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Ajibo DN, Orish CN, Ruggieri F, Bocca B, Battistini B, Frazzoli C, Orish FC, Orisakwe OE. An Update Overview on Mechanistic Data and Biomarker Levels in Cobalt and Chromium-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3538-3564. [PMID: 38017235 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the imbalance of metals as cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) may increase the risk of development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The human exposure to Co and Cr is derived mostly from industry, orthopedic implants, and polluted environments. Neurological effects of Co and Cr include memory deficit, olfactory dysfunction, spatial disorientation, motor neuron disease, and brain cancer. Mechanisms of Co and Cr neurotoxicity included DNA damage and genomic instability, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial disturbance, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This paper seeks to overview the Co and Cr sources, the mechanisms by which these metals induce NDDs, and their levels in fluids of the general population and patients affected by NDDs. To this end, evidence of Co and Cr unbalance in the human body, mechanistic data, and neurological symptoms were collected using in vivo mammalian studies and human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Nnena Ajibo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Chinna Nneka Orish
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome Viale Regina Elena, 29900161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Orish E Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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2
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Meng Y, Liu S, Yu M, Liang H, Tong Y, Song J, Shi J, Cai W, Wu Q, Wen Z, Wang J, Guo F. The Changes of Blood and CSF Ion Levels in Depressed Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5369-5403. [PMID: 38191692 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies and excesses are closely related to developing and treating depression. Traditional and effective antidepressants include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and lithium. There is no consensus on the fluctuation of zinc (Zn2+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), and manganese (Mn2+) ion levels in depressed individuals before and after therapy. In order to determine whether there were changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of these ions in depressed patients compared with healthy controls and depressed patients treated with TCAs, SSRIs, or lithium, we applied a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using the Stata 17.0 software, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the changes in ion levels in human samples from healthy controls, depressive patients, and patients treated with TCAs, SSRIs, and lithium, respectively. By searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WAN FANG databases, 75 published analyzable papers were chosen. In the blood, the levels of Zn2+ and Mg2+ in depressed patients had decreased while the Ca2+ and Cu2+ levels had increased compared to healthy controls, Fe2+ and Mn2+ levels have not significantly changed. After treatment with SSRIs, the levels of Zn2+ and Ca2+ in depressed patients increased while Cu2+ levels decreased. Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels were increased in depressed patients after Lithium treatment. The findings of the meta-analysis revealed that micronutrient levels were closely associated with the onset of depression and prompted more research into the underlying mechanisms as well as the pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hongyue Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ji Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhifeng Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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3
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Stojsavljević A, Jagodić J, Perović T, Manojlović D, Pavlović S. Changes of Target Essential Trace Elements in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1589. [PMID: 39062163 PMCID: PMC11274787 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, complex, and demyelinating disease closely associated with altered levels of trace elements. Although the first studies into the role of trace elements in MS were published in the 1970s, for five decades it has remained unknown whether trace elements can be part of this heterogeneous neurological disease. (2) Materials and methods: To drive toward at a potential solution, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate whether there were differences in circulating levels of neurologically important essential trace elements (Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, and Se) between MS cases and controls. (3) Results: This study revealed significantly lower serum/plasma Zn and Fe levels and higher Cu levels in MS-affected individuals compared to controls. At the same time, no significant differences were found between the MS cases and controls regarding their serum/plasma levels of Co, Mn, or Se. Thus, the loss of Fe and Zn should be considered in supplementation/nutrition strategies for MS patients. On the other hand, since high serum Cu levels indicate a burden on the bloodstreams of MS patients, Cu should be excluded from mineral supplement strategies. Furthermore, all three trace elements (Fe, Zn, and Cu) should be considered from an etiological point of view, and, most importantly, their levels in the bloodstreams of MS patients should be monitored. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the way for personalized and targeted strategies in the management of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- Innovation Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jagodić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (D.M.)
| | - Tatjana Perović
- Psychiatric Hospital, University Medical Center Zvezdara, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Serbian RE&CBT Centre, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (D.M.)
| | - Slađan Pavlović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
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4
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, Salgado-Cámara P, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Oxidative Stress Markers in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6289. [PMID: 38927996 PMCID: PMC11203935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not completely understood, but genetic factors, autoimmunity, inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration seem to play a significant role. Data from analyses of central nervous system autopsy material from patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, as well as from studies in the main experimental model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), suggest the possibility of a role of oxidative stress as well. In this narrative review, we summarize the main data from studies reported on oxidative stress markers in patients diagnosed with MS and in experimental models of MS (mainly EAE), and case-control association studies on the possible association of candidate genes related to oxidative stress with risk for MS. Most studies have shown an increase in markers of oxidative stress, a decrease in antioxidant substances, or both, with cerebrospinal fluid and serum/plasma malonyl-dialdehyde being the most reliable markers. This topic requires further prospective, multicenter studies with a long-term follow-up period involving a large number of patients with MS and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, E-28500 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.-N.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, E-28500 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.-N.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Paula Salgado-Cámara
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, E-28500 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.-N.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Elena García-Martín
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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5
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Armon-Omer A, Mansor T, Edelstein M, Bukovetzky E, Groisman L, Rorman E, Nov AS, Shahien R. Association between multiple sclerosis and urinary levels of toxic metals and organophosphates: A cross-sectional study in Israel. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 83:105445. [PMID: 38242049 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease of uncertain etiology damaging myelin sheaths around axons of the central nervous system. Myelin protects the axon from potentially harmful exogenous factors. The aetiological role of environmental exposure metals and organophosphates is unclear. OBJECTIVE Identify whether urinary levels of metals and organophosphates differed in MS patients and controls. METHODS We recruited MS patients from Ziv Medical Centre and healthy controls. MS patients were evaluated according to Expanded Disability Status Scale into mild and moderate-severe conditions. Each participant provided a urine sample and completed epidemiological questionnaires. The levels of six metal (Aluminum, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, Nickel) and one metalloid (Arsenic) and common organophosphates pesticide metabolites (6 dialkylphosphates, DAP) were measured in urine using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. We compared cases with controls in terms of urinary levels of these compounds using Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis tests. RESULTS Urinary cadmium and mercury levels were higher in the 49 MS patients than the 37 controls (p < 0.01). Cadmium levels were higher in moderate-severe MS patients (n = 24) than mild MS patients (n = 25) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Urinary cadmium and mercury levels were higher among MS patients than controls. Cadmium levels correlated with disease severity. Further studies are needed to explore potential causal pathways between these compounds and MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek Mansor
- Department of Neurology, Ziv Medical Center, Zefat, Israel
| | - Michael Edelstein
- Ziv Medical Center, Research Institute, Zefat, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
| | | | - Luda Groisman
- National Public Health Laboratories, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Rorman
- National Public Health Laboratories, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Radi Shahien
- Department of Neurology, Ziv Medical Center, Zefat, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Zefat, Israel.
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6
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Kola A, Nencioni F, Valensin D. Bioinorganic Chemistry of Micronutrients Related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:5467. [PMID: 37513339 PMCID: PMC10385134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are fundamental to guarantee the regular physiological activity of the human organism. Similarly, vitamins play a key role in many biological functions of the metabolism, among which are coenzymes, redox mediators, and antioxidants. Due to their importance in the human organism, both metals and vitamins have been extensively studied for their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). However, the full potential of the interaction between vitamins and metal ions has not been fully explored by researchers yet, and further investigation on this topic is needed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the scientific literature on the implications of vitamins and selected metal ions in two of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, vitamin-metal ion interactions are discussed in detail focusing on their bioinorganic chemistry, with the perspective of arousing more interest in this fascinating bioinorganic field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Valensin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.K.); (F.N.)
