across the fields of gastroenterology, nutrition, and pharmacology. Clinical research indicates higher fasting bile acids serum levels, and blunted postprandial increases in bilious secretions in people living with obesity. Findings are less straightforward for the impact of obesity on gastric emptying with various studies reporting accelerated, normal, or delayed gastric emptying rates. Conversely, the effect of obesity on gastrointestinal pH, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric and pancreatic enzyme secretion is largely unknown. In this review, we explore the current evidence on the gastrointestinal physiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Steenackers
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Eksteen
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Wauters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Mao Q, Lin B, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Xu M. Understanding the role of ursodeoxycholic acid and gut microbiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1371574. [PMID: 38576492 PMCID: PMC10991717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1371574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, resulting in a huge medical burden worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome and bile acids play pivotal roles during the development of NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD exhibit unique signatures of the intestinal microbiome marked by the priority of Gram-negative bacteria, decreased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and increased Prevotella and Lachnospiraceae. The intestinal microbiota is involved in the metabolism of bile acids. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a key determinant in maintaining the dynamic communication between the host and gut microbiota. It generally shows surprising therapeutic potential in NAFLD with several mechanisms, such as improving cellular autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial functions. This action is based on its direct or indirect effect, targeting the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and various other nuclear receptors. This review aims to discuss the current studies on the involvement of the microbiome-UDCA interface in NAFLD therapy and provide prospective insights into future preventative and therapeutic approaches for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenluo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengque Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Li X, Petrov MS. Dietary Fibre for the Prevention of Post-Pancreatitis Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Directions. Nutrients 2024; 16:435. [PMID: 38337719 PMCID: PMC10857198 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus-the most common sequela of pancreatitis-leads to poorer glycaemic control compared with type 2 diabetes. Because post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is an exemplar of secondary diabetes (with a clear underlying cause), much post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is preventable or treatable early. Earlier literature established the important role of dietary fibre in reducing plasma glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The present review benchmarks available evidence on the role of habitual dietary fibre intake in pancreatitis and post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus. It also paves the way for future research on the use of dietary fibre in the post-pancreatitis setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim S. Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Yin Q, Yu J, Li J, Zhang T, Wang T, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Yao J. Enhancing milk quality and modulating rectal microbiota of dairy goats in starch-rich diet: the role of bile acid supplementation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:7. [PMID: 38247003 PMCID: PMC10801996 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets rich in starch have been shown to increase a risk of reducing milk fat content in dairy goats. While bile acids (BAs) have been used as a lipid emulsifier in monogastric and aquatic animals, their effect on ruminants is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of BAs supplementation on various aspects of dairy goat physiology, including milk composition, rumen fermentation, gut microbiota, and BA metabolism. RESULTS We randomly divided eighteen healthy primiparity lactating dairy goats (days in milk = 100 ± 6 d) into two groups and supplemented them with 0 or 4 g/d of BAs undergoing 5 weeks of feeding on a starch-rich diet. The results showed that BAs supplementation positively influenced milk yield and improved the quality of fatty acids in goat milk. BAs supplementation led to a reduction in saturated fatty acids (C16:0) and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (cis-9 C18:1), resulting in a healthier milk fatty acid profile. We observed a significant increase in plasma total bile acid concentration while the proportion of rumen short-chain fatty acids was not affected. Furthermore, BAs supplementation induced significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, favoring the enrichment of specific bacterial groups and altering the balance of microbial populations. Correlation analysis revealed associations between specific bacterial groups (Bacillus and Christensenellaceae R-7 group) and BA types, suggesting a role for the gut microbiota in BA metabolism. Functional prediction analysis revealed notable changes in pathways associated with lipid metabolism, suggesting that BAs supplementation has the potential to modulate lipid-related processes. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential benefits of BAs supplementation in enhancing milk production, improving milk quality, and influencing metabolic pathways in dairy goats. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the broader implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Junjian Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- DAYU Bioengineering (Xi'an) Industrial Development Research Institute, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
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Nordin E, Hellström PM, Vuong E, Ribbenstedt A, Brunius C, Landberg R. IBS randomized study: FODMAPs alter bile acids, phenolic- and tryptophan metabolites, while gluten modifies lipids. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R248-R259. [PMID: 37399002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00016.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Diet is considered a culprit for symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), although the mechanistic understanding of underlying causes is lacking. Metabolomics, i.e., the analysis of metabolites in biological samples may offer a diet-responsive fingerprint for IBS. Our aim was to explore alterations in the plasma metabolome after interventions with fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) or gluten versus control in IBS, and to relate such alterations to symptoms. People with IBS (n = 110) were included in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study with 1-wk provocations of FODMAPs, gluten, or placebo. Symptoms were evaluated with the IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS). Untargeted metabolomics was performed on plasma samples using LC-qTOF-MS. Discovery of metabolite alterations by treatment was performed using random forest followed by linear mixed modeling. Associations were studied using Spearman correlation. The metabolome was affected by FODMAP [classification rate (CR) 0.88, P < 0.0001], but less by gluten intake CR 0.72, P = 0.01). FODMAP lowered bile acids, whereas phenolic-derived metabolites and 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA) were higher compared with placebo. IPA and some unidentified metabolites correlated weakly to abdominal pain and quality of life. Gluten affected lipid metabolism weakly, but with no interpretable relationship to IBS. FODMAP affected gut microbial-derived metabolites relating to positive health outcomes. IPA and unknown metabolites correlated weakly to IBS severity. Minor symptom worsening by FODMAP intake must be weighed against general positive health aspects of FODMAP. The gluten intervention affected lipid metabolism weakly with no interpretable association to IBS severity. Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03653689.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) affected microbial-derived metabolites relating to positive health outcomes such as reduced risk of colon cancer, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes, as shown in previous studies. The minor IBS symptom induction by FODMAP intake must be weighed against the positive health aspects of FODMAP consumption. Gluten affected lipids weakly with no association to IBS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Nordin
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eddie Vuong
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anton Ribbenstedt
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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O'Connor LE, Hall KD, Herrick KA, Reedy J, Chung ST, Stagliano M, Courville AB, Sinha R, Freedman ND, Hong HG, Albert PS, Loftfield E. Metabolomic Profiling of an Ultraprocessed Dietary Pattern in a Domiciled Randomized Controlled Crossover Feeding Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:2181-2192. [PMID: 37276937 PMCID: PMC10447619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective markers of ultraprocessed foods (UPF) may improve the assessment of UPF intake and provide insight into how UPF influences health. OBJECTIVES To identify metabolites that differed between dietary patterns (DPs) high in or void of UPF according to Nova classification. METHODS In a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding trial (clinicaltrials.govNCT03407053), 20 domiciled healthy participants (mean ± standard deviation: age 31 ± 7 y, body mass index [kg/m2] 22 ± 11.6) consumed ad libitum a UPF-DP (80% UPF) and an unprocessed DP (UN-DP; 0% UPF) for 2 wk each. Metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma, collected at week 2 and 24-h, and spot urine, collected at weeks 1 and 2, of each DP. Linear mixed models, adjusted for energy intake, were used to identify metabolites that differed between DPs. RESULTS After multiple comparisons correction, 257 out of 993 plasma and 606 out of 1279 24-h urine metabolites differed between UPF-DP and UN-DP. Overall, 21 known and 9 unknown metabolites differed between DPs across all time points and biospecimen types. Six metabolites were higher (4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid, N-acetylaminooctanoic acid, 2-methoxyhydroquinone sulfate, 4-ethylphenylsulfate, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, and acesulfame) and 14 were lower following the UPF-DP; pimelic acid, was lower in plasma but higher in urine following the UPF-DP. CONCLUSIONS Consuming a DP high in, compared with 1 void of, UPF has a measurable impact on the short-term human metabolome. Observed differential metabolites could serve as candidate biomarkers of UPF intake or metabolic response in larger samples with varying UPF-DPs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03407053 and NCT03878108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E O'Connor
- Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA; Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Risk Factor Assessment Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin D Hall
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Risk Factor Assessment Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jill Reedy
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Risk Factor Assessment Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie T Chung
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Stagliano
