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Li X, Ramos-Rolón AP, Kass G, Pereira-Rufino LS, Shifman N, Shi Z, Volkow ND, Wiers CE. Imaging neuroinflammation in individuals with substance use disorders. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172884. [PMID: 38828729 PMCID: PMC11142750 DOI: 10.1172/jci172884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role of neuroinflammation in substance use disorders (SUDs). This Review presents findings from neuroimaging studies assessing brain markers of inflammation in vivo in individuals with SUDs. Most studies investigated the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) using PET; neuroimmune markers myo-inositol, choline-containing compounds, and N-acetyl aspartate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and fractional anisotropy using MRI. Study findings have contributed to a greater understanding of neuroimmune function in the pathophysiology of SUDs, including its temporal dynamics (i.e., acute versus chronic substance use) and new targets for SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Astrid P. Ramos-Rolón
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Kass
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lais S. Pereira-Rufino
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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van Sleeuwen C, van Zuiden M, Koch SBJ, Frijling JL, Veltman DJ, Olff M, Nawijn L. How does it feel? An exploration of neurobiological and clinical correlates of alexithymia in trauma-exposed police-officers with and without PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2281187. [PMID: 38154073 PMCID: PMC10990451 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2281187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alexithymia, an inability to recognise one's emotions, has been associated with trauma-exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research suggests involvement of the oxytocin system, and socio-emotional neural processes. However, the paucity of neurobiological research on alexithymia, particularly in trauma-exposed populations, warrants further investigation.Objective: Explore associations between alexithymia, endogenous oxytocin levels, and socio-emotional brain function and morphometry in a trauma-exposed sample.Method: Dutch trauma-exposed police officers with (n = 38; 18 females) and without PTSD (n = 40; 20 females) were included. Alexithymia was assessed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Endogenous salivary oxytocin was assessed during rest, using radioimmunoassay. Amygdala and insula reactivity to socio-emotional stimuli were assessed with functional MRI, amygdala and insula grey matter volume were derived using Freesurfer.Results: Alexithymia was higher in PTSD patients compared to trauma-exposed controls (F(1,70) = 54.031, p < .001). Within PTSD patients, alexithymia was positively associated with PTSD severity (ρ(36) = 0.497, p = .002). Alexithymia was not associated with childhood trauma exposure (β = 0.076, p = .509), police work-related trauma exposure (β = -0.107, p = .355), oxytocin levels (β = -0.164, p = .161), insula (β = -0.170, p = .158) or amygdala (β = -0.175, p = .135) reactivity, or amygdala volume (β = 0.146, p = .209). Insula volume was positively associated with alexithymia (β = 0.222, p = .016), though not significant after multiple testing corrections. Bayesian analyses supported a lack of associations.Conclusions: No convincing neurobiological correlates of alexithymia were observed with any of the markers included in the current study. Yet, the current study confirmed high levels of alexithymia in PTSD patients, independent of trauma-exposure, substantiating alexithymia's relevance in the clinical phenotype of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy van Sleeuwen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia B. J. Koch
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jessie L. Frijling
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Arq National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Nawijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Li W, Liu Y, Qiu J, Li Y. Bidirectional relationship between insular grey matter volume and alexithymia: Evidence from a longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:799-806. [PMID: 37442449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insula is considered to be involved in emotional cognitive processes, and may be structurally altered in people with alexithymia. However, it remains unclear how the relationship between the insula and alexithymia changes over time. This study aimed to investigate whether alexithymia has longitudinal relationship with the insular structure. METHODS Having processed structural MRI data via FreeSurfer, the insula was divided into five sub-regions, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale was administered to assess alexithymia in the general population. Subsequently, we established the latent change score models between insular sub-regions and the alexithymia (N = 252). RESULTS The TAS-20 mean value of the sample at Time 1 was not significantly different by sex (t = -0.993, df = 250, p = 0.321), while the TAS-20 mean value at Time 2 was slightly different by sex (t = 2.025, df = 250, p = 0.044). Most insular grey matter volumes at Time 1 and Time 2 were significantly associated with TAS-20 at Time 2. The baseline alexithymia and insular grey matter volume positively predicted the other's rate of change between Time 1 and Time 2 in a bidirectional way. LIMITATIONS This study had a limited number of measurement time points, potential bias due to smaller sample sizes and gender imbalance, as well as the potential for inaccuracy in the self-report measure of alexithymia. CONCLUSIONS Time-lagged alexithymia changes and insular grey matter volume changes occur in coupled manner over time, which might improve our understanding of the neurological underpinnings of alexithymia, and shed light on clinical and psychological treatment for alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Grigorescu C, Chalah MA, Ayache SS, Palm U. [Alexithymia in Multiple Sclerosis - Narrative Review]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 91:404-413. [PMID: 35948023 DOI: 10.1055/a-1882-6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alexithymia is a multidimensional construct of personality implicating difficulties in identifying and describing another's feelings, and externally oriented thinking. It is broadly reported in psychiatric patients but has gained little attention regarding its occurrence and pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis (MS). This narrative review aims to address prevalence, etiology, neurobiological, and clinical findings of alexithymia. The prevalence of alexithymia in MS ranges from 10 to 53%. There seems to be an association with anxiety, depression, fatigue, and some aspects of social cognition, while the relationship with clinical and classical cognitive variables was rarely evaluated. Only a few studies referred to its pathophysiology assuming an aberrant interhemispheric transfer or regional cerebral abnormalities. The prevalence of alexithymia in MS and the potential negative impact on quality of life and interpersonal communication could severely impact clinical MS management and a screnning for these factors should be mandatory. Thus, further evaluation is needed concerning its relationship with clinical, emotional, and cognitive confounders. Large-scale studies employing neuroimaging techniques are needed for a better understanding of the neural underpinnings of this MS feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Grigorescu
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München
| | - Moussa A Chalah
- EA 4391, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Samar S Ayache
- EA 4391, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Ulrich Palm
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau a. Chiemsee
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Linli Z, Rolls ET, Zhao W, Kang J, Feng J, Guo S. Smoking is associated with lower brain volume and cognitive differences: A large population analysis based on the UK Biobank. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110698. [PMID: 36528239 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The evidence about the association of smoking with both brain structure and cognitive functions remains inconsistent. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging from the UK Biobank (n = 33,293), we examined the relationships between smoking status, dosage, and abstinence with total and 166 regional brain gray matter volumes (GMV). The relationships between the smoking parameters with cognitive function, and whether this relationship was mediated by brain structure, were then investigated. Smoking was associated with lower total and regional GMV, with the extent depending on the frequency of smoking and on whether smoking had ceased: active regular smokers had the lowest GMV (Cohen's d = -0.362), and former light smokers had a slightly smaller GMV (Cohen's d = -0.060). The smaller GMV in smokers was most evident in the thalamus. Higher lifetime exposure (i.e., pack-years) was associated with lower total GMV (β = -311.84, p = 8.35 × 10-36). In those who ceased smoking, the duration of abstinence was associated with a larger total GMV (β = 139.57, p = 2.36 × 10-08). It was further found that reduced cognitive function was associated with smoker parameters and that the associations were partially mediated by brain structure. This is the largest scale investigation we know of smoking and brain structure, and these results are likely to be robust. The findings are of associations between brain structure and smoking, and in the future, it will be important to assess whether brain structure influences smoking status, or whether smoking influences brain structure, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiang Linli
- MOE-LCSM, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- MOE-LCSM, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Shuixia Guo
- MOE-LCSM, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China.
