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Hammerschick T, Graf J, Vetter W. LC-Orbitrap-HRMS Determination of Two Novel Plastochromanol Homologues. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300333. [PMID: 37888832 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The antioxidant plastochromanol-8 (PC-8) is a tocochromanol which differs from γ-tocotrienol in having an unsaturated side chain of eight instead of three isoprene units. The recent isolation of PC-8 from flaxseed oil indicates the additional presence of lower shares of two previously unknown homologues, plastochromanol-7 (PC-7) and plastochromanol-9 (PC-9), which feature seven and nine isoprenoid units respectively on the γ-chromanol backbone. Here, a fast LC-Orbitrap-HRMS method is applied for the determination of PC-7 and PC-9 in seven plant oils and a plant extract. METHODS AND RESULTS The presence of PC-7, PC-8, and PC-9 is confirmed in all eight investigated samples by LC-Orbitrap-HRMS analysis after saponification. PC-8 amounts of ≈315-350 mg kg-1 in two flaxseed oils, ≈75 mg kg-1 in rapeseed oil, ≈38 mg kg-1 in camelina oil, ≈80-120 mg kg-1 in two mustard oils, ≈90 mg kg-1 in candle nut oil, and ≈900 mg kg-1 dry weight in Cecropia leaves are determined by quantification. Semi-quantification of PC-7 and PC-9 indicated the presence of ≈0.1-1% of PC-7 and PC-9 in varied relative ratios. CONCLUSION The novel plastochromanol homologues are of particular interest to researchers with focus on vitamin E and other tocochromanols because of their unexplored bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hammerschick
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Graf
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Saeid Nia M, Scholz L, Garibay-Hernández A, Mock HP, Repnik U, Selinski J, Krupinska K, Bilger W. How do barley plants with impaired photosynthetic light acclimation survive under high-light stress? PLANTA 2023; 258:71. [PMID: 37632541 PMCID: PMC10460368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION WHIRLY1 deficient barley plants surviving growth at high irradiance displayed increased non-radiative energy dissipation, enhanced contents of zeaxanthin and the flavonoid lutonarin, but no changes in α-tocopherol nor glutathione. Plants are able to acclimate to environmental conditions to optimize their functions. With the exception of obligate shade plants, they can adjust their photosynthetic apparatus and the morphology and anatomy of their leaves to irradiance. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Golden Promise) plants with reduced abundance of the protein WHIRLY1 were recently shown to be unable to acclimatise important components of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light. Nevertheless, these plants did not show symptoms of photoinhibition. High-light (HL) grown WHIRLY1 knockdown plants showed clear signs of exposure to excessive irradiance such as a low epoxidation state of the violaxanthin cycle pigments and an early light saturation of electron transport. These responses were underlined by a very large xanthophyll cycle pool size and by an increased number of plastoglobules. Whereas zeaxanthin increased with HL stress, α-tocopherol, which is another lipophilic antioxidant, showed no response to excessive light. Also the content of the hydrophilic antioxidant glutathione showed no increase in W1 plants as compared to the wild type, whereas the flavone lutonarin was induced in W1 plants. HPLC analysis of removed epidermal tissue indicated that the largest part of lutonarin was presumably located in the mesophyll. Since lutonarin is a better antioxidant than saponarin, the major flavone present in barley leaves, it is concluded that lutonarin accumulated as a response to oxidative stress. It is also concluded that zeaxanthin and lutonarin may have served as antioxidants in the WHIRLY1 knockdown plants, contributing to their survival in HL despite their restricted HL acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Scholz
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy, Department of Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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3
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Nowicka B, Walczak J, Kapsiak M, Barnaś K, Dziuba J, Suchoń A. Impact of cytotoxic plant naphthoquinones, juglone, plumbagin, lawsone and 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveals the biochemical mechanism of juglone toxicity by rapid depletion of plastoquinol. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107660. [PMID: 36996637 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic, untethered 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) are plant secondary metabolites that are often excreted into the environment and play a role in various plant-microbial, plant-fungal, plant-insect and plant-plant interactions. The biological activity of 1,4-NQs is mainly related to their redox properties, i.e. the ability to undergo redox cycling in cells. These compounds may also undergo electrophilic addition to thiol-containing compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of juglone, plumbagin, lawsone and 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-met-NQ) on the antioxidant response of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The algae were incubated with the examined compounds under low light for 6 h and the content of photosynthetic pigments, prenyllipid antioxidants, ascorbate, soluble thiols, proline, and superoxide dismutase activity was assessed. To examine the interaction between photosynthetic activity and naphthoquinone toxicity, we carried out the second experiment, in which C. reinhardtii was incubated with 1,4-NQs for 1 h under high light or in darkness. The pro-oxidant action of the examined 1,4-NQs depended on their reduction potentials, which decrease in order: juglone > plumbagin > 2-met-NQ > lawsone. Lawsone did not display pro-oxidant properties. Exposure to high light strongly enhanced the pro-oxidant effect of juglone, plumbagin, and 2-met-NQ, which is thought to result from the interception of the electrons from photosynthetic electron transfer chain. Only juglone was able to cause a fast depletion of plastoquinol, which may be an important mode of action of this allelochemical, responsible for its high toxicity to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Jan Walczak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Maja Kapsiak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Karolina Barnaś
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Julia Dziuba
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suchoń
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
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Morelli L, García Romañach L, Glauser G, Shanmugabalaji V, Kessler F, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Nutritional Enrichment of Plant Leaves by Combining Genes Promoting Tocopherol Biosynthesis and Storage. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020193. [PMID: 36837812 PMCID: PMC9965820 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The enrichment of plant tissues in tocochromanols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) is an important biotechnological goal due to their vitamin E and antioxidant properties. Improvements based on stimulating tocochromanol biosynthesis have repeatedly been achieved, however, enhancing sequestering and storage in plant plastids remains virtually unexplored. We previously showed that leaf chloroplasts can be converted into artificial chromoplasts with a proliferation of plastoglobules by overexpression of the bacterial crtB gene. Here we combined coexpression of crtB with genes involved in tocopherol biosynthesis to investigate the potential of artificial leaf chromoplasts for vitamin E accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We show that this combination improves tocopherol levels compared to controls without crtB and confirm that VTE1, VTE5, VTE6 and tyrA genes are useful to increase the total tocopherol levels, while VTE4 further leads to enrichment in α-tocopherol (the tocochromanol showing highest vitamin E activity). Additionally, we show that treatments that further promote plastoglobule formation (e.g., exposure to intense light or dark-induced senescence) result in even higher improvements in the tocopherol content of the leaves. An added advantage of our strategy is that it also results in increased levels of other related plastidial isoprenoids such as carotenoids (provitamin A) and phylloquinones (vitamin K1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Laura García Romañach
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (M.R.-C.)
