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Shafqat A, Masters MC, Tripathi U, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Hashmi SK. Long COVID as a disease of accelerated biological aging: An opportunity to translate geroscience interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102400. [PMID: 38945306 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been four years since long COVID-the protracted consequences that survivors of COVID-19 face-was first described. Yet, this entity continues to devastate the quality of life of an increasing number of COVID-19 survivors without any approved therapy and a paucity of clinical trials addressing its biological root causes. Notably, many of the symptoms of long COVID are typically seen with advancing age. Leveraging this similarity, we posit that Geroscience-which aims to target the biological drivers of aging to prevent age-associated conditions as a group-could offer promising therapeutic avenues for long COVID. Bearing this in mind, this review presents a translational framework for studying long COVID as a state of effectively accelerated biological aging, identifying research gaps and offering recommendations for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mary Clare Masters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Research and Innovation Center, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Ma Q, Luo G, Wang F, Li H, Li X, Liu Y, Li Z, Guo Y, Li Y. NK Cell Mitochondrial Membrane Potential-Associated Model Predicts Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4361-4372. [PMID: 38983452 PMCID: PMC11232957 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s458749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated potential predictive models associated with natural killer (NK) cell mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP or ΔΨm) in predicting death among critically ill patients with COVID-19. Patients and Methods We included 97 patients with COVID-19 of different severities attending Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2022 to January 2023. Patients were divided into three groups according to oxygen and mechanical ventilation use during specimen collection and were followed for survival and death at 3 months. The lymphocyte subpopulation MMP was detected via flow cytometry. We constructed a joint diagnostic model by integrating identified key indicators and generating receiver operating curves (ROCs) and evaluated its predictive performance for mortality risk in critically ill patients. Results The NK-cell MMP median fluorescence intensity (MFI) was significantly lower in critically ill patients who died from COVID-19 (p<0.0001) and significantly and positively correlated with D-dimer content in critically ill patients (r=0.56, p=0.0023). The random forest model suggested that fibrinogen levels and NK-cell MMP MFI were the most important indicators. Integrating the above predictive models for the ROC yielded an area under the curve of 0.94. Conclusion This study revealed the potential of combining NK-cell MMP with key clinical indicators (D-dimer and fibrinogen levels) to predict death among critically ill patients with COVID-19, which may help in early risk stratification of critically ill patients and improve patient care and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Laboratory Innovation Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoju Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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López-Ayllón BD, Marin S, Fernández MF, García-García T, Fernández-Rodríguez R, de Lucas-Rius A, Redondo N, Mendoza-García L, Foguet C, Grigas J, Calvet A, Villalba JM, Gómez MJR, Megías D, Mandracchia B, Luque D, Lozano JJ, Calvo C, Herrán UM, Thomson TM, Garrido JJ, Cascante M, Montoya M. Metabolic and mitochondria alterations induced by SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF3a, ORF9b, ORF9c and ORF10. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29752. [PMID: 38949191 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Antiviral signaling, immune response and cell metabolism are dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF3a, ORF9b, ORF9c and ORF10 induce a significant mitochondrial and metabolic reprogramming in A549 lung epithelial cells. While ORF9b, ORF9c and ORF10 induced largely overlapping transcriptomes, ORF3a induced a distinct transcriptome, including the downregulation of numerous genes with critical roles in mitochondrial function and morphology. On the other hand, all four ORFs altered mitochondrial dynamics and function, but only ORF3a and ORF9c induced a marked alteration in mitochondrial cristae structure. Genome-Scale Metabolic Models identified both metabolic flux reprogramming features both shared across all accessory proteins and specific for each accessory protein. Notably, a downregulated amino acid metabolism was observed in ORF9b, ORF9c and ORF10, while an upregulated lipid metabolism was distinctly induced by ORF3a. These findings reveal metabolic dependencies and vulnerabilities prompted by SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins that may be exploited to identify new targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca D López-Ayllón
- Viral Immunology Lab, Molecular Biomedicine Department, BICS Unit. Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Fariñas Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tránsito García-García
- Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, UIC Zoonoses and Emergent Diseases ENZOEM, Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research, Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl Fernández-Rodríguez
- Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, UIC Zoonoses and Emergent Diseases ENZOEM, Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research, Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana de Lucas-Rius
- Viral Immunology Lab, Molecular Biomedicine Department, BICS Unit. Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Redondo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital '12 de Octubre', Institute for Health Research Hospital '12 de Octubre' (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Mendoza-García
- Viral Immunology Lab, Molecular Biomedicine Department, BICS Unit. Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Foguet
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit and Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juozas Grigas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alba Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Villalba
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Josefa Rodríguez Gómez
- Scientific-Technical Central Units, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Scientific-Technical Central Units, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Biagio Mandracchia
- Scientific-Technical Central Units, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain
- ETSI Telecommunication, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Luque
- Scientific-Technical Central Units, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan José Lozano
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Barcelona Institute for Molecular Biology (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Unai Merino Herrán
- Viral Immunology Lab, Molecular Biomedicine Department, BICS Unit. Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy M Thomson
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Molecular Biology (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Research and Computational Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Peruvian University Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, UIC Zoonoses and Emergent Diseases ENZOEM, Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research, Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Viral Immunology Lab, Molecular Biomedicine Department, BICS Unit. Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Rurek M. Mitochondria in COVID-19: from cellular and molecular perspective. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1406635. [PMID: 38974521 PMCID: PMC11224649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1406635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a closer analysis of cell functioning during β-coronavirus infection. This review will describe evidence for COVID-19 as a syndrome with a strong, albeit still underestimated, mitochondrial component. Due to the sensitivity of host mitochondria to coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2 affects mitochondrial signaling, modulates the immune response, modifies cellular energy metabolism, induces apoptosis and ageing, worsening COVID-19 symptoms which can sometimes be fatal. Various aberrations across human systems and tissues and their relationships with mitochondria were reported. In this review, particular attention is given to characterization of multiple alterations in gene expression pattern and mitochondrial metabolism in COVID-19; the complexity of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins is presented. The participation of mitogenome fragments in cell signaling and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNA within membranous compartments, including mitochondria is widely discussed. As SARS-CoV-2 severely affects the quality system of mitochondria, the cellular background for aberrations in mitochondrial dynamics in COVID-19 is additionally characterized. Finally, perspectives on the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis by numerous compounds and therapeutic treatments are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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5
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Zhang Q, Shi L, Lin Y, Dai H, Bai Y, You P. Abnormal Serum Biochemical Results and Mitochondrial Damage of Lymphocytes in Patients with Schizophrenia and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:1321-1330. [PMID: 38933096 PMCID: PMC11199166 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s462496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we investigated the differences in clinical biochemical values and mitochondrial mass between schizophrenia patients with and without COVID-19, so as to provide assistance to the treatment and management of COVID-19 positive patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods We undertook an exploratory, retrospective review of patient data from Dec. 6, 2022, to Jan. 31, 2023. A total of 1696 inpatients with psychosis (921 schizophrenia patients and 775 diagnosed with other mental diseases) during this period were identified. Finally, 60 schizophrenia patients were enrolled in our study, and 20 of them were infected with syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The serum biochemical levels and single-cell mitochondrial mass (SCMM) of the T lymphocytes of all schizophrenia patients were analyzed. Results The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (Cr) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 (SCZ-C) group. In addition, the SCZ-C group showed lower CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cell counts and higher SCMM of T lymphocytes compared to SCZ group. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between the T-cell subpopulation counts and positive symptom scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Conclusion Our study findings showed that schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 have a phenotype of mitochondrial damage in T lymphocytes and higher serum levels of AST, ALP, Cr and LDH, which might provide evidence for treating individuals with schizophrenia during subsequent spread of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Lin
- The Third Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huirong Dai
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Bai
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan You
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
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Diekman CO, Thomas PJ, Wilson CG. COVID-19 and silent hypoxemia in a minimal closed-loop model of the respiratory rhythm generator. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2024:10.1007/s00422-024-00989-w. [PMID: 38884785 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-024-00989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Silent hypoxemia, or "happy hypoxia," is a puzzling phenomenon in which patients who have contracted COVID-19 exhibit very low oxygen saturation ( SaO 2 < 80%) but do not experience discomfort in breathing. The mechanism by which this blunted response to hypoxia occurs is unknown. We have previously shown that a computational model of the respiratory neural network (Diekman et al. in J Neurophysiol 118(4):2194-2215, 2017) can be used to test hypotheses focused on changes in chemosensory inputs to the central pattern generator (CPG). We hypothesize that altered chemosensory function at the level of the carotid bodies and/or the nucleus tractus solitarii are responsible for the blunted response to hypoxia. Here, we use our model to explore this hypothesis by altering the properties of the gain function representing oxygen sensing inputs to the CPG. We then vary other parameters in the model and show that oxygen carrying capacity is the most salient factor for producing silent hypoxemia. We call for clinicians to measure hematocrit as a clinical index of altered physiology in response to COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey O Diekman
