1
|
Kristanto D, Burkhardt M, Thiel C, Debener S, Gießing C, Hildebrandt A. The multiverse of data preprocessing and analysis in graph-based fMRI: A systematic literature review of analytical choices fed into a decision support tool for informed analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105846. [PMID: 39117132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The large number of different analytical choices used by researchers is partly responsible for the challenge of replication in neuroimaging studies. For an exhaustive robustness analysis, knowledge of the full space of analytical options is essential. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify the analytical decisions in functional neuroimaging data preprocessing and analysis in the emerging field of cognitive network neuroscience. We found 61 different steps, with 17 of them having debatable parameter choices. Scrubbing, global signal regression, and spatial smoothing are among the controversial steps. There is no standardized order in which different steps are applied, and the parameter settings within several steps vary widely across studies. By aggregating the pipelines across studies, we propose three taxonomic levels to categorize analytical choices: 1) inclusion or exclusion of specific steps, 2) parameter tuning within steps, and 3) distinct sequencing of steps. We have developed a decision support application with high educational value called METEOR to facilitate access to the data in order to design well-informed robustness (multiverse) analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kristanto
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
| | - Micha Burkhardt
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Christiane Thiel
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Debener
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Gießing
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Satake T, Taki A, Kasahara K, Yoshimaru D, Tsurugizawa T. Comparison of local activation, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity in the N-back task. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1337976. [PMID: 38516310 PMCID: PMC10955471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1337976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The N-back task is widely used to investigate working memory. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that local brain activation depends on the difficulty of the N-back task. Recently, changes in functional connectivity and local activation during a task, such as a single-hand movement task, have been reported to give the distinct information. However, previous studies have not investigated functional connectivity changes in the entire brain during N-back tasks. In this study, we compared alterations in functional connectivity and local activation related to the difficulty of the N-back task. Because structural connectivity has been reported to be associated with local activation, we also investigated the relationship between structural connectivity and accuracy in a N-back task using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Changes in functional connectivity depend on the difficulty of the N-back task in a manner different from local activation, and the 2-back task is the best method for investigating working memory. This indicates that local activation and functional connectivity reflect different neuronal events during the N-back task. The top 10 structural connectivities associated with accuracy in the 2-back task were locally activated during the 2-back task. Therefore, structural connectivity as well as fMRI will be useful for predicting the accuracy of the 2-back task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Satake
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ai Taki
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kasahara
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshimaru
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tsurugizawa
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kowalczyk OS, Cubillo AI, Criaud M, Giampietro V, O'Daly OG, Mehta MA, Rubia K. Single-dose effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on functional connectivity during an n-back task in boys with ADHD. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2045-2060. [PMID: 37500785 PMCID: PMC10506949 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Working memory deficits and associated neurofunctional abnormalities are frequently reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methylphenidate and atomoxetine improve working memory performance and increase activation of regions under-functioning in ADHD. Additionally, methylphenidate has been observed to modulate functional networks involved in working memory. No research, however, has examined the effects of atomoxetine or compared the two drugs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to test methylphenidate and atomoxetine effects on functional connectivity during working memory in boys with ADHD. METHODS We tested comparative effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on functional connectivity during the n-back task in 19 medication-naïve boys with ADHD (10-15 years old) relative to placebo and assessed potential normalisation effects of brain dysfunctions under placebo relative to 20 age-matched neurotypical boys. Patients were scanned in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over design under single doses of methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and placebo. Controls were scanned once, unmedicated. RESULTS Patients under placebo showed abnormally increased connectivity between right superior parietal gyrus (rSPG) and left central operculum/insula. This hyperconnectivity was not observed when patients were under methylphenidate or atomoxetine. Furthermore, under methylphenidate, patients showed increased connectivity relative to controls between right middle frontal gyrus (rMFG) and cingulo-temporo-parietal and striato-thalamic regions, and between rSPG and cingulo-parietal areas. Interrogating these networks within patients revealed increased connectivity between both rMFG and rSPG and right supramarginal gyrus under methylphenidate relative to placebo. Nonetheless, no differences across drug conditions were observed within patients at whole brain level. No drug effects on performance were observed. CONCLUSIONS This study shows shared modulating effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on parieto-insular connectivity but exclusive effects of methylphenidate on connectivity increases in fronto-temporo-parietal and fronto-striato-thalamic networks in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Kowalczyk
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Ana I Cubillo
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Criaud
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Owen G O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chuang KC, Ramakrishnapillai S, Madden K, St Amant J, McKlveen K, Gwizdala K, Dhullipudi R, Bazzano L, Carmichael O. Brain effective connectivity and functional connectivity as markers of lifespan vascular exposures in middle-aged adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1110434. [PMID: 36998317 PMCID: PMC10043334 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionEffective connectivity (EC), the causal influence that functional activity in a source brain location exerts over functional activity in a target brain location, has the potential to provide different information about brain network dynamics than functional connectivity (FC), which quantifies activity synchrony between locations. However, head-to-head comparisons between EC and FC from either task-based or resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data are rare, especially in terms of how they associate with salient aspects of brain health.MethodsIn this study, 100 cognitively-healthy participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study aged 54.2 ± 4.3years completed Stroop task-based fMRI, resting-state fMRI. EC and FC among 24 regions of interest (ROIs) previously identified as involved in Stroop task execution (EC-task and FC-task) and among 33 default mode network ROIs (EC-rest and FC-rest) were calculated from task-based and resting-state fMRI using deep stacking networks and Pearson correlation. The EC and FC measures were thresholded to generate directed and undirected graphs, from which standard graph metrics were calculated. Linear regression models related graph metrics to demographic, cardiometabolic risk factors, and cognitive function measures.ResultsWomen and whites (compared to men and African Americans) had better EC-task metrics, and better EC-task metrics associated with lower blood pressure, white matter hyperintensity volume, and higher vocabulary score (maximum value of p = 0.043). Women had better FC-task metrics, and better FC-task metrics associated with APOE-ε4 3–3 genotype and better hemoglobin-A1c, white matter hyperintensity volume and digit span backwards score (maximum value of p = 0.047). Better EC rest metrics associated with lower age, non-drinker status, and better BMI, white matter hyperintensity volume, logical memory II total score, and word reading score (maximum value of p = 0.044). Women and non-drinkers had better FC-rest metrics (value of p = 0.004).DiscussionIn a diverse, cognitively healthy, middle-aged community sample, EC and FC based graph metrics from task-based fMRI data, and EC based graph metrics from resting-state fMRI data, were associated with recognized indicators of brain health in differing ways. Future studies of brain health should consider taking both task-based and resting-state fMRI scans and measuring both EC and FC analyses to get a more complete picture of functional networks relevant to brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Cheng Chuang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kai-Cheng Chuang,
| | - Sreekrishna Ramakrishnapillai
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Madden
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Julia St Amant
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Kevin McKlveen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Kathryn Gwizdala