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Moyo B, Tavengwa NT, Madala NE. Diverse chemical modifications of the chlorogenic acid composition of Viscum combreticola Engl.: A premise for the state of readiness against excessive sunlight exposure. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 233:112501. [PMID: 35751972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mistletoe plants that are positioned on the canopy of their hosts are more susceptible to UV radiation exposure. These aerial plants are resistant to damage by UV radiation due the presence of epidermal constituents such as the cuticle, cork layer, trichomes and antioxidant secondary metabolites. In response to the photo-oxidative stress associated with UV exposure, plants generally deploy photo-protective responsive mechanisms that involve the biosynthesis of UV absorbing phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acids (CGAs). The hydroxycinnamic acid moieties of these CGAs are predominantly in the trans configuration, naturally. However, excessive sunlight exposure of plants containing these compounds can result in geometrical isomerisation, characterized by the formation of cis isomers. Therefore, in this study, the effect of UV light radiation on the CGA composition of Viscum combreticola Engl. (Santalacaeae) plants using an in vitro model was unravelled through UHPLC-q-TOF-MS-based metabolic profiling. Interestingly, the findings of this study revealed that this plant has a diverse chemical composition of CGAs that is characterized by epimerization, monoacylation, homodiacylation and heterodiacylation of the quinic acid (QA), thereby, contributing to the state of readiness in these plants against sunlight or UV exposure. In addition to the commonly reported cinnamoyl containing heterodiacylated CGAs, hydroxybenzoyl containing heterodiacylated CGAs were also reported in this study. Moreover, cis isomers (24 in total) of some CGAs were identified in the non-irradiated samples and the formation of these compounds has been reported to help plants in the mitigation of photo-oxidative stress. An additional 28 cis isomers of CGAs and HCA derivatives were observed in the UV-irradiated samples, hence, further increasing the complexity of the metabolome of this plant, with a total of 108 compounds identified in this study. The presence of epimers, positional and geometrical isomers of these compounds could be a biochemical strategy to maximize the chemical arsenal of this plant to withstand the photo-oxidative stress posed by UV radiation from the sunlight. Due to purported pharmacological properties associated with the identified compounds these parasitic plants can be a rich source of prospective therapeutic compounds that can be employed as drug discovery leads. Moreover, UV radiation might be essential in future to produce potent drugs since plants naturally produce these compounds in low quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babra Moyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni Edwin Madala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa.
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Molecular Cloning and Analysis of an Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase Gene (EkAACT) from Euphorbia kansui Liou. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121539. [PMID: 35736690 PMCID: PMC9229008 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products and are essential for cell functions in plants and their interactions with the environment. Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (AACT, EC2.3.1.9) can catalyze a key initiation step of the mevalonate pathway (MVA) for terpenoid biosynthesis and is modulated by many endogenous and external stimuli. Here, the function and expression regulation activities of AACT in Euphorbia kansui Liou (EkAACT) were reported. Compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, the root length, whole seedling fresh weight and growth morphology of EkAACT-overexpressing plants were slightly improved. The transcription levels of AtAACT, AtMDC, AtMK, AtHMGR, and AtHMGS in the MVA pathway and total triterpenoid accumulation increased significantly in transgenic Arabidopsis. Under NaCl and PEG treatment, EkAACT-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed a higher accumulation of total triterpenoids, higher enzyme activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased root length and whole seedling fresh weight, and a decrease in the proline content, which indicated that plant tolerance to abiotic stress was enhanced. Thus, AACT, as the first crucial enzyme, plays a major role in the overall regulation of the MVA pathway.