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - Peter J Thomas
- Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics and Basic Sciences, Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, 11223 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
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Wu K, Shieh JS, Qin L, Guo JJ. Mitochondrial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:76. [PMID: 38849951 PMCID: PMC11162051 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders characterized by prolonged muscle inflammation, resulting in enduring pain and diminished functionality, pose significant challenges for the patients. Emerging scientific evidence points to mitochondrial malfunction as a pivotal factor contributing to these ailments. Mitochondria play a critical role in powering skeletal muscle activity, but in the context of persistent inflammation, disruptions in their quantity, configuration, and performance have been well-documented. Various disturbances, encompassing alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (such as fission and fusion), calcium regulation, oxidative stress, biogenesis, and the process of mitophagy, are believed to play a central role in the progression of these disorders. Additionally, unfolded protein responses and the accumulation of fatty acids within muscle cells may adversely affect the internal milieu, impairing the equilibrium of mitochondrial functioning. The structural discrepancies between different mitochondrial subsets namely, intramyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitochondria likely impact their metabolic capabilities and susceptibility to inflammatory influences. The release of signals from damaged mitochondria is known to incite inflammatory responses. Intriguingly, migrasomes and extracellular vesicles serve as vehicles for intercellular transfer of mitochondria, aiding in the removal of impaired mitochondria and regulation of inflammation. Viral infections have been implicated in inducing stress on mitochondria. Prolonged dysfunction of these vital organelles sustains oxidative harm, metabolic irregularities, and heightened cytokine release, impeding the body's ability to repair tissues. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of advancements in understanding changes in the intracellular environment, mitochondrial architecture and distribution, biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy, oxidative stress, cytokines associated with mitochondria, vesicular structures, and associated membranes in the context of chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders. Strategies targeting key elements regulating mitochondrial quality exhibit promise in the restoration of mitochondrial function, alleviation of inflammation, and enhancement of overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Sheng Shieh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of the Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Jiong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
- MOE China-Europe Sports Medicine Belt and Road Joint Laboratory, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Guarnieri JW, Haltom JA, Albrecht YES, Lie T, Olali AZ, Widjaja GA, Ranshing SS, Angelin A, Murdock D, Wallace DC. SARS-CoV-2 mitochondrial metabolic and epigenomic reprogramming in COVID-19. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107170. [PMID: 38614374 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
To determine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cellular metabolism, we conducted an exhaustive survey of the cellular metabolic pathways modulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection and confirmed their importance for SARS-CoV-2 propagation by cataloging the effects of specific pathway inhibitors. This revealed that SARS-CoV-2 strongly inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) resulting in increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production. The elevated mROS stabilizes HIF-1α which redirects carbon molecules from mitochondrial oxidation through glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to provide substrates for viral biogenesis. mROS also induces the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which activates innate immunity. The restructuring of cellular energy metabolism is mediated in part by SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 and Orf10 whose expression restructures nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mtDNA OXPHOS gene expression. These viral proteins likely alter the epigenome, either by directly altering histone modifications or by modulating mitochondrial metabolite substrates of epigenome modification enzymes, potentially silencing OXPHOS gene expression and contributing to long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Guarnieri
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Haltom
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yentli E Soto Albrecht
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy Lie
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arnold Z Olali
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Widjaja
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sujata S Ranshing
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deborah Murdock
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Barker-Tejeda TC, Zubeldia-Varela E, Macías-Camero A, Alonso L, Martín-Antoniano IA, Rey-Stolle MF, Mera-Berriatua L, Bazire R, Cabrera-Freitag P, Shanmuganathan M, Britz-McKibbin P, Ubeda C, Francino MP, Barber D, Ibáñez-Sandín MD, Barbas C, Pérez-Gordo M, Villaseñor A. Comparative characterization of the infant gut microbiome and their maternal lineage by a multi-omics approach. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3004. [PMID: 38589361 PMCID: PMC11001937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome establishes and matures during infancy, and dysregulation at this stage may lead to pathologies later in life. We conducted a multi-omics study comprising three generations of family members to investigate the early development of the gut microbiota. Fecal samples from 200 individuals, including infants (0-12 months old; 55% females, 45% males) and their respective mothers and grandmothers, were analyzed using two independent metabolomics platforms and metagenomics. For metabolomics, gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry were applied. For metagenomics, both 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing were performed. Here we show that infants greatly vary from their elders in fecal microbiota populations, function, and metabolome. Infants have a less diverse microbiota than adults and present differences in several metabolite classes, such as short- and branched-chain fatty acids, which are associated with shifts in bacterial populations. These findings provide innovative biochemical insights into the shaping of the gut microbiome within the same generational line that could be beneficial in improving childhood health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Clive Barker-Tejeda
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Elisa Zubeldia-Varela
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Andrea Macías-Camero
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Lola Alonso
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Adoración Martín-Antoniano
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones IEA-CEU, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Leticia Mera-Berriatua
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Raphaëlle Bazire
- Department of Allergy, Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, Fib-HNJ, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Cabrera-Freitag
- Pedriatic Allergy Unit, Allergy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, and Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carles Ubeda
- Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Francino
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Joint Research Unit in Genomics and Health, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) and Institut de Biologia Integrativa de Sistemes (Universitat de València / Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), València, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ibáñez-Sandín
- Department of Allergy, Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, Fib-HNJ, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Marina Pérez-Gordo
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
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10
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Naidu AS, Wang CK, Rao P, Mancini F, Clemens RA, Wirakartakusumah A, Chiu HF, Yen CH, Porretta S, Mathai I, Naidu SAG. Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:19. [PMID: 38555403 PMCID: PMC10981760 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is devoid of any metabolic capacity; therefore, it is critical for the viral pathogen to hijack host cellular metabolic machinery for its replication and propagation. This single-stranded RNA virus with a 29.9 kb genome encodes 14 open reading frames (ORFs) and initiates a plethora of virus-host protein-protein interactions in the human body. These extensive viral protein interactions with host-specific cellular targets could trigger severe human metabolic reprogramming/dysregulation (HMRD), a rewiring of sugar-, amino acid-, lipid-, and nucleotide-metabolism(s), as well as altered or impaired bioenergetics, immune dysfunction, and redox imbalance in the body. In the infectious process, the viral pathogen hijacks two major human receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 and/or neuropilin (NRP)-1, for initial adhesion to cell surface; then utilizes two major host proteases, TMPRSS2 and/or furin, to gain cellular entry; and finally employs an endosomal enzyme, cathepsin L (CTSL) for fusogenic release of its viral genome. The virus-induced HMRD results in 5 possible infectious outcomes: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe to fatal episodes; while the symptomatic acute COVID-19 condition could manifest into 3 clinical phases: (i) hypoxia and hypoxemia (Warburg effect), (ii) hyperferritinemia ('cytokine storm'), and (iii) thrombocytosis (coagulopathy). The mean incubation period for COVID-19 onset was estimated to be 5.1 days, and most cases develop symptoms after 14 days. The mean viral clearance times were 24, 30, and 39 days for acute, severe, and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients, respectively. However, about 25-70% of virus-free COVID-19 survivors continue to sustain virus-induced HMRD and exhibit a wide range of symptoms that are persistent, exacerbated, or new 'onset' clinical incidents, collectively termed as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. PASC patients experience several debilitating clinical condition(s) with >200 different and overlapping symptoms that may last for weeks to months. Chronic PASC is a cumulative outcome of at least 10 different HMRD-related pathophysiological mechanisms involving both virus-derived virulence factors and a multitude of innate host responses. Based on HMRD and virus-free clinical impairments of different human organs/systems, PASC patients can be categorized into 4 different clusters or sub-phenotypes: sub-phenotype-1 (33.8%) with cardiac and renal manifestations; sub-phenotype-2 (32.8%) with respiratory, sleep and anxiety disorders; sub-phenotype-3 (23.4%) with skeleto-muscular and nervous disorders; and sub-phenotype-4 (10.1%) with digestive and pulmonary dysfunctions. This narrative review elucidates the effects of viral hijack on host cellular machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensuing detrimental effect(s) of virus-induced HMRD on human metabolism, consequential symptomatic clinical implications, and damage to multiple organ systems; as well as chronic pathophysiological sequelae in virus-free PASC patients. We have also provided a few evidence-based, human randomized controlled trial (RCT)-tested, precision nutrients to reset HMRD for health recovery of PASC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Satyanarayan Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA.
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA.