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyokyoung G Hong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Biostatistics Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul S Albert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Biostatistics Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zhu M, Wang X, Wang K, Zhao Z, Dang Y, Ji G, Li F, Zhou W. Lingguizhugan decoction improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis partially by modulating gut microbiota and correlated metabolites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1066053. [PMID: 36779187 PMCID: PMC9908757 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1066053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lingguizhugan decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription that has been used to improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the anti-NASH effects and underlying mechanisms of Lingguizhugan decoction remain unclear. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce NASH, and then given Lingguizhugan decoction orally for four weeks. NASH indexes were evaluated by histopathological analysis and biochemical parameters including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver triglycerides (TG), etc. Fecal samples of rats were subjected to profile the changes of gut microbiota and metabolites using 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Bioinformatics was used to identify Lingguizhugan decoction reversed candidates, and Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to uncover the relationship among gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and NASH indexes. Results Four-week Lingguizhugan decoction treatment ameliorated MCD diet-induced NASH features, as evidenced by improved hepatic steatosis and inflammation, as well as decreased serum AST and ALT levels. Besides, Lingguizhugan decoction partially restored the changes in gut microbial community composition in NASH rats. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of 26 genera was significantly changed in NASH rats, and 11 genera (such as odoribacter, Ruminococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004, etc.) were identified as significantly reversed by Lingguizhugan decoction. Additionally, a total of 99 metabolites were significantly altered in NASH rats, and 57 metabolites (such as TDCA, Glutamic acid, Isocaproic acid, etc.) enriched in different pathways were reversed by Lingguizhugan decoction. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analyses revealed that most of the 57 metabolites were significantly correlated with 11 genera and NASH indexes. Conclusion Lingguizhugan decoction may exert protective effects on NASH partially by modulating gut microbiota and correlated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Zhu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Qi L, Chen Y. Circulating Bile Acids as Biomarkers for Disease Diagnosis and Prevention. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:251-270. [PMID: 36374935 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bile acids (BAs) are pivotal signaling molecules that regulate energy metabolism and inflammation. Recent epidemiological studies have reported specific alterations in circulating BA profiles in certain disease states, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and Alzheimer disease (AD). In the past decade, breakthroughs have been made regarding the translation of BA profiling into clinical use for disease prediction. In this review, we summarize and synthesize recent data on variation in circulating BA profiles in patients with various diseases to evaluate the value of these biomarkers in human plasma for early diagnosis. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This review is based on a collection of primary and review literature gathered from a PubMed search for BAs, obesity, T2DM, insulin resistance (IR), NAFLD, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), colon cancer, and AD, among other keywords. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Individuals with obesity, T2DM, HCC, CCA, or AD showed specific alterations in circulating BA profiles. These alterations may have existed long before the initial diagnosis of these diseases. The intricate relationship between obesity, IR, and NAFLD complicates the establishment of clear and independent associations between BA profiles and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alterations in the levels of total BAs and several BA species were seen across the entire spectrum of NAFLD, demonstrating significant increases with the worsening of histological features. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant circulating BA profiles are an early event in the onset and progression of obesity, T2DM, HCC, and AD. The pleiotropic effects of BAs explain these broad connections. Circulating BA profiles could provide a basis for the development of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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15
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Heianza Y, Wang X, Rood J, Clish CB, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Changes in circulating bile acid subtypes in response to weight-loss diets are associated with improvements in glycemic status and insulin resistance: The POUNDS Lost trial. Metabolism 2022; 136:155312. [PMID: 36122763 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various primary and secondary bile acids (BAs) may play pivotal roles in glucose/insulin metabolism. We investigated whether changes in specific BA subtypes were associated with long-term changes in glucose and insulin sensitivity. METHODS This study included 515 adults with overweight or obesity who participated in a 2-year intervention study of weight-loss diets with different macronutrient intakes. Circulating primary and secondary unconjugated BAs and their taurine-/glycine-conjugates were measured at baseline and 6 months after the interventions. We analyzed associations of changes in BA subtypes with two-year changes in fasting glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Greater decreases in primary and secondary BA subtypes induced by the interventions were significantly associated with greater reductions of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR at 6 months, showing various effects across the BA subtypes. The reductions of specific BA subtypes (chenodeoxycholate [CDCA], taurocholate [TCA], taurochenodeoxycholate [TCDCA], and taurodeoxycholate [TDCA]) were significantly related to improved glucose levels at 6 months. The initial (6-month) decreases in primary and secondary BA subtypes (glycochenodeoxycholate [GCDCA], TCDCA, and glycoursodeoxycholate [GUDCA]) were also significantly associated with long-term improvements in glucose and insulin metabolism over 2 years. We found significant interactions between dietary fat intake and changes in the BA subtypes for changes in glucose metabolism (Pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Weight-loss diet-induced changes in distinct subtypes of circulating BAs were associated with improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight or obesity. Dietary fat intake may modify the associations of changes in BA metabolism with glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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16
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Dhakal S, Dey M. Resistant starch type-4 intake alters circulating bile acids in human subjects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:930414. [PMID: 36337613 PMCID: PMC9631925 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.930414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistant starch (RS) type 4 (RS4) is a type of RS, a class of non-digestible prebiotic dietary fibers with a range of demonstrated metabolic health benefits to the host. On the other hand, bile acids (BA) have recently emerged as an important class of metabolic function mediators that involve host-microbiota interactions. RS consumption alters fecal and cecal BA in humans and rodents, respectively. The effect of RS intake on circulating BA concentrations remains unexplored in humans. Methods and results Using available plasma and stool samples from our previously reported double-blind, controlled, 2-arm crossover nutrition intervention trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01887964), a liquid-chromatography/mass-spectrometry-based targeted multiple reaction monitoring, and absolute quantifications, we assessed BA changes after 12 weeks of an average 12 g/day RS4-intake. Stool BA concentrations were lower post RS4 compared to the control, the two groups consuming similar macronutrients (n = 14/group). Partial least squares-discriminant analysis revealed distinct BA signatures in stool and plasma post interventions. The increased circulating BA concentrations were further investigated using linear mixed-effect modeling that controlled for potential confounders. A higher plasma abundance of several BA species post RS4 was observed (fold increase compared to control in parenthesis): taurocholic acid (1.92), taurodeoxycholic acid (1.60), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (1.58), glycodeoxycholic acid (1.79), and deoxycholic acid (1.77) (all, p < 0.05). Distinct microbiome ortholog-signatures were observed between RS4 and control groups (95% CI), derived using the Piphillin function-prediction algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA) of pre-existing 16S rRNA gene sequences. Association of Bifidobacterium adolescentis with secondary BA such as, deoxycholic acid (rho = 0.55, p = 0.05), glycodeoxycholic acid (rho = 0.65, p = 0.02), and taurodeoxycholic acid (rho = 0.56, p = 0.04) were observed in the RS4-group, but not in the control group (all, p > 0.05). Conclusion Our observations indicate a previously unknown in humans- RS4-associated systemic alteration of microbiota-derived secondary BA. Follow-up investigations of BA biosynthesis in the context of RS4 may provide molecular targets to understand and manipulate microbiome-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moul Dey
- School of Health and Consumer Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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17
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Byrd DA, Gomez M, Hogue S, Murphy G, Sampson JN, Vogtmann E, Albert P, Freedman ND, Sinha R, Loftfield E. Circulating Bile Acids and Adenoma Recurrence in the Context of Adherence to a High-Fiber, High-Fruit and Vegetable, and Low-Fat Dietary Intervention. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00533. [PMID: 36113023 PMCID: PMC9624497 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diet may affect bile acid (BA) metabolism and signaling. In turn, BA concentrations may be associated with cancer risk. We investigated (i) associations of BA concentrations with adenoma recurrence and (ii) the effect of a high-fiber, high-fruit and vegetable, and low-fat dietary intervention on serum BA concentrations. METHODS The Polyp Prevention Trial is a 4-year randomized, controlled trial that investigated the effect of a high-fiber, high-fruit and vegetable, and low-fat diet on colorectal adenoma recurrence. Among 170 participants who reported adhering to the intervention and 198 comparable control arm participants, we measured 15 BAs in baseline, year 2, and year 3 serum using targeted, quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We estimated associations of BAs with adenoma recurrence using multivariable logistic regression and the effect of the dietary intervention on BA concentrations using repeated-measures linear mixed-effects models. In a subset (N = 65), we investigated associations of BAs with 16S rRNA gene sequenced rectal tissue microbiome characteristics. RESULTS Baseline total BA concentrations were positively associated with adenoma recurrence (odds ratio Q3 vs Q1 = 2.17; 95% confidence interval = 1.19-4.04; Ptrend = 0.03). Although we found no effect of the dietary intervention on BA concentrations, pretrial dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with total baseline BAs (Spearman = -0.15; PFDR = 0.02). BA concentrations were associated with potential colorectal neoplasm-related microbiome features (lower alpha diversity and higher Bacteroides abundance). DISCUSSION Baseline circulating BAs were positively associated with adenoma recurrence. Although the dietary intervention did not modify BA concentrations, long-term fiber intake may be associated with lower concentrations of BAs that are associated with higher risk of adenoma recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doratha A. Byrd
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Gomez
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie Hogue
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gwen Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group (CSPRG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Albert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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18
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Chen SS, Lee D, Zhang H, Cao XH, DuPrez K. Long-term IgE immunological tolerance to peanut allergens: An alternative to Noon's daily desensitization paradigm. Cell Immunol 2022; 381:104611. [PMID: 36194940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we show that profound afferent long-term peanut-allergen-specific IgE immunological tolerance for 3 to 9 months induced sustained unresponsiveness (SU) in naïve or peanut-sensitized rodents after peanut allergen immunization. Rodents were vaccinated sublingually with a peanut allergen extract or recombinant peanut allergen in chenodeoxycholate (CDCA), a fanesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) agonist that downregulates SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c) and upregulates SHP in bone marrow-derived tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs). Approximately 90 ∼ 95 % of the total circulating PE-potentiated IgE and Ara h1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 6 peanut allergen-specific IgE responses were suppressed by recombinant peanut allergen-conjugated solid magnetic beads (sensitivity of 0.2 IU/ml). In contrast, peanut allergen-specific IgG production was not affected. Similarly, oleoylethanolamine (OEA), a peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist, and GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, induced long-term peanut-specific IgE tolerance when administered via the sublingual, oral or i.p. route. Prophylactic Ara h2 DNA immunization with caNRF2 and IL-35 coexpression induced Ara h2 IgE tolerance. In summary, peanut allergen vaccination with select natural molecular ligands of nuclear receptors induced long-term peanut allergen-specific IgE tolerance via the afferent limb, which indicates that vaccination is an immune tolerance-promoting strategy that is effective at the DC level and that differs from Noon's daily desensitization program, which is effective at the mast cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swey-Shen Chen
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States; Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Genetics, 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States; Department of Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy, AAIIT LLC, 12528 Kirkham Ct, STE 8, Poway, CA 92064, United States.
