1
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Zhang Y, Leung AK, Kang JJ, Sun Y, Wu G, Li L, Sun J, Cheng L, Qiu T, Zhang J, Wierbowski S, Gupta S, Booth J, Yu H. A multiscale functional map of somatic mutations in cancer integrating protein structure and network topology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.06.531441. [PMID: 36945530 PMCID: PMC10028849 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A major goal of cancer biology is to understand the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis driven by somatically acquired mutations. Two distinct types of computational methodologies have emerged: one focuses on analyzing clustering of mutations within protein sequences and 3D structures, while the other characterizes mutations by leveraging the topology of protein-protein interaction network. Their insights are largely non-overlapping, offering complementary strengths. Here, we established a unified, end-to-end 3D structurally-informed protein interaction network propagation framework, NetFlow3D, that systematically maps the multiscale mechanistic effects of somatic mutations in cancer. The establishment of NetFlow3D hinges upon the Human Protein Structurome, a comprehensive repository we compiled that incorporates the 3D structures of every single protein as well as the binding interfaces of all known protein interactions in humans. NetFlow3D leverages the Structurome to integrate information across atomic, residue, protein and network levels: It conducts 3D clustering of mutations across atomic and residue levels on protein structures to identify potential driver mutations. It then anisotropically propagates their impacts across the protein interaction network, with propagation guided by the specific 3D structural interfaces involved, to identify significantly interconnected network "modules", thereby uncovering key biological processes underlying disease etiology. Applied to 1,038,899 somatic protein-altering mutations in 9,946 TCGA tumors across 33 cancer types, NetFlow3D identified 1,4444 significant 3D clusters throughout the Human Protein Structurome, of which ~55% would not have been found if using only experimentally-determined structures. It then identified 26 significantly interconnected modules that encompass ~8-fold more proteins than applying standard network analyses. NetFlow3D and our pan-cancer results can be accessed from http://netflow3d.yulab.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Alden K. Leung
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Jin Joo Kang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Guanxi Wu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Le Li
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Jiayang Sun
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Lily Cheng
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Tian Qiu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Junke Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Shayne Wierbowski
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Shagun Gupta
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - James Booth
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, 14853, USA
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2
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Pathak R, Esnault C, Radhakrishnan R, Singh PK, Zhang H, Dale R, Anand A, Bedwell GJ, Engelman AN, Rabi A, Hormoz S, Singh P, Levin HL. The role of LEDGF in transcription is exploited by HIV-1 to position integration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.29.601340. [PMID: 39005447 PMCID: PMC11244883 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.29.601340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
HIV-1 integration occurs across actively transcribed genes due to the interaction of integrase with host chromatin factor LEDGF. Although LEDGF was originally isolated as a co-activator that stimulates promoter activity in purified systems, this role is inconsistent with LEDGF-mediated integration across gene bodies and with data indicating LEDGF is a histone chaperone that promotes transcriptional elongation. We found LEDGF is enriched in pronounced peaks that match the enrichments of H3K4me3 and RNA Pol II at transcription start sites (TSSs) of active promoters. Our genome-wide chromatin mapping revealed that MLL1 had a dominant role in recruiting LEDGF to promoters and the presence of LEDGF recruits RNA Pol II. Enrichment of LEDGF at TSSs correlates strongly with levels of integration across the transcribed sequences, indicating that LEDGF at TSSs contributed to integration across gene bodies. Although the N-terminal Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (PWWP) domain of LEDGF interacts with nucleosomes containing H3K36me3, a modification thought to recruit LEDGF to chromatin, we found H3K36me3 does not contribute to gene specificity of integration. These data support a dual role model of LEDGF where it is tethered to promoters by MLL1 and recruits RNA Pol II. Subsequently, LEDGF travels across genes to effect HIV-1 integration. Our data also provides a mechanistic context for the contribution made by LEDGF to MLL1-based infant acute leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia in adults.
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3
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Choi J, Lee H. MLL1 histone methyltransferase and UTX histone demethylase functionally cooperate to regulate the expression of NRF2 in response to ROS-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 217:48-59. [PMID: 38527695 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 plays a pivotal role in maintaining redox and metabolic homeostasis by orchestrating oxidative stress-dependent transcription programs. Despite growing evidence implicating various cellular components in the regulation of NRF2 activity at the posttranslational stage, relatively less is known about the factors dictating the transcriptional activation of NRF2 in response to oxidative stress. In this study, we report the crucial roles of MLL1, an H3K4-specific methyltransferase, and UTX, an H3K27-specific histone demethylase, in the NRF2-dependent transcription program under oxidative stress. We find that the depletion of MLL1 or UTX results in increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, accompanied by higher intracellular ROS and the failed activation of antioxidant genes, including NRF2. In addition, MLL1 and UTX selectively target the NRF2 promoter, and exogenous FLAG-NRF2 expression increases the viability of MLL1-or UTX-depleted cells upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide. RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that depletion of MLL1 or UTX affects the changes in NRF2-dependent transcriptome in response to oxidative stress. Furthermore, ChIP and ChIP-seq analyses find that MLL1 and UTX functionally cooperate to establish a chromatin environment that favors active transcription at the H3K4me3/H3K27me3 bivalent NRF2 promoter in response to ROS-induced oxidative stress. Collectively, these findings provide a molecular mechanism underlying the cellular response to oxidative stress and highlight the importance of the chromatin structure and function in maintaining redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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4
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Bai H, Yang Z, Lei H, Wu Y, Liu J, Yuan B, Ma M, Gao L, Zhang SQ, Xin M. Discovery of novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potent menin-mixed lineage leukemia interaction inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116226. [PMID: 38367493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
To interfere the Menin-MLL interaction using small molecular inhibitors has been shown as new treatment of several special hematological malignancies. Herein, a series of Menin-MLL interaction inhibitors with pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated. Among them, compound A6 exhibited potent binding affinity with an IC50 value of 0.38 μM, and strong anti-proliferative activity against MV4-11 cells with an IC50 value of 1.07 μM. Further study showed A6 reduced the transcriptional levels of HOXA9 and MEIS1 genes. Moreover, A6 induced cellular apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and reversed the differentiation arrest in a concentration-dependent manner. This study suggested compound A6 was as a novel potent Menin-MLL interaction inhibitor, and it proved that introduction of 4-amino pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine to occupy the P10 hydrophobic pocket was new idea for design of novel Menin-MLL interaction inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanrong Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yujie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Mengyan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Minhang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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5
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Wenge DV, Armstrong SA. The future of HOXA- expressing leukemias: Menin inhibitor response and resistance. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:64-70. [PMID: 38010951 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We provide an update on the successes and ongoing challenges of Menin inhibition as a novel approach for the treatment of patients with acute leukemias that express HOXA cluster genes including leukemias with KMT2A -rearrangements, NPM1 mutations or NUP98 -rearrangements. Initial clinical trials show promising response rates in heavily pretreated patients suggesting these inhibitors may have a significant impact on patient outcome. Furthermore, the development of resistance mutations that decrease drug binding affinity, validates Menin as a therapeutic target in human cancers. Therapeutic strategies aiming at overcoming and preventing resistance, are of high clinical relevance. RECENT FINDINGS Several Menin inhibitor chemotypes have entered clinical trials. Acquired point mutations have recently been described as a mechanism of resistance towards Menin inhibitors. However, resistance can develop in absence of these mutations. Combination therapies are currently being investigated in preclinical models and in early phase clinical trials. SUMMARY Given the remarkable overall response rates, shedding light on treatment options for patients whose leukemias develop resistance to Menin inhibitors is an imminent clinical need. Studying the underlying mechanisms to inform clinical decision making, and to potentially prevent the development of resistance is of outmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V Wenge
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Wang J, Chen Y, Xiao Z, Liu X, Liu C, Huang K, Chen H. Phase Separation of Chromatin Structure-related Biomolecules: A Driving Force for Epigenetic Regulations. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:553-566. [PMID: 38551058 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037296216240301074253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Intracellularly, membrane-less organelles are formed by spontaneous fusion and fission of macro-molecules in a process called phase separation, which plays an essential role in cellular activities. In certain disease states, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, aberrant phase separations take place and participate in disease progression. Chromatin structure-related proteins, based on their characteristics and upon external stimuli, phase separate to exert functions like genome assembly, transcription regulation, and signal transduction. Moreover, many chromatin structure-related proteins, such as histones, histone-modifying enzymes, DNA-modifying enzymes, and DNA methylation binding proteins, are involved in epigenetic regulations through phase separation. This review introduces phase separation and how phase separation affects epigenetics with a focus on chromatin structure-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zixuan Xiao
- ISA Wenhua Wuhan High School, Fenglin Road, Junshan New Town, Wuhan Economics & Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430119, China
| | - Xikai Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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7
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Kreissig S, Windisch R, Wichmann C. Deciphering Acute Myeloid Leukemia Associated Transcription Factors in Human Primary CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2023; 13:78. [PMID: 38201282 PMCID: PMC10777941 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemato-oncological diseases account for nearly 10% of all malignancies and can be classified into leukemia, lymphoma, myeloproliferative diseases, and myelodysplastic syndromes. The causes and prognosis of these disease entities are highly variable. Most entities are not permanently controllable and ultimately lead to the patient's death. At the molecular level, recurrent mutations including chromosomal translocations initiate the transformation from normal stem-/progenitor cells into malignant blasts finally floating the patient's bone marrow and blood system. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the so-called master transcription factors such as RUNX1, KMT2A, and HOX are frequently disrupted by chromosomal translocations, resulting in neomorphic oncogenic fusion genes. Triggering ex vivo expansion of primary human CD34+ stem/progenitor cells represents a distinct characteristic of such chimeric AML transcription factors. Regarding oncogenic mechanisms of AML, most studies focus on murine models. However, due to biological differences between mice and humans, findings are only partly transferable. This review focuses on the genetic manipulation of human CD34+ primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from healthy donors to model acute myeloid leukemia cell growth. Analysis of defined single- or multi-hit human cellular AML models will elucidate molecular mechanisms of the development, maintenance, and potential molecular intervention strategies to counteract malignant human AML blast cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.K.)