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7
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Souza CS, Daood H, Duah SA, Vinogradov S, Palotás G, Neményi A, Helyes L, Pék Z. Stability of carotenoids, carotenoid esters, tocopherols and capsaicinoids in new chili pepper hybrids during natural and thermal drying. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Nowicka B. Heavy metal-induced stress in eukaryotic algae-mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16860-16911. [PMID: 35006558 PMCID: PMC8873139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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9
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Zaaboul F, Liu Y. Vitamin E in foodstuff: Nutritional, analytical, and food technology aspects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:964-998. [PMID: 35181987 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a group of isoprenoid chromanols with different biological activities. It comprises eight oil-soluble compounds: four tocopherols, namely, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols; and four tocotrienols, namely, α-, β-, γ, and δ-tocotrienols. Vitamin E isomers are well-known for their antioxidant activity, gene-regulation effects, and anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective properties. Considering that vitamin E is exclusively synthesized by photosynthetic organisms, animals can only acquire it through their diet. Plant-based food is the primary source of vitamin E; hence, oils, nuts, fruits, and vegetables with high contents of vitamin E are mostly consumed after processing, including industrial processes and home-cooking, which involve vitamin E profile and content alteration during their preparation. Accordingly, it is essential to identify the vitamin E content and profile in foodstuff to match daily intake requirements. This review summarizes recent advances in vitamin E chemistry, metabolism and metabolites, current knowledge on their contents and profiles in raw and processed plant foods, and finally, their modern developments in analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Zaaboul
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic China
| | - YuanFa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic China
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Fan J, Zhou D, Chen C, Wu J, Wu H. Reprogramming the metabolism of Synechocystis PCC 6803 by regulating the plastoquinone biosynthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2021; 6:351-359. [PMID: 34754966 PMCID: PMC8554343 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can utilize CO2 or even N2 to produce a variety of high value-added products efficiently. Plastoquinone (PQ) is an important electron carrier in both of the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chain. Although the content of PQ, as well as their redox state, have an important effect on physiology and metabolism, there are relatively few studies on the synthesis of PQ and its related metabolic regulation mechanism in photosynthetic microorganisms. In this study, the strategies of overexpression of Geranyl diphosphate: 4-hydroxybenzoate geranyltransferase (lepgt) and addition of 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HB) as the quinone ring precursor were adopted to regulate the biosynthesis of PQ in Synechocystis PCC 6803. Combined with the analysis the photosystem activity, respiration rate and metabolic components, we found the changes of intracellular PQ reprogrammed the metabolism of Synechocystis PCC 6803. The results showed that the overexpression of lepgt reduced PQ content dramatically, by 22.18%. Interestingly, both of the photosynthesis and respiration rate were enhanced. In addition, the intracellular lipid and protein contents were significantly increased. Whereas, the addition of low concentrations of 4-HB enhanced the biosynthesis of PQ, and the intracellular PQ contents were increased by 14.76%-70.86% in different conditions. Addition of 4-HB can regulate the photosystem efficiency and respiration and reprogram the metabolism of Synechocystis PCC 6803 efficiently. In a word, regulating the PQ biosynthesis provided a novel idea for promoting the reprogramming the physiology and metabolism of Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Dongqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Ju Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Engineering of China National Light Industry Council, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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11
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Wójtowicz J, Grzyb J, Szach J, Mazur R, Gieczewska KB. Bean and Pea Plastoglobules Change in Response to Chilling Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11895. [PMID: 34769326 PMCID: PMC8584975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastoglobules (PGs) might be characterised as microdomains of the thylakoid membrane that serve as a platform to recruit proteins and metabolites in their spatial proximity in order to facilitate metabolic channelling or signal transduction. This study provides new insight into changes in PGs isolated from two plant species with different responses to chilling stress, namely chilling-tolerant pea (Pisum sativum) and chilling-sensitive bean (Phaseolus coccineus). Using multiple analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography and visualisation techniques including transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we determined changes in PGs' biochemical and biophysical characteristics as a function of chilling stress. Some of the observed alterations occurred in both studied plant species, such as increased particle size and plastoquinone-9 content, while others were more typical of a particular type of response to chilling stress. Additionally, PGs of first green leaves were examined to highlight differences at this stage of development. Observed changes appear to be a dynamic response to the demands of photosynthetic membranes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Joanna Grzyb
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie Street 14a, PL-50383 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Szach
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna B. Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (J.S.)
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12
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Surówka E, Latowski D, Dziurka M, Rys M, Maksymowicz A, Żur I, Olchawa-Pajor M, Desel C, Krzewska M, Miszalski Z. ROS-Scavengers, Osmoprotectants and Violaxanthin De-Epoxidation in Salt-Stressed Arabidopsis thaliana with Different Tocopherol Composition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11370. [PMID: 34768798 PMCID: PMC8583738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the role of α- and γ-tocopherol (TC), this study compared the response to salt stress (200 mM NaCl) in wild type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. And its two mutants: (1) totally TC-deficient vte1; (2) vte4 accumulating γ-TC instead of α-TC; and (3) tmt transgenic line overaccumulating α-TC. Raman spectra revealed that salt-exposed α-TC accumulating plants were more flexible in regulating chlorophyll, carotenoid and polysaccharide levels than TC deficient mutants, while the plants overaccumulating γ-TC had the lowest levels of these biocompounds. Tocopherol composition and NaCl concentration affected xanthophyll cycle by changing the rate of violaxanthin de-epoxidation and zeaxanthin formation. NaCl treated plants with altered TC composition accumulated less oligosaccharides than WT plants. α-TC deficient plants increased their oligosaccharide levels and reduced maltose amount, while excessive accumulation of α-TC corresponded with enhanced amounts of maltose. Salt-stressed TC-deficient mutants and tmt transgenic line exhibited greater proline levels than WT plants, lower chlorogenic acid levels, and lower activity of catalase and peroxidases. α-TC accumulating plants produced more methylated proline- and glycine- betaines, and showed greater activity of superoxide dismutase than γ-TC deficient plants. Under salt stress, α-TC demonstrated a stronger regulatory effect on carbon- and nitrogen-related metabolites reorganization and modulation of antioxidant patterns than γ-TC. This suggested different links of α- and γ-TCs with various metabolic pathways via various functions and metabolic loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Surówka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (I.Ż); (M.K.)