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7
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Zhao Y, Ray A, Portengen L, Vermeulen R, Peters S. Metal Exposure and Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1207-1223. [PMID: 37022311 PMCID: PMC10326611 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal exposure has been suggested as a possible environmental risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to systematically review the literature on the relationship between metal exposure and PD risk and to examine the overall quality of each study and the exposure assessment method. A total of 83 case-control studies and 5 cohort studies published during the period 1963-July 2021 were included, of which 73 were graded as being of low or moderate overall quality. Investigators in 69 studies adopted self-reported exposure and biomonitoring after disease diagnosis for exposure assessment approaches. The meta-analyses showed that concentrations of copper and iron in serum and concentrations of zinc in either serum or plasma were lower, while concentrations of magnesium in CSF and zinc in hair were higher, among PD cases as compared with controls. Cumulative lead levels in bone were found to be associated with increased risk of PD. We did not find associations between other metals and PD. The current level of evidence for associations between metals and PD risk is limited, as biases from methodological limitations cannot be ruled out. High-quality studies assessing metal levels before disease onset are needed to improve our understanding of the role of metals in the etiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susan Peters
- Correspondence to Dr. Susan Peters, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands (e-mail: )
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8
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Ścibior A, Llopis J, Dobrakowski PP, Męcik-Kronenberg T. CNS-Related Effects Caused by Vanadium at Realistic Exposure Levels in Humans: A Comprehensive Overview Supplemented with Selected Animal Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109004. [PMID: 37240351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, which are currently incurable diseases of the nervous system, are a constantly growing social concern. They are progressive and lead to gradual degeneration and/or death of nerve cells, resulting in cognitive deterioration or impaired motor functions. New therapies that would ensure better treatment results and contribute to a significant slowdown in the progression of neurodegenerative syndromes are constantly being sought. Vanadium (V), which is an element with a wide range of impacts on the mammalian organism, is at the forefront among the different metals studied for their potential therapeutic use. On the other hand, it is a well-known environmental and occupational pollutant and can exert adverse effects on human health. As a strong pro-oxidant, it can generate oxidative stress involved in neurodegeneration. Although the detrimental effects of vanadium on the CNS are relatively well recognized, the role of this metal in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, at realistic exposure levels in humans, is not yet well characterized. Hence, the main goal of this review is to summarize data on the neurological side effects/neurobehavioral alterations in humans, in relation to vanadium exposure, with the focus on the levels of this metal in biological fluids/brain tissues of subjects with some neurodegenerative syndromes. Data collected in the present review indicate that vanadium cannot be excluded as a factor playing a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative illnesses, and point to the need for additional extensive epidemiological studies that will provide more evidence supporting the relationship between vanadium exposure and neurodegeneration in humans. Simultaneously, the reviewed data, clearly showing the environmental impact of vanadium on health, suggest that more attention should be paid to chronic diseases related to vanadium and to the assessment of the dose-response relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów St. 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Juan Llopis
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Spain
- Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Paweł Piotr Dobrakowski
- Psychology Institute, Humanitas University in Sosnowiec, Jana Kilińskiego St. 43, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 3 Maja St. 13, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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9
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Wang B, Fang T, Chen H. Zinc and Central Nervous System Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:2140. [PMID: 37432243 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) is the second most abundant necessary trace element in the human body, exerting a critical role in many physiological processes such as cellular proliferation, transcription, apoptosis, growth, immunity, and wound healing. It is an essential catalyst ion for many enzymes and transcription factors. The maintenance of Zn2+ homeostasis is essential for the central nervous system, in which Zn2+ is abundantly distributed and accumulates in presynaptic vesicles. Synaptic Zn2+ is necessary for neural transmission, playing a pivotal role in neurogenesis, cognition, memory, and learning. Emerging data suggest that disruption of Zn2+ homeostasis is associated with several central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Here, we reviewed the correlation between Zn2+ and these central nervous system disorders. The potential mechanisms were also included. We hope that this review can provide new clues for the prevention and treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tianshu Fang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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10
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Babić Leko M, Langer Horvat L, Španić Popovački E, Zubčić K, Hof PR, Šimić G. Metals in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1161. [PMID: 37189779 PMCID: PMC10136077 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of metals in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still debated. Although previous research has linked changes in essential metal homeostasis and exposure to environmental heavy metals to the pathogenesis of AD, more research is needed to determine the relationship between metals and AD. In this review, we included human studies that (1) compared the metal concentrations between AD patients and healthy controls, (2) correlated concentrations of AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers with metal concentrations, and (3) used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential metal contributions to AD risk. Although many studies have examined various metals in dementia patients, understanding the dynamics of metals in these patients remains difficult due to considerable inconsistencies among the results of individual studies. The most consistent findings were for Zn and Cu, with most studies observing a decrease in Zn levels and an increase in Cu levels in AD patients. However, several studies found no such relation. Because few studies have compared metal levels with biomarker levels in the CSF of AD patients, more research of this type is required. Given that MR is revolutionizing epidemiologic research, additional MR studies that include participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds to assess the causal relationship between metals and AD risk are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lea Langer Horvat
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Španić Popovački
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Zubčić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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The Relationships Among Metal Homeostasis, Mitochondria, and Locus Coeruleus in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Potential Pathogenetic Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:963-989. [PMID: 35635600 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
While alterations in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system are present during early stages of neuropsychiatric disorders, it is unclear what causes these changes and how they contribute to other pathologies in these conditions. Data suggest that the onset of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia is associated with metal dyshomeostasis that causes glial cell mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperactivation in the locus coeruleus. The effect of the overactive locus coeruleus on the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex can be responsible for some of the psychiatric symptoms. Although locus coeruleus overactivation may diminish over time, neuroinflammation-induced alterations are presumably ongoing due to continued metal dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In early Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, metal dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction likely induce locus coeruleus hyperactivation, pathological tau or α-synuclein formation, and neurodegeneration, while reduction of glymphatic and cerebrospinal fluid flow might be responsible for β-amyloid aggregation in the olfactory regions before the onset of dementia. It is possible that the overactive noradrenergic system stimulates the apoptosis signaling pathway and pathogenic protein formation, leading to further pathological changes which can occur in the presence or absence of locus coeruleus hypoactivation. Data are presented in this review indicating that although locus coeruleus hyperactivation is involved in pathological changes at prodromal and early stages of these neuropsychiatric disorders, metal dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction are critical factors in maintaining ongoing neuropathology throughout the course of these conditions. The proposed mechanistic model includes multiple pharmacological sites that may be targeted for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders commonly.
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12
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Revisiting the Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020415. [PMID: 36829974 PMCID: PMC9952129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory loss, impaired learning and thinking, and difficulty in performing regular daily activities. Despite nearly two decades of collective efforts to develop novel medications that can prevent or halt the disease progression, we remain faced with only a few options with limited effectiveness. There has been a recent growth of interest in the role of nutrition in brain health as we begin to gain a better understanding of what and how nutrients affect hormonal and neural actions that not only can lead to typical cardiovascular or metabolic diseases but also an array of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients, are elements that are indispensable for functions including nutrient metabolism, immune surveillance, cell development, neurotransmission, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we provide an overview on some of the most common vitamins and minerals and discuss what current studies have revealed on the link between these essential micronutrients and cognitive performance or AD.
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13
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Li K, Li A, Mei Y, Zhao J, Zhou Q, Li Y, Yang M, Xu Q. Trace elements and Alzheimer dementia in population-based studies: A bibliometric and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120782. [PMID: 36464120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the concentrations of trace elements may play a vital role in Alzheimer dementia progression. However, previous research results are inconsistent, and there is still a lack of review on the relationship between all the studied-trace elements and AD from various perspectives of population-based studies. In this study, we systematically reviewed previous population-based studies and identified the altered trace elements in AD patients. We searched the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus database, and ultimately included 73 articles. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to explore the evolution of the field from an epidemiological perspective. Bibliometric data such as trace elements, biological materials, detection methods, cognitive tests, co-occurrence and co-citation statistics are all analyzed and presented in a quantitative manner. The 73 included studies analyzed 39 trace elements in total. In a further meta-analysis, standardized mean differences (SMDs) of 13 elements were calculated to evaluate their altered in AD patients, including copper, iron, zinc, selenium, manganese, lead, aluminum, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, mercury, cobalt, and manganese. We identified four trace elements-copper (serum), iron (plasma), zinc (hair), and selenium (plasma)-altered in AD patients, with SMDs of 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10, 0.65), -0.68 (95% CI: -1.34, -0.02), -0.35 (95% CI: -0.62, -0.08), and -0.61 (95% CI: -0.97, -0.25), respectively. Finally, we formed a database of various trace element levels in AD patients and healthy controls. Our study can help future researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of the advancements in the field, and our results provide comprehensive population-based data for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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14
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Potentially toxic elements in the brains of people with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:655. [PMID: 36635465 PMCID: PMC9837144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements such as lead and aluminium have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), since their neurotoxic mechanisms mimic many of the pathogenetic processes in MS. We therefore examined the distribution of several potentially toxic elements in the autopsied brains of people with and without MS, using two methods of elemental bio-imaging. Toxicants detected in the locus ceruleus were used as indicators of past exposures. Autometallography of paraffin sections from multiple brain regions of 21 MS patients and 109 controls detected inorganic mercury, silver, or bismuth in many locus ceruleus neurons of both groups, and in widespread blood vessels, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons of four MS patients and one control. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging of pons paraffin sections from all MS patients and 12 controls showed that combinations of iron, silver, lead, aluminium, mercury, nickel, and bismuth were present more often in the locus ceruleus of MS patients and were located predominantly in white matter tracts. Based on these results, we propose that metal toxicants in locus ceruleus neurons weaken the blood-brain barrier, enabling multiple interacting toxicants to pass through blood vessels and enter astrocytes and oligodendroglia, leading to demyelination.
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15
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Anyachor CP, Dooka DB, Orish CN, Amadi CN, Bocca B, Ruggieri F, Senofonte M, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Mechanistic considerations and biomarkers level in nickel-induced neurodegenerative diseases: An updated systematic review. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:136-146. [PMID: 35989698 PMCID: PMC9382260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment has been implicated to be a strong determinant of brain health with higher risk of neurodegeneration. The drastic rise in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), multiple sclerosis (MS) etc., supports the idea that environmental factors may play a major role in NDDs aetiology. Nickel is one of the listed environmental metals reported to pose a serious threat to human health. This paper reported available studies on nickel level in NDDs covering both animal and human studies. Different databases were searched for articles reporting the main neurotoxicity mechanisms and the concentration of nickel in fluids and tissues of NDDs patients compared to controls. Data were extracted and synthesized by ensuring the articles were related to nickel and NDDs. Various mechanisms were reported as oxidative stress, disturbances in mitochondrial membrane potential, trace elements homeostasis destabilization, etc. Nickel was found elevated in biological fluids as blood, serum/plasma and CSF and in the brain of NDDs, as a consequence of unintentional exposure thorough nickel-contaminated air, food, water, and skin contact. In addition, after exposure to nickel, the concentration of markers of lipid peroxidation were increased, while some antioxidant defence systems decreased. Thus, the reduction in the exposure to nickel contaminant may hold a promise in reducing the incidence of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma Promise Anyachor
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Donatus Baridoo Dooka
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Chinna Nneka Orish
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Senofonte
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome Viale Regina Elena, 29900161 Roma, Italy
| | - Orish E. Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Ptaszek B, Podsiadło S, Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Maciejczyk M, Teległów A. Effect of Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Iron Status and Biomarkers of Neuroplasticity in Multiple Sclerosis Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091681. [PMID: 36141293 PMCID: PMC9498764 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of a series of 20 whole body cryotherapy (WBC) sessions on iron levels and neuroplasticity biomarkers in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy women. Consent was obtained from the Bioethics Committee at the Regional Medical Chamber in Krakow (87/KBL/OIL/2018; 8 May 2018). The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620001142921; 2 November 2020). The study included 30 people: 15 women with multiple sclerosis (mean age 41.53 ± 6.98 years) and 15 healthy women (mean age 38.47 ± 6.0 years). Both groups attended cryotherapy sessions. Venous blood was collected for analysis before the WBC session and after 20 sessions. In women with MS and healthy women, no significant effect of WBC on changes in the level biomarkers of neuroplasticity was found. There were also no statistically significant differences between the groups of the analyzed indices at the beginning of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Ptaszek
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Szymon Podsiadło
- Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig
- Institute of Basic Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Teległów
- Institute of Basic Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
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Rafiee A, Delgado-Saborit JM, Aquilina NJ, Amiri H, Hoseini M. Assessing oxidative stress resulting from environmental exposure to metals (Oids) in a middle Eastern population. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2649-2668. [PMID: 34390449 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of metals and metalloids derived mainly from anthropogenic activities have increased considerably in the environment. Metals might be associated with increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage, potentially related to several health outcomes. This study has recruited 200 adult participants, including 110 males and 90 females in Shiraz (Iran), to investigate the relationship between chronic exposure to metals and ROS damage by analyzing malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations, and has evaluated the associations between chronic metal exposure and ROS damage using regression analysis. Our findings showed participants are chronically exposed to elevate As, Ni, Hg, and Pb levels. The mean urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were 3.8 ± 2.35 and 214 ± 134 µg/g creatinine, respectively. This study shows that most heavy metals are correlated with urinary ROS biomarkers (R ranges 0.19 to 0.64). In addition, regression analysis accounting for other confounding factors such as sex, age, smoking status, and teeth filling with amalgam highlights that Al, Cu, Si and Sn are associated with 8-OHdG concentrations, while an association between Cr and MDA and 8-OHdG is suggested. Smoking cigarettes and water-pipe is considered a significant contributory factor for both ROS biomarkers (MDA and 8-OHdG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
- Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Analytical Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Noel J Aquilina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malta, Msida, 2080, MSD, Malta
| | - Hoda Amiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi blvd, Kuye Zahra Street, Shiraz, Iran.
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18
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Gao H, Sun H, Yan N, Zhao P, Xu H, Zheng W, Zhang X, Wang T, Guo C, Zhong M. ATP13A2 Declines Zinc-Induced Accumulation of α-Synuclein in a Parkinson’s Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148035. [PMID: 35887392 PMCID: PMC9318580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies caused by α-synuclein. The imbalance of zinc homeostasis is a major cause of PD, promoting α-synuclein accumulation. ATP13A2, a transporter found in acidic vesicles, plays an important role in Zn2+ homeostasis and is highly expressed in Lewy bodies in PD-surviving neurons. ATP13A2 is involved in the transport of zinc ions in lysosomes and exosomes and inhibits the aggregation of α-synuclein. However, the potential mechanism underlying the regulation of zinc homeostasis and α-synuclein accumulation by ATP13A2 remains unexplored. We used α-synuclein-GFP transgenic mice and HEK293 α-synuclein-DsRed cell line as models. The spatial exploration behavior of mice was significantly reduced, and phosphorylation levels of α-synuclein increased upon high Zn2+ treatment. High Zn2+ also inhibited the autophagy pathway by reducing LAMP2a levels and changing the expression of LC3 and P62, by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing the expression of cytochrom C, and by activating the ERK/P38 apoptosis signaling pathway, ultimately leading to increased caspase 3 levels. These protein changes were reversed after ATP13A2 overexpression, whereas ATP13A2 knockout exacerbated α-synuclein phosphorylation levels. These results suggest that ATP13A2 may have a protective effect on Zn2+-induced abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein, lysosomal dysfunction, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; (H.G.); (H.S.); (P.Z.); (T.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Hehong Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; (H.G.); (H.S.); (P.Z.); (T.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Nan Yan
- School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China;
| | - Pu Zhao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; (H.G.); (H.S.); (P.Z.); (T.W.); (C.G.)
| | - He Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; (H.G.); (H.S.); (P.Z.); (T.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; (H.G.); (H.S.); (P.Z.); (T.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Manli Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; (H.G.); (H.S.); (P.Z.); (T.W.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Mohamed SR, Fadl HA, Tork I, Omar T, El-Barrany U, Elshatory A. Complex Profile of Altered Heavy Metals Accumulation in Multiple Sclerosis, a Relationship with Copper and Zinc Homeostasis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system white matter. Both of environmental and genetic factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Heavy metals generate free radicals causing alteration in genetic material and blood-brain barrier damage. In addition, intracellular accumulation of certain heavy metals can trigger autoimmune reaction against myelin proteins and nerves cytoskeletal proteins.
