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Chen H, Yang C, Yan S, Liu X, Zhou L, Yuan X. Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: From pathophysiology to interventional therapy. Exp Gerontol 2024; 196:112571. [PMID: 39236869 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a significant complication in patients with cirrhosis. This condition not only exacerbates the overall morbidity and mortality associated with liver disease but also complicates patient management, increasing the risk of hospitalization, infections, and hepatic encephalopathy. Despite its clinical significance, sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the pathophysiology of sarcopenia in cirrhosis, including mechanisms such as altered metabolism, hormonal imbalances, and inflammation. Additionally, we explore diagnostic challenges and discuss emerging therapeutic strategies, including nutritional support, exercise, and pharmacological interventions. By highlighting the gaps in existing research and proposing directions for future studies, this review seeks to improve the management and outcomes of cirrhotic patients affected by sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Shijie Yan
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Xintao Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China.
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Sriwastawa K, Kumar A. Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy: Impaired mitophagy triggers NLRP3 inflammasome. Mitochondrion 2024:101972. [PMID: 39362475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the challenging complications of diabetes and is characterized by peripheral nerve damage due to hyperglycemia in diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is reported as a key pathophysiological factor contributing to nerve damage in diabetic neuropathy, clinically manifesting as neurodegenerative changes, as well as functional and sensorimotor deficits. Accumulating evidence suggests a clear correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Unraveling deeper molecular aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction may provide stable and effective therapeutic alternatives. This review links mitochondrial dysfunction and appraises its role in the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy. We also tried to delineate the role of mitophagy in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshari Sriwastawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India.
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Luo Y, Zhu J, Hu Z, Luo W, Du X, Hu H, Peng S. Progress in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Encephalopathy: The Key Role of Neuroinflammation. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3841. [PMID: 39295168 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a severe complication that occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) and leads to cognitive impairment. DE involves various pathophysiological processes, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. This review summarised current research on the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy, which involves neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, iron homoeostasis, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered gut microbiota, insulin resistance, etc. Among these pathological mechanisms, neuroinflammation has been focused on. This paper summarises some of the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation, including the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), Pyroptosis, Advanced Glycosylation End Products (AGEs), and some common pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, we discuss recent advances in the study of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of DE against neuroinflammation. The current research on the pathogenesis of DE is progressing slowly, and more research is needed in the future. Further study of neuroinflammation as a mechanism is conducive to the discovery of more effective treatments for DE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinxi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haijun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Ramachandran R, Manan A, Kim J, Choi S. NLRP3 inflammasome: a key player in the pathogenesis of life-style disorders. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1488-1500. [PMID: 38945951 PMCID: PMC11297159 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines play a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response, which is essential for the proper functioning of our immune system. When infections or threats to the body's defense mechanisms are detected, the innate immune system takes the lead. However, an excessive inflammatory response can lead to the production of high concentrations of cytotoxic molecules, resulting in tissue damage. Inflammasomes are significant contributors to innate immunity, and one of the most extensively studied inflammasome complexes is NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3). NLRP3 has a wide range of recognition mechanisms that streamline immune activation and eliminate pathogens. These cytosolic multiprotein complexes are composed of effector, adaptor, and sensor proteins, which are crucial for identifying intracellular bacterial breakdown products and initiating an innate immune cascade. To understand the diverse behavior of NLRP3 activation and its significance in the development of lifestyle-related diseases, one must delve into the study of the immune response and apoptosis mediated by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we briefly explore the immune response in the context of lifestyle associated disorders such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, oral disease, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajath Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
| | - Abdul Manan
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Jei Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16502, Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16502, Korea.
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Kim ME, Lee JS, Kim TW, Park MH, Kim DH. FoxO6-Mediated TXNIP Induces Lipid Accumulation in the Liver through NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:127-139. [PMID: 38417829 PMCID: PMC10901662 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Hepatic steatosis, which involves the excessive accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes, presents a significant global health concern due to its association with obesity and metabolic disorders. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of hepatic steatosis; however, the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for this process remain unknown. METHODS This study investigated the involvement of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the forkhead box O6 (FoxO6) transcription factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. We monitored the NLRP3 inflammasome and lipogenesis in mice overexpressing the constitutively active (CA)-FoxO6 allele and FoxO6-null mice. In an in vitro study, we administered palmitate to liver cells overexpressing CA-FoxO6 and measured changes in lipid metabolism. RESULTS We administered palmitate treatment to clarify the mechanisms through which FoxO6 activates cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β through the NLRP3 inflammasome. The initial experiments revealed that dephosphorylation led to palmitate-induced FoxO6 transcriptional activity. Further palmitate experiments showed increased expression of IL-1β and the hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome complex, including adaptor protein apoptotic speck protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and pro-caspase-1. Furthermore, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a key regulator of cellular redox conditions upstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome, was induced by FoxO6 in the liver and HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION The findings of this study shed light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the FoxO6-NLRP3 inflammasome axis in promoting inflammation and lipid accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Eun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chosun University College of Natural Science, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Chosun University College of Natural Science, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University College of Pharmacy, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Hi Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University College of Pharmacy, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Pusan National University College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Miryang, Korea
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Engin A. Reappraisal of Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:297-327. [PMID: 39287856 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a central component in the pathogenesis of obesity-related expansion of adipose tissue and complications in other metabolic tissues. Five different signaling pathways are defined as dominant determinants of adipose tissue inflammation: These are increased circulating endotoxin due to dysregulation in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, systemic oxidative stress, macrophage accumulation, and adipocyte death. Finally, the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD) leucine-rich repeat family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway is noted to be a key regulator of metabolic inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome and associated metabolic inflammation play an important role in the relationships among fatty acids and obesity. Several highly active molecules, including primarily leptin, resistin, adiponectin, visfatin, and classical cytokines, are abundantly released from adipocytes. The most important cytokines that are released by inflammatory cells infiltrating obese adipose tissue are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (CCL-2), and IL-1. All these molecules mentioned above act on immune cells, causing local and then general inflammation. Three metabolic pathways are noteworthy in the development of adipose tissue inflammation: toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-derived unfolded protein response (UPR), and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase beta (IKKβ)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In fact, adipose tissue inflammation is an adaptive response that contributes to a visceral depot barrier that effectively filters gut-derived endotoxin. Excessive fatty acid release worsens adipose tissue inflammation and contributes to insulin resistance. However, suppression of adipose inflammation in obesity with anti-inflammatory drugs is not a rational solution and paradoxically promotes insulin resistance, despite beneficial effects on weight gain. Inflammatory pathways in adipocytes are indeed indispensable for maintaining systemic insulin sensitivity. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is important in obesity-induced pro-inflammatory response; however, blockade of CB1R, contrary to anti-inflammatory drugs, breaks the links between insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. Obesity, however, could be decreased by improving leptin signaling, white adipose tissue browning, gut microbiota interactions, and alleviating inflammation. Furthermore, capsaicin synthesized by chilies is thought to be a new and promising therapeutic option in obesity, as it prevents metabolic endotoxemia and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation caused by high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Engin A. Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity and Therapeutic Targets. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:489-538. [PMID: 39287863 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Parallel to the increasing prevalence of obesity in the world, the mortality from cardiovascular disease has also increased. Low-grade chronic inflammation in obesity disrupts vascular homeostasis, and the dysregulation of adipocyte-derived endocrine and paracrine effects contributes to endothelial dysfunction. Besides the adipose tissue inflammation, decreased nitric oxide (NO)-bioavailability, insulin resistance (IR), and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) are the main factors contributing to endothelial dysfunction in obesity and the development of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. While normal healthy perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) ensures the dilation of blood vessels, obesity-associated PVAT leads to a change in the profile of the released adipo-cytokines, resulting in a decreased vasorelaxing effect. Higher stiffness parameter β, increased oxidative stress, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) oxidase in PVAT turn the macrophages into pro-atherogenic phenotypes by oxLDL-induced adipocyte-derived exosome-macrophage crosstalk and contribute to the endothelial dysfunction. In clinical practice, carotid ultrasound, higher leptin levels correlate with irisin over-secretion by human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, and remnant cholesterol (RC) levels predict atherosclerotic disease in obesity. As a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular protection, liraglutide improves vascular dysfunction by modulating a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-independent protein kinase A (PKA)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in PVAT in obese individuals. Because the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, hyperinsulinemia, and the resultant IR play key roles in the progression of cardiovascular disease in obesity, RAAS-targeted therapies contribute to improving endothelial dysfunction. By contrast, arginase reciprocally inhibits NO formation and promotes oxidative stress. Thus, targeting arginase activity as a key mediator in endothelial dysfunction has therapeutic potential in obesity-related vascular comorbidities. Obesity-related endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone (thiazolidinedione), is a popular drug for treating diabetes; however, it leads to increased cardiovascular risk. Selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor empagliflozin (EMPA) significantly improves endothelial dysfunction and mortality occurring through redox-dependent mechanisms. Although endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are alleviated by either metformin or EMPA, currently used drugs to treat obesity-related diabetes neither possess the same anti-inflammatory potential nor simultaneously target endothelial cell dysfunction and obesity equally. While therapeutic interventions with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide or bariatric surgery reverse regenerative cell exhaustion, support vascular repair mechanisms, and improve cardiometabolic risk in individuals with T2D and obesity, the GLP-1 analog exendin-4 attenuates endothelial endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Shi W, Xu G, Gao Y, Zhao J, Liu T, Zhao J, Yang H, Wei Z, Li H, Xu AL, Bai Z, Xiao X. Novel role for epalrestat: protecting against NLRP3 inflammasome-driven NASH by targeting aldose reductase. J Transl Med 2023; 21:700. [PMID: 37805545 PMCID: PMC10560438 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive and inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in various stages. More than 20% of patients with NASH will progress to cirrhosis. Currently, there is a lack of clinically effective drugs for treating NASH, as improving liver histology in NASH is difficult to achieve and maintain through weight loss alone. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate potential therapeutic drugs for NASH. METHODS BMDMs and THP1 cells were used to construct an inflammasome activation model, and then we evaluated the effect of epalrestat on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Western blot, real-time qPCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA were used to evaluate the mechanism of epalrestat on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Next, MCD-induced NASH models were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of epalrestat in vivo. In addition, to evaluate the safety of epalrestat in vivo, mice were gavaged with epalrestat daily for 14 days. RESULTS Epalrestat, a clinically effective and safe drug, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by acting upstream of caspase-1 and inducing ASC oligomerization. Importantly, epalrestat exerts its inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting the activation of aldose reductase. Further investigation revealed that the administration of epalrestat inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo, alleviating liver inflammation and improving NASH pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, effectively suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo and in vitro and might be a new therapeutic approach for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - An-Long Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Alenezi SA, Khan R, Snell L, Aboeldalyl S, Amer S. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Obesity and PCOS-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10976. [PMID: 37446154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify studies investigating NLRP3 its related components (Caspase 1, ASC and IL-1β) in adipose tissue and/or blood from obese individuals compared to non-obese controls. Another search was conducted for studies investigating NLRP3 in PCOS women and animal models. The ssearched databases included Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register and the WHO International Clinical Trials Register. The quality and risk of bias for the included articles were assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were extracted and pooled using RevMan software for the calculation of the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Twelve eligible studies were included in the obesity systematic review and nine in the PCOS review. Of the obesity studies, nine (n = 270) were included in the meta-analysis, which showed a significantly higher adipose tissue NLRP3 gene expression in obese (n = 186) versus non-obese (n = 84) participants (SMD 1.07; 95% CI, 0.27, 1.87). Pooled analysis of adipose tissue IL-1β data from four studies showed significantly higher IL-1β gene expression levels in adipose tissue from 88 obese participants versus 39 non-obese controls (SMD 0.56; 95% CI, 0.13, 0.99). Meta-analysis of adipose tissue ASC data from four studies showed a significantly higher level in obese (n = 109) versus non-obese (n = 42) individuals (SMD 0.91, 95% CI, 0.30, 1.52). Of the nine PCOS articles, three were human (n = 185) and six were animal studies utilizing PCOS rat/mouse models. All studies apart from one article consistently showed upregulated NLRP3 and its components in PCOS women and animal models. In conclusion, obesity and PCOS seem to be associated with upregulated expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components. Further research is required to validate these findings and to elucidate the role of NLRP3 in obesity and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Atalah Alenezi
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 14214, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raheela Khan
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Lindsay Snell
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Library & Knowledge Service, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Shaimaa Aboeldalyl
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Saad Amer
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
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Herrera-Martínez AD, Herrero-Aguayo V, Pérez-Gómez JM, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Inflammasomes: Cause or consequence of obesity-associated comorbidities in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2351-2362. [PMID: 36415999 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein intracellular complexes composed of innate immune system receptors and sensors; they activate the inflammatory cascade in response to infectious microbes and/or molecules derived from host proteins. Because of cytokine secretion, inflammasomes can induce amplified systemic responses, its dysregulation can exacerbate symptoms in infectious diseases, and it has been related to the development of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, and even cancer. Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation, in which circulating proinflammatory cytokines are elevated. Some publications describe changes in inflammation markers as a consequence of obesity, but others suggest that chronic inflammation might cause obesity (e.g., C-reactive protein): these assumptions reflect the difficulty of identifying the appropriate role of inflammation as cause or consequence of obesity and its related complications. Obesity is recognized as a clinical risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Changes in the expression of inflammasomes are described in some of these obesity-related complications, and moreover, its modulation might exert a beneficial effect in some cases. Despite some contradictory results, most publications suggest a promising clinical effect based on in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this review, we summarized recent publications about inflammasome dysregulation in humans and its relationship with obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
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Bigford GE, Garshick E. Systemic inflammation after spinal cord injury: A review of biological evidence, related health risks, and potential therapies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 67:102303. [PMID: 36206621 PMCID: PMC9929918 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) develop progressive multi-system health problems that result in clinical illness and disability. Systemic inflammation is associated with many of the common medical complications and acquired diseases that accompany chronic SCI, suggesting that it contributes to a number of comorbid pathological conditions. However, many of the mechanisms that promote persistent systemic inflammation and its consequences remain ill-defined. This review describes the significant biological factors that contribute to systemic inflammation, major organ systems affected, health risks, and the potential treatment strategies. We aim to highlight the need for a better understanding of inflammatory processes, and to establish appropriate strategies to address inflammation in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Bigford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of GATA-3 Suppression for Induction of Adipogenesis and Improving Insulin Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911142. [PMID: 36232443 PMCID: PMC9569927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired adipogenesis is associated with the development of insulin resistance and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). GATA Binding Protein 3 (GATA3) is implicated in impaired adipogenesis and the onset of insulin resistance. Therefore, we hypothesize that inhibition of GATA3 could promote adipogenesis, restore healthy fat distribution, and enhance insulin signaling. Primary human preadipocytes were treated with GATA3 inhibitor (DNAzyme hgd40). Cell proliferation, adipogenic capacity, gene expression, and insulin signaling were measured following well-established protocols. BALB/c mice were treated with DNAzyme hgd40 over a period of 2 weeks. Liposomes loaded with DNAzyme hgd40, pioglitazone (positive), or vehicle (negative) controls were administered subcutaneously every 2 days at the right thigh. At the end of the study, adipose tissues were collected and weighed from the site of injection, the opposite side, and the omental depot. Antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities were assessed in animals’ sera, and gene expression was measured using well-established protocols. In vitro GATA3 inhibition induced the adipogenesis of primary human preadipocytes and enhanced insulin signaling through the reduced expression of p70S6K. In vivo GATA3 inhibition promoted adipogenesis at the site of injection and reduced MCP-1 expression. GATA3 inhibition also reduced omental tissue size and PPARγ expression. These findings suggest that modulating GATA3 expression offers a potential therapeutic benefit by correcting impaired adipogenesis, promoting healthy fat distribution, improving insulin sensitivity, and potentially lowering the risk of T2D.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152359. [PMID: 35954203 PMCID: PMC9367570 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is generally an age-related condition that directly impacts the quality of life. It is also related to chronic diseases such as metabolic dysfunction associated with diabetes and obesity. This means that everyone will be vulnerable to sarcopenia at some point in their life. Research to find the precise molecular mechanisms implicated in this condition can increase knowledge for the better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia. Our work gathered the most recent research regarding inflammation in sarcopenia and new therapeutic agents proposed to target its consequences in pyroptosis and cellular senescence. Finally, we compared dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) as imaging techniques to diagnose and follow up on sarcopenia, indicating their respective advantages and disadvantages. Our goal is for the scientific evidence presented here to help guide future research to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in sarcopenia, new treatment strategies, and their translation into clinical practice.