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology of the Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (I.Ż); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Rys
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (I.Ż); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (I.Ż); (M.K.)
| | - Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (I.Ż); (M.K.)
| | - Monika Olchawa-Pajor
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland;
| | - Christine Desel
- Botanical Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Monika Krzewska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (I.Ż); (M.K.)
| | - Zbigniew Miszalski
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland;
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Content and response to Ɣ-irradiation before over-ripening of capsaicinoid, carotenoid, and tocopherol in new hybrids of spice chili peppers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Monda H, McKenna AM, Fountain R, Lamar RT. Bioactivity of Humic Acids Extracted From Shale Ore: Molecular Characterization and Structure-Activity Relationship With Tomato Plant Yield Under Nutritional Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:660224. [PMID: 34122481 PMCID: PMC8195337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.660224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demands for biostimulants in the agricultural market over the last years have posed the problem of regulating this product category by requiring the industry to make available the information about efficacy and safety, including the explanation of mode of action and the definition of bioactive constituents. In the present study, we tested the biostimulant proprieties of a sedimentary shale ore-extracted humic acid (HA) on Micro Tom tomato plants under increasing nutritional stress and investigated the correlation with the chemical features of HA by means of ultra-high resolution FT-ICR MS, FT-ATR, and 13C-NMR. Humic acid application proved effective in alleviating the nutritional stress by improving nutrient use efficiency, with results comparable to the control treatment supplied with higher NPK nutrition. Increased yield (up to +19%) and fruit quality (in the range +10-24%), higher ascorbic acid content and a better root growth were the main parameters affected by HA application. Molecular-level characterization identified the possible chemical drivers of bioactivity, and included flavonoids, quinones, and alkaloids among the most represented molecules, some of which exhibiting antioxidant, pro-oxidant, and antimicrobial activity. The redox effect was discussed as a determinant of the delicate homeostasis balance, capable of triggering plant defense response and eventually inducing a protective priming effect on the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiarhi Monda
- Humic R&D Lab, Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Ion Cyclotron Resonance Facility, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Fountain
- Humic R&D Lab, Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | - Richard T. Lamar
- Humic R&D Lab, Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
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Effects of Benzoquinones on Radicles of Orobanche and Phelipanche Species. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040746. [PMID: 33920368 PMCID: PMC8070214 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The holoparasitic broomrape weeds (Orobanche and Phelipanche species) cause severe yield losses throughout North Africa, the Middle East, and Southern and Eastern Europe. These parasitic weeds form an haustorium at the tip of their radicles to infect the crop upon detection of the host-derived haustorium-inducing factors. Until now, the haustorial induction in the broomrapes remains less studied than in other parasitic plant species. Known haustorium-inducing factors active in hemiparasites, such as Striga and Triphysaria species, were reported to be inefficient for the induction of haustoria in broomrape radicles. In this work, the haustorium-inducing activity of p-benzoquinone and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (BQ and DMBQ) on radicles of three different broomrapes, namely Orobanche cumana, Orobanche minor and Phelipanche ramosa, is reported. Additional allelopathic effects of benzoquinones on radicle growth and radicle necrosis were studied. The results of this work suggest that benzoquinones play a role in the induction of haustorium in broomrapes. Although dependent on the broomrape species assayed and the concentration of quinones used in the test, the activity of BQ appeared to be stronger than that of DMBQ. The redox property represented by p-benzoquinone, which operates in several physiological processes of plants, insects and animals, is invoked to explain this different activity. This work confirms the usefulness of benzoquinones as haustorium-inducing factors for holoparasitic plant research. The findings of this work could facilitate future studies in the infection process, such as host-plant recognition and haustorial formation.
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Nowicka B, Trela-Makowej A, Latowski D, Strzalka K, Szymańska R. Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2950. [PMID: 33799456 PMCID: PMC7999835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O2 formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Trela-Makowej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazimierz Strzalka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Milea ȘA, Aprodu I, Enachi E, Barbu V, Râpeanu G, Bahrim GE, Stănciuc N. β-lactoglobulin and its thermolysin derived hydrolysates on regulating selected biological functions of onion skin flavonoids through microencapsulation. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1864020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iuliana Aprodu
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Elena Enachi
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Vasilica Barbu
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Gabriela Râpeanu
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | | | - Nicoleta Stănciuc
- Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