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Keeley RJ, Prillaman ME, Scarlata M, Vrana A, Tsai PJ, Gomez JL, Bonaventura J, Lu H, Michaelides M, Stein EA. Adolescent nicotine administration increases nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and functional connectivity in specific cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac291. [PMID: 36440101 PMCID: PMC9683397 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine exposure is associated with regional changes in brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subtype expression patterns as a function of dose and age at the time of exposure. Moreover, nicotine dependence is associated with changes in brain circuit functional connectivity, but the relationship between such connectivity and concomitant regional distribution changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes following nicotine exposure is not understood. Although smoking typically begins in adolescence, developmental changes in brain circuits and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors following chronic nicotine exposure remain minimally investigated. Here, we combined in vitro nicotinic acetylcholine receptor autoradiography with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure changes in [3H]nicotine binding and α4ß2 subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and circuit connectivity across the brain in adolescent (postnatal Day 33) and adult (postnatal Day 68) rats exposed to 6 weeks of nicotine administration (0, 1.2 and 4.8 mg/kg/day). Chronic nicotine exposure increased nicotinic acetylcholine receptor levels and induced discrete, developmental stage changes in regional nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype distribution. These effects were most pronounced in striatal, thalamic and cortical regions when nicotine was administered during adolescence but not in adults. Using these regional receptor changes as seeds, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging identified dysregulations in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits that were also dysregulated following adolescent nicotine exposure. Thus, nicotine-induced increases in cortical, striatal and thalamic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors during adolescence modifies processing and brain circuits within cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loops, which are known to be crucial for multisensory integration, action selection and motor output, and may alter the developmental trajectory of the adolescent brain. This unique multimodal study significantly advances our understanding of nicotine dependence and its effects on the adolescent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Keeley
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - McKenzie E Prillaman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Miranda Scarlata
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Antonia Vrana
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pei-Jung Tsai
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Juan L Gomez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Departament de Patologia Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociènes, Universitat de Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hanbing Lu
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Wang C, Zhou C, Guo T, Huang P, Xu X, Zhang M. Association between cigarette smoking and Parkinson’s disease: a neuroimaging study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2022; 15:17562864221092566. [PMID: 35464739 PMCID: PMC9019319 DOI: 10.1177/17562864221092566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mounting evidence has revealed an inverse association between cigarette smoking and the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Meanwhile, cigarette smoking has been found to be associated with cognitive impairment in PD patients. However, the neural mechanisms of the association between cigarette smoking and PD are not fully understood. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the neural mechanisms of the association between cigarette smoking and PD. Methods: A total of 129 PD patients and 69 controls were recruited from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort, including 39 PD patients with regular smoking history (PD-S), 90 PD patients without regular smoking history (PD-NS), 26 healthy controls with regular smoking history (HC-S), and 43 healthy controls without regular smoking history (HC-NS). Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and gray matter (GM) volume of the whole brain were compared among the four groups. Results: PD patients showed significantly reduced striatal DAT binding compared with healthy controls, and HC-S showed significantly reduced striatal DAT binding compared with HC-NS. Moreover, smoking and PD showed a significant interaction effect in the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). PD-S showed reduced GM volume in the left mPFC compared with PD-NS. Conclusion: The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD results in a substantial reduction of the DAT and dopamine levels. Nicotine may act as a stimulant to inhibit the action of striatal DAT, increasing dopamine levels in the synaptic gap. The inverse alteration of dopamine levels between PD and nicotine addiction may be the reason for the inverse association between smoking and the risk of PD. In addition, the mPFC atrophy in PD-S may be associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Weng JC, Chuang YC, Zheng LB, Lee MS, Ho MC. Assessment of brain connectome alterations in male chronic smokers using structural and generalized q-sampling MRI. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1761-1775. [PMID: 35294980 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An association has been shown between chronic cigarette smoking and structural abnormalities in the brain areas related to several functions relevant to addictive behavior. However, few studies have focused on the structural alternations of chronic smoking by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Also, it remains unclear how structural alternations are associated with tobacco-dependence severity and the positive/negative outcome expectances. The q-sampling imaging (GQI) is an advanced diffusion MRI technique that can reconstruct more precise and consistent images of complex oriented fibers than other methods. We aimed to use GQI to evaluate the impact of the neurological structure caused by chronic smoking. Sixty-seven chronic smokers and 43 nonsmokers underwent a MRI scan. The tobacco dependence severity and the positive/negative outcome expectancies were assessed via self-report. We used GQI with voxel-based statistical analysis (VBA) to evaluate structural brain and connectivity abnormalities. Graph theoretical analysis (GTA) and network-based statistical (NBS) analysis were also performed to identify the structural network differences among groups. Chronic smokers had smaller GM and WM volumes in the bilateral frontal lobe and bilateral frontal region. The GM/WM volumes correlated with dependence severity and outcome expectancies in the brain areas involving high-level functions. Chronic smokers had shape changes in the left hippocampal head and tail and the inferior brain stem. Poorer WM integrity in chronic smokers was found in the left middle frontal region, the right superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the right temporal region, the left parahippocampus, the left anterior internal capsule, and the right inferior parietal region. WM integrity correlated with dependence severity and outcome expectancies in brain areas involving high-level functions. Chronic smokers had decreased local segregation and global integration among the brain regions and networks. Our results provide further evidence indicating that chronic smoking may be associated with brain structure and connectivity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Graduate Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 61363, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Graduate Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 10051, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Bang Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Graduate Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shih Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Ho
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Clinical Psychological Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, 402, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Zhou M, Hu Y, Huang R, Zhou Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Jia S, Zhang Y, Xue T, Dong F, Lu X, Yuan K, Yu D. Right arcuate fasciculus and left uncinate fasciculus abnormalities in young smoker. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13132. [PMID: 35229948 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies had investigated the white matter (WM) integrity abnormalities in smokers. Exposure to nicotine disrupts neurodevelopment during adolescence, possibly by disrupting the trophic effects of acetylcholine. However, little is known about the diffusion parameters of specific fibre bundles at multiple locations in young smokers. Thirty-seven young smokers and 29 age-, education- and gender-matched healthy non-smokers participated in this study. Automated Fibre Quantification (AFQ) was employed to investigate the WM microstructure in young smokers by integrating multiple indices. Diffusion parameters, that is, fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), radial diffusion (RD) and mean diffusion (MD), were calculated at 100 points along the length of 18 major brain tracts. The relationships between neuroimaging differences and smoking behaviours were explored, including Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and pack-years. Compared with non-smokers, young smokers showed significantly increased FA, AD and decreased RD in the left uncinate fasciculus (UF) and right thalamic radiation (TR), increased AD, RD and decreased FA in the right arcuate fasciculus (Arc). Correlation analyses revealed that FA values of the left UF and RD values of the right Arc were negatively correlated with FTND score in smokers and FA values of the right Arc were positively correlated with FTND scores. Positive correlation was observed between AD values of the left UF and pack-years in smokers. The findings enhanced our understanding of the potential effect of adolescent smoking on WM microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Yiting Hu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Ruoyan Huang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Shidi Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Shaodi Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Yunmiao Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Ting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Fang Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Technology Huhhot China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
- School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
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10
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Chen Y, Chaudhary S, Wang W, Li CSR. Gray matter volumes of the insula and anterior cingulate cortex and their dysfunctional roles in cigarette smoking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:100003. [PMID: 37220533 PMCID: PMC10201991 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2021.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The salience network, including the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), has been implicated in nicotine addiction. Structural imaging studies have reported diminished insula and ACC gray matter volumes (GMVs) in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. However, it remains unclear how insula and ACC GMVs may relate to years of smoking, addiction severity, or behavioral traits known to dispose individuals to smoking. Here, with a dataset curated from the Human Connectome Project and voxel-based morphometry, we replicated the findings of smaller GMVs of the insula and medial prefrontal cortex, including the dorsal ACC and supplementary motor area (dACC/SMA), in (70 heavy < 209 light < 209 never) smokers matched in age, sex, and average daily num ber of drinks. The GMVs of the insula or dACC/SMA were not significantly correlated with years of smoking or Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores. Heavy relative to never smokers demonstrated higher externalizing and internalizing scores, as evaluated by the NIH Emotion. In heavy smokers, the dACC/SMA but not insula GMV was positively correlated with both externalizing and internalizing scores. The findings together confirm volumetric changes in the salience network in heavy smokers and suggest potentially distinct dysfunctional roles of the insula and dACC/SMA in chronic smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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11
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von Deneen KM, Hussain H, Waheed J, Xinwen W, Yu D, Yuan K. Comparison of frontostriatal circuits in adolescent nicotine addiction and internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:26-39. [PMID: 35049521 PMCID: PMC9109629 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been significantly increased participation in online gaming and other addictive behaviors particularly in adolescents. Tendencies to avoid social interaction and become more involved in technology-based activities pose the danger of creating unhealthy addictions. Thus, the presence of relatively immature cognitive control and high risk-taking properties makes adolescence a period of major changes leading to an increased rate of emotional disorders and addiction. AIMS The critical roles of frontostriatal circuits in addiction have become the primary focus associated with reward in the striatum and cognitive control in the PFC. Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and nicotine addiction are currently becoming more and more serious. METHODS In the light of neuroimaging, the similarity between brain mechanisms causing substance use disorder (SUD) and IGD have been described in previous literature. RESULTS In particular, two distinct brain systems affect the way we act accounting for uncharacteristic neural function in addiction: the affective system comprises of the striatum driven by emotional, reward-related, and internal stimuli, and a cognitive system consisting of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) supporting the ventral affective system's actions via inhibitory control. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Therefore, as a novel concept, we focused on the implication of frontostriatal circuits in nicotine addiction and IGD by reviewing the main findings from our studies compared to those of others. We hope that all of these neuroimaging findings can lead to effective intervention and treatment for addiction especially during this critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. von Deneen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, Peoples R China,Corresponding authors. E-mail: (), ,
| | - Hadi Hussain
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 74 Yanta Street, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710001, Peoples R China
| | - Junaid Waheed
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 74 Yanta Street, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710001, Peoples R China
| | - Wen Xinwen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, Peoples R China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, Peoples R China,Corresponding authors. E-mail: (), ,
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, Peoples R China,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, Peoples R China,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, Peoples R China,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, Peoples R China,Corresponding authors. E-mail: (), ,
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12
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OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4386-4396. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Wen M, Yang Z, Wei Y, Huang H, Zheng R, Wang W, Gao X, Zhang M, Fang K, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Han S. More than just statics: Temporal dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in cigarette smoking. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13050. [PMID: 34085358 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is companied with altered intrinsic activity of the brain measured by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation. Evidence has revealed that human brain activity is a highly dynamic and rapidly changing system. How exactly cigarette smoking affect temporal dynamic intrinsic brain activity is not fully understood nor is it clear how smoking severity influences spontaneous brain activity. Dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) was used to examine the dynamic temporal variability in 93 participants (63 smokers, 30 nonsmokers). We further divided smokers into light and heavy smokers. The temporal variability in intrinsic brain activity among these groups was compared. Correlation analyses were performed between dALFF in areas showing group differences and smoking behaviour (e.g., the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence [FTND] scores and pack-years). Smokers showed significantly increased dALFF in the left inferior/middle frontal gyrus, right orbitofrontal gyrus, right insula, left superior/medial frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus than nonsmokers. Light smokers showed increased dALFF variability in the left prefrontal cortex. Heavy smokers showed increased dynamics in specific brain regions, including the right postcentral gyrus, right insula and left precentral gyrus. Furthermore, the temporal variability in dALFF in the left superior/medial frontal gyrus, left superior/middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and right insula was positively correlated with pack-years or FTND. Combined, these results suggest that smokers increase stable and persistent spontaneous brain activity in prefrontal cortex, involved impaired gold-directed action and value-based decision-making. In addition, individuals with heavier smoking severity show increased perturbance on spontaneous brain activity of perception and sensorimotor, related to increased reliance.
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14
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Brewer R, Murphy J, Bird G. Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:470-508. [PMID: 34358578 PMCID: PMC8522807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of a categorial approach to mental health diagnosis is now well-recognised, with many authors, diagnostic manuals and funding bodies advocating a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to mental health research. Variance in interoception, the ability to perceive one's internal bodily state, is reported across diagnostic boundaries, and is associated with atypical functioning across symptom categories. Drawing on behavioural and neuroscientific evidence, we outline current research on the contribution of interoception to numerous cognitive and affective abilities (in both typical and clinical populations), and describe the interoceptive atypicalities seen in a range of psychiatric conditions. We discuss the role that interoception may play in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, as well as the ways in which interoception may differ across clinical presentations. A number of important areas for further research on the role of interoception in psychopathology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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15
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Ye Z, Mo C, Liu S, Hatch KS, Gao S, Ma Y, Hong LE, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N, Acheson A, Garavan H, Shen L, Nichols TE, Kochunov P, Chen S, Ma T. White Matter Integrity and Nicotine Dependence: Evaluating Vertical and Horizontal Pleiotropy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:738037. [PMID: 34720862 PMCID: PMC8551454 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.738037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an addictive behavior that supports nicotine dependence and is an independent risk factor for cancer and other illnesses. Its neurogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood but may act through alterations in the cerebral white matter (WM). We hypothesized that the vertical pleiotropic pathways, where genetic variants influence a trait that in turn influences another trait, link genetic factors, integrity of cerebral WM, and nicotine addiction. We tested this hypothesis using individual genetic factors, WM integrity measured by fractional anisotropy (FA), and nicotine dependence-related smoking phenotypes, including smoking status (SS) and cigarettes per day (CPDs), in a large epidemiological sample collected by the UK Biobank. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify previously reported loci associated with smoking behavior. Smoking was found to be associated with reduced WM integrity in multiple brain regions. We then evaluated two competing vertical pathways: Genes → WM integrity → Smoking versus Genes → Smoking → WM integrity and a horizontal pleiotropy pathway where genetic factors independently affect both smoking and WM integrity. The causal pathway analysis identified 272 pleiotropic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) whose effects on SS were mediated by FA, as well as 22 pleiotropic SNPs whose effects on FA were mediated by CPD. These SNPs were mainly located in important susceptibility genes for smoking-induced diseases NCAM1 and IREB2. Our findings revealed the role of cerebral WM in the maintenance of the complex addiction and provided potential genetic targets for future research in examining how changes in WM integrity contribute to the nicotine effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyao Ye
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chen Mo
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Song Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kathryn S Hatch
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Acheson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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16
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Zhang M, Gao X, Yang Z, Wen M, Huang H, Zheng R, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Shared gray matter alterations in subtypes of addiction: a voxel-wise meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2365-2379. [PMID: 34313804 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies based on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have revealed gray matter (GM) alterations in multiple brain regions for addiction. However, findings are poorly replicated, and it remains elusive whether distinct diagnoses of addiction are underpinned by shared abnormalities. Our aim was to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of structural neuroimaging studies investigating GM abnormalities in two main categories of addiction: substance use disorders (SUD) and behavioral addictions (BA). METHOD A systematic database search was conducted in several databases from Jan 1, 2010, to Oct 23, 2020, to identify eligible VBM studies. Meta-analysis was performed with the seed-based d mapping software package to compare alternations between individuals with addiction-related disorders and healthy controls (HC). RESULTS A total of 59 VBM studies including 2096 individuals with addiction-related disorders and 2637 HC met the inclusion criteria. Individuals with addiction-related disorders showed shared GM volume decrease in bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral insula, bilateral rolandic operculum, left superior temporal gyrus, and right Heschl gyrus and GM increase in right lingual gyrus and right fusiform gyrus comparing with HC (p < 0.005). Subgroup analysis found heterogeneity between SUD and BA mainly in left inferior occipital gyrus and right striatum (p < 0.005). Meta-regression revealed that GM atrophy in right anterior cingulate (r = 0.541, p = 0.03 (uncorrected)) and left inferior frontal gyrus (r = 0.595, p = 0.015) were positively correlated with higher impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis identified a concordance across subtypes of addiction in terms of the brain structural changes in prefrontal and insula areas, which may relate to higher impulsivity observed across addiction diagnoses. This concordance provides an organizing model that emphasizes the importance of shared neural substrates in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wen
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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17
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Grodin EN, Burnette E, Towns B, Venegas A, Ray LA. Effect of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis co-use on gray matter volume in heavy drinkers. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 35:760-768. [PMID: 34435833 PMCID: PMC8484037 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis are the three most frequently used drugs in the United States and co-use is common. Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use has been separately associated with altered brain structure, and alcohol and tobacco co-use results in decreases in gray matter volume. Less is known about the effect of alcohol and cannabis co-use, and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis tri-use. Therefore, this study examined the effect of co- and tri-use on gray matter volume, a measure of brain cell density, in heavy drinkers. METHOD Heavy drinkers (n = 237; 152m/85f; age = 32.52; white = 111; black = 28; Latino = 9; American Indian = 2; Pacific Islander = 4; Asian = 59; mixed = 15; other = 9) were classified into four groups based on their alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use: alcohol only users (n = 70), alcohol and tobacco co-users (n = 90), alcohol and cannabis co-users (n = 35), and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis tri-users (n = 42). All participants completed a structural MRI scan. Voxel-based morphometry was conducted to evaluate the effect of co-use on gray matter volume, with alcohol only users as the reference group. Age, sex, and scanner were included as covariates. RESULTS Alcohol and tobacco co-users had significantly decreased left orbitofrontal gray matter volume relative to alcohol only users (Cohen's d = .79). There were no differences in gray matter volume between the alcohol only and alcohol and cannabis co-users, or between the alcohol only and tri-user groups. CONCLUSION The additive effect of tobacco co-use on gray matter volumes in heavy drinkers was limited and localized. The effect of tri-use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis may have interacted, such that overlapping cannabis and tobacco use masked volume differences present in separate co-using groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth Burnette
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brandon Towns
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexandra Venegas
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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18
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Yuan F, Yu J, Liao G, Li J, Long T, Li Y, Chen D, Dai Q, Zhu X, Hu S, Qian Z. 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography metabolic pattern assessment in the brain of betel quid dependent individuals. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13043. [PMID: 33908137 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to identify the metabolic pattern in the brains of betel quid dependent (BQD) individuals using 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (18 F-FDG-PET). A total of 42 individuals (16 BQD individuals and 26 healthy controls, HCs) enrolled at the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Xiangya Hospital underwent brain 18 F-FDG-PET. Group comparisons using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) were performed to identify the 18 F-FDG-PET patterns. Standardized uptake value ratios of anterior cingulate, frontal, thalamus, parietal, occipital, temporal and cerebellum were calculated by SPM. The characteristics of abnormal metabolism in brain regions were quantified using the xjView toolbox, and a 3-D brain map was drawn using BrainNet Viewer. We found significant metabolic reduction in the bilateral middle prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the left orbital frontal gyrus (OFC). In contrast, hypermetabolism was observed in the inferior cerebellum, fusiform, superior cerebellum, parahippocampal, vermis, lingual and thalamus. However, we found no significant difference between the BQD and HC group in the anterior cingulate, thalamus, cerebellum and frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. In summary, we found abnormal 18 F-FDG-PET metabolic pattern in BQD individuals, and this pattern may help the treatment of BQD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulai Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, XiangYa Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Guang Liao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, XiangYa Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, XiangYa Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, XiangYa Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yulai Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, XiangYa Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Dengming Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, XiangYa Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Xueling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, XiangYa Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission Changsha China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (XIANGYA) Changsha China
| | - Zhaoxin Qian
- Department of Emergency, XiangYa Hospital Central South University Changsha China
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19
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Kunas SL, Hilbert K, Yang Y, Richter J, Hamm A, Wittmann A, Ströhle A, Pfleiderer B, Herrmann MJ, Lang T, Lotze M, Deckert J, Arolt V, Wittchen HU, Straube B, Kircher T, Gerlach AL, Lueken U. The modulating impact of cigarette smoking on brain structure in panic disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:849-859. [PMID: 32734299 PMCID: PMC7543937 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking increases the likelihood of developing anxiety disorders, among them panic disorder (PD). While brain structures altered by smoking partly overlap with morphological changes identified in PD, the modulating impact of smoking as a potential confounder on structural alterations in PD has not yet been addressed. In total, 143 PD patients (71 smokers) and 178 healthy controls (62 smokers) participated in a multicenter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. T1-weighted images were used to examine brain structural alterations using voxel-based morphometry in a priori defined regions of the defensive system network. PD was associated with gray matter volume reductions in the amygdala and hippocampus. This difference was driven by non-smokers and absent in smoking subjects. Bilateral amygdala volumes were reduced with increasing health burden (neither PD nor smoking > either PD or smoking > both PD and smoking). As smoking can narrow or diminish commonly observed structural abnormalities in PD, the effect of smoking should be considered in MRI studies focusing on patients with pathological forms of fear and anxiety. Future studies are needed to determine if smoking may increase the risk for subsequent psychopathology via brain functional or structural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Kunas
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Kevin Hilbert
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Yunbo Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Jan Richter
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology/Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Alfons Hamm
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology/Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - André Wittmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Bettina Pfleiderer
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Thomas Lang
- Christoph-Dornier-Foundation for Clinical Psychology, Bremen 28359, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Alexander L Gerlach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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Nieto SJ, Baskerville W, Donato S, Bujarski S, Ray L. Lifetime heavy drinking years predict alcohol use disorder severity over and above current alcohol use. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:630-637. [PMID: 34134588 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1938100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Preclinical studies demonstrate that chronic and heavy alcohol use facilitates neuroadaptations that perpetuate addiction-like behaviors. In clinical studies, it is unclear whether the extent of heavy alcohol use over the lifetime contributes to alcohol use disorder (AUD) severity over and above current alcohol use patterns (i.e. last 30 days to 3-months). Such information may improve our understanding of the phenomenology of AUD.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine lifetime heavy drinking years in relation to a clinical assessment of AUD.Methods: Participants, who were non-treatment-seeking and engaged in heavy drinking (n = 140; 50% male), completed an interview-based assessment of lifetime regular and heavy drinking years along with a battery of measures indexing alcohol use and problems, drinking motives, and depression and anxiety symptomatology.Results: Lifetime heavy drinking years was positively associated with lifetime regular drinking years, current alcohol use, alcohol problems, tonic alcohol craving, drinking for the enhancing effects of alcohol, and drinking to cope (r's = .21-.58). Adjusting for lifetime regular drinking years and current alcohol use, lifetime heavy drinking years predicted higher scores on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT; B = .382; SE = .123). A multivariate logistic regression found that lifetime heavy drinking years predicted greater odds of more severe AUD over and above current alcohol use (OR = 1.147).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that lifetime heavy drinking years are a clinically meaningful indicator of AUD severity that is not redundant with current alcohol use measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wave Baskerville
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanna Donato
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Khedr EM, Abdelrahman AA, Safwat SM, Moheb A, Noaman MM. The effect of acute and chronic nicotine consumption on intra-cortical inhibition and facilitation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:243-250. [PMID: 34016502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of acute and chronic nicotine consumption on measures of intracortical inhibition and facilitation. METHODS This study involved 50 chronic heavy cigarette smokers and 40 healthy subjects matched for age, sex and educational level, with no history of chronic nicotine intake. Intracortical inhibition and facilitation were assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures of motor threshold (MT), short- and long-interval intra-cortical inhibition (SICI, LICI), cortical silent period (CSP) and intra-cortical facilitation (ICF). Basal serum levels of cotinine were measured in the healthy group and at ½ and 2 h after smoking a single cigarette in the chronic smokers. RESULTS There was enhanced SICI and reduced ICF in smokers (independent of time after smoking) compared with non-smokers. The former suggests a chronic effect of increased nicotine levels on GABA-A neurotransmission whereas the latter suggests an additional effect on glutamatergic transmission. There were no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers in other TMS parameters. There was a significant negative correlation between cotinine levels at ½ h after smoking and SICI at 3 ms ISI (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in any of the neurophysiological measures between smokers at ½ h versus 2 h after smoking a single cigarette. CONCLUSION Chronic nicotine consumption enhances SICI, and reduces ICF, supporting the hypothesis that nicotine acts as a neuromodulator of GABA-A and glutamate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Khedr
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Abdelrahman
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shady M Safwat
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira Moheb
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Noaman
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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22
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Lin F, Han X, Wang Y, Ding W, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Lei H. Sex-specific effects of cigarette smoking on caudate and amygdala volume and resting-state functional connectivity. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1-13. [PMID: 31898088 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated sex-specific differences in etiology, course and brain dysfunction that are associated with cigarette smoking. However, little is known about sex-specific differences in subcortical structure and function. In this study, structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 60 cigarette smokers (25 females) and 67 nonsmokers (28 females). The structural MRI was applied to identify deficits in sex-specific subcortical volume. Using resting-state fMRI, sex-related alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) were investigated in subcortical nuclei with volume deficits as seed regions. Compared to nonsmokers, male but not female smokers demonstrated a significantly smaller volume in the left caudate, while female but not male smokers showed a smaller volume in the right amygdala. Resting-state FC analysis revealed that male but not female smokers had increased rsFC between the left caudate and the left prefrontal cortex but decreased rsFC within the bilateral caudate and between the right amygdala and right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Furthermore, the right amygdala volume was negatively correlated with the impulsivity score in female but not male smokers. The rsFC of the right amygdala-OFC circuit was negatively associated with the craving score in male but not female smokers. These findings indicate that cigarette smoking may have differential effects on the caudate and amygdala volumes as well as rsFC between men and women, contributing to our knowledge of sex-specific effects of nicotine addiction. Such sex-specific differences in subcortical structure and function may provide a methodological framework for the development of sex-specific relapse prevention therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Lin
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weina Ding
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Hao Lei
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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23
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Zhao M, Liu J, Cai W, Li J, Zhu X, Yu D, Yuan K. Support vector machine based classification of smokers and nonsmokers using diffusion tensor imaging. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2242-2250. [PMID: 31428924 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in treatments for smoking cessation, smoking continues to be a significant public health concern, especially in young adulthood. Thus, developing a predictive model that can classify and characterize the brain-based biomarkers predicting smoking status would be imperative to improving treatment development. In this study, we applied a support vector machine-based classification method to discriminate 70 young male smokers and 70 matched nonsmokers using their diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. The classification procedure achieved an average accuracy of 88.6% and an average area under the curve of 0.95. The most discriminative features that contributed to the classification were primarily located in the sagittal stratum (SS), external capsule (EC), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), anterior corona radiata (ACR) and inferior front-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). The following regression analysis showed a significant negatively correlation between the average RD values of the left ACR (r = -0.247, p = 0.039) and FTND. The average MD values in the right EC (r = -0.254, p = 0.034) and RD values in the right IFOF (r = -0.240, p = 0.046) were inversely associated with pack-years. Our findings indicate that the discriminative white matter (WM) features as brain biomarkers provide great predictive power for smoking status and suggest that machine learning techniques can reveal underlying smoking-related neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanye Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. .,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Conti AA, Baldacchino AM. Neuroanatomical Correlates of Impulsive Choices and Risky Decision Making in Young Chronic Tobacco Smokers: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:708925. [PMID: 34526922 PMCID: PMC8435625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Impairments in the multifaceted neuropsychological construct of cognitive impulsivity are a main feature of chronic tobacco smokers. According to the literature, these cognitive impairments are relevant for the initiation and maintenance of the smoking behavior. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive impulsivity in chronic smokers remain under-investigated. Methods: A sample of 28 chronic smokers (mean age = 28 years) not affected by polysubstance dependence and 24 matched non-smoker controls was recruited. Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM) was employed to assess Gray Matter (GM) volume differences between smokers and non-smokers. The relationships between GM volume and behavioral manifestations of impulsive choices (5 trial adjusting delay discounting task, ADT-5) and risky decision making (Cambridge Gambling Task, CGT) were also investigated. Results: VBM results revealed GM volume reductions in cortical and striatal brain regions of chronic smokers compared to non-smokers. Additionally, smokers showed heightened impulsive choices (p < 0.01, Cohen's f = 0.50) and a riskier decision- making process (p < 0.01, Cohen's f = 0.40) compared to non-smokers. GM volume reductions in the left Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) correlated with impaired impulsive and risky choices, while GM volume reductions in the left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) and Caudate correlated with heightened impulsive choices. Reduced GM volume in the left VLPFC correlated with younger age at smoking initiation (mean = 16 years). Conclusion: Smokers displayed significant GM volume reductions and related cognitive impulsivity impairments compared to non-smoker individuals. Longitudinal studies would be required to assess whether these impairments underline neurocognitive endophenotypes or if they are a consequence of tobacco exposure on the adolescent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Alberto Conti
- Division of Population and Behavioral Science, University of St. Andrews School of Medicine, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Mario Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioral Science, University of St. Andrews School of Medicine, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
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25
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Chang L, Liang H, Kandel SR, He JJ. Independent and Combined Effects of Nicotine or Chronic Tobacco Smoking and HIV on the Brain: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:658-693. [PMID: 33108618 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. Chronic smokers with HIV showed greater cognitive deficits and impulsivity, and had more psychopathological symptoms and greater neuroinflammation than HIV non-smokers or smokers without HIV infection. However, preclinical studies that evaluated the combined effects of HIV-infection and tobacco smoking are scare. The preclinical models typically used cell cultures or animal models that involved specific HIV viral proteins or the administration of nicotine to rodents. These preclinical models consistently demonstrated that nicotine had neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, leading to cognitive enhancement. Although the major addictive ingredient in tobacco smoking is nicotine, chronic smoking does not lead to improved cognitive function in humans. Therefore, preclinical studies designed to unravel the interactive effects of chronic tobacco smoking and HIV infection are needed. In this review, we summarized the preclinical studies that demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of nicotine, the neurotoxic effects of the HIV viral proteins, and the scant literature on nicotine or tobacco smoke in HIV transgenic rat models. We also reviewed the clinical studies that evaluated the neurotoxic effects of tobacco smoking, HIV infection and their combined effects on the brain, including studies that evaluated the cognitive and behavioral assessments, as well as neuroimaging measures. Lastly, we compared the different approaches between preclinical and clinical studies, identified some gaps and proposed some future directions. Graphical abstract Independent and combined effects of HIV and tobacco/nicotine. Left top and bottom panels: Both clinical studies of HIV infected persons and preclinical studies using viral proteins in vitro or in vivo in animal models showed that HIV infection could lead to neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Right top and bottom panels: While clinical studies of tobacco smoking consistently showed deleterious effects of smoking, clinical and preclinical studies that used nicotine show mild cognitive enhancement, neuroprotective and possibly anti-inflammatory effects. In the developing brain, however, nicotine is neurotoxic. Middle overlapping panels: Clinical studies of persons with HIV who were smokers typically showed additive deleterious effects of HIV and tobacco smoking. However, in the preclinical studies, when nicotine was administered to the HIV-1 Tg rats, the neurotoxic effects of HIV were attenuated, but tobacco smoke worsened the inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, HSF III, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Huajun Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, HSF III, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Suresh R Kandel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Road, Basic Science Building 2.300, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Road, Basic Science Building 2.300, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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26
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Wang C, Wang S, Shen Z, Qian W, Jiaerken Y, Luo X, Li K, Zeng Q, Gu Q, Yang Y, Huang P, Zhang M. Increased thalamic volume and decreased thalamo-precuneus functional connectivity are associated with smoking relapse. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102451. [PMID: 33022581 PMCID: PMC7548987 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus, with the highest density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain, plays a central role in thalamo-cortical circuits that are implicated in nicotine addiction. However, little is known about whether the thalamo-cortical circuits are potentially predictive of smoking relapse. In the current study, a total of 125 participants (84 treatment-seeking male smokers and 41 age-matched male nonsmokers) were recruited. Structural and functional magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired from all participants. After a 12-week smoking cessation treatment with varenicline, the smokers were then divided into relapsers (n = 54) and nonrelapsers (n = 30). Then, we compared thalamic volume and seed-based thalamo-cortical resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) prior to the cessation treatment among relapsers, nonrelapsers and nonsmokers to investigate the associations between thalamic structure/function and smoking relapse. Increased thalamic volume was detected in smokers relative to nonsmokers, and in relapsers relative to nonrelapsers, especially on the left side. Moreover, decreased left thalamo-precuneus rsFC was detected in relapsers relative to nonrelapsers. Additionally, a logistic regression analysis showed that the thalamic volume and thalamo-precuneus rsFC predicted smoking relapse with an accuracy of 75.7%. These novel findings indicate that increased thalamic volume and decreased thalamo-precuneus rsFC are associated with smoking relapse, and these thalamic measures may be used to predict treatment efficacy of nicotine addiction and serve as a potential biomarker for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanquan Gu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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27
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Wang C, Wang S, Huang P, Shen Z, Qian W, Luo X, Li K, Zeng Q, Gu Q, Yu H, Yang Y, Zhang M. Abnormal white matter tracts of insula in smokers. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 15:1955-1965. [PMID: 32974850 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine addiction is characterized as a neural circuit dysfunction, particularly with regard to the alterations in central reward pathways. The insula, a cortical region that is thought to play a central role in this reward circuitry, has been implicated in the maintenance of nicotine addiction. However, it remains largely unclear about the white matter (WM) microstructural alterations of insula in nicotine addiction and whether the WM alterations of insula could predict smoking cessation outcomes. In this study, 58 male nicotine-dependent smokers and 34 matched male nonsmoking controls were recruited. After a 12-week smoking cessation treatment with varenicline, 38 smokers relapsed, and 20 did not relapse. Diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic tractography were used to investigate the differences of WM tracts of insula between smokers and nonsmokers. Relative to nonsmokers, in the left hemisphere, smokers showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the fiber tracts of anterior insula cortex-to-nucleus accumbens and posterior insula cortex-to-nucleus accumbens; in the right hemisphere, smokers showed higher FA, and lower axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) in the fiber tracts of anterior insula cortex-to-medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior insula cortex-to-medial orbitofrontal cortex, and posterior insula cortex-to-nucleus accumbens. However, there were no differences of WM diffusion properties between relapsers and nonrelapsers. This study is the first using probabilistic tractography to exclusively clarify the precise roles of insular WM tracts in smokers, which may provide new insights into the underlying neurobiology of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanquan Gu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hualiang Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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28
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Zheng R. Meta-analysis of brain gray matter changes in chronic smokers. Eur J Radiol 2020; 132:109300. [PMID: 33010686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies based on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) had revealed brain gray matter (GM) changes in chronic smokers relative to nonsmokers. However, not all studies reported entirely consistent findings, or even opposite. The aim of this study was to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of VBM studies of chronic smokers. METHOD A systematic database search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Knowledge from January 1, 2000 to January 31, 2020 to identify eligible VBM studies. Meta-analysis was performed with the Seed-based d Mapping software package to compare alternations between chronic cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. In addition, meta-regression analysis were performed to examine the influences of cigarette per day, smoking history and FTND. RESULTS A total of 17 VBM studies including 905 smokers and 1344 nonsmokers met the inclusion criteria. The results of this meta-analysis showed that the chronic smokers showed a robust GM volume decrease in bilateral prefrontal cortex and left insular and a GM increase in the right lingual cortex and left occipital cortex. Moreover, meta-regression analysis showed that cigarette per day, smoking history and FTND were partly associated with GM changes in chronic smokers. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicated that chronic cigarette smokers had significant and robust brain GM alternations compared with nonsmokers. Longitudinal studies should be performed in the future to explore whether these brain regions could be used as potential therapeutic neuro-target for nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengui Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University 450002, Zhengzhou, China
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29
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DiFranza JR. Neural Remodeling Begins With the First Cigarette. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:629-630. [PMID: 32198003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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30
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Kangiser MM, Thomas AM, Kaiver CM, Lisdahl KM. Nicotine Effects on White Matter Microstructure in Young Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:10-21. [PMID: 31009035 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotine use is widely prevalent among youth, and is associated with white matter microstructural changes as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In adults, nicotine use is generally associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA), but in adolescents/young adults (≤30 years), microstructure appears healthier, indicated by higher FA. This cross-sectional study examined associations between nicotine use and white matter microstructure using fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in young adults. METHODS Fifty-three participants (18 nicotine users [10 female]/35 controls [17 female]) ages 18-25 underwent MRI scan, neuropsychological battery, toxicology screening, and drug use interview. Nicotine group associations with FA and MD were examined in various white matter tracts. In significant tracts, AD and RD were measured. Exploratory correlations were conducted between significant tracts and verbal memory and sustained attention/working memory performance. RESULTS Nicotine users exhibited significantly lower FA than controls in the left anterior thalamic radiation, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left superior longitudinal fasciculus-temporal, and left uncinate fasciculus. In these tracts, AD and RD did not differ, nor did MD differ in any tract. White matter quality was positively correlated with sustained attention/working memory performance. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking may disrupt white matter microstructure. These results are consistent with adult studies, but inconsistent with adolescent/young adult studies, likely due to methodological and sample age differences. Further studies should examine longitudinal effects of nicotine use on white matter microstructure in a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Kangiser
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alicia M Thomas
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christine M Kaiver
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Kim JI, Lee JD, Hwang HJ, Ki SW, Park IH, Park TY. Altered subcallosal and posterior cingulate cortex-based functional connectivity during smoking cue and mental simulation processing in smokers. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 97:109772. [PMID: 31647945 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term cigarette smoking induces sensitization of incentive salience and conditioning of contextual cues which involves brain function alteration across multiple regions. Understanding how nicotine affects hub-based functional connectivities involved in affective and cognitive function can help us determine the treatment strategy for nicotine dependence. METHOD Functional MRI was conducted on 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers while mentally simulating neutral and smoking hand movements. Smoking cue and mental simulation processing-related changes in functional connectivity strengths of the subcallosal and posterior cingulate cortex (SCC and PCC) with major brain network nodes were examined. RESULTS Compared to non-smokers, smokers showed cue-induced SCC functional connectivities which were enhanced with the intraparietal sulcus and reduced with the medial prefrontal cortex. The PCC activation and functional connectivity enhancements with the anterior insula cortex and rostro-lateral prefrontal cortex was found during smoking mental simulation. The PCC-lateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity correlated with nicotine dependence severity. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrate that smokers can be identified by cue-induced SCC functional connectivity strength decline and increment in the default mode and dorsal attention network nodes. However, nicotine dependence was associated with smoking mental simulation-related PCC-lateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity strength, suggesting that the development of nicotine dependence may depend on the strength of coupling between the default mode network and the central executive network at the cognitive level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Il Kim
- Institute of Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Doo Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Wan Ki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Yong Park
- Department of Korean Traditional Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Förster K, Enneking V, Dohm K, Redlich R, Meinert S, Geisler AI`, Leehr EJ, Kugel H, Baune BT, Arolt V, Zwitserlood P, Grotegerd D, Dannlowski U. Brain structural correlates of alexithymia in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:117-124. [PMID: 31603638 PMCID: PMC7828911 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia is a risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) and has been associated with diminished treatment response. Neuroimaging studies have revealed structural aberrations of the anterior cingulate cortex and the fusiform gyrus in healthy controls with high levels of alexithymia. The present study tried to corroborate and extend these results to patients with MDD compared with healthy controls. METHODS We investigated the relationship between alexithymia, depression and grey matter volume in 63 patients with MDD (mean age ± standard deviation = 42.43 yr ± 11.91; 33 female) and 46 healthy controls (45.35 yr ± 8.37; 22 female). We assessed alexithymia using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. We conducted an alexithymia × group analysis of covariance; we used a region-of-interest approach, including the fusiform gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex, and conducted whole brain analysis using voxelbased morphometry. RESULTS Our analysis revealed a significant alexithymia × group interaction in the fusiform gyrus (left, pFWE = 0.031; right, pFWE = 0.010). Higher alexithymia scores were associated with decreased grey matter volume in patients with MDD (pFWE = 0.009), but with increased grey matter volume of the fusiform gyrus in healthy controls (pFWE = 0.044). We found no significant main effects in the region-of-interest analysis. LIMITATIONS Owing to the naturalistic nature of our study, patients with MDD and healthy controls differed significantly in their alexithymia scores. CONCLUSION Our results showed the fusiform gyrus as a correlate of alexithymia. We also found differences related to alexithymia between patients with MDD and healthy controls in the fusiform gyrus. Our study encourages research related to the transition from risk to MDD in people with alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Förster
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Verena Enneking
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Katharina Dohm
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Ronny Redlich
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Susanne Meinert
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Adina Isabel ` Geisler
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Elisabeth Johanna Leehr
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Harald Kugel
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Volker Arolt
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Pienie Zwitserlood
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Förster, Enneking, Dohm, Redlich, Meinert, Geisler, Leehr, Baune, Arolt, Grotegerd, Dannlowski); the Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kugel); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune); the Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Zwitserlood); and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Baune)
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Ye Y, Zhang J, Huang B, Cai X, Wang P, Zeng P, Wu S, Ma J, Huang H, Liu H, Dan G, Wu G. Characterizing the Structural Pattern of Heavy Smokers Using Multivoxel Pattern Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:607003. [PMID: 33613332 PMCID: PMC7890259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.607003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking addiction is a major public health issue which causes a series of chronic diseases and mortalities worldwide. We aimed to explore the most discriminative gray matter regions between heavy smokers and healthy controls with a data-driven multivoxel pattern analysis technique, and to explore the methodological differences between multivoxel pattern analysis and voxel-based morphometry. Methods: Traditional voxel-based morphometry has continuously contributed to finding smoking addiction-related regions on structural magnetic resonance imaging. However, voxel-based morphometry has its inherent limitations. In this study, a multivoxel pattern analysis using a searchlight algorithm and support vector machine was applied on structural magnetic resonance imaging to identify the spatial pattern of gray matter volume in heavy smokers. Results: Our proposed method yielded a voxel-wise accuracy of at least 81% for classifying heavy smokers from healthy controls. The identified regions were primarily located at the temporal cortex and prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, thalamus (bilateral), insula (left), anterior and median cingulate gyri, and precuneus (left). Conclusions: Our results suggested that several regions, which were seldomly reported in voxel-based morphometry analysis, might be latently correlated with smoking addiction. Such findings might provide insights for understanding the mechanism of chronic smoking and the creation of effective cessation treatment. Multivoxel pattern analysis can be efficient in locating brain discriminative regions which were neglected by voxel-based morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ye
- Department of Radiology, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Imaging Institute of Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingsheng Huang
- Department of Radiology, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,Medical AI Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Cai
- Medical AI Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Panying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen, China.,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Medical AI Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Radiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songxiong Wu
- Medical AI Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Radiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinting Ma
- Medical AI Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Huang
- Medical AI Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guo Dan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangyao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen, China.,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Qian W, Huang P, Shen Z, Wang C, Yang Y, Zhang M. Brain Gray Matter Volume and Functional Connectivity Are Associated With Smoking Cessation Outcomes. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:361. [PMID: 31680913 PMCID: PMC6803765 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking cessation is critical for reducing the risk of respiratory, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. However, most cessation attempts resulted in failure. In the present study, we aim to explore whether alterations of brain gray matter (GM) volume and functional connectivity (FC) are related to cessation outcomes, in hope of providing evidence for improving smoking cessation outcomes. Seventy-three smokers and 41 non-smokers were enrolled in the present study. All smokers participated in a 12-week smoking cessation treatment during which Varenicline was used to aid cessation. At the end of treatment, the smokers were divided into quitters and relapsers based on their abstinence performance. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry were applied to quantify the differences of regional brain volumes among the three groups at baseline. In addition, resting-state FC was used to investigate the related functional changes. In comparison with non-smokers, the smokers showed smaller GM volume in the left dorsal medial thalamus. Among the 73 smokers, 29 subjects successfully quitted smoking. The quitters showed greater GM volume than the relapsers in the right postcentral gyrus, right putamen\caudate nucleus and left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The GM volume in the left OFC was found to be negatively correlated with the pack years and daily smoking amount in the quitters. Furthermore, we found significantly reduced FC between left thalamus and left cerebellum in the relapsers. These findings extended our knowledge of the neural mechanism of smoking cessation, and suggested that brain structural and functional changes were related to smoking cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Abdolahi A, Williams GC, van Wijngaarden E. Implications of insular cortex laterality for treatment of nicotine addiction. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 201:178-181. [PMID: 31234014 PMCID: PMC6629032 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage to the insula disrupts nicotine-induced cravings and is associated with greater odds of cessation. The role of laterality in regulating these changes is unclear. Neuroimaging studies in cigarette smokers show left hemispheric activation during a period of forced withdrawal and right hemispheric activation after having just smoked. Among current smokers hospitalized for stroke involving their insula, we compared left versus right insular damage and its effect on smoking outcomes. METHODS A total of 37 smokers hospitalized with unilateral insular strokes (14 right, 23 left) were administered questionnaires to assess urge (Questionnaire on Smoking Urges) before (retrospectively) and during hospitalization and 3 months post-stroke, withdrawal during hospitalization (Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale), and prolonged abstinence at 3 months post-stroke. Crude and adjusted linear regression models were performed controlling for baseline covariates. RESULTS Right and left insular-damaged smokers experienced a significant decrease in urge from baseline to hospitalization and three-month follow-up (p < 0.01). Smokers with left-sided insular infarcts relative to right-sided experienced a larger decrease in acute urge (adjusted β=-1.16, 95% CI: -2.59, 0.27, p = 0.11) but not chronically (adjusted β=-0.06, 95% CI: -1.53, 1.40, p = 0.93). Left-sided insular damage was also associated with significantly fewer and less severe withdrawal symptoms during hospitalization (adjusted β=-3.52, 95% CI: -7.01, -0.04, p = 0.05). No differences were noted between groups for prolonged abstinence (p = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS Left insular adaptations are suggestive to have an impact on acute changes in urge and withdrawal more so than the right insula, however lateral asymmetries did not exist for long-term changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdolahi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd. CU 420644 Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Geoffrey C. Williams
- Departments of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd. CU 420644 Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Lin F, Wu G, Zhu L, Lei H. Region-Specific Changes of Insular Cortical Thickness in Heavy Smokers. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:265. [PMID: 31417384 PMCID: PMC6685069 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insula plays an essential role in maintaining the addiction to cigarette smoking and smoking-related alterations on the insular volume and density have been reported in smokers. However, less is known about the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the insular cortical thickness. In this study, we explored the region-specific changes of insular cortical thickness in heavy smokers and their relations with smoking-related variables. 37 heavy smokers (29 males, mean age 47.19 ± 7.22 years) and 37 non-smoking healthy controls (29 males, mean age 46.95 ± 8.45 years) participated in the study. Subregional insular cortical thickness was evaluated and compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate relationships between the insular cortical thickness and clinical characteristics in heavy smokers. There was no statistical difference on the cortical thickness in the left insula (p = 0.536) between the two groups while heavy smokers had a slightly thinner cortical thickness in the right insula (p = 0.048). In addition, heavy smokers showed a greater cortical thinning in the anterior (p = 0.0084) and superior (p = 0.0054) segment of the circular sulcus of the right insula as well as the inferior (p = 0.012) segment of the circular sulcus of the left insula. Moreover, the cortical thickness of the superior segment of the circular sulcus of the left insula was correlated negatively with nicotine severity (r = −0.423; p = 0.009) and the longer cigarette exposure was associated with the cortical thinning in the long insular gyrus and central sulcus of the right insula (r = −0.475; p = 0.003). Our findings indicate that chronic cigarette use is associated with region-specific insular thinning, which has the potential to improve our understanding of the specific roles of insular subregions in nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Lin
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Medical College of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lei
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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37
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Ibrahim C, Rubin-Kahana DS, Pushparaj A, Musiol M, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ, Zangen A, Le Foll B. The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:720. [PMID: 31312138 PMCID: PMC6614510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a growing public health concern with only a limited number of approved treatments. However, even approved treatments are subject to limited efficacy with high long-term relapse rates. Current treatment approaches are typically a combination of pharmacotherapies and behavioral counselling. Growing evidence and technological advances suggest the potential of brain stimulation techniques for the treatment of SUDs. There are three main brain stimulation techniques that are outlined in this review: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The insula, a region of the cerebral cortex, is known to be involved in critical aspects underlying SUDs, such as interoception, decision making, anxiety, pain perception, cognition, mood, threat recognition, and conscious urges. This review focuses on both the preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrating the role of the insula in addiction, thereby demonstrating its promise as a target for brain stimulation. Future research should evaluate the optimal parameters for brain stimulation of the insula, through the use of relevant biomarkers and clinical outcomes for SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ibrahim
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dafna S. Rubin-Kahana
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abhiram Pushparaj
- Qunuba Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ironstone Product Development, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Daniel M. Blumberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J. Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Addictions Division, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hsu LM, Keeley RJ, Liang X, Brynildsen JK, Lu H, Yang Y, Stein EA. Intrinsic Insular-Frontal Networks Predict Future Nicotine Dependence Severity. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5028-5037. [PMID: 30992371 PMCID: PMC6670258 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0140-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 60% of the US population have tried smoking cigarettes, only 16% smoke regularly. Identifying this susceptible subset of the population before the onset of nicotine dependence may encourage targeted early interventions to prevent regular smoking and/or minimize severity. While prospective neuroimaging in human populations can be challenging, preclinical neuroimaging models before chronic nicotine administration can help to develop translational biomarkers of disease risk. Chronic, intermittent nicotine (0, 1.2, or 4.8 mg/kg/d; N = 10-11/group) was administered to male Sprague Dawley rats for 14 d; dependence severity was quantified using precipitated withdrawal behaviors collected before, during, and following forced nicotine abstinence. Resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (FC) before drug administration was subjected to a graph theory analytical framework to form a predictive model of subsequent individual differences in nicotine dependence. Whole-brain modularity analysis identified five modules in the rat brain. A metric of intermodule connectivity, participation coefficient, of an identified insular-frontal cortical module predicted subsequent dependence severity, independent of nicotine dose. To better spatially isolate this effect, this module was subjected to a secondary exploratory modularity analysis, which segregated it into three submodules (frontal-motor, insular, and sensory). Higher FC among these three submodules and three of the five originally identified modules (striatal, frontal-executive, and sensory association) also predicted dependence severity. These data suggest that predispositional, intrinsic differences in circuit strength between insular-frontal-based brain networks before drug exposure may identify those at highest risk for the development of nicotine dependence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Developing biomarkers of individuals at high risk for addiction before the onset of this brain-based disease is essential for prevention, early intervention, and/or subsequent treatment decisions. Using a rodent model of nicotine dependence and a novel data-driven, network-based analysis of resting-state fMRI data collected before drug exposure, functional connections centered on an intrinsic insular-frontal module predicted the severity of nicotine dependence after drug exposure. The predictive capacity of baseline network measures was specific to inter-regional but not within-region connectivity. While insular and frontal regions have consistently been implicated in nicotine dependence, this is the first study to reveal that innate, individual differences in their circuit strength have the predictive capacity to identify those at greatest risk for and resilience to drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Hsu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Robin J Keeley
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Xia Liang
- Research Center of Basic Space Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi 150001, Heilongjiang Sheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Julia K Brynildsen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
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Hampton WH, Hanik IM, Olson IR. Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of diffusion tensor imaging research. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:288-298. [PMID: 30875650 PMCID: PMC6440853 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who abuse substances often differ from nonusers in their brain structure. Substance abuse and addiction is often associated with atrophy and pathology of grey matter, but much less is known about the role of white matter, which constitutes over half of human brain volume. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a method for non-invasively estimating white matter, is increasingly being used to study addiction and substance abuse. Here we review recent DTI studies of major substances of abuse (alcohol, opiates, cocaine, cannabis, and nicotine substance abuse) to examine the relationship, specificity, causality, and permanence of substance-related differences in white matter microstructure. Across substance, users tended to exhibit differences in the microstructure of major fiber pathways, such as the corpus callosum. The direction of these differences, however, appeared substance-dependent. The subsample of longitudinal studies reviewed suggests that substance abuse may cause changes in white matter, though it is unclear to what extent such alterations are permanent. While collectively informative, some studies reviewed were limited by methodological and technical approach. We therefore also provide methodological guidance for future research using DTI to study substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hampton
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, United States
| | - Italia M Hanik
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, United States
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, United States.
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Chaarani B, Kan KJ, Mackey S, Spechler PA, Potter A, Orr C, D'Alberto N, Hudson KE, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Cattrell A, Conrod PJ, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Nees F, Papadopoulos-Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Higgins ST, Schumann G, Althoff RR, Stein EA, Garavan H. Low Smoking Exposure, the Adolescent Brain, and the Modulating Role of CHRNA5 Polymorphisms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:672-679. [PMID: 31072760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying the neural consequences of tobacco smoking during adolescence, including those associated with early light use, may help expose the mechanisms that underlie the transition from initial use to nicotine dependence in adulthood. However, only a few studies in adolescents exist, and they include small samples. In addition, the neural mechanism, if one exists, that links nicotinic receptor genes to smoking behavior in adolescents is still unknown. METHODS Structural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from a large sample of 14-year-old adolescents who completed an extensive battery of neuropsychological, clinical, personality, and drug-use assessments. Additional assessments were conducted at 16 years of age. RESULTS Exposure to smoking in adolescents, even at low doses, is linked to volume changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and to altered neuronal connectivity in the corpus callosum. The longitudinal analyses strongly suggest that these effects are not preexisting conditions in those who progress to smoking. There was a genetic contribution wherein the volume reduction effects were magnified in smokers who were carriers of the high-risk genotype of the alpha 5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene, rs16969968. CONCLUSIONS These findings give insight into a mechanism involving genes, brain structure, and connectivity underlying why some adolescents find nicotine especially addictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Chaarani
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
| | - Kees-Jan Kan
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Scott Mackey
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Philip A Spechler
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Alexandra Potter
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Catherine Orr
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicholas D'Alberto
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kelsey E Hudson
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Cattrell
- Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Robert R Althoff
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Elliot A Stein
- The National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
| | -
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
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Wang C, Huang P, Shen Z, Qian W, Li K, Luo X, Zeng Q, Guo T, Yu H, Yang Y, Zhang M. Gray matter volumes of insular subregions are not correlated with smoking cessation outcomes but negatively correlated with nicotine dependence severity in chronic smokers. Neurosci Lett 2018; 696:7-12. [PMID: 30543846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The insula, a cortical region that integrates heterogeneous signals about internal states and contributes to executive functions, has been implicated as an important role in the maintenance of nicotine dependence. Previous studies have indicated that insula damage may contribute to quitting smoking successfully, but few studies have examined whether quitting successfully is related to cortical structural integrity of insular subregions before smoking cessation treatment. Moreover, although prior researches have shown group differences in insular cortex structure in chronic cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers, less is known about how cortical structural integrity of insular subregions relate to smoking behaviors in smokers. This study, therefore, aimed to (1) further explore the association between the cortical structural integrity of insular subregions prior to the target quit date and the treatment outcomes of smoking cessation therapy; and (2) further evaluate how the cortical structural integrity of insular subregions are related to smoking behaviors. In the present study, a total of 83 smokers and 41 nonsmokers were enrolled and high-resolution structural magnetic resonance images were acquired from all participants. After a 12-week smoking cessation treatment, 28 smokers succeeded in quitting smoking, 46 failed, and 9 were unable to be contacted. Our analysis showed that gray-matter volume of bilateral anterior insula were negatively correlated with nicotine dependence scores. However, the smoking cessation outcomes showed no correlations with the gray-matter volume and seed-based structural covariance network of insular subregions prior to smoking cessation. The present study further clarified the more precise roles of the insular cortex in smoking behaviors, which might improve the understanding of the mechanism in the nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hualiang Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang S, Zhang R, Deng Y, Chen K, Xiao D, Peng P, Jiang T. Discrimination of smoking status by MRI based on deep learning method. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:1113-1120. [PMID: 30701165 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the feasibility of deep learning-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the prediction of smoking status. Methods The head MRI 3D-T1WI images of 127 subjects (61 smokers and 66 non-smokers) were collected, and 176 image slices obtained for each subject. These subjects were 23-45 years old, and the smokers had at least 5 years of smoking experience. Approximate 25% of the subjects were randomly selected as the test set (15 smokers and 16 non-smokers), and the remaining subjects as the training set. Two deep learning models were developed: deep 3D convolutional neural network (Conv3D) and convolution neural network plus a recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short-term memory architecture (ConvLSTM). Results In the prediction of smoking status, Conv3D model achieved an accuracy of 80.6% (25/31), a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 81.3%, and ConvLSTM model achieved an accuracy of 93.5% (29/31), a sensitivity of 93.33% and a specificity of 93.75%. The accuracy obtained by these methods was significantly higher than that (<70%) obtained with support vector machine (SVM) methods. Conclusions The deep learning-based MRI can accurately predict smoking status. Studies with large sample size are needed to improve the accuracy and to predict the level of nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangkun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10020, China
| | | | | | | | - Dan Xiao
- Tobacco Medicine and Tobacco Cessation Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10020, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10020, China
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Liang H, Chang L, Chen R, Oishi K, Ernst T. Independent and Combined Effects of Chronic HIV-Infection and Tobacco Smoking on Brain Microstructure. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 13:509-522. [PMID: 30225549 PMCID: PMC6247419 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals (HIV+) have 2-3 times higher prevalence of tobacco smoking than the general U.S. population. This study aims to evaluate the independent and combined effects of tobacco-smoking and HIV-infection on brain microstructure and cognition using a 2 × 2 design. 21 HIV + Smokers, 25 HIV + Nonsmokers, 25 Seronegative (SN)-Smokers and 23 SN-Nonsmokers were evaluated using diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), radial (RD) and axial (AD) diffusivity were assessed in 8 major cerebral fiber tracts and 5 subcortical regions. Cognitive performance in 7 neurocognitive domains was also assessed. Compared to SN, HIV+ had higher AD in genu of corpus callosum (GCC, p = 0.002). Smokers also had higher diffusivities in GCC, splenium of corpus callosum (SCC), anterior corona radiata (ACR), sagittal stratum (SS) and superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFO), than Nonsmokers (p-values<0.001-0.003). Tobacco-Smoking and HIV-infection showed synergistic effects on AD_SS (p = 0.002) and RD_SFO (p = 0.02), but opposite effects in FA_putamen (p = 0.024). Additive effects from HIV+ and Tobacco-Smoking were observed in 9 other white matter tracts, with highest diffusivities and lowest FA in HIV + Smokers. Higher diffusivities in the GCC, SCC, ACR and SS predicted poorer cognitive performance across all participants (p ≤ 0.001). Higher AD_GCC also predicted slower Speed of information processing and poorer Fluency and Attention only in HIV + Smokers (p = 0.001-0.003). Chronic tobacco smoking and HIV-infection appear to have additive and synergistic adverse effects on brain diffusivities, suggesting greater neuroinflammation, which may contribute to poorer cognition. Therefore, chronic tobacco-smoking may be a risk factor for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Liang
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 419 W. Redwood Street, Suite 225, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 419 W. Redwood Street, Suite 225, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 419 W. Redwood Street, Suite 225, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 419 W. Redwood Street, Suite 225, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zou Y, Murray DE, Durazzo TC, Schmidt TP, Murray TA, Meyerhoff DJ. White matter microstructural correlates of relapse in alcohol dependence. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 281:92-100. [PMID: 30273793 PMCID: PMC6204088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Identification of neural correlates of relapse to alcohol after treatment is clinically important as it may inform better substance abuse treatment. Few studies have specifically analyzed the white matter microstructure in treatment seekers as it might relate to relapse risk versus long-term abstinence. Using 4 Tesla diffusion tensor imaging, we compared two groups of one-month-abstinent treatment-seekers, who were classified based on their drinking status between six and nine months after treatment initiation. We hypothesized that subsequent relapsers had greater white matter microstructural deficits in specific brain regions than long-term abstainers. At one month of abstinence, 37 future relapsers versus 25 future abstainers had lower fractional anisotropy (a measure of axonal organization and membrane integrity) in the corpus callosum and right stria terminalis/fornix, higher diffusivity in the genu of the corpus callosum, left and right stria terminalis/fornix, and lower diffusivity in left anterior corona radiata. These differences existed despite similar lifetime and recent drinking and smoking histories in the groups. Longer smoking duration in relapsers was associated with lower fractional anisotropy in right stria terminalis/fornix. The study identified specific microstructural biomarkers of alcohol relapse risk in adults, contributing to the definition of a neurobiological relapse risk profile in alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Zou
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Donna E Murray
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Timothy C Durazzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Mental Illness Research Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers, Sierra-Pacific War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Thomas P Schmidt
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States
| | - Troy A Murray
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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van Beers M, Janssen DJA, Gosker HR, Schols AMWJ. Cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: disease burden, determinants and possible future interventions. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:1061-1074. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1533405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van Beers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy J. A. Janssen