| | - David Lee
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Hailan Zhang
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States; Department of Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy, AAIIT LLC, 12528 Kirkham Ct, STE 8, Poway, CA 92064, United States
| | - Xi-Hua Cao
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Kevin DuPrez
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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19
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van der Vossen EWJ, de Goffau MC, Levin E, Nieuwdorp M. Recent insights into the role of microbiome in the pathogenesis of obesity. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221115320. [PMID: 35967920 PMCID: PMC9373125 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases and its rising prevalence the last couple of decades is a healthcare concern in many countries. Obesity is a multifactorial problem that is not only limited in its causation by diet and lack of exercise. Genetics but also environmental factors such as the gut microbiome should similarly be taken into account. A plethora of articles have been published, that from various different angles, attempt to disentangle the complex interaction between gut microbiota and obesity. Examples range from the effect of the gut microbiota on the host immune system to the pathophysiological pathways in which microbial-derived metabolites affect obesity. Various discordant gut microbiota findings are a result of this complexity. In this review, in addition to summarizing the classical role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of obesity, we attempt to view both the healthy and obesogenic effects of the gut microbiota as a consequence of the presence or absence of collective guilds/trophic networks. Lastly, we propose avenues and strategies for the future of gut microbiome research concerning obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard W. J. van der Vossen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Marcus C. de Goffau
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Horaizon BV, Delft, The Netherlands
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20
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Zhang X, Zhao A, Sandhu AK, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman BM. Red Raspberry and Fructo-Oligosaccharide Supplementation, Metabolic Biomarkers, and the Gut Microbiota in Adults with Prediabetes: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2022; 152:1438-1449. [PMID: 35421233 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and cardiometabolic status are associated, suggesting dietary interventions that alter the microbiota may affect metabolic health. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether supplementation with (poly)phenol-dense red raspberries (RRB), alone or with a fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) prebiotic, would improve biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in individuals with prediabetes (PreDM) and insulin resistance (IR) and whether the effects are related to modulation of the gut microbiota. METHODS Adults with PreDM-IR (n = 26; mean ± SEM age, 35 ± 2 years; fasting glucose, 5.7 ± 0.1 mmol/L; HOMA-IR, 3.3 ± 0.3) or who were metabolically healthy (reference group; n = 10; age, 31 ± 3 years; fasting glucose, 5.1 ± 0.2 mmol/L; HOMA-IR, 1.1 ± 0.1) participated in a randomized crossover trial with two 4-week supplementation periods, in which they consumed either RRB (125 g fresh equivalents) daily or RRB + 8g FOS daily, separated by a 4-week washout. The primary outcome variable was the change in the gut microbiota composition, assessed by shotgun sequencing before (baseline) and at the end of each supplementation period. Secondary outcomes were changes in glucoregulation, lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory status, and anthropometry. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03049631. RESULTS In PreDM-IR, RRB supplementation reduced hepatic-IR (-30.1% ± 14.6%; P = 0.04) and reduced plasma total and LDL cholesterol [-4.9% ± 1.8% (P = 0.04) and -7.2% ± 2.3% (P = 0.003), respectively] from baseline. Adding FOS (RRB + FOS) improved β-cell function [insulin secretion rate, +70.2% ± 32.8% (P = 0.02); Disposition Index, +94.4% ± 50.2% (P = 0.04)], but had no significant effect on plasma cholesterol compared to baseline. RRB increased Eubacterium eligens (2-fold) and decreased Ruminococcus gnavus (-60% ± 34%), whereas RRB + FOS increased Bifidobacterium spp. (4-fold) and decreased Blautia wexlerae (-23% ± 12%) from baseline (all P values ≤ 0.05). R. gnavus was positively correlated with hepatic-IR, and E. eligens and Bifidobacterium catenulatum were negatively correlated with cholesterol concentrations (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased Bifidobacterium spp., concurrently with reduced R. gnavus, was associated with metabolic improvements in adults with PreDM-IR, warranting further research on the mechanisms involved in (poly)phenol/FOS-microbial interactions with host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhuiqun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amandeep K Sandhu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Britt M Burton-Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Hu J, Zheng P, Qiu J, Chen Q, Zeng S, Zhang Y, Lin S, Zheng B. High-Amylose Corn Starch Regulated Gut Microbiota and Serum Bile Acids in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115905. [PMID: 35682591 PMCID: PMC9180756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High-amylose corn starch, as a kind of resistant starch, could profoundly regulate the gut microbiota and exert anti-obesity properties. Since the gut microbiota was found to improve metabolic health by altering circulating bile acids, therefore, here we investigated the association between the gut microbiota and serum bile acids in high fat diet induced obese mice fed with high-amylose corn starch. We found high-amylose corn starch could modulate the gut microbiota composition and partially restore the alternations in circulating bile acid profiles in obese mice. These influences on gut microbiota and circulating bile acids could be the underlying mechanisms of anti-obesity activity of high-amylose corn starch. Abstract High-amylose corn starch is well known for its anti-obesity activity, which is mainly based on the regulatory effects on gut microbiota. Recently, the gut microbiota has been reported to improve metabolic health by altering circulating bile acids. Therefore, in this study, the influence of high-amylose corn starch (HACS) on intestinal microbiota composition and serum bile acids was explored in mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD). The results demonstrated HACS treatment reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, and adipocyte hypertrophy as well as improved blood lipid profiles. Moreover, HACS also greatly impacted the gut microbiota with increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes relative abundance being observed. Furthermore, compared to ND-fed mice, the mice with HFD feeding exhibited more obvious changes in serum bile acids profiles than the HFD-fed mice with the HACS intervention, showing HACS might restore HFD-induced alterations to bile acid composition in blood. In summary, our results suggested that the underlying mechanisms of anti-obesity activity of HACS may involve its regulatory effects on gut microbiota and circulating bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.H.); (P.Z.); (Q.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Peiying Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.H.); (P.Z.); (Q.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jinhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.H.); (P.Z.); (Q.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shaoxiao Zeng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.H.); (P.Z.); (Q.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.H.); (P.Z.); (Q.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shaoling Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-15606025198 (S.L.); +86-13705009016 (B.Z.)
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.H.); (P.Z.); (Q.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-15606025198 (S.L.); +86-13705009016 (B.Z.)