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, No.1, Campus New Village, Longjiang Street, Fuqing City, Fujian, China
| | - Fabrizio Mancini
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President-Emeritus, Parker University, 2540 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, TX, 75229, USA
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy/D. K. Kim International Center for Regulatory & Quality Sciences, 1540 Alcazar St., CHP 140, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Aman Wirakartakusumah
- International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST), Guelph, ON, Canada
- IPMI International Business School Jakarta; South East Asian Food and Agriculture Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health & Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sebastiano Porretta
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President, Italian Association of Food Technology (AITA), Milan, Italy
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Department of Consumer Science, Viale Tanara 31/a, I-43121, Parma, Italy
| | - Issac Mathai
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- Soukya International Holistic Health Center, Whitefield, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sreus A G Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA
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11
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Kavalcı Kol B, Boşnak Güçlü M, Baytok E, Yılmaz Demirci N. Comparison of the muscle oxygenation during submaximal and maximal exercise tests in patients post-coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome with pulmonary involvement. Physiother Theory Pract 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38469863 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2024.2327534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary involvement is prevalent in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Arterial hypoxemia may reduce oxygen transferred to the skeletal muscles, possibly leading to impaired exercise capacity. Oxygen uptake may vary depending on the increased oxygen demand of the muscles during submaximal and maximal exercise. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare muscle oxygenation during submaximal and maximal exercise tests in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome with pulmonary involvement. METHODS Thirty-nine patients were included. Pulmonary function (spirometry), peripheral muscle strength (dynamometer), quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle oxygenation (Moxy® device), and submaximal exercise capacity (six-minute walk test (6-MWT)) were tested on the first day, maximal exercise capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)) was tested on the second day. Physical activity level was evaluated using an activity monitor worn for five consecutive days. Cardiopulmonary responses and muscle oxygenation were compared during 6-MWT and CPET. RESULTS Patients' minimum and recovery muscle oxygen saturation were significantly decreased; maximum total hemoglobin increased, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing frequency, dyspnea, fatigue, and leg fatigue at the end-of-test and recovery increased in CPET compared to 6-MWT (p < .050). Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was 18.15 ± 4.75 ml/min/kg, VO2peak; percent predicted < 80% was measured in 51.28% patients. Six-MWT distance and QF muscle strength were less than 80% predicted in 58.9% and 76.9% patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome with pulmonary involvement, muscle deoxygenation of QF is greater during maximal exercise than during submaximal exercise. Specifically, patients with lung impairment should be evaluated for deoxygenation and should be taken into consideration during pulmonary rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Kavalcı Kol
- Pilot Health Coordinatorship, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Türkiye
| | - Meral Boşnak Güçlü
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Gazi University, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ece Baytok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Gazi University, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Nilgün Yılmaz Demirci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Türkiye
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12
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Bustos IG, Wiscovitch-Russo R, Singh H, Sievers BL, Matsuoka M, Freire M, Tan GS, Cala MP, Guerrero JL, Martin-Loeches I, Gonzalez-Juarbe N, Reyes LF. Major alteration of Lung Microbiome and the Host Reaction in critically ill COVID-19 Patients with high viral load. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3952944. [PMID: 38496464 PMCID: PMC10942552 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3952944/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients with COVID-19 under invasive mechanical ventilation are at higher risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), associated with increased healthcare costs, and unfavorable prognosis. The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been thoroughly dissected. Therefore, this study attempted to bridge this gap by performing a lung microbiota analysis and evaluating the host immune responses that could drive the development of VAP. Materials and methods In this prospective cohort study, mechanically ventilated patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Nasal swabs (NS), endotracheal aspirates (ETA), and blood samples were collected initially within 12 hours of intubation and again at 72 hours post-intubation. Plasma samples underwent cytokine and metabolomic analyses, while NS and ETA samples were sequenced for lung microbiome examination. The cohort was categorized based on the development of VAP. Data analysis was conducted using RStudio version 4.3.1. Results In a study of 36 COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation, significant differences were found in the nasal and pulmonary microbiome, notably in Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae, linked to VAP. Patients with VAP showed a higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load, elevated neutralizing antibodies, and reduced inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-δ, IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL4. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in 22 metabolites in non-VAP patients and 27 in VAP patients, highlighting D-Maltose-Lactose, Histidinyl-Glycine, and various phosphatidylcholines, indicating a metabolic predisposition to VAP. Conclusions This study reveals a critical link between respiratory microbiome alterations and ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19 patients, with elevated SARS-CoV-2 levels and metabolic changes, providing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of VAP with potential management and prevention implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mónica P Cala
- MetCore- Metabolomics Core Facility, Universidad de Los Andes
| | - Jose L Guerrero
- MetCore- Metabolomics Core Facility, Universidad de Los Andes
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13
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Xu Z, Wang H, Jiang S, Teng J, Zhou D, Chen Z, Wen C, Xu Z. Brain Pathology in COVID-19: Clinical Manifestations and Potential Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:383-400. [PMID: 37715924 PMCID: PMC10912108 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are less noticeable than the respiratory symptoms, but they may be associated with disability and mortality in COVID-19. Even though Omicron caused less severe disease than Delta, the incidence of neurological manifestations is similar. More than 30% of patients experienced "brain fog", delirium, stroke, and cognitive impairment, and over half of these patients presented abnormal neuroimaging outcomes. In this review, we summarize current advances in the clinical findings of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients and compare them with those in patients with influenza infection. We also illustrate the structure and cellular invasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and describe the pathway for central SARS-CoV-2 invasion. In addition, we discuss direct damage and other pathological conditions caused by SARS-CoV-2, such as an aberrant interferon response, cytokine storm, lymphopenia, and hypercoagulation, to provide treatment ideas. This review may offer new insights into preventing or treating brain damage in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Xu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Siya Jiang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiao Teng
- Affiliated Lin'an People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Dongxu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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14
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Lempesis IG, Georgakopoulou VE, Reiter RJ, Spandidos DA. A mid‑pandemic night's dream: Melatonin, from harbinger of anti‑inflammation to mitochondrial savior in acute and long COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:28. [PMID: 38299237 PMCID: PMC10852014 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19), a systemic illness caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), has triggered a worldwide pandemic with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to chronic, affecting practically every organ. Melatonin, an ancient antioxidant found in all living organisms, has been suggested as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection due to its good safety characteristics and broad‑spectrum antiviral medication properties. Melatonin is essential in various metabolic pathways and governs physiological processes, such as the sleep‑wake cycle and circadian rhythms. It exhibits oncostatic, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and anti‑aging properties, exhibiting promise for use in the treatment of numerous disorders, including COVID‑19. The preventive and therapeutic effects of melatonin have been widely explored in a number of conditions and have been well‑established in experimental ischemia/reperfusion investigations, particularly in coronary heart disease and stroke. Clinical research evaluating the use of melatonin in COVID‑19 has shown various improved outcomes, including reduced hospitalization durations; however, the trials are small. Melatonin can alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in COVID‑19, improve immune cell function and provide antioxidant properties. However, its therapeutic potential remains underexplored due to funding limitations and thus further investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Lempesis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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15
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Bľandová G, Janoštiaková N, Kodada D, Pastorek M, Lipták R, Hodosy J, Šebeková K, Celec P, Krasňanská G, Eliaš V, Wachsmannová L, Konečný M, Repiská V, Baldovič M. Mitochondrial DNA variability and Covid-19 in the Slovak population. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101827. [PMID: 38135240 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that mitochondria are involved in the pathogenesis of Covid-19. Mitochondria play a role in production of reactive oxygen species and induction of an innate immune response, both important during infections. Common variability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can affect oxidative phosphorylation and the risk or lethality of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and sepsis. However, it is unclear whether susceptibility of severe Covid-19 might be affected by mtDNA variation. Thus, we have analyzed mtDNA in a sample of 446 Slovak patients hospitalized due to Covid-19 and a control population group consisting of 1874 individuals. MtDNA variants in the HVRI region have been analyzed and classified into haplogroups at various phylogenetic levels. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the risk of Covid-19. Haplogroups T1, H11, K and variants 16256C > T, 16265A > C, 16293A > G, 16311 T > C and 16399A > G were associated with an increased Covid-19 risk. On contrary, Haplogroup J1, haplogroup clusters H + U5b and T2b + U5b, and the mtDNA variant 16189 T > C were associated with decreased risk of Covid-19. Following the application of the Bonferroni correction, statistical significance was observed exclusively for the cluster of haplogroups H + U5b. Unsurprisingly, the most significant factor contributing to the mortality of patients with Covid-19 is the age of patients. Our findings suggest that mtDNA haplogroups can play a role in Covid-19 pathogenesis, thus potentially useful in identifying susceptibility to its severe form. To confirm these associations, further studies taking into account the nuclear genome or other non-biological influences are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bľandová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Nikola Janoštiaková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominik Kodada
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Pastorek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Lipták
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Július Hodosy
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Krasňanská
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, GHC GENETICS SK, Science Park Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Eliaš
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, GHC GENETICS SK, Science Park Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Wachsmannová
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, GHC GENETICS SK, Science Park Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Konečný
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, GHC GENETICS SK, Science Park Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Repiská
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Baldovič
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, GHC GENETICS SK, Science Park Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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16
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Barreiro-Sisto U, Fernández-Fariña S, González-Noya AM, Pedrido R, Maneiro M. Enemies or Allies? Hormetic and Apparent Non-Dose-Dependent Effects of Natural Bioactive Antioxidants in the Treatment of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1892. [PMID: 38339170 PMCID: PMC10855620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to analyze the emerging number of studies on biological media that describe the unexpected effects of different natural bioactive antioxidants. Hormetic effects, with a biphasic response depending on the dose, or activities that are apparently non-dose-dependent, have been described for compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, ferulic acid or linoleic acid, among others. The analysis of the reported studies confirms the incidence of these types of effects, which should be taken into account by researchers, discarding initial interpretations of imprecise methodologies or measurements. The incidence of these types of effects should enhance research into the different mechanisms of action, particularly those studied in the field of basic research, that will help us understand the causes of these unusual behaviors, depending on the dose, such as the inactivation of the signaling pathways of the immune defense system. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in biological media should be addressed in ways that go beyond a mere statistical approach. In this work, some of the research pathways that may explain the understanding of these activities are revised, paying special attention to the ability of the selected bioactive compounds (curcumin, resveratrol, ferulic acid and linoleic acid) to form metal complexes and the activity of these complexes in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Barreiro-Sisto
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.B.-S.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Sandra Fernández-Fariña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.B.-S.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Ana M. González-Noya
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Rosa Pedrido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Marcelino Maneiro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.B.-S.); (S.F.-F.)