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Liu B, Jiao L, Chai J, Bao C, Jiang P, Li Y. Encapsulation and Targeted Release. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0320-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Kumar A, Prasad A, Sedlářová M, Ksas B, Havaux M, Pospíšil P. Interplay between antioxidants in response to photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:894-907. [PMID: 32931882 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tocochromanols (tocopherols, tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8), isoprenoid quinone (plastoquinone-9 and plastoquinol-9) and carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls), are lipid-soluble antioxidants in the chloroplasts, which play an important defensive role against photooxidative stress in plants. In this study, the interplay between the antioxidant activities of those compounds in excess light stress was analyzed in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana and in a tocopherol cyclase mutant (vte1), a homogentisate phytyl transferase mutant (vte2) and a tocopherol cyclase overexpressor (VTE1oex). The results reveal a strategy of cooperation and replacement between α-tocopherol, plastochromanol-8, plastoquinone-9/plastoquinol-9 and zeaxanthin. In the first line of defense (non-radical mechanism), singlet oxygen is either physically or chemically quenched by α-tocopherol; however, when α-tocopherol is consumed, zeaxanthin and plastoquinone-9/plastoquinol-9 can provide alternative protection against singlet oxygen toxicity by functional replacement of α-tocopherol either by zeaxanthin for the physical quenching or by plastoquinone-9/plastoquinol-9 for the chemical quenching. When singlet oxygen escapes this first line of defense, it oxidizes lipids and forms lipid hydroperoxides, which are oxidized to lipid peroxyl radicals by ferric iron. In the second line of defense (radical mechanism), lipid peroxyl radicals are scavenged by α-tocopherol. After its consumption, plastochromanol-8 overtakes this function. We provide a comprehensive description of the reaction pathways underlying the non-radical and radical antioxidant activities of α-tocopherol, carotenoids, plastoquinone-9/plastoquinol-9 and plastochromanol-8. The interplay between the different plastid lipid-soluble antioxidants in the non-radical and the radical mechanism provides step by step insights into protection against photooxidative stress in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Brigitte Ksas
- CEA, CNRS UMR 7265 BVME, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire D'Écophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA, CNRS UMR 7265 BVME, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire D'Écophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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20
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Surówka E, Potocka I, Dziurka M, Wróbel-Marek J, Kurczyńska E, Żur I, Maksymowicz A, Gajewska E, Miszalski Z. Tocopherols mutual balance is a key player for maintaining Arabidopsis thaliana growth under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:369-383. [PMID: 33007531 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced channeling carbon through pathways: shikimate/chorismate, benzenoid-phenylopropanoid or 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) provides a multitude of secondary metabolites and cell wall components and allows plants response to environmental stresses. Through the biosynthetic pathways, different secondary metabolites, like tocopherols (TCs), are bind to mutual dependencies and metabolic loops, that are not yet fully understood. We compared, in parallel, the influence of α- and γ-TCs on metabolites involved in osmoprotective/antioxidative response, and physico-chemical modification of plasma membrane and cell wall. We studied Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia ecotype (WT), mutant vte1 deficient in α- and γ-TCs, mutant vte4 over-accumulating γ-TC instead of α-TC, and transgenic line tmt over-accumulating α-TC; exposed to NaCl. The results indicate that salt stress activates β-carboxylation processes in WT plants and in plants with altered TCs accumulation. In α-TC-deficient plants, NaCl causes ACC decrease, but does not change SA, whose concentration remains higher than in α-TC accumulating plants. α/γ-TCs contents influence carbohydrates, poliamines, phenolic (caffeic, ferrulic, cinnamic) acids accumulation patterns. Salinity results in increased detection of the LM5 galactan and LM19 homogalacturonan epitopes in α-TC accumulating plants, and the LM6 arabinan and MAC207 AGP epitopes in α-TC deficient mutants. Parallel, plants with altered TCs composition show decreased both the cell turgor and elastic modulus determined at the individual cell level. α-TC deficient plants reveal lower values of cell turgor and elastic modulus, but higher cell hydraulic conductivity than α-TC accumulating plants. Under salt stress, α-TC shows stronger regulatory effect than γ-TC through the impact on chloroplastic biosynthetic pathways and ROS/osmotic-modulating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Surówka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Izabela Potocka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Wróbel-Marek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Kurczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Miszalski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
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Chidi Enyinnaya O, Victor Chibueze U, Ositadinma Chinyere U, Okezie E, Innocent Chidi N, Eziuche Amadike U. Effect of Quarrying and Stone Crushing Activities on Nutritional Composition, Heavy Metals and Oxidative Stress Indices of <i>Aspilia africana</i>. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1044-1054. [PMID: 32700855 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1044.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Physiological and biochemical changes in plants are indicators used for monitoring cellular activity of plant prior and post exposure to harsh environment. This study investigated the impact of quarrying and stone crushing activities on heavy metals, plant nutritional composition, phytochemicals and oxidative stress indices of Aspilia africana. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different parts of A. africana were collected from the quarry site and compared to those growing from non-quarry mining environment. RESULTS The result shows that A. africana from quarry mining site had significant (p<0.05) increase in phenol, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ levels when compared to that of control site. Ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) level significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the quarry site. The photomicrograph of the A. africana leaves from the quarry site demonstrated a squeezed venial arrangement, necrotized surface, closed stomata and compressed vein. CONCLUSION The result suggests that quarrying and stone crushing activities may induce oxidative stress on A. africana. Based on its APTI rating, A. african can be used in the monitoring of air pollution. The results revealed that quarrying and stone crushing activities increased health promoting phytochemicals and some minerals of A. africana growing around the quarry environment.
