1
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Lecoutre S, Rebière C, Marcelin G, Clément K. How does bariatric surgery remodel adipose tissue? ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:175-178. [PMID: 38871506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This lecture delves into the pivotal role of adipose tissue in obesity and its response to weight loss, particularly via bariatric surgery. Adipose tissue, responsible for storing excess energy, undergoes significant changes during obesity, marked by inflammation and fibrosis. Bariatric surgery, serving as a model, allow the exploration of adipose tissue remodeling post-weight loss, inducing metabolic and fibro-inflammatory shifts. Despite successful weight loss, inflammation and fibrosis persist, as evidenced by changes in immune cells, altered cytokine profiles and the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Unfortunately, these lingering effects impair the normal adipose tissue function. In this context, adipose progenitors, an heterogenous resident population of mesenchymal stromal cells, display functions important to fibrosis development, capable of differentiating into myofibroblasts and contributing to ECM deposition. Particularly, a distinct subpopulation of adipose progenitors with high CD9 expression (CD9high) is associated with fibrosis and insulin resistance in human obesity. The persistence of fibrosis post-weight loss poses challenges, correlating with metabolic dysfunction despite improved glucose tolerance. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving adipose tissue remodeling and fibrosis post-weight loss is imperative for the development of effective treatments for obesity. The intricate interplay between adipose tissue, inflammation, and fibrosis underscores the necessity for further in-depth research to elucidate these mechanisms and formulate targeted therapies for obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Research Unit: Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Rebière
- Research Unit: Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris Public Hospitals, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Marcelin
- Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris Public Hospitals, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Research Unit: Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France.
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2
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Oussaada SM, Kilicarslan M, de Weijer BA, Gilijamse PW, Şekercan A, Virtue S, Janssen IMC, van de Laar A, Demirkiran A, van Wagensveld BA, Houdijk APJ, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, Verheij J, Geijtenbeek TB, Bloks VW, de Goffau MC, Romijn JA, Nieuwdorp M, Vidal-Puig A, Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. Tissue-specific inflammation and insulin sensitivity in subjects with obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 211:111663. [PMID: 38616042 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). The contribution of adipose tissue (AT) and hepatic inflammation to IR remains unclear. We conducted a study across three cohorts to investigate this relationship. The first cohort consists of six women with normal weight and twenty with obesity. In women with obesity, we found an upregulation of inflammatory markers in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, isolated AT macrophages, and the liver, but no linear correlation with tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. In the second cohort, we studied 24 women with obesity in the upper vs lower insulin sensitivity quartile. We demonstrated that several omental and mesenteric AT inflammatory genes and T cell-related pathways are upregulated in IR, independent of BMI. The third cohort consists of 23 women and 18 men with obesity, studied before and one year after bariatric surgery. Weight loss following surgery was associated with downregulation of multiple immune pathways in subcutaneous AT and skeletal muscle, alongside notable metabolic improvements. Our results show that obesity is characterised by systemic and tissue-specific inflammation. Subjects with obesity and IR show a more pronounced inflammation phenotype, independent of BMI. Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss is associated with reduced inflammation and improved metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Oussaada
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Kilicarslan
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B A de Weijer
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P W Gilijamse
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Şekercan
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Public Health, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Virtue
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - I M C Janssen
- Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek, Departement of Science, Huis ter Heide, the Netherlands
| | - A van de Laar
- Spaarne Gasthuis, Department of Surgery, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - A Demirkiran
- Red Cross Hospital, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - B A van Wagensveld
- NMC Royal Hospital, Department of Surgery, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A P J Houdijk
- Northwest Clinics, Department of Surgery, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - A Jongejan
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P D Moerland
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Verheij
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T B Geijtenbeek
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V W Bloks
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M C de Goffau
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK; Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A Romijn
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Nieuwdorp
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Vidal-Puig
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - K W Ter Horst
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Serlie
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
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3
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Melini S, Lama A, Comella F, Opallo N, Del Piano F, Annunziata C, Mollica MP, Ferrante MC, Pirozzi C, Mattace Raso G, Meli R. Targeting liver and adipose tissue in obese mice: Effects of a N-acylethanolamine mixture on insulin resistance and adipocyte reprogramming. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116531. [PMID: 38574624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous lipid-signalling molecules involved in inflammation and energy metabolism. The potential pharmacological effect of NAE association in managing inflammation-based metabolic disorders is unexplored. To date, targeting liver-adipose axis can be considered a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and related dysfunctions. Here, we investigated the metabolic effect of OLALIAMID® (OLA), an olive oil-derived NAE mixture, in limiting liver and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. OLA reduced body weight and fat mass in obese mice, decreasing insulin resistance (IR), as shown by homeostasis model assessment index, and leptin/adiponectin ratio, a marker of adipocyte dysfunction. OLA improved serum lipid and hepatic profile and the immune/inflammatory pattern of metainflammation. In liver of HFD mice, OLA treatment counteracted glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, restoring insulin signalling (phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK), and reducing mRNAs of key markers of fatty acid accumulation. Furthermore, OLA positively affected AT function deeply altered by HFD by reprogramming of genes involved in thermogenesis of interscapular brown AT (iBAT) and subcutaneous white AT (scWAT), and inducing the beigeing of scWAT. Notably, the NAE mixture reduced inflammation in iBAT and promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage shift in scWAT of obese mice. The tissue and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of OLA and the increased expression of glucose transporter 4 in scWAT contributed to the improvement of gluco-lipid toxicity and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that this olive oil-derived NAE mixture is a valid nutritional strategy to counteract IR and obesity acting on liver-AT crosstalk, restoring both hepatic and AT function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Melini
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - A Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - N Opallo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - C Annunziata
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition Karolinska Institute Neo Building, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - M P Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - M C Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - C Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - G Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - R Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
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Yoon DJ, Zhang J, Zapata RC, Ulivieri M, Libster AM, McMurray MS, Osborn O, Dulawa SC. The attenuation of activity-based anorexia by obese adipose tissue transplant is AgRP neuron-dependent. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590824. [PMID: 38712190 PMCID: PMC11071374 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder observed primarily in girls and women, and is characterized by a low body mass index, hypophagia, and hyperactivity. The activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm models aspects of AN, and refers to the progressive weight loss, hypophagia, and hyperactivity developed by rodents exposed to time-restricted feeding and running wheel access. Recent studies identified white adipose tissue (WAT) as a primary location of the 'metabolic memory' of prior obesity, and implicated WAT-derived signals as drivers of recidivism to obesity following weight loss. Here, we tested whether an obese WAT transplant could attenuate ABA-induced weight loss in normal female mice. Recipient mice received a WAT transplant harvested from normal chow-fed, or HFD-fed obese mice; obese fat recipient (OFR) and control fat recipient (CFR) mice were then tested for ABA. During ABA, OFR mice survived longer than CFR mice, defined as maintaining 75% of their initial body weight. Next, we tested whether agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, which regulate feeding behavior and metabolic sensing, mediate this effect of obese WAT transplant. CFR and OFR mice received either control or neonatal AgRP ablation, and were assessed for ABA. OFR intact mice maintained higher body weights longer than CFR intact mice, and this effect was abolished by neonatal AgRP ablation; further, ablation reduced survival in OFR, but not CFR mice. In summary, obese WAT transplant communicates with AgRP neurons to increase body weight maintenance during ABA. These findings encourage the examination of obese WAT-derived factors as potential treatments for AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin J. Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rizaldy C. Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martina Ulivieri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Avraham M. Libster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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5
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Lorch CM, Hayes NW, Xia JL, Fleps SW, McMorrow HE, Province HS, Frydman JA, Parker JG, Beutler LR. Sucrose overconsumption impairs AgRP neuron dynamics and promotes palatable food intake. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113675. [PMID: 38224492 PMCID: PMC10922425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid gut-brain communication is critical to maintain energy balance and is disrupted in diet-induced obesity. In particular, the role of carbohydrate overconsumption in the regulation of interoceptive circuits in vivo requires further investigation. Here, we report that an obesogenic high-sucrose diet (HSD) selectively blunts silencing of hunger-promoting agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons following intragastric delivery of glucose, whereas we previously showed that overconsumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) selectively attenuates lipid-induced neural silencing. By contrast, both HSD and HFD reversibly dampen rapid AgRP neuron inhibition following chow presentation and promote intake of more palatable foods. Our findings reveal that excess sugar and fat pathologically modulate feeding circuit activity in both macronutrient-dependent and -independent ways and thus may additively exacerbate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Lorch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nikolas W Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica L Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stefan W Fleps
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hayley E McMorrow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haley S Province
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua A Frydman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jones G Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lisa R Beutler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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6