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Bi J, Zhang C, Lu C, Mo C, Zeng J, Yao M, Jia B, Liu Z, Yuan P, Xu S. Age-related bone diseases: Role of inflammaging. J Autoimmun 2024; 143:103169. [PMID: 38340675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone aging is characterized by an imbalance in the physiological and pathological processes of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis, resulting in exacerbated bone loss and the development of age-related bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Inflammaging, a novel concept in the field of aging research, pertains to the persistent and gradual escalation of pro-inflammatory reactions during the aging process. This phenomenon is distinguished by its low intensity, systemic nature, absence of symptoms, and potential for management. The mechanisms by which inflammaging contribute to age-related chronic diseases, particularly in the context of age-related bone diseases, remain unclear. The precise manner in which systemic inflammation induces bone aging and consequently contributes to the development of age-related bone diseases has yet to be fully elucidated. This article primarily examines the mechanisms underlying inflammaging and its association with age-related bone diseases, to elucidate the potential mechanisms of inflammaging in age-related bone diseases and offer insights for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caimei Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caihong Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyan Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Contributing roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis in liver diseases through oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, inflammation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:34. [PMID: 38214802 PMCID: PMC10786752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an update on recent findings from basic, translational, and clinical studies on the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of hepatocytes in multiple liver diseases, including but not limited to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). While the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) is mainly responsible for oxidizing binge alcohol via the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, it is also responsible for metabolizing many xenobiotics, including pollutants, chemicals, drugs, and specific diets abundant in n-6 fatty acids, into toxic metabolites in many organs, including the liver, causing pathological insults through organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula. Oxidative imbalances (oxidative stress) in mitochondria promote the covalent modifications of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids through enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Excessive changes stimulate various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mitochondrial proteins, transcription factors, and histones. Increased PTMs of mitochondrial proteins inactivate many enzymes involved in the reduction of oxidative species, fatty acid metabolism, and mitophagy pathways, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, energy depletion, and apoptosis. Unique from other organelles, mitochondria control many signaling cascades involved in bioenergetics (fat metabolism), inflammation, and apoptosis/necrosis of hepatocytes. When mitochondrial homeostasis is shifted, these pathways become altered or shut down, likely contributing to the death of hepatocytes with activation of inflammation and hepatic stellate cells, causing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review will encapsulate how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to hepatocyte apoptosis in several types of liver diseases in order to provide recommendations for targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Gavilán E, Medina-Guzman R, Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik B, Ruano D. Protein Quality Control Systems and ER Stress as Key Players in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Neurodegeneration. Cells 2024; 13:123. [PMID: 38247815 PMCID: PMC10814689 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the forefront the intricate relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on neurological complications, including potential links to neurodegenerative processes, characterized by a dysfunction of the protein quality control systems and ER stress. This review article explores the role of protein quality control systems, such as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation (ERAD), the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), autophagy and the molecular chaperones, in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our hypothesis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 produces ER stress and exploits the protein quality control systems, leading to a disruption in proteostasis that cannot be solved by the host cell. This disruption culminates in cell death and may represent a link between SARS-CoV-2 and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gavilán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla (US), 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (B.B.-K.); (D.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, University of Seville (US), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Medina-Guzman
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla (US), 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (B.B.-K.); (D.R.)
| | - Bazhena Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla (US), 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (B.B.-K.); (D.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, University of Seville (US), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Diego Ruano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla (US), 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (B.B.-K.); (D.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, University of Seville (US), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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20
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Chu Y, Li M, Sun M, Wang J, Xin W, Xu L. Gene crosstalk between COVID-19 and preeclampsia revealed by blood transcriptome analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1243450. [PMID: 38259479 PMCID: PMC10800816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The extensive spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a rapid increase in global mortality. Preeclampsia is a commonly observed pregnancy ailment characterized by high maternal morbidity and mortality rates, in addition to the restriction of fetal growth within the uterine environment. Pregnant individuals afflicted with vascular disorders, including preeclampsia, exhibit an increased susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection via mechanisms that have not been fully delineated. Additionally, the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying preeclampsia and COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to discern commonalities in gene expression, regulators, and pathways shared between COVID-19 and preeclampsia. The objective was to uncover potential insights that could contribute to novel treatment strategies for both COVID-19 and preeclampsia. Method Transcriptomic datasets for COVID-19 peripheral blood (GSE152418) and preeclampsia blood (GSE48424) were initially sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequent to that, we conducted a subanalysis by selecting females from the GSE152418 dataset and employed the "Deseq2" package to identify genes that exhibited differential expression. Simultaneously, the "limma" package was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the preeclampsia dataset (GSE48424). Following that, an intersection analysis was conducted to identify the common DEGs obtained from both the COVID-19 and preeclampsia datasets. The identified shared DEGs were subsequently utilized for functional enrichment analysis, transcription factor (TF) and microRNAs (miRNA) prediction, pathway analysis, and identification of potential candidate drugs. Finally, to validate the bioinformatics findings, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from healthy individuals, COVID-19 patients, and Preeclampsia patients. The abundance of the top 10 Hub genes in both diseases was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Result A total of 355 overlapping DEGs were identified in both preeclampsia and COVID-19 datasets. Subsequent ontological analysis, encompassing Gene Ontology (GO) functional assessment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, revealed a significant association between the two conditions. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were constructed using the STRING database. Additionally, the top 10 hub genes (MRPL11, MRPS12, UQCRH, ATP5I, UQCRQ, ATP5D, COX6B1, ATP5O, ATP5H, NDUFA6) were selected based on their ranking scores using the degree algorithm, which considered the shared DEGs. Moreover, transcription factor-gene interactions, protein-drug interactions, co-regulatory networks of DEGs and miRNAs, and protein-drug interactions involving the shared DEGs were also identified in the datasets. Finally, RT-PCR results confirmed that 10 hub genes do exhibit distinct expression profiles in the two diseases. Conclusion This study successfully identified overlapping DEGs, functional pathways, and regulatory elements between COVID-19 and preeclampsia. The findings provide valuable insights into the shared molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for both diseases. The validation through RT-qPCR further supports the distinct expression profiles of the identified hub genes in COVID-19 and preeclampsia, emphasizing their potential roles as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Matías-Pérez D, Antonio-Estrada C, Guerra-Martínez A, García-Melo KS, Hernández-Bautista E, García-Montalvo IA. Relationship of quercetin intake and oxidative stress in persistent COVID. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1278039. [PMID: 38260057 PMCID: PMC10800910 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matías-Pérez
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Carolina Antonio-Estrada
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Araceli Guerra-Martínez
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Karen Seydel García-Melo
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Emilio Hernández-Bautista
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Iván Antonio García-Montalvo
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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22
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Khan KM, Zimpfer MJ, Sultana R, Parvez TM, Navas-Acien A, Parvez F. Role of Metals on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Review of Recent Epidemiological Studies. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:353-368. [PMID: 37665544 PMCID: PMC11149155 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metals and metalloids are known for their nutritional as well as toxic effects in humans. In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, understanding the role of metals on COVID-19 infection is becoming important due to their role in infectious diseases. During the past 2 years, a significant number of studies have examined the impact of metals and metalloids on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed manuscripts on the association of metals and metalloids with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity published since the onset of the pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS We searched for epidemiological studies available through the PubMed database published from January 2020 to December 2022. Of 92 studies identified, 20 met our inclusion criteria. These articles investigated the association of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), and/or lead (Pb) levels on SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 severity. Of the ten metals and metalloids of interest that reported either positive, negative, or no associations, Zn yielded the highest number of articles (n = 13), followed by epidemiological studies on Se (n = 7) and Fe (n = 5). Elevated serum Zn and Se were associated with reduced COVID-19 severity and mortality. Similarly, higher levels of serum Fe were associated with lower levels of cellular damage and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and with faster recovery from COVID-19. On the other hand, higher serum and urinary Cu and serum Mg levels were associated with higher COVID-19 severity and mortality. Along with the positive or negative effects, some studies reported no impact of metals on SARS-CoV-2 infection. This systematic review suggests that metals, particularly Zn, Fe, and Se, may help reduce the severity of COVID-19, while Cu and Mg may aggravate it. Our review suggests that future pandemic mitigation strategies may evaluate the role of Zn, Se, and Fe as potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Khan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA
| | - Mariah J Zimpfer
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA
| | - Rasheda Sultana
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA
| | - Tahmid M Parvez
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W, 168Th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W, 168Th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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23
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Zhu J, Li X, Lv F, Zhou W. Bioinformatics Approach to Identify the Influences of COVID-19 on Ischemic Stroke. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2222-2241. [PMID: 37184686 PMCID: PMC10184096 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is becoming more infectious and less virulent, symptoms beyond the lungs of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are a growing concern. Studies have found that the severity of COVID-19 patients is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS); however, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, bioinformatics approaches were utilized to explore potential pathogenic mechanisms and predict potential drugs that may be useful in the treatment of COVID-19 and IS. The GSE152418 and GSE122709 datasets were downloaded from the GEO website to obtain the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two datasets for further functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and drug candidate prediction. A total of 80 common DEGs were identified in COVID-19 and IS datasets for GO and KEGG analysis. Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and hub genes were identified. Further, transcription factor-gene interactions and DEGs-miRNAs coregulatory network were investigated to explore their regulatory roles in disease. Finally, protein-drug interactions with common DEGs were analyzed to predict potential drugs. We successfully identified the top 10 hub genes that could serve as novel targeted therapies for COVID-19 and screened out some potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiangui Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fanzhen Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road 1, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Mahmoodpoor A, Mohammadzadeh M, Asghari R, Tagizadeh M, Iranpour A, Rezayi M, Pahnvar AJ, Emamalizadeh B, Sohrabifar N, Kazeminasab S. Prognostic potential of circulating cell free mitochondrial DNA levels in COVID-19 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10249-10255. [PMID: 37934373 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In viral infections, mitochondria act as one of the main hubs of the pathogenesis. Recent findings present new insights into the potential role of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) in COVID-19 pathogenesis by the induction of immune response and aggressive cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS AND RESULTS The levels of ccf-mtDNA were investigated in 102 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using the quantitative PCR (q-PCR) method. Statistical analysis confirmed a strong association between the levels of ccf-mtDNA and and mortality, ICU admission, and intubation. Also, our findings highlighted the pivotal role of comorbidities as a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality and severity. CONCLUSION Higher levels of ccf-mtDNA can serve as a potential early indicator for progress and poor prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rogayyeh Asghari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Tagizadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Rezayi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aynour Jalali Pahnvar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Emamalizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Sohrabifar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Sadr Laboratories Group, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Tabriz, Iran.