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8
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Teuscher KB, Mills JJ, Tian J, Han C, Meyers KM, Sai J, South TM, Crow MM, Van Meveren M, Sensintaffar JL, Zhao B, Amporndanai K, Moore WJ, Stott GM, Tansey WP, Lee T, Fesik SW. Structure-Based Discovery of Potent, Orally Bioavailable Benzoxazepinone-Based WD Repeat Domain 5 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16783-16806. [PMID: 38085679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin-associated protein WDR5 (WD repeat domain 5) is an essential cofactor for MYC and a conserved regulator of ribosome protein gene transcription. It is also a high-profile target for anti-cancer drug discovery, with proposed utility against both solid and hematological malignancies. We have previously discovered potent dihydroisoquinolinone-based WDR5 WIN-site inhibitors with demonstrated efficacy and safety in animal models. In this study, we sought to optimize the bicyclic core to discover a novel series of WDR5 WIN-site inhibitors with improved potency and physicochemical properties. We identified the 3,4-dihydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-5(2H)-one core as an alternative scaffold for potent WDR5 inhibitors. Additionally, we used X-ray structural analysis to design partially saturated bicyclic P7 units. These benzoxazepinone-based inhibitors exhibited increased cellular potency and selectivity and favorable physicochemical properties compared to our best-in-class dihydroisoquinolinone-based counterparts. This study opens avenues to discover more advanced WDR5 WIN-site inhibitors and supports their development as novel anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianhua Tian
- Molecular Design and Synthesis Center, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0142, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William J Moore
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Gordon M Stott
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21701-4907, United States
| | | | | | - Stephen W Fesik
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0142, United States
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9
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Deshpande N, Bryk M. Diverse and dynamic forms of gene regulation by the S. cerevisiae histone methyltransferase Set1. Curr Genet 2023; 69:91-114. [PMID: 37000206 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-023-01265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene transcription is an essential and highly regulated process. In eukaryotic cells, the structural organization of nucleosomes with DNA wrapped around histone proteins impedes transcription. Chromatin remodelers, transcription factors, co-activators, and histone-modifying enzymes work together to make DNA accessible to RNA polymerase. Histone lysine methylation can positively or negatively regulate gene transcription. Methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 by SET-domain-containing proteins is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. In higher eukaryotes, mutations in SET-domain proteins are associated with defects in the development and segmentation of embryos, skeletal and muscle development, and diseases, including several leukemias. Since histone methyltransferases are evolutionarily conserved, the mechanisms of gene regulation mediated by these enzymes are also conserved. Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model system to study the impact of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation on eukaryotic gene regulation. Unlike larger eukaryotes, yeast cells have only one enzyme that catalyzes H3K4 methylation, Set1. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the impact of Set1-catalyzed H3K4 methylation on gene transcription in S. cerevisiae. We describe the COMPASS complex, factors that influence H3K4 methylation, and the roles of Set1 in gene silencing at telomeres and heterochromatin, as well as repression and activation at euchromatic loci. We also discuss proteins that "read" H3K4 methyl marks to regulate transcription and summarize alternate functions for Set1 beyond H3K4 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Deshpande
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mary Bryk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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10
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Numata M, Haginoya N, Shiroishi M, Hirata T, Sato-Otsubo A, Yoshikawa K, Takata Y, Nagase R, Kashimoto Y, Suzuki M, Schulte N, Polier G, Kurimoto A, Tomoe Y, Toyota A, Yoneyama T, Imai E, Watanabe K, Hamada T, Kanada R, Watanabe J, Kagoshima Y, Tokumaru E, Murata K, Baba T, Shinozaki T, Ohtsuka M, Goto K, Karibe T, Deguchi T, Gocho Y, Yoshida M, Tomizawa D, Kato M, Tsutsumi S, Kitagawa M, Abe Y. A novel Menin-MLL1 inhibitor, DS-1594a, prevents the progression of acute leukemia with rearranged MLL1 or mutated NPM1. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:36. [PMID: 36841758 PMCID: PMC9960487 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed lineage leukemia 1-rearranged (MLL1-r) acute leukemia patients respond poorly to currently available treatments and there is a need to develop more effective therapies directly disrupting the Menin‒MLL1 complex. Small-molecule-mediated inhibition of the protein‒protein interaction between Menin and MLL1 fusion proteins is a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with MLL1-r or mutated-nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1c) acute leukemia. In this study, we preclinically evaluated the new compound DS-1594a and its salts. METHODS We evaluated the preclinical efficacy of DS-1594a as well as DS-1594a·HCl (the HCl salt of DS-1594a) and DS-1594a·succinate (the succinic acid salt of DS-1594a, DS-1594b) in vitro and in vivo using acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) models. RESULTS Our results showed that MLL1-r or NPM1c human leukemic cell lines were selectively and highly sensitive to DS-1594a·HCl, with 50% growth inhibition values < 30 nM. Compared with cytrabine, the standard chemotherapy drug as AML therapy, both DS-1594a·HCl and DS-1594a·succinate mediated the eradication of potential leukemia-initiating cells by enhancing differentiation and reducing serial colony-forming potential in MLL1-r AML cells in vitro. The results were confirmed by flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, RT‒qPCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses. DS-1594a·HCl and DS-1594a·succinate exhibited significant antitumor efficacy and survival benefit in MOLM-13 cell and patient-derived xenograft models of MLL1-r or NPM1c acute leukemia in vivo. CONCLUSION We have generated a novel, potent, orally available small-molecule inhibitor of the Menin-MLL1 interaction, DS-1594a. Our results suggest that DS-1594a has medicinal properties distinct from those of cytarabine and that DS-1594a has the potential to be a new anticancer therapy and support oral dosing regimen for clinical studies (NCT04752163).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Numata
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Noriyasu Haginoya
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Machiko Shiroishi
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirata
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Sato-Otsubo
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshikawa
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takata
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Reina Nagase
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kashimoto
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nina Schulte
- grid.488273.20000 0004 0623 5599Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Polier
- grid.488273.20000 0004 0623 5599Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Akiko Kurimoto
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Yumiko Tomoe
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Akiko Toyota
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoneyama
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Imai
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hamada
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kanada
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kagoshima
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Eri Tokumaru
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Kenji Murata
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Takayuki Baba
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Taeko Shinozaki
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Masami Ohtsuka
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Karibe
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Takao Deguchi
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Children’s Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Gocho
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Children’s Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshida
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Children’s Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Children’s Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsutsumi
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
| | - Mayumi Kitagawa
- Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005, Japan.
| | - Yuki Abe
- grid.410844.d0000 0004 4911 4738Shinagawa R&D Center, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-5 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 140-0005 Japan
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11
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Taspase1 Facilitates Topoisomerase IIβ-Mediated DNA Double-Strand Breaks Driving Estrogen-Induced Transcription. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030363. [PMID: 36766705 PMCID: PMC9913075 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human protease Taspase1 plays a pivotal role in developmental processes and cancerous diseases by processing critical regulators, such as the leukemia proto-oncoprotein MLL. Despite almost two decades of intense research, Taspase1's biology is, however, still poorly understood, and so far its cellular function was not assigned to a superordinate biological pathway or a specific signaling cascade. Our data, gained by methods such as co-immunoprecipitation, LC-MS/MS and Topoisomerase II DNA cleavage assays, now functionally link Taspase1 and hormone-induced, Topoisomerase IIβ-mediated transient DNA double-strand breaks, leading to active transcription. The specific interaction with Topoisomerase IIα enhances the formation of DNA double-strand breaks that are a key prerequisite for stimulus-driven gene transcription. Moreover, Taspase1 alters the H3K4 epigenetic signature upon estrogen-stimulation by cleaving the chromatin-modifying enzyme MLL. As estrogen-driven transcription and MLL-derived epigenetic labelling are reduced upon Taspase1 siRNA-mediated knockdown, we finally characterize Taspase1 as a multifunctional co-activator of estrogen-stimulated transcription.
