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De Jager JE, Boesjes R, Roelandt GHJ, Koliaki I, Sommer IEC, Schoevers RA, Nuninga JO. Shared effects of electroconvulsive shocks and ketamine on neuroplasticity: A systematic review of animal models of depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105796. [PMID: 38981574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) and ketamine are antidepressant treatments with a relatively fast onset of therapeutic effects compared to conventional medication and psychotherapy. While the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying the antidepressant response of ECS and ketamine are unknown, both interventions are associated with neuroplasticity. Restoration of neuroplasticity may be a shared mechanism underlying the antidepressant efficacy of these interventions. In this systematic review, literature of animal models of depression is summarized to examine the possible role of neuroplasticity in ECS and ketamine on a molecular, neuronal, synaptic and functional level, and specifically to what extent these mechanisms are shared between both interventions. The results highlight that hippocampal neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are consistently increased after ECS and ketamine. Moreover, both interventions positively affect glutamatergic neurotransmission, astrocyte and neuronal morphology, synaptic density, vasculature and functional plasticity. However, a small number of studies investigated these processes after ECS. Understanding the shared fundamental mechanisms of fast-acting antidepressants can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with severe depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesca E De Jager
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rutger Boesjes
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H J Roelandt
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilektra Koliaki
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper O Nuninga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, the Netherlands
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Fogaça MV, Daher F, Picciotto MR. Effects of ketamine on GABAergic and glutamatergic activity in the mPFC: biphasic recruitment of GABA function in antidepressant-like responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.29.605610. [PMID: 39131322 PMCID: PMC11312475 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.605610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with disruptions in glutamatergic and GABAergic activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), leading to altered synaptic formation and function. Low doses of ketamine rapidly rescue these deficits, inducing fast and sustained antidepressant effects. While it is suggested that ketamine produces a rapid glutamatergic enhancement in the mPFC, the temporal dynamics and the involvement of GABA interneurons in its sustained effects remain unclear. Using simultaneous photometry recordings of calcium activity in mPFC pyramidal and GABA neurons, as well as chemogenetic approaches in Gad1-Cre mice, we explored the hypothesis that initial effects of ketamine on glutamate signaling trigger subsequent enhancement of GABAergic responses, contributing to its sustained antidepressant responses. Calcium recordings revealed a biphasic effect of ketamine on activity of mPFC GABA neurons, characterized by an initial transient decrease (phase 1, <30 min) followed by an increase (phase 2, >60 min), in parallel with a transient increase in excitation/inhibition levels (10 min) and lasting enhancement of glutamatergic activity (30-120 min). Previous administration of ketamine enhanced GABA neuron activity during the sucrose splash test (SUST) and novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT), 24 h and 72 h post-treatment, respectively. Chemogenetic inhibition of GABA interneurons during the surge of GABAergic activity (phase 2), or immediately before the SUST or NSFT, occluded ketamine's behavioral actions. These results indicate that time-dependent modulation of GABAergic activity is required for the sustained antidepressant-like responses induced by ketamine, suggesting that approaches to enhance GABAergic plasticity and function are promising therapeutic targets for antidepressant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela V. Fogaça
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Fernanda Daher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Luscher B, Jiang T, Feng M, Hutsell A. Sex-specific GABAergic microcircuits that switch vulnerability into resilience to stress and reverse the effects of chronic stress exposure. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4408723. [PMID: 39041032 PMCID: PMC11261964 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4408723/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have identified somatostatin (SST)-positive interneurons as key elements that regulate the vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders. Conversely, disinhibition of SST neurons in mice results in resilience to the behavioral effects of chronic stress. Here we established a low-dose chronic chemogenetic protocol to map these changes in positively and negatively motivated behaviors to specific brain regions. AAV-hM3Dq mediated chronic activation of SST neurons in the prelimbic cortex (PLC) had antidepressant drug-like effects on anxiety- and anhedonia-related motivated behaviors in male but not female mice. Analogous manipulation of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) had such effects in female but not male mice. Moreover, activation of SST neurons in the PLC of male and the vHPC of female mice resulted in stress resilience. Activation of SST neurons in the PLC reversed prior chronic stress-induced defects in motivated behavior in males but was ineffective in females. Conversely, activation of SST neurons in the vHPC reversed chronic stress-induced behavioral alterations in females but not males. Quantitation of c-Fos+ and FosB+ neurons in chronic stress-exposed mice revealed that chronic activation of SST neurons leads to a paradoxical increase in pyramidal cell activity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that GABAergic microcircuits driven by dendrite targeting interneurons enable sex- and brain-region-specific neural plasticity that promotes stress resilience and reverses stress-induced anxiety- and anhedonia-like motivated behavior. Our studies provide a mechanistic rationale for antidepressant efficacy of dendrite-targeting, low-potency GABAA receptor agonists, independent of sex and despite striking sex differences in the relevant brain substrates.
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Bergosh M, Medvidovic S, Zepeda N, Crown L, Ipe J, Debattista L, Romero L, Amjadi E, Lam T, Hakopian E, Choi W, Wu K, Lo JYT, Lee DJ. Immediate and long-term electrophysiological biomarkers of antidepressant-like behavioral effects after subanesthetic ketamine and medial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation treatment. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1389096. [PMID: 38966758 PMCID: PMC11222339 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1389096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both ketamine (KET) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) deep brain stimulation (DBS) are emerging therapies for treatment-resistant depression, yet our understanding of their electrophysiological mechanisms and biomarkers is incomplete. This study investigates aperiodic and periodic spectral parameters, and the signal complexity measure sample entropy, within mPFC local field potentials (LFP) in a chronic corticosterone (CORT) depression model after ketamine and/or mPFC DBS. Methods Male rats were intraperitoneally administered CORT or vehicle for 21 days. Over the last 7 days, animals receiving CORT were treated with mPFC DBS, KET, both, or neither; then tested across an array of behavioral tasks for 9 days. Results We found that the depression-like behavioral and weight effects of CORT correlated with a decrease in aperiodic-adjusted theta power (5-10 Hz) and an increase in sample entropy during the administration phase, and an increase in theta peak frequency and a decrease in the aperiodic exponent once the depression-like phenotype had been induced. The remission-like behavioral effects of ketamine alone correlated with a post-treatment increase in the offset and exponent, and decrease in sample entropy, both immediately and up to eight days post-treatment. The remission-like behavioral effects of mPFC DBS alone correlated with an immediate decrease in sample entropy, an immediate and sustained increase in low gamma (20-50 Hz) peak width and aperiodic offset, and sustained improvements in cognitive function. Failure to fully induce remission-like behavior in the combinatorial treatment group correlated with a failure to suppress an increase in sample entropy immediately after treatment. Conclusion Our findings therefore support the potential of periodic theta parameters as biomarkers of depression-severity; and periodic low gamma parameters and cognitive measures as biomarkers of mPFC DBS treatment efficacy. They also support sample entropy and the aperiodic spectral parameters as potential cross-modal biomarkers of depression severity and the therapeutic efficacy of mPFC DBS and/or ketamine. Study of these biomarkers is important as objective measures of disease severity and predictive measures of therapeutic efficacy can be used to personalize care and promote the translatability of research across studies, modalities, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bergosh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sasha Medvidovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Zepeda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lindsey Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Ipe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lauren Debattista
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Luis Romero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eimon Amjadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tian Lam
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Erik Hakopian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wooseong Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jack Yu Tung Lo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Darrin Jason Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
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Canto-de-Souza L, Baptista-de-Souza D, Nunes-de-Souza RL, Planeta C. Distinct roles of the left and right prelimbic cortices in the modulation of ethanol consumption in male mice under acute and chronic social defeat stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1161-1176. [PMID: 38347153 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic stress exposure disrupts the medial prefrontal cortex's (mPFC) ability to regulate impulses, leading to the loss of control over alcohol drinking in rodents, emphasizing the critical role of this forebrain area in regulating alcohol consumption. Moreover, chronic stress exposure causes lateralization of mPFC functions with volumetric and functional changes, resulting in hyperactivity in the right hemisphere and functional decrease in the left. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the inhibitory role of the left prelimbic cortex (LPrL) on ethanol consumption induced by chronic social defeat stress (SDS) in male mice and to examine if inactivation of the LPrL causes disinhibition of the right mPFC, leading to an increase in ethanol consumption. We also investigated the role of lateralization and neurochemical alterations in the mPFC related to ethanol consumption induced by chronic SDS. To this end, we examined the activation patterns of ΔFosB, VGLUT2, and GAD67 in the left and right mPFC. RESULTS Temporarily blocking the LPrL or right PrL (RPrL) cortices during acute SDS did not affect male mice's voluntary ethanol consumption in male mice. When each cortex was blocked in mice previously exposed to chronic SDS, ethanol consumption also remained unaffected. However, male mice with LPrL lesions during chronic SDS showed an increase in voluntary ethanol consumption, which was associated with enhanced ΔFosB/VGLUT2-positive neurons within the RPrL cortex. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the LPrL may play a role in inhibiting ethanol consumption induced by chronic SDS, while the RPrL may be involved in the disinhibition of ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Canto-de-Souza
- Lab. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Daniela Baptista-de-Souza
- Lab. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Lab. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra Planeta
- Lab. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil.
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Bhatti DL, Jin J, Cheng J, McCabe K, Lee KW, Berdasco C, Jeong YY, Sinha SC, Kim Y. Ahnak in the prefrontal cortex mediates behavioral correlates of stress resilience and rapid antidepressant action in mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1350716. [PMID: 38828281 PMCID: PMC11140847 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1350716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key neural node mediating behavioral responses to stress and the actions of ketamine, a fast-acting antidepressant. The molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, however, are not fully understood. Our recent study revealed a pivotal role of hippocampal Ahnak as a regulator of cellular and behavioral adaptations to chronic stress. However, despite its significant expression in the PFC, the contribution of cortical Ahnak to behavioral responses to stress and antidepressants remains unknown. Here, using a mouse model for chronic social stress, we find that Ahnak expression in the PFC is significantly increased in stress-resilient mice and positively correlated with social interaction after stress exposure. Conditional deletion of Ahnak in the PFC or forebrain glutamatergic neurons facilitates stress susceptibility, suggesting that Ahnak is required for behavioral resilience. Further supporting this notion, Ahnak expression in the PFC is increased after the administration of ketamine or its metabolite (2R, 6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK). Moreover, Ahnak deletion in forebrain glutamatergic neurons blocks the restorative behavioral effects of ketamine or HNK in stress-susceptible mice. This forebrain excitatory neuron-specific Ahnak deletion reduces the frequency of mini excitatory postsynaptic currents in layer II/III pyramidal neurons, suggesting that Ahnak may induce its behavioral effects via modulation of glutamatergic transmission in the PFC. Altogether, these data suggest that Ahnak in glutamatergic PFC neurons may be critical for behavioral resilience and antidepressant actions of ketamine or HNK in chronic social stress-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionnet L. Bhatti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Junghee Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jia Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn McCabe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ko-Woon Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Clara Berdasco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Yu Young Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Subhash C. Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Weill Cornell Medicine Helen & Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Klein AK, Austin EW, Cunningham MJ, Dvorak D, Gatti S, Hulls SK, Kiss L, Kruegel AC, Marek GJ, Papp M, Sporn J, Hughes ZA. GM-1020: a novel, orally bioavailable NMDA receptor antagonist with rapid and robust antidepressant-like effects at well-tolerated doses in rodents. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:905-914. [PMID: 38177696 PMCID: PMC11039472 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine has shown great potential as a rapid-acting antidepressant; however, its use is limited by poor oral bioavailability and a side effect profile that necessitates in-clinic dosing. GM-1020 is a novel NMDAR antagonist that was developed to address these limitations of ketamine as a treatment for depression. Here, we present the preclinical characterization of GM-1020 alongside ketamine, for comparison. In vitro, we profiled GM-1020 for binding to NMDAR and functional inhibition using patch-clamp electrophysiology. In vivo, GM-1020 was assessed for antidepressant-like efficacy using the Forced Swim Test (FST) and Chronic Mild Stress (CMS), while motor side effects were assessed in spontaneous locomotor activity and on the rotarod. The pharmacokinetic properties of GM-1020 were profiled across multiple preclinical species. Electroencephalography (EEG) was performed to determine indirect target engagement and provide a potentially translational biomarker. These results demonstrate that GM-1020 is an orally bioavailable NMDAR antagonist with antidepressant-like efficacy at exposures that do not produce unwanted motor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dino Dvorak
- Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Laszlo Kiss
- Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mariusz Papp
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Feng YF, Zhou YY, Duan KM. The Role of Extrasynaptic GABA Receptors in Postpartum Depression. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:385-396. [PMID: 37612480 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression is a serious disease with a high incidence and severe impact on pregnant women and infants, but its mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that GABA receptors, especially extrasynaptic receptors, are closely associated with postpartum depression. There are many different structures of GABA receptors, so different types of receptors have different functions, even though they transmit information primarily through GABA. In this review, we focus on the function of GABA receptors, especially extrasynaptic GABA receptors, and their association with postpartum depression. We have shown that the extrasynaptic GABA receptor has a significant impact on the activity and function of neurons through tonic inhibition. The extrasynaptic receptor and its ligands undergo drastic changes during pregnancy and childbirth. Abnormal changes or the body's inability to adjust and recover may be an important cause of postpartum depression. Finally, by reviewing the mechanisms of several novel antidepressants, we suggest that extrasynaptic receptors may be potential targets for the treatment of postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fei Feng
- Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yin Yong Zhou
- Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Kai Ming Duan
- Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Ahmadi J, Mansoori A, Mosavat SH, Bazrafshan A. Comparison of ketamine with buprenorphine as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of comorbid major depressive disorder and opium use disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Psychiatry Med 2023:912174231225087. [PMID: 38140979 DOI: 10.1177/00912174231225087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and opium use disorder (OUD) are known to increase the risk of suicide. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy with either ketamine or buprenorphine as a fast-acting treatment in patients with comorbid MDD and OUD. METHODS This was a randomized double-blind controlled trial in adults admitted to a hospital in Iran. Sixty-six participants were enrolled and received ketamine or buprenorphine, along with current antidepressant therapy. The primary outcome was change in depressive symptoms assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) after 2 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days. Secondary outcomes included changes in suicidal ideation, evaluated by the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI). RESULTS Both groups experienced a significant decrease in the severity of depression compared to before the study (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the between-group comparison (P > .05). Both groups also exhibited a significant reduction in suicidal ideation compared to before the study, with the severity of this decrease being over 85% in both groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION Both ketamine and buprenorphine appear to be equally effective in reducing symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation among individuals with MDD and OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Ahmadi
- Substance Abuse Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- IMCES (Institute for Multicultural Counseling and Educational Services), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arash Mansoori
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Bazrafshan
- Substance Abuse Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Krystal JH, Kaye AP, Jefferson S, Girgenti MJ, Wilkinson ST, Sanacora G, Esterlis I. Ketamine and the neurobiology of depression: Toward next-generation rapid-acting antidepressant treatments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305772120. [PMID: 38011560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305772120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as a transformative and mechanistically novel pharmacotherapy for depression. Its rapid onset of action, efficacy for treatment-resistant symptoms, and protection against relapse distinguish it from prior antidepressants. Its discovery emerged from a reconceptualization of the neurobiology of depression and, in turn, insights from the elaboration of its mechanisms of action inform studies of the pathophysiology of depression and related disorders. It has been 25 y since we first presented our ketamine findings in depression. Thus, it is timely for this review to consider what we have learned from studies of ketamine and to suggest future directions for the optimization of rapid-acting antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Alfred P Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Sarah Jefferson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Samuel T Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
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11
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Luscher B, Maguire JL, Rudolph U, Sibille E. GABA A receptors as targets for treating affective and cognitive symptoms of depression. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:586-600. [PMID: 37543478 PMCID: PMC10511219 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, our understanding of the pathophysiology of depression has evolved from a focus on an imbalance of monoaminergic neurotransmitters to a multifactorial picture including an improved understanding of the role of glutamatergic excitatory and GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. FDA-approved treatments targeting the glutamatergic [esketamine for major depressive disorder (MDD)] and GABAergic (brexanolone for peripartum depression) systems have become available. This review focuses on the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) system as a target for novel antidepressants and discusses the mechanisms by which modulation of δ-containing GABAARs with neuroactive steroids (NASs) or of α5-containing GABAARs results in antidepressant or antidepressant-like actions and discusses clinical data on NASs. Moreover, a potential mechanism by which α5-GABAAR-positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) may improve cognitive deficits in depression is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Luscher
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Penn State Neuroscience Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jamie L Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Uwe Rudolph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Li C, Zhang J, Liu H, Yuan H, Cai J, Fogaça MV, Zhang YW. The synergistic mechanism of action of Dajianzhong decoction in conjunction with ketamine in the treatment of depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115137. [PMID: 37453197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a multifactorial syndrome with a variety of underlying pathological mechanisms. While ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, exhibits a rapid antidepressant action in the central never system (CNS), the potential addiction and psychotomimetic adverse effects of ketamine limit its chronic use in clinical practice. Therefore, it is necessary to discover an additional agent that shows a synergistic antidepressant activity with ketamine to sustain its therapeutic action so as to reduce its use frequency in depression treatment. The present study indicated that Dajianzhong decoction (DJZT), an empirical herbal formula used for the clinical treatment of several inflammation-related intestinal disorders, sustains behavioral and synaptic action of ketamine in depressive mouse models. Additionally, ketamine was also demonstrated to exert a synergistic action with DJZT to alleviate the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced abnormalities in gut barrier proteins and colonic histology, and subsequently to normalize the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. Furthermore, DJZT was shown to possess an anti-inflammatory activity to prevent activation of NF-κB from releasing proinflammatory cytokines, specifically through inhibiting Th17 cells/IL-17A pathway. Our results uncovered the mechanism of action of DJZT in conjunction with ketamine in depression treatment by which these agents target different pathological factors across biological systems and exert a synergistic activity through a bidirectional communication in the gut-brain axis, and also provided new insights into the systematic treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hanhe Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huijie Yuan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianxin Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Manoela V Fogaça
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yuan-Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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Hing B, Mitchell SB, Eberle M, Filali Y, Hultman I, Matkovich M, Kasturirangan M, Wyche W, Jimenez A, Velamuri R, Johnson M, Srivastava S, Hultman R. Single Cell Transcriptome of Stress Vulnerability Network in mouse Prefrontal Cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.14.540705. [PMID: 37662266 PMCID: PMC10473598 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.14.540705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased vulnerability to stress is a major risk factor for the manifestation of several mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite the status of MDD as a significant donor to global disability, the complex integration of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the behavioral display of such disorders has made a thorough understanding of related etiology elusive. Recent developments suggest that a brain-wide network approach is needed, taking into account the complex interplay of cell types spanning multiple brain regions. Single cell RNA-sequencing technologies can provide transcriptomic profiling at the single-cell level across heterogenous samples. Furthermore, we have previously used local field potential oscillations and machine learning to identify an electrical brain network that is indicative of a predisposed vulnerability state. Thus, this study combined single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) with electrical brain network measures of the stress-vulnerable state, providing a unique opportunity to access the relationship between stress network activity and transcriptomic changes within individual cell types. We found especially high numbers of differentially expressed genes between animals with high and low stress vulnerability brain network activity in astrocytes and glutamatergic neurons but we estimated that vulnerability network activity depends most on GABAergic neurons. High vulnerability network activity included upregulation of microglia and mitochondrial and metabolic pathways, while lower vulnerability involved synaptic regulation. Genes that were differentially regulated with vulnerability network activity significantly overlapped with genes identified as having significant SNPs by human GWAS for depression. Taken together, these data provide the gene expression architecture of a previously uncharacterized stress vulnerability brain state, enabling new understanding and intervention of predisposition to stress susceptibility.
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14
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Fogaça MV, Wu M, Li C, Li XY, Duman RS, Picciotto MR. M1 acetylcholine receptors in somatostatin interneurons contribute to GABAergic and glutamatergic plasticity in the mPFC and antidepressant-like responses. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1277-1287. [PMID: 37142667 PMCID: PMC10354201 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are prevalent in individuals with major depressive disorder, resulting in impaired synaptic plasticity that compromises the integrity of signal transfer to limbic regions. Scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, produces rapid antidepressant-like effects by targeting M1-type acetylcholine receptors (M1R) on somatostatin (SST) interneurons. So far, these effects have been investigated with relatively short-term manipulations, and long-lasting synaptic mechanisms involved in these responses are still unknown. Here, we generated mice with conditional deletion of M1R (M1f/fSstCre+) only in SST interneurons to determine the role of M1R in modulating long-term GABAergic and glutamatergic plasticity in the mPFC that leads to attenuation of stress-relevant behaviors. We have also investigated whether the molecular and antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine could be mimicked or occluded in male M1f/fSstCre+ mice. M1R deletion in SST-expressing neurons occluded the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine, as well as scopolamine-induced increases in c-Fos+/CaMKIIα cells and proteins necessary for glutamatergic and GABAergic function in the mPFC. Importantly, M1R SST deletion resulted in resilience to chronic unpredictable stress in behaviors relevant to coping strategies and motivation, and to a lesser extent, in behaviors relevant to avoidance. Finally, M1R SST deletion also prevented stress-induced impairments in the expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic markers in the mPFC. These findings suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine result from modulation of excitatory and inhibitory plasticity via M1R blockade in SST interneurons. This mechanism could represent a promising strategy for antidepressant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela V Fogaça
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Xiao-Yuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
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15
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Mingardi J, Ndoj E, Bonifacino T, Misztak P, Bertoli M, La Via L, Torazza C, Russo I, Milanese M, Bonanno G, Popoli M, Barbon A, Musazzi L. Functional and Molecular Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Chronic Mild Stress Rat Model of Depression and Modulation by Acute Ketamine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10814. [PMID: 37445990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a primary risk factor in the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). We have previously used the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression in male rats to show that CMS induces morphological, functional, and molecular changes in the hippocampus of vulnerable animals, the majority of which were recovered using acute subanesthetic ketamine in just 24 h. Here, we focused our attention on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain area regulating emotional and cognitive functions, and asked whether vulnerability/resilience to CMS and ketamine antidepressant effects were associated with molecular and functional changes in the mPFC of rats. We found that most alterations induced by CMS in the mPFC were selectively observed in stress-vulnerable animals and were rescued by acute subanesthetic ketamine, while others were found only in resilient animals or were induced by ketamine treatment. Importantly, only a few of these modifications were also previously demonstrated in the hippocampus, while most are specific to mPFC. Overall, our results suggest that acute antidepressant ketamine rescues brain-area-specific glutamatergic changes induced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mingardi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elona Ndoj
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paulina Misztak
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca La Via
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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16
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Wallace T, Myers B. Prefrontal representation of affective stimuli: importance of stress, sex, and context. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8232-8246. [PMID: 37032618 PMCID: PMC10321111 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related disorders such as depression and anxiety exhibit sex differences in prevalence and negatively impact both mental and physical health. Affective illness is also frequently accompanied by changes in ventromedial prefrontal cortical (vmPFC) function. However, the neurobiology that underlies sex-specific cortical processing of affective stimuli is poorly understood. Although rodent studies have investigated the prefrontal impact of chronic stress, postmortem studies have focused largely on males and yielded mixed results. Therefore, genetically defined population recordings in behaving animals of both sexes were used to test the hypothesis that chronic variable stress (CVS) impairs the neural processing of affective stimuli in the rodent infralimbic region. Here, we targeted expression of a calcium indicator, GCaMP6s, to infralimbic pyramidal cells. In males, CVS reduced infralimbic responses to social interaction and restraint stress but increased responses to novel objects and food reward. In contrast, females did not have CVS-induced changes in infralimbic activity, which was partially dependent on the ovarian status. These results indicate that both male and female vmPFC cells encode social, stress, and reward stimuli. However, chronic stress effects are sex-dependent and behavior-specific. Ultimately, these findings extend the understanding of chronic stress-induced prefrontal dysfunction and indicate that sex is a critical factor for cortical processing of affective stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Brent Myers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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17
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Berridge CW, Devilbiss DM, Martin AJ, Spencer RC, Jenison RL. Stress degrades working memory-related frontostriatal circuit function. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:7857-7869. [PMID: 36935095 PMCID: PMC10267631 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed behavior is dependent on neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and extended frontostriatal circuitry. Stress and stress-related disorders are associated with impaired frontostriatal-dependent cognition. Our understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie stress-related cognitive impairment is limited, with the majority of prior research focused on the PFC. To date, the actions of stress across cognition-related frontostriatal circuitry are unknown. To address this gap, the current studies examined the effects of acute noise-stress on the spiking activity of neurons and local field potential oscillatory activity within the dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) and dorsomedial striatum (dmSTR) in rats engaged in a test of spatial working memory. Stress robustly suppressed responses of both dmPFC and dmSTR neurons strongly tuned to key task events (delay, reward). Additionally, stress strongly suppressed delay-related, but not reward-related, theta and alpha spectral power within, and synchrony between, the dmPFC and dmSTR. These observations provide the first demonstration that stress disrupts the neural coding and functional connectivity of key task events, particularly delay, within cognition-supporting dorsomedial frontostriatal circuitry. These results suggest that stress-related degradation of neural coding within both the PFC and striatum likely contributes to the cognition-impairing effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | | | - Andrea J Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Robert C Spencer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Rick L Jenison
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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18
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Perdikaris P, Dermon CR. Altered GABAergic, glutamatergic and endocannabinoid signaling is accompanied by neuroinflammatory response in a zebrafish model of social withdrawal behavior. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1120993. [PMID: 37284463 PMCID: PMC10239971 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1120993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deficits in social communication are in the core of clinical symptoms characterizing many neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. The occurrence of anxiety-related behavior, a common co-morbid condition in individuals with impairments in social domain, suggests the presence of overlapping neurobiological mechanisms between these two pathologies. Dysregulated excitation/inhibition balance and excessive neuroinflammation, in specific neural circuits, are proposed as common etiological mechanisms implicated in both pathologies. Methods and Results In the present study we evaluated changes in glutamatergic/GABAergic neurotransmission as well as the presence of neuroinflammation within the regions of the Social Decision-Making Network (SDMN) using a zebrafish model of NMDA receptor hypofunction, following sub-chronic MK-801 administration. MK-801-treated zebrafish are characterized by impaired social communication together with increased anxiety levels. At the molecular level, the behavioral phenotype was accompanied by increased mGluR5 and GAD67 but decreased PSD-95 protein expression levels in telencephalon and midbrain. In parallel, MK-801-treated zebrafish exhibited altered endocannabinoid signaling as indicated by the upregulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in the telencephalon. Interestingly, glutamatergic dysfunction was positively correlated with social withdrawal behavior whereas defective GABAergic and endocannabinoid activity were positively associated with anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, neuronal and astrocytic IL-1β expression was increased in regions of the SDMN, supporting the role of neuroinflammatory responses in the manifestation of MK-801 behavioral phenotype. Colocalization of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) with β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) underlies the possible influence of noradrenergic neurotransmission to increased IL-1β expression in comorbidity between social deficits and elevated anxiety comorbidity. Discussion Overall, our results indicate the contribution of altered excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission as well as excessive neuroinflammatory responses in the manifestation of social deficits and anxiety-like behavior of MK-801-treated fish, identifying possible novel targets for amelioration of these symptoms.
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Barrutieta-Arberas I, Ortuzar N, Vaquero-Rodríguez A, Picó-Gallardo M, Bengoetxea H, Guevara MA, Gargiulo PA, Lafuente JV. The role of ketamine in major depressive disorders: Effects on parvalbumin-positive interneurons in hippocampus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:588-595. [PMID: 37158084 PMCID: PMC10350797 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231170007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex illness that is arising as a growing public health concern. Although several brain areas are related to this type of disorders, at the cellular level, the parvalbumin-positive cells of the hippocampus interplay a very relevant role. They control pyramidal cell bursts, neuronal networks, basic microcircuit functions, and other complex neuronal tasks involved in mood disorders. In resistant depressions, the efficacy of current antidepressant treatments drops dramatically, so the new rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs) are being postulated as novel treatments. Ketamine at subanesthetic doses and its derivative metabolites have been proposed as RAADs due to their rapid and sustained action by blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which in turn lead to the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This mechanism produces a rapid plasticity activation mediated by neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse recovery, and increased dendritic spines and therefore, it is a promising therapeutic approach to improve cognitive symptoms in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Barrutieta-Arberas
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - N Ortuzar
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - A Vaquero-Rodríguez
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - M Picó-Gallardo
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - H Bengoetxea
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - MA Guevara
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National University of Cuyo, 5502 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - PA Gargiulo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National University of Cuyo, 5502 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - JV Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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20
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Johnston JN, Kadriu B, Allen J, Gilbert JR, Henter ID, Zarate CA. Ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics: An update on the mechanisms and biosignatures underlying rapid-acting antidepressant treatment. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109422. [PMID: 36646310 PMCID: PMC9983360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant spurred significant research to understand its underlying mechanisms of action and to identify other novel compounds that may act similarly. Serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) have shown initial promise in treating depression, though the challenge of conducting randomized controlled trials with SPs and the necessity of long-term clinical observation are important limitations. This review summarizes the similarities and differences between the psychoactive effects associated with both ketamine and SPs and the mechanisms of action of these compounds, with a focus on the monoaminergic, glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic, opioid, and inflammatory systems. Both molecular and neuroimaging aspects are considered. While their main mechanisms of action differ-SPs increase serotonergic signaling while ketamine is a glutamatergic modulator-evidence suggests that the downstream mechanisms of action of both ketamine and SPs include mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and downstream GABAA receptor activity. The similarities in downstream mechanisms may explain why ketamine, and potentially SPs, exert rapid-acting antidepressant effects. However, research on SPs is still in its infancy compared to the ongoing research that has been conducted with ketamine. For both therapeutics, issues with regulation and proper controls should be addressed before more widespread implementation. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Ketamine and its Metabolites".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenessa N Johnston
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Josh Allen
- The Alfred Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jessica R Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ioline D Henter
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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21
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Alhaddad A, Radwan A, Mohamed NA, Mehanna ET, Mostafa YM, El-Sayed NM, Fattah SA. Rosiglitazone Mitigates Dexamethasone-Induced Depression in Mice via Modulating Brain Glucose Metabolism and AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030860. [PMID: 36979839 PMCID: PMC10046017 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, complex disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. Disruption of glucose metabolism is implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to regulate the activity of several kinases, including pAKT, p38MAPK, and mTOR, which are important signaling pathways in the treatment of depression. This study tested the hypothesis that rosiglitazone (RGZ) has an antidepressant impact on dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced depression by analyzing the function of the pAKT/p38MAPK/mTOR pathway and NGF through regulation of AMPK. MDD-like pathology was induced by subcutaneous administration of DEXA (20 mg/kg) for 21 days in all groups except in the normal control group, which received saline. To investigate the possible mechanism of RGZ, the protein expression of pAMPK, pAKT, p38MAPK, and 4EBP1 as well as the levels of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and NGF were assessed in prefrontal cortex and hippocampal samples. The activities of pAMPK and NGF increased after treatment with RGZ. The administration of RGZ also decreased the activity of mTOR as well as downregulating the downstream signaling pathways pAKT, p38MAPK, and 4EBP1. Here, we show that RGZ exerts a potent inhibitory effect on the pAKT/p38MAPK/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway and causes activation of NGF in brain cells. This study has provided sufficient evidence of the potential for RGZ to ameliorate DEXA-induced depression. A new insight has been introduced into the critical role of NGF activation in brain cells in depression. These results suggest that RGZ is a promising antidepressant for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Alhaddad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Radwan
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Noha A. Mohamed
- Department of Forgery & Counterfeiting, Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman T. Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.T.M.); (N.M.E.-S.)
| | - Yasser M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr 11829, Egypt
| | - Norhan M. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.T.M.); (N.M.E.-S.)
| | - Shaimaa A. Fattah
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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22
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Belloch FDB, Cortés-Erice M, Herzog E, Zhang XM, Díaz-Perdigon T, Puerta E, Tordera RM. Fast antidepressant action of ketamine in mouse models requires normal VGLUT1 levels from prefrontal cortex neurons. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110640. [PMID: 36209771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA antagonist ketamine demonstrated a fast antidepressant activity in treatment-resistant depression. Pre-clinical studies suggest that de novo synthesis of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the PFC might be involved in the rapid antidepressant action of ketamine. Applying a genetic model of impaired glutamate release, this study aims to further identify the molecular mechanisms that could modulate antidepressant action and resistance to treatment. To that end, mice knocked-down for the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1+/-) were used. We analyzed anhedonia and helpless behavior as well as the expression of the proteins linked to glutamate transmission in the PFC of mice treated with ketamine or the reference antidepressant reboxetine. Moreover, we analyzed the acute effects of ketamine in VGLUT1+/- mice pretreated with chronic reboxetine or those that received a PFC rescue expression of VGLUT1. Chronic reboxetine rescued the depressive-like phenotype of the VGLUT1+/- mice. In addition, it enhanced the expression of the proteins linked to the AMPA signaling pathway as well as the immature form of BDNF (pro-BDNF). Unlike WT mice, ketamine had no effect on anhedonia or pro-BDNF expression in VGLUT1+/- mice; it also failed to decrease phosphorylated eukaryote elongation factor 2 (p-eEF2). Nevertheless, we found that reboxetine administered as pretreatment or PFC overexpression of VGLUT1 did rescue the antidepressant-like activity of acute ketamine in the mice. Our results strongly suggest that not only do PFC VGLUT1 levels modulate the rapid-antidepressant action of ketamine, but also highlight a possible mechanism for antidepressant resistance in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Cortés-Erice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Université de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Xiao Min Zhang
- Université de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Teresa Díaz-Perdigon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Puerta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Tordera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Arpacı AH, Çalıskan H, Güneş E, Işık B. Effects of the Recurrent and Different Doses of Ketamine Exposure on Anxiety-like Behaviors and Locomotor Activity in Juvenile Rats. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 19:CAR-EPUB-130057. [PMID: 36892030 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230308123718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic agent. Although the potential adverse effects of ketamine use in juvenile age are uncertain, certain studies reported that children exposed to recurrent anesthesia could face an increased risk of neurodevelopmental deficits in motor function and behavioral risks. We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of repeated exposure to various ketamine doses on anxious behavior and locomotor activity in juvenile rats. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of repeated exposure to various ketamine doses on anxious behavior and locomotor activity in juvenile rats. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar Albino juvenile male rats were randomized into 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg ketamine (KET) and saline (Group C) Groups and KET was administered for 3 consecutive days at 3-hour intervals in 3 doses. Ten days after the last KET dose, behavioral parameters were analyzed with an open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and light-dark box (LDB). Satistical analysis was conducted with Kruskall-Wallis test followed by Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test. RESULTS Unsupported rearing behavior decreased in 50 mg/kg KET Groups when compared to Group C. Incorrect transition time, total grooming time, and transfer latency time increased significantly in the 50 mg/kg KET Group when compared to Group C. CONCLUSION These results suggested that 50 mg/kg KET led to anxiety-like behavior and destroyed memory and spatial navigation. Ketamine doses were associated with late effects of ketamine on anxiety- like behavior in juvenile rats. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms that play a role in the different effects of ketamine doses on anxiety and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Hande Arpacı
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Specialist, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Çalıskan
- Department of Physiology, Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Emel Güneş
- Physiology Department, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin Işık
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Specialist, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Nguyen TML, Defaix C, Mendez-David I, Tritschler L, Etting I, Alvarez JC, Choucha W, Colle R, Corruble E, David DJ, Gardier AM. Intranasal (R, S)-ketamine delivery induces sustained antidepressant effects associated with changes in cortical balance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic activity. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109357. [PMID: 36462636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, an intranasal (IN) spray of esketamine SPRAVATO® was approved as a fast-acting antidepressant by drug Agencies US FDA and European EMA. At sub-anesthetic doses, (±)-ketamine, a non-competitive glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, increases the overall excitability of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), an effect being essential for its rapid antidepressant activity. We wondered if this effect of ketamine could come from changes in the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in the mPFC. Here, we performed a preclinical approach to study neurochemical and behavioral responses to a single IN ketamine dose in BALB/cJ mice, a strain more sensitive to stress. By using in vivo microdialysis, we measured cortical E/I balance as the ratio between glutamate to GABA extracellular levels 24 h post-ketamine. We found, for the first time, that E/I balance was shifted in favor of excitation rather than inhibition in the mPFC but more robustly with IN KET than with a single intraperitoneal (IP) dose. Increases in plasma and brain ketamine, norketamine and HNKs levels suggest different metabolic profiles of IP and IN ketamine 30 min post-dose. A significantly larger proportion of ketamine and HNKs in the brain are derived from the IN route 30 min post-dose. It may be linked to the greater magnitude in E/I ratio following IN delivery relative to IP at t24 h. This study suggests that both IP and IN are effective brain delivery methods inducing similar sustained antidepressant efficacy of KET, but the way they induced neurotransmitter changes is slightly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Mai Loan Nguyen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, MOODS Team, Chatenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Céline Defaix
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, MOODS Team, Chatenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Indira Mendez-David
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, MOODS Team, Chatenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Laurent Tritschler
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, MOODS Team, Chatenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Isabelle Etting
- Lab. Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Lab. Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Walid Choucha
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, UMR 1018, CESP MOODS Team, Bicêtre Hospital, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, 94270, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Romain Colle
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, UMR 1018, CESP MOODS Team, Bicêtre Hospital, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, 94270, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, UMR 1018, CESP MOODS Team, Bicêtre Hospital, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, 94270, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Denis J David
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, MOODS Team, Chatenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, MOODS Team, Chatenay-Malabry, 92290, France.
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Thompson SM. Plasticity of synapses and reward circuit function in the genesis and treatment of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:90-103. [PMID: 36057649 PMCID: PMC9700729 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
What changes in brain function cause the debilitating symptoms of depression? Can we use the answers to this question to invent more effective, faster acting antidepressant drug therapies? This review provides an overview and update of the converging human and preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that changes in the function of excitatory synapses impair the function of the circuits they are embedded in to give rise to the pathological changes in mood, hedonic state, and thought processes that characterize depression. The review also highlights complementary human and preclinical findings that classical and novel antidepressant drugs relieve the symptoms of depression by restoring the functions of these same synapses and circuits. These findings offer a useful path forward for designing better antidepressant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
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Izumi Y, Hsu FF, Conway CR, Nagele P, Mennerick SJ, Zorumski CF. Nitrous Oxide, a Rapid Antidepressant, Has Ketamine-like Effects on Excitatory Transmission in the Adult Hippocampus. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:964-972. [PMID: 36050137 PMCID: PMC10107749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a noncompetitive inhibitor of NMDA receptors that appears to have ketamine-like rapid antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant major depression. In preclinical studies, ketamine enhances glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In this study, we examined the effects of N2O on glutamate transmission in the hippocampus and compared its effects to those of ketamine. METHODS Glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission was studied in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from adult albino rats using standard extracellular recording methods. Effects of N2O and ketamine at subanesthetic concentrations were evaluated by acute administration. RESULTS Akin to 1 μM ketamine, 30% N2O administered for 15-20 minutes resulted in persistent enhancement of synaptic responses mediated by both AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors. Synaptic enhancement by both N2O and ketamine was blocked by co-administration of a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist at saturating concentration, but only ketamine was blocked by an AMPA receptor antagonist. Synaptic enhancement by both agents involved TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B), mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), and NOS (nitric oxide synthase) with some differences between N2O and ketamine. N2O potentiation occluded enhancement by ketamine, and in vivo N2O exposure occluded further potentiation by both N2O and ketamine. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that N2O has ketamine-like effects on hippocampal synaptic function at a subanesthetic, but therapeutically relevant concentration. These 2 rapid antidepressants have similar, but not identical mechanisms that result in persisting synaptic enhancement, possibly contributing to psychotropic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles R Conway
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter Nagele
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven J Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Jin Y, Pang H, Zhao L, Zhao F, Cheng Z, Liu Q, Cui R, Yang W, Li B. Ginseng total saponins and Fuzi total alkaloids exert antidepressant-like effects in ovariectomized mice through BDNF-mTORC1, autophagy and peripheral metabolic pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154425. [PMID: 36137328 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenfu decoction (SFD) is a classic Chinese medicine prescription that has a strong cardiotonic effect. The combination of ginseng (the dried root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and Fuzi (processed product of sub-root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx), the main constituents of SFD, has been reported to improve the pharmacological effect of each other. Moreover, research has shown that the main active components of SFD, ginseng total saponins (GTS) and Fuzi total alkaloids (FTA), have antidepressant activity. However, the effects of these ingredients on depressive-like behavior induced by ovariectomy, a model of menopausal depression, have not been studied. PURPOSE Our research aims to elucidate the antidepressant-like effects of GTS and FTA compatibility (GF) in ovariectomized mice and the potential mechanisms. METHODS To elucidate the antidepressant-like effects of GF in mice in ovariectomy condition, behavioral tests were performed after 7 days of intragastric administration of different doses of GF. Underlying molecular mechanisms of CREB-BDNF, BDNF-mTORC1 and autophagy signaling were detected by western blotting, serum metabolites were examined by UPLC-QE plus-MS and dendritic spine density was determined by Golgi-Cox staining. RESULTS GF remarkably decreased the immobility time in the forced swim test. GF also increased levels of pCREB/CREB, BDNF, Akt, mTORC1 and p62 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as decreased LC3-II/LC3-I in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of ovariectomized mice. Furthermore, 15 serum differential metabolites (9 of which are lipids and lipid molecules) were identified by metabonomics. Next, the antidepressant-like effects of GF was blocked by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1. The antidepressant actions of GF on levels of pCREB, mTORC1, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62 in the prefrontal cortex and the levels of BDNF, Akt, mTORC1 and p62 in the hippocampus were inhibited by rapamycin, and the dendritic spines density was also regulated. CONCLUSION GF has antidepressant effects in ovariectomized mice, and like other antidepressants, these effects involve activation of BDNF-mTORC1, autophagy regulation and consequent effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Moreover, metabolomic results suggest that GF also has effects on peripheral lipid profiles that may provide potential biomarkers for these antidepressant-like effects. These results indicate that GF is worthy of further exploration as a promising pharmaceutical treatment for depression. This study provides a new direction for the development of new indications for traditional Chinese medicine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- Cosmetics Laboratory, Jilin Institute for Drug Control, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Ziqian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
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Gaszner T, Farkas J, Kun D, Ujvári B, Füredi N, Kovács LÁ, Hashimoto H, Reglődi D, Kormos V, Gaszner B. Epigenetic and Neuronal Activity Markers Suggest the Recruitment of the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in the Three-Hit Model of Depression in Male PACAP Heterozygous Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911739. [PMID: 36233039 PMCID: PMC9570135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and its increasing prevalence challenge patients, the healthcare system, and the economy. We recently created a mouse model based on the three-hit concept of depression. As genetic predisposition (first hit), we applied pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide heterozygous mice on CD1 background. Maternal deprivation modeled the epigenetic factor (second hit), and the chronic variable mild stress was the environmental factor (third hit). Fluoxetine treatment was applied to test the predictive validity of our model. We aimed to examine the dynamics of the epigenetic marker acetyl-lysine 9 H3 histone (H3K9ac) and the neuronal activity marker FOSB in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Fluoxetine decreased H3K9ac in PFC in non-deprived animals, but a history of maternal deprivation abolished the effect of stress and SSRI treatment on H3K9ac immunoreactivity. In the hippocampus, stress decreased, while SSRI increased H3K9ac immunosignal, unlike in the deprived mice, where the opposite effect was detected. FOSB in stress was stimulated by fluoxetine in the PFC, while it was inhibited in the hippocampus. The FOSB immunoreactivity was almost completely abolished in the hippocampus of the deprived mice. This study showed that FOSB and H3K9ac were modulated in a territory-specific manner by early life adversities and later life stress interacting with the effect of fluoxetine therapy supporting the reliability of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kun
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ujvári
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Füredi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Ákos Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Group Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kormos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Impact of stress on inhibitory neuronal circuits, our tribute to Bruce McEwen. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 19:100460. [PMID: 35734023 PMCID: PMC9207718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Bruce S. McEwen, to commemorate the impact he had on how we understand stress and neuronal plasticity, and the profound influence he exerted on our scientific careers. The focus of this review is the impact of stressors on inhibitory circuits, particularly those of the limbic system, but we also consider other regions affected by these adverse experiences. We revise the effects of acute and chronic stress during different stages of development and lifespan, taking into account the influence of the sex of the animals. We review first the influence of stress on the physiology of inhibitory neurons and on the expression of molecules related directly to GABAergic neurotransmission, and then focus on specific interneuron subpopulations, particularly on parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing cells. Then we analyze the effects of stress on molecules and structures related to the plasticity of inhibitory neurons: the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule and perineuronal nets. Finally, we review the potential of antidepressants or environmental manipulations to revert the effects of stress on inhibitory circuits.
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Neurocan regulates vulnerability to stress and the anti-depressant effect of ketamine in adolescent rats. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2522-2532. [PMID: 35264728 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is more prevalent among adolescents than adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using a subthreshold chronic stress model, here we show that developmentally regulated expressions of the perineuronal nets (PNNs), and one of the components, Neurocan in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) are important for the vulnerability to stress and depressive-like behaviors in both adolescent and adult rats. Reduction of PNNs or Neurocan with pharmacological or viral methods to mimic the expression of PNNs in the PrL during adolescence compromised resilience to stress in adult rats, while virally mediated overexpression of Neurocan reversed vulnerability to stress in adolescent rats. Ketamine, a recent-approved drug for treatment-resistant depression rescued impaired function of Parvalbumin-positive neurons function, increased expression of PNNs in the PrL, and reversed depressive-like behaviors in adolescent rats. Furthermore, we show that Neurocan mediates the anti-depressant effect of ketamine, virally mediated reduction of Neurocan in the PrL abolished the anti-depressant effect of ketamine in adolescent rats. Our findings show an important role of Neurocan in depression in adolescence, and suggest a novel mechanism for the anti-depressant effect of ketamine.
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Schaeuble D, Myers B. Cortical–Hypothalamic Integration of Autonomic and Endocrine Stress Responses. Front Physiol 2022; 13:820398. [PMID: 35222086 PMCID: PMC8874315 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.820398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are exacerbated by chronic stress exposure. While stress-induced sympathetic activity and elevated glucocorticoid secretion impair cardiovascular health, the mechanisms by which stress-responsive brain regions integrate autonomic and endocrine stress responses remain unclear. This review covers emerging literature on how specific cortical and hypothalamic nuclei regulate cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress responses. We will also discuss the current understanding of the cellular and circuit mechanisms mediating physiological stress responses. Altogether, the reviewed literature highlights the current state of stress integration research, as well unanswered questions about the brain basis of CVD risk.
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Chen Y, Zheng Y, Yan J, Zhu C, Zeng X, Zheng S, Li W, Yao L, Xia Y, Su WW, Chen Y. Early Life Stress Induces Different Behaviors in Adolescence and Adulthood May Related With Abnormal Medial Prefrontal Cortex Excitation/Inhibition Balance. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:720286. [PMID: 35058738 PMCID: PMC8765554 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.720286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress is thought to be a risk factor for emotional disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. Although the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, whether early life stress affects the E/I balance in the medial prefrontal cortex at various developmental stages is unclear. In this study, rats exposed to maternal separation (MS) that exhibited a well-established early life stress paradigm were used to evaluate the E/I balance in adolescence (postnatal day P43-60) and adulthood (P82-100) by behavior tests, whole-cell recordings, and microdialysis coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis. First, the behavioral tests revealed that MS induced both anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in adolescent rats but only depressive-like behavior in adult rats. Second, MS increased the action potential frequency and E/I balance of synaptic transmission onto L5 pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic (PrL) brain region of adolescent rats while decreasing the action potential frequency and E/I balance in adult rats. Finally, MS increases extracellular glutamate levels and decreased the paired-pulse ratio of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) of pyramidal neurons in the PrL of adolescent rats. In contrast, MS decreased extracellular glutamate levels and increased the paired-pulse ratio of evoked EPSCs of pyramidal neurons in the PrL of adult rats. The present results reveal a key role of E/I balance in different MS-induced disorders may related to the altered probability of presynaptic glutamate release at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjia Zheng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinglan Yan
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanan Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yucen Xia
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Moraga-Amaro R, Guerrin CGJ, Reali Nazario L, Lima Giacobbo B, J O Dierckx RA, Stehberg J, de Vries EFJ, Doorduin J. A single dose of ketamine cannot prevent protracted stress-induced anhedonia and neuroinflammation in rats. Stress 2022; 25:145-155. [PMID: 35384793 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2045269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, millions of people suffer from treatment-resistant depression. Ketamine, a glutamatergic receptor antagonist, can have a rapid antidepressant effect even in treatment-resistant patients. A proposed mechanism for the antidepressant effect of ketamine is the reduction of neuroinflammation. To further explore this hypothesis, we investigated whether a single dose of ketamine can modulate protracted neuroinflammation in a repeated social defeat (RSD) stress rat model, which resembles features of depression. To this end, male animals exposed to RSD were injected with ketamine (20 mg/kg) or vehicle. A combination of behavioral analyses and PET scans of the inflammatory marker TSPO in the brain were performed. Rats submitted to RSD showed anhedonia-like behavior in the sucrose preference test, decreased weight gain, and increased TSPO levels in the insular and entorhinal cortices, as observed by [11C]-PK11195 PET. Whole brain TSPO levels correlated with corticosterone levels in several brain regions of RSD exposed animals, but not in controls. Ketamine injection 1 day after RSD disrupted the correlation between TSPO levels and serum corticosterone levels, but had no effect on depressive-like symptoms, weight gain or the protracted RSD-induced increase in TSPO expression in male rats. These results suggest that ketamine does not exert its effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by modulation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moraga-Amaro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Cyprien G J Guerrin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Luiza Reali Nazario
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Lima Giacobbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy Stehberg
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands
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34
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Kojic M, Saelens J, Kadriu B, Zarate CA, Kraus C. Ketamine for Depression: Advances in Clinical Treatment, Rapid Antidepressant Mechanisms of Action, and a Contrast with Serotonergic Psychedelics. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 56:141-167. [PMID: 35312993 PMCID: PMC10500612 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The approval of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression has created a model for a novel class of rapid-acting glutamatergic antidepressants. Recent research into other novel rapid-acting antidepressants - most notably serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) - has also proven promising. Presently, the mechanisms of action of these substances are under investigation to improve these novel treatments, which also exhibit considerable side effects such as dissociation. This chapter lays out the historical development of ketamine as an antidepressant, outlines its efficacy and safety profile, reviews the evidence for ketamine's molecular mechanism of action, and compares it to the proposed mechanism of SPs. The evidence suggests that although ketamine and SPs act on distinct primary targets, both may lead to rapid restoration of synaptic deficits and downstream network reconfiguration. In both classes of drugs, a glutamate surge activates α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) throughput and increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Taken together, these novel antidepressant mechanisms may serve as a framework to explain the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine and may be crucial for developing new rapid-acting antidepressants with an improved side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kojic
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johan Saelens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bashkim Kadriu
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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35
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Kang MJY, Hawken E, Vazquez GH. The Mechanisms Behind Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: A Systematic Review With a Focus on Molecular Neuroplasticity. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:860882. [PMID: 35546951 PMCID: PMC9082546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.860882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action underlying ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects in patients with depression, both suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), including treatment resistant depression (TRD), remains unclear. Of the many speculated routes that ketamine may act through, restoring deficits in neuroplasticity may be the most parsimonious mechanism in both human patients and preclinical models of depression. Here, we conducted a literature search using PubMed for any reports of ketamine inducing neuroplasticity relevant to depression, to identify cellular and molecular events, relevant to neuroplasticity, immediately observed with rapid mood improvements in humans or antidepressant-like effects in animals. After screening reports using our inclusion/exclusion criteria, 139 publications with data from cell cultures, animal models, and patients with BD or MDD were included (registered on PROSPERO, ID: CRD42019123346). We found accumulating evidence to support that ketamine induces an increase in molecules involved in modulating neuroplasticity, and that these changes are paired with rapid antidepressant effects. Molecules or complexes of high interest include glutamate, AMPA receptors (AMPAR), mTOR, BDNF/TrkB, VGF, eEF2K, p70S6K, GSK-3, IGF2, Erk, and microRNAs. In summary, these studies suggest a robust relationship between improvements in mood, and ketamine-induced increases in molecular neuroplasticity, particularly regarding intracellular signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody J Y Kang
- Center of Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Hawken
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gustavo Hector Vazquez
- Center of Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
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36
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Wallace T, Myers B. Effects of Biological Sex and Stress Exposure on Ventromedial Prefrontal Regulation of Mood-Related Behaviors. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:737960. [PMID: 34512290 PMCID: PMC8426926 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.737960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventral portion of the medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) regulates mood, sociability, and context-dependent behaviors. Consequently, altered vmPFC activity has been implicated in the biological basis of emotional disorders. Recent methodological advances have greatly enhanced the ability to investigate how specific prefrontal cell populations regulate mood-related behaviors, as well as the impact of long-term stress on vmPFC function. However, emerging preclinical data identify prominent sexual divergence in vmPFC behavioral regulation and stress responsivity. Notably, the rodent infralimbic cortex (IL), a vmPFC subregion critical for anti-depressant action, shows marked functional divergence between males and females. Accordingly, this review examines IL encoding and modulation of mood-related behaviors, including coping style, reward, and sociability, with a focus on sex-based outcomes. We also review how these processes are impacted by prolonged stress exposure. Collectively, the data suggest that chronic stress has sex-specific effects on IL excitatory/inhibitory balance that may account for sex differences in the prevalence and course of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Brent Myers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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37
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Interleukin-1 receptor on hippocampal neurons drives social withdrawal and cognitive deficits after chronic social stress. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4770-4782. [PMID: 32444870 PMCID: PMC8730339 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression. Several inflammatory-related effects of stress are associated with increased interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling within the central nervous system and are mediated by IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) on several distinct cell types. Neuronal IL-1R1 is prominently expressed on the neurons of the dentate gyrus, but its role in mediating behavioral responses to stress is unknown. We hypothesize that IL-1 acts on this subset of hippocampal neurons to influence cognitive and mood alterations with stress. Here, mice subjected to psychosocial stress showed reduced social interaction and impaired working memory, and these deficits were prevented by global IL-1R1 knockout. Stress-induced monocyte trafficking to the brain was also blocked by IL-1R1 knockout. Selective deletion of IL-1R1 in glutamatergic neurons (nIL-1R1-/-) abrogated the stress-induced deficits in social interaction and working memory. In addition, viral-mediated selective IL-1R1 deletion in hippocampal neurons confirmed that IL-1 receptor in the hippocampus was critical for stress-induced behavioral deficits. Furthermore, selective restoration of IL-1R1 on glutamatergic neurons was sufficient to reestablish the impairments of social interaction and working memory after stress. RNA-sequencing of the hippocampus revealed that stress increased several canonical pathways (TREM1, NF-κB, complement, IL-6 signaling) and upstream regulators (INFγ, IL-1β, NF-κB, MYD88) associated with inflammation. The inductions of TREM1 signaling, complement, and leukocyte extravasation with stress were reversed by nIL-1R1-/-. Collectively, stress-dependent IL-1R1 signaling in hippocampal neurons represents a novel mechanism by which inflammation is perpetuated and social interactivity and working memory are modulated.
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38
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Shinohara R, Aghajanian GK, Abdallah CG. Neurobiology of the Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: Impact and Opportunities. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:85-95. [PMID: 33568318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine has 1) led to a paradigm shift in our perception of what is possible in treating severe depression; 2) spurred a wave of basic, translation, and clinical research; and 3) provided an unprecedented investigational tool to conduct longitudinal mechanistic studies that may capture behavioral changes as complex as clinical remission and relapse within hours and days of treatment. Unfortunately, these advances did not yet translate into clinical biomarkers or novel treatments, beyond ketamine. In contrast to slow-acting antidepressants, in which targeting monoaminergic receptors identified several efficacious drugs with comparable mechanisms, the focus on the receptor targets of ketamine has failed in several clinical trials over the past decade. Thus, it is becoming increasingly crucial that we concentrate our effort on the downstream molecular mechanisms of ketamine and their effects on the brain circuitry and networks. Honoring the legacy of our mentor, friend, and colleague Ron Duman, we provide a historical note on the discovery of ketamine and its putative mechanisms. We then detail the molecular and circuits effect of ketamine based on preclinical findings, followed by a summary of the impact of this work on our understanding of chronic stress pathology across psychiatric disorders, with particular emphasis on the role of synaptic connectivity and its brain network effects in the pathology and treatment of clinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shinohara
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - George K Aghajanian
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; VA National Center for PTSD-Clinical Neuroscience Division, West Haven, Connecticut; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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39
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Fogaça MV, Wu M, Li C, Li XY, Picciotto MR, Duman RS. Inhibition of GABA interneurons in the mPFC is sufficient and necessary for rapid antidepressant responses. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3277-3291. [PMID: 33070149 PMCID: PMC8052382 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with alterations of GABAergic interneurons, notably somatostatin (Sst) as well as parvalbumin (Pvalb), in cortical brain areas. In addition, the antidepressant effects of rapid-acting drugs are thought to occur via inhibition of GABA interneurons. However, the impact of these interneuron subtypes in affective behaviors as well as in the effects of rapid-acting antidepressants remains to be determined. Here, we used a Cre-dependent DREADD-chemogenetic approach to determine if inhibition of GABA interneurons in the mPFC of male mice is sufficient to produce antidepressant actions, and conversely if activation of these interneurons blocks the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of scopolamine, a nonselective acetylcholine muscarinic receptor antagonist. Chemogenetic inhibition of all GABA interneurons (Gad1+), as well as Sst+ and Pvalb+ subtypes in the mPFC produced dose and time-dependent antidepressant effects in the forced swim and novelty suppressed feeding tests, and increased synaptic plasticity. In contrast, stimulation of Gad1, Sst, or Pvalb interneurons in mPFC abolished the effects of scopolamine and prevented scopolamine induction of synaptic plasticity. The results demonstrate that transient inhibition of GABA interneurons promotes synaptic plasticity that underlies rapid antidepressant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela V. Fogaça
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Corresponding author: Manoela V. Fogaça, 34 Park Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06519 USA, ; , Phone: +1 (203) 974-7726
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Xiao-Yuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ronald S. Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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40
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Yin YY, Wang YH, Liu WG, Yao JQ, Yuan J, Li ZH, Ran YH, Zhang LM, Li YF. The role of the excitation:inhibition functional balance in the mPFC in the onset of antidepressants. Neuropharmacology 2021; 191:108573. [PMID: 33945826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently available antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), generally require weeks to months to produce a therapeutic response, but the mechanism of action underlying the delayed onset of antidepressant-like action remains to be elucidated. The balance between excitatory glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons, i.e., the excitation:inhibition functional (E:I) balance, in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical in regulating several behaviors and might play an important mediating role in the mechanism of rapid antidepressant-like action reported by several studies. In the present study, the multichannel electrophysiological technique was used to record the firing activities of pyramidal neurons and interneurons and investigate the effects of a single dose of fluoxetine and ketamine (both 10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the E:I functional balance in the rat mPFC after 90 min or 24 h, and the forced swimming test (FST) was used to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of fluoxetine and ketamine. The present study also explored the effects of chronic treatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.g.) for 7 d or 21 d on the E:I functional balance in the mPFC. The present results suggested that a single dose of ketamine could both significantly increase the firing activities of pyramidal neurons and significantly decrease the firing activities of interneurons in the mPFC and exerted significant antidepressant-like action on the FST after 90 min and 24 h, but fluoxetine had no such effects under the same conditions. However, chronic treatment with fluoxetine for 21 d (but not 7 d) could significantly affect the firing activities of pyramidal neurons and interneurons in the mPFC. Taken together, the present results indicated that rapid regulation of the E:I functional balance in the mPFC might be an important common mechanism of rapid-acting antidepressants and the delayed onset of SSRIs might be partly attributed to their inability to rapidly regulate the E:I functional balance in the mPFC. The present study provided a new entry point to the development of rapid-acting antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Yin
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jun-Qi Yao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Han Li
- Capital Normal University High School, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hua Ran
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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41
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Czéh B, Simon M. Benefits of animal models to understand the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110049. [PMID: 32735913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a potentially life-threatening mental disorder imposing severe social and economic burden worldwide. Despite the existence of effective antidepressant treatment strategies the exact pathophysiology of the disease is still unknown. Large number of animal models of MDD have been developed over the years, but all of them suffer from significant shortcomings. Despite their limitations these models have been extensively used in academic research and drug development. The aim of this review is to highlight the benefits of animal models of MDD. We focus here on recent experimental data where animal models were used to examine current theories of this complex disease. We argue, that despite their evident imperfections, these models provide invaluable help to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of MDD. Furthermore, animal models are utilized in research to find clinically useful biomarkers. We discuss recent neuroimaging and microRNA studies since these investigations yielded promising candidates for biomarkers. Finally, we briefly summarize recent progresses in drug development, i.e. the FDA approval of two novel antidepressant drugs: S-ketamine and brexanolone (allopregnanolone). Deeper understanding of the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms of action responsible for the antidepressant efficacy of these rapid acting drugs could aid us to design further compounds with similar effectiveness, but less side effects. Animal studies are likely to provide valuable help in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Maria Simon
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
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42
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Prevot TD, Sumitomo A, Tomoda T, Knutson DE, Li G, Mondal P, Banasr M, Cook JM, Sibille E. Reversal of Age-Related Neuronal Atrophy by α5-GABAA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulation. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1395-1408. [PMID: 33068001 PMCID: PMC7786363 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with reduced brain volume, altered neural activity, and neuronal atrophy in cortical-like structures, comprising the frontal cortex and hippocampus, together contributing to cognitive impairments. Therapeutic efforts aimed at reversing these deficits have focused on excitatory or neurotrophic mechanisms, although recent findings show that reduced dendritic inhibition mediated by α5-subunit containing GABA-A receptors (α5-GABAA-Rs) occurs during aging and contributes to cognitive impairment. Here, we aimed to confirm the beneficial effect on working memory of augmenting α5-GABAA-R activity in old mice and tested its potential at reversing age-related neuronal atrophy. We show that GL-II-73, a novel ligand with positive allosteric modulatory activity at α5-GABAA-R (α5-PAM), increases dendritic branching complexity and spine numbers of cortical neurons in vitro. Using old mice, we confirm that α5-PAM reverses age-related working memory deficits and show that chronic treatment (3 months) significantly reverses age-related dendritic shrinkage and spine loss in frontal cortex and hippocampus. A subsequent 1-week treatment cessation (separate cohort) resulted in loss of efficacy on working memory but maintained morphological neurotrophic effects. Together, the results demonstrate the beneficial effect on working memory and neurotrophic efficacy of augmenting α5-GABAA-R function in old mice, suggesting symptomatic and disease-modifying potential in age-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Akiko Sumitomo
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Toshifumi Tomoda
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Daniel E Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Prithu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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43
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Altered GABA-mediated information processing and cognitive dysfunctions in depression and other brain disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:151-167. [PMID: 32346158 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions, including impaired attention, learning, memory, planning and problem solving, occur in depressive episodes, often persist during remission, predict relapse, worsen with recurrent episodes, and are not treated by current antidepressants or other medications. Cognitive symptoms are also present in other psychiatric disorders, are a hallmark of aging, and define several late-life disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. This pervasive occurrence suggests either a non-specific outcome of a diseased brain, or a shared underlying pathology contributing to this symptom dimension. Recent findings suggest a role for altered GABAergic inhibition in cognitive symptoms. Cellular, molecular and biochemical studies in human subjects report changes affecting the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) system, specifically somatostatin-expressing (SST+) GABAergic interneurons, across brain disorders and during aging. SST+ neurons gate excitatory input onto pyramidal neurons within cortical microcircuits. Experimentally reducing the function of these neurons affects excitatory signal-to-noise ratio, reduces synchronized cellular and neural activity, and leads to cognitive dysfunctions. Conversely, augmenting SST+ cell post-synaptic α5-GABA-A receptor activity has pro-cognitive efficacy in stress and aging models. Together, this suggests that reduced signaling of the SST+ neuron/α5-GABA-A receptor pathway contributes to cognitive dysfunctions, and that it represents a novel therapeutic target for remediating mood and cognitive symptoms in depression, other psychiatric disorders and during aging.
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44
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The Impact of FKBP5 Deficiency in Glucocorticoid Receptor Mediated Regulation of Synaptic Transmission in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Neuroscience 2020; 457:20-26. [PMID: 33359659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stress activates glucocorticoid receptors in the brain and facilitates the onset of multitude psychiatric disorders. It has been shown that FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) expression increases during glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation in various brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). FKBP5 knockout (KO) mice are reported to be resilient to stress, however, it remains uninvestigated whether FKBP5 loss affects neurotransmission and if so, what the functional consequences are. Here, we examined the impact of FKBP5 deletion in synaptic transmission of the mPFC. We found that GR activation significantly decreased excitatory neurotransmission in the mPFC, which was completely abolished upon FKBP5 deletion, in consistent with behavioral resilience observed in FKBP5 KO mice. Even though FKBP5 loss has minimal impact on neural excitability, we found that FKBP5 deletion distorts the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the mPFC. Our study suggests that FKBP5 deficiency leads to the mPFC insensitive to GR activation and provides a neurophysiological explanation for how FKBP5 deficiency may mediate stress resilience.
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45
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Gerhard DM, Pothula S, Liu RJ, Wu M, Li XY, Girgenti MJ, Taylor SR, Duman CH, Delpire E, Picciotto M, Wohleb ES, Duman RS. GABA interneurons are the cellular trigger for ketamine's rapid antidepressant actions. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1336-1349. [PMID: 31743111 DOI: 10.1172/jci130808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A single subanesthetic dose of ketamine, an NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, produces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in depressed patients, addressing a major unmet need for the treatment of mood disorders. Ketamine produces a rapid increase in extracellular glutamate and synaptic formation in the prefrontal cortex, but the initial cellular trigger that initiates this increase and ketamine's behavioral actions has not been identified. To address this question, we used a combination of viral shRNA and conditional mutation to produce cell-specific knockdown or deletion of a key NMDAR subunit, GluN2B, implicated in the actions of ketamine. The results demonstrated that the antidepressant actions of ketamine were blocked by GluN2B-NMDAR knockdown on GABA (Gad1) interneurons, as well as subtypes expressing somatostatin (Sst) or parvalbumin (Pvalb), but not glutamate principle neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Further analysis of GABA subtypes showed that cell-specific knockdown or deletion of GluN2B in Sst interneurons blocked or occluded the antidepressant actions of ketamine and revealed sex-specific differences that are associated with excitatory postsynaptic currents on mPFC principle neurons. These findings demonstrate that GluN2B-NMDARs on GABA interneurons are the initial cellular trigger for the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine and show sex-specific adaptive mechanisms to GluN2B modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Gerhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Santosh Pothula
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rong-Jian Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Yuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Seth R Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Catharine H Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marina Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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46
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Neis VB, Moretti M, Rosa PB, Dalsenter YDO, Werle I, Platt N, Kaufmann FN, Rosado AF, Besen MH, Rodrigues ALS. The involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/GSK3β signaling pathways in the antidepressant-like effect of AZD6765. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 198:173020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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47
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Pace SA, Christensen C, Schackmuth MK, Wallace T, McKlveen JM, Beischel W, Morano R, Scheimann JR, Wilson SP, Herman JP, Myers B. Infralimbic cortical glutamate output is necessary for the neural and behavioral consequences of chronic stress. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100274. [PMID: 33344727 PMCID: PMC7739189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to prolonged stress is a major risk-factor for psychiatric disorders such as generalized anxiety and major depressive disorder. Human imaging studies have identified structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with depression and anxiety disorders, particularly Brodmann's area 25 (BA25). Further, deep brain stimulation of BA25 reduces symptoms of treatment-resistant depression. The rat homolog of BA25 is the infralimbic cortex (IL), which is critical for cognitive appraisal, executive function, and physiological stress reactivity. Previous studies indicate that the IL undergoes stress-induced changes in excitatory/inhibitory balance culminating in reduced activity of glutamate output neurons. However, the regulatory role of IL glutamate output in mood-related behaviors after chronic variable stress (CVS) is unknown. Here, we utilized a lentiviral-packaged small-interfering RNA to reduce translation of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGluT1 siRNA), thereby constraining IL glutamate output. This viral-mediated gene transfer was used in conjunction with a quantitative anatomical analysis of cells expressing the stable immediate-early gene product FosB/ΔFosB, which accumulates in response to repeated neural activation. Through assessment of FosB/ΔFosB-expressing neurons across the frontal lobe in adult male rats, we mapped regions altered by chronic stress and determined the coordinating role of the IL in frontal cortical plasticity. Specifically, CVS-exposed rats had increased density of FosB/ΔFosB-expressing cells in the IL and decreased density in the insula. The latter effect was dependent on IL glutamate output. Next, we examined the interaction of CVS and reduced IL glutamate output in behavioral assays examining coping, anxiety-like behavior, associative learning, and nociception. IL glutamate knockdown decreased immobility during the forced swim test compared to GFP controls, both in rats exposed to CVS as well as rats without previous stress exposure. Further, vGluT1 siRNA prevented CVS-induced avoidance behaviors, while also reducing risk aversion and passive coping. Ultimately, this study identifies the necessity of IL glutamatergic output for regulating frontal cortical neural activity and behavior following chronic stress. These findings also highlight how disruption of excitatory/inhibitory balance within specific frontal cortical cell populations may impact neurobehavioral adaptation and lead to stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Pace
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Tyler Wallace
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica M. McKlveen
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Will Beischel
- Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Morano
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jessie R. Scheimann
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steven P. Wilson
- Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James P. Herman
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brent Myers
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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48
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Jefferson SJ, Feng M, Chon UR, Guo Y, Kim Y, Luscher B. Disinhibition of somatostatin interneurons confers resilience to stress in male but not female mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100238. [PMID: 33344694 PMCID: PMC7739040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress represents a vulnerability factor for anxiety and depressive disorders and has been widely used to model aspects of these disorders in rodents. Disinhibition of somatostatin (SST)-positive GABAergic interneurons in mice by deletion of γ2 GABAA receptors selectively from these cells (SSTCre:γ2f/f mice) has been shown to result in behavioral and biochemical changes that mimic the responses to antidepressant doses of ketamine. Here we explored the extent to which SSTCre:γ2f/f mice exhibit resilience to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). We found that male SSTCre:γ2f/f mice are resilient to UCMS-induced (i) reductions in weight gain, (ii) reductions in SST-immuno-positive cells in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), (iii) increases in phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) in mPFC, and (iv) increased anxiety in a novelty suppressed feeding test. Female SSTCre:γ2f/f mice were resilient to UCMS-induced reductions in SST-immuno-positive cells indistinguishably from males. However, in contrast to males, they showed no UCMS effects on weight gain independent of genotype. Moreover, in mPFC of female γ2f/f control mice, UCMS resulted in paradoxically reduced p-EF2 levels without stress effects in the SSTCre:γ2f/f mutants. Lastly, female SSTCre:γ2f/f mice showed increased rather than reduced UCMS induced anxiety compared to γ2f/f controls. Thus, disinhibition of SST interneurons results in behavioral resilience to UCMS selectively in male mice, along with cellular resilience of SST neurons to UCMS independent of sex. Thus, mechanisms underlying vulnerability and resilience to stress are sex specific and map to mPFC rather than hippocampus but appear unrelated to changes in expression of SST as a marker of corresponding interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Jefferson
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mengyang Feng
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - URee Chon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Bernhard Luscher
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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49
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Brockway DF, Crowley NA. Turning the 'Tides on Neuropsychiatric Diseases: The Role of Peptides in the Prefrontal Cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:588400. [PMID: 33192369 PMCID: PMC7606924 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.588400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in technology have enabled researchers to probe the brain with the greater region, cell, and receptor specificity. These developments have allowed for a more thorough understanding of how regulation of the neurophysiology within a region is essential for maintaining healthy brain function. Stress has been shown to alter the prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning, and evidence links functional impairments in PFC brain activity with neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, a growing body of literature highlights the importance of neuropeptides in the PFC to modulate neural signaling and to influence behavior. The converging evidence outlined in this review indicates that neuropeptides in the PFC are specifically impacted by stress, and are found to be dysregulated in numerous stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders including substance use disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. This review explores how neuropeptides in the PFC function to regulate the neural activity, and how genetic and environmental factors, such as stress, lead to dysregulation in neuropeptide systems, which may ultimately contribute to the pathology of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota F Brockway
- Neuroscience Curriculum, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Nicole A Crowley
- Neuroscience Curriculum, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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50
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Okine T, Shepard R, Lemanski E, Coutellier L. Sex Differences in the Sustained Effects of Ketamine on Resilience to Chronic Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:581360. [PMID: 33192367 PMCID: PMC7606988 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.581360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress is recognized to be a triggering factor in several mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. There is very little understanding of why female subjects have a significantly higher risk for these conditions than males. Recent findings in male rodents indicated that prophylactic ketamine can prevent the development of a stress-induced depressive-like phenotype, providing a pharmacological tool to study the mechanisms underlying stress resilience. Unfortunately, none of these studies incorporated female subjects, nor did they provide a mechanistic understanding of the effects of ketamine on stress resilience. Our previous work identified the prefrontal glutamatergic and parvalbumin (PV) systems as potential molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in susceptibility to stress-induced emotional deregulations. To further address this point, we treated male and female mice with a single dose of ketamine before exposure to a chronic stress paradigm to determine whether stress-resilience induced by a pre-exposure to ketamine is similar in males and females and whether modulation of the prefrontal glutamatergic and PV systems by ketamine is associated with these behavioral effects. Ketamine prevented chronic stress-induced changes in behaviors in males, which was associated with a reduction in expression of PV and the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit. Ketamine did not protect females against the effects of chronic stress and did not change significantly prefrontal gene expression. Our data highlight fundamental sex differences in the sustained effects of ketamine. They also further implicate prefrontal glutamatergic transmission and PV in resilience to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Okine
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ryan Shepard
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elise Lemanski
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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