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Li K, Li K, He Y, Liang S, Shui X, Lei W. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: A bridge linking immuno-inflammation and metabolism in atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115744. [PMID: 37579858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and atherosclerosis is a major contributor to this etiology. The ligand-activated transcription factor, known as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), plays an essential role in the interactions between genes and the environment. In a number of human diseases, including atherosclerosis, the AhR signaling pathway has recently been shown to be aberrantly expressed and activated. It's reported that AhR can regulate the immuno-inflammatory response and metabolism pathways in atherosclerosis, potentially serving as a bridge that links these processes. In this review, we highlight the involvement of AhR in atherosclerosis. From the literature, we conclude that AhR is a potential target for controlling atherosclerosis through precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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Ma J, Chen J, Wang H, Lu D, Liang K. AhR regulates VEGF expression by promoting STAT1 transcriptional activity, thereby affecting endothelial angiogenesis in acute limb ischemia. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110253. [PMID: 36347318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis has great potential in the treatment of acute limb ischemia (ALI). Here, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) on angiogenesis in ALI. METHODS The ALI mouse model was constructed by femoral artery ligation, and the cell ischemia injury was induced by Hypoxia/serum deprivation. The laser doppler perfusion imaging was executed to detect the limb blood flow velocity. The tube formation assay was performed to evaluate angiogenesis. The cell viability was measured by 3-(45)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-35-di-phenytetrazoliumromide. The cell migration was detected by wound healing assay. Hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were conducted. RESULTS In ALI models, AhR expression was increased and translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus. Besides, necrosis and inflammatory infiltration were also increased in gastrocnemius tissues of model mice. In addition, AhR loss (LV-sh-AhR) promoted cell viability, angiogenesis, and migration, and also elevated the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Tie2, and Ang2 in HUVEC models with Hypoxia/serum deprivation injury. Meanwhile, the interaction between AhR and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), as well as STAT1 and VEGF, has also been confirmed. Co-transfection of LV-sh-AhR and LV-STAT1 suppressed cell viability, angiogenesis, and migration of injured HUVECs. Furthermore, injection of AAV2/9-shAhR in vivo also promoted angiogenesis, which was consistent with the in vitro experimental results. CONCLUSIONS In ALI models, activated AhR was translocated to the nucleus and down-regulated VEGF expression by promoting the transcriptional activity of STAT1, thereby inhibiting endothelial angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Ma
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Jiangbo Chen
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Danghui Lu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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Fu C, Li Y, Xi H, Niu Z, Chen N, Wang R, Yan Y, Gan X, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Lv P. Benzo(a)pyrene and cardiovascular diseases: An overview of pre-clinical studies focused on the underlying molecular mechanism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:978475. [PMID: 35990352 PMCID: PMC9386258 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.978475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) whose toxicological effects in the vessel-wall cells have been recognized. Many lines of evidence suggest that tobacco smoking and foodborne BaP exposure play a pivotal role in the dysfunctions of vessel-wall cells, such as vascular endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cells, which contribute to the formation and worsening of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To clarify the underlying molecular mechanism of BaP-evoked CVDs, the present study mainly focused on both cellular and animal reports whose keywords include BaP and atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, hypertension, or myocardial injury. This review demonstrated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its relative signal transduction pathway exert a dominant role in the oxidative stress, inflammation response, and genetic toxicity of vessel-wall cells. Furthermore, antagonists and synergists of BaP are also discussed to better understand its mechanism of action on toxic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Fu
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuemin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Xi
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zemiao Niu
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoruo Gan
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengtian Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Mallah MA, Changxing L, Mallah MA, Noreen S, Liu Y, Saeed M, Xi H, Ahmed B, Feng F, Mirjat AA, Wang W, Jabar A, Naveed M, Li JH, Zhang Q. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and its effects on human health: An overeview. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133948. [PMID: 35151703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals of considerable environmental significance. PAHs are chemical contaminants of fused carbon and hydrogen aromatic rings, basically white, light-yellow, or solid compounds without color. Natural sources of pollution are marginal or less significant, such as volcanic eruptions, natural forest fires, and moorland fires that trigger lightning bursts. The significant determinants of PAH pollution are anthropogenic pollution sources, classified into four groups, i.e., industrial, mobile, domestic, and agricultural pollution sources. Humans can consume PAHs via different routes, such as inhalation, dermal touch, and ingestion. The Effect of PAHs on human health is primarily based on the duration and route of exposure, the volume or concentration of PAHs to which one is exposed, and the relative toxicity of PAHs. Many PAHs are widely referred to as carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens and thus pose a significant danger to human health and the well-being of humans. Skin, lung, pancreas, esophagus, bladder, colon, and female breast are numerous organs prone to tumor development due to long-term PAH exposure. PAH exposure may increase the risk of lung cancer as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction (MI). Preclinical studies have found a relationship between PAH exposure, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis. In addition, investigations have discovered a relationship between PAH exposure at work and CVD illness and mortality development. This review aims to explain PAH briefly, its transportation, its effects on human health, and a relationship between environmental exposures to PAHs and CVD risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manthar Ali Mallah
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li Changxing
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 81000, China
| | - Mukhtiar Ali Mallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, 67480, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 6300, Pakistan
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- The Cholestane University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - He Xi
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy. Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ali Asghar Mirjat
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Abdul Jabar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy. Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 81000, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Sroczyńska K, Totoń-Żurańska J, Czepiel J, Zając-Grabiec A, Jurczyszyn A, Wołkow P, Librowski T, Gdula-Argasińska J. Therapeutic role of eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acid in benzo(a) pyrene-induced toxicity in HUVEC endothelial cells. Life Sci 2022; 293:120345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Duan J, Chen C, Li H, Ju G, Gao A, Sun Y, Zhang W. Multifaceted Protective Effects of Hesperidin by Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor in Endothelial Cell Injury Induced by Benzo[a]Pyrene. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030574. [PMID: 35276933 PMCID: PMC8838654 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) causes atherosclerosis by activating the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway to trigger lipid peroxidation and inflammation, thereby promoting the development of atherosclerosis. Hesperidin (Hsd), one of the 60 flavonoids of citrus, exhibits therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. However, its antagonistic function for BaP remains unclear. In this study, the EA.hy926 cell model was used to systematically examine the antagonistic effect of Hsd with BaP, especially in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and transport. Results showed that Hsd could reduce BaP-induced AHR activation in mRNA and protein expression level, and reduce LDL accumulation by decreasing the BaP-induced expression of advanced glycation end products and enhancing the BaP-inhibited Adenosine Triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein and mRNA expression in EA.hy926 cells. In addition, Hsd could antagonize BaP-induced interaction of reactive oxygen species and the subsequent generation of oxidized LDL and malondialdehyde. Finally, Hsd could alleviate BaP-induced inflammatory response by decreasing IL-1β and TNF-α expression. All these results suggest that Hsd suppresses LDL accumulation, oxidation, and inflammatory response, and thus strongly impedes the AHR pathway activated by BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Hong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gaoyan Ju
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Correspondence:
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García-González I, Pérez-Mendoza G, Solís-Cárdenas A, Flores-Ocampo J, Herrera-Sánchez LF, Mendoza-Alcocer R, González-Herrera L. Genetic variants of PON1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and locus 9p21.3, and the risk for premature coronary artery disease in Yucatan, Mexico. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23701. [PMID: 34766662 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants of PON1, rs70587, rs662, rs854560, GSTM1, and GSTT1 and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at 9p21.3 locus, rs1333049, and rs2383207; were evaluated in association with the risk for premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in a population of Yucatan, Mexico. These genes are involved in the inactivation of pro-oxidants and pro-inflammatory mediators, lipid and xenobiotic metabolism, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and regulation of cellular proliferation playing key roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study with 98 CAD cases and 101 healthy controls. Genotyping of PON1 and 9p21.2 SNP was performed by real time-PCR and for GSTM1 and GSTT1 with multiplex-PCR. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to estimate association and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) algorithm to identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. RESULTS The distribution of all allele/genotype frequencies in controls was within Hardy-Weinberg expectations (p > .05) except for GSTM1. The allele/genotype frequencies of the GSTT1 null were significantly higher in CAD cases than in controls, suggesting association with higher risk for developing CAD. The other SNPs did not show any significant independent association with premature CAD. GMDR revealed a significant interaction between GSTT1 and LL55 genotype. Likewise, the body mass index (BMI) and smoking also showed an interaction with GSTT1. CONCLUSION The GSTT1 null allele/genotype is associated with an increased risk of developing premature CAD, the effect of which is not modified by cardiovascular risk factors in the population of Yucatan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igrid García-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pérez-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Flores-Ocampo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Regional del ISSSTE, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Renan Mendoza-Alcocer