AIM: We aimed to analyse complex profile of altered heavy metals accumulation in multiple sclerosis and relationship with copper and zinc homeostasis.
METHODS: The present study was carried out in the period between September 2019 and May 2021 on 86 MS Egyptian patients and 86 age and gender matched healthy controls. Whole blood levels of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and Cadmium (Cd) in microgram/liter (μg/L) in addition to Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in milligram/liter (mg/L) were quantitated using the Agilent ICP-MS-MS. The current study also discussed physiological-toxic metals interactions in these patients.
RESULTS: We demonstrated significant relations between toxic heavy metals levels and MS suggested by significantly higher levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd and significantly lower levels of Zn and Cu as well as Cu/ Zn in MS patients than controls. Besides, it could be assumed that; physiological heavy metals homeostasis limits the accumulation of toxic heavy metals that share absorption and transport binding sites, suggested by the significant negative correlations between whole blood levels of Cu and both of Hg and Pb.
CONCLUSION: A complex profile of altered elements rather than a single element imbalance in MS pathogenesis is suggested.
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González-Madrid E, Rangel-Ramírez MA, Mendoza-León MJ, Álvarez-Mardones O, González PA, Kalergis AM, Opazo MC, Riedel CA. Risk Factors from Pregnancy to Adulthood in Multiple Sclerosis Outcome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137080. [PMID: 35806081 PMCID: PMC9266360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a robust inflammatory response against myelin sheath antigens, which causes astrocyte and microglial activation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple genetic predispositions and environmental factors are known to influence the immune response in autoimmune diseases, such as MS, and in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Although the predisposition to suffer from MS seems to be a multifactorial process, a highly sensitive period is pregnancy due to factors that alter the development and differentiation of the CNS and the immune system, which increases the offspring’s susceptibility to develop MS. In this regard, there is evidence that thyroid hormone deficiency during gestation, such as hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia, may increase susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as MS. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the gestational period for the development of MS in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Madrid
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Ma. Andreina Rangel-Ramírez
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - María José Mendoza-León
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Oscar Álvarez-Mardones
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ma. Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Manuel Montt 948, Providencia 7500000, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Knyszyńska A, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Koziarska D, Stachowska L, Kotwas A, Kulaszyńska M, Lubkowska A, Karakiewicz B. Searching for the Relationship between the Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Blood and the Clinical Course of Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116548. [PMID: 35682135 PMCID: PMC9180468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Of all environmental pollutants, heavy metals have the most detrimental effect on public health because they remain in the ecosystem and are not biodegradable. The neurotoxicity of heavy metals, including cadmium and lead, has been well documented, and blood levels of heavy metals serve as a biomarker of exposure, reflecting their content in soft tissues. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenesis of MS is complex and relies on the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to search for the relationship between the values of cadmium and lead concentration in the blood and the health history and functional status of patients with MS. (2) Methods: The study group consisted of 151 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MS. Determination of the presence of tested elements in serum was performed using an ELAN DRC-e ICP mass spectrometer. (3) Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated that an increase in the level of cadmium was accompanied by an increase in the level of lead. There was no significant correlation between the blood lead concentration and the functional status assessed by EDSS among patients with MS in Poland. However, a tendency towards worse functional status of patients with higher blood lead concentration (p = 0.07) was demonstrated. Patients who experienced first MS symptoms at older age had higher blood levels of the tested metals. (4) Conclusions: The concentrations of cadmium and lead in the blood of MS patients in Poland were not factors differentiating their functional status and the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Knyszyńska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (L.S.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Koziarska
- Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 72-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Laura Stachowska
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (L.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Artur Kotwas
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Monika Kulaszyńska
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (L.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (B.K.)
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Abstract
Amyloids are organized suprastructural polypeptide arrangements. The prevalence of amyloid-related processes of pathophysiological relevance has been linked to aging-related degenerative diseases. Besides the role of genetic polymorphisms on the relative risk of amyloid diseases, the contributions of nongenetic ontogenic cluster of factors remain elusive. In recent decades, mounting evidences have been suggesting the role of essential micronutrients, in particular transition metals, in the regulation of amyloidogenic processes, both directly (such as binding to amyloid proteins) or indirectly (such as regulating regulatory partners, processing enzymes, and membrane transporters). The features of transition metals as regulatory cofactors of amyloid proteins and the consequences of metal dyshomeostasis in triggering amyloidogenic processes, as well as the evidences showing amelioration of symptoms by dietary supplementation, suggest an exaptative role of metals in regulating amyloid pathways. The self- and cross-talk replicative nature of these amyloid processes along with their systemic distribution support the concept of their metastatic nature. The role of amyloidosis as nutrient sensors would act as intra- and transgenerational epigenetic metabolic programming factors determining health span and life span, viability, which could participate as an evolutive selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Maurício T R Lima
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - pbiotech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory for Macromolecules (LAMAC-DIMAV), National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tháyna Sisnande
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - pbiotech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Du K, Zheng X, Ma ZT, Lv JY, Jiang WJ, Liu MY. Association of Circulating Magnesium Levels in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease From 1991 to 2021: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:799824. [PMID: 35082658 PMCID: PMC8784804 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.799824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a medical and social challenge worldwide. Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most frequently evaluated essential minerals with diverse biological functions in human body. However, the association between circulating Mg levels and AD remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of 21 studies published between 1991 and 2021 to determine whether the Mg levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are abnormal in AD. Literatures were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data without language limitations. A pooled subject sample including 1,112 AD patients and 1,001 healthy controls (HCs) was available to assess Mg levels in serum and plasma; 284 AD patients and 117 HCs were included for Mg levels in CSF. It was found that serum and plasma levels of Mg were significantly reduced in AD patients compared with HCs (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.36, -0.43]; P = 0.000). There was statistically non-significant for Mg level in CSF between AD and HCs, whereas a decreased tendency were detected (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI [-0.50, 0.18]; P = 0.364). .In addition, when we analyzed the Mg levels of serum, plasma and CSF together, the circulating Mg levels in AD patients was significantly lower (SMD = -0.74, 95% CI [-1.13; -0.35]; P = 0.000). These results indicate that Mg deficiency may be a risk factor of AD and Mg supplementation may be a potentially valuable adjunctive treatment for AD. Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration number CRD42021254557.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Tai Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Ya Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Juan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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24
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Nirooei E, Kashani SMA, Owrangi S, Malekpour F, Niknam M, Moazzen F, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Farzinmehr S, Akbari H. Blood Trace Element Status in Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:13-26. [PMID: 33611740 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether the blood concentrations of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with those of the healthy control group in terms of trace elements including zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu). A comprehensive search was performed in online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for studies, which have addressed trace elements in MS up to July 23, 2020. The chi-square test and I2 statistic were utilized to evaluate inter-study heterogeneity across the included studies. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and corresponding 95% CI were considered as a pooled effect size (ES). Twenty-seven articles (or 32 studies) with a total sample comprised of 2895 participants (MS patients (n = 1567) and controls (n = 1328)) were included. Pooled results using random-effects model indicated that the levels of Zn (WMD = - 7.83 mcg/dl, 95% CI = - 12.78 to - 2.87, Z = 3.09, P = 0.002), and Fe (WMD = - 13.66 mcg/dl, 95% CI = - 23.13 to - 4.19, Z = 2.83, P = 0.005) were significantly lower in MS patients than in controls. However, it was found that levels of Mn (WMD = 0.03 mcg/dl, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.04, Z = 2.89, P = 0.004) were significantly higher in MS patients. Yet, no significant differences were observed in the levels of Mg, Se, and Cu between both groups. This meta-analysis revealed that the circulating levels of Zn and Fe were significantly lower in MS patients and that Mn level was significantly higher than those in the control group. However, it was found that there was no significant difference between MS patients and controls with regard to levels of Mg, Se, and Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Nirooei
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Soroor Owrangi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Malekpour
- Family Medicine Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moazzen
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somaye Farzinmehr
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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25
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Antimony-induced astrocyte activation via mitogen-activated protein kinase activation-dependent CREB phosphorylation. Toxicol Lett 2021; 352:9-16. [PMID: 34571074 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the chemical element antimony (Sb) is neurotoxic; however, the molecular mechanisms behind Sb-related neuronal damage are currently unknown. In this study, we found that Sb exposure promoted astrocyte proliferation and increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), two key protein markers of reactive astrogliosis, at both the gene and protein level, suggesting that Sb induced astrocyte activation. Moreover, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathways were activated following Sb exposure. Inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced Sb-induced iNOS and GFAP upregulation, while inhibiting ERK reduced GFAP expression only, in Sb-exposed C6 cells. Sb treatment also induced the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), and the inhibition of CREB caused a reduction in Sb-induced GFAP and iNOS expression. Furthermore, inhibiting both p38 MAPK and ERK effectively alleviated CREB phosphorylation in Sb-exposed C6 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that p38 MAPK and ERK activation mediate Sb-induced astrocyte activation through CREB phosphorylation. These results help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying Sb-associated neurotoxicity.