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Åkra S, Seljeflot I, Braathen B, Bratseth V, Hansen CH, Arnesen H, Tønnessen T, Solheim S. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation in subcutaneous, epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary by-pass surgery. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2022; 48:47-54. [PMID: 36644557 PMCID: PMC9833236 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue (EAT and PAT) associate with atherosclerosis, however, discussed to have different inflammatory properties. We examined the NLRP3 inflammasome related pathway, playing a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, in EAT, PAT and subcutaneous AT (SAT), their relationship to cell types and anthropometric measures in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods Biopsies from EAT, PAT and SAT were collected from 52 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) (median body weight 85.0 kg) and 22 controls. RNA was extracted and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, Caspase-1, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), IL-6, IL-6 receptor and gp130 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results Limited differences in any genes between CHD patients and controls. IL-18 and IL-6 were 4-fold higher expressed in EAT versus PAT (p < 0.01, both) and SAT (p < 0.001, both), whereas caspase-1, IL-6R and gp130 were higher expressed in SAT compared to the other compartments (all p = 0.06-<0.001). Significant correlations between SAT and PAT gene expressions (r = 0.358-0.579, all p ≤ 0.01). Especially NLRP3 and TLR4 associated with the expression of macrophages in all compartments (all p < 0.001). In EAT IL-18 correlated inversely with the expression of macrophages and T-cells. In SAT and PAT most of the mediators associated with body weight. Conclusions Higher expression of IL-18 and IL-6 was observed in EAT in our non-obese CHD patients, not related to inflammatory cells. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation in SAT that mirrored PAT, both related to anthropometrics, suggest that SAT samples, being easily available, to a certain degree, represent adipose tissue inflammation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Åkra
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Corresponding author. Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Pb 4954 Nydalen, N-0240, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Braathen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Bratseth
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotte Holst Hansen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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Chen X, Zhang D, Li Y, Wang W, Bei W, Guo J. NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β pathway in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: Friend or foe? Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105885. [PMID: 34536551 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis have gradually garnered great attention as inflammatory diseases. Previously, the fact that Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) accelerates the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis has been proved in animal experiments and clinical trials. However, the continued studies found that the effect of IL-1β on type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis is much more complicated than the negative impact. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome, whose activation and assembly significantly affect the release of IL-1β, is a crucial effector activated by a variety of metabolites. The diversity of NLRP3 activation mode is one of the fundamental reasons for the intricate effects on the progression of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, providing many new insights for us to intervene in metabolic diseases. This review focuses on how NLRP3 inflammasome affects the progression of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis and what opportunities and challenges it can bring us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Sehgal A, Behl T, Kaur I, Singh S, Sharma N, Aleya L. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome as a chief instigator of obesity, contributing to local adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43102-43113. [PMID: 34145545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome activity plays a vital role in various non-microbial disease states correlated with prolonged inflammation. NLRP3 inflammasome function and IL-1β formation are augmented in obesity and several obesity-linked metabolic disorders (i.e. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatic steatosis, cancer, arthritis, and sleep apnea). Also, several factors are associated with the progression of diseases viz. increased plasma glucose, fatty acids, and β-amyloid are augmented during obesity and activate NLRP3 inflammasome expression. Prolonged NLRP3 stimulation seems to play significant role in various disorders, though better knowledge of inflammasome regulation and action might result in improved therapeutic tactics. Numerous compounds that mitigate NLRP3 inflammasome expression and suppress its chief effector, IL-1β are presently studied in clinical phases as therapeutics to manage or prevent these common disorders. A deep research on the literature available till date for inflammasome in obesity was conducted using various medical sites like PubMed, HINARI, MEDLINE from the internet, and data was collected simultaneously. The present review aims to examine the prospects of inflammasome as a major progenitor in the progression of obesity via directing their role in regulating appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besancon, France
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17
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Inflammasomes as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:247. [PMID: 34210954 PMCID: PMC8249422 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes of the innate immune system that initiate inflammation in response to either exogenous pathogens or endogenous danger signals. Inflammasome multiprotein complexes are composed of three parts: a sensor protein, an adaptor, and pro-caspase-1. Activation of the inflammasome leads to the activation of caspase-1, which cleaves pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Effectors of the inflammasome not only provide protection against infectious pathogens, but also mediate control over sterile insults. Aberrant inflammasome signaling has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the role of the inflammasome as a double-edged sword in various diseases, and the outcomes can be either good or bad depending on the disease, as well as the genetic background. We highlight inflammasome memory and the two-shot activation process. We also propose the M- and N-type inflammation model, and discuss how the inflammasome pathway may be targeted for the development of novel therapy.
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18
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Ratajczak MZ, Kucia M. The Nlrp3 inflammasome - the evolving story of its positive and negative effects on hematopoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:251-261. [PMID: 33901136 PMCID: PMC8169640 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoiesis is co-regulated by innate immunity, which is an ancient evolutionary defense mechanism also involved in the development and regeneration of damaged tissues. This review seeks to shed more light on the workings of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, which is an intracellular innate immunity pattern recognition receptor and sensor of changes in the hematopoietic microenvironment, and focus on its role in hematopoieisis. RECENT FINDINGS Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are exposed to several external mediators of innate immunity. Moreover, since hemato/lymphopoietic cells develop from a common stem cell, their behavior and fate are coregulated by intracellular innate immunity pathways. Therefore, the Nlrp3 inflammasome is functional both in immune cells and in HSPCs and affects hematopoiesis in either a positive or negative way, depending on its activity level. Specifically, while a physiological level of activation regulates the trafficking of HSPCs and most likely maintains their pool in the bone marrow, hyperactivation may lead to irreversible cell damage by pyroptosis and HSPC senescence and contribute to the origination of myelodysplasia and hematopoietic malignancies. SUMMARY Modulation of the level of Nrp3 inflammasome activation will enable improvements in HSPC mobilization, homing, and engraftment strategies. It may also control pathological activation of this protein complex during HSPC senescence, graft-versus-host disease, the induction of cytokine storms, and the development of hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Liddle DM, Hutchinson AL, Monk JM, Power KA, Robinson LE. Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate CD4 + T-cell subset markers, adipocyte antigen-presentation potential, and NLRP3 inflammasome activity in a coculture model of obese adipose tissue. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111388. [PMID: 34298481 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is partly driven by inflammatory cross talk between adipocytes and interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T-helper (Th)1 cells, a process we have shown may be mitigated by long-chain (LC) ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Our objective was to study pivotal mediators of interactions between Th1 cells and adipocytes as potential mechanisms underlying the antiinflammatory effects of LC ω-3 PUFAs. METHODS Using an in vitro model, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cocultured with purified splenic CD4+ T cells from C57BL/6 mice consuming one of two isocaloric high-fat (HF) diets (60% kcal fat), containing either 41.2% kcal from lard + 18.7% kcal from corn oil (control, HF) or 41.2% kcal from lard + 13.4% kcal from corn oil + 5.3% kcal from fish oil (HF+FO). Cocultures were stimulated for 48 h with lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/mL). RESULTS Compared with HF cocultures, HF+FO reduced Th1-cell markers (including secreted interferon-γ) and increased Th2-cell markers, consistent with reduced expression of genes related to major histocompatibility complex II (P < 0.05). HF+FO also blunted markers of priming and activity of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (P < 0.05). In confirmatory work, 3T3-L1 adipocyte pretreatment with the LC ω-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (100 μM, 24 h) blunted interferon-γ-induced (5 ng/mL, 24 h) expression of genes related to major histocompatibility complex II and priming and activity markers of the NLRP3 inflammasome compared with control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory interactions between CD4+ T cells and adipocytes may provide a target for LC ω-3 PUFAs to mitigate obesity-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Pahwa R, Singh A, Adams-Huet B, Devaraj S, Jialal I. Increased inflammasome activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3383. [PMID: 32652811 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an inflammatory disorder associated with an increased risk for diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Studies in patients and animal models of obesity and diabetes have shown increased NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLPR3) inflammasome activity. However, there is scanty data on the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome in patients with nascent MetS. The aim of this study was to determine the status of the inflammasome in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of patients with nascent MetS without concomitant diabetes, ASCVD and smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with nascent MetS and controls were recruited from Sacramento County. Fasting blood samples were collected for biomediators of inflammation and SAT was obtained by biopsy for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for caspase 1, IL-1β and IL-18. RESULTS Caspase1, a marker of inflammasome activity and its downstream mediators IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased in SAT of patients with MetS compared to controls. Significant positive correlations of caspase 1 were obtained with certain cardio-metabolic features, biomediators of inflammation and markers of angiogenesis and fibrosis in SAT. Both mast cell and eosinophil abundance but not macrophage density correlated with caspase1. CONCLUSIONS We make the novel observation that the SAT of patients with nascent MetS displays increased NLRP3 inflammasome activity manifest by increased caspase 1 in SAT and this may contribute to increased insulin resistance, inflammation and SAT fibrosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Pahwa