- Centro Estatal de la transfusión sanguínea, Servicios de Salud de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth González-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Chen YY, Kao TW, Wang CC, Chen YJ, Wu CJ, Lai CH, Chen WL. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and mortality risk in an adult population. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:37-45. [PMID: 32710234 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure has been shown to increase the risk of various cancers and may be associated with carcinogenic mortality. However, no study has explored the relationship between environmental PAH exposure and mortality in general population. The aim of our study was to explore the association between PAH exposure and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a general US adult population. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001-2006) based on the information in this dataset on 692 males and 717 females. PAH exposure was detected using biomarkers from urine samples. Follow-up data on mortality were derived from initial examination of the subjects until death or 31 December 2006 in the NHANES database. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) of PAH metabolites among all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model after adjusting for covariates. Among males, 3-phenanthrene was positively associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.043, 95%CI 1.019-1.066). Female participants with higher 2-napthol (HR 1.043, 95%CI 1.014-1.072), 3-fluorene (HR 2.159, 95%CI 1.233-3.779), and 1-phenanthrene (HR = 1.259, 95%CI 1.070-1.481) levels had increased all-cause mortality. In addition, high 3-phenanthrene (HR 1.333, 95%CI 1.008-1.763) and 1-phenanthrene (HR 1.463, 95%CI 1.126-1.900) levels increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, there were no significant findings for cancer mortality in both genders. Environmental PAH exposure among the adult population is associated with non-carcinogenic but not cancer mortality. Future studies are warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms related to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jung Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Cao L, Wang D, Zhu C, Wang B, Cen X, Chen A, Zhou H, Ye Z, Tan Q, Nie X, Feng X, Xie Y, Yuan J, Chen W. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in urban adults: The mediating role of oxidatively damaged DNA. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114860. [PMID: 32504891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure has been considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), whereas possible mechanisms for this association have not been fully understood. This study focused on exploring the potential effect of oxidatively damaged DNA on the relationships between PAH exposure and the 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk. Urinary levels of monohydroxy PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG, the typical biomarker for oxidatively damaged DNA) were measured among 3052 subjects in the baseline of the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort. The relationships between urinary OH-PAHs, 8-oxodG and 10-year risk of ASCVD were analyzed by linear mixed models and logistic regression models, respectively. The mediation analysis was further applied to explore the role of 8-oxodG in the relationship between urinary OH-PAHs and 10-year ASCVD risk. After controlling for potential confounders, the log-transformed level of total urinary low molecular weight OH-PAHs (∑LMW OH-PAHs) was significantly associated with an elevated risk of 10-year ASCVD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.222, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.065-1.402]. More specifically, significantly positive dose-response relationships between total urinary hydroxynaphthalene (∑OHNa), hydroxyfluorene (∑OHFlu), hydroxyphenanthrene (∑OHPh) and 10-year ASCVD risk were observed (all P for trend <0.05). We also found positive relationships between urinary OH-PAH levels and 8-oxodG, as well as between urinary 8-oxodG levels and 10-year risk of ASCVD. Moreover, mediation analyses indicated that urinary 8-oxodG mediated 14.49%, 12.62% and 10.55% of the associations between urinary ∑LMW OH-PAHs, ∑OHNa, ∑OHFlu and 10-year ASCVD risk, respectively. These findings suggest that the oxidatively damaged DNA pathway may be a possible mechanism underlying PAH-associated ASCVD risk elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Cao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Chunmei Zhu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xingzu Cen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ailian Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qiyou Tan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiuquan Nie
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiaobing Feng
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yujia Xie
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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10
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He M, Ichinose T, Ito T, Toriba A, Yoshida S, Kaori S, Nishikawa M, Sun G, Shibamoto T. Investigation of inflammation inducing substances in PM2.5 particles by an elimination method using thermal decomposition. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1137-1148. [PMID: 31318498 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The substances associated with PM2.5-induced inflammatory response were investigated using an elimination method. PM2.5 were heated at temperatures of 120, 250, and 360°C. The results demonstrated microbial substances such as LPS and b-glucan, and chemicals including BaP, 1,2-NQ, and 9,10-PQ were reduced drastically in PM2.5 heated at 120°C. On the other hand, DBA, 7,12-BAQ, and BaP-1,6-Q were not noticeably reduced. Most of these substances had disappeared in PM2.5 heated at 250°C and 360°C. Metals (eg, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni) in PM2.5 exhibited a slight thermo-dependent increase. RAW264.7 macrophages with or without NAC were exposed to unheated PM2.5, oxidative stress-related and unrelated inflammatory responses were induced. PM2.5-induced lung inflammation in mice is caused mainly by thermo-sensitive substances (LPS, b-glucan, BaP, 1,2-NQ, 9,10-PQ, etc.). Also, a slight involvement of thermo-resistant substances (DBA, 7,12-BAQ, BaP-1,6-Q, etc.) and transition metals was observed. The thermal decomposition method could assist to evaluate the PM2.5-induded lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Liaoning Province, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ito
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Toriba
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yoshida
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
| | - Sadakane Kaori
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishikawa
- Environmental Chemistry Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Guifan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Liaoning Province, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Takayuki Shibamoto
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California
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11
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Holme JA, Brinchmann BC, Refsnes M, Låg M, Øvrevik J. Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles. Environ Health 2019; 18:74. [PMID: 31439044 PMCID: PMC6704565 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the most important environmental risk factor for disease and premature death, and exposure to combustion particles from vehicles is a major contributor. Human epidemiological studies combined with experimental studies strongly suggest that exposure to combustion particles may enhance the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis and myocardial infarction.In this review we hypothesize that adhered organic chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contribute to development or exacerbation of CVD from combustion particles exposure. We summarize present knowledge from existing human epidemiological and clinical studies as well as experimental studies in animals and relevant in vitro studies. The available evidence suggests that organic compounds attached to these particles are significant triggers of CVD. Furthermore, their effects seem to be mediated at least in part by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The mechanisms include AhR-induced changes in gene expression as well as formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive electrophilic metabolites. This is in accordance with a role of PAHs, as they seem to be the major chemical group on combustion particles, which bind AhR and/or is metabolically activated by CYP-enzymes. In some experimental models however, it seems as PAHs may induce an inflammatory atherosclerotic plaque phenotype irrespective of DNA- and/or AhR-ligand binding properties. Thus, various components and several signalling mechanisms/pathways are likely involved in CVD induced by combustion particles.We still need to expand our knowledge about the role of PAHs in CVD and in particular the relative importance of the different PAH species. This warrants further studies as enhanced knowledge on this issue may amend risk assessment of CVD caused by combustion particles and selection of efficient measures to reduce the health effects of particular matters (PM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Shen C, Liu J, Zhu F, Lei R, Cheng H, Zhang C, Sui X, Ding L, Yang M, Chen H, Ding R, Cao J. The effects of cooking oil fumes-derived PM 2.5 on blood vessel formation through ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:690-698. [PMID: 30878009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooking oil fumes (COFs), a main pollutant in kitchen air, is a major risk to human health. In our previous research, exposure to COFs-derived PM2.5 could cause umbilical vascular endothelial dysfunction, leading to decreased fetal weight. Here, to test the role of ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in blood vessel formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) caused by COFs-derived PM2.5, the cells were exposed to COFs-derived PM2.5 at different concentrations with and without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). METHODS MTT assay was used to determine HUVECs viability. Intracellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS levels were assessed with DCFH-DA and MitoSOX™ assay. The levels of proteins and mRNA involved in NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and VEGF were measured by western blot and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Tube formation in HUVECs was detected by tube formation assay. RESULTS The results revealed that COFs-derived PM2.5 exposure reduced HUVECs viability, increased the intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels in cells, and up-regulated the levels of proteins and mRNA involved in NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. However, the protein and mRNA expression of VEGF were reduced with the increasing exposure concentrations. In addition, COFs-derived PM2.5 also affected the tube formation. However, co-incubation with NAC effectively rescued the damages caused by COFs-derived PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSIONS This study proved that COFs-derived PM2.5 could significantly reduce HUVECs viability, induce the overproduction of ROS, lead to inflammation and inhibit VEGF expression, thus affect angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro. It was revealed that the impact caused by COFs-derived PM2.5 on blood vessel formation through a ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Ruoqian Lei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xinmiao Sui
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Liu Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical Universit, 15 Yimin Road, Hefei, China.