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Schenk S, Ravussin Y, Lacroix A, Quansah DY, Puder JJ. Weight Categories, Trajectories, Eating Behavior, and Metabolic Consequences during Pregnancy and Postpartum in Women with GDM. Nutrients 2024; 16:560. [PMID: 38398884 PMCID: PMC10892465 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study investigated weight trajectories, eating behaviors, and metabolic consequences in women with GDM during pregnancy and postpartum according to pre-pregnancy BMI. We prospectively included 464 women with GDM. Intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2 questionnaire), gestational weight gain (GWG), postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 6-8 weeks and 1-year postpartum, and glucose intolerance (prediabetes and diabetes) at 1-year were assessed. Women with obesity (WOB) had lower GWG but gained more weight in the postpartum (p < 0.0001). PPWR at 1-year did not differ across BMI categories (p = 0.63), whereas postpartum weight loss was most pronounced in women with normal weight (p < 0.0001), and within this category, in their lowest tertile (p < 0.05). Intuitive eating was not linked to perinatal weight changes but differed among BMI categories. PPWR predicted a 2.5-fold increased risk of glucose intolerance at 1-year independent of pre-pregnancy BMI (p < 0.001), and the adverse metabolic impact of PPWR was most pronounced in WOB with odds of increased risk of glucose intolerance 8.9 times higher (95% CI 2.956;26.968). These findings suggest an adaptive capacity to relatively rapid weight changes in the perinatal period that is less present with higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Schenk
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Yann Ravussin
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Medicine Section, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Alain Lacroix
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Dan Yedu Quansah
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jardena J. Puder
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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7
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Reinisch I, Michenthaler H, Sulaj A, Moyschewitz E, Krstic J, Galhuber M, Xu R, Riahi Z, Wang T, Vujic N, Amor M, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Wabitsch M, Kolb D, Georgiadi A, Glawitsch L, Heitzer E, Schulz TJ, Schupp M, Sun W, Dong H, Ghosh A, Hoffmann A, Kratky D, Hinte LC, von Meyenn F, Heck AJR, Blüher M, Herzig S, Wolfrum C, Prokesch A. Adipocyte p53 coordinates the response to intermittent fasting by regulating adipose tissue immune cell landscape. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1391. [PMID: 38360943 PMCID: PMC10869344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In obesity, sustained adipose tissue (AT) inflammation constitutes a cellular memory that limits the effectiveness of weight loss interventions. Yet, the impact of fasting regimens on the regulation of AT immune infiltration is still elusive. Here we show that intermittent fasting (IF) exacerbates the lipid-associated macrophage (LAM) inflammatory phenotype of visceral AT in obese mice. Importantly, this increase in LAM abundance is strongly p53 dependent and partly mediated by p53-driven adipocyte apoptosis. Adipocyte-specific deletion of p53 prevents LAM accumulation during IF, increases the catabolic state of adipocytes, and enhances systemic metabolic flexibility and insulin sensitivity. Finally, in cohorts of obese/diabetic patients, we describe a p53 polymorphism that links to efficacy of a fasting-mimicking diet and that the expression of p53 and TREM2 in AT negatively correlates with maintaining weight loss after bariatric surgery. Overall, our results demonstrate that p53 signalling in adipocytes dictates LAM accumulation in AT under IF and modulates fasting effectiveness in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reinisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Helene Michenthaler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alba Sulaj
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Moyschewitz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Galhuber
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zina Riahi
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Nemanja Vujic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melina Amor
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anastasia Georgiadi
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Glawitsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hua Dong
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura C Hinte
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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8
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Weiner J, Dommel S, Gebhardt C, Hanschkow M, Popkova Y, Krause K, Klöting N, Blüher M, Schiller J, Heiker JT. Differential expression of immunoregulatory cytokines in adipose tissue and liver in response to high fat and high sugar diets in female mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1275160. [PMID: 38024380 PMCID: PMC10655005 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1275160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of how dietary components impact immunoregulatory gene expression in adipose tissue (AT) and liver, and their respective contributions to metabolic health in mice, remains limited. The current study aimed to investigate the metabolic consequences of a high-sucrose diet (HSD) and a high-fat diet (HFD) in female mice with a focus on differential lipid- and sucrose-induced changes in immunoregulatory gene expression in AT and liver. Female C57BL/6 J mice were fed a purified and macronutrient matched high fat, high sugar, or control diets for 12 weeks. Mice were extensively phenotyped, including glucose and insulin tolerance tests, adipose and liver gene and protein expression analysis by qPCR and Western blot, tissue lipid analyses, as well as histological analyses. Compared to the control diet, HSD- and HFD-fed mice had significantly higher body weights, with pronounced obesity along with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance only in HFD-fed mice. HSD-fed mice exhibited an intermediate phenotype, with mild metabolic deterioration at the end of the study. AT lipid composition was significantly altered by both diets, and inflammatory gene expression was only significantly induced in HFD-fed mice. In the liver however, histological analysis revealed that both HSD- and HFD-fed mice had pronounced ectopic lipid deposition indicating hepatic steatosis, but more pronounced in HSD-fed mice. This was in line with significant induction of pro-inflammatory gene expression specifically in livers of HSD-fed mice. Overall, our findings suggest that HFD consumption in female mice induces more profound inflammation in AT with pronounced deterioration of metabolic health, whereas HSD induced more pronounced hepatic steatosis and inflammation without yet affecting glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dommel
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhardt
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martha Hanschkow
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yulia Popkova
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T. Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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van Baak MA, Mariman ECM. Obesity-induced and weight-loss-induced physiological factors affecting weight regain. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:655-670. [PMID: 37696920 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Weight regain after successful weight loss resulting from lifestyle interventions is a major challenge in the management of overweight and obesity. Knowledge of the causal mechanisms for weight regain can help researchers and clinicians to find effective strategies to tackle weight regain and reduce obesity-associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications. This Review summarizes the current understanding of a number of potential physiological mechanisms underlying weight regain after weight loss, including: the role of adipose tissue immune cells; hormonal and neuronal factors affecting hunger, satiety and reward; resting energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis; and lipid metabolism (lipolysis and lipid oxidation). We describe and discuss obesity-associated changes in these mechanisms, their persistence during weight loss and weight regain and their association with weight regain. Interventions to prevent or limit weight regain based on these factors, such as diet, exercise, pharmacotherapy and biomedical strategies, and current knowledge on the effectiveness of these interventions are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen A van Baak
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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10
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Lee HJ, Jin BY, Park MR, Kim NH, Seo KS, Jeong YT, Wada T, Lee JS, Choi SH, Kim DH. Inhibition of adipose tissue angiogenesis prevents rebound weight gain after caloric restriction in mice fed a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2023; 332:122101. [PMID: 37730110 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated whether modulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) vasculature regulates rebound weight gain (RWG) after caloric restriction (CR) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). MAIN METHODS We compared changes in energy balance, hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression, and characteristics of WAT by RT-qPCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction spheroid sprouting assay in obese mice fed a HFD ad libitum (HFD-AL), mice under 40 % CR for 3 or 4 weeks, mice fed HFD-AL for 3 days after CR (CRAL), and CRAL mice treated with TNP-470, an angiogenic inhibitor. KEY FINDINGS WAT angiogenic genes were expressed at low levels, but WAT vascular density was maintained in the CR group compared to that in the HFD-AL group. The CRAL group showed RWG, fat regain, and hyperphagia with higher expression of angiogenic genes and reduced pericyte coverage of the endothelium in WAT on day 3 after CR compared to the CR group, indicating rapidly increased angiogenic activity after CR. Administration of TNP-470 suppressed RWG, fat regain, and hyperphagia only after CR compared to the CRAL group. Changes in circulating leptin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression were correlated with changes in weight and fat mass, suggesting that TNP-470 suppressed hyperphagia independently of the hypothalamic melanocortin system. Additionally, TNP-470 increased gene expression related to thermogenesis, fuel utilization, and browning in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and WAT, indicating TNP-470-induced increase in thermogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE Modulation of the WAT vasculature attenuates RWG after CR by suppressing hyperphagia and increasing BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeong Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taek Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Zapata RC, Nasamran CA, Chilin-Fuentes DR, Dulawa SC, Osborn O. Identification of adipose tissue transcriptomic memory of anorexia nervosa. Mol Med 2023; 29:109. [PMID: 37582711 PMCID: PMC10428576 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex debilitating disease characterized by intense fear of weight gain and excessive exercise. It is the deadliest of any psychiatric disorder with a high rate of recidivism, yet its pathophysiology is unclear. The Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) paradigm is a widely accepted mouse model of AN that recapitulates hypophagia and hyperactivity despite reduced body weight, however, not the chronicity. METHODS Here, we modified the prototypical ABA paradigm to increase the time to lose 25% of baseline body weight from less than 7 days to more than 2 weeks. We used this paradigm to identify persistently altered genes after weight restoration that represent a transcriptomic memory of under-nutrition and may contribute to AN relapse using RNA sequencing. We focused on adipose tissue as it was identified as a major location of transcriptomic memory of over-nutririon. RESULTS We identified 300 dysregulated genes that were refractory to weight restroration after ABA, including Calm2 and Vps13d, which could be potential global regulators of transcriptomic memory in both chronic over- and under-nutrition. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the presence of peristent changes in the adipose tissue transcriptome in the ABA mice after weight restoration. Despite being on the opposite spectrum of weight perturbations, majority of the transcriptomic memory genes of under- and over-nutrition did not overlap, suggestive of the different mechanisms involved in these extreme nutritional statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Daisy R Chilin-Fuentes
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Stephanie C Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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12
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Jin L, Wang D, Zhang J, Liu P, Wang Y, Lin Y, Liu C, Han Z, Long K, Li D, Jiang Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Bai J, Li X, Li J, Lu L, Kong F, Wang X, Li H, Huang Z, Ma J, Fan X, Shen L, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Tang G, Feng B, Zeng B, Ge L, Li X, Tang Q, Zhang Z, Li M. Dynamic chromatin architecture of the porcine adipose tissues with weight gain and loss. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3457. [PMID: 37308492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an adult female miniature pig model with diet-induced weight gain/weight loss, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture in adipose tissues (ATs) associated with obesity. We generated 249 high-resolution in situ Hi-C chromatin contact maps of subcutaneous AT and three visceral ATs, analyzing transcriptomic and chromatin architectural changes under different nutritional treatments. We find that chromatin architecture remodeling underpins transcriptomic divergence in ATs, potentially linked to metabolic risks in obesity development. Analysis of chromatin architecture among subcutaneous ATs of different mammals suggests the presence of transcriptional regulatory divergence that could explain phenotypic, physiological, and functional differences in ATs. Regulatory element conservation analysis in pigs and humans reveals similarities in the regulatory circuitry of genes responsible for the obesity phenotype and identified non-conserved elements in species-specific gene sets that underpin AT specialization. This work provides a data-rich tool for discovering obesity-related regulatory elements in humans and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, 100101, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Sars-Fang Centre and MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pengliang Liu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Can Liu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziyin Han