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anand Singh
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Centers for Biostatistics and Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Liu B, Yu J. Anti-NLRP3 Inflammasome Natural Compounds: An Update. Biomedicines 2021; 9:136. [PMID: 33535473 PMCID: PMC7912743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat related (NLR) family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that recognizes various danger or stress signals from pathogens, the host, and the environment, leading to activation of caspase-1 and inducing inflammatory responses. This pro-inflammatory protein complex plays critical roles in pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, intensive efforts have been devoted to understanding its activation mechanisms and to searching for its specific inhibitors. Approximately forty natural compounds with anti-NLRP3 inflammasome properties have been identified. Here, we provide an update about new natural compounds that have been identified within the last three years to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and offer an overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms of their anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiujiu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
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22
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Al-Jaber H, Al-Mansoori L, Elrayess MA. GATA-3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:169-179. [PMID: 32628587 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200705210417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired adipogenesis plays an important role in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes as it leads to ectopic fat deposition. The anti-adipogenic transcription factor GATA-3 was identified as one of the potential molecular targets responsible for the impairment of adipogenesis. The expression of GATA-3 is higher in insulinresistant obese individuals compared to BMI-matched insulin-sensitive counterparts. Adipose tissue inflammation is a crucial mediator of this process. Hyperglycemia mediates the activation of the immune system, partially through upregulation of GATA- 3, causing exacerbation of the inflammatory state associated with obesity. This review discusses the evidence supporting the inhibition of GATA-3 as a useful therapeutic strategy in obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, through up-regulation adipogenesis and amelioration of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Al-Jaber
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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23
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Ambati J, Magagnoli J, Leung H, Wang SB, Andrews CA, Fu D, Pandey A, Sahu S, Narendran S, Hirahara S, Fukuda S, Sun J, Pandya L, Ambati M, Pereira F, Varshney A, Cummings T, Hardin JW, Edun B, Bennett CL, Ambati K, Fowler BJ, Kerur N, Röver C, Leitinger N, Werner BC, Stein JD, Sutton SS, Gelfand BD. Repurposing anti-inflammasome NRTIs for improving insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes development. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4737. [PMID: 32968070 PMCID: PMC7511405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling through the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by multiple diabetes-related stressors, but whether targeting the inflammasome is beneficial for diabetes is still unclear. Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), drugs approved to treat HIV-1 and hepatitis B infections, also block inflammasome activation. Here, we show, by analyzing five health insurance databases, that the adjusted risk of incident diabetes is 33% lower in patients with NRTI exposure among 128,861 patients with HIV-1 or hepatitis B (adjusted hazard ratio for NRTI exposure, 0.673; 95% confidence interval, 0.638 to 0.710; P < 0.0001; 95% prediction interval, 0.618 to 0.734). Meanwhile, an NRTI, lamivudine, improves insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammasome activation in diabetic and insulin resistance-induced human cells, as well as in mice fed with high-fat chow; mechanistically, inflammasome-activating short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) transcripts are elevated, whereas SINE-catabolizing DICER1 is reduced, in diabetic cells and mice. These data suggest the possibility of repurposing an approved class of drugs for prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrishna Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Joseph Magagnoli
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hannah Leung
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shao-Bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chris A Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Eye Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dongxu Fu
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Akshat Pandey
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Srabani Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Siddharth Narendran
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shuichiro Hirahara
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shinichi Fukuda
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jian Sun
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lekha Pandya
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Felipe Pereira
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Akhil Varshney
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tammy Cummings
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James W Hardin
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Babatunde Edun
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Charles L Bennett
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Center for Medication Safety and Efficacy, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kameshwari Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nagaraj Kerur
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christian Röver
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian C Werner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joshua D Stein
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Scott Sutton
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bradley D Gelfand
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Integrative Analysis of Lipid Profiles in Plasma Allows Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering in Children with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2935278. [PMID: 33299523 PMCID: PMC7710435 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2935278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, central obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia are key risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the specific factors contributing to the development of unfavorable cardiometabolic characteristics in children with obesity are unknown. In this study, we investigated the cross-sectional relationships between cytokines, irisin, and fatty acid (FA) composition in plasma in school-age children with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity (MHO and MUO, respectively) of the same age and body mass index and waist circumference percentiles. We compared the data with that of children with normal weight (NW). We found that inflammatory cytokines and low irisin plasma concentrations are associated with obesity but not with cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Lipid profiles showed that children with MUO have a distinctive FA profile compared with children with MHO and NW, whereas children with MHO shared 88% of the FA profile with the NW group. Among all FAs, concentration of myristic acid (14 : 0), arachidic acid (20 : 0), and n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) was higher in children with MHO, whereas n-6 PUFAs such as arachidonic acid (20 : 4n6) had a significant contribution in defining MUO. These data suggest that the plasma FA profile is not only a central link to obesity but also may act as an indicator of CMR presence.
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Knorr J, Wree A, Tacke F, Feldstein AE. The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 2020; 40:298-306. [PMID: 32526788 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic hepatitis (ASH) are advanced forms of fatty liver diseases that are associated with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with ASH or NASH are more susceptible to the progression of fibrosis and cirrhosis up to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there are limited medical therapies available. Accompanied by the asymptomatic disease progression, the demand for liver transplants is high. This review provides an overview about the growing evidence for a central role of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that acts as a central driver of inflammation via activation of caspase 1, maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β, and trigger of inflammatory pyroptotic cell death in both NASH and ASH. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and related upstream and downstream pathways to develop prognostic biomarkers and medical treatments for both liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Knorr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Campus Mitte and Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Wree
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Campus Mitte and Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Campus Mitte and Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
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26
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Wu KKL, Cheung SWM, Cheng KKY. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Adipose Tissues and Its Implications on Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4184. [PMID: 32545355 PMCID: PMC7312293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine and immune organ that controls systemic immunometabolism via multiple pathways. Diverse immune cell populations reside in adipose tissue, and their composition and immune responses vary with nutritional and environmental conditions. Adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by sterile low-grade chronic inflammation and excessive immune cell infiltration, is a hallmark of obesity, as well as an important link to cardiometabolic diseases. Amongst the pro-inflammatory factors secreted by the dysfunctional adipose tissue, interleukin (IL)-1β, induced by the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, not only impairs peripheral insulin sensitivity, but it also interferes with the endocrine and immune functions of adipose tissue in a paracrine manner. Human studies indicated that NLRP3 activity in adipose tissues positively correlates with obesity and its metabolic complications, and treatment with the IL-1β antibody improves glycaemia control in type 2 diabetic patients. In mouse models, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 activation pathways or IL-1β prevents adipose tissue dysfunction, including inflammation, fibrosis, defective lipid handling and adipogenesis, which in turn alleviates obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize both the negative and positive regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and its pathophysiological consequences on immunometabolism. We also discuss the potential therapeutic approaches to targeting adipose tissue inflammasome for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.-L.W.); (S.W.-M.C.)