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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13
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Zhang SY, Shao D, Liu H, Feng J, Feng B, Song X, Zhao Q, Chu M, Jiang C, Huang W, Wang X. Metabolomics analysis reveals that benzo[a]pyrene, a component of PM 2.5, promotes pulmonary injury by modifying lipid metabolism in a phospholipase A2-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. Redox Biol 2017; 13:459-469. [PMID: 28715731 PMCID: PMC5512213 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μM (PM2.5) is one of the major environmental pollutants in China. In this study, we carried out a metabolomics profile study on PM2.5-induced inflammation. PM2.5 from Beijing, China, was collected and given to rats through intra-tracheal instillation in vivo. Acute pulmonary injury were observed by pulmonary function assessment and H.E. staining. The lipid metabolic profile was also altered with increased phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolites in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after PM2.5 instillation. Organic component analysis revealed that benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most abundant and toxic components in the PM2.5 collected on the fiber filter. In vitro, BaP was used to treat A549 cells, an alveolar type II cell line. BaP (4μM, 24h) induced inflammation in the cells. Metabolomics analysis revealed that BaP (4μM, 6h) treatment altered the cellular lipid metabolic profile with increased phospholipid metabolites and reduced sphingolipid metabolites and free fatty acids (FFAs). The proportion of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was also decreased. Mechanically, BaP (4μM) increased the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity at 4h as well as the mRNA level of Pla2g2a at 12h. The pro-inflammatory effect of BaP was reversed by the cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) inhibitor and chelator of intracellular Ca2+. This study revealed that BaP, as a component of PM2.5, induces pulmonary injury by activating PLA2 and elevating lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in a Ca2+-dependent manner in the alveolar type II cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Shao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Asweto CO, Wu J, Hu H, Feng L, Yang X, Duan J, Sun Z. Combined Effect of Silica Nanoparticles and Benzo[a]pyrene on Cell Cycle Arrest Induction and Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030289. [PMID: 28282959 PMCID: PMC5369125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) such as ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) and the organic compound pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) are widespread in the environment. UFP and PAH are present in the air, and their presence may enhance their individual adverse effects on human health. However, the mechanism and effect of their combined interactions on human cells are not well understood. We investigated the combined toxicity of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) (UFP) and Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (PAH) on human endothelial cells. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to SiNPs or B[a]P, or a combination of SiNPs and B[a]P. The toxicity was investigated by assessing cellular oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Our results show that SiNPs were able to induce reactive oxygen species generation (ROS). B[a]P, when acting alone, had no toxicity effect. However, a co-exposure of SiNPs and B[a]P synergistically induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M check point, and apoptosis. The co-exposure induced G2/M arrest through the upregulation of Chk1 and downregulation of Cdc25C, cyclin B1. The co-exposure also upregulated bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9, the proapoptic proteins, while down-regulating bcl-2, which is an antiapoptotic protein. These results show that interactions between SiNPs and B[a]P synergistically potentiated toxicological effects on HUVECs. This information should help further our understanding of the combined toxicity of PAH and UFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Otieno Asweto
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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15
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Das DN, Panda PK, Naik PP, Mukhopadhyay S, Sinha N, Bhutia SK. Phytotherapeutic approach: a new hope for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induced cellular disorders, autophagic and apoptotic cell death. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:1-17. [PMID: 27919191 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1268228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise the major class of cancer-causing chemicals and are ranked ninth among the chemical compounds threatening to humans. Moreover, interest in PAHs has been mainly due to their genotoxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic property. Polymorphism in cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has the capacity to convert procarcinogens into carcinogens, which is an imperative factor contributing to individual susceptibility to cancer development. The carcinogenicity potential of PAHs is related to their ability to bind to DNA, thereby enhances DNA cross-linking, causing a series of disruptive effects which can result in tumor initiation. They induce cellular toxicity by regulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which arbitrate apoptosis. Additionally, cellular toxicity-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death and immune suppression by industrial pollutants PAH, provide fertile ground for the proliferation of mutated cells, which results in cancer growth and progression. PAHs play a foremost role in angiogenesis necessary for tumor metastasization by promoting the upregulation of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) in human cancer cells. This review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of PAHs induced cancer development as well as autophagic and apoptotic cell death. Besides that authors have unraveled how phytotherapeutics is an alternate potential therapeutics acting as a savior from the toxic effects of PAHs for safer and cost effective perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Nandini Das
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | | | - Prajna Paramita Naik
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | | | - Niharika Sinha
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
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16
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Gdula-Argasińska J, Czepiel J, Totoń-Żurańska J, Jurczyszyn A, Wołkow P, Librowski T, Perucki W. Resolvin D1 down-regulates CYP1A1 and PTGS2 gene in the HUVEC cells treated with benzo(a)pyrene. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:939-44. [PMID: 27362771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can interact with lipids and their derivatives and have been known to induce atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) on inflammatory-state realted proteins and genes in the human primary umbilical vein endothelial HUVEC cells exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). METHODS We analyzed the influence of RvD1 and/or BaP on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytosolic prostaglandine E2 synthase (cPGES), glutathione S transferase (GSTM1) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) protein expression by Western blot. Additionaly, phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) activity, as well as AhR, CYP1A1, phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A) and prostaglandin synthase 2 (PTGS2) gene expression by qRT-PCR was studied. RESULTS RvD1 down-regulates cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) and prostaglandin synthase 2 (PTGS2) gene expression in HUVEC cells exposed to BaP. Repressesion of COX-2, cPGES and overexpressesion of GSTM1 protein was noted after co-treatment with RvD1 and BaP. After incubation with RvD1 an increase of cPLA2 and a decrease of CYP1A1 activity was observed when compared to BaP treated alone endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that RvD1 can significantly contributes on vascular function and alleviates the harmful effects caused by BaP, which might potentially aid in the repair of the injured endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gdula-Argasińska
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jacek Czepiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Center for Medical Genomics - OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Wołkow
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Center for Medical Genomics - OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Librowski
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - William Perucki
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Zhang Y, Dong S, Wang H, Tao S, Kiyama R. Biological impact of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ePAHs) as endocrine disruptors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:809-824. [PMID: 27038213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often detected in the environment and are regarded as endocrine disruptors. We here designated mixtures of PAHs in the environment as environmental PAHs (ePAHs) to discuss their effects collectively, which could be different from the sum of the constituent PAHs. We first summarized the biological impact of environmental PAHs (ePAHs) found in the atmosphere, sediments, soils, and water as a result of human activities, accidents, or natural phenomena. ePAHs are characterized by their sources and forms, followed by their biological effects and social impact, and bioassays that are used to investigate their biological effects. The findings of the bioassays have demonstrated that ePAHs have the ability to affect the endocrine systems of humans and animals. The pathways that mediate cell signaling for the endocrine disruptions induced by ePAHs and PAHs have also been summarized in order to obtain a clearer understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these effects without animal tests; they include specific signaling pathways (MAPK and other signaling pathways), regulatory mechanisms (chromatin/epigenetic regulation, cell cycle/DNA damage control, and cytoskeletal/adhesion regulation), and cell functions (apoptosis, autophagy, immune responses/inflammation, neurological responses, and development/differentiation) induced by specific PAHs, such as benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benz[l]aceanthrylene, cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, 3-methylcholanthrene, perylene, phenanthrene, and pyrene as well as their derivatives. Estrogen signaling is one of the most studied pathways associated with the endocrine-disrupting activities of PAHs, and involves estrogen receptors and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. However, some of the actions of PAHs are contradictory, complex, and unexplainable. Although several possibilities have been suggested, such as direct interactions between PAHs and receptors and the suppression of their activities through other pathways, the mechanisms underlying the activities of PAHs remain unclear. Thus, standardized assay protocols for pathway-based assessments are considered to be important to overcome these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Sijun Dong
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Hongou Wang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ryoiti Kiyama
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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18
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Risque cardiovasculaire et maintien en emploi. Presse Med 2016; 45:515-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Moffat I, Chepelev N, Labib S, Bourdon-Lacombe J, Kuo B, Buick JK, Lemieux F, Williams A, Halappanavar S, Malik A, Luijten M, Aubrecht J, Hyduke DR, Fornace AJ, Swartz CD, Recio L, Yauk CL. Comparison of toxicogenomics and traditional approaches to inform mode of action and points of departure in human health risk assessment of benzo[a]pyrene in drinking water. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:1-43. [PMID: 25605026 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.973934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxicogenomics is proposed to be a useful tool in human health risk assessment. However, a systematic comparison of traditional risk assessment approaches with those applying toxicogenomics has never been done. We conducted a case study to evaluate the utility of toxicogenomics in the risk assessment of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a well-studied carcinogen, for drinking water exposures. Our study was intended to compare methodologies, not to evaluate drinking water safety. We compared traditional (RA1), genomics-informed (RA2) and genomics-only (RA3) approaches. RA2 and RA3 applied toxicogenomics data from human cell cultures and mice exposed to BaP to determine if these data could provide insight into BaP's mode of action (MOA) and derive tissue-specific points of departure (POD). Our global gene expression analysis supported that BaP is genotoxic in mice and allowed the development of a detailed MOA. Toxicogenomics analysis in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells demonstrated a high degree of consistency in perturbed pathways with animal tissues. Quantitatively, the PODs for traditional and transcriptional approaches were similar (liver 1.2 vs. 1.0 mg/kg-bw/day; lungs 0.8 vs. 3.7 mg/kg-bw/day; forestomach 0.5 vs. 7.4 mg/kg-bw/day). RA3, which applied toxicogenomics in the absence of apical toxicology data, demonstrates that this approach provides useful information in data-poor situations. Overall, our study supports the use of toxicogenomics as a relatively fast and cost-effective tool for hazard identification, preliminary evaluation of potential carcinogens, and carcinogenic potency, in addition to identifying current limitations and practical questions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Moffat
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolai Chepelev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Labib
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Bourdon-Lacombe
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie K Buick
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - France Lemieux
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amal Malik
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel R Hyduke
- Biological Engineering Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carol D Swartz
- Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Leslie Recio
- Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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20
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Gdula-Argasińska J, Czepiel J, Totoń-Żurańska J, Jurczyszyn A, Perucki W, Wołkow P. Docosahexaenoic acid regulates gene expression in HUVEC cells treated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:75-81. [PMID: 25956473 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of inflammation and carcinogenesis induced by exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is not clearly understood. Our study was undertaken due to the strong pro-carcinogenic potential and reactivity of PAH-metabolites, as well as the susceptibility of polyunsaturated fatty acids to oxidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pro- or anti-inflammatory impact of n-3 docosahexaenoic acid on human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We analysed the influence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or PAHs supplementation on the fatty acid profile of cell membranes, on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and glutathione S transferase Mu1 (GSTM1) protein expression as well as on the prostaglandin synthase 2 (PTGS2), AHR, GSTM1, PLA2G4A, and cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 gene expression. We observed that COX-2 and AHR protein expression was increased while GSTM1 expression was decreased in cells exposed to DHA and PAHs. Docosahexaenoic acid down-regulated CYP1A1 and up-regulated the AHR and PTGS2 genes. Our findings suggested that DHA contributes significantly to alleviate the harmful effects caused by PAHs in endothelial cells. Moreover, these results suggest that a diet rich in n-3 fatty acids is helpful to reduce the harmful effects of PAHs exposure on human living in heavily polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gdula-Argasińska
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jacek Czepiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Center for Medical Genomics-OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - William Perucki
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Paweł Wołkow
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Center for Medical Genomics-OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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21
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Environmental carcinogens and mutational pathways in atherosclerosis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:293-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Choudhary M, Kazmin D, Hu P, Thomas RS, McDonnell DP, Malek G. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor knock-out exacerbates choroidal neovascularization via multiple pathogenic pathways. J Pathol 2014; 235:101-12. [PMID: 25186463 PMCID: PMC4277859 DOI: 10.1002/path.4433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a heterodimeric transcriptional regulator with pleiotropic functions in xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification, vascular development and cancer. Herein, we report a previously undescribed role for the AhR signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of the wet, neovascular subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly in the Western world. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles of aged AhR−/− and wild-type (wt) mice, using high-throughput RNA sequencing, revealed differential modulation of genes belonging to several AMD-related pathogenic pathways, including inflammation, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix regulation. To investigate AhR regulation of these pathways in wet AMD, we experimentally induced choroidal neovascular lesions in AhR−/− mice and found that they measured significantly larger in area and volume compared to age-matched wt mice. Furthermore, these lesions displayed a higher number of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1-positive (Iba1+) microglial cells and a greater amount of collagen type IV deposition, events also seen in human wet AMD pathology specimens. Consistent with our in vivo observations, AhR knock-down was sufficient to increase choroidal endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro. Moreover, AhR knock-down caused an increase in collagen type IV production and secretion in both retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and choroidal endothelial cell cultures, increased expression of angiogenic and inflammatory molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in RPE cells, and increased expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) in choroidal endothelial cells. Collectively, our findings identify AhR as a regulator of multiple pathogenic pathways in experimentally induced choroidal neovascularization, findings that are consistent with a possible role of AhR in wet AMD. The data discussed in this paper have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus; GEO Submission No. GSE56983, NCBI Tracking System No. 17021116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Choudhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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23
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Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in acute Myocardial Infarction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9024-37. [PMID: 25257356 PMCID: PMC4199004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have associated exposure to environmental pollutants, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Considering that 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is the major biomarker of exposure to pyrenes, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association between 1-OHP and oxidative stress/inflammatory biomarkers in patients who had suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). After adopting the exclusion criteria, 58 post-infarction patients and 41 controls were sub-divided into smokers and non-smokers. Urinary 1-OHP, hematological and biochemical parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, CAT, GPx and exogenous antioxidants) and the inflammatory biomarker (hs-CRP) were analyzed. 1-OHP levels were increased in post-infarct patients compared to controls (p < 0.05) and were correlated to MDA (r = 0.426, p < 0.01), CAT (r = 0.474, p < 0.001) and β-carotene (r = -0.309; p < 0.05) in non-smokers. Furthermore, post-infarction patients had elevated hs-CRP, MDA, CAT and GPx levels compared to controls for both smokers and non-smokers. Besides, β-carotene levels and SOD activity were decreased in post-infarction patients. In summary, our findings indicate that the exposure to pyrenes was associated to lipid damage and alterations of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants, demonstrating that PAHs contribute to oxidative stress and are associated to acute myocardial infarction.
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24
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Göethel G, Brucker N, M. Moro A, F. Charão M, Fracasso R, Barth A, Bubols G, Durgante J, Nascimento S, Baierle M, Saldiva PH, Garcia SC. Evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to benzene and atmospheric pollutants. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 770:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Abstract
Rates of metabolic diseases have increased at an astounding rate in recent decades. Even though poor diet and physical inactivity are central drivers, these lifestyle changes alone fail to fully account for the magnitude and rapidity of the epidemic. Thus, attention has turned to identifying novel risk factors, including the contribution of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals. Epidemiologic and preclinical data support a role for various contaminants in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition to the vascular risk associated with dysglycemia, emerging evidence implicates multiple pollutants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Reviewed herein are studies linking endocrine disruptors to these key diseases that drive significant individual and societal morbidity and mortality. Identifying chemicals associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease as well as their mechanisms of action is critical for developing novel treatment strategies and public policy to mitigate the impact of these diseases on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Kirkley
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition
- Kovler Diabetes Center
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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26
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Brucker N, Charão MF, Moro AM, Ferrari P, Bubols G, Sauer E, Fracasso R, Durgante J, Thiesen FV, Duarte MM, Gioda A, Castro I, Saldiva PH, Garcia SC. Atherosclerotic process in taxi drivers occupationally exposed to air pollution and co-morbidities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 131:31-8. [PMID: 24637182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Consistent evidence has indicated that the exposure to environmental air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of occupational exposure to air pollution, especially to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the influence of co-morbidities on the atherosclerotic process and inflammation. For that, biomarkers of exposure such as 1-hydroxypyrene urinary, oxidative damage and markers of cardiovascular risk were determined in plasma, serum and blood. In addition, inflammation models such as carotid intima-media thickness and serum inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in 58 taxi drivers with and without co-morbidity. The results demonstrated that considering only taxi drivers without co-morbidities, 15% presented carotid intima-media thickness above reference values. For the first time it has been demonstrated that urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels were associated with carotid intima-media thickness and with serum homocysteine levels. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that several factors may contribute to the increased carotid intima-media thickness, among which age, interleukin-6, fibrinogen and exposure to PAHs stand out. In summary, our results suggest that chronic occupational exposure to atmospheric pollution could be an additional contributor to the atherogenesis process, leading to impaired vascular health. Moreover, carotid intima-media thickness, serum homocysteine levels, fibrinogen and the total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio could be suggested as preventive measures to monitor drivers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Brucker
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele F Charão
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela M Moro
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ferrari
- Toxicology Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bubols
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Sauer
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fracasso
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano Durgante
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta M Duarte
- Department of Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iran Castro
- Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange C Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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27
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Sallée M, Dou L, Cerini C, Poitevin S, Brunet P, Burtey S. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-activating effect of uremic toxins from tryptophan metabolism: a new concept to understand cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:934-49. [PMID: 24599232 PMCID: PMC3968369 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6030934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and suffer from accelerated atherosclerosis. CKD patients are permanently exposed to uremic toxins, making them good candidates as pathogenic agents. We focus here on uremic toxins from tryptophan metabolism because of their potential involvement in cardiovascular toxicity: indolic uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate, indole-3 acetic acid, and indoxyl-β-d-glucuronide) and uremic toxins from the kynurenine pathway (kynurenine, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and quinolinic acid). Uremic toxins derived from tryptophan are endogenous ligands of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR, also known as the dioxin receptor, interacts with various regulatory and signaling proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases, and Nuclear Factor-Kappa-B. AhR activation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and some polychlorinated biphenyls is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease in humans and in mice. In addition, this AhR activation mediates cardiotoxicity, vascular inflammation, and a procoagulant and prooxidant phenotype of vascular cells. Uremic toxins derived from tryptophan have prooxidant, proinflammatory, procoagulant, and pro-apoptotic effects on cells involved in the cardiovascular system, and some of them are related with cardiovascular complications in CKD. We discuss here how the cardiovascular effects of these uremic toxins could be mediated by AhR activation, in a “dioxin-like” effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Sallée
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Laetitia Dou
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Claire Cerini
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Stéphane Poitevin
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
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28
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Uno S, Sakurai K, Nebert DW, Makishima M. Protective role of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) against benzo[a]pyrene-induced toxicity in mouse aorta. Toxicology 2014; 316:34-42. [PMID: 24394547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an environmental pollutant produced by combustive processes, such as cigarette smoke and coke ovens, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) plays a role in both metabolic activation and detoxication of BaP in a context-dependent manner. The role of CYP1A1 in BaP-induced toxicity in aorta remains unknown. First, we fed Apoe⁻/⁻ mice an atherogenic diet plus BaP and found that oral BaP-enhanced atherosclerosis is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory markers, such as plasma tumor necrosis factor levels and aortic mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa). We next examined the effect of an atherogenic diet plus BaP on ROS and inflammatory markers in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice. Although this treatment was not sufficient to induce atherosclerotic lesions in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice, plasma antioxidant levels were decreased in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice even in the absence of BaP treatment. The atherogenic diet plus BaP effectively elevated plasma ROS levels and expression of atherosclerosis-related genes, specifically Vegfa, in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice compared with wild-type mice. BaP treatment increased Vegfa mRNA levels in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice but not from wild-type mice. BaP-induced DNA adduct formation was increased in the aorta of Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice, but not wild-type or Apoe⁻/⁻ mice, and the atherogenic diet decreased BaP-induced DNA adducts in Cyp1a1⁻/⁻ mice compared with mice on a control diet. These data suggest that ROS production contributes to BaP-exacerbated atherosclerosis and that CYP1A1 plays a protective role against oral BaP toxicity in aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Uno
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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Marinković N, Pasalić D, Potocki S. Polymorphisms of genes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' biotransformation and atherosclerosis. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2013; 23:255-65. [PMID: 24266295 PMCID: PMC3900076 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2013.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most prevalent environmental pollutants and result from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons (coal and gasoline, fossil fuel combustion, byproducts of industrial processing, natural emission, cigarette smoking, etc.). The first phase of xenobiotic biotransformation in the PAH metabolism includes activities of cytochrome P450 from the CYP1 family and microsomal epoxide hydrolase. The products of this biotransformation are reactive oxygen species that are transformed in the second phase through the formation of conjugates with glutathione, glucuronate or sulphates. PAH exposure may lead to PAH-DNA adduct formation or induce an inflammatory atherosclerotic plaque phenotype. Several genetic polymorphisms of genes encoded for enzymes involved in PAH biotransformation have been proven to lead to the development of diseases. Enzyme CYP P450 1A1, which is encoded by the CYP1A1 gene, is vital in the monooxygenation of lipofilic substrates, while GSTM1 and GSTT1 are the most abundant isophorms that conjugate and neutralize oxygen products. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 gene as well as the deletion polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 may alter the final specific cellular inflammatory respond. Occupational exposure or conditions from the living environment can contribute to the production of PAH metabolites with adverse effects on human health. The aim of this study was to obtain data on biotransformation and atherosclerosis, as well as data on the gene polymorphisms involved in biotransformation, in order to better study gene expression and further elucidate the interaction between genes and the environment.