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Lydia Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vazquez-Trejo V, Nardos B, Schlaggar BL, Fair DA, Miranda-Dominguez O. Use of connectotyping on task functional MRI data reveals dynamic network level cross talking during task performance. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:951907. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.951907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Task-based functional MRI (fMRI) has greatly improved understanding of brain functioning, enabling the identification of brain areas associated with specific cognitive operations. Traditional analyses are limited to associating activation patterns in particular regions with specific cognitive operation, largely ignoring regional cross-talk or dynamic connectivity, which we propose is crucial for characterization of brain function in the context of task fMRI. We use connectotyping, which efficiently models functional brain connectivity to reveal the progression of temporal brain connectivity patterns in task fMRI. Connectotyping was employed on data from twenty-four participants (12 male, mean age 24.8 years, 2.57 std. dev) who performed a widely spaced event-related fMRI word vs. pseudoword decision task, where stimuli were presented every 20 s. After filtering for movement, we ended up with 15 participants that completed each trial and had enough usable data for our analyses. Connectivity matrices were calculated per participant across time for each stimuli type. A Repeated Measures ANOVA applied on the connectotypes was used to characterize differences across time for words and pseudowords. Our group level analyses found significantly different dynamic connectivity patterns during word vs. pseudoword processing between the Fronto-Parietal and Cingulo-Parietal Systems, areas involved in cognitive task control, memory retrieval, and semantic processing. Our findings support the presence of dynamic changes in functional connectivity during task execution and that such changes can be characterized using connectotyping but not with traditional Pearson’s correlations.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao M, Wu Z, Li X. GAT-FD: An integrated MATLAB toolbox for graph theoretical analysis of task-related functional dynamics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267456. [PMID: 35446912 PMCID: PMC9022818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity has been demonstrated to be varying over time during sensory and cognitive processes. Quantitative examinations of such variations can significantly advance our understanding on large-scale functional organizations and their topological dynamics that support normal brain functional connectome and can be altered in individuals with brain disorders. However, toolboxes that integrate the complete functions for analyzing task-related brain functional connectivity, functional network topological properties, and their dynamics, are still lacking. The current study has developed a MATLAB toolbox, the Graph Theoretical Analysis of Task-Related Functional Dynamics (GAT-FD), which consists of four modules for sliding-window analyses, temporal mask generation, estimations of network properties and dynamics, and result display, respectively. All the involved functions have been tested and validated using functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected from human subjects when performing a block-designed task. The results demonstrated that the GAT-FD allows for effective and quantitative evaluations of the functional network properties and their dynamics during the task period. As an open-source and user-friendly package, the GAT-FD and its detailed user manual are freely available at https://www.nitrc.org/projects/gat_fd and https://centers.njit.edu/cnnl/gat_fd/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Z, Cao M, Di X, Wu K, Gao Y, Li X. Regional Topological Aberrances of White Matter- and Gray Matter-Based Functional Networks for Attention Processing May Foster Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Attention Deficits in Adults. Brain Sci 2021; 12:brainsci12010016. [PMID: 35053760 PMCID: PMC8774280 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent in adults. TBI-related functional brain alterations have been linked with common post-TBI neurobehavioral sequelae, with unknown neural substrates. This study examined the systems-level functional brain alterations in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) for visual sustained-attention processing, and their interactions and contributions to post-TBI attention deficits. Task-based functional MRI data were collected from 42 adults with TBI and 43 group-matched normal controls (NCs), and analyzed using the graph theoretic technique. Global and nodal topological properties were calculated and compared between the two groups. Correlation analyses were conducted between the neuroimaging measures that showed significant between-group differences and the behavioral symptom measures in attention domain in the groups of TBI and NCs, respectively. Significantly altered nodal efficiencies and/or degrees in several WM and GM nodes were reported in the TBI group, including the posterior corona radiata (PCR), posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), postcentral gyrus (PoG), and superior temporal sulcus (STS). Subjects with TBI also demonstrated abnormal systems-level functional synchronization between the PTR and STS in the right hemisphere, hypo-interaction between the PCR and PoG in the left hemisphere, as well as the involvement of systems-level functional aberrances in the PCR in TBI-related behavioral impairments in the attention domain. The findings of the current study suggest that TBI-related systems-level functional alterations associated with these two major-association WM tracts, and their anatomically connected GM regions may play critical role in TBI-related behavioral deficits in attention domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.C.); (X.D.)
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.C.); (X.D.)
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510630, China;
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 11210, USA;
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.C.); (X.D.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-973-596-5880
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Altered Structural Covariance of Insula, Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Somatic Symptom Levels in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121580. [PMID: 34942882 PMCID: PMC8699158 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatization, defined as the presence of multiple somatic symptoms, frequently occurs in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and may constitute the clinical manifestation of a neurobiological sensitization process. Brain imaging data was acquired with T1 weighted 3 tesla MRI, and gray matter morphometry were analyzed using FreeSurfer. We investigated differences in networks of structural covariance, based on graph analysis, between regional gray matter volumes in IBS-related brain regions between IBS patients with high and low somatization levels, and compared them to healthy controls (HCs). When comparing IBS low somatization (N = 31), IBS high somatization (N = 35), and HCs (N = 31), we found: (1) higher centrality and neighbourhood connectivity of prefrontal cortex subregions in IBS high somatization compared to healthy controls; (2) higher centrality of left cerebellum in IBS low somatization compared to both IBS high somatization and healthy controls; (3) higher centrality of the anterior insula in healthy controls compared to both IBS groups, and in IBS low compared to IBS high somatization. The altered structural covariance of prefrontal cortex and anterior insula in IBS high somatization implicates that prefrontal processes may be more important than insular in the neurobiological sensitization process associated with IBS high somatization.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou S, Huang Y, Jiao J, Hu J, Hsing C, Lai Z, Yang Y, Hu X. Impairments of cortico-cortical connectivity in fine tactile sensation after stroke. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:34. [PMID: 33588877 PMCID: PMC7885375 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fine tactile sensation plays an important role in motor relearning after stroke. However, little is known about its dynamics in post-stroke recovery, principally due to a lack of effective evaluation on neural responses to fine tactile stimulation. This study investigated the post-stroke alteration of cortical connectivity and its functional structure in response to fine tactile stimulation via textile fabrics by electroencephalogram (EEG)-derived functional connectivity and graph theory analyses. Method Whole brain EEG was recorded from 64 scalp channels in 8 participants with chronic stroke and 8 unimpaired controls before and during the skin of the unilateral forearm contacted with a piece of cotton fabric. Functional connectivity (FC) was then estimated using EEG coherence. The fabric stimulation induced FC (SFC) was analyzed by a cluster-based permutation test for the FC in baseline and fabric stimulation. The functional structure of connectivity alteration in the brain was also investigated by assessing the multiscale topological properties of functional brain networks according to the graph theory. Results In the SFC distribution, an altered hemispheric lateralization (HL) (HL degree, 14%) was observed when stimulating the affected forearm in the stroke group, compared to stimulation of the unaffected forearm of the stroke group (HL degree, 53%) and those of the control group (HL degrees, 92% for the left and 69% for the dominant right limb). The involvement of additional brain regions, i.e., the distributed attention networks, was also observed when stimulating either limb of the stroke group compared with those of the control. Significantly increased (P < 0.05) global and local efficiencies were found when stimulating the affected forearm compared to the unaffected forearm. A significantly increased (P < 0.05) degree of inter-hemisphere FC (interdegree) mainly within ipsilesional somatosensory region and a significantly diminished degree of intra-hemisphere FC (intradegree) (P < 0.05) in ipsilesional primary somatosensory region were observed when stimulating the affected forearm, compared with the unaffected forearm. Conclusions The alteration of cortical connectivity in fine tactile sensation post-stroke was characterized by the compensation from the contralesional hemisphere and distributed attention networks related to involuntary attention. The interhemispheric connectivity could implement the compensation from the contralateral hemisphere to the ipsilesional somatosensory region. Stroke participants also exerted increased cortical activities in fine tactile sensation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyan Hu
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chihchia Hsing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhangqi Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaposzta Z, Stylianou O, Mukli P, Eke A, Racz FS. Decreased connection density and modularity of functional brain networks during n-back working memory paradigm. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01932. [PMID: 33185986 PMCID: PMC7821619 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigating how the brain adapts to increased mental workload through large-scale functional reorganization appears as an important research question. Functional connectivity (FC) aims at capturing how disparate regions of the brain dynamically interact, while graph theory provides tools for the topological characterization of the reconstructed functional networks. Although numerous studies investigated how FC is altered in response to increased working memory (WM) demand, current results are still contradictory as few studies confirmed the robustness of these findings in a low-density setting. METHODS In this study, we utilized the n-back WM paradigm, in which subjects were presented stimuli (single digits) sequentially, and their task was to decide for each given stimulus if it matched the one presented n-times earlier. Electroencephalography recordings were performed under a control (0-back) and two task conditions of varying difficulty (2- and 3-back). We captured the characteristic connectivity patterns for each difficulty level by performing FC analysis and described the reconstructed functional networks with various graph theoretical measures. RESULTS We found a substantial decrease in FC when transitioning from the 0- to the 2- or 3-back conditions, however, no differences relating to task difficulty were identified. The observed changes in brain network topology could be attributed to the dissociation of two (frontal and occipitotemporal) functional modules that were only present during the control condition. Furthermore, behavioral and performance measures showed both positive and negative correlations to connectivity indices, although only in the higher frequency bands. CONCLUSION The marked decrease in FC may be due to temporarily abandoned connections that are redundant or irrelevant in solving the specific task. Our results indicate that FC analysis is a robust tool for investigating the response of the brain to increased cognitive workload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zalan Kaposzta