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22
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Lozano CP, Wilkens LR, Shvetsov YB, Maskarinec G, Park SY, Shepherd JA, Boushey CJ, Hebert JR, Wirth MD, Ernst T, Randolph T, Lim U, Lampe JW, Le Marchand L, Hullar MAJ. Associations of the Dietary Inflammatory Index with total adiposity and ectopic fat through the gut microbiota, LPS, and C-reactive protein in the Multiethnic Cohort-Adiposity Phenotype Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1344-1356. [PMID: 34871345 PMCID: PMC9071464 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms linking a proinflammatory diet to obesity remain under investigation. The ability of diet to influence the gut microbiome (GM) in creating chronic low-grade systemic inflammation provides a plausible connection to adiposity. OBJECTIVES Assess whether any associations seen between the Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII score), total fat mass, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), or liver fat (percentage volume) operated through the GM or microbial related inflammatory factors, in a multiethnic cross-sectional study. METHODS In the Multiethnic Cohort-Adiposity Phenotype Study (812 men, 843 women, aged 60-77 y) we tested whether associations between the E-DII and total adiposity, VAT, and liver fat function through the GM, LPS, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). DXA-derived total fat mass, MRI-measured VAT, and MRI-based liver fat were measured. Participants provided stool and fasting blood samples and completed an FFQ. Stool bacterial DNA was amplified and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced at the V1-V3 region. E-DII score was computed from FFQ data, with a higher E-DII representing a more proinflammatory diet. The associations between E-DII score, GM (10 phyla, 28 genera, α diversity), and adiposity phenotypes were examined using linear regression and mediation analyses, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS There were positive total effects (c) between E-DII and total fat mass (c = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.90), VAT (c = 4.61; 95% CI: 2.95, 6.27), and liver fat (c = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.53). The association between E-DII score and total fat mass was mediated by LPS, Flavonifractor, [Ruminococcus] gnavus group, and Tyzzerella. The association between E-DII score and ectopic fat occurred indirectly through Fusobacteria, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Coprococcus 2, Escherichia-Shigella, [Eubacterium] xylanophilum group, Flavonifractor, Lachnoclostridium, [Ruminococcus] gnavus group, Tyzzerella, [Ruminococcus] gnavus group (VAT only), and α diversity (liver fat only). There was no significant association between E-DII score and adiposity phenotype through hs-CRP. CONCLUSIONS Associations found between E-DII and adiposity phenotypes occurred through the GM and LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Song-Yi Park
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - James R Hebert
- University of South Carolina,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- University of South Carolina,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- University of Maryland, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Randolph
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
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23
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Bartikoski BJ, de Oliveira MS, do Espírito Santo RC, dos Santos LP, dos Santos NG, Xavier RM. A Review of Metabolomic Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Bringing New Insights in Disease Pathogenesis, Treatment and Comorbidities. Metabolites 2022; 12:394. [PMID: 35629898 PMCID: PMC9146149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis provides a wealth of information that can be predictive of distinctive phenotypes of pathogenic processes and has been applied to better understand disease development. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with the establishment of chronic synovial inflammation that affects joints and peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and bone. There is a lack of useful disease biomarkers to track disease activity, drug response and follow-up in RA. In this review, we describe potential metabolic biomarkers that might be helpful in the study of RA pathogenesis, drug response and risk of comorbidities. TMAO (choline and trimethylamine oxide) and TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle products have been suggested to modulate metabolic profiles during the early stages of RA and are present systemically, which is a relevant characteristic for biomarkers. Moreover, the analysis of lipids such as cholesterol, FFAs and PUFAs may provide important information before disease onset to predict disease activity and treatment response. Regarding therapeutics, TNF inhibitors may increase the levels of tryptophan, valine, lysine, creatinine and alanine, whereas JAK/STAT inhibitors may modulate exclusively fatty acids. These observations indicate that different disease modifying antirheumatic drugs have specific metabolic profiles and can reveal differences between responders and non-responders. In terms of comorbidities, physical impairment represented by higher fatigue scores and muscle wasting has been associated with an increase in urea cycle, FFAs, tocopherols and BCAAs. In conclusion, synovial fluid, blood and urine samples from RA patients seem to provide critical information about the metabolic profile related to drug response, disease activity and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Jonson Bartikoski
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Marianne Schrader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Peterson dos Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Garcia dos Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Machado Xavier
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
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24
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Rubio-Lopez J, Di X, Yang W, Kohler I, Rensen PCN, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B. Plasma Levels of Bile Acids Are Related to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:715-723. [PMID: 34718617 PMCID: PMC8851912 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bile acids (BA) are known for their role in intestinal lipid absorption and can also play a role as signaling molecules to control energy metabolism. Prior evidence suggests that alterations in circulating BA levels and in the pool of circulating BA are linked to an increased risk of obesity and a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged adults. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between plasma levels of BA with cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of well-phenotyped, relatively healthy young adults. METHODS Body composition, brown adipose tissue, serum classical cardiometabolic risk factors, and a set of 8 plasma BA (including glyco-conjugated forms) in 136 young adults (age 22.1 ± 2.2 years, 67% women) were measured. RESULTS Plasma levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) were higher in men than in women, although these differences disappeared after adjusting for body fat percentage. Furthermore, cholic acid (CA), CDCA, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) levels were positively, yet weakly associated, with lean body mass (LBM) levels, while GDCA and glycolithocholic acid (GLCA) levels were negatively associated with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by brown adipose tissue. Interestingly, glycocholic acid (GCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), and GUDCA were positively associated with glucose and insulin serum levels, HOMA index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-8 levels, but negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ApoA1, and adiponectin levels, yet these significant correlations partially disappeared after the inclusion of LBM as a confounder. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that plasma levels of BA might be sex dependent and are associated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors in young and relatively healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - José Rubio-Lopez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, Spain
| | - Xinyu Di
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Yang
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Jonatan R. Ruiz, PhD, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), RC Leiden, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Borja Martinez-Tellez, PhD, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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25
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Bile Acids, Gut Microbes, and the Neighborhood Food Environment-a Potential Driver of Colorectal Cancer Health Disparities. mSystems 2022; 7:e0117421. [PMID: 35103491 PMCID: PMC8805634 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01174-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) facilitate nutrient digestion and absorption and act as signaling molecules in a number of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Expansion of the BA pool and increased exposure to microbial BA metabolites has been associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. It is well established that diet influences systemic BA concentrations and microbial BA metabolism. Therefore, consumption of nutrients that reduce colonic exposure to BAs and microbial BA metabolites may be an effective method for reducing CRC risk, particularly in populations disproportionately burdened by CRC. Individuals who identify as Black/African American (AA/B) have the highest CRC incidence and death in the United States and are more likely to live in a food environment with an inequitable access to BA mitigating nutrients. Thus, this review discusses the current evidence supporting diet as a contributor to CRC disparities through BA-mediated mechanisms and relationships between these mechanisms and barriers to maintaining a low-risk diet.
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26
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Heianza Y, Zhou T, He H, Rood J, Clish CB, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Changes in bile acid subtypes and long-term successful weight-loss in response to weight-loss diets: The POUNDS lost trial. Liver Int 2022; 42:363-373. [PMID: 34748263 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary bile acids (BAs) are synthesized in the liver and secondary BAs result from intestinal microbial activity. Different subtypes of BAs may be involved in regulating adiposity and energy homeostasis. We examined how changes in circulating BA subtypes induced by weight-loss diets were associated with improvements in adiposity, regional fat deposition and energy metabolism among overweight and obese adults. METHODS The study included 551 subjects who participated in a 2-year weight-loss diet intervention trial. Circulating 14 BA subtypes (primary and secondary unconjugated BAs and their taurine-/glycine-conjugates) were measured at baseline and 6 months. Associations of changes in BAs with changes in weight, waist circumference, resting energy expenditure (REE), body fat composition and fat distribution were evaluated. RESULTS Greater decreases in primary BAs (cholate and chenodeoxycholate) and secondary BAs (deoxycholate and lithocholate) and their conjugates (except for glycolithocholate) were associated with more decreases in weight and waist circumference at 6 months (P-after-false-discovery-rate-correction [PFDR ] < .05). We found that changes in glycocholate and glycoursodeoxycholate were consistently associated with reductions of general and central adiposity, REE, whole-body fat and visceral adipose tissue (PFDR < .05). Further, the initial (6-month) changes in BA subtypes were differently predictive of successful weight loss over 2 years. CONCLUSIONS The decreases in primary and secondary BA subtypes after eating low-calorie weight-loss diets were significantly associated with improving adiposity, fat accumulation and energy metabolism, suggesting that specific BA subtypes would be predictive of long-term successful weight loss and individuals' response to the treatment of weight-loss diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hua He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. Physiological Role of Bile Acids Modified by the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2021; 10:68. [PMID: 35056517 PMCID: PMC8777643 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are produced from cholesterol in the liver and are termed primary BAs. Primary BAs are conjugated with glycine and taurine in the liver and then released into the intestine via the gallbladder. After the deconjugation of glycine or taurine by the gut microbiome, primary BAs are converted into secondary BAs by the gut microbiome through modifications such as dehydroxylation, oxidation, and epimerization. Most BAs in the intestine are reabsorbed and transported to the liver, where both primary and secondary BAs are conjugated with glycine or taurine and rereleased into the intestine. Thus, unconjugated primary Bas, as well as conjugated and unconjugated secondary BAs, have been modified by the gut microbiome. Some of the BAs reabsorbed from the intestine spill into the systemic circulation, where they bind to a variety of nuclear and cell-surface receptors in tissues, whereas some of the BAs are not reabsorbed and bind to receptors in the terminal ileum. BAs play crucial roles in the physiological regulation of various tissues. Furthermore, various factors, such as diet, age, and antibiotics influence BA composition. Here, we review recent findings regarding the physiological roles of BAs modified by the gut microbiome in the metabolic, immune, and nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kiriyama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan;
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nochi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan;
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Xu D, Fu L, Pan D, Lu Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang S, Sun G. Role of Whole Grain Consumption in Glycaemic Control of Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 14:109. [PMID: 35010985 PMCID: PMC8746707 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have indicated beneficial effects of whole grain consumption on human health. However, no evidence based on randomized controlled trials has been established. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of whole grain consumption in glycaemic control of diabetic patients. METHODS A comprehensive search in four databases (Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane library) was conducted to collect potential articles which measured the roles of whole grain consumption on glycaemic control up to October 2021. RESULTS A total of 16 eligible trials involving 1068 subjects were identified to evaluate the pooled effect. The overall results indicated that compared with the control group, whole grain intake presented a significantly reduced concentration in fast plasma glucose (WMD = -0.51 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.28; I2 = 88.6%, p < 0.001), a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (WMD = -0.39 μU × mol/L2, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.04; I2 = 58.4%, p = 0.014), and glycosylated haemoglobin (WMD = -0.56%, 95% CI: -0.88, -0.25, I2 = 88.5%, p < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed in fast plasma insulin level between groups (SMD = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.25, 0.14; I2 = 40.7%, p = 0.120). In terms of incremental area under the curve (iAUC), data suggested that whole grain effected a significant decrease in Glucose-iAUC (WMD = -233.09 min × mmol/L, 95% CI: -451.62, -14.57; I2 = 96.1%, p < 0.001) and Insulin-iAUC (SMD = -4.80, 95% CI: -8.36, -1.23; I2 = 89.9%, p = 0.002), although only in a small number of studies. Of note, there is evidence for modest unexplained heterogeneity in the present meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Whole grain consumption confers a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes. Regrettably, since relevant studies were scarce, we failed to provide confident evidence of whole grain consumption on acute effects including Glucose-iAUC and Insulin-iAUC, which should be addressed in further trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.X.); (D.P.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Lingmeng Fu
- Department of Quality Management, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.X.); (D.P.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.X.); (D.P.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.X.); (D.P.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.X.); (D.P.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.X.); (D.P.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.X.); (D.P.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.)