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Oliveira MS, Rheinheimer J, Moehlecke M, Rodrigues M, Assmann TS, Leitão CB, Trindade MRM, Crispim D, de Souza BM. UCP2, IL18, and miR-133a-3p are dysregulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 509:110805. [PMID: 32251712 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the expression of UCP2, NLRP3, IL1B, IL18, and miR-133a-3p in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 61 patients divided according to BMI: Group 1 (n = 8; BMI<25.0 kg/m2), Group 2 (n = 24; BMI 30.0-39.9 kg/m2), and Group 3 (n = 29; BMI≥40.0 kg/m2). SAT biopsies were obtained from individuals who underwent bariatric surgery or elective abdominal surgery. Gene expressions were quantified using qPCR. Bioinformatics analyses were employed to investigate target genes and pathways related to miR-133a-3p. UCP2 and miR-133a-3p expressions were decreased in SAT of Groups 2 and 3 while IL18 was increased compared to Group 1. NLRP3 and IL1B expressions did not differ between groups; however, NLRP3 was positively correlated with waist circumference and excess weight. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that UCP2 and NLRP3 are targets of miR-133a-3p. In conclusion, UCP2 and miR-133a-3p expressions are downregulated in patients with obesity, while IL18 is upregulated. NRLP3 is correlated with waist circumference and weight excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara S Oliveira
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Rheinheimer
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Brazil
| | - Milene Moehlecke
- Department of Endocrinology, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michelle Rodrigues
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taís S Assmann
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Brazil
| | - Cristiane B Leitão
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Brazil
| | - Manoel R M Trindade
- Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Brazil
| | - Bianca M de Souza
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Brazil.
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Antonioli L, Moriconi D, Masi S, Bottazzo D, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Anselmino M, Ferrannini E, Blandizzi C, Taddei S, Nannipieri M. Differential Impact of Weight Loss and Glycemic Control on Inflammasome Signaling. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:609-615. [PMID: 32020775 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-1β is involved in obesity-associated inflammation and in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. Our aim was to correlate serum IL-1β and caspase-1 levels with weight loss, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance (IR) after bariatric surgery. METHODS A total of 32 patients with morbid obesity and T2D (Ob-T2D) and 29 patients with morbid obesity and normal glucose tolerance (Ob-NGT), treated by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, were studied before and 1 year after surgery. Sixteen healthy individuals served as a control (HC) group. IR was assessed by the oral glucose insulin sensitivity method. Plasma IL-1β levels and caspase-1 were measured. RESULTS Presurgery BMI was similar in Ob-NGT and Ob-T2D. IR was progressively impaired in Ob-NGT and Ob-T2D (P < 0.0001). Fasting plasma IL-1β and caspase-1 levels were lower in HCs than in patients with Ob-NGT or Ob-T2D (P < 0.02; P = 0.05), and both were inversely correlated with IR (P = 0.01; P = 0.02). After surgery, BMI decreased and IR improved to a similar extent in Ob-NGT and Ob-T2D (P < 0.0001). Plasma caspase-1 concentrations normalized in both groups (P < 0.0001), whereas plasma IL-1β levels normalized only in Ob-NGT. CONCLUSIONS Plasma IL-1β and caspase-1 levels were inversely correlated with IR. Caspase-1 levels normalized after weight loss, whereas IL-1β normalized only in people without T2D, suggesting the persistence of a systemic inflammatory condition in people with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Moriconi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Bottazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Anselmino
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- National Research Council Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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van der Kolk BW, Kalafati M, Adriaens M, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Vogelzangs N, Saris WHM, Astrup A, Valsesia A, Langin D, van der Kallen CJH, Eussen SJPM, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, Goossens GH, Arts ICW, Jocken JWE, Evelo CT, Blaak EE. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Systemic Inflammation Are Associated With Peripheral but Not Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2019; 68:2247-2258. [PMID: 31492661 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) may develop in multiple organs, representing various etiologies for cardiometabolic diseases. We identified abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT) transcriptome profiles in liver or muscle IR by means of RNA sequencing in overweight or obese participants of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) (NCT00390637, ClinicalTrials.gov) cohort (n = 368). Tissue-specific IR phenotypes were derived from a 5-point oral glucose tolerance test. Hepatic and muscle IR were characterized by distinct abdominal ScAT transcriptome profiles. Genes related to extracellular remodeling were upregulated in individuals with primarily hepatic IR, while genes related to inflammation were upregulated in individuals with primarily muscle IR. In line with this, in two independent cohorts, the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) (n = 325) and the Maastricht Study (n = 685), an increased systemic low-grade inflammation profile was specifically related to muscle IR but not to liver IR. We propose that increased ScAT inflammatory gene expression may translate into an increased systemic inflammatory profile, linking ScAT inflammation to the muscle IR phenotype. These distinct IR phenotypes may provide leads for more personalized prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta W van der Kolk
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianthi Kalafati
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Adriaens
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Vogelzangs
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dominique Langin
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
- Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Nasoohi S, Parveen K, Ishrat T. Metabolic Syndrome, Brain Insulin Resistance, and Alzheimer's Disease: Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP) and Inflammasome as Core Amplifiers. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:857-885. [PMID: 30372683 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence indicates a strong association between insulin resistance and pathological alterations related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in different cerebral regions. While cerebral insulin resistance is not essentially parallel with systemic metabolic derangements, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been established as a risk factor for AD. The circulating "toxic metabolites" emerging in metabolic syndrome may engage several biochemical pathways to promote oxidative stress and neuroinflammation leading to impair insulin function in the brain or "type 3 diabetes". Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as an intracellular amplifier of oxidative stress and inflammasome activation may presumably mediate central insulin resistance. Emerging data including those from our recent studies has demonstrated a sharp TXNIP upregulation in stroke, aging and AD and well underlining the significance of this hypothesis. With the main interest to illustrate TXNIP place in type 3 diabetes, the present review primarily briefs the potential mechanisms contributing to cerebral insulin resistance in a metabolically deranged environment. Then with a particular focus on plausible TXNIP functions to drive and associate with AD pathology, we present the most recent evidence supporting TXNIP as a promising therapeutic target in AD as an age-associated dementia.
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31
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Liddle DM, Monk JM, Hutchinson AL, Ma DWL, Robinson LE. CD8 + T cell/adipocyte inflammatory cross talk and ensuing M1 macrophage polarization are reduced by fish-oil-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in part by a TNF-α-dependent mechanism. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 76:108243. [PMID: 31760229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obese visceral adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is driven by adipokine-mediated cross talk between CD8+ T cells and adipocytes, a process mitigated by long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but underlying mechanisms and ensuing effects on macrophage polarization status are unknown. Using an in vitro co-culture model that recapitulates the degree of CD8+ T cell infiltration reported in obese AT, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were co-cultured for 24 h with purified splenic CD8+ T cells from C57Bl/6 mice consuming either a 10% w/w safflower oil (control, CON) or 7% w/w safflower oil + 3% w/w fish oil (FO) diet for 4 weeks (n=8-10/diet). Co-cultured cells were in direct contact or in a contact-independent condition separated by a Transwell permeable membrane and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/ml) to mimic in vivo obese endotoxin levels. In contact-dependent co-cultures, FO reduced inflammatory (IL-6, TNFα, IFN-γ) and macrophage chemotactic (CCL2, CCL7, CCL3) mRNA expression and/or secreted protein, NF-κB p65 activation, ROS accumulation, NLRP3 inflammasome priming (Nlrp3, Il1β mRNA) and activation (caspase-1 activity) compared to CON (P<.05). The anti-inflammatory action of FO was reproduced by the addition of a TNF-α neutralizing antibody (1 μg/ml) to CON co-cultures (CON/anti-TNF-α), albeit to a lesser degree. Conditioned media from FO and CON/anti-TNF-α co-cultures, in turn, reduced RAW 264.7 macrophage mRNA expression of M1 polarization markers (iNos, Cd11c, Ccr2) and associated inflammatory cytokines (Il6, Tnfα, Il1β) compared to CON. These data suggest that inflammatory CD8+ T cell/adipocyte cross talk is partially attributable to TNF-α signaling, which can be mitigated by LC n-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutic Strategies for NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Neurological, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122876. [PMID: 31200447 PMCID: PMC6627634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence point out the relevance of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a pivotal player in the pathophysiology of several neurological and psychiatric diseases (i.e., Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and major depressive disorder), metabolic disorders (i.e., obesity and type 2 diabetes) and chronic inflammatory diseases (i.e., intestinal inflammation, arthritis, and gout). Intensive research efforts are being made to achieve an integrated view about the pathophysiological role of NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in such disorders. Evidence is also emerging that the pharmacological modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by phytochemicals could represent a promising molecular target for the therapeutic management of neurological, psychiatric, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. The present review article has been intended to provide an integrated and critical overview of the available clinical and experimental evidence about the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of neurological, psychiatric, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases, including PD, AD, MS, depression, obesity, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and intestinal inflammation. Special attention has been paid to highlight and critically discuss current scientific evidence on the effects of phytochemicals on NLRP3 inflammasome pathways and their potential in counteracting central neuroinflammation, metabolic alterations, and immune/inflammatory responses in such diseases.