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Peter Mukli
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Eke
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neufang S, Akhrif A. Regional Hurst Exponent Reflects Impulsivity-Related Alterations in Fronto-Hippocampal Pathways Within the Waiting Impulsivity Network. Front Physiol 2020; 11:827. [PMID: 32765298 PMCID: PMC7381286 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, the Hurst exponent. is used as a measure of long-term memory of time series. In previous neuroimaging studies, H has been introduced as one important parameter to define resting-state networks, reflecting upon global scale-free properties emerging from a network. H has been examined in the waiting impulsivity (WI) network in an earlier study. We found that alterations of H in the anterior cingulate cortex (HACC) and the nucleus accumbens (HNAcc) were lower in high impulsive (highIMP) compared to low impulsive (lowIMP) participants. Following up on those findings, we addressed the relation between altered fractality in HACC and HNAcc and brain activation and neural network connectivity. To do so, brain activation maps were calculated, and network connectivity was determined using the Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) approach. Finally, 1–H scores were determined to quantify the alterations of H. This way, the focus of the analyses was placed on the potential effects of alterations of H on neural network activation and connectivity. Correlation analyses between the alterations of HACC/HNAcc and activation maps and DCM estimates were performed. We found that the alterations of H predominantly correlated with fronto-hippocampal pathways and correlations were significant only in highIMP subjects. For example, alterations of HACC was associated with a decrease in neural activation in the right HC in combination with increased ACC-hippocampal connectivity. Alteration inHNAcc, in return, was related to an increase in bilateral prefrontal activation in combination with increased fronto-hippocampal connectivity. The findings, that the WI network was related to H alteration in highIMP subjects indicated that impulse control was not reduced per se but lacked consistency. Additionally, H has been used to describe long-term memory processes before, e.g., in capital markets, energy future prices, and human memory. Thus, current findings supported the relation of H toward memory processing even when further prominent cognitive functions were involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neufang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Atae Akhrif
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang D, Belden A, Hanser SB, Geddes MR, Loui P. Resting-State Connectivity of Auditory and Reward Systems in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:280. [PMID: 32765244 PMCID: PMC7380265 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Music-based interventions (MBI) have become increasingly widely adopted for dementia and related disorders. Previous research shows that music engages reward-related regions through functional connectivity with the auditory system, but evidence for the effectiveness of MBI is mixed in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This underscores the need for a unified mechanistic understanding to motivate MBIs. The main objective of the present study is to characterize the intrinsic connectivity of the auditory and reward systems in healthy aging individuals with MCI, and those with AD. Using resting-state fMRI data from the Alzheimer’s Database Neuroimaging Initiative, we tested resting-state functional connectivity within and between auditory and reward systems in older adults with MCI, AD, and age-matched healthy controls (N = 105). Seed-based correlations were assessed from regions of interest (ROIs) in the auditory network (i.e., anterior superior temporal gyrus, posterior superior temporal gyrus, Heschl’s Gyrus), and the reward network (i.e., nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, and orbitofrontal cortex). AD individuals were lower in both within-network and between-network functional connectivity in the auditory network and reward networks compared to MCI and controls. Furthermore, graph theory analyses showed that the MCI group had higher clustering and local efficiency than both AD and control groups, whereas AD individuals had lower betweenness centrality than MCI and control groups. Together, the auditory and reward systems show preserved within- and between-network connectivity in MCI individuals relative to AD. These results motivate future music-based interventions in individuals with MCI due to the preservation of functional connectivity within and between auditory and reward networks at that initial stage of neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wang
- Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alexander Belden
- Music, Imaging, and Neural Dynamics Laboratory (MIND), Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Maiya R Geddes
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Psyche Loui
- Department of Music, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cespedes MI, McGree JM, Drovandi CC, Mengersen K, Fripp J, Doecke JD. Relative rate of change in cognitive score network dynamics via Bayesian hierarchical models reveal spatial patterns of neurodegeneration. Stat Med 2020; 39:2695-2713. [PMID: 32419227 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The degeneration of the human brain is a complex process, which often affects certain brain regions due to healthy aging or disease. This degeneration can be evaluated on regions of interest (ROI) in the brain through probabilistic networks and morphological estimates. Current approaches for finding such networks are limited to analyses at discrete neuropsychological stages, which cannot appropriately account for connectivity dynamics over the onset of cognitive deterioration, and morphological changes are seldom unified with connectivity networks, despite known dependencies. To overcome these limitations, a probabilistic wombling model is proposed to simultaneously estimate ROI cortical thickness and covariance networks contingent on rates of change in cognitive decline. This proposed model was applied to analyze longitudinal data from healthy control (HC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) groups and found connection differences pertaining to regions, which play a crucial role in lasting cognitive impairment, such as the entorhinal area and temporal regions. Moreover, HC cortical thickness estimates were significantly higher than those in the AD group across all ROIs. The analyses presented in this work will help practitioners jointly analyze brain tissue atrophy at the ROI-level conditional on neuropsychological networks, which could potentially allow for more targeted therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela I Cespedes
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - James M McGree
- ARC Centre for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers and School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher C Drovandi
- ARC Centre for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers and School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- ARC Centre for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers and School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - James D Doecke
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun J, Liu F, Wang H, Yang A, Gao C, Li Z, Li X. Connectivity properties in the prefrontal cortex during working memory: a near-infrared spectroscopy study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-7. [PMID: 30900431 PMCID: PMC6992893 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.5.051410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) plays a crucial role in human brain functions. The application of brain connectivity analysis helps to understand the brain network properties in WM. Combination of functional and effective connectivity can provide new insights for exploring network attributes. Nevertheless, few studies have combined these two modes in WM. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the connectivity properties in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during n-back (0-back and 2-back) tasks by combining functional and effective connectivity analysis. Our results demonstrated that the PFC network showed small-world properties in both WM tasks. The characteristic path length was significantly longer in the 2-back task than in the 0-back task, while there was no obvious difference in the clustering coefficient between two tasks. Regarding the effective connectivity, the Granger causality (GC) was higher for right PFC→left PFC than for left PFC→right PFC in the 2-back task. Compared with the 0-back task, GC of right PFC→left PFC was higher in the 2-back task. Our findings show that, along with memory load increase, long range connections in PFC are enhanced and this enhancement might be associated with the stronger information flow from right PFC to left PFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Sun
- Foshan University, School of Medical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Foshan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Foshan University, School of Medical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Foshan, China
| | - Haixian Wang
- Foshan University, School of Mathematics and Big Data, Foshan, China
| | - Anping Yang
- Foshan University, School of Medical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Foshan, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhicong Li
- Guangdong Medical University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wheelock MD, Rangaprakash D, Harnett NG, Wood KH, Orem TR, Mrug S, Granger DA, Deshpande G, Knight DC. Psychosocial stress reactivity is associated with decreased whole-brain network efficiency and increased amygdala centrality. Behav Neurosci 2018; 132:561-572. [PMID: 30359065 PMCID: PMC6242743 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and emotional functions are supported by the coordinated activity of a distributed network of brain regions. This coordinated activity may be disrupted by psychosocial stress, resulting in the dysfunction of cognitive and emotional processes. Graph theory is a mathematical approach to assess coordinated brain activity that can estimate the efficiency of information flow and determine the centrality of brain regions within a larger distributed neural network. However, limited research has applied graph-theory techniques to the study of stress. Advancing our understanding of the impact stress has on global brain networks may provide new insight into factors that influence individual differences in stress susceptibility. Therefore, the present study examined the brain connectivity of participants that completed the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (Goodman et al., 2016; Wheelock et al., 2016). Salivary cortisol, heart rate, skin conductance response, and self-reported stress served as indices of stress, and trait anxiety served as an index of participant's disposition toward negative affectivity. Psychosocial stress was associated with a decrease in the efficiency of the flow of information within the brain. Further, the centrality of brain regions that mediate emotion regulation processes (i.e., hippocampus, ventral prefrontal cortex, and cingulate cortex) decreased during stress exposure. Interestingly, individual differences in cortisol reactivity were negatively correlated with the efficiency of information flow within this network, whereas cortisol reactivity was positively correlated with the centrality of the amygdala within the network. These findings suggest that stress reduces the efficiency of information transfer and leaves the function of brain regions that regulate the stress response vulnerable to disruption. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Desphande Rangaprakash
- Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Ca, USA
| | | | - Kimberly H. Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tyler R. Orem
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research & Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory University of California, Irvine
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Ca, USA
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, AL, USA
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David C. Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Quaranta D, Lacidogna G, Marra C, Rossini PM. Learning Processes and Brain Connectivity in A Cognitive-Motor Task in Neurodegeneration: Evidence from EEG Network Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66:471-481. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Neurologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Davide Quaranta
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Neurologia, Roma, Italia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Area di Neuroscienze, Roma, Italia
| | - Giordano Lacidogna
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Neurologia, Roma, Italia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Area di Neuroscienze, Roma, Italia
| | - Camillo Marra
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Neurologia, Roma, Italia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Area di Neuroscienze, Roma, Italia
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Neurologia, Roma, Italia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Area di Neuroscienze, Roma, Italia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Solo V, Poline JB, Lindquist MA, Simpson SL, Bowman FD, Chung MK, Cassidy B. Connectivity in fMRI: Blind Spots and Breakthroughs. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:1537-1550. [PMID: 29969406 PMCID: PMC6291757 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2831261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, driven by scientific and clinical concerns, there has been an increased interest in the analysis of functional brain networks. The goal of these analyses is to better understand how brain regions interact, how this depends upon experimental conditions and behavioral measures and how anomalies (disease) can be recognized. In this paper, we provide, first, a brief review of some of the main existing methods of functional brain network analysis. But rather than compare them, as a traditional review would do, instead, we draw attention to their significant limitations and blind spots. Then, second, relevant experts, sketch a number of emerging methods, which can break through these limitations. In particular we discuss five such methods. The first two, stochastic block models and exponential random graph models, provide an inferential basis for network analysis lacking in the exploratory graph analysis methods. The other three addresses: network comparison via persistent homology, time-varying connectivity that distinguishes sample fluctuations from neural fluctuations, and network system identification that draws inferential strength from temporal autocorrelation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang M, Zhou H, Liu L, Feng L, Yang J, Wang G, Zhong N. Randomized EEG functional brain networks in major depressive disorders with greater resilience and lower rich-club coefficient. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:743-758. [PMID: 29453169 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some studies have shown that the functional electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) networks in those with major depressive disorders (MDDs) have an abnormal random topology. In this study we aimed to further investigate the characteristics of the randomized functional brain networks in MDDs by examining resting-state scalp-EEG data. METHODS Based on the methods of independent component analysis (ICA) and graph theoretic analysis, the abnormalities in the power spectral density (PSD) functional brain networks were compared between 13 MDDs and 13 matched healthy controls (HCs). Nonparametric permutation tests were performed to explore the between-group differences in multiple network metrics. The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to measure the linear relationships between the clinical symptom and network metrics. RESULTS Compared with the HCs, the MDDs showed significant randomization of global network metrics, characterized by greater global efficiency, but lower clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and local efficiency. This randomization was also reflected in the less heterogeneous and less fat-tailed degree distributions in the MDDs. More importantly, the randomized brain networks in MDDs had greater network resilience to both random failure and targeted attack, which might be a protective mechanism to avoid fast deterioration of the integrity of MDDs' brain networks under pathological attack. In addition, the randomized brain networks in MDDs had a lower level of rich-club coefficient, suggesting that the density of connections among rich-club hubs became sparser. Furthermore, some of the network metrics explored in this study were significantly associated with the severity of depression in all participants. CONCLUSIONS A replicable randomization of the brain network is found in MDDs. The randomization is further characterized by more homogeneous degree distribution, greater resilience and lower rich-club coefficient, reflecting the reconfiguration of the brain network caused by the reduction of hub nodes in MDD. SIGNIFICANCE Our results may provide new biomarkers of brain network organization in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing China.
| | - Liqing Liu
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing China
| | - Lei Feng
- Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, China; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, China; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, China; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Time–Frequency Cross Mutual Information Analysis of the Brain Functional Networks Underlying Multiclass Motor Imagery. J Mot Behav 2017; 50:254-267. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2017.1327417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Ranchet M, Morgan JC, Akinwuntan AE, Devos H. Cognitive workload across the spectrum of cognitive impairments: A systematic review of physiological measures. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:516-537. [PMID: 28711663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to identify the physiological measures that are sensitive to assessing cognitive workload across the spectrum of cognitive impairments. Three database searches were conducted: PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science. Studies from the last decade that used physiological measures of cognitive workload in older adults (mean age >65 years-old) were reviewed. The cognitive workload of healthy older individuals was compared with the cognitive workload of younger adults, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and patients with Alzheimer's diseases (AD). The most common measures of cognitive workload included: electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, pupillometry, and heart rate variability. These physiological measures consistently showed greater cognitive workload in healthy older adults compared to younger adults when performing the same task. The same was observed in patients with MCI compared to healthy older adults. Behavioral performance declined when the available cognitive resources became insufficient to cope with the cognitive demands of a task, such as in AD. These findings may have implications for clinical practice and future cognitive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Ranchet
- Univ. Lyon, IFSTTAR, TS2, LESCOT, F-69675 Lyon, France.
| | - John C Morgan
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Movement and Memory Disorder Programs, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Abiodun E Akinwuntan
- Dean's office, School of Health Professions, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hannes Devos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Murugesan S, Bouchard K, Brown JA, Hamann B, Seeley WW, Trujillo A, Weber GH. Brain Modulyzer: Interactive Visual Analysis of Functional Brain Connectivity. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2017; 14:805-818. [PMID: 28113724 PMCID: PMC5585064 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2016.2564970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present Brain Modulyzer, an interactive visual exploration tool for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scans, aimed at analyzing the correlation between different brain regions when resting or when performing mental tasks. Brain Modulyzer combines multiple coordinated views-such as heat maps, node link diagrams and anatomical views-using brushing and linking to provide an anatomical context for brain connectivity data. Integrating methods from graph theory and analysis, e.g., community detection and derived graph measures, makes it possible to explore the modular and hierarchical organization of functional brain networks. Providing immediate feedback by displaying analysis results instantaneously while changing parameters gives neuroscientists a powerful means to comprehend complex brain structure more effectively and efficiently and supports forming hypotheses that can then be validated via statistical analysis. To demonstrate the utility of our tool, we present two case studies-exploring progressive supranuclear palsy, as well as memory encoding and retrieval.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bassett DS, Khambhati AN, Grafton ST. Emerging Frontiers of Neuroengineering: A Network Science of Brain Connectivity. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19:327-352. [PMID: 28375650 PMCID: PMC6005206 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroengineering is faced with unique challenges in repairing or replacing complex neural systems that are composed of many interacting parts. These interactions form intricate patterns over large spatiotemporal scales and produce emergent behaviors that are difficult to predict from individual elements. Network science provides a particularly appropriate framework in which to study and intervene in such systems by treating neural elements (cells, volumes) as nodes in a graph and neural interactions (synapses, white matter tracts) as edges in that graph. Here, we review the emerging discipline of network neuroscience, which uses and develops tools from graph theory to better understand and manipulate neural systems from micro- to macroscales. We present examples of how human brain imaging data are being modeled with network analysis and underscore potential pitfalls. We then highlight current computational and theoretical frontiers and emphasize their utility in informing diagnosis and monitoring, brain-machine interfaces, and brain stimulation. A flexible and rapidly evolving enterprise, network neuroscience provides a set of powerful approaches and fundamental insights that are critical for the neuroengineer's tool kit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ankit N Khambhati
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Scott T Grafton
- UCSB Brain Imaging Center and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ginestet CE, Li J, Balachandran P, Rosenberg S, Kolaczyk ED. Hypothesis testing for network data in functional neuroimaging. Ann Appl Stat 2017. [DOI: 10.1214/16-aoas1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
24
|
Finc K, Bonna K, Lewandowska M, Wolak T, Nikadon J, Dreszer J, Duch W, Kühn S. Transition of the functional brain network related to increasing cognitive demands. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:3659-3674. [PMID: 28432773 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Network neuroscience provides tools that can easily be used to verify main assumptions of the global workspace theory (GWT), such as the existence of highly segregated information processing during effortless tasks performance, engagement of multiple distributed networks during effortful tasks and the critical role of long-range connections in workspace formation. A number of studies support the assumptions of GWT by showing the reorganization of the whole-brain functional network during cognitive task performance; however, the involvement of specific large scale networks in the formation of workspace is still not well-understood. The aims of our study were: (1) to examine changes in the whole-brain functional network under increased cognitive demands of working memory during an n-back task, and their relationship with behavioral outcomes; and (2) to provide a comprehensive description of local changes that may be involved in the formation of the global workspace, using hub detection and network-based statistic. Our results show that network modularity decreased with increasing cognitive demands, and this change allowed us to predict behavioral performance. The number of connector hubs increased, whereas the number of provincial hubs decreased when the task became more demanding. We also found that the default mode network (DMN) increased its connectivity to other networks while decreasing connectivity between its own regions. These results, apart from replicating previous findings, provide a valuable insight into the mechanisms of the formation of the global workspace, highlighting the role of the DMN in the processes of network integration. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3659-3674, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Finc
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Kamil Bonna
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Monika Lewandowska
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolak
- Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center of Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
| | - Jan Nikadon
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Faculty of Humanities, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Dreszer
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Faculty of Humanities, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Włodzisław Duch
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Viles W, Ginestet CE, Tang A, Kramer MA, Kolaczyk ED. Percolation under noise: Detecting explosive percolation using the second-largest component. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:052301. [PMID: 27300904 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We consider the problem of distinguishing between different rates of percolation under noise. A statistical model of percolation is constructed allowing for the birth and death of edges as well as the presence of noise in the observations. This graph-valued stochastic process is composed of a latent and an observed nonstationary process, where the observed graph process is corrupted by type-I and type-II errors. This produces a hidden Markov graph model. We show that for certain choices of parameters controlling the noise, the classical (Erdős-Rényi) percolation is visually indistinguishable from a more rapid form of percolation. In this setting, we compare two different criteria for discriminating between these two percolation models, based on the interquartile range (IQR) of the first component's size, and on the maximal size of the second-largest component. We show through data simulations that this second criterion outperforms the IQR of the first component's size, in terms of discriminatory power. The maximal size of the second component therefore provides a useful statistic for distinguishing between different rates of percolation, under physically motivated conditions for the birth and death of edges, and under noise. The potential application of the proposed criteria for the detection of clinically relevant percolation in the context of applied neuroscience is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wes Viles
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Cedric E Ginestet
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariana Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Mark A Kramer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Eric D Kolaczyk
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ruiz-Contreras AE, Román-López TV, Caballero-Sánchez U, Rosas-Escobar CB, Ortega-Mora EI, Barrera-Tlapa MA, Romero-Hidalgo S, Carrillo-Sánchez K, Hernández-Morales S, Vadillo-Ortega F, González-Barrios JA, Méndez-Díaz M, Prospéro-García O. Because difficulty is not the same for everyone: the impact of complexity in working memory is associated with cannabinoid 1 receptor genetic variation in young adults. Memory 2016; 25:335-343. [PMID: 27108777 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2016.1172642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in working memory ability are mainly revealed when a demanding challenge is imposed. Here, we have associated cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor genetic variation rs2180619 (AA, AG, GG), which is located in a potential CNR1 regulatory sequence, with performance in working memory. Two-hundred and nine Mexican-mestizo healthy young participants (89 women, 120 men, mean age: 23.26 years, SD = 2.85) were challenged to solve a medium (2-back) vs. a high (3-back) difficulty N-back tasks. All subjects responded as expected, performance was better with the medium than the high demand task version, but no differences were found among genotypes while performing each working memory (WM) task. However, the cost of the level of complexity in N-back paradigm was double for GG subjects than for AA subjects. It is noteworthy that an additive-dosage allele relation was found for G allele in terms of cost of level of complexity. These genetic variation results support that the endocannabinoid system, evaluated by rs2180619 polymorphism, is involved in WM ability in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra E Ruiz-Contreras
- a Gpo. Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenomica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicologia , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) , Cd. Mexico, Mexico.,b Gpo. Neurociencias: Lab. Canabinoides, Depto. Fisiologia, Fac. Medicina , UNAM , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Talía V Román-López
- a Gpo. Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenomica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicologia , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ulises Caballero-Sánchez
- a Gpo. Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenomica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicologia , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Cintia B Rosas-Escobar
- a Gpo. Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenomica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicologia , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | - E Ivett Ortega-Mora
- a Gpo. Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenomica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicologia , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Barrera-Tlapa
- a Gpo. Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenomica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicologia , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Hidalgo
- c Departamento de Genómica Computacional , Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- f Unidad de Vinculación Científica Facultad de Medicina , UNAM, INMEGEN , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio González-Barrios
- g Lab. Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "Primero de Octubre" , Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mónica Méndez-Díaz
- b Gpo. Neurociencias: Lab. Canabinoides, Depto. Fisiologia, Fac. Medicina , UNAM , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Oscar Prospéro-García
- b Gpo. Neurociencias: Lab. Canabinoides, Depto. Fisiologia, Fac. Medicina , UNAM , Cd. Mexico, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Clemens B, Puskás S, Spisák T, Lajtos I, Opposits G, Besenyei M, Hollódy K, Fogarasi A, Kovács NZ, Fekete I, Emri M. Increased resting-state EEG functional connectivity in benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes. Seizure 2016; 35:50-5. [PMID: 26794010 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore intrahemispheric, cortico-cortical EEG functional connectivity (EEGfC) in benign childhood epilepsy with rolandic spikes (BECTS). METHODS 21-channel EEG was recorded in 17 non-medicated BECTS children and 19 healthy controls. 180s of spike- and artifact-free activity was selected for EEGfC analysis. Correlation of Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography- (LORETA-) defined current source density time series were computed between two cortical areas (region of interest, ROI). Analyses were based on broad-band EEGfC results. Groups were compared by statistical parametric network (SPN) method. Statistically significant differences between group EEGfC values were emphasized at p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparison by local false discovery rate (FDR). RESULTS (1) Bilaterally increased beta EEGfC occurred in the BECTS group as compared to the controls. Greatest beta abnormality emerged between frontal and frontal, as well as frontal and temporal ROIs. (2) Locally increased EEGfC emerged in all frequency bands in the right parietal area. CONCLUSIONS Areas of increased EEGfC topographically correspond to cortical areas that, based on relevant literature, are related to speech and attention deficit in BECTS children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Clemens
- Kenézy Gyula Hospital, Department of Neurology, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Puskás
- University of Debrecen, Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Spisák
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre Lajtos
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Opposits
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Besenyei
- University of Debrecen, Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - András Fogarasi
- Epilepsy Center, Bethesda Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - István Fekete
- University of Debrecen, Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Thilaga M, Vijayalakshmi R, Nadarajan R, Nandagopal D, Cocks B, Archana C, Dahal N. A heuristic branch-and-bound based thresholding algorithm for unveiling cognitive activity from EEG data. Neurocomputing 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2015.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