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Wu X, Yin S, Cheng C, Xu C, Peng J. Inclusion of Soluble Fiber During Gestation Regulates Gut Microbiota, Improves Bile Acid Homeostasis, and Enhances the Reproductive Performance of Sows. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:756910. [PMID: 34869730 PMCID: PMC8635514 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.756910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between the dietary fiber and the gut microbes can regulate host bile acid metabolism. This study sought to explore the effects of guar gum combined with pregelatinized waxy maize starch (GCW) in a gestation diet on reproductive performance, gut microbiota composition, and bile acid homeostasis of sows. A total of 61 large white sows were randomly grouped into the control (n = 33) and 2% GCW (n = 28) groups during gestation. GCW diet increased birth-weight of piglets, and decreased the percentage of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) piglets. In addition, dietary GCW reduced gut microbial diversity and modulated gut microbial composition in sows on day 109 of gestation. The relative abundance of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) gene-encoding bacteria, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides decreased after GCW administration, whereas no significant difference was observed in the fecal level of total glycine-conjugated and taurine-conjugated bile acids between the two groups. Dietary GCW increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae (one of few taxa comprising 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria), which was associated with elevated fecal deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the GCW group. GCW administration lowered the concentrations of plasma total bile acid (TBA) and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) (reflecting lower hepatic bile acid synthesis) at day 90 and day 109 of gestation compared with the control diet. Furthermore, the levels of plasma glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and glycohyocholic acid (GHCA) were lower in the GCW group compared with the control group. Spearman correlation analysis showed alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota by GCW treatment was associated with improved bile acid homeostasis and reproductive performance of sows. In conclusion, GCW-induced improves bile acid homeostasis during gestation which may enhance reproductive performance of sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengnan Yin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanshang Cheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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Jung Y, Koo BK, Jang SY, Kim D, Lee H, Lee DH, Joo SK, Jung YJ, Park JH, Yoo T, Choi M, Lee MK, Kang SW, Chang MS, Kim W, Hwang GS. Association between circulating bile acid alterations and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis independent of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Liver Int 2021; 41:2892-2902. [PMID: 34358397 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bile acid (BA) dysregulation is related to not only metabolic diseases but also nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether circulating BA levels are altered according to the histological severity of NAFLD independent of metabolic derangements. METHODS Global metabolic profiling and targeted BA analysis using sera collected from biopsy-proven no-NAFLD (n = 67), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) (n = 99), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 75) subjects were performed sequentially. Circulating metabolome analysis integrated with the hepatic transcriptome was performed to elucidate the mechanistic basis of altered circulating BA profiles after stratification by obesity (body mass index ≤ 25 kg/m2 ). Circulating BA alterations were also validated in an independent validation cohort (29 no-NAFLD, 70 NAFL and 37 NASH). RESULTS Global profiling analysis showed that BA was the metabolite significantly altered in NASH compared to NAFL. Targeted BA analysis demonstrated that glyco-/tauro-conjugated primary BAs were commonly increased in nonobese and obese NASH, while unconjugated primary BAs increased only in nonobese NASH. These characteristic primary BA level changes were maintained even after stratification according to diabetes status and were replicated in the independent validation cohort. Compared to nonobese NAFL patients, nonobese NASH patients exhibited upregulated hepatic expression of CYP8B1. CONCLUSIONS BA metabolism is dysregulated as the histological severity of NAFLD worsens, independent of obesity and diabetes status; dysregulation is more prominent in nonobese NAFLD patients. Metabolome-driven omics approach provides new insight into our understanding of altered BA metabolism associated with individual phenotypes of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngae Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Jang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeon Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyeong Yoo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Qi L, Tian Y, Chen Y. Circulating Bile Acid Profiles: A Need for Further Examination. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3093-3112. [PMID: 34279029 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bile acids (BAs) are increasingly recognized as metabolic and chronobiologic integrators that synchronize the systemic metabolic response to nutrient availability. Alterations in the concentration and/or composition of circulating BAs are associated with a number of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This review summarizes recent evidence that links abnormal circulating BA profiles to multiple metabolic disorders, and discusses the possible mechanisms underlying the connections to determine the role of BA profiling as a novel biomarker for these abnormalities. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The review is based on a collection of primary and review literature gathered from a PubMed search of BAs, T2DM, IR, and MAFLD, among other keywords. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Obese and IR subjects appear to have elevated fasting circulating BAs but lower postprandial increase when compared with controls. The possible underlying mechanisms are disruption in the synchronization between the feeding/fasting cycle and the properties of BA-regulated metabolic pathways. Whether BA alterations are associated per se with MAFLD remains inconclusive. However, increased fasting circulating BAs level was associated with higher risk of advanced fibrosis stage. Thus, for patients with MAFLD, dynamically monitoring the circulating BA profiles may be a promising tool for the stratification of MAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the concentration, composition, and rhythm of circulating BAs are associated with adverse events in systemic metabolism. Subsequent investigations regarding these aspects of circulating BA kinetics may help predict future metabolic disorders and guide therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Chenodeoxycholic Acid Pharmacology in Biotechnology and Transplantable Pharmaceutical Applications for Tissue Delivery: An Acute Preclinical Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092437. [PMID: 34572086 PMCID: PMC8472107 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary bile acids (PBAs) are produced and released into human gut as a result of cholesterol catabolism in the liver. A predominant PBA is chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), which in a recent study in our laboratory, showed significant excipient-stabilizing effects on microcapsules carrying insulinoma β-cells, in vitro, resulting in improved cell functions and insulin release, in the hyperglycemic state. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the applications of CDCA in bio-encapsulation and transplantation of primary healthy viable islets, preclinically, in type 1 diabetes. METHODS Healthy islets were harvested from balb/c mice, encapsulated in CDCA microcapsules, and transplanted into the epididymal tissues of 6 syngeneic diabetic mice, post diabetes confirmation. Pre-transplantation, the microcapsules' morphology, size, CDCA-deep layer distribution, and physical features such as swelling ratio and mechanical strength were analyzed. Post-transplantation, animals' weight, bile acids', and proinflammatory biomarkers' concentrations were analyzed. The control group was diabetic mice that were transplanted encapsulated islets (without PBA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Islet encapsulation by PBA microcapsules did not compromise the microcapsules' morphology or features. Furthermore, the PBA-graft performed better in terms of glycemic control and resulted in modulation of the bile acid profile in the brain. This is suggestive that the improved glycemic control was mediated via brain-related effects. However, the improvement in graft insulin delivery and glycemic control was short-term.