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12
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Wen H, Shi X. Histone Readers and Their Roles in Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:245-272. [PMID: 38113004 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone proteins in eukaryotic cells are subjected to a wide variety of post-translational modifications, which are known to play an important role in the partitioning of the genome into distinctive compartments and domains. One of the major functions of histone modifications is to recruit reader proteins, which recognize the epigenetic marks and transduce the molecular signals in chromatin to downstream effects. Histone readers are defined protein domains with well-organized three-dimensional structures. In this Chapter, we will outline major histone readers, delineate their biochemical and structural features in histone recognition, and describe how dysregulation of histone readout leads to human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wen
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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13
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Ma X, Wei B, Wang E. Efficient incorporation of p-azido-l-phenylalanine into the protein using organic solvents. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 200:106158. [PMID: 36007861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Azide, the most used photo-crosslinking group, facilitates the analysis of protein structure and function. This group is particularly useful when photochemically label antibodies and examine protein-protein interactions. The use of the expanded genetic code technique allows the special labeling of the functional azide group in proteins by adding the unnatural amino acid (UAA), p-azido-l-phenylalanine (AzF), in response to the amber codon during translation. However, a low UAA uptake rate due to mass transfer resistance in the cell membrane may lead to the early termination of the full-length protein. This study reports a general method for the efficient in vivo incorporation of AzF into the target protein by improving cell permeability using organic solvents. As expected, the yield of the full-length protein was significantly increased, which indicated that the AzF uptake was greatly improved due to the addition of organic solvents. Our method can serve as a good reference for improving the genetic incorporation of other kinds of UAAs into proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Enlin Wang
- The College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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14
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Yuan Y, Du L, Tan R, Yu Y, Jiang J, Yao A, Luo J, Tang R, Xiao Y, Sun H. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of DOT1L Peptide Mimetics Targeting the Protein-Protein Interactions between DOT1L and MLL-AF9/MLL-ENL. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7770-7785. [PMID: 35612819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a previously identified DOT1L peptide mimetic (compound 3), a series of novel peptide mimetics were designed and synthesized. These compounds can potently bind to AF9 and ENL either in cell-free binding assays or in leukemia cells, and selectively inhibit the growth of leukemia cells containing mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion proteins. The most potent compound 12 exhibited comparable anticancer cellular activities to those of EPZ5676, a clinical stage enzymatic inhibitor of DOT1L in several leukemia cell lines containing MLL fusion proteins. Mechanism studies for compound 12 indicated that it did not affect the global methylation of H3K79 catalyzed by DOT1L but could effectively suppress the methylation of H3K79 at MLL fusion proteins targeted genes and inhibit the expressions of these genes. Our studies thus demonstrated that inhibiting the protein-protein interactions between DOT1L and MLL fusion proteins is a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of MLL rearranged leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rongliang Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Aihong Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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15
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Teuscher KB, Meyers KM, Wei Q, Mills JJ, Tian J, Alvarado J, Sai J, Van Meveren M, South TM, Rietz TA, Zhao B, Moore WJ, Stott GM, Tansey WP, Lee T, Fesik SW. Discovery of Potent Orally Bioavailable WD Repeat Domain 5 (WDR5) Inhibitors Using a Pharmacophore-Based Optimization. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6287-6312. [PMID: 35436124 PMCID: PMC10081510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) is a nuclear scaffolding protein that forms many biologically important multiprotein complexes. The WIN site of WDR5 represents a promising pharmacological target in a variety of human cancers. Here, we describe the optimization of our initial WDR5 WIN-site inhibitor using a structure-guided pharmacophore-based convergent strategy to improve its druglike properties and pharmacokinetic profile. The core of the previous lead remained constant while a focused SAR effort on the three pharmacophore units was combined to generate a new in vivo lead series. Importantly, this new series of compounds has picomolar binding affinity, improved cellular antiproliferative activity and selectivity, and increased kinetic aqueous solubility. They also exhibit a desirable oral pharmacokinetic profile with manageable intravenous clearance and high oral bioavailability. Thus, these new leads are useful probes toward studying the effects of WDR5 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William J Moore
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21701-4907, United States
| | - Gordon M Stott
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21701-4907, United States
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16
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Alexandrova E, Salvati A, Pecoraro G, Lamberti J, Melone V, Sellitto A, Rizzo F, Giurato G, Tarallo R, Nassa G, Weisz A. Histone Methyltransferase DOT1L as a Promising Epigenetic Target for Treatment of Solid Tumors. Front Genet 2022; 13:864612. [PMID: 35495127 PMCID: PMC9043692 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.864612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L (DOT1-like histone lysine methyltransferase) is responsible for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through specific methylation of lysine79 residue of histone H3 (H3K79) in actively transcribed genes. Its normal activity is crucial for embryonic development and adult tissues functions, whereas its aberrant functioning is known to contribute to leukemogenesis. DOT1L is the only lysine methyltransferase that does not contain a SET domain, which is a feature that allowed the development of selective DOT1L inhibitors that are currently investigated in Phase I clinical trials for cancer treatment. Recently, abnormal expression of this enzyme has been associated with poor survival and increased aggressiveness of several solid tumors. In this review evidences of aberrant DOT1L expression and activity in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon, and other solid tumors, and its relationships with biological and clinical behavior of the disease and response to therapies, are summarized. Current knowledge of the structural basis of DOT1L ability to regulate cell proliferation, invasion, plasticity and stemness, cell cycle progression, cell-to-cell signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and chemoresistance, through cooperation with several molecular partners including noncoding RNAs, is also reviewed. Finally, available options for the treatment of therapeutically challenging solid tumors by targeting DOT1L are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Medical Genomics Program and Division of Oncology, AOU “S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Jessica Lamberti
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Viola Melone
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Nassa, ; Alessandro Weisz,
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Medical Genomics Program and Division of Oncology, AOU “S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Nassa, ; Alessandro Weisz,
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17
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Castiglioni S, Di Fede E, Bernardelli C, Lettieri A, Parodi C, Grazioli P, Colombo EA, Ancona S, Milani D, Ottaviano E, Borghi E, Massa V, Ghelma F, Vignoli A, Lesma E, Gervasini C. KMT2A: Umbrella Gene for Multiple Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030514. [PMID: 35328068 PMCID: PMC8949091 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KMT2A (Lysine methyltransferase 2A) is a member of the epigenetic machinery, encoding a lysine methyltransferase responsible for the transcriptional activation through lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3K4) methylation. KMT2A has a crucial role in gene expression, thus it is associated to pathological conditions when found mutated. KMT2A germinal mutations are associated to Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome and also in patients with initial clinical diagnosis of several other chromatinopathies (i.e., Coffin–Siris syndromes, Kabuki syndrome, Cornelia De Lange syndrome, Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome), sharing an overlapping phenotype. On the other hand, KMT2A somatic mutations have been reported in several tumors, mainly blood malignancies. Due to its evolutionary conservation, the role of KMT2A in embryonic development, hematopoiesis and neurodevelopment has been explored in different animal models, and in recent decades, epigenetic treatments for disorders linked to KMT2A dysfunction have been extensively investigated. To note, pharmaceutical compounds acting on tumors characterized by KMT2A mutations have been formulated, and even nutritional interventions for chromatinopathies have become the object of study due to the role of microbiota in epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castiglioni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Fede
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Clara Bernardelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
- “Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Parodi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Silvia Ancona
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emerenziana Ottaviano
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
- “Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Ghelma
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
- Child NeuroPsychiatry Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Lesma
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (E.D.F.); (C.B.); (A.L.); (C.P.); (P.G.); (E.A.C.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (F.G.); (A.V.); (E.L.)