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Keren Long
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Bai
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fanli Kong
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hua Li
- Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Ya'an Digital Economy Operation Company, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Pig Industry Sciences Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, 100101, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Hoffmann A, Meir AY, Hagemann T, Czechowski P, Müller L, Engelmann B, Haange SB, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Tsaban G, Zelicha H, Rinott E, Kaplan A, Shelef I, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Liang L, Ceglarek U, Isermann B, von Bergen M, Kovacs P, Keller M, Shai I. A polyphenol-rich green Mediterranean diet enhances epigenetic regulatory potential: the DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2023:155594. [PMID: 37236302 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity of a polyphenol-enriched diet to modulate the epigenome in vivo is partly unknown. Given the beneficial metabolic effects of a Mediterranean (MED) diet enriched in polyphenols and reduced in red/processed meat (green-MED), as previously been proven by the 18-month DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial, we analyzed the effects of the green-MED diet on methylome and transcriptome levels to highlight molecular mechanisms underlying the observed metabolic improvements. METHODS Our study included 260 participants (baseline BMI = 31.2 kg/m2, age = 5 years) of the DIRECT PLUS trial, initially randomized to one of the intervention arms: A. healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), B. MED (440 mg polyphenols additionally provided by walnuts), C. green-MED (1240 mg polyphenols additionally provided by walnuts, green tea, and Mankai: green duckweed shake). Blood methylome and transcriptome of all study subjects were analyzed at baseline and after completing the 18-month intervention using Illumina EPIC and RNA sequencing technologies. RESULTS A total of 1573 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; false discovery rate (FDR) < 5 %) were found in the green-MED compared to the MED (177) and HDG (377) diet participants. This corresponded to 1753 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; FDR < 5 %) in the green-MED intervention compared to MED (7) and HDG (738). Consistently, the highest number (6 %) of epigenetic modulating genes was transcriptionally changed in subjects participating in the green-MED intervention. Weighted cluster network analysis relating transcriptional and phenotype changes among participants subjected to the green-MED intervention identified candidate genes associated with serum-folic acid change (all P < 1 × 10-3) and highlighted one module including the KIR3DS1 locus, being negatively associated with the polyphenol changes (e.g. P < 1 × 10-4), but positively associated with the MRI-assessed superficial subcutaneous adipose area-, weight- and waist circumference- 18-month change (all P < 0.05). Among others, this module included the DMR gene Cystathionine Beta-Synthase, playing a major role in homocysteine reduction. CONCLUSIONS The green-MED high polyphenol diet, rich in green tea and Mankai, renders a high capacity to regulate an individual's epigenome. Our findings suggest epigenetic key drivers such as folate and green diet marker to mediate this capacity and indicate a direct effect of dietary polyphenols on the one‑carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84101 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Hagemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Paul Czechowski
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Luise Müller
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gal Tsaban
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84101 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Soroka University Medical Center, 84101 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84101 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84101 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84101 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Soroka University Medical Center, 84101 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Maria Keller
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - Iris Shai
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84101 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Zhou Q, Wang Y, Lu Z, He C, Li L, You M, Wang L, Cao T, Zhao Y, Li Q, Mou A, Shu W, He H, Zhao Z, Liu D, Zhu Z, Gao P, Yan Z. Cx43 acts as a mitochondrial calcium regulator that promotes obesity by inducing the polarization of macrophages in adipose tissue. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110606. [PMID: 36681290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages initiates the polarization of pro-inflammatory macrophages that exacerbates adipocyte dysfunction and obesity. The imbalance of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis impairs mitochondrial function and promotes inflammation. Connexin 43 (Cx43), a ubiquitous gap junction protein, has been demonstrated to regulate intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here we explored whether macrophage Cx43 affects the obesity process by regulating the polarization of macrophage. HFD treatment induced obesity and exacerbated macrophages infiltration with upregulation of macrophages Cx43. Macrophage-specific knockout of Cx43 reduced HFD-induced obesity by alleviating inflammation in adipose tissue, with less pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage infiltration. Consistently, inhibition or knockdown of Cx43 improved palmitic acid (PA) induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by improved oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), reduced formation of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Mechanistically, Cx43 interacted with the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and knockdown of Cx43 alleviated PA-induced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) oxidation by lowering MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, which then, promoting the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. Thus, this study identified Cx43 as a mitochondrial Ca2+ regulator that aggravates obesity via promoting macrophages polarized to M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype and suggests that Cx43 might be a promising therapeutic target antagonizing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongshi Lu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengkang He
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei You
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingbing Cao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Aidi Mou
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Wentao Shu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoyan Liu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Chavakis T, Alexaki VI, Ferrante AW. Macrophage function in adipose tissue homeostasis and metabolic inflammation. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:757-766. [PMID: 37012544 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related metabolic organ inflammation contributes to cardiometabolic disorders. In obese individuals, changes in lipid fluxes and storage elicit immune responses in the adipose tissue (AT), including expansion of immune cell populations and qualitative changes in the function of these cells. Although traditional models of metabolic inflammation posit that these immune responses disturb metabolic organ function, studies now suggest that immune cells, especially AT macrophages (ATMs), also have important adaptive functions in lipid homeostasis in states in which the metabolic function of adipocytes is taxed. Adverse consequences of AT metabolic inflammation might result from failure to maintain local lipid homeostasis and long-term effects on immune cells beyond the AT. Here we review the complex function of ATMs in AT homeostasis and metabolic inflammation. Additionally, we hypothesize that trained immunity, which involves long-term functional adaptations of myeloid cells and their bone marrow progenitors, can provide a model by which metabolic perturbations trigger chronic systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony W Ferrante
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Zhou Q, Wang Y, Lu Z, Wang B, Li L, You M, Wang L, Cao T, Zhao Y, Li Q, Mou A, Shu W, He H, Zhao Z, Liu D, Zhu Z, Gao P, Yan Z. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by SIRT3 inhibition drives proinflammatory macrophage polarization in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1050-1063. [PMID: 36894333 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic reprogramming is a main feature of proinflammatory macrophage polarization, a process that leads to inflammation in dysfunctional adipose tissue. Therefore, the study aim was to explore whether sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, participates in this pathophysiological process. METHODS Macrophage-specific Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3-MKO) mice and wild-type littermates were treated with a high-fat diet. Body weight, glucose tolerance, and inflammation were evaluated. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and RAW264.7 cells were treated with palmitic acid to explore the mechanism of SIRT3 on inflammation. RESULTS The expression of SIRT3 was significantly repressed in both bone marrow-derived macrophages and adipose tissue macrophages in mice fed with a high-fat diet. Sirt3-MKO mice exhibited accelerated body weight and severe inflammation, accompanied with reduced energy expenditure and worsened glucose metabolism. In vitro experiments showed that SIRT3 inhibition or knockdown exacerbated palmitic acid-induced proinflammatory macrophage polarization, whereas SIRT3 restoration displayed opposite effects. Mechanistically, SIRT3 deficiency resulted in hyperacetylation of succinate dehydrogenase that led to succinate accumulation, which suppressed the transcription of Kruppel-like factor 4 via increasing histone methylation on its promoter, thus evoking proinflammatory macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes an important preventive role of SIRT3 in macrophage polarization and implies that SIRT3 is a promising therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongshi Lu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei You
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingbing Cao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Aidi Mou
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Wentao Shu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoyan Liu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
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17
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Maniyadath B, Zhang Q, Gupta RK, Mandrup S. Adipose tissue at single-cell resolution. Cell Metab 2023; 35:386-413. [PMID: 36889280 PMCID: PMC10027403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue exhibits remarkable plasticity with capacity to change in size and cellular composition under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The emergence of single-cell transcriptomics has rapidly transformed our understanding of the diverse array of cell types and cell states residing in adipose tissues and has provided insight into how transcriptional changes in individual cell types contribute to tissue plasticity. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the cellular atlas of adipose tissues focusing on the biological insight gained from single-cell and single-nuclei transcriptomics of murine and human adipose tissues. We also offer our perspective on the exciting opportunities for mapping cellular transitions and crosstalk, which have been made possible by single-cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babukrishna Maniyadath
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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18
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Castro-Barquero S, Casas R, Rimm EB, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Romaguera D, Martínez JA, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Vidal J, Ruiz-Canela M, Konieczna J, Sacanella E, García-Gavilán JF, Fitó M, García-Arellano A, Estruch R. Loss of Visceral Fat is Associated with a Reduction in Inflammatory Status in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200264. [PMID: 36416291 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Excessive visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with higher secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, contributing to systemic inflammation and obesity-related metabolic disturbances. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective analysis includes 117 overweight/obese adults (55-75 years) from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Fourteen inflammatory markers and adipokines are measured using a Bio-Plex assay with multiplex technology: insulin, glucagon, IL-6, visfatin, ghrelin, GLP-1, TNF-α, MCP-1, PAI-1, resistin, C-peptide, leptin, adipsin, and adiponectin. Participants are categorized into tertiles according to changes in VAT after 1-year of follow-up, determined by dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. Participants allocate in tertile 3, which represent an increase of VAT content after 1-year of follow-up compared to tertile 1, show significant differences in insulin (T3 vs T1, fully adjusted model: p = 0.037, p for trend 0.042), PAI-1 (fully adjusted model: p = 0.05, p for trend 0.06), c-peptide (fully adjusted model: p = 0.037, p for trend 0.042), and TNF-α (fully adjusted model p = 0.037, p for trend 0.042). CONCLUSION The results evidence that a reduction in VAT is associated with clinical improvements in several inflammatory and adiposity markers, mainly in insulin, c-peptide, and PAI-1 levels, and these improvements may contribute to a reduction in cardiometabolic disturbances observe in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Castro-Barquero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31009, Spain.,Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, 43201, Spain.,University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, 43204, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Institut d` Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Jadwiga Konieczna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Spain