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Byrd DA, Sinha R, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Freedman ND, Sampson J, Loftfield E. An investigation of cross-sectional associations of a priori-selected dietary components with circulating bile acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1802-1813. [PMID: 34477829 PMCID: PMC8574696 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature suggests chronically higher bile acid (BA) concentrations may be associated with multiple health conditions. Diet may affect BA metabolism and signaling; however, evidence from human populations is lacking. OBJECTIVES We systematically investigated cross-sectional associations of a priori-selected dietary components (fiber, alcohol, coffee, fat) with circulating BA concentrations. METHODS We used targeted, quantitative LC-MS/MS panels to measure 15 circulating BAs in a subset of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC; n = 2224) and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO; n = 986) comprising Finnish male smokers and United States men and women, respectively. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate associations of each dietary component with log-transformed BAs; exponentiated coefficients estimate proportional differences. We included the median of the dietary component quartile in linear regression models to test for trend. RESULTS In ATBC, fiber was inversely associated with multiple circulating BAs. The proportional difference was -10.09% (95% CI: -19.29 to 0.16; P-trend = 0.04) when comparing total BAs among those in the highest relative to the lowest fiber quartile. Alcohol, trans fat, and polyunsaturated fat were positively associated with BAs in ATBC. The proportional difference comparing total BAs among those in the highest relative to the lowest alcohol quartile was 8.76% (95% CI: -3.10 to 22.06; P-trend = 0.03). Coffee and monounsaturated fat were inversely associated with BAs. The proportional difference comparing total BAs among those in the highest relative to the lowest coffee quartile was -24.03% (95% CI: -31.57 to -15.66; P-trend < 0.0001). In PLCO, no dietary components were associated with BAs except fiber, which was inversely associated with tauroursodeoxycholic acid. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol, coffee, certain fat subtypes, and fiber were associated with circulating concentrations of multiple BAs among Finnish male smokers. Given the potential role of BAs in disease risk, further investigation of the effects of diet on BAs in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doratha A Byrd
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jasbi P, Shi X, Chu P, Elliott N, Hudson H, Jones D, Serrano G, Chow B, Beach TG, Liu L, Jentarra G, Gu H. Metabolic Profiling of Neocortical Tissue Discriminates Alzheimer's Disease from Mild Cognitive Impairment, High Pathology Controls, and Normal Controls. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4303-4317. [PMID: 34355917 PMCID: PMC11060066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for an estimated 60-80% of cases, and is the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. While considerable advancements have been made in the clinical care of AD, it remains a complicated disorder that can be difficult to identify definitively in its earliest stages. Recently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics has shown significant potential for elucidation of disease mechanisms and identification of therapeutic targets as well diagnostic and prognostic markers that may be useful in resolving some of the difficulties affecting clinical AD studies, such as effective stratification. In this study, complementary gas chromatography- and liquid chromatography-MS platforms were used to detect and monitor 2080 metabolites and features in 48 postmortem tissue samples harvested from the superior frontal gyrus of male and female subjects. Samples were taken from four groups: 12 normal control (NC) patients, 12 cognitively normal subjects characterized as high pathology controls (HPC), 12 subjects with nonspecific mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 12 subjects with AD. Multivariate statistics informed the construction and cross-validation (p < 0.01) of partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models defined by a nine-metabolite panel of disease markers (lauric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and four unidentified mass spectral features). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed high predictive accuracy of the resulting PLS-DA models for discrimination of NC (97%), HPC (92%), MCI (∼96%), and AD (∼96%) groups. Pathway analysis revealed significant disturbances in lysine degradation, fatty acid metabolism, and the degradation of branched-chain amino acids. Network analysis showed significant enrichment of 11 enzymes, predominantly within the mitochondria. The results expand basic knowledge of the metabolome related to AD and reveal pathways that can be targeted therapeutically. This study also provides a promising basis for the development of larger multisite projects to validate these candidate markers in readily available biospecimens such as blood to enable the effective screening, rapid diagnosis, accurate surveillance, and therapeutic monitoring of AD. All raw mass spectrometry data have been deposited to MassIVE (data set identifier MSV000087165).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Jasbi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 850 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 850 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Systems Biology Institute, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Geidy Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona 85351, United States
| | - Brandon Chow
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 850 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona 85351, United States
| | - Li Liu
- College of Health Solutions, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Garilyn Jentarra
- Precision Medicine Program, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, Arizona 85308, United States
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 850 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
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Petrov ME, Jiao N, Panchanathan SS, Reifsnider E, Coonrod DV, Liu L, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Gu H, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Whisner CM. Protocol of the Snuggle Bug/Acurrucadito Study: a longitudinal study investigating the influences of sleep-wake patterns and gut microbiome development in infancy on rapid weight gain, an early risk factor for obesity. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:374. [PMID: 34465311 PMCID: PMC8405858 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight, obesity, and associated comorbidities are a pressing global issue among children of all ages, particularly among low-income populations. Rapid weight gain (RWG) in the first 6 months of infancy contributes to childhood obesity. Suboptimal sleep-wake patterns and gut microbiota (GM) have also been associated with childhood obesity, but little is known about their influences on early infant RWG. Sleep may alter the GM and infant metabolism, and ultimately impact obesity; however, data on the interaction between sleep-wake patterns and GM development on infant growth are scarce. In this study, we aim to investigate associations of infant sleep-wake patterns and GM development with RWG at 6 months and weight gain at 12 months. We also aim to evaluate whether temporal interactions exist between infant sleep-wake patterns and GM, and if these relations influence RWG. METHODS The Snuggle Bug/ Acurrucadito study is an observational, longitudinal study investigating whether 24-h, actigraphy-assessed, sleep-wake patterns and GM development are associated with RWG among infants in their first year. Based on the Ecological Model of Growth, we propose a novel conceptual framework to incorporate sleep-wake patterns and the GM as metabolic contributors for RWG in the context of maternal-infant interactions, and familial and socio-physical environments. In total, 192 mother-infant pairs will be recruited, and sleep-wake patterns and GM development assessed at 3 and 8 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum. Covariates including maternal and child characteristics, family and environmental factors, feeding practices and dietary intake of infants and mothers, and stool-derived metabolome and exfoliome data will be assessed. The study will apply machine learning techniques combined with logistic time-varying effect models to capture infant growth and aid in elucidating the dynamic associations between study variables and RWG. DISCUSSION Repeated, valid, and objective assessment at clinically and developmentally meaningful intervals will provide robust measures of longitudinal sleep, GM, and growth. Project findings will provide evidence for future interventions to prevent RWG in infancy and subsequent obesity. The work also may spur the development of evidence-based guidelines to address modifiable factors that influence sleep-wake and GM development and prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Petrov
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Nana Jiao
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sarada S Panchanathan
- Valleywise Comprehensive Health Center - Phoenix (Pediatric Clinic), 2525 E. Roosevelt St., Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85007, USA
| | - Elizabeth Reifsnider
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Dean V Coonrod
- Valleywise Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2525 E. Roosevelt St., Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave BDA230B, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 875701, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd. Street, Suite 501, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, 2253 TAMU, 112 Cater-Mattil, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, 2253 TAMU, 112 Cater-Mattil, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd. Street, Suite 501, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Liu J, Wang Y, Xue L, Nie C, Sun J, Fan M, Qian H, Wang L, Li Y. Novel Metabolic Regulation of Bile Acid Responses to Low Cholesterol in Whole-Grain-Diet-Fed Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8440-8447. [PMID: 34286573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, a whole-grain diet could ameliorate this issue in a number of ways, including by regulating bile acid metabolism. However, the potential mechanism is unclear. The aim of the current study is to explore the effects of whole-grain diets (brown rice diet and whole wheat diet) on bile acid homeostasis. After intervention for 8 weeks in mouse model, whole-grain diets showed reduced feed conversion ratio, and the lipid levels (total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG)) were also meliorated in the serum and liver of mice. Moreover, whole-grain diets reduced the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) (cholesterol synthesis) in the liver of mice. Interestingly, whole-grain diets not only promoted the mRNA expressions of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) (reverse cholesterol transport) but also facilitated the expressions of cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (CYP7a1) and cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (CYP27a1) (bile acid synthesis). Further study found that whole-grain diets promoted intestinal bile acid reabsorption and reduced bile acid excretion. Our study provided a novel metabolic regulation of bile acids in response to reduced cholesterol levels induced by whole-grain diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lamei Xue
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Juan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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Circulating bile acids as a link between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular health: impact of prebiotics, probiotics and polyphenol-rich foods. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:161-180. [PMID: 33926590 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of probiotic, prebiotic and polyphenol-rich interventions on fasting lipid profiles have been reported, with changes in the gut microbiota composition believed to play an important role in lipid regulation. Primary bile acids, which are involved in the digestion of fats and cholesterol metabolism, can be converted by the gut microbiota to secondary bile acids, some species of which are less well reabsorbed and consequently may be excreted in the stool. This can lead to increased hepatic bile acid neo-synthesis, resulting in a net loss of circulating low-density lipoprotein. Bile acids may therefore provide a link between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular health. This narrative review presents an overview of bile acid metabolism and the role of probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenol-rich foods in modulating circulating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers and bile acids. Although findings from human studies are inconsistent, there is growing evidence for associations between these dietary components and improved lipid CVD risk markers, attributed to modulation of the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. These include increased bile acid neo-synthesis, due to bile sequestering action, bile salt metabolising activity and effects of short-chain fatty acids generated through bacterial fermentation of fibres. Animal studies have demonstrated effects on the FXR/FGF-15 axis and hepatic genes involved in bile acid synthesis (CYP7A1) and cholesterol synthesis (SREBP and HMGR). Further human studies are needed to determine the relationship between diet and bile acid metabolism and whether circulating bile acids can be utilised as a potential CVD risk biomarker.