La Rosa PS, Brooks TL, Deych E, Shands B, Prior F, Larson-Prior LJ, Shannon WD. Gibbs distribution for statistical analysis of graphical data with a sample application to fcMRI brain images. Stat Med 2015; 35:566-80. [PMID: 26608238 DOI: 10.1002/sim.6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper develops object-oriented data analysis (OODA) statistical methods that are novel and complementary to existing methods of analysis of human brain scan connectomes, defined as graphs representing brain anatomical or functional connectivity. OODA is an emerging field where classical statistical approaches (e.g., hypothesis testing, regression, estimation, and confidence intervals) are applied to data objects such as graphs or functions. By analyzing data objects directly we avoid loss of information that occurs when data objects are transformed into numerical summary statistics. By providing statistical tools that analyze sets of connectomes without loss of information, new insights into neurology and medicine may be achieved. In this paper we derive the formula for statistical model fitting, regression, and mixture models; test their performance in simulation experiments; and apply them to connectomes from fMRI brain scans collected during a serial reaction time task study. Software for fitting graphical object-oriented data analysis is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricio S La Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.,Global IT Analytics, R&D, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | | | - Elena Deych
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - Berkley Shands
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.,BioRankings, LLC, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - Fred Prior
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - Linda J Larson-Prior
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.,Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - William D Shannon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.,BioRankings, LLC, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li X, Wang H. Identification of functional networks in resting state fMRI data using adaptive sparse representation and affinity propagation clustering. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:383. [PMID: 26528123 PMCID: PMC4607787 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain functional system has been viewed as a complex network. To accurately characterize this brain network, it is important to estimate the functional connectivity between separate brain regions (i.e., association matrix). One common approach to evaluating the connectivity is the pairwise Pearson correlation. However, this bivariate method completely ignores the influence of other regions when computing the pairwise association. Another intractable issue existed in many approaches to further analyzing the network structure is the requirement of applying a threshold to the association matrix. To address these issues, we develop a novel scheme to investigate the brain functional networks. Specifically, we first establish a global functional connection network by using the Adaptive Sparse Representation (ASR), adaptively integrating the sparsity of ℓ1-norm and the grouping effect of ℓ2-norm for linear representation and then identify connectivity patterns with Affinity Propagation (AP) clustering algorithm. Results on both simulated and real data indicate that the proposed scheme is superior to the Pearson correlation in connectivity quality and clustering quality. Our findings suggest that the proposed scheme is an accurate and useful technique to delineate functional network structure for functionally parsimonious and correlated fMRI data with a large number of brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Key Lab of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Haixian Wang
- Key Lab of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu Y, Lindquist MA. Dynamic connectivity detection: an algorithm for determining functional connectivity change points in fMRI data. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:285. [PMID: 26388711 PMCID: PMC4560110 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently there has been an increased interest in using fMRI data to study the dynamic nature of brain connectivity. In this setting, the activity in a set of regions of interest (ROIs) is often modeled using a multivariate Gaussian distribution, with a mean vector and covariance matrix that are allowed to vary as the experiment progresses, representing changing brain states. In this work, we introduce the Dynamic Connectivity Detection (DCD) algorithm, which is a data-driven technique to detect temporal change points in functional connectivity, and estimate a graph between ROIs for data within each segment defined by the change points. DCD builds upon the framework of the recently developed Dynamic Connectivity Regression (DCR) algorithm, which has proven efficient at detecting changes in connectivity for problems consisting of a small to medium (< 50) number of regions, but which runs into computational problems as the number of regions becomes large (>100). The newly proposed DCD method is faster, requires less user input, and is better able to handle high-dimensional data. It overcomes the shortcomings of DCR by adopting a simplified sparse matrix estimation approach and a different hypothesis testing procedure to determine change points. The application of DCD to simulated data, as well as fMRI data, illustrates the efficacy of the proposed method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin A Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11678-83. [PMID: 26324898 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422487112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is an inherently dynamic system, and executive cognition requires dynamically reconfiguring, highly evolving networks of brain regions that interact in complex and transient communication patterns. However, a precise characterization of these reconfiguration processes during cognitive function in humans remains elusive. Here, we use a series of techniques developed in the field of "dynamic network neuroscience" to investigate the dynamics of functional brain networks in 344 healthy subjects during a working-memory challenge (the "n-back" task). In contrast to a control condition, in which dynamic changes in cortical networks were spread evenly across systems, the effortful working-memory condition was characterized by a reconfiguration of frontoparietal and frontotemporal networks. This reconfiguration, which characterizes "network flexibility," employs transient and heterogeneous connectivity between frontal systems, which we refer to as "integration." Frontal integration predicted neuropsychological measures requiring working memory and executive cognition, suggesting that dynamic network reconfiguration between frontal systems supports those functions. Our results characterize dynamic reconfiguration of large-scale distributed neural circuits during executive cognition in humans and have implications for understanding impaired cognitive function in disorders affecting connectivity, such as schizophrenia or dementia.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wylie KP, Kronberg E, Maharajh K, Smucny J, Cornier MA, Tregellas JR. Between-network connectivity occurs in brain regions lacking layer IV input. Neuroimage 2015; 116:50-8. [PMID: 25979667 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the cortical circuitry underlying connectivity between large-scale neural networks, we develop a novel, data-driven approach to identify potential integration subregions. Between-network connectivity (BNC) associated with any anatomical region is the amount of connectivity between that point and all large-scale networks, as measured using simple and multiple correlations. It is straightforward to calculate and applicable to functional networks identified using independent components analysis. We calculated BNC for all fMRI voxels within the brain and compared the results to known regional cytoarchitectural patterns. Based on previous observations of the relationship between macroscopic connectivity and microscopic cytoarchitecture, we predicted that areas with high BNC will be located in paralimbic subregions with an undifferentiated laminar structure. Results suggest that the anterior insula and dorsal posterior cingulate cortices play prominent roles in information integration. Cytoarchitecturely, these areas show agranular or dysgranular cytologies with absent or disrupted cortical layer IV. Since layer IV is the primary recipient of feed-forward thalamocortical connections, and due to the exclusive nature of driving connections to this layer, we suggest that the absence of cortical layer IV might allow for information to be exchanged across networks, and is an organizational characteristic of brain-subregions serving as inter-network communication hubs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Korey P Wylie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Bldg. 500, Mail Stop F546, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Eugene Kronberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Bldg. 500, Mail Stop F546, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Keeran Maharajh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Bldg. 500, Mail Stop F546, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Bldg. 500, Mail Stop F546, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop C263, 12348 E Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Bldg. 500, Mail Stop F546, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Research Service (151), Eastern Colorado Health System, 1055 Clermont St., Denver, CO, 80220, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fornito A, Bullmore ET. Connectomics: a new paradigm for understanding brain disease. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:733-48. [PMID: 24726580 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, pathophysiological models of brain disorders have shifted from an emphasis on understanding pathology in specific brain regions to characterizing disturbances of interconnected neural systems. This shift has paralleled rapid advances in connectomics, a field concerned with comprehensively mapping the neural elements and inter-connections that constitute the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played a central role in these efforts, as it allows relatively cost-effective in vivo assessment of the macro-scale architecture of brain network connectivity. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to some of the basic concepts in the field and review how recent developments in imaging connectomics are yielding new insights into brain disease, with a particular focus on Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Specifically, we consider how research into circuit-level, connectome-wide and topological changes is stimulating the development of new aetiopathological theories and biomarkers with potential for clinical translation. The findings highlight the advantage of conceptualizing brain disease as a result of disturbances in an interconnected complex system, rather than discrete pathology in isolated sub-sets of brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fornito
- Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry & Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, 770 Blackburn Rd, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry & Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, 770 Blackburn Rd, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia; Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; GlaxoSmithKline, ImmunoPsychiatry, Alternative Discovery & Development, Stevenage, UK; Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The default mode network and the working memory network are not anti-correlated during all phases of a working memory task. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123354. [PMID: 25848951 PMCID: PMC4388669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The default mode network and the working memory network are known to be anti-correlated during sustained cognitive processing, in a load-dependent manner. We hypothesized that functional connectivity among nodes of the two networks could be dynamically modulated by task phases across time. Methods To address the dynamic links between default mode network and the working memory network, we used a delayed visuo-spatial working memory paradigm, which allowed us to separate three different phases of working memory (encoding, maintenance, and retrieval), and analyzed the functional connectivity during each phase within and between the default mode network and the working memory network networks. Results We found that the two networks are anti-correlated only during the maintenance phase of working memory, i.e. when attention is focused on a memorized stimulus in the absence of external input. Conversely, during the encoding and retrieval phases, when the external stimulation is present, the default mode network is positively coupled with the working memory network, suggesting the existence of a dynamically switching of functional connectivity between “task-positive” and “task-negative” brain networks. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the well-established dichotomy of the human brain (anti-correlated networks during rest and balanced activation-deactivation during cognition) has a more nuanced organization than previously thought and engages in different patterns of correlation and anti-correlation during specific sub-phases of a cognitive task. This nuanced organization reinforces the hypothesis of a direct involvement of the default mode network in cognitive functions, as represented by a dynamic rather than static interaction with specific task-positive networks, such as the working memory network.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chantiluke K, Barrett N, Giampietro V, Brammer M, Simmons A, Rubia K. Disorder-dissociated effects of fluoxetine on brain function of working memory in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med 2015; 45:1195-1205. [PMID: 25292351 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714002232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often co-morbid and share performance and brain dysfunctions during working memory (WM). Serotonin agonists modulate WM and there is evidence of positive behavioural effects in both disorders. We therefore used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate shared and disorder-specific brain dysfunctions of WM in these disorders, and the effects of a single dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine. METHOD Age-matched boys with ADHD (n = 17), ASD (n = 17) and controls (n = 22) were compared using fMRI during an N-back WM task. Patients were scanned twice, under either an acute dose of fluoxetine or placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized design. Repeated-measures analyses within patients assessed drug effects on performance and brain function. To test for normalization effects of brain dysfunctions, patients under each drug condition were compared to controls. RESULTS Under placebo, relative to controls, both ADHD and ASD boys shared underactivation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Fluoxetine significantly normalized the DLPFC underactivation in ASD relative to controls whereas it increased posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) deactivation in ADHD relative to control boys. Within-patient analyses showed inverse effects of fluoxetine on PCC deactivation, which it enhanced in ADHD and decreased in ASD. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that fluoxetine modulates brain activation during WM in a disorder-specific manner by normalizing task-positive DLPFC dysfunction in ASD boys and enhancing task-negative default mode network (DMN) deactivation in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Chantiluke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
| | - N Barrett
- South London and Maudsley NHS Trust,London,UK
| | - V Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
| | - M Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
| | - A Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
| | - K Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Taya F, Sun Y, Babiloni F, Thakor N, Bezerianos A. Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:44. [PMID: 25883555 PMCID: PMC4381643 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the recent advances in neurotechnology and the progress in understanding of brain cognitive functions, improvements of cognitive performance or acceleration of learning process with brain enhancement systems is not out of our reach anymore, on the contrary, it is a tangible target of contemporary research. Although a variety of approaches have been proposed, we will mainly focus on cognitive training interventions, in which learners repeatedly perform cognitive tasks to improve their cognitive abilities. In this review article, we propose that the learning process during the cognitive training can be facilitated by an assistive system monitoring cognitive workloads using electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers, and the brain connectome approach can provide additional valuable biomarkers for facilitating leaners' learning processes. For the purpose, we will introduce studies on the cognitive training interventions, EEG biomarkers for cognitive workload, and human brain connectome. As cognitive overload and mental fatigue would reduce or even eliminate gains of cognitive training interventions, a real-time monitoring of cognitive workload can facilitate the learning process by flexibly adjusting difficulty levels of the training task. Moreover, cognitive training interventions should have effects on brain sub-networks, not on a single brain region, and graph theoretical network metrics quantifying topological architecture of the brain network can differentiate with respect to individual cognitive states as well as to different individuals' cognitive abilities, suggesting that the connectome is a valuable approach for tracking the learning progress. Although only a few studies have exploited the connectome approach for studying alterations of the brain network induced by cognitive training interventions so far, we believe that it would be a useful technique for capturing improvements of cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Taya
- Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Sun
- Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University "Sapienza" of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Nitish Thakor
- Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anastasios Bezerianos
- Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Craddock RC, Tungaraza RL, Milham MP. Connectomics and new approaches for analyzing human brain functional connectivity. Gigascience 2015; 4:13. [PMID: 25810900 PMCID: PMC4373299 DOI: 10.1186/s13742-015-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating the functional interactions between brain regions and mapping those connections to corresponding inter-individual differences in cognitive, behavioral and psychiatric domains are central pursuits for understanding the human connectome. The number and complexity of functional interactions within the connectome and the large amounts of data required to study them position functional connectivity research as a “big data” problem. Maximizing the degree to which knowledge about human brain function can be extracted from the connectome will require developing a new generation of neuroimaging analysis algorithms and tools. This review describes several outstanding problems in brain functional connectomics with the goal of engaging researchers from a broad spectrum of data sciences to help solve these problems. Additionally it provides information about open science resources consisting of raw and preprocessed data to help interested researchers get started.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cameron Craddock
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, 10962 New York USA ; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, 445 Park Ave, New York, 10022 New York USA
| | - Rosalia L Tungaraza
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, 10962 New York USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, 10962 New York USA ; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, 445 Park Ave, New York, 10022 New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Network science provides theoretical, computational, and empirical tools that can be used to understand the structure and function of the human brain in novel ways using simple concepts and mathematical representations. Network neuroscience is a rapidly growing field that is providing considerable insight into human structural connectivity, functional connectivity while at rest, changes in functional networks over time (dynamics), and how these properties differ in clinical populations. In addition, a number of studies have begun to quantify network characteristics in a variety of cognitive processes and provide a context for understanding cognition from a network perspective. In this review, we outline the contributions of network science to cognitive neuroscience. We describe the methodology of network science as applied to the particular case of neuroimaging data and review its uses in investigating a range of cognitive functions including sensory processing, language, emotion, attention, cognitive control, learning, and memory. In conclusion, we discuss current frontiers and the specific challenges that must be overcome to integrate these complementary disciplines of network science and cognitive neuroscience. Increased communication between cognitive neuroscientists and network scientists could lead to significant discoveries under an emerging scientific intersection known as cognitive network neuroscience.
Collapse
|
41
|
Voxel-wise motion artifacts in population-level whole-brain connectivity analysis of resting-state FMRI. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104947. [PMID: 25188284 PMCID: PMC4154676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) based brain connectivity analysis maps the functional networks of the brain by estimating the degree of synchronous neuronal activity between brain regions. Recent studies have demonstrated that "resting-state" fMRI-based brain connectivity conclusions may be erroneous when motion artifacts have a differential effect on fMRI BOLD signals for between group comparisons. A potential explanation could be that in-scanner displacement, due to rotational components, is not spatially constant in the whole brain. However, this localized nature of motion artifacts is poorly understood and is rarely considered in brain connectivity studies. In this study, we initially demonstrate the local correspondence between head displacement and the changes in the resting-state fMRI BOLD signal. Than, we investigate how connectivity strength is affected by the population-level variation in the spatial pattern of regional displacement. We introduce Regional Displacement Interaction (RDI), a new covariate parameter set for second-level connectivity analysis and demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing motion related confounds in comparisons of groups with different voxel-vise displacement pattern and preprocessed using various nuisance regression methods. The effect of using RDI as second-level covariate is than demonstrated in autism-related group comparisons. The relationship between the proposed method and some of the prevailing subject-level nuisance regression techniques is evaluated. Our results show that, depending on experimental design, treating in-scanner head motion as a global confound may not be appropriate. The degree of displacement is highly variable among various brain regions, both within and between subjects. These regional differences bias correlation-based measures of brain connectivity. The inclusion of the proposed second-level covariate into the analysis successfully reduces artifactual motion-related group differences and preserves real neuronal differences, as demonstrated by the autism-related comparisons.