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26
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Decreased Cerebrospinal Fluid Antioxidative Capacity Is Related to Disease Severity and Progression in Early Multiple Sclerosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091264. [PMID: 34572477 PMCID: PMC8472420 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) results from an imbalance between toxic free radicals and counteracting antioxidants, i.e., antioxidative capacity (AOC). The relation of AOC to outcome measures in MS still remains inconclusive. We aimed to compare AOC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum between early MS and controls and assess its correlation with clinical/radiological measures. Methods: We determined AOC (ability of CSF and serum of patients to inhibit 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced oxidation of dihydrorhodamine) in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)/early relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (n = 55/11) and non-inflammatory neurological controls (n = 67). MS patients underwent clinical follow-up (median, 4.5; IQR, 5.2 years) and brain MRI at 3 T (baseline/follow-up n = 47/34; median time interval, 3.5; IQR, 2.1 years) to determine subclinical disease activity. Results: CSF AOC was differently regulated among CIS, RRMS and controls (p = 0.031) and lower in RRMS vs. CIS (p = 0.020). Lower CSF AOC correlated with physical disability (r = −0.365, p = 0.004) and risk for future relapses (exp(β) = 0.929, p = 0.033). No correlations with MRI metrics were found. Conclusion: Decreased CSF AOC was associated with increased disability and clinical disease activity in MS. While our finding cannot prove causation, they should prompt further investigations into the role of AOC in the evolution of MS.
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27
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Squitti R, Ventriglia M, Simonelli I, Bonvicini C, Costa A, Perini G, Binetti G, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Koch G, Borroni B, Albanese A, Sensi SL, Rongioletti M. Copper Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease: Meta-Analysis of Serum, Plasma, and Brain Specimens, and Replication Study Evaluating ATP7B Gene Variants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:960. [PMID: 34209820 PMCID: PMC8301962 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) show signs of copper (Cu) dyshomeostasis. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of Cu dysregulation as an AD susceptibility factor. We performed a meta-analysis of 56 studies investigating Cu biomarkers in brain specimens (pooled total of 182 AD and 166 healthy controls, HC) and in serum/plasma (pooled total of 2929 AD and 3547 HC). We also completed a replication study of serum Cu biomarkers in 97 AD patients and 70 HC screened for rs732774 and rs1061472 ATP7B, the gene encoding for the Cu transporter ATPase7B. Our meta-analysis showed decreased Cu in AD brain specimens, increased Cu and nonbound ceruloplasmin (Non-Cp) Cu in serum/plasma samples, and unchanged ceruloplasmin. Serum/plasma Cu excess was associated with a three to fourfold increase in the risk of having AD. Our replication study confirmed meta-analysis results and showed that carriers of the ATP7B AG haplotype were significantly more frequent in the AD group. Overall, our study shows that AD patients fail to maintain a Cu metabolic balance and reveals the presence of a percentage of AD patients carrying ATP7B AG haplotype and presenting Non-Cp Cu excess, which suggest that a subset of AD subjects is prone to Cu imbalance. This AD subtype can be the target of precision medicine-based strategies tackling Cu dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.)
- Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Perini
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.)
- Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alberto Albanese
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano L. Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Mind Impairments and Neurological Disorders—iMIND, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy;
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28
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Synaptic Zinc: An Emerging Player in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094724. [PMID: 33946908 PMCID: PMC8125092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of zinc homeostasis have long been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). Zinc plays a complex role as both deficiency and excess of intracellular zinc levels have been incriminated in the pathophysiology of the disease. Besides its role in multiple cellular functions, Zn2+ also acts as a synaptic transmitter in the brain. In the forebrain, subset of glutamatergic neurons, namely cortical neurons projecting to the striatum, use Zn2+ as a messenger alongside glutamate. Overactivation of the cortico-striatal glutamatergic system is a key feature contributing to the development of PD symptoms and dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Here, we will cover recent evidence implicating synaptic Zn2+ in the pathophysiology of PD and discuss its potential mechanisms of actions. Emphasis will be placed on the functional interaction between Zn2+ and glutamatergic NMDA receptors, the most extensively studied synaptic target of Zn2+.
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29
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Sahin Z, Ozkurkculer A, Kalkan OF, Ozkaya A, Koc A, Ozen Koca R, Solak H, Solak Gormus ZI, Kutlu S. Investigation of Effects of Two Chronic Stress Protocols on Depression-Like Behaviors and Brain Mineral Levels in Female Rats: an Evaluation of 7-Day Immobilization Stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:660-667. [PMID: 32328969 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on depression-related behaviors and brain mineral levels. Adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups as follows (n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 min daily for 7 days), and immobilization stress-2 (45 min twice a day for 7 day). Stress-related behavior was evaluated by means of the forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT). Minerals were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. In the FST, swimming and immobility were significantly lower in the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups. The climbing duration of the immobilization stress-2 group was higher than the control group. In the OFT, percentage of time spent in the central area was significantly lower in the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups. Values of latency to center area, rearing, and grooming did not significantly differ between groups. In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc was lower, and iron, copper, and manganese were higher than the control group. In the immobilization stress-2 group, copper and manganese were higher, and phosphate was lower than the control group. Our results showed that depression-related behaviors were more dominant in the immobilization stress-1 group. A decrease in the brain zinc level was valid only for the immobilization stress-1 group. These results point to the role of low brain zinc levels in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - A Ozkurkculer
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - O F Kalkan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - A Ozkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - A Koc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - R Ozen Koca
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - H Solak
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Z I Solak Gormus
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - S Kutlu
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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30
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Zhou J, Jangili P, Son S, Ji MS, Won M, Kim JS. Fluorescent Diagnostic Probes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001945. [PMID: 32902000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating disorders that feature progressive and selective loss of function or structure of anatomically or physiologically associated neuronal systems. Both chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality along with the death of neurons in different areas of the brain; moreover, there are few or no effective curative therapy options for treating these disorders. There is an urgent need to diagnose neurodegenerative disease as early as possible, and to distinguish between different disorders with overlapping symptoms that will help to decide the best clinical treatment. Recently, in neurodegenerative disease research, fluorescent-probe-mediated biomarker visualization techniques have been gaining increasing attention for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. A survey of fluorescent probes for sensing and imaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases is provided. These imaging probes are categorized based on the different potential biomarkers of various neurodegenerative diseases, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Guides to develop new sensing strategies, recognition mechanisms, as well as the ideal features to further improve neurodegenerative disease fluorescence imaging are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Paramesh Jangili
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Subin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Myung Sun Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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31
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Sharma S, Wakode S, Sharma A, Nair N, Dhobi M, Wani MA, Pottoo FH. Effect of environmental toxicants on neuronal functions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44906-44921. [PMID: 32996088 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) have attracted attention due to their high prevalence worldwide. Environmental factors may be one of the biggest reasons for these diseases related to neuronal dysfunctions. Most of neuronal disorders are strongly associated with pre- and postnatal exposure to environmental toxins released from industries. Some of the neurotoxic metals such as lead, aluminum, mercury, manganese, cadmium, and arsenic as well as some pesticides and metal-based nanoparticles have been involved in AD and PD due to their ability to produce senile/amyloid plaques and NFTs which are the main feature of these neuronal dysfunctions. Exposure to solvents is also majorly responsible for neurodegenerative disorders. The present review highlights the impact of omnipresent heavy metals with some other neurotoxins on human health and how they give rise to neuronal dysfunctions which in turn causes socio-economic consequences due to increasing pollution worldwide. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-3, MB road, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sharad Wakode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-3, MB road, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-3, MB road, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Nisha Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-3, MB road, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-3, MB road, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 163, Maniktala Main road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.BOX 1982, Damman, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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32
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Dales JP, Desplat-Jégo S. Metal Imbalance in Neurodegenerative Diseases with a Specific Concern to the Brain of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9105. [PMID: 33266021 PMCID: PMC7730295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that deregulation of metals contributes to a vast range of neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) manifesting disability and neurological symptoms. The precise origin of MS is unknown, but the disease is characterized by focal inflammatory lesions in the CNS associated with an autoimmune reaction against myelin. The treatment of this disease has mainly been based on the prescription of immunosuppressive and immune-modulating agents. However, the rate of progressive disability and early mortality is still worrisome. Metals may represent new diagnostic and predictive markers of severity and disability as well as innovative candidate drug targets for future therapies. In this review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding on the role of metals in brain disorders of neurodegenerative diseases and MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Dales
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology, CNRS, INP, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Pavillon Etoile, Pôle de Biologie, Service d’anatomie-pathologie, CEDEX 20, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Desplat-Jégo
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology, CNRS, INP, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, Pôle de Biologie, Service d’Immunologie, 13005 Marseille, France
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33
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Jankovska E, Lipcseyova D, Svrdlikova M, Pavelcova M, Kubala Havrdova E, Holada K, Petrak J. Quantitative proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid of women newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:724-734. [PMID: 33059501 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1837801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lack of reliable diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS) is the major obstacle to timely and accurate patient diagnosis in MS patients. To identify new proteins associated with MS we performed a detailed proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients newly diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and healthy controls. MATERIAL Reflecting significantly higher prevalence of MS in women we included only women patients and controls in the study. To eliminate a potential effect of therapy on the CSF composition, only the therapy-naïve patients were included. METHODS Pooled CSF samples were processed in a technical duplicate, and labeled with stable-isotope coded TMT tags. To maximize the proteome coverage, peptide fractionation using 2D-LC preceded mass analysis using Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer. Differential concentration of selected identified proteins between patients and controls was verified using specific antibodies. RESULTS Of the identified 900 CSF proteins, we found 69 proteins to be differentially abundant between patients and controls. In addition to several proteins identified as differentially abundant in MS patients previously, we observed several linked to MS for the first time, namely eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and Nogo receptor. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm differential abundance of several previously proposed protein markers, and provide indirect support for involvement of copper-iron disbalance in MS. Most importantly, we identified two new differentially abundant CSF proteins that seem to be directly connected with myelin loss and axonal damage via TLR2 signaling and Nogo-receptor pathway in women newly diagnosed with RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Jankovska
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Lipcseyova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Svrdlikova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Pavelcova
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Holada
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Petrak
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
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Sahin Z, Ozkurkculer A, Kalkan OF, Ozkaya A, Koc A, Koca RO, Solak H, Gormus ZIS, Kutlu S. Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:349-356. [PMID: 32954971 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows (n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Ozkurkculer
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Kalkan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Aynur Koc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Raviye Ozen Koca
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Solak
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Selim Kutlu
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Sarmadi M, Bidel Z, Najafi F, Ramakrishnan R, Teymoori F, Zarmehri HA, Nazarzadeh M. Copper concentration in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 45:102426. [PMID: 32799121 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide range of risk factors, from genetic to environmental, have been identified to play role in the etiology of multiple sclerosis. However, the role of trace element remains mostly unknown. We sought to combine all available evidence to assess the association between copper concentration and multiple sclerosis. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched since inception till July 2020. Observational studies that assessed copper as exposure in serum, plasma, whole blood, and cerebrospinal fluid were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD), comparing the mean of copper concentration in multiple sclerosis patients versus healthy controls, were considered as the measure of association. The fixed-effect model with inverse variance weighting was used to combine the findings. RESULTS Twenty studies inclusive of 797 multiple sclerosis cases and 875 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis (all case-control studies). The combined SMDs were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95 to 1.55, number of included studies [n]=4) in plasma, 0.45 (CI 0.22 to 0.68, n=4) in whole blood, 0.19 (CI 0.06 to 0.33, n=12) in blood serum and 1.23 (CI 0.83 to 1.64, n=4) in cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSIONS We found a higher concentration of copper in multiple sclerosis patients than healthy controls. The possible causal nature of the observed associations warrants further investigation with prospective data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sarmadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bidel
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Fereshteh Najafi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Rema Ramakrishnan
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Azhdari Zarmehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Milad Nazarzadeh
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
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A preliminary study of the concentration of metallic elements in the blood of patients with multiple sclerosis as measured by ICP-MS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13112. [PMID: 32753601 PMCID: PMC7403292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that multiple sclerosis (MS) affects 35,000 Brazilians and 2.5 million individuals worldwide. Many studies have suggested a possible role of metallic elements in the etiology of MS, but their concentration in the blood of MS patients is nonetheless little investigated in Brazil. In this work, these elements were studied through Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), whose analysis provides a tool to quantify the concentrations of metal elements in the blood samples of individuals with neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to compare the concentration of metallic elements in blood samples from patients with MS and healthy individuals. Blood was collected from 30 patients with multiple sclerosis and compared with the control group. Blood samples were digested in closed vessels using a microwave and ICP-MS was used to determine the concentrations of 12 metallic elements (Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn). In MS patients, we observed a reduction in the concentrations of beryllium, copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, magnesium and iron. The mean concentration of lead in blood was significantly elevated in the MS group. However, no difference was observed in the concentrations of Mo, Ba, Ca and Zn in blood samples from MS patients and the control group. According to our data, there is a possible role for the concentrations of 8 of the 12 evaluated metallic elements in multiple sclerosis. Abnormalities in transition metals levels in biological matrices have been reported in several neurological diseases.