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Nowicka B, Fesenko T, Walczak J, Kruk J. The inhibitor-evoked shortage of tocopherol and plastoquinol is compensated by other antioxidant mechanisms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to toxic concentrations of cadmium and chromium ions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110241. [PMID: 32007925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the major mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity is the induction of oxidative stress. Redox-active heavy metals, like chromium, can induce it directly, whereas redox-inactive metals, like cadmium, play an indirect role in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Living organisms defend themselves against oxidative stress taking advantage of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes. Tocopherols and plastoquinol are important plastid prenyllipid antioxidants, playing a role during acclimation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to heavy metal-induced stress. However, partial inhibition of synthesis of these prenyllipids by pyrazolate did not decrease the tolerance of C. reinhardtii to Cr- and Cd-induced stress, suggesting redundancy between antioxidant mechanisms. To verify this hypothesis we have performed comparative analyses of growth, photosynthetic pigments, low-molecular-weight antioxidants (tocopherols, plastoquinol, plastochromanol, ascorbate, soluble thiols, proline), activities of the ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cumulative superoxide production in C. reinhardtii exposed to Cd2+ and Cr2O72- ions in the presence or absence of pyrazolate. The decreased α-tocopherol and plastoquinol content resulted in the increase in superoxide generation and APX activity in pyrazolate-treated algae. The application of heavy metal ions and pyrazolate had a pronounced impact on Asc and total thiol content, as well as SOD and APX activities (the latter only in Cd-exposed cultures), when compared with algae grown in the presence of heavy metal ions or pyrazolate alone. The superoxide production in cultures exposed to heavy metal ions and pyrazolate decreased when compared to the cultures exposed to either heavy metal ions or an inhibitor alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tymofii Fesenko
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Walczak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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A novel Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri NADPH quinone reductase involved in salt stress response and virulence. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129514. [PMID: 31911239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), the causal agent of citrus canker is maintained as an epiphyte on citrus leaves until entering the plant tissue. During epiphytic survival, bacteria may encounter low water availability that challenges the infection process. Proteomics analyses of Xcc under saline stress, mimicking the conditions found during epiphytic survival, showed increased abundance of a putative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase encoded by XAC2229. METHODS Expression levels of XAC2229 and a Xcc mutant in XAC2229 were analyzed in salt and oxidative stress and during plant-pathogen interaction. An Escherichia coli expressing XAC2229 was obtained, and the role of this protein in oxidative stress resistance and in reactive oxygen species production was studied. Finally, Xac2229 protein was purified, spectrophotometric and cofactor analyses were done and enzymatic activities determined. RESULTS XAC2229 was expressed under salt stress and during plant-pathogen interaction. ΔXAC2229 mutant showed less number of cankers and impaired epiphytic survival than the wild type strain. ΔXAC2229 survived less in the presence of H2O2 and produced more reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances than the wild type strain. Similar results were observed for E. coli expressing XAC2229. Xac2229 is a FAD containing flavoprotein, displays diaphorase activity with an optimum at pH 6.0 and has quinone reductase activity using NADPH as an electron donor. CONCLUSIONS A FAD containing flavoprotein from Xcc is a new NADPH quinone reductase required for bacterial virulence, particularly in Xcc epiphytic survival on citrus leaves. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A novel protein involved in the worldwide disease citrus canker was characterized.
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Wang Z, Luo F, Wang Z, Zhou R, Tang Y, Li Y. The potential growth and lipid accumulation in Coccomyxa subellipsoidea triggered by glucose combining with sodium acetate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:110. [PMID: 31280381 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon sources whether types or magnitudes were fateful in terms of stimulating growth and lipids accumulation in microalgae applied for biodiesel production. The set scenario of this work was to investigate the feasibilities of glucose (G) combining with sodium acetate (SA) carbon sources in enhancing biomass and lipid accumulation in Coccomyxa subellipsoidea. The results demonstrated that C. subellipsoidea subjected to the combination feeding of G (20 g/L) and SA (12 g/L) achieved the favorable biomass (5.22 g/L) and lipid content (52.16%). The resulting lipid productivity (388.96 mg/L/day) was 1.33- to 7.60-fold more than those of sole G or SA as well as other combinations of G and SA. Even though the total fatty acids of C. subellipsoidea cells treated with the optimal combination of G and SA showed no noticeable increment in comparison with sole G or SA, the proportion of monounsaturated C18:1 (over 48.69%) and the content of C18:3 (< 12%) were commendable in high-quality algal biodiesel production. Further, such fascinating lipid accumulation in C. subellipsoidea cells treated with G combining with SA might be attributed to that G promoted glycolysis as well as SA activated glyoxylate shunt and TCA cycle to synergistically provide sufficient acetyl-CoA precursors for lipid accumulation. These findings hinted the potential of the combination of carbon sources in enhancing the overall lipid productivity to offset alga-based biodiesel production cost and would guide other alga strains cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziting Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufang Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
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Paul K, Sorrentino M, Lucini L, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Bonini P, Miras Moreno MB, Reynaud H, Canaguier R, Trtílek M, Panzarová K, Colla G. A Combined Phenotypic and Metabolomic Approach for Elucidating the Biostimulant Action of a Plant-Derived Protein Hydrolysate on Tomato Grown Under Limited Water Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:493. [PMID: 31130970 PMCID: PMC6509618 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived protein hydrolysates (PHs) are an important category of biostimulants able to increase plant growth and crop yield especially under environmental stress conditions. PHs can be applied as foliar spray or soil drench. Foliar spray is generally applied to achieve a relatively short-term response, whereas soil drench is used when a long-term effect is desired. The aim of the study was to elucidate the biostimulant action of PH application method (foliar spray or substrate drench) on morpho-physiological traits and metabolic profile of tomato grown under limited water availability. An untreated control was also included. A high-throughput image-based phenotyping (HTP) approach was used to non-destructively monitor the crop response under limited water availability (40% of container capacity) in a controlled environment. Moreover, metabolic profile of leaves was determined at the end of the trial. Dry biomass of shoots at the end of the trial was significantly correlated