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Okutani H, Lo Vecchio S, Arendt-Nielsen L. Mechanisms and treatment of opioid-induced pruritus: Peripheral and central pathways. Eur J Pain 2024; 28:214-230. [PMID: 37650457 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pruritus (also known as itch) is defined as an unpleasant and irritating sensation of the skin that provokes an urge to scratch or rub. It is well known that opioid administration can cause pruritus, which is paradoxical as itch and pain share overlapping sensory pathways. Because opioids inhibit pain but can cause itching. Significant progress has been made to improve our understanding of the fundamental neurobiology of itch; however, much remains unknown about the mechanisms of opioid-induced pruritus. The prevention and treatment of opioid-induced pruritus remains a challenge in the field of pain management. The objective of this narrative review is to present and discuss the current body of literature and summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying opioid-induced pruritus, and its relationship to analgesia, and possible treatment options. RESULTS The incidence of opioid-induced pruritus differs with different opioids and routes of administration, and the various mechanisms can be broadly divided into peripheral and central. Especially central mechanisms are intricate, even at the level of the spinal dorsal horn. There is evidence that opioid receptor antagonists and mixed agonist and antagonists, especially μ-opioid antagonists and κ-opioid agonists, are effective in relieving opioid-induced pruritus. Various treatments have been used for opioid-induced pruritus; however, most of them are controversial and have conflicting results. CONCLUSION The use of a multimodal analgesic treatment regimen combined with a mixed antagonist and κ agonists, especially μ-opioid antagonists, and κ-opioid agonists, seems to be the current best treatment modality for the management of opioid-induced pruritus and pain. SIGNIFICANCE Opioids remain the gold standard for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain as well as cancer pain. It is well known that opioid-induced pruritus often does not respond to regular antipruritic treatment, thereby posing a challenge to clinicians in the field of pain management. We believe that our review makes a significant contribution to the literature, as studies on the mechanisms of opioid-induced pruritus and effective management strategies are crucial for the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroai Okutani
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Silvia Lo Vecchio
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Go EJ, Lee JY, Kim YH, Park CK. Site-Specific Transient Receptor Potential Channel Mechanisms and Their Characteristics for Targeted Chronic Itch Treatment. Biomolecules 2024; 14:107. [PMID: 38254707 PMCID: PMC10813675 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic itch is a debilitating condition with limited treatment options, severely affecting quality of life. The identification of pruriceptors has sparked a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of TRP channels in the context of itch. In this regard, we provided a comprehensive overview of the site-specific expression of TRP channels and their associated functions in response to a range of pruritogens. Although several potent antipruritic compounds that target specific TRP channels have been developed and have demonstrated efficacy in various chronic itch conditions through experimental means, a more thorough understanding of the potential for adverse effects or interactions with other TRP channels or GPCRs is necessary to develop novel and selective therapeutics that target TRP channels for treating chronic itch. This review focuses on the mechanism of itch associated with TRP channels at specific sites, from the skin to the sensory neuron, with the aim of suggesting specific therapeutic targets for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Go
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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3
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Del Duca E, He H, Liu Y, Pagan AD, David E, Cheng J, Carroll B, Renert-Yuval Y, Bar J, Estrada YD, Maari C, Proulx ESC, Krueger JG, Bissonnette R, Guttman-Yassky E. Intrapatient comparison of atopic dermatitis skin transcriptome shows differences between tape-strips and biopsies. Allergy 2024; 79:80-92. [PMID: 37577841 DOI: 10.1111/all.15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our knowledge of etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is largely derived from skin biopsies, which are associated with pain, scarring and infection. In contrast, tape-stripping is a minimally invasive, nonscarring technique to collect skin samples. METHODS To construct a global AD skin transcriptomic profile comparing tape-strips to whole-skin biopsies, we performed RNA-seq on tape-strips and biopsies taken from the lesional skin of 20 moderate-to-severe AD patients and the skin of 20 controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by fold-change (FCH) ≥2.0 and false discovery rate <0.05. RESULTS We detected 4104 (2513 Up; 1591 Down) and 1273 (546 Up; 727 Down) DEGs in AD versus controls, in tape-strips and biopsies, respectively. Although both techniques captured dysregulation of key immune genes, tape-strips showed higher FCHs for innate immunity (IL-1B, IL-8), dendritic cell (ITGAX/CD11C, FCER1A), Th2 (IL-13, CCL17, TNFRSF4/OX40), and Th17 (CCL20, CXCL1) products, while biopsies showed higher upregulation of Th22 associated genes (IL-22, S100As) and dermal cytokines (IFN-γ, CCL26). Itch-related genes (IL-31, TRPV3) were preferentially captured by tape-strips. Epidermal barrier abnormalities were detected in both techniques, with terminal differentiation defects (FLG2, PSORS1C2) better represented by tape-strips and epidermal hyperplasia changes (KRT16, MKI67) better detected by biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Tape-strips and biopsies capture overlapping but distinct features of the AD molecular signature, suggesting their respective utility for monitoring specific AD-related immune, itch, and barrier abnormalities in clinical trials and longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Helen He
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Angel D Pagan
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Eden David
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Julia Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Britta Carroll
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Yael Renert-Yuval
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Bar
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | | | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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4
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Ascencio Gutierrez V, Martin LE, Simental-Ramos A, James KF, Medler KF, Schier LA, Torregrossa AM. TRPM4 and PLCβ3 contribute to normal behavioral responses to an array of sweeteners and carbohydrates but PLCβ3 is not needed for taste-driven licking for glucose. Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae001. [PMID: 38183495 PMCID: PMC10825839 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The peripheral taste system is more complex than previously thought. The novel taste-signaling proteins TRPM4 and PLCβ3 appear to function in normal taste responding as part of Type II taste cell signaling or as part of a broadly responsive (BR) taste cell that can respond to some or all classes of tastants. This work begins to disentangle the roles of intracellular components found in Type II taste cells (TRPM5, TRPM4, and IP3R3) or the BR taste cells (PLCβ3 and TRPM4) in driving behavioral responses to various saccharides and other sweeteners in brief-access taste tests. We found that TRPM4, TRPM5, TRPM4/5, and IP3R3 knockout (KO) mice show blunted or abolished responding to all stimuli compared with wild-type. IP3R3 KO mice did, however, lick more for glucose than fructose following extensive experience with the 2 sugars. PLCβ3 KO mice were largely unresponsive to all stimuli except they showed normal concentration-dependent responding to glucose. The results show that key intracellular signaling proteins associated with Type II and BR taste cells are mutually required for taste-driven responses to a wide range of sweet and carbohydrate stimuli, except glucose. This confirms and extends a previous finding demonstrating that Type II and BR cells are both necessary for taste-driven licking to sucrose. Glucose appears to engage unique intracellular taste-signaling mechanisms, which remain to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura E Martin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Aracely Simental-Ramos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Kimberly F James
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Kathryn F Medler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Lindsey A Schier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Ann-Marie Torregrossa
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
- University at Buffalo Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
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5
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Pakkarato S, Sakagami H, Watanabe M, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W, Chomphoo S. Discrete localization patterns of PIP5Kγ and PLCβ3 working sequentially in phosphoinositide-cycle within mouse sensory neuron somata. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:351-358. [PMID: 36579633 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5 kinase (PIP5K) γ and phospholipase C (PLC) β3, working sequentially in the phosphoinositide cycle, are localized in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) somata and are involved in the regulation of pain and related sensations. However, the sites of their involvement have remained to be clarified. In the present study, immunoreactivity for PLCβ3 was distinct only in the central process of mouse DRG, but not in its peripheral process, in contrast to distinct PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity in both peripheral and central DRG processes. No nerve terminals showing immunoreactivity for PLCβ3 were detected in any peripheral sensory fields, similar to PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity. In DRG somata, PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity was rather confined to the neurolemma in which dots and threads were discerned in 3D bright field light microscopy. This feature well corresponded to its discontinuous localization along the plasma membranes in immuno-electron microscopy. In contrast, PLCβ3-immunoreactivity occurred diffusely throughout the somata, but did not take distinct appearance of immunoreaction on neurolemma or plasma membranes, unlike PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity. In addition, satellite glial cells were immunonegative for PLCβ3, but immunopositive for PIP5Kγ. The involvement of PLCβ3 in regulation of pain and related sensations is thus suggested to be mainly exerted at levels of the DRG soma and its upstream, but to be less significant in the peripheral sensory fields, similar to PIP5Kγ. The possibility is also suggested that PIP, PIP5Kγ-target, is localized heterogeneously, but PIP2, PLCβ3-target, is localized homogenously over the plane of the neuronal plasma membranes. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: PIP5Kγ, different from PLCβ3, was localized heterogeneously on neuronal membranes, and this difference was demonstrated in 3D-bright field immuno-light and electron microscopy. Either PIP5Kγ or PLCβ3 was not detected in peripheral nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawetree Pakkarato
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surang Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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6
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Wang B, Jiang B, Li G, Dong F, Luo Z, Cai B, Wei M, Huang J, Wang K, Feng X, Tong F, Wang S, Wang Q, Han Q, Li C, Zhang X, Yang L, Bao L. Somatosensory neurons express specific sets of lincRNAs, and lincRNA CLAP promotes itch sensation in mice. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e54313. [PMID: 36524339 PMCID: PMC9900349 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory neurons are highly heterogeneous with distinct types of neural cells responding to specific stimuli. However, the distribution and roles of cell-type-specific long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) in somatosensory neurons remain largely unexplored. Here, by utilizing droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and full-length Smart-seq2, we show that lincRNAs, but not coding mRNAs, are enriched in specific types of mouse somatosensory neurons. Profiling of lincRNAs from single neurons located in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) identifies 200 lincRNAs localized in specific types or subtypes of somatosensory neurons. Among them, the conserved cell-type-specific lincRNA CLAP associates with pruritus and is abundantly expressed in somatostatin (SST)-positive neurons. CLAP knockdown reduces histamine-induced Ca2+ influx in cultured SST-positive neurons and in vivo reduces histamine-induced scratching in mice. In vivo knockdown of CLAP also decreases the expression of neuron-type-specific and itch-related genes in somatosensory neurons, and this partially depends on the RNA binding protein MSI2. Our data reveal a cell-type-specific landscape of lincRNAs and a function for CLAP in somatosensory neurons in sensory transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and TechnologyZhuhaiChina
| | - Bowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Guo‐Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Bing Cai
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and TechnologyZhuhaiChina
| | - Manyi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiansong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and TechnologyZhuhaiChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sashuang Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and TechnologyZhuhaiChina
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain MedicineHuazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Qingjian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Changlin Li
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and TechnologyZhuhaiChina
- Research Unit of Pain, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and TechnologyZhuhaiChina
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Research Unit of Pain, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
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7
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Gao N, Li M, