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Navabi SP, Badreh F, Khombi Shooshtari M, Hajipour S, Moradi Vastegani S, Khoshnam SE. Microglia-induced neuroinflammation in hippocampal neurogenesis following traumatic brain injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35869. [PMID: 39220913 PMCID: PMC11365414 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most causes of death and disability among people, leading to a wide range of neurological deficits. The important process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which includes the production, maturation and integration of new neurons, is affected by TBI due to microglia activation and the inflammatory response. During brain development, microglia are involved in forming or removing synapses, regulating the number of neurons, and repairing damage. However, in response to injury, activated microglia release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other neurotoxic mediators that exacerbate post-TBI injury. These microglia-related changes can negatively affect hippocampal neurogenesis and disrupt learning and memory processes. To date, the intracellular signaling pathways that trigger microglia activation following TBI, as well as the effects of microglia on hippocampal neurogenesis, are poorly understood. In this review article, we discuss the effects of microglia-induced neuroinflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis following TBI, as well as the intracellular signaling pathways of microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Khombi Shooshtari
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Garg S, Jana A, Khan J, Gupta S, Roy R, Gupta V, Ghosh S. Logic "AND Gate Circuit" Based Mussel Inspired Polydopamine Nanocomposite as Bioactive Antioxidant for Management of Oxidative Stress and Neurogenesis in Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36168-36193. [PMID: 38954488 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In the intricate landscape of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), the management of TBI remains a challenging task due to the extremely complex pathophysiological conditions and excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the injury site and the limited regenerative capacities of the central nervous system (CNS). Existing pharmaceutical interventions are limited in their ability to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and expeditiously target areas of brain inflammation. In response to these challenges herein, we designed novel mussel inspired polydopamine (PDA)-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PDA-AMSNs) with excellent antioxidative ability to deliver a new potential therapeutic GSK-3β inhibitor lead small molecule abbreviated as Neuro Chemical Modulator (NCM) at the TBI site using a neuroprotective peptide hydrogel (PANAP). PDA-AMSNs loaded with NCM (i.e., PDA-AMSN-D) into the matrix of PANAP were injected into the damaged area in an in vivo cryogenic brain injury model (CBI). This approach is specifically built while keeping the logic AND gate circuit as the primary focus. Where NCM and PDA-AMSNs act as two input signals and neurological functional recovery as a single output. Therapeutically, PDA-AMSN-D significantly decreased infarct volume, enhanced neurogenesis, rejuvenated BBB senescence, and accelerated neurological function recovery in a CBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Garg
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Aniket Jana
- Smart Healthcare, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Juhee Khan
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanju Gupta
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Rajsekhar Roy
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
- Smart Healthcare, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
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Dekundy A, Pichler G, El Badry R, Scheschonka A, Danysz W. Amantadine for Traumatic Brain Injury-Supporting Evidence and Mode of Action. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1558. [PMID: 39062131 PMCID: PMC11274811 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important global clinical issue, requiring not only prevention but also effective treatment. Following TBI, diverse parallel and intertwined pathological mechanisms affecting biochemical, neurochemical, and inflammatory pathways can have a severe impact on the patient's quality of life. The current review summarizes the evidence for the utility of amantadine in TBI in connection to its mechanism of action. Amantadine, the drug combining multiple mechanisms of action, may offer both neuroprotective and neuroactivating effects in TBI patients. Indeed, the use of amantadine in TBI has been encouraged by several clinical practice guidelines/recommendations. Amantadine is also available as an infusion, which may be of particular benefit in unconscious patients with TBI due to immediate delivery to the central nervous system and the possibility of precise dosing. In other situations, orally administered amantadine may be used. There are several questions that remain to be addressed: can amantadine be effective in disorders of consciousness requiring long-term treatment and in combination with drugs approved for the treatment of TBI? Do the observed beneficial effects of amantadine extend to disorders of consciousness due to factors other than TBI? Well-controlled clinical studies are warranted to ultimately confirm its utility in the TBI and provide answers to these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Dekundy
- Merz Therapeutics GmbH, Eckenheimer Landstraße 100, 60318 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Gerald Pichler
- Department of Neurology, Albert-Schweitzer-Hospital Graz, Albert-Schweitzer-Gasse 36, 8020 Graz, Austria;
| | - Reda El Badry
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Astrid Scheschonka
- Merz Therapeutics GmbH, Eckenheimer Landstraße 100, 60318 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Wojciech Danysz
- Danysz Pharmacology Consulting, Vor den Gärten 16, 61130 Nidderau, Germany
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Wang W, Pan D, Liu Q, Chen X, Wang S. L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1232. [PMID: 38674921 PMCID: PMC11055039 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE L-carnitine (LC), a vital nutritional supplement, plays a crucial role in myocardial health and exhibits significant cardioprotective effects. LC, being the principal constituent of clinical-grade supplements, finds extensive application in the recovery and treatment of diverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. However, controversies persist regarding the utilization of LC in nervous system diseases, with varying effects observed across numerous mental and neurological disorders. This article primarily aims to gather and analyze database information to comprehensively summarize the therapeutic potential of LC in patients suffering from nervous system diseases while providing valuable references for further research. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web Of Science, Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrials.gov databases. The literature pertaining to the impact of LC supplementation on neurological or psychiatric disorders in patients was reviewed up until November 2023. No language or temporal restrictions were imposed on the search. RESULTS A total of 1479 articles were retrieved, and after the removal of duplicates through both automated and manual exclusion processes, 962 articles remained. Subsequently, a meticulous re-screening led to the identification of 60 relevant articles. Among these, there were 12 publications focusing on hepatic encephalopathy (HE), while neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and peripheral nervous system diseases (PNSDs) were represented by 9 and 6 articles, respectively. Additionally, stroke was addressed in five publications, whereas Raynaud's syndrome (RS) and cognitive disorder (CD) each had three dedicated studies. Furthermore, migraine, depression, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) each accounted for two publications. Lastly, one article was found for other symptoms under investigation. CONCLUSION In summary, LC has demonstrated favorable therapeutic effects in the management of HE, Alzheimer's disease (AD), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), CD, migraine, neurofibromatosis (NF), PNSDs, RS, and stroke. However, its efficacy appears to be relatively limited in conditions such as ALS, ataxia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Down syndrome (DS), and sciatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.W.); (D.P.); (X.C.)
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.W.); (D.P.); (X.C.)
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China;
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.W.); (D.P.); (X.C.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China;
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.W.); (D.P.); (X.C.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China;
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Hamani C, Davidson B, Lipsman N, Abrahao A, Nestor SM, Rabin JS, Giacobbe P, Pagano RL, Campos ACP. Insertional effect following electrode implantation: an underreported but important phenomenon. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae093. [PMID: 38707711 PMCID: PMC11069120 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation has revolutionized the treatment of movement disorders and is gaining momentum in the treatment of several other neuropsychiatric disorders. In almost all applications of this therapy, the insertion of electrodes into the target has been shown to induce some degree of clinical improvement prior to stimulation onset. Disregarding this phenomenon, commonly referred to as 'insertional effect', can lead to biased results in clinical trials, as patients receiving sham stimulation may still experience some degree of symptom amelioration. Similar to the clinical scenario, an improvement in behavioural performance following electrode implantation has also been reported in preclinical models. From a neurohistopathologic perspective, the insertion of electrodes into the brain causes an initial trauma and inflammatory response, the activation of astrocytes, a focal release of gliotransmitters, the hyperexcitability of neurons in the vicinity of the implants, as well as neuroplastic and circuitry changes at a distance from the target. Taken together, it would appear that electrode insertion is not an inert process, but rather triggers a cascade of biological processes, and, as such, should be considered alongside the active delivery of stimulation as an active part of the deep brain stimulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Hamani
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Benjamin Davidson
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Sean M Nestor
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP CEP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina P Campos
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP CEP 01308-060, Brazil
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6
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Grandizoli Saletti P, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Panagiotis Lisgaras C, Bi Mowrey W, Li Q, Liu W, Brady RD, Ali I, Silva J, Yamakawa G, Hudson M, Li C, Braine EL, Coles L, Cloyd JC, Jones NC, Shultz SR, Moshé SL, O'Brien TJ, Galanopoulou AS. Tau Phosphorylation Patterns in the Rat Cerebral Cortex After Traumatic Brain Injury and Sodium Selenate Effects: An Epibios4rx Project 2 Study. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:222-243. [PMID: 36950806 PMCID: PMC11079442 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium selenate (SS) activates protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) and reduces phosphorylated tau (pTAU) and late post-traumatic seizures after lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI). In EpiBioS4Rx Project 2, a multi-center international study for post-traumatic targets, biomarkers, and treatments, we tested the target relevance and modification by SS of pTAU forms and PP2A and in the LFPI model, at two sites: Einstein and Melbourne. In Experiment 1, adult male rats were assigned to LFPI and sham (both sites) and naïve controls (Einstein). Motor function was monitored by neuroscores. Brains were studied with immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blots (WBs), or PP2A activity assay, from 2 days to 8 weeks post-operatively. In Experiment 2, LFPI rats received SS for 7 days (SS0.33: 0.33 mg/kg/day; SS1: 1 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) or vehicle (Veh) post-LFPI and pTAU, PR55 expression, or PP2A activity were studied at 2 days and 1 week (on treatment), or 2 weeks (1 week off treatment). Plasma selenium and SS levels were measured. In Experiment 1 IHC, LFPI rats had higher cortical pTAU-Ser202/Thr205-immunoreactivity (AT8-ir) and pTAU-Ser199/202-ir at 2 days, and pTAU-Thr231-ir (AT180-ir) at 2 days, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks, ipsilaterally to LFPI, than controls. LFPI-2d rats also had higher AT8/total-TAU5-ir in cortical extracts ipsilateral to the lesion (WB). PP2A (PR55-ir) showed time- and region-dependent changes in IHC, but not in WB. PP2A activity was lower in LFPI-1wk than in sham rats. In Experiment 2, SS did not affect neuroscores or cellular AT8-ir, AT180-ir, or PR55-ir in IHC. In WB, total cortical AT8/total-TAU-ir was lower in SS0.33 and SS1 LFPI rats than in Veh rats (2 days, 1 week); total cortical PR55-ir (WB) and PP2A activity were higher in SS1 than Veh rats (2 days). SS dose dependently increased plasma selenium and SS levels. Concordant across-sites data confirm time and pTAU form-specific cortical increases ipsilateral to LFPI. The discordant SS effects may either suggest SS-induced reduction in the numbers of cells with increased pTAU-ir, need for longer treatment, or the involvement of other mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Grandizoli Saletti
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
| | - Pablo M. Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Panagiotis Lisgaras
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
| | - Wenzhu Bi Mowrey
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
| | - Qianyun Li
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
| | - Rhys D. Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Juliana Silva
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Glenn Yamakawa
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matt Hudson
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma L. Braine
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lisa Coles
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - James C. Cloyd
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nigel C. Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Solomon L. Moshé
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
| | - Terence J. O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aristea S. Galanopoulou
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA
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Mohammed Butt A, Rupareliya V, Hariharan A, Kumar H. Building a pathway to recovery: Targeting ECM remodeling in CNS injuries. Brain Res 2023; 1819:148533. [PMID: 37586675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of proteoglycans, proteins, and other macromolecules that surrounds cells in tissues. The ECM provides structural support to cells and plays a critical role in regulating various cellular functions. ECM remodeling is a dynamic process involving the breakdown and reconstruction of the ECM. This process occurs naturally during tissue growth, wound healing, and tissue repair. However, in the context of central nervous system (CNS) injuries, dysregulated ECM remodeling can lead to the formation of fibrotic and glial scars. CNS injuries encompass various traumatic events, including concussions and fractures. Following CNS trauma, the formation of glial and fibrotic scars becomes prominent. Glial scars primarily consist of reactive astrocytes, while fibrotic scars are characterized by an abundance of ECM proteins. ECM remodeling plays a pivotal and tightly regulated role in the development of these scars after spinal cord and brain injuries. Various factors like ECM components, ECM remodeling enzymes, cell surface receptors of ECM molecules, and downstream pathways of ECM molecules are responsible for the remodeling of the ECM. The aim of this review article is to explore the changes in ECM during normal physiological conditions and following CNS injuries. Additionally, we discuss various approaches that target various factors responsible for ECM remodeling, with a focus on promoting axon regeneration and functional recovery after CNS injuries. By targeting ECM remodeling, it may be possible to enhance axonal regeneration and facilitate functional recovery after CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub Mohammed Butt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vimal Rupareliya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - A Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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8
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Freire MAM, Rocha GS, Bittencourt LO, Falcao D, Lima RR, Cavalcanti JRLP. Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury: What Have We Learned So Far? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1139. [PMID: 37627023 PMCID: PMC10452099 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of long-lasting morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a devastating condition related to the impairment of the nervous system after an external traumatic event resulting in transitory or permanent functional disability, with a significant burden to the healthcare system. Harmful events underlying TBI can be classified into two sequential stages, primary and secondary, which are both associated with breakdown of the tissue homeostasis due to impairment of the blood-brain barrier, osmotic imbalance, inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and apoptotic cell death, ultimately resulting in a loss of tissue functionality. The present study provides an updated review concerning the roles of brain edema, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress on brain changes resulting from a TBI. The proper characterization of the phenomena resulting from TBI can contribute to the improvement of care, rehabilitation and quality of life of the affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio M. Freire
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sousa Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Daniel Falcao
- VCU Health Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University, 23219 Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Jose Rodolfo Lopes P. Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
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9
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Robbins EM, Jaquins-Gerstl AS, Okonkwo DO, Boutelle MG, Michael AC. Dexamethasone-Enhanced Continuous Online Microdialysis for Neuromonitoring of O 2 after Brain Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37369003 PMCID: PMC10360069 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health crisis in many regions of the world. Severe TBI may cause a primary brain lesion with a surrounding penumbra of tissue that is vulnerable to secondary injury. Secondary injury presents as progressive expansion of the lesion, possibly leading to severe disability, a persistent vegetive state, or death. Real time neuromonitoring to detect and monitor secondary injury is urgently needed. Dexamethasone-enhanced continuous online microdialysis (Dex-enhanced coMD) is an emerging paradigm for chronic neuromonitoring after brain injury. The present study employed Dex-enhanced coMD to monitor brain K+ and O2 during manually induced spreading depolarization in the cortex of anesthetized rats and after controlled cortical impact, a widely used rodent model of TBI, in behaving rats. Consistent with prior reports on glucose, O2 exhibited a variety of responses to spreading depolarization and a prolonged, essentially permanent decline in the days after controlled cortical impact. These findings confirm that Dex-enhanced coMD delivers valuable information regarding the impact of spreading depolarization and controlled cortical impact on O2 levels in the rat cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Robbins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Andrea S Jaquins-Gerstl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Martyn G Boutelle
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C Michael
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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10
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Abijo A, Lee CY, Huang CY, Ho PC, Tsai KJ. The Beneficial Role of Photobiomodulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1828. [PMID: 37509468 PMCID: PMC10377111 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT), involves the use of light from a laser or light-emitting diode (LED) in the treatment of various disorders and it has recently gained increasing interest. Progressive neuronal loss with attendant consequences such as cognitive and/or motor decline characterize neurodegenerative diseases. The available therapeutic drugs have only been able to provide symptomatic relief and may also present with some side effects, thus precluding their use in treatment. Recently, there has been an exponential increase in interest and attention in the use of PBM as a therapy in various neurodegenerative diseases in animal studies. Because of the financial and social burden of neurodegenerative diseases on the sufferers and the need for the discovery of potential therapeutic inventions in their management, it is pertinent to examine the beneficial effects of PBM and the various cellular mechanisms by which it modulates neural activity. Here, we highlight the various ways by which PBM may possess beneficial effects on neural activity and has been reported in various neurodegenerative conditions (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, TBI, stroke) with the hope that it may serve as an alternative therapy in the management of neurodegenerative diseases because of the biological side effects associated with drugs currently used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Abijo
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ben S. Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo 121003, Nigeria
| | - Chun-Yuan Lee
- Aether Services, Taiwan, Ltd., Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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11
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Liang MZ, Lu TH, Chen L. Timely expression of PGAM5 and its cleavage control mitochondrial homeostasis during neurite re-growth after traumatic brain injury. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 37221611 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffered from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have twice the risk of developing into neurodegenerative diseases later in their life. Thus, early intervention is needed not only to treat TBI but also to reduce neurodegenerative diseases in the future. Physiological functions of neurons highly depend on mitochondria. Thus, when mitochondrial integrity is compromised by injury, neurons would initiate a cascade of events to maintain homeostasis of mitochondria. However, what protein senses mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained during regeneration remains unclear. RESULTS We found that TBI-increased transcription of a mitochondrial protein, phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), during acute phase was via topological remodeling of a novel enhancer-promoter interaction. This up-regulated PGAM5 correlated with mitophagy, whereas presenilins-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL)-dependent PGAM5 cleavage at a later stage of TBI enhanced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression and mitochondrial mass. To test whether PGAM5 cleavage and TFAM expression were sufficient for functional recovery, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) was used to uncouple electron transport chain and reduce mitochondrial function. As a result, FCCP triggered PGAM5 cleavage, TFAM expression and recovery of motor function deficits of CCI mice. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study implicate that PGAM5 may act as a mitochondrial sensor for brain injury to activate its own transcription at acute phase, serving to remove damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. Subsequently, PGAM5 is cleaved by PARL, and TFAM expression is increased for mitochondrial biogenesis at a later stage after TBI. Taken together, this study concludes that timely regulation of PGAM5 expression and its own cleavage are required for neurite re-growth and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zong Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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12
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Bamshad C, Habibi Roudkenar M, Abedinzade M, Yousefzadeh Chabok S, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Sato T, Tomita K, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Feizkhah A, Mohammadi Roushandeh A. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-harvested mitochondrial transplantation improved motor function in TBI models through rescuing neuronal cells from apoptosis and alleviating astrogliosis and microglia activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110106. [PMID: 37015158 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Each year, traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a high rate of mortality throughout the world and those who survive have lasting disabilities. Given that the brain is a particularly dynamic organ with a high energy consumption rate, the inefficiency of current TBI treatment options highlights the necessity of repairing damaged brain tissue at the cellular and molecular levels, which according to research is aggravated due to ATP deficiency and reactive oxygen species surplus. Taking into account that mitochondria contribute to generating energy and controlling cellular stress, mitochondrial transplantation as a new treatment approach has lately reduced complications in a number of diseases by supplying healthy and functional mitochondria to the damaged tissue. For this reason, in this study, we used this technique to transplant human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs)-derived mitochondria as a suitable source for mitochondrial isolation into rat models of TBI to examine its therapeutic benefit and the results showed that the successful mitochondrial internalisation in the neuronal cells significantly reduced the number of brain cells undergoing apoptosis, alleviated astrogliosis and microglia activation, retained normal brain morphology and cytoarchitecture, and improved sensorimotor functions in a rat model of TBI. These data indicate that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-isolated mitochondrial transplantation improves motor function in a rat model of TBI via rescuing neuronal cells from apoptosis and alleviating astrogliosis and microglia activation, maybe as a result of restoring the lost mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Abedinzade
- Department of Operation Room, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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13
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Mitophagy and Traumatic Brain Injury: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1649842. [PMID: 36846712 PMCID: PMC9957633 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1649842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a kind of external trauma-induced brain function alteration, has posed a financial burden on the public health system. TBI pathogenesis involves a complicated set of events, including primary and secondary injuries that can cause mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy, a process in which defective mitochondria are specifically degraded, segregates and degrades defective mitochondria allowing a healthier mitochondrial network. Mitophagy ensures that mitochondria remain healthy during TBI, determining whether neurons live or die. Mitophagy acts as a critical regulator in maintaining neuronal survival and healthy. This review will discuss the TBI pathophysiology and the consequences of the damage it causes to mitochondria. This review article will explore the mitophagy process, its key factors, and pathways and reveal the role of mitophagy in TBI. Mitophagy will be further recognized as a therapeutic approach in TBI. This review will offer new insights into mitophagy's role in TBI progression.
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14
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Song Q, Gao Q, Chen T, Wen T, Wu P, Luo X, Chen QY. FAM3A Ameliorates Brain Impairment Induced by Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Rat. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:251-264. [PMID: 34853925 PMCID: PMC9813043 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) during crucial periods of brain formation can lead to changes in brain morphology, propagation of neuronal stimuli, and permanent neurodevelopmental impairment, which can have profound effects on cognitive function later in life. FAM3A, a subgroup of family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) gene family, is ubiquitously expressed in almost all cells. Overexpression of FAM3A has been evidenced to reduce hyperglycemia via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and protect mitochondrial function in neuronal HT22 cells. This study aims to evaluate the protective role of FAM3A in HI-induced brain impairment. Experimentally, maternal rats underwent uterine artery bilateral ligation to induce neonatal HI on day 14 of gestation. At 6 weeks of age, cognitive development assessments including NSS, wire grip, and water maze were carried out. The animals were then sacrificed to assess cerebral mitochondrial function as well as levels of FAM3A, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Results suggest that HI significantly reduced FAM3A expression in rat brain tissues, and that overexpression of FAM3A through lentiviral transduction effectively improved cognitive and motor functions in HI rats as reflected by improved NSS evaluation, cerebral water content, limb strength, as well as spatial learning and memory. At the molecular level, overexpression of FAM3A was able to promote ATP production, balance mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. We conclude that FAM3A overexpression may have a protective effect on neuron morphology, cerebral mitochondrial as well as cognitive function. Created with Biorender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qingying Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Taotao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Hakiminia B, Alikiaii B, Khorvash F, Mousavi S. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: From mechanistic view to targeted therapeutic opportunities. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:612-662. [PMID: 35118714 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi-mechanistic biochemical process, termed as secondary brain injury. Currently, there are no pharmacological agents for definitive treatment of patients with TBI. This article is presented with the purpose of reviewing molecular mechanisms of TBI pathology, as well as potential strategies and agents against pathological pathways. In this review article, materials were obtained by searching PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This search was considered without time limitation. Evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are two key mediators of the secondary injury cascade in TBI pathology. TBI-induced oxidative damage results in the structural and functional impairments of cellular and subcellular components, such as mitochondria. Impairments of mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mitochondrial membrane potential result in a vicious cycle of free radical formation and cell apoptosis. The results of some preclinical and clinical studies, evaluating mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and compounds with pleiotropic effects after TBI, are promising. As a proposed strategy in recent years, mitochondria-targeted multipotential therapy is a new hope, waiting to be confirmed. Moreover, based on the available findings, biologics, such as stem cell-based therapy and transplantation of mitochondria are novel potential strategies for the treatment of TBI; however, more studies are needed to clearly confirm the safety and efficacy of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hakiminia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Alikiaii
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sarah Mousavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Kocheril PA, Moore SC, Lenz KD, Mukundan H, Lilley LM. Progress Toward a Multiomic Understanding of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review. Biomark Insights 2022; 17:11772719221105145. [PMID: 35719705 PMCID: PMC9201320 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not a single disease state but describes an array
of conditions associated with insult or injury to the brain. While some
individuals with TBI recover within a few days or months, others present with
persistent symptoms that can cause disability, neuropsychological trauma, and
even death. Understanding, diagnosing, and treating TBI is extremely complex for
many reasons, including the variable biomechanics of head impact, differences in
severity and location of injury, and individual patient characteristics. Because
of these confounding factors, the development of reliable diagnostics and
targeted treatments for brain injury remains elusive. We argue that the
development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for TBI requires
a deep understanding of human neurophysiology at the molecular level and that
the framework of multiomics may provide some effective solutions for the
diagnosis and treatment of this challenging condition. To this end, we present
here a comprehensive review of TBI biomarker candidates from across the
multiomic disciplines and compare them with known signatures associated with
other neuropsychological conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease and
Parkinson’s disease. We believe that this integrated view will facilitate a
deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI and its potential links to
other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Kocheril
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Shepard C Moore
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kiersten D Lenz
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Harshini Mukundan
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Laura M Lilley
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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17
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Modica LCM, Flores-Felix K, Casachahua LJD, Asquith P, Tschiffely A, Ciarlone S, Ahlers ST. Impact of ketogenic diet and ketone diester supplementation on body weight, blood glucose, and ketones in Sprague Dawley rats fed over two weeks. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 3:100029. [PMID: 35415644 PMCID: PMC8991993 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet influenced ketones, weight, and glucose in rats. Ketone diester supplement (20% by weight) was similar to ketogenic diet, but its effects on ketones and weight was smaller and it did not affect glucose. Changeover from standard diet to ketogenic diet resulted in sex-specific glucose changes.
Ketogenic diets consist of low carbohydrate/high fat, shifting energy reliance from glucose to ketone bodies. Ketone diester supplement to a standard diet (ketone ester) increases ketone bodies by adding a substance without altering other consumed foods. We evaluated weight, glucose, and ketone concentrations in rats fed ketogenic diet and ketone ester feeds. We hypothesized that these feeds would increase ketones and decrease glucose and weight. We tested 16 male and 16 female Sprague Dawley rats randomly assigned to standard diet, ketogenic diet, or ketone ester for two weeks. Weight and blood glucose and ketones were measured daily. Group means were compared by analysis of variance. Ketogenic diet and ketone ester both increased ketones and decreased weight compared to standard diet (p < 0.001). Glucose decreased only in ketogenic diet (p = 0.010), driven by a decrease from higher starting concentrations observed in standard diet males. Sex interacted with weight, with male gains impacted more by both ketogenic diet and ketone ester than female gains. Ketogenic diet had a larger effect size than ketone ester with regard to increased ketones and decreased weight. Ketogenic diet glucose significantly decreased over time because standard diet concentrations in males were high prior to initializing ketogenic diet. This suggests sex differences in energy substrate utilization. Ketogenic diet ketones peaked at 72 h then decreased to near basal levels at about 10 days, suggesting “fat adaption.” While this work is part of a larger project examining blast exposure, these results are relevant to any military forces considering ketone-increasing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krystal Flores-Felix
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Gurabo Campus, PR, United States
| | | | - Paul Asquith
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Hazel Green High School, Hazel Green, AL, United States.,Huntingdon College, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | - Anna Tschiffely
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Stephanie Ciarlone
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Ahluwalia M, Kumar M, Ahluwalia P, Rahimi S, Vender JR, Raju RP, Hess DC, Baban B, Vale FL, Dhandapani KM, Vaibhav K. Rescuing mitochondria in traumatic brain injury and intracerebral hemorrhages - A potential therapeutic approach. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105192. [PMID: 34560175 PMCID: PMC8542401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for cellular energy production. Besides, regulating energy homeostasis, mitochondria are responsible for calcium homeostasis, signal transmission, and the fate of cellular survival in case of injury and pathologies. Accumulating reports have suggested multiple roles of mitochondria in neuropathologies, neurodegeneration, and immune activation under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs at the initial phase of brain injury, involves oxidative stress, inflammation, deficits in mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis, transport, and autophagy. Thus, development of targeted therapeutics to protect mitochondria may improve functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). In this review, we summarize mitochondrial dysfunction related to TBI and ICH, including the mechanisms involved, and discuss therapeutic approaches with special emphasis on past and current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Scott Rahimi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - John R Vender
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Raghavan P Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fernando L Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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19
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Balasubramanian N, Jadhav G, Sakharkar AJ. Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries perturb the mitochondrial biogenesis via DNA methylation in the hippocampus of rat. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:11-24. [PMID: 34508891 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain is impaired in various neurological disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI). The long-lasting effects of TBI may be, in part, attributed to epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. However, the role of DNA methylation on regulatory elements of nuclear and mitochondrial genome in mitochondrial biogenesis is not known. We examined the epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and further probed its implications in mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus of rats subjected to repeated mild TBI (rMTBI) using weight drop injury paradigm. rMTBI-induced hypermethylation at TFAM promoter resulted in deficits in its protein levels in mitochondria after immediate (48 h) and protracted (30 d) time points. Further, rMTBI also caused hypomethylation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) promoters (HSP1 and HSP2), which further culminated into low binding of TFAM. rMTBI-induced changes weakened mitochondrial biogenesis in terms of reduced mtDNA-encoded rRNA, mRNA, and protein levels leading to shortages of ATP. To verify the potential role of mtDNA methylation in rMTBI-induced persistent mitochondrial dysfunction, rMTBI-induced rats were treated with methionine, a methyl donor. Methionine treatment restored the methylation levels on HSP1 and HSP2 resulting in efficient binding of TFAM and normalized the rRNA, mRNA, and protein levels. These findings suggest the crucial role of DNA methylation at nuclear and mitochondrial promoter regions in mitochondrial gene expression and ATP activity in the hippocampus after rMTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gouri Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India.
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20
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Ariyannur PS, Xing G, Barry ES, Benford B, Grunberg NE, Sharma P. Effects of Pyruvate Administration on Mitochondrial Enzymes, Neurological Behaviors, and Neurodegeneration after Traumatic Brain Injury. Aging Dis 2021; 12:983-999. [PMID: 34221543 PMCID: PMC8219499 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to increase the susceptibility to various age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although the role of damaged mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) in the progression of AD and PD has been identified, its relationship with altered expression of neurodegenerative proteins has not been examined before. This study aimed to investigate 1) how TBI could affect mitochondrial ETC and neurodegeneration in rat brain regions related to behavioral alteration, and 2) if administration of the key mitochondrial substrate pyruvate can improve the outcome of mild TBI (mTBI). In a rat lateral fluid percussion injury model of mTBI, sodium pyruvate in sterile distilled water (1 g/kg body weight) was administered orally daily for 7 days. The protein expression of mitochondrial ETC enzymes, and neurodegeneration proteins in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and was assessed on Day 7. The hippocampal and cortical expressions of ETC complex I, III, IV, V were significantly and variably impaired following mTBI. Pyruvate treatment altered ETC complex expression, reduced the nitrosyl stress and the MBP expression in the injured brain area, but increased the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Tau proteins. Pyruvate after mTBI augmented the Rotarod performance but decreased the horizontal and vertical open field locomotion activities and worsened neurobehavioural severity score, indicating a debilitating therapeutic effect on the acute phase of mTBI. These results suggest bidirectional neuroprotective and neurodegenerative modulating effects of pyruvate on TBI-induced alteration in mitochondrial activity and motor behavior. Pyruvate could potentially stimulate the proliferation of astrogliosis, and lactate acidosis, and caution should be exercised when used as a therapy in the acute phase of mTBI. More effective interventions targeted at multiple mechanisms are needed for the prevention and treatment of TBI-induced long-term neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth S Ariyannur
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,3Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Guoqiang Xing
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,2Imaging Institute of Rehabilitation and Development of Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Erin S Barry
- 4Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Brandi Benford
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Neil E Grunberg
- 4Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Pushpa Sharma
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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21
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Shah EJ, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH, Gurdziel K, Ruden DM. Inhibiting Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Downregulates Gene Transcription After Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2021; 12:628777. [PMID: 33790803 PMCID: PMC8005633 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.628777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) caused by a sudden impact to the head alter behavior and impair physical and cognitive function. Besides the severity, type and area of the brain affected, the outcome of TBI is also influenced by the patient’s biological sex. Previous studies reporting mitochondrial dysfunction mainly focused on exponential reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and altered mitochondrial dynamics as a key player in the outcome to brain injury. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a near-infrared (NIR) light exposure on gene expression in a Drosophila TBI model. NIR interacts with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) of the electron transport chain to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, attenuate ROS generation, and apoptosis. We subjected w1118 male and female flies to TBI using a high-impact trauma (HIT) device and subsequently exposed the isolated fly brains to a COX-inhibitory wavelength of 750 nm for 2 hours (hr). Genome-wide 3′-mRNA-sequencing of fly brains revealed that injured w1118 females exhibit greater changes in transcription compared to males at 1, 2, and 4 hours (hr) after TBI. Inhibiting COX by exposure to NIR downregulates gene expression in injured females but has minimal effect in injured males. Our results suggest that mitochondrial COX modulation with NIR alters gene expression in Drosophila following TBI and the response to injury and NIR exposure varies by biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta J Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Office of the Vice President of Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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22
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Iqubal A, Bansal P, Iqubal MK, Pottoo FH, Haque SE. An Overview and Therapeutic Promise of Nutraceuticals against Sports-Related Brain Injury. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:3-22. [PMID: 33538684 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210203211914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the common neurological maladies experienced by athletes. Earlier the term 'punch drunk syndrome' was used in the case TBI of boxers and now this term is replaced by chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Sports-related brain injury can either be short term or long term. A common instance of brain injury encompasses subdural hematoma, concussion, cognitive dysfunction, amnesia, headache, vision issue, axonopathy, or even death if remain undiagnosed or untreated. Further, chronic TBI may lead to pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via tauopathy, formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and damage to the blood-brain barrier, microglial, and astrocyte activation. Thus, altered pathological, neurochemical, and neurometabolic attributes lead to the modulation of multiple signaling pathways and cause neurological dysfunction. Available pharmaceutical interventions are based on one drug one target hypothesis and thereby unable to cover altered multiple signaling pathways. However, in recent time's pharmacological intervention of nutrients and nutraceuticals have been explored as they exert a multifactorial mode of action and maintain over homeostasis of the body. There are various reports available showing the positive therapeutic effect of nutraceuticals in sport-related brain injury. Therefore, in the current article we have discussed the pathology, neurological consequence, sequelae, and perpetuation of sports-related brain injury. Further, we have discussed various nutraceutical supplements as well as available animal models to explore the neuroprotective effect/ upshots of these nutraceuticals in sports-related brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, . India
| | - Pratichi Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, . India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, . India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, University, P.O.BOX 1982, Damman, 31441, . Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, . India
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23
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"Omics" in traumatic brain injury: novel approaches to a complex disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:2581-2594. [PMID: 34273044 PMCID: PMC8357753 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is neither any pharmacological treatment with efficacy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) nor any method to halt the disease progress. This is due to an incomplete understanding of the vast complexity of the biological cascades and failure to appreciate the diversity of secondary injury mechanisms in TBI. In recent years, techniques for high-throughput characterization and quantification of biological molecules that include genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have evolved and referred to as omics. METHODS In this narrative review, we highlight how omics technology can be applied to potentiate diagnostics and prognostication as well as to advance our understanding of injury mechanisms in TBI. RESULTS The omics platforms provide possibilities to study function, dynamics, and alterations of molecular pathways of normal and TBI disease states. Through advanced bioinformatics, large datasets of molecular information from small biological samples can be analyzed in detail and provide valuable knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms, to include in prognostic modeling when connected to clinically relevant data. In such a complex disease as TBI, omics enables broad categories of studies from gene compositions associated with susceptibility to secondary injury or poor outcome, to potential alterations in metabolites following TBI. CONCLUSION The field of omics in TBI research is rapidly evolving. The recent data and novel methods reviewed herein may form the basis for improved precision medicine approaches, development of pharmacological approaches, and individualization of therapeutic efforts by implementing mathematical "big data" predictive modeling in the near future.
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24
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Wajner M, Vargas CR, Amaral AU. Disruption of mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress contribute to neurologic dysfunction in organic acidurias. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108646. [PMID: 33098870 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic acidurias (OADs) are inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism biochemically characterized by accumulation of short-chain carboxylic acids in tissues and biological fluids of the affected patients and clinically by predominant neurological manifestations. Some of these disorders are amenable to treatment, which significantly decreases mortality and morbidity, but it is still ineffective to prevent long-term neurologic and systemic complications. Although pathogenesis of OADs is still poorly established, recent human and animal data, such as lactic acidosis, mitochondrial morphological alterations, decreased activities of respiratory chain complexes and altered parameters of oxidative stress, found in tissues from patients and from genetic mice models with these diseases indicate that disruption of critical mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress play an important role in their pathophysiology. Furthermore, organic acids that accumulate in the most prevalent OADs were shown to compromise bioenergetics, by decreasing ATP synthesis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing equivalent content and calcium retention capacity, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation and apoptosis. It is therefore presumed that secondary mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by major metabolites accumulating in OADs contribute to tissue damage in these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
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25
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Shrestha S, Parks CG, Umbach DM, Richards-Barber M, Hofmann JN, Chen H, Blair A, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP. Pesticide use and incident Parkinson's disease in a cohort of farmers and their spouses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110186. [PMID: 32919961 PMCID: PMC7822498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive literature suggests an association between general pesticide use and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, with few exceptions, little is known about associations between specific pesticides and PD. OBJECTIVE We evaluated use of pesticides and incident PD in 38,274 pesticide applicators and 27,836 of their spouses in the Agricultural Health Study cohort followed over 20 years. METHODS We used self-reported information on ever-use of 50 specific pesticides as of enrollment for both applicators and spouses, and considered intensity-weighted lifetime days (IWLD) reported at enrollment and through the first 5-year follow-up among applicators. We estimated covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox regression. We also examined heterogeneity in associations by history of head injury and chemical resistant glove use. RESULTS A total of 373 applicators and 118 spouses self-reported incident doctor-diagnosed PD. Ever-use of the insecticide terbufos (HR:1.31, 95%CI:1.02-1.68) and the herbicides trifluralin (HR:1.29, 95%CI: 0.99-1.70) and 2,4,5-T (HR:1.57, 95%CI:1.21-2.04) was associated with elevated PD risk. On the other hand, diazinon (HR:0.73, 95%CI: 0.58-0.94) and 2,4,5-TP (HR:0.39, 95%CI:0.25-0.62) were associated with reduced risk. We observed heterogeneity in ever-use associations by head injury and chemical-resistant glove use for some pesticides, with higher risk among those who reported a history of head injury, or who did not use gloves. PD risk was also elevated for applicators in the highest category of IWLD for dichlorvos, permethrin (animal use), and benomyl. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of increased PD risk for some pesticides. Our results also suggest higher susceptibility for pesticide-associated PD among individuals with head injury as well as protection with use of chemical resistant gloves, although further research is needed to understand the impact of head injury. Research on current and newer pesticides, including mechanisms relevant to PD, is important given widespread pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Shrestha
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David M Umbach
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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26
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Balasubramanian N, Srivastava A, Pawar N, Sagarkar S, Sakharkar AJ. Repeated mild traumatic brain injury induces persistent variations in mitochondrial DNA copy number in mesocorticolimbic neurocircuitry of the rat. Neurosci Res 2020; 155:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Formoterol, a β 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, induces mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104866. [PMID: 32289370 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to acute necrosis at the site of injury followed by a sequence of secondary events lasting from hours to weeks and often years. Targeting mitochondrial impairment following TBI has shown improvements in brain mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuronal function. Recently formoterol, a highly selective β2-adrenoreceptor agonist, was found to induce mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) via Gβγ-Akt-eNOS-sGC pathway. Activation of MB is a novel approach that has been shown to restore mitochondrial function in several disease and injury models. We hypothesized that activation of MB as a target of formoterol after TBI would mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, enhance neuronal function and improve behavioral outcomes. TBI-injured C57BL/6 male mice were injected (i.p.) with vehicle (normal saline) or formoterol (0.3 mg/kg) at 15 min, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h and then daily after controlled cortical impact (CCI) until euthanasia. After CCI, mitochondrial copy number and bioenergetic function were decreased in the ipsilateral cortex of the CCI-vehicle group. Compared to CCI-vehicle, cortical and hippocampal mitochondrial respiration rates as well as cortical mitochondrial DNA copy number were increased in the CCI-formoterol group. Mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity in the hippocampus was higher in the CCI-formoterol group compared to CCI-vehicle group. Both assessments of cognitive performance, novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM), decreased following CCI and were restored in the CCI-formoterol group. Although no changes were seen in the amount of cortical tissue spared between CCI-formoterol and CCI-vehicle groups, elevated levels of hippocampal neurons and improved white matter sparing in the corpus callosum were observed in CCI-formoterol group. Collectively, these results indicate that formoterol-mediated MB activation may be a potential therapeutic target to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics and promote functional recovery after TBI.
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28
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Mitochondrial biogenesis as a therapeutic target for traumatic and neurodegenerative CNS diseases. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113309. [PMID: 32289315 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, both traumatic and neurodegenerative, are characterized by impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and often disturbed mitochondrial dynamics. The dysregulation observed in these pathologies leads to defective respiratory chain function and reduced ATP production, thereby promoting neuronal death. As such, attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction through induction of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is a promising, though still underexplored, therapeutic strategy. MB is a multifaceted process involving the integration of highly regulated transcriptional events, lipid membrane and protein synthesis/assembly and replication of mtDNA. Several nuclear transcription factors promote the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial import and export systems, antioxidant defense and mitochondrial gene transcription. Of these, the nuclear-encoded peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is the most commonly studied and is widely accepted as the 'master regulator' of MB. Several recent preclinical studies document that reestablishment of mitochondrial homeostasis through increased MB results in inhibited injury progression and increased functional recovery. This perspective will briefly review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the propagation of CNS diseases, while also describing current research strategies that mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and compounds that induce MB for the treatment of acute and chronic neuropathologies.
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29
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Alali AS, Temkin N, Vavilala MS, Lele AV, Barber J, Dikmen S, Chesnut RM. Matching early arterial oxygenation to long-term outcome in severe traumatic brain injury: target values. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:537-544. [PMID: 30738409 DOI: 10.3171/2018.10.jns18964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between early arterial oxygenation thresholds and long-term outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS In a post hoc analysis of a randomized trial, adults with severe TBI were classified based on exposure to different levels of arterial oxygenation as measured using the average of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) values obtained within 24 hours of admission. Potentially important PaO2 thresholds were defined a priori. The primary outcome was Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) score at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were cognitive outcomes measured using a battery of 9 neuropsychological tests administered at 6 months, and 6-month mortality. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, oxygenation thresholds of 150 and 200 mm Hg were associated with better functional outcome at 6 months (adjusted OR for better functional outcome on GOSE 1.82 [95% CI 1.12-2.94] and 1.59 [95% CI 1.06-2.37], respectively) and improved cognitive outcome at 6 months (adjusted beta coefficients for better cognitive percentile across 9 neuropsychological tests: 6.9 [95% CI 1.3-12.5] and 6.8 [95% CI 2.4-11.3], respectively). There was no significant association between oxygenation level and 6-month mortality except at a PaO2 threshold of 200 mm Hg (OR for death 0.36, 95% CI 0.18-0.71). Higher or lower oxygenation thresholds were not associated with functional or cognitive outcome. CONCLUSIONS In this observational study, the relationship between early arterial oxygenation and long-term functional and cognitive TBI outcomes appears to be U-shaped. Mild levels of hyperoxemia within the first 24 hours after injury were associated with better long-term functional and cognitive outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of examining balanced oxygen supplementation as a potential strategy to improve TBI outcomes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz S Alali
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center; and
| | - Nancy Temkin
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center; and
- Departments of2Biostatistics
| | | | | | - Jason Barber
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center; and
| | - Sureyya Dikmen
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center; and
- 4Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Randall M Chesnut
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center; and
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30
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Ng SY, Lee AYW. Traumatic Brain Injuries: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:528. [PMID: 31827423 PMCID: PMC6890857 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst civilians and military personnel globally. Despite advances in our knowledge of the complex pathophysiology of TBI, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. While initial brain insult involves acute and irreversible primary damage to the parenchyma, the ensuing secondary brain injuries often progress slowly over months to years, hence providing a window for therapeutic interventions. To date, hallmark events during delayed secondary CNS damage include Wallerian degeneration of axons, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death of neurons and glia. Extensive research has been directed to the identification of druggable targets associated with these processes. Furthermore, tremendous effort has been put forth to improve the bioavailability of therapeutics to CNS by devising strategies for efficient, specific and controlled delivery of bioactive agents to cellular targets. Here, we give an overview of the pathophysiology of TBI and the underlying molecular mechanisms, followed by an update on novel therapeutic targets and agents. Recent development of various approaches of drug delivery to the CNS is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yun Ng
- Neurobiology/Ageing Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Yiu Wah Lee
- Neurobiology/Ageing Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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31
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Ferguson M, Sharma D, Ross D, Zhao F. A Critical Review of Microelectrode Arrays and Strategies for Improving Neural Interfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900558. [PMID: 31464094 PMCID: PMC6786932 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Though neural interface systems (NISs) can provide a potential solution for mitigating the effects of limb loss and central nervous system damage, the microelectrode array (MEA) component of NISs remains a significant limiting factor to their widespread clinical applications. Several strategies can be applied to MEA designs to increase their biocompatibility. Herein, an overview of NISs and their applications is provided, along with a detailed discussion of strategies for alleviating the foreign body response (FBR) and abnormalities seen at the interface of MEAs and the brain tissue following MEA implantation. Various surface modifications, including natural/synthetic surface coatings, hydrogels, and topography alterations, have shown to be highly successful in improving neural cell adhesion, reducing gliosis, and increasing MEA longevity. Different MEA surface geometries, such as those seen in the Utah and Michigan arrays, can help alleviate the resultant FBR by reducing insertion damage, while providing new avenues for improving MEA recording performance and resolution. Increasing overall flexibility of MEAs as well as reducing their stiffness is also shown to reduce MEA induced micromotion along with FBR severity. By combining multiple different properties into a single MEA, the severity and duration of an FBR postimplantation can be reduced substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931
| | - David Ross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931
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32
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Chang CY, Liang MZ, Chen L. Current progress of mitochondrial transplantation that promotes neuronal regeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:17. [PMID: 31210929 PMCID: PMC6567446 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are the major source of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and play an essential role in a plethora of physiological functions, including the regulation of metabolism and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Mutations of mitochondrial DNA, proteins and impaired mitochondrial function have been implicated in the neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and injury of the central nervous system (CNS). The dynamic feature of mitochondrial fusion, fission, trafficking and turnover have also been documented in these diseases. Perspectives A major bottleneck of traditional approach to correct mitochondria-related disorders is the difficulty of drugs or gene targeting agents to arrive at specific sub-compartments of mitochondria. Moreover, the diverse nature of mitochondrial mutations among patients makes it impossible to develop one drug for one disease. To this end, mitochondrial transplantation presents a new paradigm of therapeutic intervention that benefits neuronal survival and regeneration for neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and CNS injury. Supplement of healthy mitochondria to damaged neurons has been reported to promote neuronal viability, activity and neurite re-growth. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advance and development on mitochondrial therapy. Conclusion Key parameters for the success of mitochondrial transplantation depend on the source and quality of isolated mitochondria, delivery protocol, and cellular uptake of supplemented mitochondria. To expedite clinical application of the mitochondrial transplantation, current isolation protocol needs optimization to obtain high percentage of functional mitochondria, isolated mitochondria may be packaged by biomaterials for successful delivery to brain allowing for efficient neuronal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yuan Chang
- 1Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Min-Zong Liang
- 1Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- 1Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan.,2Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
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33
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Hill RL, Singh IN, Wang JA, Hall ED. Effects of Phenelzine Administration on Mitochondrial Function, Calcium Handling, and Cytoskeletal Degradation after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1231-1251. [PMID: 30358485 PMCID: PMC6479250 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in the production of peroxynitrite (PN), leading to oxidative damage of lipids and protein. PN-mediated lipid peroxidation (LP) results in production of reactive aldehydes 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and acrolein. The goal of these studies was to explore the hypothesis that interrupting secondary oxidative damage following a TBI via phenelzine (PZ), analdehyde scavenger, would protect against LP-mediated mitochondrial and neuronal damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a severe (2.2 mm) controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI. PZ was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) at 15 min (10 mg/kg) and 12 h (5 mg/kg) post-injury and for the therapeutic window/delay study, PZ was administered at 1 h (10 mg/kg) and 24 h (5 mg/kg). Mitochondrial and cellular protein samples were obtained at 24 and 72 h post-injury (hpi). Administration of PZ significantly improved mitochondrial respiration at 24 and 72 h compared with vehicle-treated animals. These results demonstrate that PZ administration preserves mitochondrial bioenergetics at 24 h and that this protection is maintained out to 72 hpi. Additionally, delaying the administration still elicited significant protective effects. PZ administration also improved mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering (CB) capacity and mitochondrial membrane potential parameters compared with vehicle-treated animals at 24 h. Although PZ treatment attenuated aldehyde accumulation post-injury, the effects were insignificant. The amount of α-spectrin breakdown in cortical tissue was reduced by PZ administration at 24 h, but not at 72 hpi compared with vehicle-treated animals. In conclusion, these results indicate that acute PZ treatment successfully attenuates LP-mediated oxidative damage eliciting multiple neuroprotective effects following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Hill
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Indrapal N. Singh
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Juan A. Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Edward D. Hall
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
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Saletti PG, Ali I, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Semple BD, Lisgaras CP, Moshé SL, Galanopoulou AS. In search of antiepileptogenic treatments for post-traumatic epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 123:86-99. [PMID: 29936231 PMCID: PMC6309524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is diagnosed in 20% of individuals with acquired epilepsy, and can impact significantly the quality of life due to the seizures and other functional or cognitive and behavioral outcomes of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) and PTE. There is no available antiepileptogenic or disease modifying treatment for PTE. Animal models of TBI and PTE have been developed, offering useful insights on the value of inflammatory, neurodegenerative pathways, hemorrhages and iron accumulation, calcium channels and other target pathways that could be used for treatment development. Most of the existing preclinical studies test efficacy towards pathologies of functional recovery after TBI, while a few studies are emerging testing the effects towards induced or spontaneous seizures. Here we review the existing preclinical trials testing new candidate treatments for TBI sequelae and PTE, and discuss future directions for efforts aiming at developing antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Saletti
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Panagiotis Lisgaras
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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35
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Pavlova V, Filipova E, Uzunova K, Kalinov K, Vekov T. Pioglitazone Therapy and Fractures: Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 18:502-507. [PMID: 29683100 DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666180423121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiazolidinediones are a group of synthetic medications used in type 2 diabetes treatment. Among available thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone is gaining increased attention due to its lower cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers and seems a promising future therapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that diabetic patients may exert bone fractures due to such treatments. Simultaneously, the female population is thought to be at greater risk. Still, the safety outcomes of pioglitazone treatment especially in terms of fractures are questionable and need to be clarified. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, PsyInfo, eLIBRARY.ru electronic databases and clinical trial registries for studies reporting an association between pioglitazone and bone fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients published before Feb 15, 2016. Among 1536 sources that were initially identified, six studies including 3172 patients proved relevant for further analysis. RESULT Pooled analysis of the included studies demonstrated that after treatment with pioglitazone patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had no significant increase in fracture risk [odds ratio (OR): 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82 to 1.71, p=0.38] compared to other antidiabetic drugs or placebo. Additionally, no association was found between the risk of fractures and pioglitazone therapy duration. The gender of the patients involved was not relevant to the risk of fractures, too. CONCLUSION Pioglitazone treatment in diabetic patients does not increase the incidence of bone fractures. Moreover, there is no significant association between patients' fractures, their gender and the period of exposure to pioglitazone. Additional longitudinal studies need to be undertaken to obtain more detailed information on bone fragility and pioglitazone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velichka Pavlova
- Science Department, Tchaikapharma High-Quality Medicines, Inc., 1 G.M. Dimitrov Blvd, 1172 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Filipova
- Science Department, Tchaikapharma High-Quality Medicines, Inc., 1 G.M. Dimitrov Blvd, 1172 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Katya Uzunova
- Science Department, Tchaikapharma High-Quality Medicines, Inc., 1 G.M. Dimitrov Blvd, 1172 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimir Kalinov
- Department of Informatics, New Bulgarian University, 21 Montevideo Street, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Toni Vekov
- Medical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dean, Pleven, Bulgaria
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Bennett C, Mohammed F, Álvarez-Ciara A, Nguyen MA, Dietrich WD, Rajguru SM, Streit WJ, Prasad A. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in acute Utah electrode array implants and the effect of deferoxamine as an iron chelator on acute foreign body response. Biomaterials 2019; 188:144-159. [PMID: 30343257 PMCID: PMC6300159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of intracortical microelectrode arrays has gained significant attention in being able to help restore function in paralysis patients and study the brain in various neurological disorders. Electrode implantation in the cortex causes vasculature or blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and thus elicits a foreign body response (FBR) that results in chronic inflammation and may lead to poor electrode performance. In this study, a comprehensive insight into the acute molecular mechanisms occurring at the Utah electrode array-tissue interface is provided to understand the oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurovascular unit (astrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells) disruption that occurs following microelectrode implantation. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify the gene expression at acute time-points of 48-hr, 72-hr, and 7-days for factors mediating oxidative stress, inflammation, and BBB disruption in rats implanted with a non-functional 4 × 4 Utah array in the somatosensory cortex. During vascular disruption, free iron released into the brain parenchyma can exacerbate the FBR, leading to oxidative stress and thus further contributing to BBB degradation. To reduce the free iron released into the brain tissue, the effects of an iron chelator, deferoxamine mesylate (DFX), was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Farrah Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Suhrud M Rajguru
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Abhishek Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL, USA.
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Hubbard WB, Joseph B, Spry M, Vekaria HJ, Saatman KE, Sullivan PG. Acute Mitochondrial Impairment Underlies Prolonged Cellular Dysfunction after Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:1252-1263. [PMID: 30417732 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), accounting for more than 80% of TBIs, can cause cognitive and behavioral impairments, the severity and duration of which increase after additional mTBIs. While mTBI does not cause widespread neuronal death, the mechanisms underlying increased cellular susceptibility to subsequent head impacts remain unknown. To investigate the hypothesis that altered mitochondrial bioenergetics underlie cellular vulnerability to repeated insults, we employed a mouse model of mild closed head injury (CHI) to examine mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, because these mechanisms are often intertwined. Mitochondrial respiration was assayed (Seahorse XFe24 Flux Analyzer) from cortex and hippocampus collected at 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h post-injury. State III (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-mediated) respiration was significantly decreased in the hippocampal mitochondria of the CHI group compared with sham at 48 h post-injury. Further, cortex-derived mitochondria exhibited a decrease in State III respiration at 24 h and 48 h post-injury. No significant differences were observed at 6 h or 96 h post-injury in either region of interest. A second CHI repeated either 48 h or 96 h after the first did not worsen State III respiration at 48 h after the final injury compared with a single CHI, but CHI repeated at a 48 h interval prolonged cortical mitochondrial dysfunction to 96 h after the final injury. Markers of oxidative stress were significantly elevated after two CHIs delivered 48 h apart, but not after single CHI or two CHI delivered 96 h apart. This study establishes that mTBI results in early mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be a determinant for cellular vulnerability to repeated head impacts. Thus, therapies targeting mitochondrial impairment could improve outcomes after repeated mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Binoy Joseph
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Malinda Spry
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kathryn E Saatman
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,3 Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,4 Lexington VAMC, Lexington, Kentucky
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38
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Zhou Z, Austin GL, Young LEA, Johnson LA, Sun R. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Major Neurological Diseases. Cells 2018; 7:E229. [PMID: 30477120 PMCID: PMC6316877 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are bilayer sub-cellular organelles that are an integral part of normal cellular physiology. They are responsible for producing the majority of a cell's ATP, thus supplying energy for a variety of key cellular processes, especially in the brain. Although energy production is a key aspect of mitochondrial metabolism, its role extends far beyond energy production to cell signaling and epigenetic regulation⁻functions that contribute to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and autophagy. Recent research on neurological disorders suggest a major metabolic component in disease pathophysiology, and mitochondria have been shown to be in the center of metabolic dysregulation and possibly disease manifestation. This review will discuss the basic functions of mitochondria and how alterations in mitochondrial activity lead to neurological disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiu Zhou
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Grant L Austin
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Lyndsay E A Young
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Ramon Sun
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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39
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Oliver JM, Anzalone AJ, Turner SM. Protection Before Impact: the Potential Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Sports-Related Head Trauma. Sports Med 2018; 48:39-52. [PMID: 29368186 PMCID: PMC5790849 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Even in the presence of underreporting, sports-related concussions/mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are on the rise. In the absence of proper diagnosis, an athlete may return to play prior to full recovery, increasing the risk of second-impact syndrome or protracted symptoms. Recent evidence has demonstrated that sub-concussive impacts, those sustained routinely in practice and competition, result in a quantifiable pathophysiological response and the accumulation of both concussive and sub-concussive impacts sustained over a lifetime of sports participation may lead to long-term neurological impairments and an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. The pathophysiological, neurometabolic, and neurochemical cascade that initiates subsequent to the injury is complex and involves multiple mechanisms. While pharmaceutical treatments may target one mechanism, specific nutrients and nutraceuticals have been discovered to impact several pathways, presenting a broader approach. Several studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of nutritional supplementation in the treatment of mTBI. However, given that many concussions go unreported and sub-concussive impacts result in a pathophysiological response that, too, may contribute to long-term brain health, protection prior to impact is warranted. This review discusses the current literature regarding the role of nutritional supplements that, when provided before mTBI and traumatic brain injury, may provide neurological protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Oliver
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University (TCU), Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
| | - Anthony J Anzalone
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University (TCU), Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Stephanie M Turner
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University (TCU), Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
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Chao H, Anthonymuthu TS, Kenny EM, Amoscato AA, Cole LK, Hatch GM, Ji J, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Disentangling oxidation/hydrolysis reactions of brain mitochondrial cardiolipins in pathogenesis of traumatic injury. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97677. [PMID: 30385716 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical injury to the brain triggers multiple biochemical events whose specific contributions to the pathogenesis define clinical manifestations and the overall outcome. Among many factors, mitochondrial injury has recently attracted much attention due to the importance of the organelle for bioenergetics as well as intra- and extracellular signaling and cell death. Assuming the essentiality of a mitochondria-unique phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), for the structural and functional organization of mitochondria, here we applied global (phospho) lipidomics and redox lipidomics to reveal and identify CL modifications during controlled cortical impact (CCI). We revealed 2 major pathways activated in the CCI-injured brain as time-specific responses: early accumulation of oxidized CL (CLox) products was followed by hydrolytic reactions yielding monolyso-CLs (mCLs) and free fatty acids. To quantitatively assess possible specific roles of peroxidation and hydrolysis of mitochondrial CL, we performed comparative studies of CL modifications using an animal model of Barth syndrome where deficiency of CL reacylation (Tafazzin [Taz] deficiency) was associated exclusively with the accumulation of mCLs (but not CLox). By comparing the in vitro and in vivo results with genetic manipulation of major CL-, CLox-, and mCL-metabolizing enzymes, calcium-independent phospholipase A2γ and Taz, we concluded that the 2 processes - CL oxidation and CL hydrolysis - act as mutually synergistically enhancing components of the pathogenic mechanism of mitochondrial injury in traumatic brain injury. This emphasizes the need for combined therapeutic approaches preventing the formation of both CLox and mCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglu Chao
- The Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and the Neuroscience Institute of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- The Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and the Neuroscience Institute of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kenny
- The Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and the Neuroscience Institute of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jing Ji
- The Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and the Neuroscience Institute of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hülya Bayır
- The Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and the Neuroscience Institute of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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L-Carnitine and extendin-4 improve outcomes following moderate brain contusion injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11201. [PMID: 30046063 PMCID: PMC6060156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for pharmaceutical agents that can reduce neuronal loss and improve functional deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous research suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a major role in neuronal damage after TBI. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate two drugs known to have antioxidant effects, L-carnitine and exendin-4, in rats with moderate contusive TBI. L-carnitine (1.5 mM in drinking water) or exendin-4 (15 µg/kg/day, ip) were given immediately after the injury for 2 weeks. Neurological function and brain histology were examined (24 h and 6 weeks post injury). The rats with TBI showed slight sensory, motor and memory functional deficits at 24 h, but recovered by 6 weeks. Both treatments improved sensory and motor functions at 24 h, while only exendin-4 improved memory. Both treatments reduced cortical contusion at 24 h and 6 weeks, however neither affected gliosis and inflammatory cell activation. Oxidative stress was alleviated and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species was reduced by both treatments, however only mitochondrial functional marker protein transporter translocase of outer membrane 20 was increased at 24 h post injury. In conclusion, L-carnitine and exendin-4 treatments immediately after TBI can improve neurological functional outcome and tissue integrity by reducing oxidative stress.
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Roohbakhsh A, Shamsizadeh A, Hayes A, Reiter RJ, Karimi G. Melatonin as an endogenous regulator of diseases: The role of autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:265-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hill RL, Kulbe JR, Singh IN, Wang JA, Hall ED. Synaptic Mitochondria are More Susceptible to Traumatic Brain Injury-induced Oxidative Damage and Respiratory Dysfunction than Non-synaptic Mitochondria. Neuroscience 2018; 386:265-283. [PMID: 29960045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in mitochondrial dysfunction and induction of lipid peroxidation (LP). Lipid peroxidation-derived neurotoxic aldehydes such as 4-HNE and acrolein bind to mitochondrial proteins, inducing additional oxidative damage and further exacerbating mitochondrial dysfunction and LP. Mitochondria are heterogeneous, consisting of both synaptic and non-synaptic populations. Synaptic mitochondria are reported to be more vulnerable to injury; however, this is the first study to characterize the temporal profile of synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria following TBI, including investigation of respiratory dysfunction and oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins between 3 and 120 h following injury. These results indicate that synaptic mitochondria are indeed the more vulnerable population, showing both more rapid and severe impairments than non-synaptic mitochondria. By 24 h, synaptic respiration is significantly impaired compared to synaptic sham, whereas non-synaptic respiration does not decline significantly until 48 h. Decreases in respiration are associated with increases in oxidative damage to synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial proteins at 48 h and 72 h, respectively. These results indicate that the therapeutic window for mitochondria-targeted pharmacological neuroprotectants to prevent respiratory dysfunction is shorter for the more vulnerable synaptic mitochondria than for the non-synaptic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Hill
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Jacqueline R Kulbe
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Indrapal N Singh
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Juan A Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Edward D Hall
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States.