- “Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250-3230-28
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18
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Tran TM, Philipp J, Bassi JS, Nibber N, Draper JM, Lin TL, Palanichamy JK, Jaiswal AK, Silva O, Paing M, King J, Katzman S, Sanford JR, Rao DS. The RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 is critical for MLL-AF4-mediated leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2022; 36:68-79. [PMID: 34321607 PMCID: PMC8727287 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapeutic approaches, patients with MLL-rearranged leukemia still have poor outcomes. Here, we find that the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3, which is overexpressed in MLL-translocated leukemia, strongly amplifies MLL-Af4-mediated leukemogenesis. Deletion of Igf2bp3 significantly increases the survival of mice with MLL-Af4-driven leukemia and greatly attenuates disease, with a minimal impact on baseline hematopoiesis. At the cellular level, MLL-Af4 leukemia-initiating cells require Igf2bp3 for their function in leukemogenesis. At the molecular level, IGF2BP3 regulates a complex posttranscriptional operon governing leukemia cell survival and proliferation. IGF2BP3-targeted mRNA transcripts include important MLL-Af4-induced genes, such as those in the Hoxa locus, and the Ras signaling pathway. Targeting of transcripts by IGF2BP3 regulates both steady-state mRNA levels and, unexpectedly, pre-mRNA splicing. Together, our findings show that IGF2BP3 represents an attractive therapeutic target in this disease, providing important insights into mechanisms of posttranscriptional regulation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Tran
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Julia Philipp
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jaspal Singh Bassi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Neha Nibber
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jolene M Draper
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Tasha L Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jayanth Kumar Palanichamy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Oscar Silva
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - May Paing
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer King
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sol Katzman
- UCSC Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jeremy R Sanford
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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19
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Transcription factor MEF2D is required for the maintenance of MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4727-4740. [PMID: 34597364 PMCID: PMC8759131 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MEF2D is highly expressed in MLL-rearranged AML and required for leukemia development in vitro and in vivo. MEF2D suppresses CEBPE-mediated myeloid differentiation in AML.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with MLL-rearrangement (MLL-r) comprises ∼10% of all AML cases and portends poor outcomes. Much remains uncovered on how MLL-r AML drives leukemia development while preventing cells from normal myeloid differentiation. Here, we identified that transcription factor MEF2D is a super-enhancer-associated, highly expressed gene in MLL-r AML. Knockout of MEF2D profoundly impaired leukemia growth, induced myeloid differentiation, and delayed oncogenic progression in vivo. Mechanistically, MEF2D loss led to robust activation of a CEBPE-centered myeloid differentiation program in AML cells. Chromatin profiling revealed that MEF2D binds to and suppresses the chromatin accessibility of CEBPE cis-regulatory regions. In human acute leukemia samples, MEF2D expression showed a strong negative correlation with the expression of CEBPE. Depletion of CEBPE partially rescued the cell growth defect and myeloid cell differentiation induced by the loss of MEF2D. Lastly, we show that MEF2D is positively regulated by HOXA9, and downregulation of MEF2D is an important mechanism for DOT1L inhibitor-induced antileukemia effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that MEF2D plays a critical role in human MLL-r AML and uncover the MEF2D-CEBPE axis as a crucial transcriptional mechanism regulating leukemia cell self-renewal and differentiation block.
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20
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Chen X, Xu J, Wang X, Long G, You Q, Guo X. Targeting WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10537-10556. [PMID: 34283608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) is a member of the WD40 protein family, and it is widely involved in various biological activities and not limited to epigenetic regulation in vivo. WDR5 is also involved in the initiation and development of many diseases and plays a key role in these diseases. Since WDR5 was discovered, it has been suggested as a potential disease treatment target, and a large number of inhibitors targeting WDR5 have been discovered. In this review, we discussed the development of inhibitors targeting WDR5 over the years, and the biological mechanisms of these inhibitors based on previous mechanistic studies were explored. Finally, we describe the development potential of inhibitors targeting WDR5 and prospects for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xianghan Wang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guanlu Long
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoke Guo
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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Richter WF, Shah RN, Ruthenburg AJ. Non-canonical H3K79me2-dependent pathways promote the survival of MLL-rearranged leukemia. eLife 2021; 10:64960. [PMID: 34263728 PMCID: PMC8315800 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MLL-rearranged leukemia depends on H3K79 methylation. Depletion of this transcriptionally activating mark by DOT1L deletion or high concentrations of the inhibitor pinometostat downregulates HOXA9 and MEIS1, and consequently reduces leukemia survival. Yet, some MLL-rearranged leukemias are inexplicably susceptible to low-dose pinometostat, far below concentrations that downregulate this canonical proliferation pathway. In this context, we define alternative proliferation pathways that more directly derive from H3K79me2 loss. By ICeChIP-seq, H3K79me2 is markedly depleted at pinometostat-downregulated and MLL-fusion targets, with paradoxical increases of H3K4me3 and loss of H3K27me3. Although downregulation of polycomb components accounts for some of the proliferation defect, transcriptional downregulation of FLT3 is the major pathway. Loss-of-FLT3-function recapitulates the cytotoxicity and gene expression consequences of low-dose pinometostat, whereas overexpression of constitutively active STAT5A, a target of FLT3-ITD-signaling, largely rescues these defects. This pathway also depends on MLL1, indicating combinations of DOT1L, MLL1 and FLT3 inhibitors should be explored for treating FLT3-mutant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Richter
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Rohan N Shah
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Alexander J Ruthenburg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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22
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Histone H3Q5 serotonylation stabilizes H3K4 methylation and potentiates its readout. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016742118. [PMID: 33526675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016742118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonylation of glutamine 5 on histone H3 (H3Q5ser) was recently identified as a permissive posttranslational modification that coexists with adjacent lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). While the resulting dual modification, H3K4me3Q5ser, is enriched at regions of active gene expression in serotonergic neurons, the molecular outcome underlying H3K4me3-H3Q5ser crosstalk remains largely unexplored. Herein, we examine the impact of H3Q5ser on the readers, writers, and erasers of H3K4me3. All tested H3K4me3 readers retain binding to the H3K4me3Q5ser dual modification. Of note, the PHD finger of TAF3 favors H3K4me3Q5ser, and this binding preference is dependent on the Q5ser modification regardless of H3K4 methylation states. While the activity of the H3K4 methyltransferase, MLL1, is unaffected by H3Q5ser, the corresponding H3K4me3/2 erasers, KDM5B/C and LSD1, are profoundly inhibited by the presence of the mark. Collectively, this work suggests that adjacent H3Q5ser potentiates H3K4me3 function by either stabilizing H3K4me3 from dynamic turnover or enhancing its physical readout by downstream effectors, thereby potentially providing a mechanism for fine-tuning critical gene expression programs.