with number of green pixels (R 2 = 0.90) and projected shoot area, respectively. Both drench and foliar treatments had a positive impact on the digital biomass compared to control while the photosynthetic performance of the plants was slightly influenced by treatments. Overall drench application under limited water availability more positively influenced biomass accumulation and metabolic profile than foliar application. Significantly higher transpiration use efficiency was observed with PH-drench applications indicating better stomatal conductance. The mass-spectrometry based metabolomic analysis allowed the identification of distinct biochemical signatures in PH-treated plants. Metabolomic changes involved a wide and organized range of biochemical processes that included, among others, phytohormones (notably a decrease in cytokinins and an accumulation of salicylates) and lipids (including membrane lipids, sterols, and terpenes). From a general perspective, treated tomato plants exhibited an improved tolerance to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative imbalance. Such capability to cope with oxidative stress might have resulted from a coordinated action of signaling compounds (salicylic acid and hydroxycinnamic amides), radical scavengers such as carotenoids and prenyl quinones, as well as a reduced biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole coproporphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Paul
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czechia
| | | | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Begoña Miras Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Martin Trtílek
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czechia
| | - Klára Panzarová
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Klára Panzarová, Giuseppe Colla,
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
- Arcadia Srl, Rivoli Veronese, Italy
- *Correspondence: Klára Panzarová, Giuseppe Colla,
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Saunier A, Ormeño E, Havaux M, Wortham H, Ksas B, Temime-Roussel B, Blande JD, Lecareux C, Mévy JP, Bousquet-Mélou A, Gauquelin T, Fernandez C. Resistance of native oak to recurrent drought conditions simulating predicted climatic changes in the Mediterranean region. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2299-2312. [PMID: 29749622 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of a Quercus pubescens forest to resist recurrent drought was assessed on an in situ experimental platform through the measurement of a large set of traits (ecophysiological and metabolic) studied under natural drought (ND) and amplified drought (AD) induced by partial rain exclusion. This study was performed during the third and fourth years of AD, which correspond to conditions of moderate AD in 2014 and harsher AD in 2015, respectively. Although water potential (Ψ) and net photosynthesis (Pn) were noticeably reduced under AD in 2015 compared to ND, trees showed similar growth and no oxidative stress. The absence of oxidative damage could be due to a strong accumulation of α-tocopherol, suggesting that this compound is a major component of the Q. pubescens antioxidant system. Other antioxidants were rather stable under AD in 2014, but slight changes started to be observed in 2015 (carotenoids and isoprene) due to harsher conditions. Our results indicate that Q. pubescens could be able to cope with AD, for at least 4 years, likely due to its antioxidant system. However, growth decrease was observed during the fifth year (2016) of AD, suggesting that this resistance could be threatened over longer periods of recurrent drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Saunier
- Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elena Ormeño
- Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA Cadarache, CNRS UMR 7265 BVME, Aix-Marseille University, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
| | - Henri Wortham
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Environnement, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Ksas
- CEA Cadarache, CNRS UMR 7265 BVME, Aix-Marseille University, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
| | - Brice Temime-Roussel
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Environnement, Marseille, France
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Lecareux
- Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Mévy
- Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Bousquet-Mélou
- Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Gauquelin
- Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Fernandez
- Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
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The intelligent delivery systems for bioactive compounds in foods: Physicochemical and physiological conditions, absorption mechanisms, obstacles and responsive strategies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ferretti U, Ciura J, Ksas B, Rác M, Sedlářová M, Kruk J, Havaux M, Pospíšil P. Chemical quenching of singlet oxygen by plastoquinols and their oxidation products in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:848-861. [PMID: 29901834 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Prenylquinols (tocochromanols and plastoquinols) serve as efficient physical and chemical quenchers of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) formed during high light stress in higher plants. Although quenching of 1 O2 by prenylquinols has been previously studied, direct evidence for chemical quenching of 1 O2 by plastoquinols and their oxidation products is limited in vivo. In the present study, the role of plastoquinol-9 (PQH2 -9) in chemical quenching of 1 O2 was studied in Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing the SOLANESYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 gene (SPS1oex) involved in PQH2 -9 and plastochromanol-8 biosynthesis. In this work, direct evidence for chemical quenching of 1 O2 by plastoquinols and their oxidation products is presented, which is obtained by microscopic techniques in vivo. Chemical quenching of 1 O2 was associated with consumption of PQH2 -9 and formation of its various oxidized forms. Oxidation of PQH2 -9 by 1 O2 leads to plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9), which is subsequently oxidized to hydroxyplastoquinone-9 [PQ(OH)-9]. We provide here evidence that oxidation of PQ(OH)-9 by 1 O2 results in the formation of trihydroxyplastoquinone-9 [PQ(OH)3 -9]. It is concluded here that PQH2 -9 serves as an efficient 1 O2 chemical quencher in Arabidopsis, and PQ(OH)3 -9 can be considered as a natural product of 1 O2 reaction with PQ(OH)-9. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying 1 O2 chemical quenching provides information on the role of plastoquinols and their oxidation products in the response of plants to photooxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Ferretti
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Ciura
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Brigitte Ksas
- Laboratoire d'Écophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CEA, CNRS, UMR 7265 BVME, Aix-Marseille Université, CEA/Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Marek Rác
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Michel Havaux
- Laboratoire d'Écophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CEA, CNRS, UMR 7265 BVME, Aix-Marseille Université, CEA/Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