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Jesús Francisco García-Gavilán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, 43201, Spain.,University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, 43204, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Ana García-Arellano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.,Emergency Medicine, Osasunbidea, Navarra Regional Health Service, Pamplona, 31003, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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19
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In obese hypertensives cholecalciferol inhibits circulating TH17 cells but not macrophage infiltration on adipose tissue. Clin Immunol 2023; 247:109244. [PMID: 36706826 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In arterial hypertension, increased Th17 cells and reduced Tregs are the hallmarks of immunological dysfunction and the basis for the investigation of immunomodulatory drugs. Although cholecalciferol is not a primary immunomodulator, it has recognized action on immune cells, leading us to hypothesise if cholecalciferol can induce a more tolerogenic phenotype in obese hypertensives. In a phase-2, single-centre, randomised, open, 24-week trial, we assigned adults with obesity-associated hypertension and vitamin D deficiency to receive usual therapy plus 50,000 IU/week of cholecalciferol or usual therapy alone. The primary endpoint was the percentual variation in T CD4+, T CD8+, Tregs, and Th17 cells. Secondary endpoints included the percentual variation in Th1, Tc1, Tc17, and monocytes and variation in the number of perivascular and non-perivascular macrophages, T CD4+ and T CD8+ lymphocytes in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. A control group of 12 overweight normotensives was also evaluated for peripheral immune cells. A total of 36 obese hypertensives were randomised, 18 in each group. In comparison with normotensive controls, hypertensives presented higher percentages of T lymphocytes (p = 0.016), Tregs (p = 0.014), and non-classical monocytes (p < 0.001). At week 24, Th17 cells increased in control group (p = 0.017) but remained stable in cholecalciferol group. For Tregs, downregulation towards the values of normotensive controls was observed (p = 0.003), and in multivariate analysis, an increased loading in the setting of the cells of adaptive immunity observed (eigenvalue 1.78, p < 0.001). No changes were documented for monocytes. In adipose tissue, a baseline negative correlation between vitamin D and perivascular macrophages was observed (r = -0.387, p = 0.024) that persisted in the control group (r = -0.528, p = 0.024) but not in the cholecalciferol group, which presented an increase in non-perivascular macrophages (p = 0.029) at week 24. No serious adverse events were reported for all the participants. In this trial, we found that supplementation with cholecalciferol interfered with peripheral and adipose tissue immune cell profile, downregulating peripheral Th17 cells, but increasing the number of infiltrating subcutaneous adipose tissue macrophages. (Funded by Núcleo Estudos Hipertensão da Beira Interior; EudraCT number: 2015-003910-26).
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20
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Leptin Increases: Physiological Roles in the Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity, Energy Balance, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032684. [PMID: 36769012 PMCID: PMC9917048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that decreases in plasma leptin levels, as with fasting, signal starvation and elicit appropriate physiological responses, such as increasing the drive to eat and decreasing energy expenditure. These responses are mediated largely by suppression of the actions of leptin in the hypothalamus, most notably on arcuate nucleus (ArcN) orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurons and anorexic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. However, the question addressed in this review is whether the effects of increased leptin levels are also significant on the long-term control of energy balance, despite conventional wisdom to the contrary. We focus on leptin's actions (in both lean and obese individuals) to decrease food intake, increase sympathetic nerve activity, and support the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, with particular attention to sex differences. We also elaborate on obesity-induced inflammation and its role in the altered actions of leptin during obesity.
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21
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Kotzé-Hörstmann LM, Bedada DT, Johnson R, Mabasa L, Sadie-Van Gijsen H. The effects of a green Rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis) extract on metabolic parameters and adipose tissue biology in rats fed different obesogenic diets. Food Funct 2022; 13:12648-12663. [PMID: 36441182 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02440c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current pharmaceutical treatments addressing obesity are plagued by high costs, low efficacy and adverse side effects. Natural extracts are popular alternatives, but evidence for their anti-obesity properties is scant. We assessed the efficacy of a green (minimally-oxidized) Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract (GRT) to ameliorate the effects of obesogenic feeding in rats, by examining body weight, metabolic measures, adipose tissue cellularity and tissue-resident adipose stem cells (ASCs). Furthermore, we performed statistical correlations to explore the relationships and interactions between metabolic and adipose tissue measures. Using an in vivo/ex vivo study design, male Wistar rats were maintained for 17 weeks on one of 3 diets: CON (laboratory chow), OB1 (high-sugar, medium fat) or OB2 (high-fat, high-cholesterol) (n = 24 each). From weeks 11-17, half of the animals in each group received oral GRT supplementation (60 mg per kg body weight daily). Blood and tissue samples were collected, and ASCs from each animal were cultured. Diets OB1 and OB2 induced divergent metabolic profiles compared to CON, but metabolic measures within dietary groups were mostly unaffected by GRT supplementation. Notably, diets OB1 and OB2 uncoupled the positive association between visceral adiposity and insulin resistance, while GRT uncoupled the positive association between elevated serum cholesterol and liver damage. Obesogenic feeding and GRT supplementation induced adipocyte enlargement in vivo, but lipid accumulation in cultured ASCs did not differ between dietary groups. Larger adipocyte size in subcutaneous fat was associated with favourable glucose metabolism measures in all GRT groups. In conclusion, GRT affected the associations between systemic, adipose tissue-level and cellular measures against the background of obesogenic diet-induced metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Kotzé-Hörstmann
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. .,Institute for Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - D T Bedada
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - R Johnson
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. .,Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), PO Box 19070, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - L Mabasa
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. .,Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), PO Box 19070, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - H Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
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22
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Lee ES, Guo T, Srivastava RK, Shabbir A, Ibáñez CF. Activin receptor ALK4 promotes adipose tissue hyperplasia by suppressing differentiation of adipocyte precursors. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102716. [PMID: 36403856 PMCID: PMC9758429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy are the two main processes contributing to adipose tissue expansion, yet the mechanisms that regulate and balance their involvement in obesity are incompletely understood. Activin B/GDF-3 receptor ALK7 is expressed in mature adipocytes and promotes adipocyte hypertrophy upon nutrient overload by suppressing adrenergic signaling and lipolysis. In contrast, the role of ALK4, the canonical pan-activin receptor, in adipose tissue is unknown. Here, we report that, unlike ALK7, ALK4 is preferentially expressed in adipocyte precursors, where it suppresses differentiation, allowing proliferation and adipose tissue expansion. ALK4 expression in adipose tissue increases upon nutrient overload and positively correlates with fat depot mass and body weight, suggesting a role in adipose tissue hyperplasia during obesity. Mechanistically, ALK4 signaling suppresses expression of CEBPα and PPARγ, two master regulators of adipocyte differentiation. Conversely, ALK4 deletion enhances CEBPα/PPARγ expression and induces premature adipocyte differentiation, which can be rescued by CEBPα knockdown. These results clarify the function of ALK4 in adipose tissue and highlight the contrasting roles of the two activin receptors in the regulation of adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Soo Lee
- Department of Physiology and Life Sciences Institute, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tingqing Guo
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raj Kamal Srivastava
- Department of Physiology and Life Sciences Institute, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Assim Shabbir
- Division of General Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University, Health System, Singapore
| | - Carlos F Ibáñez
- Department of Physiology and Life Sciences Institute, National University of, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Life Science Park, Beijing, China; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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23
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Zapata RC, Carretero M, Reis FCG, Chaudry BS, Ofrecio J, Zhang D, Sasik R, Ciaraldi T, Petrascheck M, Osborn O. Adipocytes control food intake and weight regain via Vacuolar-type H + ATPase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5092. [PMID: 36042358 PMCID: PMC9427743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism becomes dysregulated in individuals with obesity and many of these changes persist after weight loss and likely play a role in weight regain. In these studies, we use a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and weight loss to study the transcriptional memory of obesity. We found that the 'metabolic memory' of obesity is predominantly localized in adipocytes. Utilizing a C. elegans-based food intake assay, we identify 'metabolic memory' genes that play a role in food intake regulation. We show that expression of ATP6v0a1, a subunit of V-ATPase, is significantly induced in both obese mouse and human adipocytes that persists after weight loss. C. elegans mutants deficient in Atp6v0A1/unc32 eat less than WT controls. Adipocyte-specific Atp6v0a1 knockout mice have reduced food intake and gain less weight in response to HFD. Pharmacological disruption of V-ATPase assembly leads to decreased food intake and less weight re-gain. In summary, using a series of genetic tools from invertebrates to vertebrates, we identify ATP6v0a1 as a regulator of peripheral metabolic memory, providing a potential target for regulation of food intake, weight loss maintenance and the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maria Carretero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Felipe Castellani Gomes Reis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Besma S Chaudry
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jachelle Ofrecio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Theodore Ciaraldi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Petrascheck
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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24
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Macrophage Polarization Mediated by Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induces Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169252. [PMID: 36012516 PMCID: PMC9409464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the prominent global health issues, contributing to the growing prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is considered as a key risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in adipose tissue and play an important role in adipose tissue inflammation. Mitochondria are critical for regulating macrophage polarization, differentiation, and survival. Changes to mitochondrial metabolism and physiology induced by extracellular signals may underlie the corresponding state of macrophage activation. Macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction is a key mediator of obesity-induced macrophage inflammatory response and subsequent systemic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial dysfunction drives the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which induces the release of IL-1β. IL-1β leads to decreased insulin sensitivity of insulin target cells via paracrine signaling or infiltration into the systemic circulation. In this review, we discuss the new findings on how obesity induces macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial dysfunction induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We also summarize therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria for the treatment of diabetes.