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23
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Chen W, Chen X, Li D, Zhou J, Jiang Z, You Q, Guo X. Discovery of DDO-2213 as a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of the WDR5-Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 Protein-Protein Interaction for the Treatment of MLL Fusion Leukemia. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8221-8245. [PMID: 34105966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) is essential for the stability and methyltransferase activity of the mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) complex. Dysregulation of the MLL1 gene is associated with human acute leukemias, and the direct disruption of the WDR5-MLL1 protein-protein interaction (PPI) is emerging as an alternative strategy for MLL-rearranged cancers. Here, we represent a new aniline pyrimidine scaffold for WDR5-MLL1 inhibitors. A comprehensive structure-activity analysis identified a potent inhibitor 63 (DDO-2213), with an IC50 of 29 nM in a competitive fluorescence polarization assay and a Kd value of 72.9 nM for the WDR5 protein. Compound 63 selectively inhibited MLL histone methyltransferase activity and the proliferation of MLL translocation-harboring cells. Furthermore, 63 displayed good pharmacokinetic properties and suppressed the growth of MV4-11 xenograft tumors in mice after oral administration, first verifying the in vivo efficacy of targeting the WDR5-MLL1 PPI by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianrui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoke Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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24
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Quinlan RBA, Brennan PE. Chemogenomics for drug discovery: clinical molecules from open access chemical probes. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:759-795. [PMID: 34458810 PMCID: PMC8341094 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00016k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years chemical probes have proved valuable tools for the validation of disease-modifying targets, facilitating investigation of target function, safety, and translation. Whilst probes and drugs often differ in their properties, there is a belief that chemical probes are useful for translational studies and can accelerate the drug discovery process by providing a starting point for small molecule drugs. This review seeks to describe clinical candidates that have been inspired by, or derived from, chemical probes, and the process behind their development. By focusing primarily on examples of probes developed by the Structural Genomics Consortium, we examine a variety of epigenetic modulators along with other classes of probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B A Quinlan
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
- Alzheimer's Research (UK) Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
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25
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Inhibiting MLL1-WDR5 interaction ameliorates neuropathic allodynia by attenuating histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation-dependent spinal mGluR5 transcription. Pain 2021; 161:1995-2009. [PMID: 32345914 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1)-mediated histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) of a subset of genes has been linked to the transcriptional activation critical for synaptic plasticity, but its potential contribution to neuropathic allodynia development remains poorly explored. Here, we show that MLL1, which is induced in dorsal horn neuron after spinal nerve ligation (SNL), is responsible for mechanical allodynia and increased H3K4me3 at metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) promoter. Moreover, SNL induced WD (Trp-Asp) repeat domain 5 subunit (WDR5) expression as well as the MLL1-WDR5 interaction accompany with H3K4me3 enrichment and transcription of mGluR5 gene in the dorsal horn in neuropathic allodynia progression. Conversely, WDR5-0103, a novel inhibitor of the MLL1-WDR5 interaction, reversed SNL-induced allodynia and inhibited SNL-enhanced mGluR5 transcription/expression as well as MLL1, WDR5, and H3K4me3 at the mGluR5 promoter in the dorsal horn. Furthermore, disrupting the expression of MLL1 or WDR5 using small interfering RNA attenuated mechanical allodynia and reversed protein transcription/expression and complex localizing at mGluR5 promoter in the dorsal horn induced by SNL. This finding revealed that MLL1-WDR5 complex integrity regulates MLL1 and WDR5 recruitment to H3K4me3 enrichment at mGluR5 promoter in the dorsal horn underlying neuropathic allodynia. Collectively, our findings indicated that SNL enhances the MLL1-WDR5 complex, which facilitates MLL1 and WDR5 recruitment to H3K4me3 enrichment at mGluR5 promoter in spinal plasticity contributing to neuropathic allodynia pathogenesis.
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26
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An Original Complex Rearrangement Involving Chromosomes 9, 11, and 14, Harboring a Complex KMT2A Gene Rearrangement in an Infant With Mixed-phenotype Acute Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e371-e374. [PMID: 32134839 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
KMT2A gene rearrangements represent the most frequent group of abnormalities in childhood leukemia (~70% of cases), with over 120 rearrangements described. The investigation of KMT2A rearrangements is still a vast field to be explored. Several studies have been characterizing different outcomes and leukemogenic mechanisms, depending on the translocation partner gene involved in childhood KMT2A-r leukemias. Therefore, the detection of the translocation partner gene, including in the context of complex rearrangements, may help to better delineate the disease. Here, we describe clinical and molecular cytogenetic data of a new complex variant translocation, involving chromosomes 9, 11, and 14, presenting a KMT2A gene extra copy and rearrangements, in an infant with de novo mixed-phenotype acute leukemia.
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27
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Lloyd NR, Wuttke DS. Cyp33 binds AU-rich RNA motifs via an extended interface that competitively disrupts the gene repressive Cyp33-MLL1 interaction in vitro. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0237956. [PMID: 33606679 PMCID: PMC7894885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyp33 is an essential human cyclophilin prolyl isomerase that plays myriad roles in splicing and chromatin remodeling. In addition to a canonical cyclophilin (Cyp) domain, Cyp33 contains an RNA-recognition motif (RRM) domain, and RNA-binding triggers proline isomerase activity. One prominent role for Cyp33 is through a direct interaction with the mixed lineage leukemia protein 1 (MLL1, also known as KMT2A) complex, which is a histone methyltransferase that serves as a global regulator of human transcription. MLL activity is regulated by Cyp33, which isomerizes a key proline in the linker between the PHD3 and Bromo domains of MLL1, acting as a switch between gene activation and repression. The direct interaction between MLL1 and Cyp33 is critical, as deletion of the MLL1-PHD3 domain responsible for this interaction results in oncogenesis. The Cyp33 RRM is central to these activities, as it binds both the PHD3 domain and RNA. To better understand how RNA binding drives the action of Cyp33, we performed RNA-SELEX against full-length Cyp33 accompanied by deep sequencing. We have identified an enriched Cyp33 binding motif (AAUAAUAA) broadly represented in the cellular RNA pool as well as tightly binding RNA aptamers with affinities comparable and competitive with the Cyp33 MLL1-PHD3 interaction. RNA binding extends beyond the canonical RRM domain, but not to the Cyp domain, suggesting an indirect mechanism of interaction. NMR chemical shift mapping confirms an overlapping, but not identical, interface on Cyp33 for RNA and PHD3 binding. This finding suggests RNA can disrupt the gene repressive Cyp33-MLL1 complex providing another layer of regulation for chromatin remodeling by MLL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R. Lloyd
- Department of Biochemistry, UCB 596, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Deborah S. Wuttke
- Department of Biochemistry, UCB 596, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Nagel S, Pommerenke C, Meyer C, MacLeod RAF, Drexler HG. Aberrant expression of NKL homeobox genes HMX2 and HMX3 interferes with cell differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240120. [PMID: 33048949 PMCID: PMC7553312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The NKL-code describes normal expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes in hematopoiesis. Aberrant expression of NKL homeobox gene subclass members have been reported in several hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we analyzed the oncogenic role of the HMX-group of NKL homeobox genes in AML. Public expression profiling data–available for HMX1 and HMX2—indicate aberrant activity of HMX2 in circa 2% AML patients overall, rising to 31% in those with KMT2A/MLL rearrangements whereas HMX1 expression remains inconspicuous. AML cell lines EOL-1, MV4-11 and MOLM-13 expressed both, HMX2 and neighboring HMX3 genes, and harbored KMT2A aberrations, suggesting their potential functional association. Surprisingly, knockdown experiments in these cell lines demonstrated that KMT2A inhibited HMX2/3 which, in turn, did not regulate KMT2A expression. Furthermore, karyotyping and genomic profiling analysis excluded rearrangements of the HMX2/3 locus in these cell lines. However, comparative expression profiling and subsequent functional analyses revealed that IRF8, IL7- and WNT-signalling activated HMX2/3 expression while TNFa/NFkB- signalling proved inhibitory. Whole genome sequencing of EOL-1 identified two mutations in the regulatory upstream regions of HMX2/3 resulting in generation of a consensus ETS-site and transformation of a former NFkB-site into an SP1-site. Reporter-gene assays demonstrated that both mutations contributed to HMX2/3 activation, modifying ETS1/ELK1- and TNFalpha-mediated gene regulation. Moreover, DMSO-induced eosinophilic differentiation of EOL-1 cells coincided with HMX2/3 downregulation while knockdown of HMX2 induced cell differentiation, collectively supporting a fundamental role for these genes in myeloid differentiation arrest. Finally, target genes of HMX2/3 were identified in EOL-1 and included suppression of differentiation gene EPX, and activation of fusion gene FIP1L1-PDGFRA and receptor-encoding gene HTR7, both of which enhanced oncogenic ERK-signalling. Taken together, our study documents a leukemic role for deregulated NKL homeobox genes HMX2 and HMX3 in AML, revealing molecular mechanisms of myeloid differentiation arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A. F. MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G. Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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29