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Del Cornò M, Baldassarre A, Calura E, Conti L, Martini P, Romualdi C, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, D'Archivio M, Masotti A, Gessani S. Transcriptome Profiles of Human Visceral Adipocytes in Obesity and Colorectal Cancer Unravel the Effects of Body Mass Index and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Genes and Biological Processes Related to Tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:265. [PMID: 30838002 PMCID: PMC6389660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a low-grade inflammatory condition, represents a major risk factor for the development of several pathologies including colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the adipose tissue inflammatory state is now recognized as a key player in obesity-associated morbidities, the underlying biological processes are complex and not yet precisely defined. To this end, we analyzed transcriptome profiles of human visceral adipocytes from lean and obese subjects affected or not by CRC by RNA sequencing (n = 6 subjects/category), and validated selected modulated genes by real-time qPCR. We report that obesity and CRC, conditions characterized by the common denominator of inflammation, promote changes in the transcriptional program of adipocytes mostly involving pathways and biological processes linked to extracellular matrix remodeling, and metabolism of pyruvate, lipids and glucose. Interestingly, although the transcriptome of adipocytes shows several alterations that are common to both disorders, some modifications are unique under obesity (e.g., pathways associated with inflammation) and CRC (e.g., TGFβ signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling) and are influenced by the body mass index (e.g., processes related to cell adhesion, angiogenesis, as well as metabolism). Indeed, cancer-induced transcriptional program is deeply affected by obesity, with adipocytes from obese individuals exhibiting a more complex response to the tumor. We also report that in vitro exposure of adipocytes to ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) endowed with either anti- or pro-inflammatory properties, respectively, modulates the expression of genes involved in processes potentially relevant to carcinogenesis, as assessed by real-time qPCR. All together our results suggest that genes involved in pyruvate, glucose and lipid metabolism, fibrosis and inflammation are central in the transcriptional reprogramming of adipocytes occurring in obese and CRC-affected individuals, as well as in their response to PUFA exposure. Moreover, our results indicate that the transcriptional program of adipocytes is strongly influenced by the BMI status in CRC subjects. The dysregulation of these interrelated processes relevant for adipocyte functions may contribute to create more favorable conditions to tumor establishment or favor tumor progression, thus linking obesity and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrica Calura
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Varì
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo D'Archivio
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Laparra A, Tricot S, Le Van M, Damouche A, Gorwood J, Vaslin B, Favier B, Benoist S, Ho Tsong Fang R, Bosquet N, Le Grand R, Chapon C, Lambotte O, Bourgeois C. The Frequencies of Immunosuppressive Cells in Adipose Tissue Differ in Human, Non-human Primate, and Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30804937 PMCID: PMC6371887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the metabolic properties of white adipose tissue have been extensively characterized, the tissue's immune properties are now attracting renewed interest. Early experiments in a mouse model suggested that white adipose tissue contains a high density of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and so it was assumed that all adipose tissue has an immunosuppressive profile—even though the investigation was limited to visceral body fat in relatively old male mice. This observation was also corroborated by high frequencies of other cell subsets with immunoregulatory properties, such as anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, and regulatory B cells. Many studies have since evidenced the persistence of pathogens (trypanosomes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HIV, etc.) in adipose tissue. However, a recent report identified adipose tissue as a reservoir of memory T cells capable of protecting animals upon rechallenge. The immune potential of lean adipose tissue thus remains to be further investigated. Here, we compared the relative proportions of immune cells (and Tregs in particular) in lean adipose tissue collected from humans, a non-human primate (the cynomolgus macaque), and three mouse models. We demonstrated that the proportion of Foxp3+ Tregs in visceral adipose tissue was low in all models other than the C57Bl/6 mouse. These low values were not linked to correspondingly low proportions of effector cells because T lymphocytes (a main target of Treg suppression) were more frequent in cynomolgus macaques than in C57Bl/6 mice and (to a lesser extent) humans. In contrast, the proportions of macrophages and B cells were lower in cynomolgus macaques than in C57Bl/6 mice. We also observed a higher proportion of CD34+CD45- cells (which predominantly correspond to mesenchymal stem cells) in C57Bl/6 mouse and cynomolgus macaques than in humans and both for subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Lastly, a microscopy analysis confirmed predominant proportion of adipocytes within adipose tissue, and highlighted a marked difference in adipocyte size among the three species studied. In conclusion, our study of lean, middle-aged, male individuals showed that the immune compartment of adipose tissue differed markedly in humans vs. mice, and suggesting the presence of a more inflammatory steady-state profile in humans than mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Laparra
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sabine Tricot
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mélanie Le Van
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderaouf Damouche
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bruno Vaslin
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Benoist
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphael Ho Tsong Fang
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Bosquet
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Åkra S, Aksnes TA, Flaa A, Eggesbø HB, Opstad TB, Njerve IU, Seljeflot I. Interleukin-18 and the NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome in adipose tissue are strongly associated with glucometabolic variables in a cohort of middle-aged men. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:458-464. [PMID: 29972041 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118785307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated an association between interleukin-18 and glucose. Interleukin-18 becomes active when cleaved by caspase-1, activated by the NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome. AIM To investigate associations between glucometabolic variables and serum levels of interleukin-18 and genetic expression of interleukin-18, caspase-1 and NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 in adipose tissue and circulating leukocytes, and whether these mediators are related to the amount of abdominal adipose tissue . MATERIALS AND METHODS Fasting blood samples and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected in a cohort of 103 middle-aged men. Serum levels of interleukin-18 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction and insulin sensitivity by glucose clamp. The distribution of abdominal adipose tissue, separated into superficial- and deep subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue, was assessed by computed tomography scan. RESULTS Glucometabolic variables correlated significantly to serum levels of interleukin-18, and to the expression of interleukin-18 and NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue ( p < 0.05). Significant correlations were further observed between the amount of fat in the different compartments of abdominal adipose tissue and both serum levels of interleukin-18 and genetic expression of interleukin-18 and NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION The results implicate that the glucometabolic state is of importance for the inflammasome-related inflammation expressed both circulatory and genetically in subcutaneous adipose tissue, the latter highly reflected in the amount of abdominal adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Åkra
- 1 Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje A Aksnes
- 2 Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- 3 Section for Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart-, Lung-, and Vascular-Disease Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnljot Flaa
- 2 Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi B Eggesbø
- 5 Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Baur Opstad
- 1 Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- 6 Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida U Njerve
- 1 Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- 1 Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- 6 Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Sack MN. Mitochondrial fidelity and metabolic agility control immune cell fate and function. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3651-3661. [PMID: 30059015 DOI: 10.1172/jci120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role in regulating immune cell fate, proliferation, and activity. Furthermore, given their bacterial ancestry, disruption in mitochondrial fidelity leading to extravasation of their content initiates and amplifies innate immune surveillance with a myriad of physiologic and pathologic consequences. Investigations into the role of mitochondria in the immune system have come to the fore, and appreciation of mitochondrial function and quality control in immune regulation has enhanced our understanding of disease pathogenesis and identified new targets for immune modulation. This mitochondria-centered Review focuses on the role of mitochondrial metabolism and fidelity, as well as the role of the mitochondria as a structural platform, for the control of immune cell polarity, activation, and signaling. Mitochondria-linked disease and mitochondrially targeted therapeutic strategies to manage these conditions are also discussed.
