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Zhang L, Xu LY, Tang F, Liu D, Zhao XL, Zhang JN, Xia J, Wu JJ, Yang Y, Peng C, Ao H. New perspectives on the therapeutic potential of quercetin in non-communicable diseases: Targeting Nrf2 to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100930. [PMID: 39005843 PMCID: PMC11245930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, and skeletal diseases, pose significant challenges to public health worldwide. The complex pathogenesis of these diseases is closely linked to oxidative stress and inflammatory damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a critical transcription factor, plays an important role in regulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses to protect the cells from oxidative damage and inflammation-mediated injury. Therefore, Nrf2-targeting therapies hold promise for preventing and treating NCDs. Quercetin (Que) is a widely available flavonoid that has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It modulates the Nrf2 signaling pathway to ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation. Que modulates mitochondrial function, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell damage biomarkers to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting its efficacy as a therapeutic agent against NCDs. Here, we discussed, for the first time, the close association between NCD pathogenesis and the Nrf2 signaling pathway, involved in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), cardiovascular disease, cancers, organ damage, and bone damage. Furthermore, we reviewed the availability, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutics, and therapeutic applications of Que in treating NCDs. In addition, we focused on the challenges and prospects for its clinical use. Que represents a promising candidate for the treatment of NCDs due to its Nrf2-targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li-Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jing-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hui Ao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Younis MM, Ayoub IM, George MY, Mostafa NM, Eldahshan OA. In vivo hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Stenocarpus sinuatus leaf extract against ifosfamide-induced toxicity in rats. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300438. [PMID: 37984852 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ifosfamide (IFOS) is a broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent that has been extensively used for breast cancer and other solid tumors. Unfortunately, its use is associated with toxicities of several organs. Stenocarpus sinuatus is an Australian tree belonging to the Proteaceae family. In the current study, the phytochemical constituents of S. sinuatus methanol leaf extract (SSLE) were assessed. In addition, the protective effect of SSLE against IFOS-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity was evaluated. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, IFOS (50 mg/kg), IFOS + SSLE (100 mg/kg), IFOS + SSLE (200 mg/kg), IFOS + SSLE (400 mg/kg), and SSLE (400 mg/kg). Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potency of SSLE was assessed using different biochemical parameters. The phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of four flavonoid glycosides (kaempferol 3-O-β- d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α- l-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-β- d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α- l-rhamnopyranoside, and quercetin 3-O-β- d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α- l-rhamnopyranoside) and a coumarin (scopoletin). This is the first report on the isolated compounds from the genus Stenocarpus. SSLE showed enhancement of kidney and liver functions and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. The histopathology of the investigated organs confirmed the protective effect of SSLE. In conclusion, SSLE is considered as a promising candidate that can be used in defense against the toxic effects of IFOS after further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Younis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iriny M Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Kao YH, Chang CY, Lin YC, Chen PH, Lee PH, Chang HR, Chang WY, Chang YC, Wun SF, Sun CK. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Mitigate Acute Murine Liver Injury via Ets-1 and Heme Oxygenase-1 Up-regulation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:906-918. [PMID: 37723631 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x19666230918102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have been previously demonstrated to promote tissue regeneration in various animal disease models. This study investigated the protective effect of exosome treatment in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and delineated possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Exosomes collected from conditioned media of previously characterized human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were intravenously administered into male CD-1 mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Biochemical, histological and molecular parameters were used to evaluate the severity of liver injury. A rat hepatocyte cell line, Clone-9, was used to validate the molecular changes by exosome treatment. RESULTS Exosome treatment significantly suppressed plasma levels of AST, ALT, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, in the mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Histological morphometry revealed a significant reduction in the necropoptic area in the injured livers following exosome therapy. Consistently, western blot analysis indicated marked elevations in hepatic expression of PCNA, c-Met, Ets-1, and HO-1 proteins after exosome treatment. Besides, the phosphorylation level of signaling mediator JNK was significantly increased, and that of p38 was restored by exosome therapy. Immunohistochemistry double staining confirmed nuclear Ets-1 expression and cytoplasmic localization of c-Met and HO-1 proteins. In vitro studies demonstrated that exosome treatment increased the proliferation of Clone-9 hepatocytes and protected them from CCl4-induced cytotoxicity. Kinase inhibition experiment indicated that the exosome-driven hepatoprotection might be mediated through the JNK pathway. CONCLUSION Exosome therapy activates the JNK signaling activation pathway as well as up-regulates Ets-1 and HO-1 expression, thereby protecting hepatocytes against hepatotoxin-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Chang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 52445, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 52445, Taiwan
- Committee for Integration and Promotion of Advanced Medicine and Biotechnology, E-Da Healthcare Group, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Huoy-Rou Chang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chang
- Department of Dermatology, EDa Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
- The School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, IShou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Chen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Fa Wun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
- The School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, IShou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
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Gavia-García G, Rosado-Pérez J, Arista-Ugalde TL, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM. The consumption of Sechium edule (chayote) has antioxidant effect and prevents telomere attrition in older adults with metabolic syndrome. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2207323. [PMID: 37140004 PMCID: PMC10165935 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2207323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of the consumption of Sechium edule (1.5 g/day) for six months on oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation markers and its association with telomere length (TL) in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS The study was conducted in a sample of 48 older adults: placebo (EP) and experimental (EG) groups. Lipoperoxides, protein carbonylation, 8-OHdG, total oxidant status (TOS), SOD, GPx, H2O2 inhibition, total antioxidant status (TAS), inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL10, TNF-α), and TL were measured before and six months post-treatment. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in the levels of lipoperoxides, protein carbonylation, 8-OHdG, TOS in the EG in comparison PG. Likewise, a significante increase of TAS, IL-6, and IL-10 levels was found at six months post-treatment in EG in comparison with PG. TL showed a statistically significant decrease in PG compared to post-treatment EG. CONCLUSIONS Our findigns showed that the supplementation of Sechium edule has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, and diminushion of shortening of telomeric DNA in older adults with MetS. This would be the first study that shows that the intervention with Sechium edule has a possible geroprotective effect by preventing telomeres from shortening as usually happens in these patients. Therefore, suggesting a protection of telomeric DNA and genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gavia-García
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juana Rosado-Pérez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gupta M, Ahmad J, Ahamad J, Kundu S, Goel A, Mishra A. Flavonoids as promising anticancer therapeutics: Contemporary research, nanoantioxidant potential, and future scope. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5159-5192. [PMID: 37668281 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds considered safe, pleiotropic, and readily available molecules. It is widely distributed in various food products such as fruits and vegetables and beverages such as green tea, wine, and coca-based products. Many studies have reported the anticancer potential of flavonoids against different types of cancers, including solid tumors. The chemopreventive effect of flavonoids is attributed to various mechanisms, including modulation of autophagy, induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and antioxidant defense. Despite of significant anticancer activity of flavonoids, their clinical translation is limited due to their poor biopharmaceutical attributes (such as low aqueous solubility, limited permeability across the biological membranes (intestinal and blood-brain barrier), and stability issue in biological systems). A nanoparticulate system is an approach that is widely utilized to improve the biopharmaceutical performance and therapeutic efficacy of phytopharmaceuticals. The present review discusses the significant anticancer potential of promising flavonoids in different cancers and the utilization of nanoparticulate systems to improve their nanoantioxidant activity further to enhance the anticancer activity of loaded promising flavonoids. Although, various plant-derived secondary metabolites including flavonoids have been recommended for treating cancer, further vigilant research is warranted to prove their translational values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahamad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snehashis Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Archit Goel
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
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Gavia-García G, Hernández-Álvarez D, Arista-Ugalde TL, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM, Rosado-Pérez J. The Supplementation of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (Chayote) Promotes Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Protection in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:4106. [PMID: 37836390 PMCID: PMC10574595 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to determine the effect of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (chayote) on gene expression related to antioxidant protection mechanisms and the inflammatory process in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A quasi-experimental study was carried out in a convenience sample of 46 older adults diagnosed with MetS: (i) placebo group (PG; n = 20); (ii) experimental group (EG; n = 26). The clinical, biochemical, anthropometric parameters and SOD, GPx, and CAT enzyme activity, alongside total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), and mRNA expression of SOD, GPx, CAT, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Nrf2, NFkB p50, and NFkB p65, were measured at baseline and 6 months post-intervention. A statistically significant decrease was observed in TOS (baseline, 28.9 ± 3.6 vs. post, 23.7 ± 3.4, p < 0.01) and OSI (baseline, 24.1 ± 3.8 vs. post, 17.7 ± 4), as well as an increase in IL-6 (baseline, 10.7 ± 1.1 vs. post, 12.3 ± 2, p = 0.03), SOD activity (baseline, 167.1 ± 11.9 vs. post, 180.6 ± 7.6, p < 0.05), CAT activity (baseline, 1.0 ± 0.2 vs. post, 1.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.01), and TAS (baseline, 1.1 ± 0.1 vs. post, 1.4 ± 0.1, p < 0.01) in the EG compared to the PG. Regarding the expression of Nrf2, SOD, and IL-6, the EG showed a significant increase vs. basal levels (47%, 44%, and 43%, respectively). Our findings suggest that Sechium edule supplementation promotes the antioxidant response and decreases oxidative stress via Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gavia-García
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - David Hernández-Álvarez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Taide Laurita Arista-Ugalde
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (I.A.-S.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (I.A.-S.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Juana Rosado-Pérez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
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Sadeghi A, Khazaeel K, Tabandeh MR, Nejaddehbashi F, Givi ME. Prenatal exposure to crude oil vapor reduces differentiation potential of rat fetal mesenchymal stem cells by regulating ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways: Protective effect of quercetin. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108440. [PMID: 37467934 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been indicated that crude oil vapor (COV) induces tissue damage by several molecular mechanisms. Quercetin (QT) as an important component of food with antioxidant properties has a protective role against cell toxicity caused by many pollutants. However, data related to the adverse effects of crude oil vapor (COV) on stem cell fate and differentiation and the role of quercetin (QT) in protecting stem cells against the toxicity caused by these pollutants is very limited. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of QT against the adverse effects of COV on fetal mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) differentiation. Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were categorized into 4 groups including the control, COV, COV+QT, and QT. Rats were exposed to COV from gestational day (GD) 0-15 and received QT by gavage. The fMSCs were isolated from fetuses, and cell proliferation, differentiation potential, expression of osteogenesis and adipogenesis-related genes, and phosphorylation of PI3K and ERK1/2 signaling proteins were evaluated. The results showed that COV reduced the proliferation and differentiation of fMSCs through the activation of PI3K and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Also, COV significantly decreased the expression of osteonectin, ALP, BMP-6, Runx-2, PPARγ, and CREBBP genes in differentiated cells. QT treatment increased the proliferation and differentiation of fMSCs in COV-exposed rats. In conclusion, our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to COV impaired fMSCs differentiation and QT reduced the adverse effects of COV by regulating ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Sadeghi
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kaveh Khazaeel
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center (STTRC), Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center (STTRC), Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Nejaddehbashi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ezzati Givi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zargar S, Altwaijry N, Wani TA, Alkahtani HM. Evaluation of the Possible Pathways Involved in the Protective Effects of Quercetin, Naringenin, and Rutin at the Gene, Protein and miRNA Levels Using In-Silico Multidimensional Data Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:4904. [PMID: 37446564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that are non-essential for plant growth or survival, and they also provide numerous health benefits to humans. They are antioxidants that shield plants from the ill effects of ultraviolet light, pests, and diseases. They are beneficial to health for several reasons, including lowering inflammation, boosting cardiovascular health, and lowering cancer risk. This study looked into the physicochemical features of these substances to determine the potential pharmacological pathways involved in their protective actions. Potential targets responsible for the protective effects of quercetin, naringenin, and rutin were identified with SwissADME. The associated biological processes and protein-protein networks were analyzed by using the GeneMANIA, Metascape, and STRING servers. All the flavonoids were predicted to be orally bioavailable, with more than 90% targets as enzymes, including kinases and lyases, and with common targets such as NOS2, CASP3, CASP9, CAT, BCL2, TNF, and HMOX1. TNF was shown to be a major target in over 250 interactions. To extract the "biological meanings" from the MCODE networks' constituent parts, a GO enrichment analysis was performed on each one. The most important transcription factors in gene regulation were RELA, NFKB1, PPARG, and SP1. Treatment with quercetin, naringenin, or rutin increased the expression and interaction of the microRNAs' hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-30b-5p, hsa-let-7a-5p, and hsa-miR-26a-1-3p. The anticancer effects of hsa-miR-34a-5p have been experimentally confirmed. It also plays a critical role in controlling other cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, and metastasis. This study's findings might lead to a deeper comprehension of the mechanisms responsible for flavonoids' protective effects and could present new avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nojood Altwaijry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Li L, Qin Y, Xin X, Wang S, Liu Z, Feng X. The great potential of flavonoids as candidate drugs for NAFLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114991. [PMID: 37302319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a global prevalence of approximately 25 % and is associated with high morbidity and high mortality. NAFLD is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its pathophysiology is complex and still poorly understood, and there are no drugs used in the clinic to specifically treat NAFLD. Its pathogenesis involves the accumulation of excess lipids in the liver, leading to lipid metabolism disorders and inflammation. Phytochemicals with the potential to prevent or treat excess lipid accumulation have recently received increasing attention, as they are potentially more suitable for long-term use than are traditional therapeutic compounds. In this review, we summarize the classification, biochemical properties, and biological functions of flavonoids and how they are used in the treatment of NAFLD. Highlighting the roles and pharmacological uses of these compounds will be of importance for enhancing the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangge Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xijian Xin
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Shendong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
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Zhang B, Li M, Zhou G, Gu X, Xie L, Zhao M, Xu Q, Tan G, Zhang N. ZnO-NPs alleviate aflatoxin B 1-induced hepatoxicity in ducklings by promoting hepatic metallothionein expression. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114826. [PMID: 36989561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin widely present in animal feed and human food, posing a serious threat to animal and human health. This study was aim to illustrate the mechanism of the protective role of MT against AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity, as well as to explore the feasibility of enhancing the tolerance of poultry to AFB1 by upregulating the expression of hepatic MT. After being exposed to AFB1 (50 ng/kg) primary duckling hepatocytes, the cell viability, the antioxidant index (SOD and GPx) and the mRNA levels of MT downstream genes (PTGR, p53, TrxR, AR and Bcl-2) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, while the intracellular formation of (AFBO)-DNA adduct content, apoptosis, and MDA content significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Interestingly, overexpression of MT in primary duckling hepatocytes markedly (p < 0.05) reversed the detrimental impact of AFB1 and increased the expression of MT downstream genes. HepG2 cells were applied to study the mechanism how MT works to relieve the hepatic toxicity of AFB1. The ZnO-NPs (20 μg/mL) + AFB1 (20 μg/mL) group significantly (p < 0.05) increased the cell viability, the expression of NRF2, NQO1 and SOD, and expression of MT and MTF-1, as well as significantly (p < 0.05) decreased LDH, ROS and apoptotic rate, comparing with the AFB1 group. While joint treatment with AFB1 and ZnO-NPs, the hepatic toxicity exerted by AFB1 alone was reversed, along with the translocation of MTF-1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulated its expression. Duckling trails were further carried out. A total number of 96 1-day-old healthy Cherry Valley commercial ducklings were randomly allocated according to a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with the main factors including oral administration of AFB1 (0 vs. 40 μg/kg) and dietary supplementation of ZnO-NPs (0 vs. 60 mg/kg) for 7 days. It showed that AFB1 exposure caused body weight loss (p < 0.05), impaired liver structure and failure in hepatic function (activity of ALT, AST and concentration of TP and GLU) (p < 0.05), and decreases in antioxidant capacity(activity of SOD, CAT and concentration of GSH) (p < 0.05), along with the decrease in hepatic concentration of Zn, increase in expression of apoptosis-related genes and protein CAS3 and mRNA Bcl-2 expression (p < 0.05), and suppressed mRNA levels of antioxidant-related genes MT, SOD1, NRF2, and NQO1 (p < 0.05). In accordance with the cell test, dietary supplementation with ZnO-NPs mitigated the toxicity exerted by AFB1. In conclusion, ZnO-NPs has the protective effects against AFB1-induced hepatocyte injury by activating the expression of MTF-1 and the ectopic induction of MT expression, providing detailed information on the detoxification ability of MT on AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyu Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangteng Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Longqiang Xie
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gaoming Tan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Niya Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Punmiya A, Prabhu A. Structural fingerprinting of pleiotropic flavonoids for multifaceted Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2023; 163:105486. [PMID: 36641110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has emerged as one of the most challenging neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia, loss of cognitive functioning and memory impairment. Despite enormous efforts to identify disease modifying technologies, the repertoire of currently approved drugs consists of a few symptomatic candidates that are not capable of halting disease progression. Moreover, these single mechanism drugs target only a small part of the pathological cascade and do not address most of the etiological basis of the disease. Development of therapies that are able to simultaneously tackle all the multiple interlinked causative factors such as amyloid protein aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, cholinergic deficit, oxidative stress, metal dyshomeostasis and neuro-inflammation has become the focus of intensive research in this domain. Flavonoids are natural phytochemicals that have demonstrated immense potential as medicinal agents due to their multiple beneficial therapeutic effects. The polypharmacological profile of flavonoids aligns well with the multifactorial pathological landscape of Alzheimer's disease, making them promising candidates to overcome the challenges of this neurodegenerative disorder. This review presents a detailed overview of the pleiotropic biology of flavonoids favourable for Alzheimer therapeutics and the structural basis for these effects. Structure activity trends for several flavonoid classes such as flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols and anthocyanins are comprehensively analyzed in detail and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Punmiya
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Arati Prabhu
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
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12
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Bellavite P. Neuroprotective Potentials of Flavonoids: Experimental Studies and Mechanisms of Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020280. [PMID: 36829840 PMCID: PMC9951959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those related to aging, are on the rise, but drug therapies are rarely curative. Functional disorders and the organic degeneration of nervous tissue often have complex causes, in which phenomena of oxidative stress, inflammation and cytotoxicity are intertwined. For these reasons, the search for natural substances that can slow down or counteract these pathologies has increased rapidly over the last two decades. In this paper, studies on the neuroprotective effects of flavonoids (especially the two most widely used, hesperidin and quercetin) on animal models of depression, neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease are reviewed. The literature on these topics amounts to a few hundred publications on in vitro and in vivo models (notably in rodents) and provides us with a very detailed picture of the action mechanisms and targets of these substances. These include the decrease in enzymes that produce reactive oxygen and ferroptosis, the inhibition of mono-amine oxidases, the stimulation of the Nrf2/ARE system, the induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and, in the case of AD, the prevention of amyloid-beta aggregation. The inhibition of neuroinflammatory processes has been documented as a decrease in cytokine formation (mainly TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) by microglia and astrocytes, by modulating a number of regulatory proteins such as Nf-kB and NLRP3/inflammasome. Although clinical trials on humans are still scarce, preclinical studies allow us to consider hesperidin, quercetin, and other flavonoids as very interesting and safe dietary molecules to be further investigated as complementary treatments in order to prevent neurodegenerative diseases or to moderate their deleterious effects.
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Hepatoprotective Potential of Malaysian Medicinal Plants: A Review on Phytochemicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051533. [PMID: 35268634 PMCID: PMC8911738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is a major global public health concern. Despite advances in modern medicine, the demerits of chemically prepared drugs outweigh their merits. In addition, the treatment of liver diseases based on modern medical principles has been found to produce several undesired side effects. Therefore, the exploration of medicinal plants has gained worldwide attention for treating various diseases, including liver diseases, owing to their potential efficacy and cost effectiveness. Several plants, including Andrographis paniculata, Bauhinia purpurea, Commelina nudiflora, Dillenia suffruticosa, Elaeis guineensis, Lygodium microphyllum, and Nephrolepis biserrata, have been reported with hepatoprotection. Moreover, these plants have been shown to play a vital role in ameliorating cellular damage because they contain several phytochemicals, including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, polyphenols, and diterpenoid lactones. The following antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective compounds have been found in these plants: andrographolide, rosmarinic acid, phenol, eugenol, 9,12-octadecadienoic, n-hexadecanoic acid, dihydroxy dimethoxy flavone, sitosterol, demethoxycurcumin, quercetin, linoleic acid, stigmasterol, kojic acid, indole-2-one, α-terpinol, linalool, kaempferol, catechin, ellagic acid, and oleanolic acid. This paper aimed to provide an in-depth review of in vivo studies on Malaysian medicinal plants possessing hepatoprotective properties, phytochemical ingredients, and antioxidant mechanisms, with an emphasis on the species proven particularly useful for treating hepatic disorders.
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Slika H, Mansour H, Wehbe N, Nasser SA, Iratni R, Nasrallah G, Shaito A, Ghaddar T, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in cancer: ROS-mediated mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112442. [PMID: 35062053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play contradicting roles in cancer incidence and progression. Antioxidants have attracted attention as emerging therapeutic agents. Among these are flavonoids, which are natural polyphenols with established anticancer and antioxidant capacities. Increasing evidence shows that flavonoids can inhibit carcinogenesis via suppressing ROS levels. Surprisingly, flavonoids can also trigger excessive oxidative stress, but this can also induce death of malignant cells. In this review, we explore the inherent characteristics that contribute to the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids, and we dissect the scenarios in which they play the contrasting role as pro-oxidants. Furthermore, we elaborate on the pathways that link flavonoid-mediated modulation of ROS to the prevention and treatment of cancer. Special attention is given to the ROS-mediated anticancer functions that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), hesperetin, naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin evoke in various cancers. We also delve into the structure-function relations that make flavonoids potent antioxidants. This review provides a detailed perspective that can be utilized in future experiments or trials that aim at utilizing flavonoids or verifying their efficacy for developing new pharmacologic agents. We support the argument that flavonoids are attractive candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hadi Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nadine Wehbe
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Suzanne A Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gheyath Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tarek Ghaddar
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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15
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Quercetin decreases sterile inflammation proteins NLRP3 and caspase 1 in clone-9 cell line damaged by hydrogen peroxide. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-01031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Juices, wine, coffee, and cocoa are rich sources of natural polyphenolic compounds that have potent antioxidant activities proven by in vitro and in vivo studies. These polyphenolic compounds quench reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) or reactive free radicals and act as natural antioxidants which are also able to protect against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage, which elevates cellular antioxidant capacity to induce antioxidant defense mechanisms by modulating transcription factors. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor encoded in humans. It is activated as a result of oxidative stress and induces the expression of its target genes. This is one of the most important cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. However, the oxidative stress alone is not enough to activate Nrf2. Hence phytochemicals, especially polyphenolics, act as natural Nrf2 activators. Herein, this review discusses the natural products identified in juices, coffee, cocoa and wines that modulate Nrf2 activity in cellular systems.
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Tomar D, Singh PK, Hoque S, Modani S, Sriram A, Kumar R, Madan J, Khatri D, Dua K. Amorphous systems for delivery of nutraceuticals: challenges opportunities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1204-1221. [PMID: 33103462 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1836607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid products have recently gained a lot of attention as key solutions to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble nutraceuticals. A pure amorphous drug is a high-energy form; physically/chemically unstable and so easily gets recrystallized into the less soluble crystalline form limiting solubility and bioavailability issues. Amorphous solid dispersion and co-amorphous are new formulation approach that stabilized unstable amorphous form through different mechanisms such as preventing mobility, high glass transition temperature and molecular interaction. Nutraceuticals have been received the utmost importance due to their health benefits. However, most of these compounds have been associated with poor oral bioavailability due to poor solubility, high lipophilicity, high melting point, poor permeability, degradability and rapid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) which limits its health benefits. This review provides us a systematic application of amorphous systems to the delivery of poorly soluble nutraceuticals, with the aim of overcoming their pharmacokinetic limitations and improved pharmacological potential. In particular, it describes the challenges associated with delivery of oral nutraceuticals, various methods involved in the preparation and characterization of amorphous systems and permeability enhancement of nutraceuticals are in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendrasingh Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sajidul Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sheela Modani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Anitha Sriram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health (GSH), The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100973. [PMID: 33050575 PMCID: PMC7600646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway is an important cell signaling mechanism in maintaining redox homeostasis in humans. The role of dietary flavonoids in activating Nrf2/ARE in relation to cancer chemoprevention or cancer promotion is not well established. Here we summarize the dual effects of flavonoids in cancer chemoprevention and cancer promotion with respect to the regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway, while underlying the possible cellular mechanisms. Luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, myricetin, rutin, naringenin, epicatechin, and genistein activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway in both normal and cancer cells. The hormetic effect of flavonoids has been observed due to their antioxidant or prooxidant activity, depending on the concentrations. Reported in vitro and in vivo investigations suggest that the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by either endogenous or exogenous stimuli under normal physiological conditions contributes to redox homeostasis, which may provide a mechanism for cancer chemoprevention. However, some flavonoids, such as luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin, naringenin, epicatechin, genistein, and daidzein, at low concentrations (1.5 to 20 µM) facilitate cancer cell growth and proliferation in vitro. Paradoxically, some flavonoids, including luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin, inhibit the Nrf2/ARE pathway in vitro. Therefore, even though flavonoids play a major role in cancer chemoprevention, due to their possible inducement of cancer cell growth, the effects of dietary flavonoids on cancer pathophysiology in patients or appropriate experimental animal models should be investigated systematically.
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An Overview of the Mechanism of Penthorum chinense Pursh on Alcoholic Fatty Liver. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4875764. [PMID: 33014105 PMCID: PMC7519454 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4875764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) caused by excessive alcohol consumption is a progressive disease, and alcohol fatty liver disease is the primary stage. Currently, there is no approved drug for its treatment. Abstinence is the best way to heal, but patients' compliance is poor. Unlike other chronic diseases, alcohol fatty liver disease is not caused by nutritional deficiencies; it is caused by the molecular action of ingested alcohol and its metabolites. More and more studies have shown the potential of Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP) in the clinical use of alcohol fatty liver treatment. The purpose of this paper is to reveal from the essence of PCP treatment of alcohol liver mechanism mainly by the ethanol dehydrogenase (ADH) and microsomal ethanol oxidation system-dependent cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) to exert antilipogenesis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and autophagy effects, with special emphasis on its mechanisms related to SIRT1/AMPK, KEAP-1/Nrf2, and TLR4/NF-κB. Overall, data from the literature shows that PCP appears to be a promising hepatoprotective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Moradkhani S, Rezaei-Dehghanzadeh T, Nili-Ahmadabadi A. Rosa persica hydroalcoholic extract improves cadmium-hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative damage and tumor necrosis factor-alpha status. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31259-31268. [PMID: 32488713 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rosa persica is a member of the Rosaceae family that has a wide range of pharmacological properties. In this study, the antioxidant and therapeutic potential of this plant was investigated on cadmium (Cd)-induced hepatotoxicity. Rosa persica extract (RPE) was prepared by a maceration method in hydroalcoholic solvent, and its antioxidant properties were determined. Then, 36 mice were divided to six groups and treated for 2 weeks as follows: control, Cd (3 mg/kg), RPE (50 mg/kg), and groups 4-6 received Cd (3 mg/kg) and 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg of RPE respectively. The total polyphenol, flavonoids contents, and total antioxidant capacity in RPE were measured 263.4 ± 7.2 mg rutin equivalent/g extract, 72.3 ± 2.3 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract, and 8.46 ± 0.27 μmol ferrous sulfate/g extract, respectively. The in vivo results showed that Cd elicited remarkable hepatic injury that was manifested by the significant increase in serum hepatic enzymes. In addition, Cd significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and decreased total thiol molecules (TTM) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in hepatic tissue. However, RPE decreased serum hepatic enzyme levels and improved oxidative hepatic damage by lowering the LPO and TNF-α levels and raising TAC and TTM in in Cd-treated groups. Although the RPE increased the metallothionein (MT) protein content, there was no change in MT gene expression. The present study showed that the RPE due to having antioxidant properties might partially prevent hepatic oxidative damage by the improvement of oxidant/antioxidant balance in animals exposed to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Moradkhani
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rezaei-Dehghanzadeh
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 8678-3-65178, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 8678-3-65178, Hamadan, Iran.
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Pretsch D, Rollinger JM, Schmid A, Genov M, Wöhrer T, Krenn L, Moloney M, Kasture A, Hummel T, Pretsch A. Prolongation of metallothionein induction combats Aß and α-synuclein toxicity in aged transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11707. [PMID: 32678125 PMCID: PMC7366685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) like Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's or Prion diseases share similar pathological features. They are all age dependent and are often associated with disruptions in analogous metabolic processes such as protein aggregation and oxidative stress, both of which involve metal ions like copper, manganese and iron. Bush and Tanzi proposed 2008 in the 'metal hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease' that a breakdown in metal homeostasis is the main cause of NDs, and drugs restoring metal homeostasis are promising novel therapeutic strategies. We report here that metallothionein (MT), an endogenous metal detoxifying protein, is increased in young amyloid ß (Aß) expressing Caenorhabditis elegans, whereas it is not in wild type strains. Further MT induction collapsed in 8 days old transgenic worms, indicating the age dependency of disease outbreak, and sharing intriguing parallels to diminished MT levels in human brains of AD. A medium throughput screening assay method was established to search for compounds increasing the MT level. Compounds known to induce MT release like progesterone, ZnSO4, quercetin, dexamethasone and apomorphine were active in models of AD and PD. Thioflavin T, clioquinol and emodin are promising leads in AD and PD research, whose mode of action has not been fully established yet. In this study, we could show that the reduction of Aß and α-synuclein toxicity in transgenic C. elegans models correlated with the prolongation of MT induction time and that knockdown of MT with RNA interference resulted in a loss of bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Pretsch
- Oxford Antibiotic Group GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Judith Maria Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Schmid
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Genov
- Oxford Antibiotic Group GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Teresa Wöhrer
- Oxford Antibiotic Group GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Moloney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ameya Kasture
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Pretsch
- Oxford Antibiotic Group GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
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Antidote activity and protective effects of Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz extract against organophosphate pesticide in omethoate-treated rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 11:189-196. [PMID: 34012865 PMCID: PMC8116719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Chen Y, Liu H, Huang H, Ma Y, Wang R, Hu Y, Zheng X, Chen C, Tang H. Squid Ink Polysaccharides Protect Human Fibroblast Against Oxidative Stress by Regulating NADPH Oxidase and Connexin43. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1574. [PMID: 32009967 PMCID: PMC6978904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation injury to skin is one of the main reasons for skin aging. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effect of squid ink polysaccharides and its mechanism of action against H2O2-induced dermal fibroblast damage. Our results show that squid ink polysaccharides effectively reduce the fibroblast oxidative damage mediated by the up-regulation of NADPH oxidase and Connexin43. Concurrently, squid ink polysaccharides decrease the ROS induced up-regulation of MMP1 and MMP9 to decrease MMP-mediated skin aging. Therefore, we hypothesize that squid ink polysaccharides play an antioxidant role by inhibiting the expression of NADPH oxidase and connexin43. This provides a new target for the effective clinical prevention and treatment of oxidative skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Huazhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Yuetang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Hongfeng Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
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Pingili RB, Challa SR, Pawar AK, Toleti V, Kodali T, Koppula S. A systematic review on hepatoprotective activity of quercetin against various drugs and toxic agents: Evidence from preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2019; 34:5-32. [PMID: 31617262 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the most abundant flavonoids in human diet that has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective activity of quercetin were discussed in this review. Quercetin exhibited hepatoprotective activity against 2-butoxyethanol, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, aflatoxin B1, aroclor-1254, arsenic, sodium arsenite, azathioprine, cadmium chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorpyrifos, cyclosporine A, diazinon, dimethylnitrosamine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, ethanol, fenvalerate, isoniazide, rifampicin, lead acetate, lindane, D-galactosamine, methotrexate, methylmercury, nickel sulfate, paracetamol, perfluorooctanoic acid, polychlorinated biphenyls, pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine, rotenone, sodium fluoride, streptazotocin, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, thioacetamide, titanium dioxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, tripterygium glycoside, triptolide, ultraviolet A light, concavalin A, bisphenol, and ischemia-induced hepatotoxicity in various animal models due to its antioxidant, free radical-scavenging,anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) inhibitory activities. In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms by which quercetin reduced the hepatotoxicity of different hepatotoxicants. This will help the toxicologists, pharmacologists, and chemists to develop new safer pharmaceutical products with quercetin and other hepatotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Babu Pingili
- Research and Development, Department of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India.,Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - A Krishnamanjari Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Vyshnavi Toleti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Tanvija Kodali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Sirisha Koppula
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
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Akang EN, Dosumu OO, Afolayan OO, Fagoroye AM, Osiagwu DD, Usman IT, Oremosu AA, Akanmu AS. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-induced hippocampal disorders: Highlights on therapeutic potential of Naringenin and Quercetin. IBRO Rep 2019; 6:137-146. [PMID: 31061913 PMCID: PMC6488719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin and Quercetin decrease ROS and potentiate enzymatic antioxidant production in the hippocampus. cART induced marked cytoplasmic shrinkage and several pyknotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus and cornus ammonis region. Naringenin and Quercetin attenuates cART-induced upregulation of monoamine oxidase-B expression in neurons. Naringenin and Quercetin also ameliorates cART-induced spatial memory impairments. Naringenin and Quercetin acted as effective antioxidants in vivo against cART-induced neurotoxicity.
Introduction In spite of the multiple benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on HIV positive patients, prolonged usage has been reported to exacerbate oxidative stress, and induce neurological and cognitive dysfunction, thus, the need to search for an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate the oxidative and improve treatment adherence with better virological outcome. This study aimed at determining the potential therapeutic effects of Quercetin and Naringenin on cART-induced cyto-architectural, neuro-behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampus of the adult Wister rats. Materials and Methods The animals were grouped as follows: Control, DMSO, 24 mg/kg cART (Tenovovir 300 mg, Lamivudine 300 mg and Efavirenz 600 mg), 50 mg/kg Naringenin, 50 mg/kg Quercetin, cART + Naringenin, cART + Quercetin were administered orally for 8 weeks. At the end of administration, neurobehavioural test was conducted, animals were euthanized and hippocampus was processed for oxidative stress markers, histology, TNF-α, and Monoamine oxidase-B expression. Results At the end of 8 weeks of administration, 24 mg/kg cART decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased Malondialdehyde (MDA). Whereas, 50 mg/kg quercetin, and 50 mg/kg Naringenin decreased the oxidative stress (increased SOD, CAT, GSH, and reduced MDA) induced by cART (reduced SOD, CAT, GSH, and increased MDA). In addition, hematoxylin and eosin stained hippocampus showed that quercetin and naringenin prevented neurodegenerative changes (marked cytoplasmic shrinkage and several pyknotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus and cornus ammonis regions) in cART-treated rats. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies revealed that quercetin and naringenin attenuates cART-induced upregulation of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) expression. Likewise, from the Morris water maze neurobehavioral studies, naringenin and quercetin also ameliorated cART-induced memory impairments (initial spatial memory, reversal spatial memory and probe tests). Conclusion This study shows that Naringenin and Quercetin have a good potential in reversing cART-induced hippocampal disorders in Wistar rats.
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Key Words
- CA/Q, 24 mg/kg combination antiretroviral therapy + 50 mg Quercetin
- CAT, catalase
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HCL, hydrochloric acidE
- Hippocampus
- MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Nar, naringenin
- Naringenin
- Neurodegeneration
- Oxidative stress
- Quer, quercetin
- Quercetin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- cA/N, 24 mg/kg combination antiretroviral therapy + 50 mg Naringenin
- cART
- cART, combination antiretroviral therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong N. Akang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Olufunke O. Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olasunmbo O. Afolayan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adeola M. Fagoroye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Daniel D. Osiagwu
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Isilamiyat T. Usman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A. Oremosu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alani S. Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Molecular mechanisms underlying protective role of quercetin in attenuating Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2019; 224:109-119. [PMID: 30914316 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin belongs to the flavonoids family, which is present in most of the plants including fruits, vegetables, green tea and even in red wine having antioxidant activities. It is available as a food supplement in the market and has physiological health effects. Quercetin has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-prostate activities along with its beneficial effects on high cholesterol, kidney transplantation, asthma, diabetes, viral infections, pulmonary, schizophrenia and cardiovascular diseases. Quercetin possesses scavenging potential of hydroxyl radical (OH-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2-). These reactive oxygen species (ROS) hampers lipid, protein, amino acids and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) processing leading to epigenetic alterations. Quercetin has the ability to combat these harmful effects. ROS plays a vital role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and we propose that quercetin would be the best choice to overcome cellular and molecular signals in regulating normal physiological functions. However, data are not well documented regarding exact cellular mechanisms of quercetin. The neuroprotective effects of quercetin are mainly due to potential up- and/or down-regulation of cytokines via nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Paraoxonase-2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Protein kinase C, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascades, and PI3K/Akt pathways. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to elaborate on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the quercetin involved in the protection against AD.
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Quercetin attenuates toosendanin-induced hepatotoxicity through inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:75-85. [PMID: 29921882 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is the main active compound in Toosendan Fructus and Meliae Cortex, two commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. TSN has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity, but its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the critical role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in protecting against TSN-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and human normal liver L-02 cells. In mice, administration of TSN (10 mg/kg)-induced acute liver injury evidenced by increased serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and total bilirubin (TBiL) content as well as the histological changes. Furthermore, TSN markedly increased liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased liver glutathione (GSH) content and Nrf2 expression. In L-02 cells, TSN (2 μM) time-dependently reduced glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity and cellular expression of the catalytic/modify subunit of GCL (GCLC/GCLM). Moreover, TSN reduced cellular GSH content and the increased ROS formation, and time-dependently decreased Nrf2 expression and increased the expression of the Nrf2 inhibitor protein kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1). Pre-administration of quercetin (40, 80 mg/kg) effectively inhibited TSN-induced liver oxidative injury and reversed the decreased expression of Nrf2 and GCLC/GCLM in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the quercetin-provided protection against TSN-induced hepatotoxicity was diminished in Nrf2 knock-out mice. In conclusion, TSN decreases cellular GSH content by reducing Nrf2-mediated GCLC/GCLM expression via decreasing Nrf2 expression. Quercetin attenuates TSN-induced hepatotoxicity by inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. This study implies that inducing Nrf2 activation may be an effective strategy to prevent TSN-induced hepatotoxicity.
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28
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Sharanova NE, Vasil'ev AV. Postgenomic Properties of Natural Micronutrients. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:107-117. [PMID: 30450516 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern medical approaches to the therapy of various diseases, including cancer, are based on the use of toxic drugs. The unfavorable side effects of traditional medicine could be counterbalanced by addition of natural bioactive substances to conventional therapy due to their mild action on cells combined with the multitargeted effects. To elucidate the real mechanisms of their biological activity, versatile approaches including a number of "omics" such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are used. This review highlights inclusion of bioactive natural compounds into the therapy of chronic diseases from the viewpoint of modern omics-based nutritional biochemistry. The recently accumulated data argue for necessity to employ nutrigenetic and nutrimetabolomic analyses to prevent or diminish the risk of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Sharanova
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A V Vasil'ev
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
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29
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Huang H, Lv W, Chen Y, Zheng X, Hu Y, Wang R, Huang M, Tang H. The Role of NADPH Oxidase in the Inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by 420-nm Intense Pulsed Light. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2636. [PMID: 29375505 PMCID: PMC5767184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on Trichophyton rubrum and investigate its mechanism of action. Methods: The viability of fungi treated with IPL alone and with IPL combined with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) pretreatment was determined by MTT assays. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified with a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined by commercial kits. The transcription of the Nox gene was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, and micromorphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, fungal keratinase activity was detected by measuring dye release from keratin azure. Results: The growth declined with statistical significance after 6 h of treatment (P < 0.001). The ROS and MDA content increased after IPL treatment, whereas the SOD and GSH-Px activity decreased. Nox gene expression was upregulated, and the micromorphology was damaged. Keratinase activity decreased. Fungi that received DPI pretreatment exhibited contrasting outcomes. Conclusion: We found that 420-nm IPL significantly inhibited the growth and pathogenicity of T. rubrum in vitro. A suggested mechanism involves Nox as a factor that mediates 420-nm IPL-induced oxidative damage of T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Weibiao Lv
- Clinical Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital of Nanchong, The Second Clinical School of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiufeng Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Hongfeng Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
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Zhou S, Yin X, Jin J, Tan Y, Conklin DJ, Xin Y, Zhang Z, Sun W, Cui T, Cai J, Zheng Y, Cai L. Intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyopathy and its prevention by Nrf2 and metallothionein. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:224-239. [PMID: 28778483 PMCID: PMC7453314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced cardiomyopathy remains obscure. We reported the prevention of acute and chronic IH-induced cardiac damage by selective cardiac overexpression of metallothionein (MT). Herein we defined that MT-mediated protection from IH-cardiomyopathy is via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a critical redox-balance controller in the body. For this, mice were exposed to IH for 3 days (acute) or 4 or 8 weeks (chronic). Cardiac Nrf2 and MT expression in response to IH were significantly increased acutely yet decreased chronically. Interestingly, cardiac overexpression (Nrf2-TG) or global deletion of the Nrf2 gene (Nrf2-KO) made mice highly resistant or highly susceptible, respectively, to IH-induced cardiomyopathy and MT expression. Mechanistically, 4-week IH exposure significantly decreased cardiac Nrf2 binding to the MT gene promoter, and thus, depressed both MT transcription and translation in WT mice but not Nrf2-TG mice. Likewise, cardiac MT overexpression prevented chronic IH-induced cardiomyopathy and down-regulation of Nrf2 likely via activation of a PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-dependent signaling pathway. These results reveal an integrated relationship between cardiac Nrf2 and MT expression in response to IH -- acute compensatory up-regulation followed by chronic down-regulation and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac overexpression of either Nrf2 or MT offered cardioprotection from IH via complicated PI3K/Akt/GSK3B/Fyn signaling. Potential therapeutics may target either Nrf2 or MT to prevent chronic IH-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Xia Yin
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingpeng Jin
- Endoscopy Center China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complication, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Weixia Sun
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complication, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Chen L, Teng H, Jia Z, Battino M, Miron A, Yu Z, Cao H, Xiao J. Intracellular signaling pathways of inflammation modulated by dietary flavonoids: The most recent evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2908-2924. [PMID: 28682647 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1345853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Center for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander, Spain and Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Universitr Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea
| | - Anca Miron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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Jung E, Kim JH, Kim MO, Lee SY, Lee J. Melanocyte-protective effect of afzelin is mediated by the Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway via GSK-3β inactivation. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:764-770. [PMID: 27992083 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired condition characterized by depigmented, cutaneous lesions that result from the death of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes. The occurrence of oxidative stress has been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism for melanocyte degeneration in vitiligo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against oxidative stress and its mechanism of action in human epidermal melanocytes. We found that afzelin significantly inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death, cellular reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation in melanocytes. In an antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter assay, afzelin increased ARE-luciferase reporter activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, the expression of antioxidant genes, including NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and catalase, was enhanced by afzelin treatment. Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 also increased in response to afzelin treatment. In addition, the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) was induced by afzelin treatment. The enhancement of HO-1 gene expression by afzelin treatment was reduced by Nrf2-siRNA expression. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Nrf2-siRNA significantly attenuated the cytoprotective effect of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide. These data suggest that the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide may be mediated by Nrf2-ARE signalling via GSK-3β inactivation. Our data suggest the novel use of afzelin for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced damage in melanocytes and its potential as a therapeutic agent for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- College of Herbal Bio-Industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan City, Gyeongsangbuk Do, Korea
| | - Mi Ok Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
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Lian Y, Zhao J, Wang YM, Zhao J, Peng SQ. Metallothionein protects against isoniazid-induced liver injury through the inhibition of CYP2E1-dependent oxidative and nitrosative impairment in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 102:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gu J, Cheng Y, Wu H, Kong L, Wang S, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Tan Y, Keller BB, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu Z, Cai L. Metallothionein Is Downstream of Nrf2 and Partially Mediates Sulforaphane Prevention of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2017; 66:529-542. [PMID: 27903744 PMCID: PMC5248986 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that sulforaphane (SFN) prevented diabetic cardiomyopathy in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) animal models via the upregulation of nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and metallothionein (MT). In this study, we tested whether SFN protects the heart from T2DM directly through Nrf2, MT, or both. Using Nrf2-knockout (KO), MT-KO, and wild-type (WT) mice, T2DM was induced by feeding a high-fat diet for 3 months followed by a small dose of streptozotocin. Age-matched controls were given a normal diet. Both T2DM and control mice were then treated with or without SFN for 4 months by continually feeding a high-fat or normal diet. SFN prevented diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction as well as diabetes-associated cardiac oxidative damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy, with increases in Nrf2 and MT expressions in the WT mice. Both Nrf2-KO and MT-KO diabetic mice exhibited greater cardiac damage than WT diabetic mice. SFN did not provide cardiac protection in Nrf2-KO mice, but partially or completely protected the heart from diabetes in MT-KO mice. SFN did not induce MT expression in Nrf2-KO mice, but stimulated Nrf2 function in MT-KO mice. These results suggest that Nrf2 plays the indispensable role for SFN cardiac protection from T2DM with significant induction of MT and other antioxidants. MT expression induced by SFN is Nrf2 dependent, but is not indispensable for SFN-induced cardiac protection from T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlian Gu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Yanli Cheng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lili Kong
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Shudong Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Zheng Xu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Honglan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Cai
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Rutin as a Mediator of Lipid Metabolism and Cellular Signaling Pathways Interactions in Fibroblasts Altered by UVA and UVB Radiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4721352. [PMID: 28168010 PMCID: PMC5266866 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4721352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. Rutin is a natural nutraceutical that is a promising compound for the prevention of UV-induced metabolic changes in skin cells. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of rutin on redox and endocannabinoid systems, as well as proinflammatory and proapoptotic processes, in UV-irradiated fibroblasts. Methods. Fibroblasts exposed to UVA and UVB radiation were treated with rutin. The activities and levels of oxidants/antioxidants and endocannabinoid system components, as well as lipid, DNA, and protein oxidation products, and the proinflammatory and pro/antiapoptotic proteins expression were measured. Results. Rutin reduced UV-induced proinflammatory response and ROS generation and enhanced the activity/levels of antioxidants (SOD, GSH-Px, vitamin E, GSH, and Trx). Rutin also normalized UV-induced Nrf2 expression. Its biological activity prevented changes in the levels of the lipid mediators: MDA, 4-HNE, and endocannabinoids, as well as the endocannabinoid receptors CB1/2, VR1, and GPR55 expression. Furthermore, rutin prevented the protein modifications (tyrosine derivatives formation in particular) and decreased the levels of the proapoptotic markers—caspase-3 and cytochrome c. Conclusion. Rutin prevents UV-induced inflammation and redox imbalance at protein and transcriptional level which favors lipid, protein, and DNA protection. In consequence rutin regulates endocannabinoid system and apoptotic balance.
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Ullio C, Brunk UT, Urani C, Melchioretto P, Bonelli G, Baccino FM, Autelli R. Autophagy of metallothioneins prevents TNF-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in hepatoma cells. Autophagy 2016; 11:2184-98. [PMID: 26566051 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) induced by oxidative stress has recently emerged as a prominent mechanism behind TNF cytotoxicity. This pathway relies on diffusion of hydrogen peroxide into lysosomes containing redox-active iron, accumulated by breakdown of iron-containing proteins and subcellular organelles. Upon oxidative lysosomal damage, LMP allows relocation to the cytoplasm of low mass iron and acidic hydrolases that contribute to DNA and mitochondrial damage, resulting in death by apoptosis or necrosis. Here we investigate the role of lysosomes and free iron in death of HTC cells, a rat hepatoma line, exposed to TNF following metallothionein (MT) upregulation. Iron-binding MT does not normally occur in HTC cells in significant amounts. Intracellular iron chelation attenuates TNF and cycloheximide (CHX)-induced LMP and cell death, demonstrating the critical role of this transition metal in mediating cytokine lethality. MT upregulation, combined with starvation-activated MT autophagy almost completely suppresses TNF and CHX toxicity, while impairment of both autophagy and MT upregulation by silencing of Atg7, and Mt1a and/or Mt2a, respectively, abrogates protection. Interestingly, MT upregulation by itself has little effect, while stimulated autophagy alone depresses cytokine toxicity to some degree. These results provide evidence that intralysosomal iron-catalyzed redox reactions play a key role in TNF and CHX-induced LMP and toxicity. The finding that chelation of intralysosomal iron achieved by autophagic delivery of MT, and to some degree probably of other iron-binding proteins as well, into the lysosomal compartment is highly protective provides a putative mechanism to explain autophagy-related suppression of death by TNF and CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ullio
- a Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences ; University of Turin ; Turin , Italy
| | - Ulf T Brunk
- b Division of Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; Linköping University ; Linköping , Sweden
| | - Chiara Urani
- c Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences ; University of Milan-Bicocca ; Milan , Italy
| | - Pasquale Melchioretto
- c Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences ; University of Milan-Bicocca ; Milan , Italy
| | - Gabriella Bonelli
- a Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences ; University of Turin ; Turin , Italy
| | - Francesco M Baccino
- a Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences ; University of Turin ; Turin , Italy
| | - Riccardo Autelli
- a Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences ; University of Turin ; Turin , Italy
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Quercetin on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation after Intense Exercise in Mice through Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Nuclear Factor-Kappa B. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8696587. [PMID: 27504150 PMCID: PMC4967689 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8696587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying intense exercise-induced liver damage and its potential treatments remain unclear. We explored the hepatoprotection and mechanisms of quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, in strenuous exercise-derived endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammation. Intense exercise (28 m/min at a 5° slope for 90 min) resulted in the leakage of aminotransferases in the BALB/C mice. The hepatic ultrastructural malformations and oxidative stress levels were attenuated by quercetin (100 mg/kg·bw). Intense exercise and thapsigargin- (Tg-) induced ERS (glucose-regulated protein 78, GRP78) and inflammatory cytokines levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) were decreased with quercetin. Furthermore, quercetin resulted in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) induction, Ca2+ restoration, and blockade of the activities of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and especially NF-κB (p65 and p50 nuclear translocation). A PI3K inhibitor abrogated the protection of quercetin on ERS and inflammation of mouse hepatocytes. SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), AEBSF (ATF6 inhibitor), and especially PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor) enhanced the quercetin-induced protection against Tg stimulation. Collectively, intense exercise-induced ERS and inflammation were attenuated by quercetin. PI3K/Akt activation and JNK, ATF6, and especially NF-κB suppression were involved in the protection. Our results highlight a novel preventive strategy for treating ERS and inflammation-mediated liver damage induced by intense exercise using natural phytochemicals.
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Wang L, Ci X, Lv H, Wang X, Qin FX, Cheng G. Isotetrandrine ameliorates tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress through upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1568-76. [PMID: 27190261 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine, a naturally occurring plant alkaloid found in Mahonia of Berberidaceae, possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties, but the antioxidative activity and mechanism action remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the antioxidative effect and mechanism of 1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. We found that 1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine suppressed cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and glutathione depletion. Additionally, our study confirmed that 1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 expression and nuclear translocation of factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Specifically, the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by 1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine was associated with Nrf2 negative regulatory protein Keap1 inactivation and phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Preincubation with thiol-reducing agents reduced 1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression, and treatment with either extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase or c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitors attenuated the levels of 1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine-induced Nrf2 activation and heme oxygenase-1 expression. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effect of 1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine was abolished by heme oxygenase-1, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitors. These results indicated that the 1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine ameliorated tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage through upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression by the dissociation of Nrf2 from Nrf2-Keap1 complex via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and Keap1 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Xinxin Ci
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Hongming Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - F Xiaofeng Qin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Li J, Zhang Y, Luan H, Chen X, Han Y, Wang C. l-carnitine protects human hepatocytes from oxidative stress-induced toxicity through Akt-mediated activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:517-25. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, l-carnitine was shown to have cytoprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in human normal HL7702 hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the protective effect of l-carnitine was associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Our results showed that pretreatment with l-carnitine augmented Nrf2 nuclear translocation, DNA binding activity and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in H2O2-treated HL7702 cells, although l-carnitine treatment alone had no effect on them. Analysis using Nrf2 siRNA demonstrated that Nrf2 activation was involved in l-carnitine-induced HO-1 expression. In addition, l-carnitine-mediated protection against H2O2 toxicity was abrogated by Nrf2 siRNA, indicating the important role of Nrf2 in l-carnitine-induced cytoprotection. Further experiments revealed that l-carnitine pretreatment enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt in H2O2-treated cells. Blocking Akt pathway with inhibitor partly abrogated the protective effect of l-carnitine. Moreover, our finding demonstrated that the induction of Nrf2 translocation and HO-1 expression by l-carnitine directly correlated with the Akt pathway because Akt inhibitor showed inhibitory effects on the Nrf2 translocation and HO-1 expression. Altogether, these results demonstrate that l-carnitine protects HL7702 cells against H2O2-induced cell damage through Akt-mediated activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Li
- Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Haiyun Luan
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yantao Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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Hannon DB, Thompson JT, Khoo C, Juturu V, Vanden Heuvel JP. Effects of cranberry extracts on gene expression in THP-1 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 5:148-159. [PMID: 28070326 PMCID: PMC5217924 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberry contains high levels of nutrients and bioactive molecules that have health‐promoting properties. The purpose of the present studies was to determine if cranberry extracts (CEs) contain phytochemicals that exert anti‐inflammatory effects. The human monocytic cell line THP‐1 was treated with two CEs (CE and 90MX) and subsequently challenged with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression was decreased in the CE‐treated cells, indicative of an anti‐inflammatory effect. Gene expression microarrays identified several immune‐related genes that were responsive to CEs including interferon‐induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 3 (IFIT 1 and 3), macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) and colony‐stimulating factor 2 (CSF2). In addition, in the CE‐treated cells, metallothionein 1F and other metal‐responsive genes were induced. Taken together, this data indicates that CEs contain bioactive components that have anti‐inflammatory effects and may protect cells from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Hannon
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Penn State University 325 Life Sciences Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jerry T Thompson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Penn State University 325 Life Sciences Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. One Ocean Spray Drive Lakeville-Middleboro Massachusetts 02349
| | - Vijaya Juturu
- UnitedBio-Med Inc. 102 Hunters Run Dobbs Ferry New York 10502
| | - John P Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Penn State University 325 Life Sciences Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802; INDIGO Biosciences Inc.1981 Pine Hall Road State College Pennsylvania 16801
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Nabavi SF, Barber AJ, Spagnuolo C, Russo GL, Daglia M, Nabavi SM, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Nrf2 as molecular target for polyphenols: A novel therapeutic strategy in diabetic retinopathy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 53:293-312. [PMID: 26926494 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1129530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes that is considered one of the leading causes of blindness among adults. More than 4.4 million people suffer from this disorder throughout the world. Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox sensitive transcription factor, plays an essential protective role in regulating the physiological response to oxidative and electrophilic stress via regulation of multiple genes encoding antioxidant proteins and phase II detoxifying enzymes. Many studies suggest that dozens of natural compounds, including polyphenols, can supress oxidative stress and inflammation through targeting Nrf2 and consequently activating the antioxidant response element-related cytoprotective genes. Therefore, Nrf2 may provide a new therapeutic target for treatment of diabetic retinopathy. In the present article, we will focus on the role of Nrf2 in diabetic retinopathy and the ability of polyphenols to target Nrf2 as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- a Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alistair J Barber
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- c Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- c Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- d Department of Drug Sciences , Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy , and
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- a Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- e Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago De Compostela , Santiago De Compostela , Spain
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Yang X, Wang J, Dai J, Shao J, Ma J, Chen C, Ma S, He Q, Luo P, Yang B. Autophagy protects against dasatinib-induced hepatotoxicity via p38 signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6203-17. [PMID: 25749037 PMCID: PMC4467432 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction is a common side effect associated with the treatment of dasatinib and its mechanism is poorly understood. Autophagy has been thought to be a potent survival or death factor for liver dysfunction, which may shed the light on a novel strategy for the intervention of hepatotoxicity caused by dasatinib. In this study, we show for the first time that autophagy is induced, which is consistent with the formation of liver damage. Autophagy inhibition exacerbated dasatinib-induced liver failure, suggesting that autophagy acted as a self-defense mechanism to promote survival. Oxidative stress has been shown to be an important stimulus for autophagy and hepatotoxicity. Interestingly, dasatinib increased the activity of p38, which is a critical modulator of the oxidative stress related to liver injury and autophagy. p38 silencing significantly blocked LC3-II induction and p62 reduction by dasatinib, which was accompanied by increased caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, indicating that autophagy alleviated dasatinib-induced hepatotoxicity via p38 signaling. Finally, the p38 agonist isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) alleviated dasatinib-induced liver failure by enhancing autophagy without affecting the anticancer activity of dasatinib. Thus, this study revealed that p38-activated autophagy promoted survival during liver injury, which may provide novel approaches for managing the clinical applications of dasatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Dai
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Shao