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Klossowski S, Miao H, Kempinska K, Wu T, Purohit T, Kim E, Linhares BM, Chen D, Jih G, Perkey E, Huang H, He M, Wen B, Wang Y, Yu K, Lee SCW, Danet-Desnoyers G, Trotman W, Kandarpa M, Cotton A, Abdel-Wahab O, Lei H, Dou Y, Guzman M, Peterson L, Gruber T, Choi S, Sun D, Ren P, Li LS, Liu Y, Burrows F, Maillard I, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. Menin inhibitor MI-3454 induces remission in MLL1-rearranged and NPM1-mutated models of leukemia. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:981-997. [PMID: 31855575 DOI: 10.1172/jci129126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein-protein interaction between menin and mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) plays a critical role in acute leukemias with translocations of the MLL1 gene or with mutations in the nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) gene. As a step toward clinical translation of menin-MLL1 inhibitors, we report development of MI-3454, a highly potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of the menin-MLL1 interaction. MI-3454 profoundly inhibited proliferation and induced differentiation in acute leukemia cells and primary patient samples with MLL1 translocations or NPM1 mutations. When applied as a single agent, MI-3454 induced complete remission or regression of leukemia in mouse models of MLL1-rearranged or NPM1-mutated leukemia, including patient-derived xenograft models, through downregulation of key genes involved in leukemogenesis. We also identified MEIS1 as a potential pharmacodynamic biomarker of treatment response with MI-3454 in leukemia, and demonstrated that this compound is well tolerated and did not impair normal hematopoiesis in mice. Overall, this study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, profound activity of the menin-MLL1 inhibitor as a single agent in clinically relevant PDX models of leukemia. These data provide a strong rationale for clinical translation of MI-3454 or its analogs for leukemia patients with MLL1 rearrangements or NPM1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Klossowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hongzhi Miao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Tao Wu
- Wellspring Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Trupta Purohit
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - EunGi Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian M Linhares
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Huang Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Miao He
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Wellspring Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ke Yu
- Wellspring Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Winifred Trotman
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Malathi Kandarpa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Hongwei Lei
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Luke Peterson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tanja Gruber
- Saint Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pingda Ren
- Wellspring Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Kura Oncology, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lian-Sheng Li
- Wellspring Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Wellspring Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Ivan Maillard
- Life Sciences Institute and.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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30
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Gažová I, Lefevre L, Bush SJ, Clohisey S, Arner E, de Hoon M, Severin J, van Duin L, Andersson R, Lengeling A, Hume DA, Summers KM. The Transcriptional Network That Controls Growth Arrest and Macrophage Differentiation in the Human Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line THP-1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:498. [PMID: 32719792 PMCID: PMC7347797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line THP-1 to phorbol esters has been widely studied to test candidate leukemia therapies and as a model of cell cycle arrest and monocyte-macrophage differentiation. Here we have employed Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) to analyze a dense time course of transcriptional regulation in THP-1 cells treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) over 96 h. PMA treatment greatly reduced the numbers of cells entering S phase and also blocked cells exiting G2/M. The PMA-treated cells became adherent and expression of mature macrophage-specific genes increased progressively over the duration of the time course. Within 1–2 h PMA induced known targets of tumor protein p53 (TP53), notably CDKN1A, followed by gradual down-regulation of cell-cycle associated genes. Also within the first 2 h, PMA induced immediate early genes including transcription factor genes encoding proteins implicated in macrophage differentiation (EGR2, JUN, MAFB) and down-regulated genes for transcription factors involved in immature myeloid cell proliferation (MYB, IRF8, GFI1). The dense time course revealed that the response to PMA was not linear and progressive. Rather, network-based clustering of the time course data highlighted a sequential cascade of transient up- and down-regulated expression of genes encoding feedback regulators, as well as transcription factors associated with macrophage differentiation and their inferred target genes. CAGE also identified known and candidate novel enhancers expressed in THP-1 cells and many novel inducible genes that currently lack functional annotation and/or had no previously known function in macrophages. The time course is available on the ZENBU platform allowing comparison to FANTOM4 and FANTOM5 data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Gažová
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Bush
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Clohisey
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Arner
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiel de Hoon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jessica Severin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Lucas van Duin
- Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin Andersson
- Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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31
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Khan H, Belwal T, Efferth T, Farooqi AA, Sanches-Silva A, Vacca RA, Nabavi SF, Khan F, Prasad Devkota H, Barreca D, Sureda A, Tejada S, Dacrema M, Daglia M, Suntar İ, Xu S, Ullah H, Battino M, Giampieri F, Nabavi SM. Targeting epigenetics in cancer: therapeutic potential of flavonoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1616-1639. [PMID: 32478608 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1763910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrespective of sex and age, cancer is the leading cause of mortality around the globe. Therapeutic incompliance, unwanted effects, and economic burdens imparted by cancer treatments, are primary health challenges. The heritable features in gene expression that are propagated through cell division and contribute to cellular identity without a change in DNA sequence are considered epigenetic characteristics and agents that could interfere with these features and are regarded as potential therapeutic targets. The genetic modification accounts for the recurrence and uncontrolled changes in the physiology of cancer cells. This review focuses on plant-derived flavonoids as a therapeutic tool for cancer, attributed to their ability for epigenetic regulation of cancer pathogenesis. The epigenetic mechanisms of various classes of flavonoids including flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins, such as cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin, are discussed. The outstanding results of preclinical studies encourage researchers to design several clinical trials on various flavonoids to ascertain their clinical strength in the treatment of different cancers. The results of such studies will define the clinical fate of these agents in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, Bari, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of neurophysiology, Biology Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - İpek Suntar
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Banday S, Farooq Z, Ganai SA, Altaf M. Therapeutic strategies against hDOT1L as a potential drug target in MLL-rearranged leukemias. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:73. [PMID: 32450905 PMCID: PMC7249331 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic intervention of proteins participating in chromatin-mediated signaling with small-molecules is a novel option to reprogram expression networks for restraining disease states. Protein methyltransferases form the prominent family of such proteins regulating gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms thereby representing novel targets for pharmacological intervention. Disruptor of telomeric silencing, hDot1L is the only non-SET domain containing histone methyltransferase that methylates histone H3 at lysine 79. H3K79 methylation mediated by hDot1L plays a crucial role in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) pathosis. MLL fusion protein mediated mistargeting of DOT1L to aberrant gene locations results in ectopic H3K79 methylation culminating in aberrant expression of leukemogenic genes like HOXA9 and MEIS1. hDOT1L has thus been proposed as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in MLL. This review presents the general overview of hDOT1L and its functional role in distinct biological processes. Furthermore, we discuss various therapeutic strategies against hDOT1L as a promising drug target to vanquish therapeutically challenging MLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Banday
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Zeenat Farooq
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India.,Present Address: Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura, Sopore, Jammu and Kashmir, 193201, India
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India. .,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India.
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33
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Basu S, Nandy A, Biswas D. Keeping RNA polymerase II on the run: Functions of MLL fusion partners in transcriptional regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194563. [PMID: 32348849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of key MLL fusion partners as transcription elongation factors regulating expression of HOX cluster genes during hematopoiesis, extensive work from the last decade has resulted in significant progress in our overall mechanistic understanding of role of MLL fusion partner proteins in transcriptional regulation of diverse set of genes beyond just the HOX cluster. In this review, we are going to detail overall understanding of role of MLL fusion partner proteins in transcriptional regulation and thus provide mechanistic insights into possible MLL fusion protein-mediated transcriptional misregulation leading to aberrant hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Basu
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Arijit Nandy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India.