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37
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Wu D, Yan ZB, Cheng YG, Zhong MW, Liu SZ, Zhang GY, Hu SY. Deactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in infiltrating macrophages by duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery mediates improvement of beta cell function in type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2018; 81:1-12. [PMID: 29129820 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery could improve pancreatic beta cell function, thereby leading to the remission of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the specific mechanism underlying this phenomenon is yet to be revealed. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in infiltrating macrophages plays an important role in the modulation of beta cell function after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery. METHODS DJB and sham surgery were performed in diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Body weight, food intake, and glucose tolerance test (GTT) were measured at indicated time points. Apoptosis of the beta cells was measured by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. We also assessed the macrophage content and NLRP3 expression in the rat model. Furthermore, macrophage reconstitution was performed after DJB surgery. Beta cell function and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway were re-evaluated in wild-type macrophage reconstitution group and NLRP3-knockdown macrophage reconstitution group. RESULTS DJB surgery group rats displayed rapid and sustained improvement in glucose tolerance. Decreased apoptosis and improved secretion function of the beta cells were observed in DJB surgery group. NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in infiltrating macrophages was also suppressed after DJB surgery. Moreover, diabetic remission acquired by DJB sustained in NLRP3-knockdown macrophage reconstitution group, while extinguished in group reconstituted with wild-type macrophage. CONCLUSIONS NLRP3 inflammasome deactivation in infiltrating macrophages is involved in marked beta cell function improvement after DJB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bo Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yu-Gang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Ming-Wei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Shao-Zhuang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Guang-Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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38
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Integrated Immunomodulatory Mechanisms through which Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Obese Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121289. [PMID: 29186929 PMCID: PMC5748740 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health concern with rising prevalence that increases the risk of developing other chronic diseases. A causal link connecting overnutrition, the development of obesity and obesity-associated co-morbidities is visceral adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, characterized by changes in the cellularity of various immune cell populations, altered production of inflammatory adipokines that sustain a chronic state of low-grade inflammation and, ultimately, dysregulated AT metabolic function. Therefore, dietary intervention strategies aimed to halt the progression of obese AT dysfunction through any of the aforementioned processes represent an important active area of research. In this connection, fish oil-derived dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been demonstrated to attenuate obese AT dysfunction through multiple mechanisms, ultimately affecting AT immune cellularity and function, adipokine production, and metabolic signaling pathways, all of which will be discussed herein.
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Rheinheimer J, de Souza BM, Cardoso NS, Bauer AC, Crispim D. Current role of the NLRP3 inflammasome on obesity and insulin resistance: A systematic review. Metabolism 2017; 74:1-9. [PMID: 28764843 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation seems to be a culprit behind the chronic inflammation characteristic of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Nutrient excess generates danger-associated molecules that activate NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase 1, leading to maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, which are proinflammatory cytokines released by immune cells infiltrating the adipose tissue (AT) from obese subjects. Although several studies have reported an association of the NLRP3 inflammasome with obesity and/or IR; contradictory results were also reported by other studies. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize results of studies that evaluated the association of the NLRP3 with obesity and IR. Nineteen studies were included in the review. These studies focused on NLRP3 expression/polymorphism analyses in AT. Overall, human studies indicate that obesity and IR are associated with increased NLRP3 expression in AT. Studies in obese mice corroborate this association. Moreover, high fat diet (HFD) increases Nlrp3 expression in murine AT while calorie-restricted diet decreases its expression. Hence, Nlrp3 blockade in mice protects against HFD-induced obesity and IR. NLRP3 rs10754558 polymorphism is associated with risk for T2DM in Chinese Han populations. In conclusion, available studies strongly points for an association between NLRP3 inflammasome and obesity/IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline Rheinheimer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bianca M de Souza
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natali S Cardoso
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Bauer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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40
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Damouche A, Pourcher G, Pourcher V, Benoist S, Busson E, Lataillade JJ, Le Van M, Lazure T, Adam J, Favier B, Vaslin B, Müller-Trutwin M, Lambotte O, Bourgeois C. High proportion of PD-1-expressing CD4 + T cells in adipose tissue constitutes an immunomodulatory microenvironment that may support HIV persistence. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:2113-2123. [PMID: 28762530 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We and others have demonstrated that adipose tissue is a reservoir for HIV. Evaluation of the mechanisms responsible for viral persistence may lead to ways of reducing these reservoirs. Here, we evaluated the immune characteristics of adipose tissue in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in non-HIV-infected patients. We notably sought to determine whether adipose tissue's intrinsic properties and/or HIV induced alteration of the tissue environment may favour viral persistence. ART-controlled HIV infection was associated with a difference in the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio and an elevated proportion of Treg cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue. No changes in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell proportions or activation markers expression on T cell (Ki-67, HLA-DR) could be detected, and the percentage of CD69-expressing resident memory CD4+ T cells was not affected. Overall, our results indicate that adipose-tissue-resident CD4+ T cells are not extensively activated during HIV infection. PD-1 was expressed by a high proportion of tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells in both HIV-infected patients and non-HIV-infected patients. Our findings suggest that adipose tissue's intrinsic immunomodulatory properties may limit immune activation and thus may strongly contribute to viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderaouf Damouche
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Guillaume Pourcher
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Obesity center, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris-sud University, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pourcher
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, France
| | - Stéphane Benoist
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elodie Busson
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Mélanie Le Van
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thierry Lazure
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'anatomo-pathologie, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Plateforme d'évaluation préclinique, Villejuif, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bruno Vaslin
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Olivier Lambotte
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie clinique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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41
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Central Modulation of Neuroinflammation by Neuropeptides and Energy-Sensing Hormones during Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7949582. [PMID: 28913358 PMCID: PMC5587954 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7949582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) senses energy homeostasis by integrating both peripheral and autonomic signals and responding to them by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides release. Although it is previously considered an immunologically privileged organ, we now know that this is not so. Cells belonging to the immune system, such as B and T lymphocytes, can be recruited into the CNS to face damage or infection, in addition to possessing resident immunological cells, called microglia. In this way, positive energy balance during obesity promotes an inflammatory state in the CNS. Saturated fatty acids from the diet have been pointed out as powerful candidates to trigger immune response in peripheral system and in the CNS. However, how central immunity communicates to peripheral immune response remains to be clarified. Recently there has been a great interest in the neuropeptides, POMC derived peptides, ghrelin, and leptin, due to their capacity to suppress or induce inflammatory responses in the brain, respectively. These may be potential candidates to treat different pathologies associated with autoimmunity and inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the role of lipotoxicity associated with positive energy balance during obesity in proinflammatory response in microglia, B and T lymphocytes, and its modulation by neuropeptides.