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Jiang S, Yang H, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li J. The basis of complications in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Pathological activation of ADAM17. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 679:37-46. [PMID: 37666046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 decreases with increasing infectivity, the primary approaches for antiviral treatments will be preventing or minimizing the complications resulting from virus infection. ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) activation by SARS-CoV-2 infection has a dual effect on the development of the disease: increased release of inflammatory cytokines and dysregulation of Angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) on cell surfaces, inflammatory cytokine infiltration and loss of ACE2 protective function lead to a significant increase in the incidence of related complications. Importantly, pathologically activated ADAM17 showed superior features than S protein in regulating ACE2 expression and participating in the intra cellular replication of SARS-CoV-2. In short, SARS-CoV-2 elicits only a limited immune response when it promotes its own replication and pathogenicity through ADAM17. Therefore, the pathological activation of ADAM17 may also represent a diminished innate antiviral defense and an altered strategy of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we summarized recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of ADAM17, with a focus on the new findings that SARS-CoV-2 affects ADAM17 expression through Furin protein converting enzyme and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and raises the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 may mediates the pathological activation of ADAM17 by hijacking the actin regulatory pathway, and discussed the underlying biological principles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Yang
- Zunyi Medical University Guizhou, China
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Zunyi Medical University Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Zunyi Medical University Guizhou, China
| | - Jida Li
- Zunyi Medical University Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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26
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Gałgańska H, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Gałgański Ł. Carbon dioxide and MAPK signalling: towards therapy for inflammation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:280. [PMID: 37817178 PMCID: PMC10566067 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, although necessary to fight infections, becomes a threat when it exceeds the capability of the immune system to control it. In addition, inflammation is a cause and/or symptom of many different disorders, including metabolic, neurodegenerative, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Comorbidities and advanced age are typical predictors of more severe cases of seasonal viral infection, with COVID-19 a clear example. The primary importance of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the course of COVID-19 is evident in the mechanisms by which cells are infected with SARS-CoV-2; the cytokine storm that profoundly worsens a patient's condition; the pathogenesis of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, that contribute to a worsened prognosis; and post-COVID-19 complications, such as brain fog and thrombosis. An increasing number of reports have revealed that MAPKs are regulated by carbon dioxide (CO2); hence, we reviewed the literature to identify associations between CO2 and MAPKs and possible therapeutic benefits resulting from the elevation of CO2 levels. CO2 regulates key processes leading to and resulting from inflammation, and the therapeutic effects of CO2 (or bicarbonate, HCO3-) have been documented in all of the abovementioned comorbidities and complications of COVID-19 in which MAPKs play roles. The overlapping MAPK and CO2 signalling pathways in the contexts of allergy, apoptosis and cell survival, pulmonary oedema (alveolar fluid resorption), and mechanical ventilation-induced responses in lungs and related to mitochondria are also discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gałgańska
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gałgański
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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27
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Hekmat H, Rasooli A, Siami Z, Rutajengwa KA, Vahabi Z, Mirzadeh FA. A Review of Antibiotic Efficacy in COVID-19 Control. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:6687437. [PMID: 37854054 PMCID: PMC10581857 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6687437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory disease is associated with chronic secondary infections that exacerbate symptoms and mortality. So far, many drugs have been introduced to treat this disease, none of which effectively control the coronavirus. Numerous studies have shown that mitochondria, as the center of cell biogenesis, are vulnerable to drugs, especially antibiotics. Antibiotics were widely prescribed during the early phase of the pandemic. We performed a literature review to assess the reasons, evidence, and practices on the use of antibiotics in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in- and outpatients. The current research found widespread usage of antibiotics, mostly in an empirical context, among COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The effectiveness of this approach has not been established. Given the high death rate linked with secondary infections in COVID-19 patients and the developing antimicrobial resistance, further study is urgently needed to identify the most appropriate rationale for antibiotic therapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Hekmat
- Cardiology Department, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Rasooli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Siami
- Department of Infectious Disease, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kauthar Amir Rutajengwa
- Medical School Department, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Geriatric Department, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Division, Psychiatry Department, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Georgieva E, Ananiev J, Yovchev Y, Arabadzhiev G, Abrashev H, Abrasheva D, Atanasov V, Kostandieva R, Mitev M, Petkova-Parlapanska K, Karamalakova Y, Koleva-Korkelia I, Tsoneva V, Nikolova G. COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14876. [PMID: 37834324 PMCID: PMC10573237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms and has led to profound changes in our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism and arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, and more. The disease has caused a worldwide pandemic, and despite various measures such as social distancing, various preventive strategies, and therapeutic approaches, and the creation of vaccines, the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for the scientific community. Oxidative stress has been suggested to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and determining free radical levels in patients with coronavirus infection may provide an insight into disease severity. The generation of abnormal levels of oxidants under a COVID-19-induced cytokine storm causes the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of macromolecules and subsequent damage to cells, tissues, and organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative stress initiates endothelial damage, which increases the risk of complications in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes the role of oxidative stress and free radicals in the mediation of COVID-19-induced mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Georgieva
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Julian Ananiev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Yovcho Yovchev
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Y.Y.); (G.A.)
| | - Georgi Arabadzhiev
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Y.Y.); (G.A.)
| | - Hristo Abrashev
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Despina Abrasheva
- II Department of Internal Medicine Therapy: Cardiology, Rheumatology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Vasil Atanasov
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 G. Sofiiski, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Rositsa Kostandieva
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 G. Sofiiski, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Mitko Mitev
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yanka Karamalakova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Iliana Koleva-Korkelia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, University Hospital “Prof. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Vanya Tsoneva
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Galina Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (Y.K.)
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Knebusch N, Mansour M, Vazquez S, Coss-Bu JA. Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake in Children with Lung Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4142. [PMID: 37836425 PMCID: PMC10574027 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to summarize the literature findings regarding the role of micronutrients in children with lung disease. The nutritional and respiratory statuses of critically ill children are interrelated, and malnutrition is commonly associated with respiratory failure. The most recent nutrition support guidelines for critically ill children have recommended an adequate macronutrient intake in the first week of admission due to its association with good outcomes. In children with lung disease, it is important not to exceed the proportion of carbohydrates in the diet to avoid increased carbon dioxide production and increased work of breathing, which potentially could delay the weaning of the ventilator. Indirect calorimetry can guide the process of estimating adequate caloric intake and adjusting the proportion of carbohydrates in the diet based on the results of the respiratory quotient. Micronutrients, including vitamins, trace elements, and others, have been shown to play a role in the structure and function of the immune system, antioxidant properties, and the production of antimicrobial proteins supporting the defense mechanisms against infections. Sufficient levels of micronutrients and adequate supplementation have been associated with better outcomes in children with lung diseases, including pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, asthma, bronchiolitis, and acute respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Knebusch
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marwa Mansour
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie Vazquez
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jorge A. Coss-Bu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hovhannisyan G, Harutyunyan T, Aroutiounian R, Liehr T. The Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potential of Cell-Free DNA with a Special Focus on COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14163. [PMID: 37762464 PMCID: PMC10532175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in human blood serum, urine, and other body fluids recently became a commonly used diagnostic marker associated with various pathologies. This is because cfDNA enables a much higher sensitivity than standard biochemical parameters. The presence of and/or increased level of cfDNA has been reported for various diseases, including viral infections, including COVID-19. Here, we review cfDNA in general, how it has been identified, where it can derive from, its molecular features, and mechanisms of release and clearance. General suitability of cfDNA for diagnostic questions, possible shortcomings and future directions are discussed, with a special focus on coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Hovhannisyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (G.H.); (T.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Tigran Harutyunyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (G.H.); (T.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (G.H.); (T.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Thakur A, Sharma V, Averbek S, Liang L, Pandya N, Kumar G, Cili A, Zhang K. Immune landscape and redox imbalance during neurological disorders in COVID-19. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:593. [PMID: 37673862 PMCID: PMC10482955 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has prompted the scientific community to explore potential treatments or vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes the illness. While SARS-CoV-2 is mostly considered a respiratory pathogen, several neurological complications have been reported, raising questions about how it may enter the Central Nervous System (CNS). Receptors such as ACE2, CD147, TMPRSS2, and NRP1 have been identified in brain cells and may be involved in facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry into the CNS. Moreover, proteins like P2X7 and Panx-1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Additionally, the role of the immune system in the gravity of COVID-19 has been investigated with respect to both innate and adaptive immune responses caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can lead to a cytokine storm, tissue damage, and neurological manifestations. A redox imbalance has also been linked to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, potentially causing mitochondrial dysfunction, and generating proinflammatory cytokines. This review summarizes different mechanisms of reactive oxygen species and neuro-inflammation that may contribute to the development of severe COVID-19, and recent progress in the study of immunological events and redox imbalance in neurological complications of COVID-19, and the role of bioinformatics in the study of neurological implications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Thakur