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Nowicka B, Żądło A, Pluciński B, Kruk J, Kuczyńska P. The oxidative stress in allelopathy: Participation of prenyllipid antioxidants in the response to juglone in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 144:171-179. [PMID: 28942064 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a phenomenon, where one species releases compounds able to inhibit the growth of other species. Juglone, 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone, is an allelochemical produced by walnut trees. The main mode of juglone toxicity is the formation of semiquinone radicals, able to reduce O2 to superoxide. Prenyllipid antioxidants such as tocopherol and plastoquinone are important for antioxidant defense in photosynthetic organisms. Here we assess their participation in the response to juglone. The impact of 20 μM juglone on the content of photosynthetic pigments and prenyllipid antioxidants in green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was measured over an incubation period of 7.5 h in low light and over 40 min under high light or in darkness. The decrease in pigment and prenyllipid content, accompanied by an increase in lipid hydroperoxides was observed over a longer incubation period with juglone. Simultaneous exposure to high light and juglone led to a pronounced decrease in carotenoids and prenyllipids, while there was no decrease in high light alone and no decrease or only a slight decrease in the series with juglone alone. The fact that semiquinone radicals are generated in juglone-exposed cells was confirmed using EPR spectroscopy. This article also shows that C. reinhardtii may be a suitable model for studies on some modes of phytotoxic action of allelochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Żądło
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pluciński
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Kuczyńska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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30
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Kim EH, Lee DW, Lee KR, Jung SJ, Jeon JS, Kim HU. Conserved Function of Fibrillin5 in the Plastoquinone-9 Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis and Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1197. [PMID: 28751900 PMCID: PMC5507956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) is essential for plant growth and development. Recently, we found that fibrillin5 (FBN5), a plastid lipid binding protein, is an essential structural component of the PQ-9 biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis. To investigate the functional conservation of FBN5 in monocots and eudicots, we identified OsFBN5, the Arabidopsis FBN5 (AtFBN5) ortholog in rice (Oryza sativa). Homozygous Osfbn5-1 and Osfbn5-2 Tos17 insertion null mutants were smaller than wild type (WT) plants when grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and died quickly when transplanted to soil in a greenhouse. They accumulated significantly less PQ-9 than WT plants, whereas chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were only mildly affected. The reduced PQ-9 content of the mutants was consistent with their lower maximum photosynthetic efficiency, especially under high light. Overexpression of OsFBN5 complemented the seedling lethal phenotype of the Arabidopsis fbn5-1 mutant and restored PQ-9 and PC-8 (plastochromanol-8) to levels comparable to those in WT Arabidopsis plants. Protein interaction experiments in yeast and mesophyll cells confirmed that OsFBN5 interacts with the rice solanesyl diphosphate synthase OsSPS2 and also with Arabidopsis AtSPS1 and AtSPS2. Our data thus indicate that OsFBN5 is the functional equivalent of AtFBN5 and also suggest that the SPSs-FBN5 complex for synthesis of the solanesyl diphosphate tail in PQ-9 is well conserved in Arabidopsis and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development AdministrationJeonju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development AdministrationJeonju, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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van Wijk KJ, Kessler F. Plastoglobuli: Plastid Microcompartments with Integrated Functions in Metabolism, Plastid Developmental Transitions, and Environmental Adaptation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:253-289. [PMID: 28125283 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastoglobuli (PGs) are plastid lipoprotein particles surrounded by a membrane lipid monolayer. PGs contain small specialized proteomes and metabolomes. They are present in different plastid types (e.g., chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and elaioplasts) and are dynamic in size and shape in response to abiotic stress or developmental transitions. PGs in chromoplasts are highly enriched in carotenoid esters and enzymes involved in carotenoid metabolism. PGs in chloroplasts are associated with thylakoids and contain ∼30 core proteins (including six ABC1 kinases) as well as additional proteins recruited under specific conditions. Systems analysis has suggested that chloroplast PGs function in metabolism of prenyl lipids (e.g., tocopherols, plastoquinone, and phylloquinone); redox and photosynthetic regulation; plastid biogenesis; and senescence, including recycling of phytol, remobilization of thylakoid lipids, and metabolism of jasmonate. These functionalities contribute to chloroplast PGs' role in responses to stresses such as high light and nitrogen starvation. PGs are thus lipid microcompartments with multiple functions integrated into plastid metabolism, developmental transitions, and environmental adaptation. This review provides an in-depth overview of PG experimental observations, summarizes the present understanding of PG features and functions, and provides a conceptual framework for PG research and the realization of opportunities for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas J van Wijk
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Felix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;
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López M, Muñoz N, Lascano HR, Izaguirre-Mayoral ML. The seed-borne Southern bean mosaic virus hinders the early events of nodulation and growth in Rhizobium-inoculated Phaseolus vulgaris L. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:208-218. [PMID: 32480558 DOI: 10.1071/fp16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To simulate seed-borne virus transmission, a noninvasive protocol was designed to infect the radicle of germinating seeds, with 100% effectiveness. Preinfection of 24-h-old black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) radicles by Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) followed by Rhizobium inoculation 48h later caused a drastic reduction in root nodulation. Results were attributed to active virus replication within the elongating zone of the radicle at least 32h before Rhizobium inoculation, which elicited severe anatomical malformations; an abnormal accumulation of apoplastic reactive oxygen species in the rhizodermis, cortex, inner cortical and endodermic root cells; the formation of atypical root hair tips and the collapse of 94% of the root hairs in the SBMV-preinfected radicles. Adult SBMV-preinfected plants showed exacerbated virus symptoms and 80% growth reduction ascribed to major virus-induced ultrastructural alterations in the nodules. The accumulation of ureides, α-amino acids and total reducing sugars in the leaves and nodules of SBMV-preinfected plants are indicators of the hindering effects of SBMV infection on N2 fixation and ureide catabolism, causing N starvation. The exogenous addition of 1 or 4μM naringenin, genistein or daidzein did not counteract the deleterious effects of SBMV preinfection on nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariadaniela López
- Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Postgrado de Agronomia, Laboratorio de Virologia, Barquisimeto 03023, Venezuela
| | - Nacira Muñoz
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 5119 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hernan Ramiro Lascano
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 5119 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Izaguirre-Mayoral
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, apartado postal 21827 Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
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