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Li X, Kimita W, Cho J, Ko J, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Dietary Fibre Intake in Type 2 and New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis: A Nested Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041112. [PMID: 33805259 PMCID: PMC8066410 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between intake of dietary fibre and glucose metabolism has been extensively investigated in numerous metabolic disorders. However, little is known about this association in individuals after an attack of acute pancreatitis (AP). The aim was to investigate the associations between intake of dietary fibre and markers of glucose metabolism in individuals with new-onset prediabetes or diabetes after acute pancreatitis (NODAP), pre-exiting type 2 prediabetes or diabetes, and normoglycaemia after acute pancreatitis. This cross-sectional study was nested within the parent prospective longitudinal cohort study. The studied markers of glucose metabolism were fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin. Habitual intake of dietary fibre was determined using the EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted. The study included a total of 108 individuals after AP. In the NODAP group, increased intakes of total fibre (β = −0.154, p = 0.006), insoluble fibre (β = −0.133, p = 0.01), and soluble fibre (β = −0.13, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with a reduction in fasting plasma glucose. Increased intakes of vegetables (β = −0.069, p = 0.004) and nuts (β = −0.039, p = 0.038) were significantly associated with a reduction in fasting plasma glucose. Increased intake of nuts (β = −0.054, p = 0.001) was also significantly associated with a reduction in glycated haemoglobin. None of the above associations were significant in the other study groups. Habitual intake of dietary fibre was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose in individuals with NODAP. Individuals after an attack of AP may benefit from increasing their intake of dietary fibre (specifically, vegetables and nuts) with a view to preventing NODAP.
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Zhao A, Zhang L, Zhang X, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman BM, Sandhu AK. Comprehensive Characterization of Bile Acids in Human Biological Samples and Effect of 4-Week Strawberry Intake on Bile Acid Composition in Human Plasma. Metabolites 2021; 11:99. [PMID: 33578858 PMCID: PMC7916557 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary bile acids (BAs) and their gut microbial metabolites have a role in regulating human health. Comprehensive characterization of BAs species in human biological samples will aid in understanding the interaction between diet, gut microbiota, and bile acid metabolism. Therefore, we developed a qualitative method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) to identify BAs in human plasma, feces, and urine samples. A quantitative method was developed using UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole (QQQ) and applied to a previous clinical trial conducted by our group to understand the bile acid metabolism in overweight/obese middle-aged adults (n = 34) after four weeks strawberry vs. control intervention. The qualitative study tentatively identified a total of 81 BAs in human biological samples. Several BA glucuronide-conjugates were characterized for the first time in human plasma and/or urine samples. The four-week strawberry intervention significantly reduced plasma concentrations of individual secondary BAs, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and their glycine conjugates, as well as glycoursodeoxycholic acid compared to control (p < 0.05); total glucuronide-, total oxidized-, total dehydroxyl-, total secondary, and total plasma BAs were also lowered compared to control (p < 0.05). The reduced secondary BAs concentrations suggest that regular strawberry intake modulates the microbial metabolism of BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amandeep K. Sandhu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; (A.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (I.E.); (B.M.B.-F.)
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Panzitt K, Fickert P, Wagner M. Regulation of autophagy by bile acids and in cholestasis - CholestoPHAGY or CholeSTOPagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166017. [PMID: 33242590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway in which the cell self-digests its own components to provide nutrients in harsh environmental conditions. It also represents an opportunity to rid the cell of superfluous and damaged organelles, misfolded proteins or invaded microorganisms. Liver autophagy contributes to basic hepatic functions such as lipid, glycogen and protein turnover. Deregulated hepatic autophagy has been linked to many liver diseases including alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, hepatitis B and C infections, liver fibrosis as well as liver cancer. Recently, bile acids and the bile acid receptor FXR have been implicated in the regulation of hepatic autophagy, which implies a role of autophagy also for cholestatic liver diseases. This review summarizes the current evidence of bile acid mediated effects on autophagy and how this affects cholestatic liver diseases. Although detailed studies are lacking, we suggest a concept that the activity of autophagy in cholestasis depends on the disease stage, where autophagy may be induced at early stages ("cholestophagy") but may be impaired in prolonged cholestatic states ("cholestopagy").
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Panzitt
- Research Unit for Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Fickert
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Research Unit for Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Diotallevi C, Fava F, Gobbetti M, Tuohy K. Healthy dietary patterns to reduce obesity-related metabolic disease: polyphenol-microbiome interactions unifying health effects across geography. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:437-444. [PMID: 32941185 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The spread of the Western lifestyle across the globe has led to a pandemic in obesity-related metabolic disease. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), Okinawa diet (OkD) and Nordic diet, derived from very different regions of the world and culinary traditions, have a large whole plant food component and are associated with reduced disease risk. This review focuses on polyphenol : microbiome interactions as one possible common mechanistic driver linking the protective effects whole plant foods against metabolic disease across healthy dietary patterns irrespective of geography. RECENT FINDINGS Although mechanistic evidence in humans is still scarce, animal studies suggest that polyphenol or polyphenol rich foods induce changes within the gut microbiota and its metabolic output of trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids and small phenolic acids. These cross-kingdom signaling molecules regulate mammalian lipid and glucose homeostasis, inflammation and energy storage or thermogenesis, physiological processes determining obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. However, it appears that where in the intestine metabolites are produced, the microbiota communities involved, and interactions between the metabolites themselves, can all influence physiological responses, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of the kinetics and site of production of microbial metabolites within the gut. SUMMARY Interactions between polyphenols and metabolites produced by the gut microbiota are emerging as a possible unifying protective mechanism underpinning diverse healthy dietary patterns signaling across culinary traditions, across geography and across domains of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Diotallevi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Freie Universität Bozen-Libera Università di Bolzano, Bolzano
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Freie Universität Bozen-Libera Università di Bolzano, Bolzano
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
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Gutierrez D, Weinstock A, Antharam VC, Gu H, Jasbi P, Shi X, Dirks B, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Maldonado J, Guinan J, Thangamani S. Antibiotic-induced gut metabolome and microbiome alterations increase the susceptibility to Candida albicans colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5643884. [PMID: 31769789 PMCID: PMC6934136 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-induced alterations in the gut ecosystem increases the susceptibility to Candida albicans, yet the mechanisms involved remains poorly understood. Here we show that mice treated with the broad-spectrum antibiotic cefoperazone promoted the growth, morphogenesis and gastrointestinal (GI) colonization of C. albicans. Using metabolomics, we revealed that the cecal metabolic environment of the mice treated with cefoperazone showed a significant alteration in intestinal metabolites. Levels of carbohydrates, sugar alcohols and primary bile acids increased, whereas carboxylic acids and secondary bile acids decreased in antibiotic treated mice susceptible to C. albicans. Furthermore, using in-vitro assays, we confirmed that carbohydrates, sugar alcohols and primary bile acids promote, whereas carboxylic acids and secondary bile acids inhibit the growth and morphogenesis of C. albicans. In addition, in this study we report changes in the levels of gut metabolites correlated with shifts in the gut microbiota. Taken together, our in-vivo and in-vitro results indicate that cefoperazone-induced metabolome and microbiome alterations favor the growth and morphogenesis of C. albicans, and potentially play an important role in the GI colonization of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gutierrez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Ave. Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Anthony Weinstock
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Ave. Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Vijay C Antharam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Human Development, Methodist University, 5400 Ramsey St, Fayetteville, NC 28311, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85280, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85280, USA.,School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Juan Maldonado
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jack Guinan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Ave. Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Ave. Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
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Dosedělová V, Itterheimová P, Kubáň P. Analysis of bile acids in human biological samples by microcolumn separation techniques: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:68-85. [PMID: 32645223 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are a group of compounds essential for lipid digestion and absorption with a steroid skeleton and a carboxylate side chain usually conjugated to glycine or taurine. Bile acids are regulatory molecules for a number of metabolic processes and can be used as biomarkers of various disorders. Since the middle of the twentieth century, the detection of bile acids has evolved from simple qualitative analysis to accurate quantification in complicated mixtures. Advanced methods are required to characterize and quantify individual bile acids in these mixtures. This article overviews the literature from the last two decades (2000-2020) and focuses on bile acid analysis in various human biological samples. The methods for sample preparation, including the sample treatment of conventional (blood plasma, blood serum, and urine) and unconventional samples (bile, saliva, duodenal/gastric juice, feces, etc.) are shortly discussed. Eventually, the focus is on novel analytical approaches and methods for each particular biological sample, providing an overview of the microcolumn separation techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, used in their analysis. This is followed by a discussion on selected clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Dosedělová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Itterheimová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kubáň
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Microbial-Derived Secondary Bile Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:47. [PMID: 32681421 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal is to review the connection between gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease, with specific emphasis on bile acids, and the influence of diet in modulating this relationship. RECENT FINDINGS Bile acids exert a much broader range of biological functions than initially recognized, including regulation of cardiovascular function through direct and indirect mechanisms. There is a bi-directional relationship between gut microbiota modulation of bile acid-signaling properties, and their effects on gut microbiota composition. Evidence, primarily from rodent models and limited human trials, suggest that dietary modulation of the gut microbiome significantly impacts bile acid metabolism and subsequently host physiological response(s). Available evidence suggests that the link between diet, gut microbiota, and CVD risk is potentially mediated via bile acid effects on diverse metabolic pathways. However, further studies are needed to confirm/expand and translate these findings in a clinical setting.