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Agresti C, Mechelli R, Olla S, Veroni C, Eleuteri C, Ristori G, Salvetti M. Oxidative Status in Multiple Sclerosis and Off-Targets of Antioxidants: The Case of Edaravone. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2095-2105. [PMID: 30678613 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190124122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration, with a complex and still to be clarified aetiology. Several data, coming from patients' samples and from animal models, show that Oxidative Status (OS) plays an important role in MS pathogenesis. Overproduction of reactive oxidative species by macrophages/microglia can bring about cellular injury and ensuing cell death by oxidizing cardinal cellular components. Oxidized molecules are present in active MS lesions and are associated with neurodegeneration. METHODS We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature focusing on OS in MS. The contents of the selected papers were described in the context of a conceptual framework. A special emphasis was given to the results of our study in the field. RESULTS The results of our three recent studies were put in the context and discussed taking into account the literature on the topic. Oxidative damage underpinned an imbalance shared by MS and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. In people with clinically isolated syndrome (an early phase of MS) oxidative stress proved to contribute to disease pathophysiology and to provide biomarkers that may help predict disease evolution. A drug screening platform based on multiple assays to test the remyelinating potential of library of approved compounds showed two anti-oxidants, edaravone and 5-methyl-7- methoxyisoflavone, as active drugs. Moreover, an analysis of 'structure activity relationship' showed off-targets sites of these compounds that accounted for their remyelinating activity, irrespective of their antioxidant action. CONCLUSION Overall, edaravone emerges as a candidate to treat complex disease such as MS, where inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration contribute to disease progression, together or individually, in different phases and disease types. Furthermore, approaches based on drug repositioning seem to maintain the promise of helping discover novel treatment for complex diseases, where molecular targets are largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Agresti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.,Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Olla
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Caterina Veroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Eleuteri
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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Nakagawa Y, Yamada S. Metal homeostasis disturbances in neurodegenerative disorders, with special emphasis on Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Potential pathogenetic mechanism and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 207:107455. [PMID: 31863817 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is characterized by a rapidly progressive dementia often accompanied by myoclonus and other signs of brain dysfunction, relying on the conversion of the normal cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) to a misfolded form (PrPSc). The neuropathological changes include spongiform degeneration, neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and deposition of PrPSc. It is still unclear how these pathological changes correlate with the development of CJD symptoms because few patients survive beyond 2 years after diagnosis. Inasmuch as the symptoms of CJD overlap some of those observed in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, there may be some underlying pathologic mechanisms associated with CJD that may contribute to the symptoms of non-prion neurodegenerative diseases as well. Data suggest that imbalance of metals, including copper, zinc, iron, and manganese, induces abnormalities in processing and degradation of prion proteins that are accompanied by self-propagation of PrPSc. These events appear to be responsible for glutamatergic synaptic dysfunctions, neuronal death, and PrPSc aggregation. Given that the prodromal symptoms of CJD such as sleep disturbances and mood disorders are associated with brain stem and limbic system dysfunction, the pathological changes may initially occur in these brain regions, then spread throughout the entire brain. Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis, which may be linked to imbalance of these metals, seem to be more important than neuroinflammation in causing the cell death. It is proposed that metal dyshomeostasis could be responsible for the initiation and progression of the pathological changes associated with symptoms of CJD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakagawa
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Integrative Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Integrative Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Shen X, Yang H, Zhang D, Jiang H. Iron Concentration Does Not Differ in Blood but Tends to Decrease in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:939. [PMID: 31616238 PMCID: PMC6775209 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron accumulation in the substantia nigra in PD patients was acknowledged, but the studies on alteration of iron levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) reported inconsistent results. Objective To determinate the alterations of blood and CSF levels of iron in PD patients, a case-control study and a meta-analysis both in blood and CSF were conducted. Methods In the case-control study, 43 PD patients and 33 controls were recruited to test iron metabolism, 15 normal and 12 PD patients donated CSF. Levels in iron were quantified by inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry. Iron metabolism was analyzed by routine blood tests. In the meta-analysis, a comprehensive literature search was performed on relevant studies published from Jan 1980 to Dec 2018 in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with random effects model was selected to estimate the association between iron levels and PD. Results In the case-control study, the iron level in serum in the controls and PD patients were 110.00 ± 48.75 μg/dl and 107.21 ± 34.25 μg/dl, respectively, no significant difference was found between them (p = 0.850), with a small effect size (Cohen’s d: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.08–0.17). Ferritin level in PD patients was lower than controls (p = 0.014). The CSF levels of iron in control and the PD patients were 20.14 ± 3.35 ng/dl and 16.26 ± 4.82 ng/dl, respectively. CSF levels of iron were lower in PD compared with that of controls (p = 0.021), with a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.43–0.65). In the meta-analysis, 22 eligible studies and a total of 3607 participants were identified. Blood levels of iron did not differ significant between PD patients and the controls [SMD (95% CI): −0.03 (−0.30, 0.24)], but CSF iron levels tended to be lower in PD patients compared with that in the controls [SMD (95% CI): −0.33 (−0.65, −0.00)]. Conclusion Iron homeostasis may be disturbed in CSF, but not in the peripheral blood in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huazhen Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Gątarek P, Pawełczyk M, Jastrzębski K, Głąbiński A, Kałużna-Czaplińska J. Analytical methods used in the study of Parkinson's disease. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Iron Pathophysiology in Alzheimer’s Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1173:67-104. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9589-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Antimony, a novel nerve poison, triggers neuronal autophagic death via reactive oxygen species-mediated inhibition of the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105561. [PMID: 31228582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb), a naturally occurring metal present in air and drinking water, has been found in the human brain, and there is evidence of its toxic effects on neurobehavioral perturbations, suggesting that Sb is a potential nerve poison. Here, we provide the first study on the molecular mechanism underlying Sb-associated neurotoxicity. Mice exposed to antimony potassium tartrate hydrate showed significantly increased neuronal apoptosis. In vitro, Sb triggered apoptosis in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanically, Sb triggered autophagy as indicated by increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and accumulation of green fluorescent protein-tagged LC3 dots. Moreover, Sb enhanced autophagic flux and sequestosome 1 (p62) degradation. Subsequent analyses showed that Sb treatment decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), while an Akt activator protected PC12 cells from autophagy. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuated Sb-induced Akt/mTOR inhibition and decreased autophagy and apoptosis, with autophagy inhibition also playing a cytoprotective role. In vivo, mice treated with Sb showed higher expression of LC3-II and p62 in the brain, consistent with the in vitro results. In summary, Sb induced autophagic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Brown EE, Shah P, Pollock BG, Gerretsen P, Graff-Guerrero A. Lead (Pb) in Alzheimer’s Dementia: A Systematic Review of Human Case- Control Studies. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:353-361. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190311101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) has a complex pathophysiology that is incompletely
understood. Chronic, low-level environmental lead (Pb) exposure is associated with cognitive
impairment, hypertension and mortality, and has been proposed as a potential cause of AD.
Objective:
We aimed to review the literature to clarify the potential role of Pb in AD and to guide future
research.
Methods:
Through a series of systematic reviews, we identified case-control studies comparing AD to
controls on 6 measures of Pb exposure or accumulation: blood, bone, cerebrospinal fluid, hair/nail, postmortem
pathology, and urine. We completed meta-analyses where possible.
Results:
The number of identified case-control studies of AD, by measurement method, was: 15 by
blood, 0 by bone, 5 by Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), 3 by hair/nail, 3 by postmortem, and 1 by urine. Two
meta-analyses were possible for 7 studies reporting whole blood Pb and for 8 studies of serum Pb. Both
were negative. The largest study of CSF Pb showed lower levels in AD. Similarly, lower hair Pb levels
were found in AD.
Conclusion:
The available case-control studies are insufficient to draw conclusions on the role of Pb in
AD. Most methods do not address long-term or early-life exposure. The preferred measure of chronic Pb
is in bone, which has not been utilized in case-control AD studies. Future research should measure bone
Pb in AD, together with other biomarkers, such as amyloid and tau imaging, and markers of cerebrovascular
pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Brown
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Parita Shah
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce G. Pollock
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Xu L, Zhang W, Liu X, Zhang C, Wang P, Zhao X. Circulatory Levels of Toxic Metals (Aluminum, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead) in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:361-372. [PMID: 29439342 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposure to toxic metals has been postulated to play a role in the pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the circulatory levels of toxic metals in AD patients are not consistent in previous studies. OBJECTIVE To systematically assess levels of toxic metals (aluminum, mercury, cadmium, lead) in the circulation (blood, serum/plasma) of AD patients and controls. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were systematically searched to identify studies published up to January 1, 2017. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models and the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS We identified 17, 7, 8, and 10 studies for aluminum, mercury, cadmium, and lead, respectively. Meta-analyses showed significantly elevated circulatory levels of aluminum (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.50), mercury (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.15, 0.95), and cadmium (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.12, 1.11), whereas lower levels of lead (SMD = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.38, -0.07) in AD patients than in controls. Publication bias was only observed for aluminum studies, but the "trim and fill" analysis showed that the publication bias did not alter the direction of the effect. Sensitivity analyses showed no studies from the pooled analysis changed the results. CONCLUSION Compared to controls, circulatory levels of aluminum, mercury, and cadmium are significantly higher but the levels of lead were reduced in AD patients. These findings suggest that elevated aluminum, mercury, and cadmium in the circulation, especially in serum may play a role in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Insights into the Potential Role of Mercury in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:511-533. [PMID: 30877448 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), which is a non-essential element, is considered a highly toxic pollutant for biological systems even when present at trace levels. Elevated Hg exposure with the growing release of atmospheric pollutant Hg and rising accumulations of mono-methylmercury (highly neurotoxic) in seafood products have increased its toxic potential for humans. This review aims to highlight the potential relationship between Hg exposure and Alzheimer's disease (AD), based on the existing literature in the field. Recent reports have hypothesized that Hg exposure could increase the potential risk of developing AD. Also, AD is known as a complex neurological disorder with increased amounts of both extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which may also be related to lifestyle and genetic variables. Research reports on AD and relationships between Hg and AD indicate that neurotransmitters such as serotonin, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and glutamate are dysregulated in patients with AD. Many researchers have suggested that AD patients should be evaluated for Hg exposure and toxicity. Some authors suggest further exploration of the Hg concentrations in AD patients. Dysfunctional signaling pathways in AD and Hg exposure appear to be interlinked with some driving factors such as arachidonic acid, homocysteine, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, glucosamine glycans, glutathione, acetyl-L carnitine, melatonin, and HDL. This evidence suggests the need for a better understanding of the relationship between AD and Hg exposure, and potential mechanisms underlying the effects of Hg exposure on regional brain functions. Also, further studies evaluating brain functions are needed to explore the long-term effects of subclinical and untreated Hg toxicity on the brain function of AD patients.
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Siotto M, Filippi MM, Simonelli I, Landi D, Ghazaryan A, Vollaro S, Ventriglia M, Pasqualetti P, Rongioletti MCA, Squitti R, Vernieri F. Oxidative Stress Related to Iron Metabolism in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Low Disability. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:86. [PMID: 30804745 PMCID: PMC6378854 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative status may play a role in chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration which are considered critical etiopathogenetic factors in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), both in the early phase of the disease and in the progressive one. The aim of this study is to explore oxidative status related to iron metabolism in peripheral blood of stable Relapsing-Remitting MS with low disability. We studied 60 Relapsing-Remitting MS patients (age 37.2 ± 9.06, EDSS median 1.0), and 40 healthy controls (age 40.3 ± 10.86). We measured total hydroperoxides (dROMs test) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), along with the iron metabolism biomarkers: Iron (Fe), ferritin (Ferr), transferrin (Tf), transferrin saturation (Tfsat), and ceruloplasmin (Cp) panel biomarkers [concentration (iCp) and enzymatic activity (eCp), copper (Cu), ceruloplasmin specific activity (eCp:iCp), copper to ceruloplasmin ratio (Cu:Cp), non-ceruloplasmin copper (nCp-Cu)]. We computed also the Cp:Tf ratio as an index of oxidative stress related to iron metabolism. We found lower TAS levels in MS patients than in healthy controls (CTRL) and normal reference level and higher dROMs and Cp:Tf ratio in MS than in healthy controls. Cp and Cu were higher in MS while biomarkers of iron metabolism were not different between patients and controls. Both in controls and MS, dROMs correlated with iCp (CTRL r = 0.821, p < 0.001; MS r = 0.775 p < 0.001) and eCp (CTRL r = 0.734, p < 0.001; MS r = 0.820 p < 0.001). Moreover, only in MS group iCp correlated negatively with Tfsat (r = -0.257, p = 0.047). Dividing MS patients in “untreated” group and “treated” group, we found a significant difference in Fe values [F(2, 97) = 10.136, p < 0.001]; in particular “MS untreated” showed higher mean values (mean = 114.5, SD = 39.37 μg/dL) than CTRL (mean 78.6, SD = 27.55 μg/dL p = 0.001) and “MS treated” (mean = 72.4, SD = 38.08 μg/dL; p < 0.001). Moreover, “MS untreated” showed significantly higher values of Cp:Tf (mean = 10.19, SD = 1.77∗10-2; p = 0.015), than CTRL (mean = 9.03, SD = 1.46 ∗10-2). These results suggest that chronic oxidative stress is relevant also in the remitting phase of the disease in patients with low disability and short disease duration. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants may be beneficial also in the early stage of the disease to preserve neuronal reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Service of Medical Statistics and Information Technology, Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Landi
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Ghazaryan
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vollaro
- Neurology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Service of Medical Statistics and Information Technology, Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ciro Antonio Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, "San Giovanni Calibita", Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Zhang G, Zhao Y, Peng B, Li Z, Xu C, Liu Y, Zhang C, Voelcker NH, Li L, Huang W. A fluorogenic probe based on chelation–hydrolysis-enhancement mechanism for visualizing Zn2+ in Parkinson's disease models. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2252-2260. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing efficient methods for real-time detection of Zn2+ level in biological systems is highly relevant to improve our understanding of the role of Zn2+ in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Xu L, Qiu X, Wang S, Wang Q, Zhao XL. NMDA Receptor Antagonist MK801 Protects Against 1-Bromopropane-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction. Neurosci Bull 2018; 35:347-361. [PMID: 30569431 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to 1-bromopropane (1-BP) induces learning and memory deficits. However, no therapeutic strategies are currently available. Accumulating evidence has suggested that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and neuroinflammation are involved in the cognitive impairments in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study we aimed to investigate whether the noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist MK801 protects against 1-BP-induced cognitive dysfunction. Male Wistar rats were administered with MK801 (0.1 mg/kg) prior to 1-BP intoxication (800 mg/kg). Their cognitive performance was evaluated by the Morris water maze test. The brains of rats were dissected for biochemical, neuropathological, and immunological analyses. We found that the spatial learning and memory were significantly impaired in the 1-BP group, and this was associated with neurodegeneration in both the hippocampus (especially CA1 and CA3) and cortex. Besides, the protein levels of phosphorylated NMDARs were increased after 1-BP exposure. MK801 ameliorated the 1-BP-induced cognitive impairments and degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus and cortex. Mechanistically, MK801 abrogated the 1-BP-induced disruption of excitatory and inhibitory amino-acid balance and NMDAR abnormalities. Subsequently, MK801 inhibited the microglial activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in 1-BP-treated rats. Our findings, for the first time, revealed that MK801 protected against 1-BP-induced cognitive dysfunction by ameliorating NMDAR function and blocking microglial activation, which might provide a potential target for the treatment of 1-BP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaofei Qiu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Xiu-Lan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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A comparative study of the typical toxic metals in serum by patients of schizophrenia and healthy controls in China. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:558-564. [PMID: 30199697 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Toxic metals are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, and their potential risks associated with the development of schizophrenia remain a subject of debate. In this study, we investigated the associations between six typical toxic metals (mercury, lead, chromium, silver, antimony, and uranium) in serum with the risk of schizophrenia using a case-control study design. In total, 109 patients with schizophrenia (cases) and 106 normal subjects (controls) from Shandong Province, China were recruited. Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants, as well as serum samples from the cases before and after medical treatment. The six metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Only three metals (antimony, silver and uranium) had acceptable detection rates of >80%. The concentrations of antimony and uranium were significantly higher in the cases than in the controls, while no significant difference for silver. Moreover, the serum concentrations of antimony and uranium were significantly lower after medical treatment. Clear dose-response relationships between serum metal concentrations and the risk of schizophrenia were observed, even after adjusting for potential covariates. This suggests that higher levels of antimony and uranium may be one of the factors associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia.
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Blood lead levels and multiple sclerosis: A case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 27:151-155. [PMID: 30384201 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease of the central nervous system, with disseminating demyelination of nerve fibers and spinal cord. Exposure to heavy metals seems to be associated with a higher incidence of MS. Few studies have assessed the correlation of the incidence of MS with heavy metal concentrations. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between blood lead levels and MS. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 29 MS patients and 29 healthy control persons. The controls were age, gender and occupation matched at the time of blood sampling. Blood lead levels were measured using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. Data were analyzed using Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and multiple logistic regression, using a significance level of p ˂ 0.05. RESULTS According to the result of this study, the mean blood lead level (BLL) was 75.6 ± 9.35and33.8 ± 28.8 µg/L in patients with MS and control group, respectively. Median blood lead levels were significantly higher in MS patients (38 µg/L, range: 27-67), compared to the controls (30 µg/L, range: 11-49) (p = 0.03). The risk of MS increased 1.17 times per one µg/L increment of blood lead level, using the multiple logistic regression analysis on the present results. CONCLUSION In conclusion, based on our results, BLL was higher in MS patients, compared with healthy individuals. The risk of MS increased 1.17 times per one µg/L increment of blood lead level.
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