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Brucker N, Moro AM, Charão MF, Durgante J, Freitas F, Baierle M, Nascimento S, Gauer B, Bulcão RP, Bubols GB, Ferrari PD, Thiesen FV, Gioda A, Duarte MMMF, de Castro I, Saldiva PH, Garcia SC. Biomarkers of occupational exposure to air pollution, inflammation and oxidative damage in taxi drivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:884-93. [PMID: 23872245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants has been recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular events. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from traffic-related air pollution. Experimental studies indicate that PAH exposure could be associated with inflammation and atherogenesis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the biomarker of PAH exposure is associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress and if these effects modulate the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to air pollution. This study included 60 subjects, comprising 39 taxi drivers and 21 non-occupationally exposed persons. Environmental PM2.5 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) levels, in addition to biomarkers of exposure and oxidative damage, were determined. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and hs-CRP) and serum levels of oxidised LDL (ox-LDL), auto-antibodies (ox-LDL-Ab) and homocysteine (Hcy) were also evaluated. PM2.5 and BaP exhibited averages of 12.4±6.9 μg m(-3) and 1.0±0.6 ng m(-3), respectively. Urinary 1-OHP levels were increased in taxi drivers compared to the non-occupationally exposed subjects (p<0.05) and were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with antioxidants. Furthermore, taxi drivers had elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, biomarkers of oxidative damage, and ox-LDL, ox-LDL-Ab and Hcy levels, although antioxidant enzymes were decreased compared to the non-occupationally exposed subjects (p<0.05). In summary, our findings indicate that taxi drivers showed major exposure to pollutants, such as PAHs, in relation to non-occupationally exposed subjects. This finding was associated with higher inflammatory biomarkers and Hcy, which represent important predictors for cardiovascular events. These data suggest a contribution of PAHs to cardiovascular diseases upon occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Brucker
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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31
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Naem E, Alcalde R, Gladysz M, Mesliniene S, Jaimungal S, Sheikh-Ali M, Haas MJ, Wong NCW, Mooradian AD. Inhibition of apolipoprotein A-I gene by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a potential mechanism for smoking-associated hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Life Sci 2012; 91:64-9. [PMID: 22727790 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) compared with nonsmokers. To determine the molecular basis of this observation, the effect of activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) on apo A-I gene expression was examined. MAIN METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with AhR receptor agonists benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and CAY10465, and AhR receptor antagonist CAY10464 and apo A-I protein, mRNA levels and promoter activity were measured. The effect of nicotine on apo A-I protein secretion was also tested. Using a series or apo A-I gene promoter deletion constructs, a xenobiotic response element (XRE) was identified. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of HepG2 cells with the AhR receptor agonists BaP and CAY10465, inhibited apo A-I protein synthesis while nicotine, which does not bind AhR had no effect. Benzo(a)pyrene treatment also suppressed apo A-I mRNA and gene promoter activity. Treatment of HepG2 cells with the AhR receptor antagonist CAY10464 reversed the suppressive effect of BaP on apo A-I gene expression. A putative xenobiotic response element (XRE) was identified between nucleotides -325 and -186 (relative to the transcriptional start site, +1). SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the cigarette smoking related environmental contaminant BaP promotes hypoalphalipoproteinemia in part through activation of the hepatic AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Naem
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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32
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Inflammatory responses induced by fluoride and arsenic at toxic concentration in rabbit aorta. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:849-56. [PMID: 22422340 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the atherogenic effects of environmental toxicant arsenic and fluoride. Inflammatory mechanism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of chronic exposure to arsenic and fluoride alone or combined on inflammatory response in rabbit aorta. We analyzed the expression of genes involved in leukocyte adhesion [P-selectin (P-sel) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)], recruitment and transendothelial migration of leukocyte [interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)] and those involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6)]. We found that fluoride and arsenic alone or combined increased the expression of VCAM-1, P-sel, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 at the RNA and protein levels. The gene expressions of inflammatory-related molecules were attenuated when co-exposure to the two toxicants compared with just one of them. We also examined the lipid profile of rabbits exposed to fluoride and (or) arsenic. The results showed that fluoride slightly increased the serum lipids but arsenic decreased serum triglyceride. We showed that inflammatory responses but not lipid metabolic disorder may play a crucial role in the mechanism of the cardiovascular toxicity of arsenic and fluoride.
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Effects of PCB126 and 17β-oestradiol on endothelium-derived vasoactive factors in human endothelial cells. Toxicology 2011; 285:46-56. [PMID: 21513769 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest an association between elevated serum levels of co-planar PCBs and hypertension, and one study indicate that this effect is dependent on the level of oestrogen. This study investigated the effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) and 17β-oestradiol (E₂) on vasoactive factors in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results reveal that PCB126 stimulated the vasoconstriction factors COX-2 and PGF(2α) in HUVEC. An up-regulation of COX-2 expression was demonstrated using qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence and increased production of PGF(2α) was demonstrated using LC/MS² and enzyme immunoassay. Also, PCB126 slightly increased ROS production and decreased NO production in HUVEC. The addition of E₂ enhanced PCB126-induced transcription of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and COX-2 in HUVEC whereas an increased transcription of eNOS only occurred following combined treatment with E₂ and PCB126. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that HUVEC expressed AHR and ERβ but lacked ERα and the involvement of AHR and ERβ on the effects of PCB126 was examined by the addition of AHR and ER antagonists. The binding of PCB126 to AHR was critical for the effects of PCB126 whereas the role of ERβ was equivocal. In conclusion, these studies suggest that PCB126 induced changes in human endothelial cells that are characteristic for endothelial dysfunction in human hypertension and that PCB126-induced transcription of genes important for vascular function in human endothelial cells can be elevated by increased oestrogen levels. These findings may help understanding the mechanism for the association between PCB126 exposure and hypertension reported in human subjects and experimental animals.
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Friesen MC, Demers PA, Spinelli JJ, Eisen EA, Lorenzi MF, Le ND. Chronic and acute effects of coal tar pitch exposure and cardiopulmonary mortality among aluminum smelter workers. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:790-9. [PMID: 20702507 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution causes several adverse cardiovascular and respiratory effects. In occupational studies, where levels of particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are higher, the evidence is inconsistent. The effects of acute and chronic PAH exposure on cardiopulmonary mortality were examined within a Kitimat, Canada, aluminum smelter cohort (n = 7,026) linked to a national mortality database (1957-1999). No standardized mortality ratio was significantly elevated compared with the province's population. Smoking-adjusted internal comparisons were conducted using Cox regression for male subjects (n = 6,423). Ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality (n = 281) was associated with cumulative benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) exposure (hazard ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 2.46) in the highest category. A monotonic but nonsignificant trend was observed with chronic B(a)P exposure and acute myocardial infarction (n = 184). When follow-up was restricted to active employment, the hazard ratio for IHD was 2.39 (95% confidence interval: 0.95, 6.05) in the highest cumulative B(a)P category. The stronger associations observed during employment suggest that risk may not persist after exposure cessation. No associations with recent or current exposure were observed. IHD was associated with chronic (but not current) PAH exposure in a high-exposure occupational setting. Given the widespread workplace exposure to PAHs and heart disease's high prevalence, even modest associations produce a high burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Friesen
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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Intranasal benzo[a]pyrene alters circadian blood pressure patterns and causes lung inflammation in rats. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:337-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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36
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The common variant in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes is related to markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease: a case-only study. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:405-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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CYP1B1 genotype and risk of cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and cancer in 50 000 individuals. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2009; 19:685-94. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32833042cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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38
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Dome P, Lazary J, Kalapos MP, Rihmer Z. Smoking, nicotine and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 34:295-342. [PMID: 19665479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption, but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of smoking and its health consequences among psychiatric patients are widely known, the neurobiological background of this epidemiological association is still obscure. The diverse neuroactive effects of NIC and some other major tobacco smoke constituents in the central nervous system may underlie this association. This present paper summarizes the pharmacology of NIC and its receptors (nAChR) based on a systematic review of the literature. The role of the brain's reward system(s) in NIC addiction and the results of functional and structural neuroimaging studies on smoking-related states and behaviors (i.e. dependence, craving, withdrawal) are also discussed. In addition, the epidemiological, neurobiological, and genetic aspects of smoking in several specific neuropsychiatric disorders are reviewed and the clinical relevance of smoking in these disease states addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dome
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Kutvolgyi Clinical Center, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Kutvolgyi ut 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary.
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Low levels of the air pollutant 1-nitropyrene induce DNA damage, increased levels of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress in human endothelial cells. Toxicology 2009; 262:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an updated summary of dietary mutagens and their potential role in the etiology of cancer and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Compelling evidence supports an accumulation of somatic mutations during carcinogenesis, leading to the activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes or both. There is also suggestive evidence that mutation provides an early event in atherosclerosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify genes associated with familial cancers and atherosclerosis, but genes involved in sporadic events are less well characterized. Many dietary components are mutagenic, including natural dietary components, mutagens generated during cooking and processing of food or through contamination. Molecular epidemiology associates specific mutagens with specific types of cancer. Although chromosome mutations may provide a risk biomarker for atherosclerosis, they are not necessarily causal. SUMMARY Association studies, supported by molecular epidemiology, provide evidence that certain dietary mutagens, including aflatoxin B1, aristolochic acid and benzo[a]pyrene, are causal in some human cancers. Similar studies have correlated the level of oxidative DNA damage, DNA adducts and clastogenesis in arterial smooth muscle cells with atherogenic risk factors described through traditional epidemiology. However, establishing whether or not dietary mutagens lead to mutations that are causal in atherosclerosis remains a challenge for the newer genomic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette R Ferguson
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Discipline of Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Yang H, Zhou L, Wang Z, Roberts LJ, Lin X, Zhao Y, Guo Z. Overexpression of antioxidant enzymes in ApoE-deficient mice suppresses benzo(a)pyrene-accelerated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2009; 207:51-8. [PMID: 19409565 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenic polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), has been shown to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. To assess the causal role of BaP-generated ROS in this process, we evaluated atherosclerotic metrics in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice with or without overexpression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and/or catalase. Without BaP, aortic atherosclerotic lesions were smaller in ApoE(-/-) mice overexpressing catalase or both Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase than in those overexpressing neither or Cu/Zn-SOD only. After treating with BaP or vehicle for 24 weeks, mean lesion sizes in the aortic tree and aortic root of ApoE(-/-) mice were increased by approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. BaP also increased the levels of oxidized lipids in the aortic tree of ApoE(-/-) mice and increased the frequency of advanced lesions. In contrast, BaP did not significantly alter lipid peroxidation levels or atherosclerotic lesions in the aortas of ApoE(-/-) mice overexpressing Cu/Zn-SOD and/or catalase. Overexpression of Cu/Zn-SOD and/or catalase also inhibited BaP-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in aortas and endothelial cells, and reduced BaP-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. These observations, together with the functions of catalase and Cu/Zn-SOD to scavenge hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions, implicate a causal role of ROS in the pathogenesis of BaP-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, United States.