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation-CAS Limited, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
| | - Vartika Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sera Averbek
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lifan Liang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nirali Pandya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Clinical Research, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alma Cili
- Clinic of Hematology, University of Medicine, University Hospital center "Mother Teresa", Tirane, Albania
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Cancer Centre, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang R, Chen X, Li X, Wang K. Molecular therapy of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury based on mitochondria and ferroptosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1059-1071. [PMID: 37505243 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Excessive death of myocardial cells can lead to various cardiovascular diseases and even develop into heart failure, so developing ideal treatment plans based on pathogenesis is of great significance for cardiopathy. After the heart undergoes ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R), myocardial cells accumulate a large amount of peroxides, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and inducing ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulatory cell death (RCD) caused by imbalanced redox and iron metabolism that leads to severe cell damage through the accumulation of peroxides. The mechanism of ferroptosis is highly correlated with mitochondrial metabolism. Myocardial cells are rich in a large number of mitochondria, which serve as energy supply centers and are prone to producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), providing opportunities for oxidative stress caused by ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is related to various cardiovascular diseases, and potential treatment methods designed around ferroptosis may alter the pathological progression of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review investigates the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, exploring the close pathological and physiological connections between ferroptosis and mitochondrial and cardiac I/R injury. Targeting ferroptosis and mitochondria for intervention may be an effective plan for preventing and treating cardiac I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technologyof , National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technologyof , National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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Ma Y, Jiang Q, Yang B, Hu X, Shen G, Shen W, Xu J. Platelet mitochondria, a potent immune mediator in neurological diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210509. [PMID: 37719457 PMCID: PMC10502307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the immune response is regarded as a prominent feature of neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, malignant tumors, acute neurotraumatic insult, and cerebral ischemic/hemorrhagic diseases. Platelets play a fundamental role in normal hemostasis and thrombosis. Beyond those normal functions, platelets are hyperactivated and contribute crucially to inflammation and immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Mitochondria are pivotal organelles in platelets and are responsible for generating most of the ATP that is used for platelet activation and aggregation (clumping). Notably, platelet mitochondria show marked morphological and functional alterations under heightened inflammatory/oxidative stimulation. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only leads to platelet damage and apoptosis but also further aggravates immune responses. Improving mitochondrial function is hopefully an effective strategy for treating neurological diseases. In this review, the authors discuss the immunomodulatory roles of platelet-derived mitochondria (PLT-mitos) in neurological diseases and summarize the neuroprotective effects of platelet mitochondria transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Transfusion Research Department, Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion of Hubei Province, Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Transfusion Research Department, Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion of Hubei Province, Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingxin Yang
- Wuhan Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Transfusion Research Department, Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion of Hubei Province, Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Shen
- Transfusion Research Department, Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion of Hubei Province, Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Wuhan Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Schwartz L, Aparicio-Alonso M, Henry M, Radman M, Attal R, Bakkar A. Toxicity of the spike protein of COVID-19 is a redox shift phenomenon: A novel therapeutic approach. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:106-110. [PMID: 37392949 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that most diseases display a form of anabolism due to mitochondrial impairment: in cancer, a daughter cell is formed; in Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques; in inflammation cytokines and lymphokines. The infection by Covid-19 follows a similar pattern. Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction. This unrelenting anabolism leads to the cytokine storm, chronic fatigue, chronic inflammation or neurodegenerative diseases. Drugs such as Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism. Similarly, coMeBining Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Henry
- Institut Lebel, Faculté de chimie, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Miroslav Radman
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Romain Attal
- Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, 30 avenue Corentin-Cariou, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Ashraf Bakkar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
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Vishwakarma N, Goud RB, Tirupattur MP, Katwa LC. The Eye of the Storm: Investigating the Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19 and Variants. Cells 2023; 12:2154. [PMID: 37681886 PMCID: PMC10486388 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 had stormed through the world in early March of 2019, and on 5 May 2023, SARS-CoV-2 was officially declared to no longer be a global health emergency. The rise of new COVID-19 variants XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16, a product of recombinant variants and sub-strains, has fueled a need for continued surveillance of the pandemic as they have been deemed increasingly infectious. Regardless of the severity of the variant, this has caused an increase in hospitalizations, a strain in resources, and a rise of concern for public health. In addition, there is a growing population of patients experiencing cardiovascular complications as a result of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. This review aims to focus on what was known about SARS-CoV-2 and its past variants (Alpha, Delta, Omicron) and how the knowledge has grown today with new emerging variants, with an emphasis on cardiovascular complexities. We focus on the possible mechanisms that cause the observations of chronic cardiac conditions seen even after patients have recovered from the infection. Further understanding of these mechanisms will help to close the gap in knowledge on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and the differences between the effects of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laxmansa C. Katwa
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (N.V.); (R.B.G.); (M.P.T.)
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Vollrath S, Matits L, Schellenberg J, Kirsten J, Steinacker JM, Bizjak DA. Decreased physical performance despite objective and subjective maximal exhaustion in post-COVID-19 individuals with fatigue. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:298. [PMID: 37633931 PMCID: PMC10464445 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatigue is a common symptom in post-COVID-19 patients. Individuals with fatigue often perform less well compared to healthy peers or without fatigue. It is not yet clear to what extent fatigue is related to the inability to reach maximum exhaustion during physical exercise. METHODS A symptom-based questionnaire based on the Carruthers guidelines (2003) was used for reporting the presence of fatigue and further symptoms related to COVID-19 from 85 participants (60.0% male, 33.5 ± 11.9 years). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and lactate measurement at the end of the test were conducted. Objective and subjective exhaustion criteria according to Wasserman of physically active individuals with fatigue (FS) were compared to those without fatigue (NFS). RESULTS Differences between FS and NFS were found in Peak V̇O2/BM (p < 0.001) and Max Power/BM (p < 0.001). FS were more likely to suffer from further persistent symptoms (p < 0.05). The exhaustion criterion Max. lactate was reached significantly more often by NFS individuals. CONCLUSION Although the aerobic performance (Max Power/BM) and the metabolic rate (Peak V̇O2/BM and Max. lactate) of FS were lower compared to NFS, they were equally able to reach objective exhaustion criteria. The decreased number of FS who reached the lactate criteria and the decreased V̇O2 peak indicates a change in metabolism. Other persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms besides fatigue may also impair performance, trainability and the ability to reach objective exhaustion. Trial registration Trial registration: DRKS00023717; date of registration: 15.06.2021 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Vollrath
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lynn Matits
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Schellenberg
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Kirsten
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel A Bizjak
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Moatar AI, Chis AR, Romanescu M, Ciordas PD, Nitusca D, Marian C, Oancea C, Sirbu IO. Plasma miR-195-5p predicts the severity of Covid-19 in hospitalized patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13806. [PMID: 37612439 PMCID: PMC10447562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the clinical course of Covid-19 is a challenging task, given the multi-systemic character of the disease and the paucity of minimally invasive biomarkers of disease severity. Here, we evaluated the early (first two days post-admission) level of circulating hsa-miR-195-5p (miR-195, a known responder to viral infections and SARS-CoV-2 interactor) in Covid-19 patients and assessed its potential as a biomarker of disease severity. We show that plasma miR-195 correlates with several clinical and paraclinical parameters, and is an excellent discriminator between the severe and mild forms of the disease. Our Gene Ontology analysis of miR-195 targets differentially expressed in Covid-19 indicates a strong impact on cardiac mitochondria homeostasis, suggesting a possible role in long Covid and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ioana Moatar
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aimee Rodica Chis
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirabela Romanescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paula-Diana Ciordas
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Nitusca
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Oancea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Pulmonology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E. Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan-Ovidiu Sirbu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E Murgu Square no.2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
- Timisoara Institute of Complex Systems, 18 Vasile Lucaciu Str, 300044, Timisoara, Romania.