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Untargeted Profiling of Bile Acids and Lysophospholipids Identifies the Lipid Signature Associated with Glycemic Outcome in an Obese Non-Diabetic Clinical Cohort. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071049. [PMID: 32679761 PMCID: PMC7407211 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high throughput assays for assessing lipid metabolism in metabolic disorders, especially in diabetes research, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), provides a reliable tool for identifying and characterizing potential biomarkers in human plasma for early diagnosis or prognosis of the disease and/or responses to a specific treatment. Predicting the outcome of weight loss or weight management programs is a challenging yet important aspect of such a program’s success. The characterization of potential biomarkers of metabolic disorders, such as lysophospholipids and bile acids, in large human clinical cohorts could provide a useful tool for successful predictions. In this study, we validated an LC-MS method combining the targeted and untargeted detection of these lipid species. Its potential for biomarker discovery was demonstrated in a well-characterized overweight/obese cohort subjected to a low-caloric diet intervention, followed by a weight maintenance phase. Relevant markers predicting successful responses to the low-caloric diet intervention for both weight loss and glycemic control improvements were identified. The response to a controlled weight loss intervention could be best predicted using the baseline concentration of three lysophospholipids (PC(22:4/0:0), PE(17:1/0:0), and PC(22:5/0:0)). Insulin resistance on the other hand could be best predicted using clinical parameters and levels of circulating lysophospholipids and bile acids. Our approach provides a robust tool not only for research purposes, but also for clinical practice, as well as designing new clinical interventions or assessing responses to specific treatment. Considering this, it presents a step toward personalized medicine.
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McGee EE, Kiblawi R, Playdon MC, Eliassen AH. Nutritional Metabolomics in Cancer Epidemiology: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 8:187-201. [PMID: 31129888 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-00279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolomics offers several opportunities for advancement in nutritional cancer epidemiology; however, numerous research gaps and challenges remain. This narrative review summarizes current research, challenges, and future directions for epidemiologic studies of nutritional metabolomics and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Although many studies have used metabolomics to investigate either dietary exposures or cancer, few studies have explicitly investigated diet-cancer relationships using metabolomics. Most studies have been relatively small (≤ ~ 250 cases) or have assessed a limited number of nutritional metabolites (e.g., coffee or alcohol-related metabolites). Nutritional metabolomic investigations of cancer face several challenges in study design; biospecimen selection, handling, and processing; diet and metabolite measurement; statistical analyses; and data sharing and synthesis. More metabolomics studies linking dietary exposures to cancer risk, prognosis, and survival are needed, as are biomarker validation studies, longitudinal analyses, and methodological studies. Despite the remaining challenges, metabolomics offers a promising avenue for future dietary cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E McGee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rama Kiblawi
- Division of Cancer Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Division of Cancer Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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So SSY, Yeung CHC, Schooling CM, El-Nezami H. Targeting bile acid metabolism in obesity reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13017. [PMID: 32187830 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of studies that address the association of bile acid (BA) with obesity and of studies on the effects of treatment in patients with obesity on BA metabolism, assessed from systemic BA, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) level, and faecal BA. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 1 August 2019 using the keywords obesity, obese, body mass index, and overweight with bile acid, FGF19, FXR, and TGR5. Two reviewers independently searched, selected, and assessed the quality of studies. Data were analysed using either fixed or random effect models with inverse variance weighting. Of 3771 articles, 33 papers were relevant for the association of BA with obesity of which 22 were included in the meta-analysis, and 50 papers were relevant for the effect of obesity interventions on BA of which 20 were included in the meta-analysis. Circulating fasting total BA was not associated with obesity. FGF19 was inversely and faecal BA excretion was positively associated with obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) modulated BA metabolism, ie, increased BA and FGF19. Our results indicate that BA metabolism is altered in obesity. Certain bariatric surgeries including RYGB and SG modulate BA, whether these underlie the beneficial effect of the treatment should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sik Yu So
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, United States
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Intestinal permeability in participants with thermal injury: A case series from a prospective, longitudinal study (HESTIA). BURNS OPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burnso.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Navarro SL, Levy L, Curtis KR, Elkon I, Kahsai OJ, Ammar HS, Randolph TW, Hong NN, Carnevale Neto F, Raftery D, Chapkin RS, Lampe JW, Hullar MAJ. Effect of a Flaxseed Lignan Intervention on Circulating Bile Acids in a Placebo-Controlled Randomized, Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1837. [PMID: 32575611 PMCID: PMC7374341 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant lignans and their microbial metabolites, e.g., enterolactone (ENL), may affect bile acid (BA) metabolism through interaction with hepatic receptors. We evaluated the effects of a flaxseed lignan extract (50 mg/day secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) compared to a placebo for 60 days each on plasma BA concentrations in 46 healthy men and women (20-45 years) using samples from a completed randomized, crossover intervention. Twenty BA species were measured in fasting plasma using LC-MS. ENL was measured in 24-h urines by GC-MS. We tested for (a) effects of the intervention on BA concentrations overall and stratified by ENL excretion; and (b) cross-sectional associations between plasma BA and ENL. We also explored the overlap in bacterial metabolism at the genus level and conducted in vitro anaerobic incubations of stool with lignan substrate to identify genes that are enriched in response to lignan metabolism. There were no intervention effects, overall or stratified by ENL at FDR < 0.05. In the cross-sectional analysis, irrespective of treatment, five secondary BAs were associated with ENL excretion (FDR < 0.05). In vitro analyses showed positive associations between ENL production and bacterial gene expression of the bile acid-inducible gene cluster and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. These data suggest overlap in community bacterial metabolism of secondary BA and ENL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi L. Navarro
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Lisa Levy
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Keith R. Curtis
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Isaac Elkon
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Orsalem J. Kahsai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Hamza S. Ammar
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Timothy W. Randolph
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Natalie N. Hong
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.N.H.); (F.C.N.)
| | - Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.N.H.); (F.C.N.)
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.N.H.); (F.C.N.)
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Meredith A. J. Hullar
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
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Coras R, Murillo-Saich JD, Guma M. Circulating Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites and Its Potential Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:E827. [PMID: 32235564 PMCID: PMC7226773 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that affects synovial joints, leading to inflammation, joint destruction, loss of function, and disability. Although recent pharmaceutical advances have improved the treatment of RA, patients often inquire about dietary interventions to improve RA symptoms, as they perceive pain and/or swelling after the consumption or avoidance of certain foods. There is evidence that some foods have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects mediated by diet-related metabolites. In addition, recent literature has shown a link between diet-related metabolites and microbiome changes, since the gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of some dietary ingredients. But diet and the gut microbiome are not the only factors linked to circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites. Other factors including smoking, associated comorbidities, and therapeutic drugs might also modify the circulating metabolomic profile and play a role in RA pathogenesis. This article summarizes what is known about circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites in RA. It also emphasizes factors that might be involved in their circulating concentrations and diet-related metabolites with a beneficial effect in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Coras
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (R.C.); (J.D.M.-S.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica D. Murillo-Saich
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (R.C.); (J.D.M.-S.)
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (R.C.); (J.D.M.-S.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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