- Department of Research & Education, CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise for Palliative Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry R. Gosker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M. W. J. Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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He Q, Huang X, Turel O, Schulte M, Huang D, Thames A, Bechara A, Hser YI. Presumed structural and functional neural recovery after long-term abstinence from cocaine in male military veterans. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:18-29. [PMID: 29410011 PMCID: PMC5880688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence suggests that cocaine use could alter the structure and function of different brain systems. However, the extent to which the altered brain structure and function possibly recover over time after cocaine abstinence remains less clear. The present study examines 39 male military veterans with different stages of cocaine addiction and long-term abstinence (from 1 year up to 30 years) and evaluates plausible changes in brain structure and function of specific brain regions that sub-serve addictions. These include the striatum that is involved in cocaine reward; the lateral prefrontal cortex (especially the dorsolateral PFC) that plays a major role in inhibitory control; the insula, which has been implicated in craving; and the medial orbitofrontal (OFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) shown to play key roles in foresight and decision-making. The results suggest that there are differences in both brain structure (gray matter volume, GMV) and function between cocaine USERS and CONTROLS, with USERS showing plausible relative strengthening in neural systems for processing reward and craving, and relative weakening in neural systems involved in inhibitory control and decision-making. Examination of possible neural changes after abstinence suggests that presumed recovery occurs mostly in neural systems related to reward, craving, and inhibitory control, but to a lesser extent in neural systems related to decision-making. Given the limitations of the data in terms of a small sample size, as well as the lack of certainty about occasional use in the abstinent group, these results may be considered as preliminary. However, they are compelling in that they suggest that male military veterans cocaine USERS are indefinitely at a higher risk compared to CONTROLS for making lapses in judgment and decision-making leading to possible relapse, if reward salience and craving become more intense. Understanding the neurobiology of long-term cocaine abstinence in vulnerable populations and beyond could help devising better therapeutic strategies that prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaolu Huang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marya Schulte
- Center for Advancing Longitudinal Drug Abuse Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Huang
- Center for Advancing Longitudinal Drug Abuse Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - April Thames
- Center for Advancing Longitudinal Drug Abuse Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yih-Ing Hser
- Center for Advancing Longitudinal Drug Abuse Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Porter A, Leckie R, Verstynen T. White matter pathways as both a target and mediator of health behaviors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1428:71-88. [PMID: 29749627 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Health behaviors arise from the dynamics of highly interconnected networks in the brain and variability in these networks drives individual differences in behavior. In this review, we show how many factors that predict the physical health of the body also correlate with variability of the myelinated fascicles, called white matter, that connect brain regions together. The general pattern present in the literature is that as predictors of physical health decline, there is often a coincident reduction in the integrity of major white matter pathways. We also highlight a plausible mechanism, inflammatory pathways, whereby health-related activation of the immune system can impact the myelin sheath, a protective tissue that facilitates long range communication in the brain. The growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that degrading health in the periphery may disrupt the communication efficiency of the macroscopic neural circuits that mediate complex behaviors, which can in turn contribute to poorer physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Porter
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Regina Leckie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Chumin EJ, Goñi J, Halcomb ME, Durazzo TC, Džemidžić M, Yoder KK. Differences in White Matter Microstructure and Connectivity in Nontreatment-Seeking Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:889-896. [PMID: 29543332 PMCID: PMC5919256 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been widely used to investigate the integrity of white matter (WM; indexed by fractional anisotropy [FA]) in alcohol dependence and cigarette smoking. These disorders are highly comorbid, yet cigarette use has often not been adequately controlled in neuroimaging studies of alcohol-dependent populations. In addition, information on WM deficits in currently drinking, nontreatment-seeking (NTS) individuals with alcohol dependence is limited. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate WM microstructural integrity in alcohol use disorder by comparing matched samples of cigarette smoking NTS and social drinkers (SD). METHODS Thirty-eight smoking NTS and 19 smoking SD subjects underwent DWI as well as structural magnetic resonance imaging. After an in-house preprocessing of the DWI data, FA images were analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). FA obtained from the TBSS skeleton was tested for correlation with recent alcohol consumption. RESULTS Smoking NTS had lower FA relative to smoking SD, predominantly in the left hemisphere (p < 0.05, family-wise error rate corrected across FA skeleton). Across the full sample, FA and number of drinks per week were negatively related (ρ = -0.348, p = 0.008). Qualitative analyses of the structural connections through compromised WM as identified by TBSS showed differential connectivity of gray matter in NTS compared to SD subjects of left frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS NTS subjects had lower WM FA than SD, indicating compromised WM integrity in the NTS population. The inverse relationship of entire WM skeleton FA with self-reported alcohol consumption supports previous evidence of a continuum of detrimental effects of alcohol consumption on WM. These results provide additional evidence that alcohol dependence is associated with reduced WM integrity in currently drinking NTS alcohol-dependent individuals, after controlling for the key variable of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny J. Chumin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Meredith E. Halcomb
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Timothy C. Durazzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mario Džemidžić
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karmen K. Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Frazer KM, Richards Q, Keith DR. The long-term effects of cocaine use on cognitive functioning: A systematic critical review. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:241-262. [PMID: 29673580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predominant view of chronic cocaine use maintains that it causes a broad range of cognitive deficits. However, concerns about the possibly deleterious impact of cocaine on cognitive functioning have yet to be thoroughly vetted. This review addresses the impact of cocaine use on such cognitive domains as executive function, memory, language, and psychomotor speed. Additionally, relevant neuroimaging data is considered to understand the neural basis underlying cocaine-related effects on cognitive functioning. METHODS We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase using the search terms "cocaine and cognition," "cocaine and cognitive functioning," and "cocaine and cognitive deficits or impairment." To meet inclusion criteria we evaluated only cognitive and neuroimaging studies describing the long-term effects of cocaine on cognitive functioning published from 1999 to 2016. RESULTS The majority of studies reported statistically significant differences between cocaine users and non-drug-using controls in brain structures, blood-oxygen-level dependent signals, and brain metabolism. However, differences in cognitive performance were observed on a minority of measures. Additionally, the majority of studies were not compared against normative data. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence does not support the view that chronic cocaine use is associated with broad cognitive deficits. The view that cocaine users have broad cognitive deficits is inaccurate based upon current evidence, and the perpetuation of this view may have negative implications for treatment programs and development of public policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Frazer
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Qwynten Richards
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Diana R Keith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
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Yokoyama N, Sasaki H, Mori Y, Ono M, Tsurumi K, Kawada R, Matsumoto Y, Yoshihara Y, Sugihara G, Miyata J, Murai T, Takahashi H. Additive Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Gray Matter Abnormalities in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:535-541. [PMID: 29036371 PMCID: PMC5890451 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that there is a high prevalence of cigarette smoking in schizophrenia. One of the explanations is the self-medication hypothesis. Based on this hypothesis, it has been suggested that nicotine has procognitive effect or even neuroprotective effect in schizophrenia. However, cigarettes contain numerous neurotoxic substances, making the net effect of cigarette smoking on brain function and structure complex. Indeed, recent studies have called into question the self-medication hypothesis. We aimed to test whether there is an interaction between diagnosis and smoking status in gray matter volume, ie, whether smoking has specific effects on gray matter or whether main effects of these 2 variables additively affect common brain regions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were obtained from 4 groups: (1) normal controls with no smoking history, (2) normal controls currently smoking and/or with a past history of smoking, (3) schizophrenia patients with no smoking history, and (4) schizophrenia patients currently smoking and/or with a past history of smoking. We used voxel-based morphometry to compare gray matter volumes among the 4 groups. We did not find any interaction between diagnosis and smoking, but we did find negative additive effects of schizophrenia diagnosis and smoking status in the left prefrontal cortex. The decrease in left prefrontal volume was associated with greater numbers of cigarette pack years and severe positive and negative symptoms. The current findings do not support the neuroprotective effect of smoking on gross brain structure in schizophrenia, emphasizing the necessity of longitudinal studies to test causal relationships among these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yokoyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsurumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosaku Kawada
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yujiro Yoshihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; tel: +81-75-751-3386, fax: +81-75-751-3246, e-mail:
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