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34
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Tian J, Teuscher KB, Aho ER, Alvarado JR, Mills JJ, Meyers KM, Gogliotti RD, Han C, Macdonald JD, Sai J, Shaw JG, Sensintaffar JL, Zhao B, Rietz TA, Thomas LR, Payne WG, Moore WJ, Stott GM, Kondo J, Inoue M, Coffey RJ, Tansey WP, Stauffer SR, Lee T, Fesik SW. Discovery and Structure-Based Optimization of Potent and Selective WD Repeat Domain 5 (WDR5) Inhibitors Containing a Dihydroisoquinolinone Bicyclic Core. J Med Chem 2020; 63:656-675. [PMID: 31858797 PMCID: PMC6986559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) is a member of the WD40-repeat protein family that plays a critical role in multiple chromatin-centric processes. Overexpression of WDR5 correlates with a poor clinical outcome in many human cancers, and WDR5 itself has emerged as an attractive target for therapy. Most drug-discovery efforts center on the WIN site of WDR5 that is responsible for the recruitment of WDR5 to chromatin. Here, we describe discovery of a novel WDR5 WIN site antagonists containing a dihydroisoquinolinone bicyclic core using a structure-based design. These compounds exhibit picomolar binding affinity and selective concentration-dependent antiproliferative activities in sensitive MLL-fusion cell lines. Furthermore, these WDR5 WIN site binders inhibit proliferation in MYC-driven cancer cells and reduce MYC recruitment to chromatin at MYC/WDR5 co-bound genes. Thus, these molecules are useful probes to study the implication of WDR5 inhibition in cancers and serve as a potential starting point toward the discovery of anti-WDR5 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Tian
- Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Kevin B. Teuscher
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Erin R. Aho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Joseph R. Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Meyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Rocco D. Gogliotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Changho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Macdonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jiqing Sai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - J. Grace Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - John L. Sensintaffar
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Tyson A. Rietz
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Lance R. Thomas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - William G. Payne
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - William J. Moore
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Gordon M. Stott
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - William P. Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Stephen W. Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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35
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Chen WL, Li DD, Chen X, Wang YZ, Xu JJ, Jiang ZY, You QD, Guo XK. Proton pump inhibitors selectively suppress MLL rearranged leukemia cells via disrupting MLL1-WDR5 protein-protein interaction. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:112027. [PMID: 31923859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) leading to oncogenic MLL-fusion proteins (MLL-FPs). MLL-FPs occur in about 10% of acute leukemias and are associated with dismal prognosis and treatment outcomes which emphasized the need for new therapeutic strategies. In present study, by a cell-based screening in-house compound collection, we disclosed that Rabeprazole specially inhibited the proliferation of leukemia cells harboring MLL-FPs with little toxicity to non-MLL cells. Mechanism study showed Rabeprazole down-regulated the transcription of MLL-FPs related Hox and Meis1 genes and effectively inhibited MLL1 H3K4 methyltransferase (HMT) activity in MV4-11 cells bearing MLL-AF4 fusion protein. Displacement of MLL1 probe from WDR5 protein suggested that Rabeprazole may inhibit MLL1 HMT activity through disturbing MLL1-WDR5 protein-protein interaction. Moreover, other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) also indicated the inhibition activity of MLL1-WDR5. Preliminary SARs showed the structural characteristics of PPIs were also essential for the activities of MLL1-WDR5 inhibition. Our results indicated the drug reposition of PPIs for MLL-rearranged leukemias and provided new insight for further optimization of targeting MLL1 methyltransferase activity, the MLL1-WDR5 interaction or WDR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiao-Ke Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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36
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Yang H, Cui W, Wang L. Epigenetic synthetic lethality approaches in cancer therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:136. [PMID: 31590683 PMCID: PMC6781350 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset and development of malignant tumors are closely related to epigenetic modifications, and this has become a research hotspot. In recent years, a variety of epigenetic regulators have been discovered, and corresponding small molecule inhibitors have been developed, but their efficacy in solid tumors is generally poor. With the introduction of the first synthetic lethal drug (the PARP inhibitor olaparib in ovarian cancer with BRCA1 mutation), research into synthetic lethality has also become a hotspot. High-throughput screening with CRISPR-Cas9 and shRNA technology has revealed a large number of synthetic lethal pairs involving epigenetic-related synthetic lethal genes, such as those encoding SWI/SNF complex subunits, PRC2 complex subunits, SETD2, KMT2C, and MLL fusion proteins. In this review, we focus on epigenetic-related synthetic lethal mechanisms, including synthetic lethality between epigenetic mutations and epigenetic inhibitors, epigenetic mutations and non-epigenetic inhibitors, and oncogene mutations and epigenetic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshen Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Jia Y, Chng WJ, Zhou J. Super-enhancers: critical roles and therapeutic targets in hematologic malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:77. [PMID: 31311566 PMCID: PMC6636097 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) in a broad range of human cell types are large clusters of enhancers with aberrant high levels of transcription factor binding, which are central to drive expression of genes in controlling cell identity and stimulating oncogenic transcription. Cancer cells acquire super-enhancers at oncogene and cancerous phenotype relies on these abnormal transcription propelled by SEs. Furthermore, specific inhibitors targeting SEs assembly and activation have offered potential targets for treating various tumors including hematological malignancies. Here, we first review the identification, functional significance of SEs. Next, we summarize recent findings of SEs and SE-driven gene regulation in normal hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies. The importance and various modes of SE-mediated MYC oncogene amplification are illustrated. Finally, we highlight the progress of SEs as selective therapeutic targets in basic research and clinical trials. Some open questions regarding functional significance and future directions of targeting SEs in the clinic will be discussed too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
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38
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Aguilar A, Zheng K, Xu T, Xu S, Huang L, Fernandez-Salas E, Liu L, Bernard D, Harvey KP, Foster C, McEachern D, Stuckey J, Chinnaswamy K, Delproposto J, Kampf JW, Wang S. Structure-Based Discovery of M-89 as a Highly Potent Inhibitor of the Menin-Mixed Lineage Leukemia (Menin-MLL) Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6015-6034. [PMID: 31244110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the menin-mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) protein-protein interaction is a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute leukemia carrying MLL fusion (MLL leukemia). We describe herein our structure-based design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new class of small-molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction (hereafter called menin inhibitors). Our efforts have resulted in the discovery of highly potent menin inhibitors, as exemplified by compound 42 (M-89). M-89 binds to menin with a Kd value of 1.4 nM and effectively engages cellular menin protein at low nanomolar concentrations. M-89 inhibits cell growth in the MV4;11 and MOLM-13 leukemia cell lines carrying MLL fusion with IC50 values of 25 and 55 nM, respectively, and demonstrates >100-fold selectivity over the HL-60 leukemia cell line lacking MLL fusion. The determination of a co-crystal structure of M-89 in a complex with menin provides the structural basis for their high-affinity interaction. Further optimization of M-89 may lead to a new class of therapy for the treatment of MLL leukemia.
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39
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Chen J, Park HJ. Computer-Aided Discovery of Massonianoside B as a Novel Selective DOT1L Inhibitor. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:873-881. [PMID: 30951287 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein methyltransferases (PMTs) are involved in numerous biological processes and have been studied as a promising target class in the field of oncology and other diseases. Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L), a histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase, plays an important role in the progressions of mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged leukemias and has been validated as a potential therapeutic target. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a novel DOT1L inhibitor, massonianoside B (MA), by pharmacophore-based in silico screening and biological studies. MA is a structurally unique natural product inhibitor of DOT1L with an IC50 value of 399 nM. The compound displays high selectivity for DOT1L over other S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent PMTs. Treatment of MLL-rearranged leukemia cells with MA gives a dose-dependent reduction in cellular levels of histone lysine 79 mono- and dimethylation without affecting the methylation of other histone sites. Moreover, MA selectively inhibits proliferation and causes apoptosis in MLL-rearranged leukemia cells and downregulates the expression of MLL fusion target genes, including HOXA9 and MEIS1. Molecular docking analysis revealed that MA may bind to the SAM-binding site of DOT1L. We identified MA as not only a novel DOT1L inhibitor with antileukemic activity but also a DOT1L-targeted molecular probe that may serve as a useful chemical tool for investigating the role of DOT1L in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
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40
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Malde AK, Hill TA, Iyer A, Fairlie DP. Crystal Structures of Protein-Bound Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9861-9914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alpeshkumar K. Malde
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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41
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Kumar A, Kumari N, Nallabelli N, Prasad R. Pathogenic and Therapeutic Role of H3K4 Family of Methylases and Demethylases in Cancers. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 34:123-132. [PMID: 31092985 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications occupy an essential position in the epigenetic landscape of the cell, and their alterations have been linked to cancers. Histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation has emerged as a critical epigenetic cue for the regulation of gene transcription through dynamic modulation by several H3K4 methyltransferases (writers) and demethylases (erasers). Any disturbance in the delicate balance of writers and erasers can result in the mis-regulation of H3K4 methylation, which has been demonstrated in several human cancers. Therefore, H3K4 methylation has been recognized as a putative therapeutic or prognostic tool and drug trials of different inhibitors of this process have demonstrated promising results. Henceforth, more detailed knowledge of H3K4 methylation is utmost important for elucidating the complex cellular processes, which might help in improving the disease outcome. The primary focus of this review will be directed on deciphering the role of H3K4 methylation along with its writers/erasers in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niti Kumari
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nayudu Nallabelli
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
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42
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Altahan R, Altahan S, Khalil S. Non-acute promyelocytic leukemia variant, acute myeloid leukemia with translocation (11;17). Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:558-563. [PMID: 30899494 PMCID: PMC6406162 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
t(11;17) is a rare but recognized finding usually found in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with variant RARA translocation (APLv). We present a case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(11;17) that has different break points than those occurring in APLv. The diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia, not otherwise specified, acute monoblastic leukemia was reached after a thorough investigation. Reaching the correct diagnosis and distinguishing these two entities are essential as they have different management, prognosis, and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaf Altahan
- Hematology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Altahan