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Li D, Zhao B, Zhuang P, Mei X. Development of nanozymes for promising alleviation of COVID-19-associated arthritis. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5781-5796. [PMID: 37475700 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as a culprit in the development of a variety of disorders, including arthritis. Although the emergence of arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection may not be immediately discernible, its underlying pathogenesis is likely to involve a complex interplay of infections, oxidative stress, immune responses, abnormal production of inflammatory factors, cellular destruction, etc. Fortunately, recent advancements in nanozymes with enzyme-like activities have shown potent antiviral effects and the ability to inhibit oxidative stress and cytokines and provide immunotherapeutic effects while also safeguarding diverse cell populations. These adaptable nanozymes have already exhibited efficacy in treating common types of arthritis, and their distinctive synergistic therapeutic effects offer great potential in the fight against arthritis associated with COVID-19. In this comprehensive review, we explore the potential of nanozymes in alleviating arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection by neutralizing the underlying factors associated with the disease. We also provide a detailed analysis of the common therapeutic pathways employed by these nanozymes and offer insights into how they can be further optimized to effectively address COVID-19-associated arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Xifan Mei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
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Guarnieri JW, Dybas JM, Fazelinia H, Kim MS, Frere J, Zhang Y, Soto Albrecht Y, Murdock DG, Angelin A, Singh LN, Weiss SL, Best SM, Lott MT, Zhang S, Cope H, Zaksas V, Saravia-Butler A, Meydan C, Foox J, Mozsary C, Bram Y, Kidane Y, Priebe W, Emmett MR, Meller R, Demharter S, Stentoft-Hansen V, Salvatore M, Galeano D, Enguita FJ, Grabham P, Trovao NS, Singh U, Haltom J, Heise MT, Moorman NJ, Baxter VK, Madden EA, Taft-Benz SA, Anderson EJ, Sanders WA, Dickmander RJ, Baylin SB, Wurtele ES, Moraes-Vieira PM, Taylor D, Mason CE, Schisler JC, Schwartz RE, Beheshti A, Wallace DC. Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq1533. [PMID: 37556555 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral proteins bind to host mitochondrial proteins, likely inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and stimulating glycolysis. We analyzed mitochondrial gene expression in nasopharyngeal and autopsy tissues from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In nasopharyngeal samples with declining viral titers, the virus blocked the transcription of a subset of nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial OXPHOS genes, induced the expression of microRNA 2392, activated HIF-1α to induce glycolysis, and activated host immune defenses including the integrated stress response. In autopsy tissues from patients with COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 was no longer present, and mitochondrial gene transcription had recovered in the lungs. However, nDNA mitochondrial gene expression remained suppressed in autopsy tissue from the heart and, to a lesser extent, kidney, and liver, whereas mitochondrial DNA transcription was induced and host-immune defense pathways were activated. During early SARS-CoV-2 infection of hamsters with peak lung viral load, mitochondrial gene expression in the lung was minimally perturbed but was down-regulated in the cerebellum and up-regulated in the striatum even though no SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the brain. During the mid-phase SARS-CoV-2 infection of mice, mitochondrial gene expression was starting to recover in mouse lungs. These data suggest that when the viral titer first peaks, there is a systemic host response followed by viral suppression of mitochondrial gene transcription and induction of glycolysis leading to the deployment of antiviral immune defenses. Even when the virus was cleared and lung mitochondrial function had recovered, mitochondrial function in the heart, kidney, liver, and lymph nodes remained impaired, potentially leading to severe COVID-19 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Guarnieri
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Joseph M Dybas
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Man S Kim
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Justin Frere
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Yentli Soto Albrecht
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Deborah G Murdock
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Scott L Weiss
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Rocky Mountain Laboratory, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Marie T Lott
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shiping Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Henry Cope
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria Zaksas
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Clever Research Lab, Springfield, IL 62704, USA
| | - Amanda Saravia-Butler
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Logyx, LLC, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Yaron Bram
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yared Kidane
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark R Emmett
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Robert Meller
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | | | | | | | - Diego Galeano
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Central, Paraguay
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Grabham
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 19103, USA
| | - Nidia S Trovao
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Urminder Singh
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haltom
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Victoria K Baxter
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emily A Madden
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Wes A Sanders
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Stephen B Baylin
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Eve Syrkin Wurtele
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Deanne Taylor
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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40
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Torres G, Constantinou D, Gradidge P, Patel D, Patricios J. Exercise is the Most Important Medicine for COVID-19. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023; 22:284-289. [PMID: 37549214 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT COVID-19 infection and long COVID affect multiple organ systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, digestive, neuroendocrine, musculoskeletal systems, and sensory organs. Exerkines, released during exercise, have a potent crosstalk effect between multiple body systems. This review describes the evidence of how exerkines can mitigate the effects of COVID-19 in each organ system that the virus affects. The evidence presented in the review suggests that exercise should be considered a first-line strategy in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection and long COVID disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Torres
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Demitri Constantinou
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Philippe Gradidge
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Deepak Patel
- Division of Sports & Exercise Medicine, Department of Family Medicine & Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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41
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Zong S, Wu Y, Li W, You Q, Peng Q, Wang C, Wan P, Bai T, Ma Y, Sun B, Qiao J. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp8 induces mitophagy by damaging mitochondria. Virol Sin 2023; 38:520-530. [PMID: 37156297 PMCID: PMC10163945 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the interaction between viruses and host cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection can disrupt the autophagy process in target cells. However, the precise molecular mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we discovered that the Nsp8 of SARS-CoV-2 could cause an increasing accumulation of autophagosomes by preventing the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. From further investigation, we found that Nsp8 was present on mitochondria and can damage mitochondria to initiate mitophagy. The results of experiments with immunofluorescence revealed that Nsp8 induced incomplete mitophagy. Moreover, both domains of Nsp8 orchestrated their function during Nsp8-induced mitophagy, in which the N-terminal domain colocalized with mitochondria and the C-terminal domain induced auto/mitophagy. This novel finding expands our understanding of the function of Nsp8 in promoting mitochondrial damage and inducing incomplete mitophagy, which helps us to understand the etiology of COVID-19 as well as open up new pathways for creating SARS-CoV-2 treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zong
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Qiang You
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Chenghai Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Pin Wan
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Jialu Qiao
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
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42
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Macáková K, Pšenková P, Šupčíková N, Vlková B, Celec P, Záhumenský J. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination on Oxidative Status of Human Placenta: A Preliminary Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1403. [PMID: 37507942 PMCID: PMC10376152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications associated with inflammation, which could lead to oxidative stress in the placenta. Whether vaccination against COVID-19 has any effect is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy on oxidative stress in the placenta and on extracellular DNA (ecDNA) in umbilical cord plasma. Placenta samples from healthy uninfected and unvaccinated control patients who recovered from COVID-19 and women vaccinated against COVID-19 during pregnancy were collected. Biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity were assessed in the placenta homogenates. EcDNA and deoxyribonuclease activity were quantified in umbilical cord plasma using real-time PCR and the single radial enzyme diffusion method, respectively. Markers of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins as well as antioxidant capacity in the placenta did not differ between the study groups. No differences were observed in total, nuclear or mitochondrial ecDNA, or deoxyribonuclease activity in the umbilical cord plasma. Taking into account the limits of a small observational study, our results suggest that the infection with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination against COVID-19 do not induce any major disturbances in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant activity in the placenta. This is in line with the minor effects on fetal outcomes and ecDNA as a suggested marker of fetal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Macáková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Pšenková
- 2nd Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bratislava and Comenius University, 82606 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nadja Šupčíková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Záhumenský
- 2nd Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bratislava and Comenius University, 82606 Bratislava, Slovakia
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43
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Tian Y, Yu B, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Lv B, Gong S, Li J. Exploration of the potential common pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19 and silicosis by using bioinformatics and system biology. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:199. [PMID: 37278873 PMCID: PMC10241611 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational lung disease that is common worldwide. In recent years, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has provided daunting challenges to public healthcare systems globally. Although multiple studies have shown a close link between COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, the inter-relational mechanisms between COVID-19 and silicosis remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the shared molecular mechanisms and drug targets of COVID-19 and silicosis. Gene expression profiling identified four modules that were most closely associated with both diseases. Furthermore, we performed functional analysis and constructed a protein-protein interaction network. Seven hub genes (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 [BUB1], protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 [PRC1], kinesin family member C1 [KIFC1], ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 [RRM2], cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 [CDKN3], Cyclin B2 [CCNB2], and minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 [MCM6]) were involved in the interaction between COVID-19 and silicosis. We investigated how diverse microRNAs and transcription factors regulate these seven genes. Subsequently, the correlation between the hub genes and infiltrating immune cells was explored. Further in-depth analyses were performed based on single-cell transcriptomic data from COVID-19, and the expression of hub-shared genes was characterized and located in multiple cell clusters. Finally, molecular docking results reveal small molecular compounds that may improve COVID-19 and silicosis. The current study reveals the common pathogenesis of COVID-19 and silicosis, which may provide a novel reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Beibei Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Sanpeng Zhang
- Operating room, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi Province, 710004, Xi'an, China
| | - Boqiang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shouping Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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44
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Kalil-Filho R, Saretta R, Franci A, Baracioli LM, Galas FRBG, Gil JS, Ferino A, Giacovone C, Oliveira I, Souza J, Batista V, Scalabrini Neto A, Costa LDV, Ruiz AD, Ledo CB, Nascimento TCDC, Drager LF. Post-COVID-19 Cardiopulmonary Symptoms: Predictors and Imaging Features in Patients after Hospital Discharge. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220642. [PMID: 37255182 PMCID: PMC10263399 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the evidence about the impact of the post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) reports individual symptoms without correlations with related imaging. OBJECTIVES To evaluate cardiopulmonary symptoms, their predictors and related images in COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital. METHODS Consecutive patients who survived COVID-19 were contacted 90 days after discharge. The Clinic Outcome Team structured a questionnaire evaluating symptoms and clinical status (blinded for hospitalization data). A multivariate analysis was performed to address the course of COVID-19, comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress during hospitalization, and cardiac rehabilitation after discharge. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS A total of 480 discharged patients with COVID-19 (age: 59±14 years, 67.5% males) were included; 22.3% required mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of patients with PACS-related cardiopulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, tiredness/fatigue, cough, and chest discomfort) was 16.3%. Several parameters of chest computed tomography and echocardiogram were similar in patients with and without cardiopulmonary symptoms. The multivariate analysis showed that PACS-related cardiopulmonary-symptoms were independently related to female sex (OR 3.023; 95% CI 1.319-6.929), in-hospital deep venous thrombosis (OR 13.689; 95% CI 1.069-175.304), elevated troponin I (OR 1.355; 95% CI 1.048-1.751) and C-reactive protein during hospitalization (OR 1.060; 95% CI 1.023-1.097) and depression (OR 6.110; 95% CI 2.254-16.558). CONCLUSION PACS-related cardiopulmonary symptoms 90 days post-discharge are common and multifactorial. Beyond thrombotic and markers of inflammation/myocardial injury during hospitalization, female sex and depression were independently associated with cardiopulmonary-related PACS. These results highlighted the need for a multifaceted approach targeting susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Kalil-Filho