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42
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Traba J, Geiger SS, Kwarteng-Siaw M, Han K, Ra OH, Siegel RM, Gius D, Sack MN. Prolonged fasting suppresses mitochondrial NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation via SIRT3-mediated activation of superoxide dismutase 2. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12153-12164. [PMID: 28584055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four hours of fasting is known to blunt activation of the human NLRP3 inflammasome. This effect might be mediated by SIRT3 activation, controlling mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. To characterize the molecular underpinnings of this fasting effect, we comparatively analyzed the NLRP3 inflammasome response to nutrient deprivation in wild-type and SIRT3 knock-out mice. Consistent with previous findings for human NLRP3, prolonged fasting blunted the inflammasome in wild-type mice but not in SIRT3 knock-out mice. In SIRT3 knock-out bone marrow-derived macrophages, NLRP3 activation promoted excess cytosolic extrusion of mitochondrial DNA along with increased reactive oxygen species and reduced superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity. Interestingly, the negative regulatory effect of SIRT3 on NLRP3 was not due to transcriptional control or priming of canonical inflammasome components but, rather, occurred via SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of mitochondrial SOD2, leading to SOD2 activation. We also found that siRNA knockdown of SIRT3 or SOD2 increased NLRP3 supercomplex formation and activation. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type and constitutively active SOD2 similarly blunted inflammasome assembly and activation, effects that were abrogated by acetylation mimic-modified SOD2. Finally, in vivo administration of lipopolysaccharide increased liver injury and the levels of peritoneal macrophage cytokines, including IL-1β, in SIRT3 KO mice. These results support the emerging concept that enhancing mitochondrial resilience against damage-associated molecular patterns may play a pivotal role in preventing inflammation and that the anti-inflammatory effect of fasting-mimetic diets may be mediated, in part, through SIRT3-directed blunting of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sarah S Geiger
- Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Miriam Kwarteng-Siaw
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kim Han
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - One Hyuk Ra
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David Gius
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Michael N Sack
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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Rahamon SK, Fabian UA, Charles-Davies MA, Olaniyi JA, Fasanmade AA, Akinlade KS, Oyewole OE, Owolabi MO, Adebusuyi JR, Hassan OO, Ajobo BM, Ebesunun MO, Adigun K, Popoola OO, Omiyale W, Arinola OG, Agbedana EO. Changes in mediators of inflammation and pro-thrombosis after 12 months of dietary modification in adults with metabolic syndrome. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:453-462. [PMID: 29062341 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of a 12-month dietary modification on indices of inflammation and pro-thrombosis in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This longitudinal study involved 252 adults with MS recruited from the Bodija market, Ibadan and its environs. Participants were placed on 20%, 30% and 50% calories obtained from protein, total fat and carbohydrate respectively and were followed up monthly for 12 months. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured using standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)], interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using spectrophotometric methods and ELISA as appropriate. Data was analysed using ANCOVA, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS After 6 months of dietary modification, there was a significant reduction in waist circumference (WC), while the levels of HDL-C, fibrinogen and PAI-1 were significantly increased when compared with the corresponding baseline values. However, WC and fibrinogen reduced significantly, while HDL-C and IL-10 significantly increased after 12 months of dietary modification as compared with the respective baseline values. CONCLUSION Long-term regular dietary modification may be beneficial in ameliorating inflammation and pro-thrombosis in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Rahamon
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - U A Fabian
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M A Charles-Davies
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J A Olaniyi
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A A Fasanmade
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - K S Akinlade
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O E Oyewole
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M O Owolabi
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J R Adebusuyi
- Department of Medical Social Services, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O O Hassan
- Department of Medical Social Services, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - B M Ajobo
- Dietetics Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M O Ebesunun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - K Adigun
- Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O O Popoola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - W Omiyale
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O G Arinola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E O Agbedana
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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44
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Role of immune cells in obesity induced low grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Cell Immunol 2017; 315:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Traba J, Sack MN. The role of caloric load and mitochondrial homeostasis in the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1777-1791. [PMID: 27942750 PMCID: PMC5391300 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sterile inflammation is a cornerstone of immune activation in obesity and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The molecular underpinnings of this inflammation include nutrient excess-mediated activation of the innate immune NLRP3 inflammasome. At the same time, disruption of mitochondrial integrity is emerging as an integral control node in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and is also associated with caloric overload conditions including obesity and diabetes. Conversely, caloric restriction and fasting mimetic interventions alleviate these caloric excess-linked diseases and reduce inflammation and the NLRP3 inflammasome. The objective of this review is to integrate the findings linking mitochondrial integrity to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and to evaluate how caloric restriction or caloric restriction mimetic compounds may play a role in attenuating the NLRP3 inflammasome and sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, 10-CRC, Room 5-3150, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1454, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, 10-CRC, Room 5-3150, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1454, USA.
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46
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Kim DH, Kim SM, Lee B, Lee EK, Chung KW, Moon KM, An HJ, Kim KM, Yu BP, Chung HY. Effect of betaine on hepatic insulin resistance through FOXO1-induced NLRP3 inflammasome. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:104-114. [PMID: 28499186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we attempted to elucidate whether molecular modulation of inflammation by betaine through the forkhead box O1 (FOXO1)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome improves insulin resistance. Betaine is a major water-soluble component of Lycium chinense. It mainly functions as an oxidative metabolite of choline by suppressing superoxide-induced free radicals by donating methyl groups. The FOXO1 transcription factor regulates various genes involved in cellular metabolic processes related to cell death as well as oxidative stress responses through binding to the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Betaine is known to inhibit FOXO1 phosphorylation through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) in liver cells exposed to insulin. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of inactivation of insulin-induced FOXO1 by the antioxidant betaine, we used HepG2 cells and the liver of db/db mice treated with betaine at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks. We found that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome genes was reduced by betaine, which resulted in the suppression of reactive species (RS) production in liver cells. In addition, betaine inhibited insulin-induced PI3K/AKT and FOXO1 activation. Therefore, betaine suppressed the cytokine interleukin-1β production by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via interaction of FOXO1 and TXNIP. Our results suggest that betaine inhibits the FOXO1 binding to TXNIP, leading to the suppression of RS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a diabetic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Moon
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin An
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Chronic inflammatory state in obesity causes dysregulation of the endocrine and paracrine actions of adipocyte-derived factors, which disrupt vascular homeostasis and contribute to endothelial vasodilator dysfunction and subsequent hypertension. While normal healthy perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) ensures the dilation of blood vessels, obesity-associated PVAT leads to a change in profile of the released adipo-cytokines, resulting in a decreased vasorelaxing effect. Adipose tissue inflammation, nitric oxide (NO)-bioavailability, insulin resistance and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) are main participating factors in endothelial dysfunction of obesity. In this chapter, disruption of inter-endothelial junctions between endothelial cells, significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation mediators, which are originated from inflamed endothelial cells, the balance between NO synthesis and ROS , insulin signaling and NO production, and decrease in L-arginine/endogenous asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) ratio are discussed in connection with endothelial dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- , Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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48
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The Pathogenesis of Obesity-Associated Adipose Tissue Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:221-245. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Chiazza F, Couturier-Maillard A, Benetti E, Mastrocola R, Nigro D, Cutrin JC, Serpe L, Aragno M, Fantozzi R, Ryffel B, Thiemermann C, Collino M. Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome to Reduce Diet-Induced Metabolic Abnormalities in Mice. Mol Med 2016; 21:1025-1037. [PMID: 26623925 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the molecular links underlying the causative relationship between chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance are not completely understood, compelling evidence suggests a pivotal role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Here we tested the hypothesis that either a selective pharmacological inhibition or a genetic downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in reduction of the diet-induced metabolic alterations. Male C57/BL6 wild-type mice and NLRP3-/- littermates were fed control diet or high-fat, high-fructose diet (HD). A subgroup of HD-fed wild-type mice was treated with the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor BAY 11-7082 (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally [IP]). HD feeding increased plasma and hepatic lipids and impaired glucose homeostasis and renal function. Renal and hepatic injury was associated with robust increases in profibrogenic markers, while only minimal fibrosis was recorded. None of these metabolic abnormalities were detected in HD-fed NLRP3-/- mice, and they were dramatically reduced in HD-mice treated with the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. BAY 11-7082 also attenuated the diet-induced increase in NLRP3 inflammasome expression, resulting in inhibition of caspase-1 activation and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 production (in liver and kidney). Interestingly, BAY 11-7082, but not gene silencing, inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-κB nuclear translocation. Overall, these results demonstrate that the selective pharmacological modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome attenuates the metabolic abnormalities and the related organ injury/dysfunction caused by chronic exposure to HD, with effects similar to those obtained by NLRP3 gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Chiazza
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Aurélie Couturier-Maillard
- CNRS, UMR7355 INEM, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mastrocola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Juan C Cutrin
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy.,ININCA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universià di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Fantozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernard Ryffel
- CNRS, UMR7355 INEM, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Collino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
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50
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Kursawe R, Dixit VD, Scherer PE, Santoro N, Narayan D, Gordillo R, Giannini C, Lopez X, Pierpont B, Nouws J, Shulman GI, Caprio S. A Role of the Inflammasome in the Low Storage Capacity of the Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Adolescents. Diabetes 2016; 65:610-8. [PMID: 26718495 PMCID: PMC4764142 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune cell sensor leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome controls the activation of caspase-1, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that adipose tissue inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome are linked to the downregulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) adipogenesis/lipogenesis in obese adolescents with altered abdominal fat partitioning. We performed abdominal SAT biopsies on 58 obese adolescents and grouped them by MRI-derived visceral fat to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plus SAT (VAT/VAT+SAT) ratio (cutoff 0.11). Adolescents with a high VAT/VAT+SAT ratio showed higher SAT macrophage infiltration and higher expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes (i.e., TLR4, NLRP3, IL1B, and CASP1). The increase in inflammation markers was paralleled by a decrease in genes related to insulin sensitivity (ADIPOQ, GLUT4, PPARG2, and SIRT1) and lipogenesis (SREBP1c, ACC, LPL, and FASN). Furthermore, SAT ceramide concentrations correlated with the expression of CASP1 and IL1B. Infiltration of macrophages and upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome together with the associated high ceramide content in the plasma and SAT of obese adolescents with a high VAT/VAT+SAT may contribute to the limited expansion of the subcutaneous abdominal adipose depot and the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Kursawe
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Vishwa D Dixit
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Deepak Narayan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ximena Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Bridget Pierpont
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jessica Nouws
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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