- Hematology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKing Khalid University HospitalRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Salem Khalil
- Hematology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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43
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Ul-Haq A, Jin ML, Jeong KW, Kim HM, Chun KH. Isolation of MLL1 Inhibitory RNA Aptamers. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:201-209. [PMID: 30419633 PMCID: PMC6430220 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia proteins (MLL) are the key histone lysine methyltransferases that regulate expression of diverse genes. Aberrant activation of MLL promotes leukemia as well as solid tumors in humans, highlighting the urgent need for the development of an MLL inhibitor. We screened and isolated MLL1-binding ssRNAs using SELEX (Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment) technology. When sequences in sub-libraries were obtained using next-generation sequencing (NGS), the most enriched aptamers—APT1 and APT2—represented about 30% and 26% of sub-library populations, respectively. Motif analysis of the top 50 sequences provided a highly conserved sequence: 5′-A[A/C][C/G][G/U][U/A]ACAGAGGG[U/A]GG[A/C] GAGUGGGU-3′. APT1, APT2, and APT5 embracing this motif generated secondary structures with similar topological characteristics. We found that APT1 and APT2 have a good binding activity and the analysis using mutated aptamer variants showed that the site information in the central region was critical for binding. In vitro enzyme activity assay showed that APT1 and APT2 had MLL1 inhibitory activity. Three-dimensional structure prediction of APT1-MLL1 complex indicates multiple weak interactions formed between MLL1 SET domain and APT1. Our study confirmed that NGS-assisted SELEX is an efficient tool for aptamer screening and that aptamers could be useful in diagnosis and treatment of MLL1-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ul-Haq
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Li Jin
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Won Jeong
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Mook Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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44
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Park SM, Cho H, Thornton AM, Barlowe TS, Chou T, Chhangawala S, Fairchild L, Taggart J, Chow A, Schurer A, Gruet A, Witkin MD, Kim JH, Shevach EM, Krivtsov A, Armstrong SA, Leslie C, Kharas MG. IKZF2 Drives Leukemia Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Inhibits Myeloid Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:153-165.e7. [PMID: 30472158 PMCID: PMC6602096 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leukemias exhibit a dysregulated developmental program mediated through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Although IKZF2 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we found that it is dispensable for mouse and human HSC function. In contrast to its role as a tumor suppressor in hypodiploid B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we found that IKZF2 is required for myeloid leukemia. IKZF2 is highly expressed in leukemic stem cells (LSCs), and its deficiency results in defective LSC function. IKZF2 depletion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells reduced colony formation, increased differentiation and apoptosis, and delayed leukemogenesis. Gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and direct IKZF2 binding in MLL-AF9 LSCs demonstrate that IKZF2 regulates a HOXA9 self-renewal gene expression program and inhibits a C/EBP-driven differentiation program. Ectopic HOXA9 expression and CEBPE depletion rescued the effects of IKZF2 depletion. Thus, our study shows that IKZF2 regulates the AML LSC program and provides a rationale to therapeutically target IKZF2 in myeloid leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Self Renewal
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoiesis
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Transcription Factors/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mi Park
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela M Thornton
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trevor S Barlowe
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Chou
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sagar Chhangawala
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Fairchild
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Taggart
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Chow
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandria Schurer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antoine Gruet
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Witkin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Hyun Kim
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrei Krivtsov
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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45
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Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 5 Correlates with the Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1073432. [PMID: 30533424 PMCID: PMC6247687 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1073432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancy tumors with insidious onset, rapid development and metastasis, and poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to understand molecular mechanisms of HCC and identify clinically useful biomarkers for it. This study aimed to investigate the role of retinoblastoma binding protein 5 (RBBP5) in HCC. The expression level of RBBP5 was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The effect of RBBP5 on cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and drug sensitivity was analyzed. RBBP5 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and cells. High RBBP5 expression was significantly associated with elevated level of AFP, advanced TNM stage, high Ki-67 expression, larger tumor size, and poor prognosis. Knockdown of RBBP5 significantly inhibited proliferation of HCC cells through cell cycle arrest. In addition, inhibition of RBBP5 increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to doxorubicin. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RBBP5 plays an important role in the progression of HCC and may serve as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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46
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Kumar A, Kumari N, Rai A, Singh SK, Kakkar N, Prasad R. Expression and clinical significance of COMPASS family of histone methyltransferases in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Gene 2018; 674:31-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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47
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Hirano T, Mori S, Kagechika H. Recent Advances in Chemical Tools for the Regulation and Study of Protein Lysine Methyltransferases. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1745-1759. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hirano
- Institute of Biomaterials and BioengineeringTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Shuichi Mori
- Institute of Biomaterials and BioengineeringTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and BioengineeringTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
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48
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Wang F, Jeon KO, Salovich JM, Macdonald JD, Alvarado J, Gogliotti RD, Phan J, Olejniczak ET, Sun Q, Wang S, Camper D, Yuh JP, Shaw JG, Sai J, Rossanese OW, Tansey WP, Stauffer SR, Fesik SW. Discovery of Potent 2-Aryl-6,7-dihydro-5 H-pyrrolo[1,2- a]imidazoles as WDR5-WIN-Site Inhibitors Using Fragment-Based Methods and Structure-Based Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5623-5642. [PMID: 29889518 PMCID: PMC6842305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
WDR5 is a chromatin-regulatory scaffold protein overexpressed in various cancers and a potential epigenetic drug target for the treatment of mixed-lineage leukemia. Here, we describe the discovery of potent and selective WDR5-WIN-site inhibitors using fragment-based methods and structure-based design. NMR-based screening of a large fragment library identified several chemically distinct hit series that bind to the WIN site within WDR5. Members of a 6,7-dihydro-5 H-pyrrolo[1,2- a]imidazole fragment class were expanded using a structure-based design approach to arrive at lead compounds with dissociation constants <10 nM and micromolar cellular activity against an AML-leukemia cell line. These compounds represent starting points for the discovery of clinically useful WDR5 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kyu Ok Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - James M. Salovich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Joseph Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Rocco D. Gogliotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jason Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Qi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Shidong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - DeMarco Camper
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Joannes P. Yuh
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - J. Grace Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jiqing Sai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Olivia W. Rossanese
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - William P. Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Stephen W. Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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49
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El Ashkar S, Schwaller J, Pieters T, Goossens S, Demeulemeester J, Christ F, Van Belle S, Juge S, Boeckx N, Engelman A, Van Vlierberghe P, Debyser Z, De Rijck J. LEDGF/p75 is dispensable for hematopoiesis but essential for MLL-rearranged leukemogenesis. Blood 2018; 131:95-107. [PMID: 29084774 PMCID: PMC5755044 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-786962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) represents a genetically distinct and aggressive subset of human acute leukemia carrying chromosomal translocations of the MLL gene. These translocations result in oncogenic fusions that mediate aberrant recruitment of the transcription machinery to MLL target genes. The N-terminus of MLL and MLL-fusions form a complex with lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75; encoded by the PSIP1 gene) and MENIN. This complex contributes to the association of MLL and MLL-fusion multiprotein complexes with the chromatin. Several studies have shown that both MENIN and LEDGF/p75 are required for efficient MLL-fusion-mediated transformation and for the expression of downstream MLL-regulated genes such as HOXA9 and MEIS1 In light of developing a therapeutic strategy targeting this complex, understanding the function of LEDGF/p75 in normal hematopoiesis is crucial. We generated a conditional Psip1 knockout mouse model in the hematopoietic compartment and examined the effects of LEDGF/p75 depletion in postnatal hematopoiesis and the initiation of MLL leukemogenesis. Psip1 knockout mice were viable but showed several defects in hematopoiesis, reduced colony-forming activity in vitro, decreased expression of Hox genes in the hematopoietic stem cells, and decreased MLL occupancy at MLL target genes. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that LEDGF/p75 is dispensable for steady-state hematopoiesis but essential for the initiation of MLL-mediated leukemia. These data corroborate the MLL-LEDGF/p75 interaction as novel target for the treatment of MLL-rearranged leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Ashkar
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Pieters
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frauke Christ
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siska Van Belle
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Juge
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Alan Engelman
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Grey W, Ivey A, Milne TA, Haferlach T, Grimwade D, Uhlmann F, Voisset E, Yu V. The Cks1/Cks2 axis fine-tunes Mll1 expression and is crucial for MLL-rearranged leukaemia cell viability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:105-116. [PMID: 28939057 PMCID: PMC5701546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Cdc28 protein kinase subunits, Cks1 and Cks2, play dual roles in Cdk-substrate specificity and Cdk-independent protein degradation, in concert with the E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes SCFSkp2 and APCCdc20. Notable targets controlled by Cks include p27 and Cyclin A. Here, we demonstrate that Cks1 and Cks2 proteins interact with both the MllN and MllC subunits of Mll1 (Mixed-lineage leukaemia 1), and together, the Cks proteins define Mll1 levels throughout the cell cycle. Overexpression of CKS1B and CKS2 is observed in multiple human cancers, including various MLL-rearranged (MLLr) AML subtypes. To explore the importance of MLL-Fusion Protein regulation by CKS1/2, we used small molecule inhibitors (MLN4924 and C1) to modulate their protein degradation functions. These inhibitors specifically reduced the proliferation of MLLr cell lines compared to primary controls. Altogether, this study uncovers a novel regulatory pathway for MLL1, which may open a new therapeutic approach to MLLr leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Adam Ivey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - David Grimwade
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frank Uhlmann
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Edwige Voisset
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Veronica Yu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
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