Collapse
|
42
|
Thiebaut de Schotten M, Urbanski M, Valabregue R, Bayle DJ, Volle E. Subdivision of the occipital lobes: An anatomical and functional MRI connectivity study. Cortex 2014; 56:121-37. [PMID: 23312799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
43
|
Meunier D, Fonlupt P, Saive AL, Plailly J, Ravel N, Royet JP. Modular structure of functional networks in olfactory memory. Neuroimage 2014; 95:264-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
44
|
Why network neuroscience? Compelling evidence and current frontiers. Comment on "Understanding brain networks and brain organization" by Luiz Pessoa. Phys Life Rev 2014; 11:455-7. [PMID: 24954730 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
45
|
Ginestet CE, Fournel AP, Simmons A. Statistical network analysis for functional MRI: summary networks and group comparisons. Front Comput Neurosci 2014; 8:51. [PMID: 24834049 PMCID: PMC4018548 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2014.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparing networks in neuroscience is hard, because the topological properties of a given network are necessarily dependent on the number of edges in that network. This problem arises in the analysis of both weighted and unweighted networks. The term density is often used in this context, in order to refer to the mean edge weight of a weighted network, or to the number of edges in an unweighted one. Comparing families of networks is therefore statistically difficult because differences in topology are necessarily associated with differences in density. In this review paper, we consider this problem from two different perspectives, which include (i) the construction of summary networks, such as how to compute and visualize the summary network from a sample of network-valued data points; and (ii) how to test for topological differences, when two families of networks also exhibit significant differences in density. In the first instance, we show that the issue of summarizing a family of networks can be conducted by either adopting a mass-univariate approach, which produces a statistical parametric network (SPN). In the second part of this review, we then highlight the inherent problems associated with the comparison of topological functions of families of networks that differ in density. In particular, we show that a wide range of topological summaries, such as global efficiency and network modularity are highly sensitive to differences in density. Moreover, these problems are not restricted to unweighted metrics, as we demonstrate that the same issues remain present when considering the weighted versions of these metrics. We conclude by encouraging caution, when reporting such statistical comparisons, and by emphasizing the importance of constructing summary networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric E Ginestet
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK ; National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia London, UK
| | - Arnaud P Fournel
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, EA 3082, Université Lyon II Lyon, France
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK ; National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Moussa MN, Wesley MJ, Porrino LJ, Hayasaka S, Bechara A, Burdette JH, Laurienti PJ. Age-related differences in advantageous decision making are associated with distinct differences in functional community structure. Brain Connect 2014; 4:193-202. [PMID: 24575804 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2013.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human decision making is dependent on not only the function of several brain regions but also their synergistic interaction. The specific function of brain areas within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex has long been studied in an effort to understand choice evaluation and decision making. These data specifically focus on whole-brain functional interconnectivity using the principles of network science. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was the first neuropsychological task used to model real-life decisions in a way that factors reward, punishment, and uncertainty. Clinically, it has been used to detect decision-making impairments characteristic of patients with prefrontal cortex lesions. Here, we used performance on repeated blocks of the IGT as a behavioral measure of advantageous and disadvantageous decision making in young and mature adults. Both adult groups performed poorly by predominately making disadvantageous selections in the beginning stages of the task. In later phases of the task, young adults shifted to more advantageous selections and outperformed mature adults. Modularity analysis revealed stark underlying differences in visual, sensorimotor and medial prefrontal cortex community structure. In addition, changes in orbitofrontal cortex connectivity predicted behavioral deficits in IGT performance. Contrasts were driven by a difference in age but may also prove relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders associated with poor decision making, including the vulnerability to alcohol and/or drug addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malaak Nasser Moussa
- 1 Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xia S, Foxe JJ, Sroubek AE, Branch C, Li X. Topological organization of the "small-world" visual attention network in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:162. [PMID: 24688465 PMCID: PMC3960496 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed childhood psychiatric disorder. Disrupted sustained attention is one of the most significant behavioral impairments in this disorder. We mapped systems-level topological properties of the neural network responsible for sustained attention during a visual sustained task, on the premise that strong associations between anomalies in network features and clinical measures of ADHD would emerge. Methods: Graph theoretic techniques (GTT) and bivariate network-based statistics (NBS) were applied to fMRI data from 22 children with ADHD combined-type and 22 age-matched neurotypicals, to evaluate the topological and nodal-pairing features in the functional brain networks. Correlation testing for relationships between network properties and clinical measures were then performed. Results: The visual attention network showed significantly reduced local-efficiency and nodal-efficiency in frontal and occipital regions in ADHD. Measures of degree and between-centrality pointed to hyper-functioning in anterior cingulate cortex and hypo-functioning in orbito-frontal, middle-occipital, superior-temporal, supra-central, and supra-marginal gyri in ADHD. NBS demonstrated significantly reduced pair-wise connectivity in an inner-network, encompassing right parietal and temporal lobes and left occipital lobe, in the ADHD group. Conclusions: These data suggest that atypical topological features of the visual attention network contribute to classic ADHD symptomatology, and may underlie the inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity that are characteristics of this syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shugao Xia
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ariane E Sroubek
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Craig Branch
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA ; Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA ; Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cubillo A, Smith AB, Barrett N, Giampietro V, Brammer M, Simmons A, Rubia K. Drug-specific laterality effects on frontal lobe activation of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder boys during working memory. Psychol Med 2014; 44:633-646. [PMID: 23597077 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The catecholamine reuptake inhibitors methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are the most common treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study compares the neurofunctional modulation and normalization effects of acute doses of MPH and ATX within medication-naive ADHD boys during working memory (WM). METHOD A total of 20 medication-naive ADHD boys underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a parametric WM n-back task three times, under a single clinical dose of either MPH, ATX or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. To test for normalization effects, brain activations in ADHD under each drug condition were compared with that of 20 age-matched healthy control boys. RESULTS Relative to healthy boys, ADHD boys under placebo showed impaired performance only under high WM load together with significant underactivation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Both drugs normalized the performance deficits relative to controls. ATX significantly enhanced right DLPFC activation relative to MPH within patients, and significantly normalized its underactivation relative to controls. MPH, by contrast, both relative to placebo and ATX, as well as relative to controls, upregulated the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), but only during 2-back. Both drugs enhanced fronto-temporo-striatal activation in ADHD relative to control boys and deactivated the default-mode network, which were negatively associated with the reduced DLPFC activation and performance deficits, suggesting compensation effects. CONCLUSIONS The study shows both shared and drug-specific effects. ATX upregulated and normalized right DLPFC underactivation, while MPH upregulated left IFC activation, suggesting drug-specific laterality effects on prefrontal regions mediating WM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cubillo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A B Smith
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Barrett
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - V Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wylie KP, Rojas DC, Ross RG, Hunter SK, Maharajh K, Cornier MA, Tregellas JR. Reduced brain resting-state network specificity in infants compared with adults. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:1349-59. [PMID: 25092980 PMCID: PMC4114919 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s63773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Infant resting-state networks do not exhibit the same connectivity patterns as those of young children and adults. Current theories of brain development emphasize developmental progression in regional and network specialization. We compared infant and adult functional connectivity, predicting that infants would exhibit less regional specificity and greater internetwork communication compared with adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest was acquired in 12 healthy, term infants and 17 adults. Resting-state networks were extracted, using independent components analysis, and the resulting components were then compared between the adult and infant groups. RESULTS Adults exhibited stronger connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex node of the default mode network, but infants had higher connectivity in medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex than adults. Adult connectivity was typically higher than infant connectivity within structures previously associated with the various networks, whereas infant connectivity was frequently higher outside of these structures. Internetwork communication was significantly higher in infants than in adults. CONCLUSION We interpret these findings as consistent with evidence suggesting that resting-state network development is associated with increasing spatial specificity, possibly reflecting the corresponding functional specialization of regions and their interconnections through experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Korey P Wylie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Donald C Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Randal G Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sharon K Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keeran Maharajh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA ; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xu X, Tian Y, Li S, Li Y, Wang G, Tian X. Inhibition of propofol anesthesia on functional connectivity between LFPs in PFC during rat working memory task. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83653. [PMID: 24386243 PMCID: PMC3873953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information necessary for performance of complex cognitive tasks. There is a growing interest in whether and how propofol anesthesia inhibits WM function. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible inhibition mechanism of propofol anesthesia based on the functional connections of multi-local field potentials (LFPs) and behavior during WM tasks. Adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: pro group (0.5 mg·kg−1·min−1,2 h), PRO group (0.9 mg·kg−1·min−1, 2 h) and control group. The experimental data were 16-channel LFPs obtained at prefrontal cortex with implanted microelectrode array in SD rats during WM tasks in Y-maze at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 hours (day 1-day 5) after propofol anesthesia, and the behavior results of WM were recoded at the same time. Directed transfer function (DTF) method was applied to analyze the connections among LFPs directly. Furthermore, the causal networks were identified by DTF. The clustering coefficient (C), network density (D) and global efficiency (Eglobal) were selected to describe the functional connectivity quantitatively. The results show that: comparing with the control group, the LFPs functional connectivity in pro group were no significantly difference (p>0.05); the connectivity in PRO group were significantly decreased (p<0.05 at 24 hours, p<0.05 at 48 hours), while no significant difference at 72, 96 and 120 hours for rats (p>0.05), which were consistent with the behavior results. These findings could lead to improved understanding the mechanism of inhibition of anesthesia on WM functions from the view of connections among LFPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangyan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|