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Mitochondrial therapy promotes regeneration of injured hippocampal neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3001-3012. [PMID: 29913215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inhibitory microenvironment and reduced intrinsic growth capacity of neurons, neuronal regeneration of central nervous system remains challenging. Neurons are highly energy demanding and require sufficient mitochondria to support cellular activities. In response to stimuli, mitochondria undergo fusion/fission cycles to adapt to environment. It is thus logical to hypothesize that the plasticity of mitochondrial dynamics is required for neuronal regeneration. In this study, we examined the role of mitochondrial dynamics during regeneration of rat hippocampal neurons. Quantitative analysis showed that injury induced mitochondrial fission. As mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, we tested the possibility that the mitochondrial therapy may promote neuronal regeneration. Supplying freshly isolated mitochondria to the injured hippocampal neurons not only significantly increased neurite re-growth but also restored membrane potential of injured hippocampal neurons. Together, our findings support the importance of mitochondrial dynamics during regeneration of injured hippocampal neurons and highlight the therapeutic prospect of mitochondria to the injured central nervous system.
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45
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Abu Hamdeh S, Shevchenko G, Mi J, Musunuri S, Bergquist J, Marklund N. Proteomic differences between focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury in human brain tissue. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6807. [PMID: 29717219 PMCID: PMC5931620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The early molecular response to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) was evaluated using biopsies of structurally normal-appearing cortex, obtained at location for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, from 16 severe TBI patients. Mass spectrometry (MS; label free and stable isotope dimethyl labeling) quantitation proteomics showed a strikingly different molecular pattern in TBI in comparison to cortical biopsies from 11 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. Diffuse TBI showed increased expression of peptides related to neurodegeneration (Tau and Fascin, p < 0.05), reduced expression related to antioxidant defense (Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3, Peroxiredoxin-6, Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase; p < 0.05) and increased expression of potential biomarkers (e.g. Neurogranin, Fatty acid-binding protein, heart p < 0.05) compared to focal TBI. Proteomics of human brain biopsies displayed considerable molecular heterogeneity among the different TBI subtypes with consequences for the pathophysiology and development of targeted treatments for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abu Hamdeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia Mi
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Sravani Musunuri
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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46
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Millet A, Cuisinier A, Bouzat P, Batandier C, Lemasson B, Stupar V, Pernet-Gallay K, Crespy T, Barbier EL, Payen JF. Hypertonic sodium lactate reverses brain oxygenation and metabolism dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:1295-1303. [PMID: 29793596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms by which hypertonic sodium lactate (HSL) solution act in injured brain are unclear. We investigated the effects of HSL on brain metabolism, oxygenation, and perfusion in a rodent model of diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Thirty minutes after trauma, anaesthetised adult rats were randomly assigned to receive a 3 h infusion of either a saline solution (TBI-saline group) or HSL (TBI-HSL group). The sham-saline and sham-HSL groups received no insult. Three series of experiments were conducted up to 4 h after TBI (or equivalent) to investigate: 1) brain oedema using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and brain metabolism using localized 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 10 rats per group). The respiratory control ratio was then determined using oxygraphic analysis of extracted mitochondria, 2) brain oxygenation and perfusion using quantitative blood-oxygenation-level-dependent magnetic resonance approach (n = 10 rats per group), and 3) mitochondrial ultrastructural changes (n = 1 rat per group). RESULTS Compared with the TBI-saline group, the TBI-HSL and the sham-operated groups had reduced brain oedema. Concomitantly, the TBI-HSL group had lower intracellular lactate/creatine ratio [0.049 (0.047-0.098) vs 0.097 (0.079-0.157); P < 0.05], higher mitochondrial respiratory control ratio, higher tissue oxygen saturation [77% (71-79) vs 66% (55-73); P < 0.05], and reduced mitochondrial cristae thickness in astrocytes [27.5 (22.5-38.4) nm vs 38.4 (31.0-47.5) nm; P < 0.01] compared with the TBI-saline group. Serum sodium and lactate concentrations and serum osmolality were higher in the TBI-HSL than in the TBI-saline group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the hypertonic sodium lactate solution can reverse brain oxygenation and metabolism dysfunction after traumatic brain injury through vasodilatory, mitochondrial, and anti-oedema effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Millet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; Pôle Couple Enfant, Hôpital Michallon, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Cuisinier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - P Bouzat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - C Batandier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1055, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - B Lemasson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - V Stupar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - K Pernet-Gallay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - T Crespy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - E L Barbier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - J F Payen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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47
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Xu K, Wu F, Xu K, Li Z, Wei X, Lu Q, Jiang T, Wu F, Xu X, Xiao J, Chen D, Zhang H. NaHS restores mitochondrial function and inhibits autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway to improve functional recovery after traumatic brain injury. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 286:96-105. [PMID: 29567101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. TBI causes neurological deficits by triggering secondary injuries. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous mediator, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects in central nervous system diseases, such as TBI. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect are still unclear. The present study was designed to explore the ability of NaHS, a H2S donor, to provide neuroprotection in a mouse model of TBI and to discover the associated molecular mechanisms of these protective effects. Here, we found that administration of NaHS not only maintained the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB), protected neurons from apoptosis, and promoted remyelination and axonal reparation but also protected mitochondrial function. In addition, we found that autophagy was inhibited after treatment with NaHS following TBI, an effect that was induced by activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Our study indicated that H2S treatment is beneficial for TBI, pointing to H2S as a potential therapeutic target for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengmao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fenzan Wu
- Science and Education Division, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Experimental Research Centre, Dongyang People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua 322100, Zhejiang, China.
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48
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Lowered iPLA2γ activity causes increased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a rotenone-induced model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2018; 300:74-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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49
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Pierce JD, Gupte R, Thimmesch A, Shen Q, Hiebert JB, Brooks WM, Clancy RL, Diaz FJ, Harris JL. Ubiquinol treatment for TBI in male rats: Effects on mitochondrial integrity, injury severity, and neurometabolism. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1080-1092. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raeesa Gupte
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Hoglund Brain Institute
| | | | - Qiuhua Shen
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing
| | | | - William M. Brooks
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, Department of Neurology
| | | | | | - Janna L. Harris
- University of Kansas Medical, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
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50
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Szarka N, Pabbidi MR, Amrein K, Czeiter E, Berta G, Pohoczky K, Helyes Z, Ungvari Z, Koller A, Buki A, Toth P. Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Myogenic Constriction of Cerebral Arteries: Role of Mitochondria-Derived H 2O 2 and TRPV4-Dependent Activation of BK ca Channels. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:930-939. [PMID: 29179622 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs autoregulation of cerebral blood flow, which contributes to the development of secondary brain injury, increasing mortality of patients. Impairment of pressure-induced myogenic constriction of cerebral arteries plays a critical role in autoregulatory dysfunction; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To determine the role of mitochondria-derived H2O2 and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) in myogenic autoregulatory dysfunction, middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were isolated from rats with severe weight drop-impact acceleration brain injury. We found that 24 h post-TBI MCAs exhibited impaired myogenic constriction, which was restored by treatment with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (mitoTEMPO), by scavenging of H2O2 (polyethylene glycol [PEG]-catalase) and by blocking both BKCa channels (paxilline) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) channels (HC 067047). Further, exogenous administration of H2O2 elicited significant dilation of MCAs, which was inhibited by blocking either BKCa or TRPV4 channels. Vasodilation induced by the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A was inhibited by paxilline. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells H2O2 activated BKCa currents, which were inhibited by blockade of TRPV4 channels. Collectively, our results suggest that after TBI, excessive mitochondria-derived H2O2 activates BKCa channels via a TRPV4-dependent pathway in the vascular smooth muscle cells, which impairs pressure-induced constriction of cerebral arteries. Future studies should elucidate the therapeutic potential of pharmacological targeting of this pathway in TBI, to restore autoregulatory function in order to prevent secondary brain damage and decrease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Szarka
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Department of Translational Medicine, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary
| | - Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Krisztina Amrein
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary
| | - Endre Czeiter
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohoczky
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Akos Koller
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Andras Buki
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary
| | - Peter Toth
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Department of Translational Medicine, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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