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25
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Emiliano AB, Lopatinsky NR, Kraljević M, Higuchi S, He Y, Haeusler RA, Schwartz GJ. Sex-specific differences in metabolic outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy and intermittent fasting in obese middle-aged mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E107-E121. [PMID: 35658544 PMCID: PMC9273270 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00017.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of obesity among middle-aged subjects, it is unclear if sex differences in middle age affect the metabolic outcomes of obesity therapies. Accordingly, in this study, middle-aged obese female and male mice were randomized to one of three groups: sleeve gastrectomy (SG), sham surgery ad libitum (SH-AL), or sham surgery with weight matching to SG through intermittent fasting with calorie restriction (SH-IF). Comprehensive measures of energy and glucose homeostasis, including energy intake, body weight, energy expenditure, glucose and insulin tolerance, and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) sympathetic innervation density were obtained. At the end of 8 wk, SG and SH-IF females had better metabolic outcomes than their male counterparts. SG females had improved weight loss maintenance, preservation of fat-free mass (FFM), higher total energy expenditure (TEE), normal locomotor activity, and reduced plasma insulin and white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammatory markers. SH-IF females also had lower plasma insulin and WAT inflammatory markers, and higher TEE than SH-IF males, despite their lower FFM. In addition, SH-IF females had higher iBAT sympathetic nerve density than SG and SH-AL females, whereas there were no differences among males. Notably, SH-IF mice of both sexes had the most improved glucose tolerance, highlighting the benefits of fasting, irrespective of weight loss. Results from this study demonstrate that in middle-aged obese mice, female sex is associated with better metabolic outcomes after SG or IF with calorie restriction. Clinical studies are needed to determine if sex differences should guide the choice of obesity therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY SG or IF with calorie restriction produces better metabolic outcomes in females than in males. IF with calorie restriction prevents metabolic adaptation, even in the face of fat-free mass loss. IF with calorie restriction in females only, is associated with increased iBAT sympathetic innervation, which possibly mitigates reductions in energy expenditure secondary to fat-free mass loss. Lastly, IF leads to better glucose homeostasis than SG, irrespective of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marko Kraljević
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sei Higuchi
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying He
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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26
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Remission of obesity and insulin resistance is not sufficient to restore mitochondrial homeostasis in visceral adipose tissue. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102353. [PMID: 35777200 PMCID: PMC9287736 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic plasticity is the ability of a biological system to adapt its metabolic phenotype to different environmental stressors. We used a whole-body and tissue-specific phenotypic, functional, proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic approach to systematically assess metabolic plasticity in diet-induced obese mice after a combined nutritional and exercise intervention. Although most obesity and overnutrition-related pathological features were successfully reverted, we observed a high degree of metabolic dysfunction in visceral white adipose tissue, characterized by abnormal mitochondrial morphology and functionality. Despite two sequential therapeutic interventions and an apparent global healthy phenotype, obesity triggered a cascade of events in visceral adipose tissue progressing from mitochondrial metabolic and proteostatic alterations to widespread cellular stress, which compromises its biosynthetic and recycling capacity. In humans, weight loss after bariatric surgery showed a transcriptional signature in visceral adipose tissue similar to our mouse model of obesity reversion. Overall, our data indicate that obesity prompts a lasting metabolic fingerprint that leads to a progressive breakdown of metabolic plasticity in visceral adipose tissue.
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27
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Abstract
TWEAK (tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis) is a member of the TNF superfamily that controls a multitude of cellular events including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. TWEAK control of these events is via an expanding list of intracellular signalling pathways which include NF-κB, ERK/MAPK, Notch, EGFR and AP-1. Two receptors have been identified for TWEAK - Fn14, which targets the membrane bound form of TWEAK, and CD163, which scavenges the soluble form of TWEAK. TWEAK appears to elicit specific events based on the receptor to which it binds, tissue type in which it is expressed, specific extrinsic conditions, and the presence of other cytokines. TWEAK signalling is protective in healthy tissues, but in chronic inflammatory states become detrimental to the tissue. Consistent data show a role for the TWEAK/FN14/CD163 axis in metabolic disease, chronic autoimmune diseases, and acute ischaemic stroke. Low circulating concentrations of soluble TWEAK are predictive of poor cardiovascular outcomes in those with and without diabetes. This review details the current understanding of the TWEAK/Fn14/CD163 axis as one of the chief regulators of immune signalling and its cell-specific role in metabolic disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Ratajczak
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, C-TRIC Building Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sarah D Atkinson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, C-TRIC Building Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catriona Kelly
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, C-TRIC Building Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
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28
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Rogal J, Roosz J, Teufel C, Cipriano M, Xu R, Eisler W, Weiss M, Schenke‐Layland K, Loskill P. Autologous Human Immunocompetent White Adipose Tissue-on-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104451. [PMID: 35466539 PMCID: PMC9218765 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated diseases, such as diabetes, have reached epidemic proportions globally. In this era of "diabesity", white adipose tissue (WAT) has become a target of high interest for therapeutic strategies. To gain insights into mechanisms of adipose (patho-)physiology, researchers traditionally relied on animal models. Leveraging Organ-on-Chip technology, a microphysiological in vitro model of human WAT is introduced: a tailored microfluidic platform featuring vasculature-like perfusion that integrates 3D tissues comprising all major WAT-associated cellular components (mature adipocytes, organotypic endothelial barriers, stromovascular cells including adipose tissue macrophages) in an autologous manner and recapitulates pivotal WAT functions, such as energy storage and mobilization as well as endocrine and immunomodulatory activities. A precisely controllable bottom-up approach enables the generation of a multitude of replicates per donor circumventing inter-donor variability issues and paving the way for personalized medicine. Moreover, it allows to adjust the model's degree of complexity via a flexible mix-and-match approach. This WAT-on-Chip system constitutes the first human-based, autologous, and immunocompetent in vitro adipose tissue model that recapitulates almost full tissue heterogeneity and can become a powerful tool for human-relevant research in the field of metabolism and its associated diseases as well as for compound testing and personalized- and precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
| | - Claudia Teufel
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Raylin Xu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
- Harvard Medical School (HMS)25 Shattuck StBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Clinic for PlasticReconstructiveHand and Burn SurgeryBG Trauma CenterEberhard Karls University TübingenSchnarrenbergstraße 95Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Women's HealthEberhard Karls University TübingenCalwerstrasse 7Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Katja Schenke‐Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Medicine/CardiologyCardiovascular Research LaboratoriesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645Los AngelesCA90095USA
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”Eberhard Karls University TuebingenRöntgenweg 11Tuebingen72076Germany
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenSilcherstr. 7/1Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
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29
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Phase angle as an easy diagnostic tool for the nutritionist in the evaluation of inflammatory changes during the active stage of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1591-1597. [PMID: 35614205 PMCID: PMC9130054 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs) have recently gained increasing interest for their anti-inflammatory effects. Phase angle (PhA), a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived measure used as a screening tool to assess inflammatory status in various clinical conditions has recently been suggested as a novel predictor of inflammatory status in correlation with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. PhA’s usefulness in monitoring inflammatory status changes in patients with obesity during active phase VLCKD has not yet been explored. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the role of PhA as a biomarker detecting early inflammatory status changes in women with overweight and obesity 1 month into the active stage of a VLCKD. Methods—Results This uncontrolled, single-center, open-label pilot clinical study investigated 260 consecutively enrolled Caucasian women aged 18–69 years (BMI 25.0–50.9 kg/m2) after 31 days of an active stage VLCKD. Anthropometric measurements and PhA were assessed. hs-CRP levels were determined by nephelometric assay. Dietary compliance, physical activity recommendations, and ketosis status were tested weekly by telephone recall. At Day 31, BMI, WC, and hs-CRP levels were observed to have decreased (∆−7.3 ± 2.9%, ∆−6.3 ± 5.0%, and ∆−38.9 ± 45.6%; respectively), while PhA had increased (∆+8.6 ± 12.5%). Changes in ∆ hs-CRP were significantly correlated with changes in BMI, WC, and PhA (p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the correlation between changes in ∆ PhA and ∆ hs-CRP remained statistically significant, albeit attenuated (p = 0.024). Conclusion This is the first study reporting how, along with the expected rapid effect on body weight, PhA changes during active stage VLKCD occurred very early on and independently of weight loss, and were negatively associated with hs-CRP levels. These findings further support the VLCKD as a first-line dietary intervention to obtain a rapid effect on the obesity-related inflammatory status. They also suggest the possible role of PhA as an easy diagnostic tool to detect inflammation, thereby avoiding blood sampling and expensive biochemical assays. It is also posited that changes in PhA could help nutritionists correctly plan the different stages of the VLCKD protocol.