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Luciano M Baracioli
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciano F Drager
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
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45
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Casanova A, Wevers A, Navarro-Ledesma S, Pruimboom L. Mitochondria: It is all about energy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114231. [PMID: 37179826 PMCID: PMC10167337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaloha Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Anne Wevers
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
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Diekman CO, Thomas PJ, Wilson CG. COVID-19 and silent hypoxemia in a minimal closed-loop model of the respiratory rhythm generator. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.536507. [PMID: 37131753 PMCID: PMC10153159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.536507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silent hypoxemia, or 'happy hypoxia', is a puzzling phenomenon in which patients who have contracted COVID-19 exhibit very low oxygen saturation (SaO2 < 80%) but do not experience discomfort in breathing. The mechanism by which this blunted response to hypoxia occurs is unknown. We have previously shown that a computational model (Diekman et al., 2017, J. Neurophysiol) of the respiratory neural network can be used to test hypotheses focused on changes in chemosensory inputs to the central pattern generator (CPG). We hypothesize that altered chemosensory function at the level of the carotid bodies and/or the nucleus tractus solitarii are responsible for the blunted response to hypoxia. Here, we use our model to explore this hypothesis by altering the properties of the gain function representing oxygen sensing inputs to the CPG. We then vary other parameters in the model and show that oxygen carrying capacity is the most salient factor for producing silent hypoxemia. We call for clinicians to measure hematocrit as a clinical index of altered physiology in response to COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey O Diekman
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark NJ 07102
| | - Peter J Thomas
- Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics & Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, 11223 Campus St, Loma Linda CA 92350
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Akbari H, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. COVID-19 Induced Liver Injury from a New Perspective: Mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:103-110. [PMID: 37054906 PMCID: PMC10088285 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Liver damage is a common sequela of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), worsening the clinical outcomes. However, the underlying mechanism of COVID-induced liver injury (CiLI) is still not determined. Given the crucial role of mitochondria in hepatocyte metabolism and the emerging evidence denoting SARS-CoV-2 can damage human cell mitochondria, in this mini-review, we hypothesized that CiLI happens following hepatocytes' mitochondrial dysfunction. To this end, we evaluated the histologic, pathophysiologic, transcriptomic, and clinical features of CiLI from the mitochondria' eye view. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), the causative agent of COVID-19, can damage hepatocytes through direct cytopathic effects or indirectly after the profound inflammatory response. Upon entering the hepatocytes, the RNA and RNA transcripts of SARS-CoV-2 engages the mitochondria. This interaction can disrupt the mitochondrial electron transport chain. In other words, SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the hepatocytes' mitochondria to support its replication. In addition, this process can lead to an improper immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Besides, this review outlines how mitochondrial dysfunction can serve as a prelude to the COVID-associated cytokine storm. Thereafter, we indicate how the nexus between COVID-19 and mitochondria can fill the gap linking CiLI and its risk factors, including old age, male sex, and comorbidities. In conclusion, this concept stresses the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in hepatocyte damage in the context of COVID-19. It notes that boosting mitochondria biogenesis can possibly serve as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach for CiLI. Further studies can reveal this notion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Akbari
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Traditional Medicine School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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48
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Chen ZZ, Johnson L, Trahtemberg U, Baker A, Huq S, Dufresne J, Bowden P, Miao M, Ho JA, Hsu CC, Dos Santos CC, Marshall JG. Mitochondria and cytochrome components released into the plasma of severe COVID-19 and ICU acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:17. [PMID: 37031181 PMCID: PMC10082440 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteomic analysis of human plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS has discovered a limited number of new cellular protein biomarkers that may be confirmed by independent biochemical methods. Analysis of COVID-19 plasma has indicated the re-purposing of known biomarkers that might be used as prognostic markers of COVID-19 infection. However, multiple molecular approaches have previously indicated that the SARS-COV2 infection cycle is linked to the biology of mitochondria and that the response to infections may involve the action of heme containing oxidative enzymes. METHODS Human plasma from COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS was analyzed by classical analytical biochemistry techniques and classical frequency-based statistical approaches to look for prognostic markers of severe COVID-19 lung damage. Plasma proteins from COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS were identified and enumerated versus the controls of normal human plasma (NHP) by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The observation frequency of proteins detected in COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS patients were compared to normal human plasma, alongside random and noise MS/MS spectra controls, using the Chi Square (χ2) distribution. RESULTS PCR showed the presence of MT-ND1 DNA in the plasma of COVID-19, ICU-ARDS, as well as normal human plasma. Mitochondrial proteins such as MRPL, L2HGDH, ATP, CYB, CYTB, CYP, NDUF and others, were increased in COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS plasma. The apparent activity of the cytochrome components were tested alongside NHP by dot blotting on PVDF against a purified cytochrome c standard preparation for H2O2 dependent reaction with luminol as measured by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) that showed increased activity in COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS patients. DISCUSSION The results from PCR, LC-ESI-MS/MS of tryptic peptides, and cytochrome ECL assays confirmed that mitochondrial components were present in the plasma, in agreement with the established central role of the mitochondria in SARS-COV-2 biology. The cytochrome activity assay showed that there was the equivalent of at least nanogram amounts of cytochrome(s) in the plasma sample that should be clearly detectable by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The release of the luminol oxidase activity from cells into plasma forms the basis of a simple and rapid test for the severity of cell damage and lung injury in COVID-19 infection and ICU-ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan, University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lloyd Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan, University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Uriel Trahtemberg
- St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Baker
- St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Saaimatul Huq
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan, University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ja-An Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada.
| | - John G Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan, University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6 R. Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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49
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Low RN, Low RJ, Akrami A. A review of cytokine-based pathophysiology of Long COVID symptoms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1011936. [PMID: 37064029 PMCID: PMC10103649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1011936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Long COVID/Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) group includes patients with initial mild-to-moderate symptoms during the acute phase of the illness, in whom recovery is prolonged, or new symptoms are developed over months. Here, we propose a description of the pathophysiology of the Long COVID presentation based on inflammatory cytokine cascades and the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. In this model, the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is hypothesized to trigger a dysregulated peripheral immune system activation with subsequent cytokine release. Chronic low-grade inflammation leads to dysregulated brain microglia with an exaggerated release of central cytokines, producing neuroinflammation. Immunothrombosis linked to chronic inflammation with microclot formation leads to decreased tissue perfusion and ischemia. Intermittent fatigue, Post Exertional Malaise (PEM), CNS symptoms with "brain fog," arthralgias, paresthesias, dysautonomia, and GI and ophthalmic problems can consequently arise as result of the elevated peripheral and central cytokines. There are abundant similarities between symptoms in Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). DNA polymorphisms and viral-induced epigenetic changes to cytokine gene expression may lead to chronic inflammation in Long COVID patients, predisposing some to develop autoimmunity, which may be the gateway to ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J. Low
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athena Akrami
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Rosa IF, Peçanha APB, Carvalho TRB, Alexandre LS, Ferreira VG, Doretto LB, Souza BM, Nakajima RT, da Silva P, Barbosa AP, Gomes-de-Pontes L, Bomfim CG, Machado-Santelli GM, Condino-Neto A, Guzzo CR, Peron JPS, Andrade-Silva M, Câmara NOS, Garnique AMB, Medeiros RJ, Ferraris FK, Barcellos LJG, Correia-Junior JD, Galindo-Villegas J, Machado MFR, Castoldi A, Oliveira SL, Costa CC, Belo MAA, Galdino G, Sgro GG, Bueno NF, Eto SF, Veras FP, Fernandes BHV, Sanches PRS, Cilli EM, Malafaia G, Nóbrega RH, Garcez AS, Carrilho E, Charlie-Silva I. Photobiomodulation Reduces the Cytokine Storm Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in the Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076104. [PMID: 37047078 PMCID: PMC10094635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the level of inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red photobiomodulation (PBM) as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 in a zebrafish model. RT-qPCR analyses and protein-protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that recombinant Spike protein (rSpike) was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a and coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern similar to those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment was able to decrease the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most-impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipid metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19 and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials can commence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana F Rosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Ana P B Peçanha
- Department of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic College, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Tábata R B Carvalho
- Department of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic College, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Alexandre
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
- The National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalyses, INCTBio, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Ferreira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
- The National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalyses, INCTBio, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Doretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Nakajima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Patrick da Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Ana P Barbosa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Leticia Gomes-de-Pontes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Camila G Bomfim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R Guzzo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Jean P S Peron
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Magaiver Andrade-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Anali M B Garnique
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo J G Barcellos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Jose D Correia-Junior
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway
| | - Mônica F R Machado
- Biological Sciences Special Academic Unit, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai 75804-020, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Keizo Asami Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Susana L Oliveira
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Camila C Costa
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marco A A Belo
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Giovane Galdino
- Institute of Motricity Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Germán G Sgro
- Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia F Bueno
- Integrated Structural Biology Platform, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ Paraná, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil
| | - Silas F Eto
- Center of Innovation and Development, Laboratory of Development and Innovation Butantan Institute, São Paulo 69310-000, Brazil
| | - Flávio P Veras
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca H V Fernandes
- Laboratory of Genetic and Sanitary Control, Technical Board of Support for Teaching and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Sanches
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Urutaí 75790-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael H Nóbrega
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo S Garcez
- Department of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic College, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
- The National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalyses, INCTBio, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, Brazil
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