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Tai CJ, Choong CY, Shi YC, Lin YC, Wang CW, Lee BH, Tai CJ. Solanum nigrum Protects against Hepatic Fibrosis via Suppression of Hyperglycemia in High-Fat/Ethanol Diet-Induced Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:269. [PMID: 26927042 PMCID: PMC6274119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) signal through the receptor for AGE (RAGE), which can lead to hepatic fibrosis in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. We investigated the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from Solanum nigrum (AESN) on AGEs-induced RAGE signaling and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hyperglycemia induced by high-fat diet with ethanol. Methods: An animal model was used to evaluate the anti-hepatic fibrosis activity of AESN in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 30%) with ethanol (10%). Male Wistar rats (4 weeks of age) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): (1) control (basal diet); (2) HFD (30%) + ethanol (10%) (HFD/ethanol); (3) HFD/ethanol + AESN (100 mg/kg, oral administration); and (4) HFD/ethanol + pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, oral administration) and treated with HFD for 6 months in the presence or absence of 10% ethanol in dietary water. Results: We found that AESN improved insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and downregulated lipogenesis via regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), PPARγ co-activator (PGC-1α), carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA levels in the liver of HFD/ethanol-treated rats. In turn, AESN may delay and inhibit the progression of hepatic fibrosis, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) inhibition and MMP-2 production. Conclusions: These results suggest that AESN may be further explored as a novel anti-fibrotic strategy for the prevention of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jeng Tai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medicine University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yen Choong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yeu-Ching Shi
- Taiwan Indigena Botanica Co., Ltd., Taipei 11458, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Woei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medicine University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Jei Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Sampath C, Zhu Y, Sang S, Ahmedna M. Bioactive compounds isolated from apple, tea, and ginger protect against dicarbonyl induced stress in cultured human retinal epithelial cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:200-13. [PMID: 26926182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylglyoxal (MGO) is known to be a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are linked to diabetes and its related complications. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds could play an important role in countering AGEs thereby minimizing the risk associated with their formation. METHODS In this study, eight specific bioactive compounds isolated from apple, tea and ginger were evaluated for their AGEs scavenging activity using Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (H-RPE) cells treated with MGO. RESULTS Among the eight specific compounds evaluated, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) from tea, phloretin in apple, and [6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol from ginger were found to be most effective in preventing MGO-induced cytotoxicity in the epithelial cells. Investigation of possible underlying mechanisms suggests that that these compounds could act by modulating key regulative detoxifying enzymes via modifying nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) function. MGO-induced cytotoxicity led to increased levels of AGEs causing increase in Nε-(Carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and glutathione (GSH) levels and over expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Data also showed that translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol to nucleus was inhibited, which decreased the expression of detoxifying enzyme like heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The most potent bioactive compounds scavenged dicarbonyl compounds, inhibited AGEs formation and significantly reduced carbonyl stress by Nrf2 related pathway and restoration of HO-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated the protective effect of bioactive compounds derived from food sources against MGO-induced carbonyl stress through activation of the Nrf2 related defense pathway, which is of significant importance for therapeutic interventions in complementary treatment/management of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Gebregiorgis Amabye T, Frehiwot Mekonen A. Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Delonix elata L. in Flower Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2016.02.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xing HY, Cai YQ, Wang XF, Wang LL, Li P, Wang GY, Chen JH. The Cytoprotective Effect of Hyperoside against Oxidative Stress Is Mediated by the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway through GSK-3β Inactivation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145183. [PMID: 26674355 PMCID: PMC4682950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) acts as a negative regulator of NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) by inducing Nrf2 degradation and nuclear export. Our previous study demonstrated that the flavonoid hyperoside elicits cytoprotection against oxidative stress by activating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, thus increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. However, the role of GSK-3β in hyperoside-mediated Nrf2 activation is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that in a normal human hepatocyte cell line, (L02), hyperoside is capable of inducing the phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 without affecting the protein levels of GSK-3β and its phosphorylation at Thr390. Lithium chloride (LiCl) and short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β significantly enhanced the ability of hyperoside to protect L02 liver cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage, leading to increased cell survival shown by the maintenance of cell membrane integrity and elevated levels of glutathione (GSH), one of the endogenous antioxidant biomarkers. Further study showed that LiCl and siRNA-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β increased hyperoside-induced HO-1 expression, and the effect was dependent upon enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and gene expression. These activities were followed by ARE-mediated transcriptional activation in the presence of hyperoside, which was abolished by the transfection of the cells with Nrf2 siRNA. Furthermore, the siRNA-mediated inhibition of Keap1 also enhanced hyperoside-induced Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and HO-1 expression, which was relatively smaller than the effects obtained from GSK-3β siRNA administration. Moreover, Keap1 siRNA administration alone had no significant effect on the phosphorylation and protein expression of GSK-3β. Collectively, our data provide evidence that hyperoside attenuates H2O2 -induced L02 cell damage by activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway through both an increase in GSK-3β inhibitory phosphorylation at Ser9 and an inhibition of Keap1 and that hyperoside-mediated GSK-3β inhibition exhibits more significant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yong-Qing Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xian-Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lin-Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Guan-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jian-Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- * E-mail:
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Modulation of Metabolic Detoxification Pathways Using Foods and Food-Derived Components: A Scientific Review with Clinical Application. J Nutr Metab 2015; 2015:760689. [PMID: 26167297 PMCID: PMC4488002 DOI: 10.1155/2015/760689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into human biotransformation and elimination systems continues to evolve. Various clinical and in vivo studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effects of foods and food-derived components on the activity of detoxification pathways, including phase I cytochrome P450 enzymes, phase II conjugation enzymes, Nrf2 signaling, and metallothionein. This review summarizes the research in this area to date, highlighting the potential for foods and nutrients to support and/or modulate detoxification functions. Clinical applications to alter detoxification pathway activity and improve patient outcomes are considered, drawing on the growing understanding of the relationship between detoxification functions and different disease states, genetic polymorphisms, and drug-nutrient interactions. Some caution is recommended, however, due to the limitations of current research as well as indications that many nutrients exert biphasic, dose-dependent effects and that genetic polymorphisms may alter outcomes. A whole-foods approach may, therefore, be prudent.
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Wu H, Zhou S, Kong L, Chen J, Feng W, Cai J, Miao L, Tan Y. Metallothionein deletion exacerbates intermittent hypoxia-induced renal injury in mice. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:340-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Daubney J, Bonner PL, Hargreaves AJ, Dickenson JM. Cardioprotective and cardiotoxic effects of quercetin and two of its in vivo metabolites on differentiated h9c2 cardiomyocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:96-109. [PMID: 25203460 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Whilst mitotic rat embryonic cardiomyoblast-derived H9c2 cells have been widely used as a model system to study the protective mechanisms associated with flavonoids, they are not fully differentiated cardiac cells. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective and cardiotoxic actions of quercetin and two of its major in vivo metabolites, quercetin 3-glucuronide and 3'-O-methyl quercetin, using differentiated H9c2 cells. The differentiated cardiomyocyte-like phenotype was confirmed by monitoring expression of cardiac troponin 1 after 7 days of culture in reduced serum medium containing 10 nM all-trans retinoic acid. Quercetin-induced cardiotoxicity was assessed by monitoring MTT reduction, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, caspase 3 activity and reactive oxygen species production after prolonged flavonoid exposure (72 hr). Cardiotoxicity was observed with quercetin and 3'-O-methyl quercetin, but not quercetin 3-glucuronide. Cardioprotection was assessed by pre-treating differentiated H9c2 cells with quercetin or its metabolites for 24 hr prior to 2-hr exposure to 600 μM H2 O2, after which oxidative stress-induced cell damage was assessed by measuring MTT reduction and LDH release. Cardioprotection was observed with quercetin and 3'-O-methyl quercetin, but not with quercetin 3-glucuronide. Quercetin attenuated H2 O2 -induced activation of ERK1/2, PKB, p38 MAPK and JNK, but inhibitors of these kinases did not modulate quercetin-induced protection or H2 O2 -induced cell death. In summary, quercetin triggers cardioprotection against oxidative stress-induced cell death and cardiotoxicity after prolonged exposure. Further studies are required to investigate the complex interplay between the numerous signalling pathways that are modulated by quercetin and which may contribute to the cardioprotective and cardiotoxic effects of this important flavonoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Daubney
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Assis L, Straliotto M, Engel D, Hort M, Dutra R, de Bem A. β-Caryophyllene protects the C6 glioma cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity through the Nrf2 pathway. Neuroscience 2014; 279:220-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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