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30
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Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Søndergaard E, Morgan-Bathke M, Lytle K, Delivanis DA, Ramos P, Carranza Leon BG, Jensen MD. Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2022; 71:381-393. [PMID: 34857544 PMCID: PMC8893944 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in AT function in humans is unclear. We tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression, and senescent cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC50). We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline and a subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a strong positive relationship between IC50 and abdominal subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate relationships between IC50 and abdominal AT inflammatory markers CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA were not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced IC50; however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content, senescent cells, or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect to lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Espinosa De Ycaza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Panamanian Institute of Biological Research, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Morgan-Bathke
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Viterbo University, La Crosse, WI
| | - Kelli Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Paola Ramos
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Barbara Gisella Carranza Leon
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael D. Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Corresponding author: Michael D. Jensen,
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de León-Guerrero SD, Salazar-León J, Meza-Sosa KF, Valle-Garcia D, Aguilar-León D, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. An enriched environment reestablishes metabolic homeostasis by reducing obesity-induced inflammation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274225. [PMID: 35112705 PMCID: PMC9227715 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity can lead to chronic inflammation in different tissues, generating insulin and leptin resistance and alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, favoring the development of degenerative diseases, including type II diabetes. Congruently, the inflammatory signaling inhibition prevents the development of obesity and restores insulin sensitivity. Via the enhancement of central nervous system activity, an enriched environment (EE) has beneficial effects on learning and memory as well as on immune cell functions and inflammation in different disease models. Here, we explored whether an EE can restore energy balance in obese mice that previously presented metabolic alterations. We discovered that an EE improved glucose metabolism, increased insulin signaling in liver, and reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, and increased lipolysis and browning in the white adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Finally, we found reduced inflammatory signaling and increased anorexigenic signaling in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed mice exposed to an EE. These data indicate that an EE is able to restore the metabolic imbalance caused by HFD feeding. Thus, we propose EE as a novel therapeutic approach for treating obesity-related metabolic alterations. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: A series of physiological, histochemical and molecular analyses reveal that enriched environment decreases inflammation in adipose tissue and in hypothalamus, re-establishing glucose metabolism in metabolically compromised mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Díaz de León-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, México
| | - Jonathan Salazar-León
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, México
| | - Karla F Meza-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, México
| | - David Valle-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, México
| | - Diana Aguilar-León
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, CP 14000, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, México
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, México
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Schwalb ME, Smith-Warner SA, Hou J, Rohan TE, Snetselaar L, Luo J, Genkinger JM. Sustained Weight Loss, Weight Cycling, and Weight Gain During Adulthood and Pancreatic Cancer Incidence in the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1009-1020. [PMID: 35102370 PMCID: PMC9393067 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality among women in the United States. Obesity is positively associated with PC risk. Current health recommendations focus on weight maintenance for healthy-weight individuals and weight loss for overweight/obese individuals; however, little research has assessed associations between PC risk and changes in weight throughout the life course. Using prospective cohort study data, we examined the relationship between baseline adulthood weight patterns self-reported between 1993 and 1998 and PC risk in 136,834 postmenopausal women with 873 incident PC cases through September 30, 2015, in the Women's Health Initiative. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, smoking habits, heavy alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Compared with women with stable weight, no significant associations were found between steady weight gain (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.22), sustained weight loss (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.87), or weight cycling patterns (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.30) and PC. Results were similar when the outcome definition was restricted to pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases. Overall, we did not find evidence to suggest that weight changes in adulthood significantly impact PC risk among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Correspondence to Dr. Jeanine Genkinger, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 712, New York, NY 10032 (e-mail: )
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Yin H, Yuan F, Jiao F, Niu Y, Jiang X, Deng J, Guo Y, Chen S, Zhai Q, Hu C, Li Y, Guo F. Intermittent Leucine Deprivation Produces Long-lasting Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity by Increasing Hepatic Gcn2 Expression. Diabetes 2022; 71:206-218. [PMID: 34740902 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Leucine deprivation improves insulin sensitivity; however, whether and how this effect can be extended are unknown. We hypothesized that intermittent leucine deprivation (ILD) might produce a long-term effect on improved insulin sensitivity via the formation of metabolic memory. Consistently, seven ILD cycles of treatment (1-day leucine-deficient diet, 3-day control diet) in mice produced a long-lasting (after a control diet was resumed for 49 days) effect on improved whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice, indicating the potential formation of metabolic memory. Furthermore, the effects of ILD depended on hepatic general control nondepressible 2 (GCN2) expression, as verified by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Moreover, ILD increased Gcn2 expression by reducing its DNA methylation at two CpG promoter sites controlled by demethylase growth arrest and DNA damage inducible b. Finally, ILD also improved insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant mice. Thus, ILD induces long-lasting improvements in insulin sensitivity by increasing hepatic Gcn2 expression via a reduction in its DNA methylation. These results provide novel insights into understanding of the link between leucine deprivation and insulin sensitivity, as well as potential nutritional intervention strategies for treating insulin resistance and related diseases. We also provide evidence for liver-specific metabolic memory after ILD and novel epigenetic mechanisms for Gcn2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxin Jiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Niu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Gálvez I, Navarro MC, Martín-Cordero L, Otero E, Hinchado MD, Ortega E. The Influence of Obesity and Weight Loss on the Bioregulation of Innate/Inflammatory Responses: Macrophages and Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030612. [PMID: 35276970 PMCID: PMC8840693 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and more susceptibility to infection, particularly viral infections, as clearly demonstrated in COVID-19. In this context, immunometabolism and metabolic flexibility of macrophages play an important role. Since inflammation is an inherent part of the innate response, strategies for decreasing the inflammatory response must avoid immunocompromise the innate defenses against pathogen challenges. The concept “bioregulation of inflammatory/innate responses” was coined in the context of the effects of exercise on these responses, implying a reduction in excessive inflammatory response, together with the preservation or stimulation of the innate response, with good transitions between pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages adapted to each individual’s inflammatory set-point in inflammatory diseases, particularly in obesity. The question now is whether these responses can be obtained in the context of weight loss by dietary interventions (low-fat diet or abandonment of the high-fat diet) in the absence of exercise, which can be especially relevant for obese individuals with difficulties exercising such as those suffering from persistent COVID-19. Results from recent studies are controversial and do not point to a clear anti-inflammatory effect of these dietary interventions, particularly in the adipose tissue. Further research focusing on the innate response is also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gálvez
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Carmen Navarro
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Leticia Martín-Cordero
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Nursing Department, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Otero
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Dolores Hinchado
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-289-300
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Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and progressive process affecting whole-body energy balance and is associated with comorbidities development. In addition to increased fat mass, obesity induces white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and fibrosis, leading to local and systemic metabolic dysfunctions, such as insulin resistance (IR). Accordingly, limiting inflammation or fibrosis deposition may improve IR and glucose homeostasis. Although no targeted therapy yet exists to slow or reverse adipose tissue fibrosis, a number of findings have clarified the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review, we highlight adipose tissue remodeling events shown to be associated with fibrosis deposition, with a focus on adipose progenitors involved in obesity-induced healthy as well as unhealthy WAT expansion. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach (NutriOmics) Research Unit, UMRS U1269, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; ,
| | | | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach (NutriOmics) Research Unit, UMRS U1269, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; , .,Nutrition Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Hajri T, Ewing D, Talishinskiy T, Amianda E, Eid S, Schmidt H. Depletion of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in RBCs and Changes of Inflammation Markers in Patients With Morbid Obesity Undergoing Gastric Bypass. J Nutr 2021; 151:2689-2696. [PMID: 34113966 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment for severe obesity. Despite this wide success, bariatric surgery is associated with increased risks of nutritional deficiencies. OBJECTIVES To examine whether Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) alters essential fatty acid (FA) status and inflammation markers. METHODS Subjects with obesity (n = 28; BMI > 40 kg/m2; mean age 48 years) were studied before and 1 year after RYGB. We collected blood samples before and 12 months after RYGB, and analyzed FA in RBCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and measured inflammation parameters in plasma. The proportion of total n-3 FAs was the primary outcome, while parameters related to other FAs and inflammation factors were the secondary parameters. In addition, PBMCs from 15 of the participants were cultured alone or with 100 and 200 μM DHA, and the production of IL-6, IL-1β, PGE2, and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2α) was assayed after endotoxin (LPS) stimulation. RESULTS RYGB induced a significant reduction of BMI (-30%) and improvement of insulin resistance (-49%). While the proportion of arachidonic acid was 15% higher after RYGB, the proportions of total and individual n-3 FAs were 50%-75% lower (P < 0.01). Consequently, the RBC omega-3 index and n-3:n-6 fatty acid ratio were 45% and 50% lower after surgery, respectively. In isolated PBMCs, LPS induced the production of IL-6, IL-1β, PGE2, and PGF2α in both pre- and post-RYGB cells, but the effects were 34%-65% higher (P < 0.05) after RYGB. This effect was abrogated by DHA supplementation. CONCLUSIONS This study presents evidence that RBC and PBMC n-3 FAs are severely reduced in patients with obesity after RYGB. DHA supplementation in PBMC moderates the production of inflammation markers, suggesting that n-3 FA supplementation would merit a trial in bariatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Hajri
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Douglas Ewing
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | | | - Erica Amianda
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Sebastian Eid
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Hans Schmidt
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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Bajpai G, Nahrendorf M. Infectious and lifestyle modifiers of immunity and host resilience. Immunity 2021; 54:1110-1122. [PMID: 34107270 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interindividual heterogeneity of the immune system likely determines the personal risk for acquiring infections and developing diseases with inflammatory components. In addition to genetic factors, the immune system's heterogeneity is driven by diverging exposures of leukocytes and their progenitors to infections, vaccinations, and health behavior, including lifestyle-related stimuli such as diet, physical inactivity, and psychosocial stress. We review how such experiences alter immune cell responses to concurrent and subsequent challenges, leading to either improved host resilience or disease susceptibility due to a muted or overzealous immune system, with a primary focus on the contribution of innate immune cells. We explore the involvement of diverse mechanisms, including trained immunity, and their relevance for infections and cardiovascular disease, as these prevalent conditions are heavily influenced by immune cell abundance and phenotypic adaptions. Understanding the mechanistic bases of immune modulations by prior or co-exposures may lead to new therapies targeting dysfunctional inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Bajpai