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Wang LS, Tang JJ, Tang NP, Wang MW, Yan JJ, Wang QM, Yang ZJ, Wang B. Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in relation to tobacco smoking. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 46:1720-5. [PMID: 19055448 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that the common variant in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) gene is associated with the risk of smoking-related coronary artery disease (CAD). Intra-ethnic as well as inter-ethnic differences are known to impact the frequencies of GST gene polymorphisms, thus influencing its interactive effect with tobacco smoking on CAD risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of the genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 with cigarette smoking and the risk of CAD in a Chinese population. METHODS We conducted a study with 277 CAD patients and 277 controls matched by age and sex to examine the prevalence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism in CAD. RESULTS We found that homozygous deletion of GSTM1 had a frequency of 32.1% among patients with CAD and 21.3% among those without CAD (p=0.004). The frequency of the GSTT1(null) genotype was 27.8% among the patients with CAD and 19.1% among CAD-free subjects (p=0.016). Patients who smoked having both the wild-type genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were protected from developing coronary heart disease (p<0.001). Moreover, smokers with combined GSTM1(null)GSTT1(null) genotypes had a significantly higher number of stenosed vessels than those with the positive genotype (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GST polymorphisms may be a susceptibility factor to smoking-related CAD in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Majkova Z, Smart E, Toborek M, Hennig B. Up-regulation of endothelial monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by coplanar PCB77 is caveolin-1-dependent. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 237:1-7. [PMID: 19265715 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of heart disease and stroke is initiated in the vascular endothelium, and risk factors for its development include environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants. Caveolae are membrane microdomains involved in regulation of many signaling pathways, and in particular in endothelial cells. We tested the hypothesis that intact caveolae are required for coplanar PCB77-induced up-regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), an endothelium-derived chemokine that attracts monocytes into sub-endothelial space in early stages of the atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis-prone LDL-R(-/-) mice (control) or caveolin-1(-/-)/LDL-R(-/-) mice were treated with PCB77. PCB77 induced aortic mRNA expression and plasma protein levels of MCP-1 in control, but not caveolin-1(-/-)/LDL-R(-/-) mice. To study the mechanism of this effect, primary endothelial cells were used. PCB77 increased MCP-1 levels in endothelial cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This effect was abolished by caveolin-1 silencing using siRNA. Also, MCP-1 up-regulation by PCB77 was prevented by inhibiting p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not ERK1/2, suggesting regulatory functions via p38 and JNK MAPK pathways. Finally, pre-treatment of endothelial cells with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibitor alpha-naphthoflavone (alpha-NF) partially blocked MCP-1 up-regulation. Thus, our data demonstrate that coplanar PCB77 can induce MCP-1 expression by endothelial cells and that this effect is mediated by AhR, as well as p 38 and JNK MAPK pathways. Intact caveolae are required for these processes both in vivo and in vitro. This further supports a key role for caveolae in vascular inflammation induced by persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Majkova
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
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In situ real-time chemiluminescence imaging of reactive oxygen species formation from cardiomyocytes. Int J Biomed Imaging 2009; 2008:941729. [PMID: 19266051 PMCID: PMC2650262 DOI: 10.1155/2008/941729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have applied the highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) imaging
technique to investigate the in situ ROS formation in cultured monolayers of rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Photon emission was detected via an innovative imaging system after incubation of H9c2 cells in culture with luminol and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), suggesting constitutive formation of ROS by the cardiomyocytes. Addition of benzo(a)pyrene-1,6-quinone
(BPQ) to cultured H9c2 cells resulted in a 4-5-fold increase in the formation of ROS, as detected by the CL imaging. Both constitutive and BPQ-stimulated CL responses in cultured H9c2 cells were sustained for up to 1 hour. The CL responses were completely abolished in the presence of superoxide dismutase and catalase, suggesting the primary involvement of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In contrast to BPQ-mediated redox cycling, blockage of mitochondrial electron transport chain by either antimycin A or rotenone exerted marginal effects on the ROS formation by cultured H9c2 cells. Upregulation of cellular antioxidants for
detoxifying both superoxide and H2O2 by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione resulted in marked inhibition of both constitutive and BPQ-augmented ROS formation in cultured H9c2 cells. Taken together, we demonstrate the sensitive detection of ROS by CL imaging in cultured cardiomyocytes.
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Podechard N, Le Ferrec E, Rebillard A, Fardel O, Lecureur V. NPC1 repression contributes to lipid accumulation in human macrophages exposed to environmental aryl hydrocarbons. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 82:361-70. [PMID: 19131362 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aryl hydrocarbons (AHs), such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and benzo(a)pyrene (BP), are environmental contaminants promoting the development of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases. In order to identify molecular mechanisms involved in these effects, we have analysed AH-mediated regulation of the lipid trafficking Niemann-Pick type C1 protein (NPC1) and its contribution to AH-induced macrophage lipid accumulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Exposure of primary human macrophages to TCDD and BP decreased NPC1 mRNA expression in a time-dependent manner. NPC1 protein expression and NPC1-related acid sphingomyelinase activity were reduced in parallel. NPC1 was also similarly down-regulated in mice exposed to BP. Moreover, TCDD and BP were demonstrated to trigger lipid accumulation in human macrophages, as assessed by Oil Red O and Nile Red staining and cholesterol determination. Such lipid loading occurred at least partly in endosomal/lysosomal compartments as demonstrated by immunolabelling of lipid vesicles by the lysosome-associated membrane protein 1. These cellular phenotypic effects were found to be similar to those triggered by knock-down of NPC1 expression using siRNAs and were counteracted by NPC1 overexpression, thus supporting the contribution of NPC1 to AH-mediated lipid accumulation in macrophages. Finally, both NPC1 down-expression and lipid accumulation in response to TCDD were found to be abolished through knock-down of the AH receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor mediating many effects of AHs. CONCLUSION Our data have shown that contaminants such as TCDD and BP repress NPC1 expression in macrophages in an AHR-dependent manner, which likely contributes to macrophage lipid accumulation caused by these environmental chemicals. Thus, NPC1 appears to be a new molecular target regulated by environmental AHs and putatively involved in their deleterious cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Normand Podechard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U620, IFR140, Université de Rennes 1, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 2, Avenue du Pr L. Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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Baglole CJ, Maggirwar SB, Gasiewicz TA, Thatcher TH, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor attenuates tobacco smoke-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin production in lung fibroblasts through regulation of the NF-kappaB family member RelB. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:28944-57. [PMID: 18697742 PMCID: PMC2570856 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800685200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer caused by cigarette smoke affect millions of people worldwide. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that influences responses to certain environmental pollutants such as tobacco smoke. However, the physiological function(s) of the AhR is unknown. Herein we propose that the physiologic role of the AhR is to limit inflammation. We show that lung fibroblasts from AhR(-/-) mice produce a heightened inflammatory response to cigarette smoke, typified by increased levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins (PGs), when compared with wild type (AhR(+/+)) fibroblasts. This response was dependent on AhR expression as transient transfection of an AhR expression plasmid into AhR(-/-) fibroblasts significantly attenuated the smoke-induced COX-2 and PG production, confirming the anti-inflammatory role of the AhR. The AhR can interact with NF-kappaB. However, the heightened inflammatory response observed in AhR(-/-) fibroblasts was not the result of NF-kappaB (p50/p65) activation. Instead it was coupled with a loss of the NF-kappaB family member RelB in AhR(-/-) fibroblasts. Taken together, these studies provide compelling evidence that AhR expression limits proinflammatory COX-2 and PG production by maintaining RelB expression. The association between RelB and AhR may represent a new therapeutic and more selective target with which to combat inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Oesterling E, Toborek M, Hennig B. Benzo[a]pyrene induces intercellular adhesion molecule-1 through a caveolae and aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 232:309-16. [PMID: 18671994 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxicologic and epidemiologic studies have linked benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The mechanisms of action leading to these diseases have not been fully understood. One key step in the development of atherosclerosis is vascular endothelial dysfunction, which is characterized by increased adhesiveness. To determine if B[a]P could lead to increased endothelial adhesiveness, the effects of B[a]P on human endothelial cell intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was investigated. B[a]P was able to increase ICAM-1 protein only after pretreatment with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF). Knockdown of AhR by siRNA or treatment with AhR antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone (alpha-NF) eliminated the induction of ICAM-1 from B[a]P, confirming the necessity of AhR in this process. Likewise, B[a]P only increased monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium when cells were pretreated with beta-NF. Experiments were done to define a signaling mechanism. B[a]P increased phosphorylation of MEK and p38-MAPK, and inhibitors to these proteins blunted the ICAM-1 induction. B[a]P was also able to increase AP-1 DNA binding and phosphorylation of cJun. Phosphorylation of cJun was disrupted by MEK and p38-MAPK inhibitors linking the signaling cascade. Finally, the importance of membrane microdomains, caveolae, was demonstrated by knockdown of the structural protein caveolin-1. Disruption of caveolae eliminated the B[a]P-induced ICAM-1 expression. These data suggest a possible pro-inflammatory mechanism of action of B[a]P involving caveolae, leading to increased vascular endothelial adhesiveness, and this inflammation may be a critical step in the development of B[a]P-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oesterling
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
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Podechard N, Lecureur V, Le Ferrec E, Guenon I, Sparfel L, Gilot D, Gordon JR, Lagente V, Fardel O. Interleukin-8 induction by the environmental contaminant benzo(a)pyrene is aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent and leads to lung inflammation. Toxicol Lett 2008; 177:130-7. [PMID: 18289803 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) is an environmental contaminant known to favor airway inflammation likely through up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present study was designed to characterize its effects toward interleukin-8 (IL-8), a well-established pulmonary inflammatory cytokine. In primary human macrophages, BP was shown to induce IL-8 expression at both mRNA and secretion levels in a dose-dependent manner. Such an up-regulation was likely linked to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-activation since BP-mediated IL-8 induction was reduced after AhR expression knock-down through RNA interference. Moreover, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed BP-triggered binding of AhR to a consensus xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) found in the human IL-8 promoter. Finally, BP administration to mice led to over-expression of keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), the murine functional homologue of IL-8, in lung. It also triggered the recruitment of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, which was however fully abolished in the presence of a chemical antagonist of the KC/IL-8 receptors CXCR1/CXCR2, thus supporting the functional and crucial involvement of KC in BP-induced lung inflammation. Overall, these data highlight an AhR-dependent regulation of IL-8 in response to BP that likely contributes to the airway inflammatory effects of this environmental chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Normand Podechard
- UMR-INSERM U620, Team Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer), IFR140, Université de Rennes 1, France
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van Beijnum JR, van der Linden E, Griffioen AW. Angiogenic profiling and comparison of immortalized endothelial cells for functional genomics. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:264-72. [PMID: 17880939 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Genomics efforts of the past decade have resulted in the identification of numerous genes with putative roles in disease processes, including tumor angiogenesis. To functionally validate these genes, cultured endothelial cells are indispensable tools, though these may not completely mimic the phenotype of tissue endothelial cells as the proper microenvironment is lacking. To obtain experimental data representative of normal physiology, the use of primary endothelial cells is preferred. However, these cells are usually limited in passage number, can be difficult to obtain and show great interindividual variety. Furthermore, transfection efficiency is very limited in primary cells, hampering applications in functional genomics and gene function analysis. The use of properly characterized alternative endothelial cell sources is therefore warranted. Here, we compared immortalized endothelial cells - HMEC, RF24 and EVLC2 - with primary HUVEC. We show that RF24, and to a slightly lesser extent HMEC, resembles primary HUVEC most on all facets examined. RF24, in contrast to EVLC2, express the endothelial markers CD31, CD34, CD105, vWF and VE-cadherin, and are capable of migration and tube formation in vitro. Furthermore, the expression levels of angiogenic growth factors and their receptors are comparable to that of primary EC. In addition, whereas primary HUVEC are resistant to transfection using common lipophilic transfection reagents, HMEC and RF24 could be readily transfected. Hence, these cells pose a valuable tool for functional genomics in angiogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development (GROW), Department of Pathology, Maastricht University, 6202AZ, The Netherlands
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Brown LA, Khoshbouei H, Goodwin JS, Irvin-Wilson CV, Ramesh A, Sheng L, McCallister MM, Jiang GCT, Aschner M, Hood DB. Down-regulation of early ionotrophic glutamate receptor subunit developmental expression as a mechanism for observed plasticity deficits following gestational exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. Neurotoxicology 2007; 28:965-78. [PMID: 17606297 PMCID: PMC2276633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this study was to characterize the impact of gestational exposure to benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] on modulation of glutamate receptor subunit expression that is critical for the maintenance of synaptic plasticity mechanisms during hippocampal or cortical development in offspring. Previous studies have demonstrated that hippocampal and/or cortical synaptic plasticity (as measured by long-term potentiation and S1-cortex spontaneous/evoked neuronal activity) and learning behavior (as measured by fixed-ratio performance operant testing) is significantly impaired in polycyclic aromatic or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon-exposed offspring as compared to controls. These previous studies have also revealed that brain to body weight ratios are greater in exposed offspring relative to controls indicative of intrauterine growth retardation which has been shown to manifest as low birth weight in offspring. Recent epidemiological studies have identified an effect of prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children [Perera FP, Rauh V, Whyatt RM, Tsai WY, Tang D, Diaz D, et al. Effect of prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children. Environ Health Perspect 2006;114:1287-92]. The present study utilizes a well-characterized animal model to test the hypothesis that gestational exposure to B(a)P causes dysregulation of developmental ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit expression, namely the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptor (AMPAR) both critical to the expression of synaptic plasticity mechanisms. To mechanistically ascertain the basis of B(a)P-induced plasticity perturbations, timed pregnant Long-Evans rats were exposed in an oral subacute exposure regimen to 0, 25 and 150mug/kg BW B(a)P on gestation days 14-17. The first sub-hypothesis tested whether gestational exposure to B(a)P would result in significant disposition in offspring. The second sub-hypothesis tested whether gestational exposure to B(a)P would result in down-regulation of early developmental expression of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in the hippocampus of offspring as well as in primary neuronal cultures. The results of these studies revealed significant: (1) disposition to the hippocampus and cortex, (2) down-regulation of developmental glutamate receptor mRNA and protein subunit expression and (3) voltage-dependent decreases in the amplitude of inward currents at negative potentials in B(a)P-treated cortical neuronal membranes. These results suggest that plasticity and behavioral deficits produced as a result of gestational B(a)P exposure are at least, in part, a result of down-regulation of early developmental glutamate receptor subunit expression and function at a time when excitatory synapses are being formed for the first time in the developing central nervous system. The results also predict that in B(a)P-exposed offspring with reduced early glutamate receptor subunit expression, a parallel deficit in behaviors that depend on normal hippocampal or cortical functioning will be observed and that these deficits will be present throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- La’Nissa A. Brown
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurotoxicology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurotoxicology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - J. Shawn Goodwin
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurotoxicology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
- Department of Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Charletha V. Irvin-Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurotoxicology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurotoxicology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
- Department of Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Liu Sheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurotoxicology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Monique M. McCallister
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurotoxicology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - George C. T. Jiang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Michael Aschner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology & Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Darryl B. Hood
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurotoxicology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
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