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Orphan GPR116 mediates the insulin sensitizing effects of the hepatokine FNDC4 in adipose tissue. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2999. [PMID: 34016966 PMCID: PMC8137956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper functional interaction between different tissues represents a key component in systemic metabolic control. Indeed, disruption of endocrine inter-tissue communication is a hallmark of severe metabolic dysfunction in obesity and diabetes. Here, we show that the FNDC4-GPR116, liver-white adipose tissue endocrine axis controls glucose homeostasis. We found that the liver primarily controlled the circulating levels of soluble FNDC4 (sFNDC4) and lowering of the hepatokine FNDC4 led to prediabetes in mice. Further, we identified the orphan adhesion GPCR GPR116 as a receptor of sFNDC4 in the white adipose tissue. Upon direct and high affinity binding of sFNDC4 to GPR116, sFNDC4 promoted insulin signaling and insulin-mediated glucose uptake in white adipocytes. Indeed, supplementation with FcsFNDC4 in prediabetic mice improved glucose tolerance and inflammatory markers in a white-adipocyte selective and GPR116-dependent manner. Of note, the sFNDC4-GPR116, liver-adipose tissue axis was dampened in (pre) diabetic human patients. Thus our findings will now allow for harnessing this endocrine circuit for alternative therapeutic strategies in obesity-related pre-diabetes. The soluble bioactive form of the transmembrane protein fibronectin type III domain containing 4 (sFNDC4) has anti-inflammatory effects and improves insulin sensitivity. Here the authors show that liver derived sFNDC4 signals through adipose tissue GPCR GPR116 to promote insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
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Dallio M, Romeo M, Gravina AG, Masarone M, Larussa T, Abenavoli L, Persico M, Loguercio C, Federico A. Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics in Metabolic- (Dysfunction) Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Novel Insights and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051679. [PMID: 34063372 PMCID: PMC8156164 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic- (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents the predominant hepatopathy and one of the most important systemic, metabolic-related disorders all over the world associated with severe medical and socio-economic repercussions due to its growing prevalence, clinical course (steatohepatitis and/or hepatocellular-carcinoma), and related extra-hepatic comorbidities. To date, no specific medications for the treatment of this condition exist, and the most valid recommendation for patients remains lifestyle change. MAFLD has been associated with metabolic syndrome; its development and progression are widely influenced by the interplay between genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics findings suggest nutrition’s capability, by acting on the individual genetic background and modifying the specific epigenetic expression as well, to influence patients’ clinical outcome. Besides, immunity response is emerging as pivotal in this multifactorial scenario, suggesting the interaction between diet, genetics, and immunity as another tangled network that needs to be explored. The present review describes the genetic background contribution to MAFLD onset and worsening, its possibility to be influenced by nutritional habits, and the interplay between nutrients and immunity as one of the most promising research fields of the future in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815666740
| | - Mario Romeo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Mario Masarone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Marcello Persico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
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Michailidou Z, Gomez-Salazar M, Alexaki VI. Innate Immune Cells in the Adipose Tissue in Health and Metabolic Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:4-30. [PMID: 33849008 DOI: 10.1159/000515117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes immunometabolic and functional transformation. Adipose tissue inflammation is driven by innate and adaptive immune cells and instigates insulin resistance. Here, we discuss the role of innate immune cells, that is, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells, in the adipose tissue in the healthy (lean) and diseased (obese) state and describe how their function is shaped by the obesogenic microenvironment, and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Moreover, we particularly outline the role of hypoxia as a central regulator in adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the long-lasting effects of adipose tissue inflammation and its potential reversibility through drugs, caloric restriction, or exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Michailidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Inflammation: zwischen Adipositas, Diabetes und Sport. DIABETOLOGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11428-021-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yeung C, Shi IQ, Sung HK. Physiological Responses of Post-Dietary Effects: Lessons from Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020062. [PMID: 33498462 PMCID: PMC7909542 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dieting regimens such as calorie restriction (CR) are among the most commonly practiced interventions for weight management and metabolic abnormalities. Due to its independence from pharmacological agents and considerable flexibility in regimens, many individuals turn to dieting as a form of mitigation and maintenance of metabolic health. While metabolic benefits of CR have been widely studied, weight loss maintenance and metabolic benefits are reported to be lost overtime when the diet regimen has been terminated—referred to as post-dietary effects. Specifically, due to the challenges of long-term adherence and compliance to dieting, post-dietary repercussions such as body weight regain and loss of metabolic benefits pose as major factors in the efficacy of CR. Intermittent fasting (IF) regimens, which are defined by periodic energy restriction, have been deemed as more flexible, compliant, and easily adapted diet interventions that result in many metabolic benefits which resemble conventional CR diets. Many individuals find that IF regimens are easier to adhere to, resulting in fewer post-dietary effects; therefore, IF may be a more effective intervention. Unfortunately, there is a severe gap in current research regarding IF post-dietary effects. We recognize the importance of understanding the sustainability of dieting; as such, we will review the known physiological responses of CR post-dietary effects and its potential mechanisms through synthesizing lessons from both pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review aims to provide insight from a translational medicine perspective to allow for the development of more practical and effective diet interventions. We suggest more flexible and easily practiced dieting regimens such as IF due to its more adaptable and practical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Yeung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.Y.); (I.Q.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Irisa Qianwen Shi
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.Y.); (I.Q.S.)
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.Y.); (I.Q.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Maude H, Sanchez-Cabanillas C, Cebola I. Epigenetics of Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681356. [PMID: 34046015 PMCID: PMC8147868 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is largely recognized as a unifying feature that underlies metabolic dysfunction. Both lifestyle and genetic factors contribute to IR. Work from recent years has demonstrated that the epigenome may constitute an interface where different signals may converge to promote IR gene expression programs. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of epigenetics in hepatic IR, focusing on the roles of DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. We discuss the broad epigenetic changes observed in the insulin resistant liver and its associated pathophysiological states and leverage on the wealth of 'omics' studies performed to discuss efforts in pinpointing specific loci that are disrupted by these changes. We envision that future studies, with increased genomic resolution and larger cohorts, will further the identification of biomarkers of early onset hepatic IR and assist the development of targeted interventions. Furthermore, there is growing evidence to suggest that persistent epigenetic marks may be acquired over prolonged exposure to disease or deleterious exposures, highlighting the need for preventative medicine and long-term lifestyle adjustments to avoid irreversible or long-term alterations in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inês Cebola
- *Correspondence: Hannah Maude, ; Inês Cebola,
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Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C375-C391. [PMID: 33356944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of preclinical and clinical research have confirmed that chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is mechanistically linked to metabolic disease and organ tissue complications in the overweight and obese organism. Despite this widely confirmed paradigm, numerous open questions and knowledge gaps remain to be investigated. This is mainly due to the intricately intertwined cross-talk of various pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling cascades involved in the immune response of expanding adipose depots, particularly the visceral adipose tissue. Adipose tissue inflammation is initiated and sustained over time by dysfunctional adipocytes that secrete inflammatory adipokines and by infiltration of bone marrow-derived immune cells that signal via production of cytokines and chemokines. Despite its low-grade nature, adipose tissue inflammation negatively impacts remote organ function, a phenomenon that is considered causative of the complications of obesity. The aim of this review is to broadly present an overview of adipose tissue inflammation by highlighting the most recent reports in the scientific literature and summarizing our overall understanding of the field. We also discuss key endogenous anti-inflammatory mediators and analyze their mechanistic role(s) in the pathogenesis and treatment of adipose tissue inflammation. In doing so, we hope to stimulate studies to uncover novel physiological, cellular, and molecular targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kawai
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and The Limole Center for Integrated Lymphatic Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V Autieri
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and The Limole Center for Integrated Lymphatic Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosario Scalia
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and The Limole Center for Integrated Lymphatic Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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45
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Aparecida Silveira E, Vaseghi G, de Carvalho Santos AS, Kliemann N, Masoudkabir F, Noll M, Mohammadifard N, Sarrafzadegan N, de Oliveira C. Visceral Obesity and Its Shared Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review of the Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9042. [PMID: 33261185 PMCID: PMC7730690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated in animal and epidemiological studies. However, the specific role of visceral obesity on cancer and CVD remains unclear. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a complex and metabolically active tissue, that can produce different adipokines and hormones, responsible for endocrine-metabolic comorbidities. This review explores the potential mechanisms related to VAT that may also be involved in cancer and CVD. In addition, we discuss the shared pharmacological treatments which may reduce the risk of both diseases. This review highlights that chronic inflammation, molecular aspects, metabolic syndrome, secretion of hormones and adiponectin associated to VAT may have synergistic effects and should be further studied in relation to cancer and CVD. Reductions in abdominal and visceral adiposity improve insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and cytokines, which consequently reduce the risk of CVD and some cancers. Several medications have shown to reduce visceral and/or subcutaneous fat. Further research is needed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms by which visceral obesity may cause both cancer and CVD. The role of visceral fat in cancer and CVD is an important area to advance. Public health policies to increase public awareness about VAT's role and ways to manage or prevent it are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Annelisa Silva de Carvalho Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
- United Faculty of Campinas, Goiânia 74525-020, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Kliemann
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
| | - Matias Noll
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Ceres 76300-000, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
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46
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Mitroulis I, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Trained Immunity and Cardiometabolic Disease: The Role of Bone Marrow. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:48-54. [PMID: 33207931 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, immunologic memory was considered an exclusive characteristic of adaptive immunity. However, recent advances suggest that the innate arm of the immune system can also mount a type of nonspecific memory responses. Innate immune cells can elicit a robust response to subsequent inflammatory challenges after initial activation by certain stimuli, such as fungal-derived agents or vaccines. This type of memory, termed trained innate immunity (also named innate immune memory), is associated with epigenetic and metabolic alterations. Hematopoietic progenitor cells, which are the cells responsible for the generation of mature myeloid cells at steady-state and during inflammation, have a critical contribution to the induction of innate immune memory. Inflammation-triggered alterations in cellular metabolism, the epigenome and transcriptome of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow promote long-lasting functional changes, resulting in increased myelopoiesis and consequent generation of trained innate immune cells. In the present brief review, we focus on the involvement of hematopoietic progenitors in the process of trained innate immunity and its possible role in cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Germany (I.M., T.C.).,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (I.M.).,First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Haematology and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (I.M.)
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (G.H.)
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Germany (I.M., T.C.).,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (T.C.)
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47
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Xing S, Liu R, Zhao G, Liu L, Groenen MAM, Madsen O, Zheng M, Yang X, Crooijmans RPMA, Wen J. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Hub Genes Involved in Chicken Intramuscular Fat and Abdominal Fat Deposition During Development. Front Genet 2020; 11:1009. [PMID: 33117416 PMCID: PMC7493673 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat traits are important in the chicken industry where there is a desire for high intramuscular fat (IMF) and low abdominal fat. However, there is limited knowledge on the relationship between the dynamic status of gene expression and the body fat deposition in chicken. Transcriptome data were obtained from breast muscle and abdominal fat of female chickens from nine developmental stages (from embryonic day 12 to hatched day 180). In total, 8,545 genes in breast muscle and 6,824 genes in abdominal fat were identified as developmentally dynamic genes. Weighted correlation network analysis was used to identify gene modules and the hub genes. Twenty-one hub genes were identified, e.g., ENSGALG00000041996, which represents a candidate for high IMF, and CREB3L1, which relates to low abdominal fat weight. The transcript factor L3MBTL1 and the transcript factor cofactors TNIP1, HAT1, and BEND6 related to both high breast muscle IMF and low abdominal fat weight. Our results provide a resource of developmental transcriptome profiles in chicken breast muscle and abdominal fat. The candidate genes can be used in the selection for increased IMF content and/or a decrease in abdominal fat weight which would contribute to the improvement of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ranran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ole Madsen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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48
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Sougiannis AT, VanderVeen BN, Cranford TL, Enos RT, Velazquez KT, McDonald S, Bader JE, Chatzistamou I, Fan D, Murphy EA. Impact of weight loss and partial weight regain on immune cell and inflammatory markers in adipose tissue in male mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:909-919. [PMID: 32853106 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00356.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight fluctuations are common among individuals with obesity and are associated with increased morbidity. We examined adipose tissue immune and inflammatory markers in mice following weight loss and partial weight regain. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four groups (n = 8-10/group): low-fat diet for 32 wk (LFD), high-fat diet for 32 wk (HFD), LFD for 28 wk and then changed to a HFD for 4 wk (LFD→H), and HFD for 21 wk and then changed to LFD for 7 wk and then changed to HFD for 4 wk (HFD→L→H). LFD→H and HFD→L→H mice did not differ in body weight, fat mass, or fat percentage; however, these parameters were greater than in LFD (P < 0.05) but lower than in HFD (P < 0.05). HFD→L→H mice had smaller adipocytes than HFD and LFD→H (P < 0.05) but not LFD mice. Expressions of CD11c and CD8a genes were elevated in epididymal fat of HFD→L→H compared with LFD→H and LFD (P < 0.05)mice. However, CD11c was lower in HFD→L→H than in HFD mice (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in CD8a between these groups. TNFα and IFNγ expressions were increased in HFD→L→H compared with LFD and LFD→H mice (P < 0.05), although HFD→L→H had lower expression of these cytokines than HFD (P < 0.05). IL-1β was greater in HFD→L→H compared with LFD (P < 0.05) but was not different from LFD→H or HFD mice. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was lower (P < 0.05) in HFD→L→H than in LFD→H. These data reinforce the importance of maintaining a body weight in the range that is recommended for optimal health to reduce immune and inflammatory perturbations associated with obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined the immune and inflammatory status of adipose tissue in mice after they underwent weight loss followed by partial weight regain. We show an increase in selected immune cells and inflammatory mediators, in high-fat diet-fed mice that had prior exposure to a high-fat diet. Although weight fluctuations appear to exacerbate immune cell abundance and inflammation in adipose tissue, severity is less than in mice that were exposed to sustained high-fat diet feedings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Sougiannis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Taryn L Cranford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kandy T Velazquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Sierra McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jackie E Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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49
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Beutler LR, Corpuz TV, Ahn JS, Kosar S, Song W, Chen Y, Knight ZA. Obesity causes selective and long-lasting desensitization of AgRP neurons to dietary fat. eLife 2020; 9:e55909. [PMID: 32720646 PMCID: PMC7398661 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Body weight is regulated by interoceptive neural circuits that track energy need, but how the activity of these circuits is altered in obesity remains poorly understood. Here we describe the in vivo dynamics of hunger-promoting AgRP neurons during the development of diet-induced obesity in mice. We show that high-fat diet attenuates the response of AgRP neurons to an array of nutritionally-relevant stimuli including food cues, intragastric nutrients, cholecystokinin and ghrelin. These alterations are specific to dietary fat but not carbohydrate or protein. Subsequent weight loss restores the responsiveness of AgRP neurons to exterosensory cues but fails to rescue their sensitivity to gastrointestinal hormones or nutrients. These findings reveal that obesity triggers broad dysregulation of hypothalamic hunger neurons that is incompletely reversed by weight loss and may contribute to the difficulty of maintaining a reduced weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jamie S Ahn
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Seher Kosar
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Weimin Song
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Comprehensive Metabolic CoreChicagoUnited States
| | - Yiming Chen
- UCSF Department of PhysiologySan FranciscoUnited States
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate ProgramSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Zachary A Knight
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
- UCSF Department of PhysiologySan FranciscoUnited States
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate ProgramSan FranciscoUnited States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental NeuroscienceSan FranciscoUnited States
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50
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Rodrigues MOM, Evangelista-Silva PH, Neves NN, Moreno LG, Santos CS, Rocha KLS, Ottone VO, Batista-da-Silva B, Dias-Peixoto MF, Magalhães FC, Esteves EA. Caloric restriction-induced weight loss with a high-fat diet does not fully recover visceral adipose tissue inflammation in previously obese C57BL/6 mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1353-1359. [PMID: 32574503 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) reduces body weight and systemic inflammation, but the effects on adipose tissue under dietary lipid overload are controversial. We evaluated the effects of CR-induced weight loss with a high-fat diet on adipose tissue inflammation of obese mice. Male mice were assigned into low-fat diet (LF) and high-fat diet (HF) groups. After 8 weeks, the mice in the HF group were reassigned for another 7 weeks into the following 3 conditions: (i) kept in the HF condition; (ii) changed to low-fat diet ad libitum (LFAL); and (iii) changed to high-fat calorie-restricted (RHF) diet to reach LFAL body weight. Serum markers, adipocytokines, morphology, and inflammatory infiltrates in retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RAT) were accessed. The body weights of the LFAL and RHF groups were reduced, equaling the body weights of the LF group. The LFAL mice had restored almost all inflammatory markers as the LF mice, except tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and adiponectin. Compared with the HF group, the RHF group had lowered visceral adiposity, retroperitoneal adipocyte sizes, and RAT inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as TNF-α, interleukin-6, and hepatic and serum C-reactive protein, which were higher than that of the LFAL group; adiponectin and MCP-1 did not change. CR with high-fat diet reduced body weight and attenuated visceral adiposity but did not fully recover visceral tissue inflammation. Novelty Caloric restriction in a high-fat diet ameliorated visceral adiposity. Caloric restriction in a high-fat diet did not recover visceral adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O M Rodrigues
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - P H Evangelista-Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - N N Neves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - L G Moreno
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - C S Santos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - K L S Rocha
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - V O Ottone
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - B Batista-da-Silva
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil
| | - M F Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - F C Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - E A Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
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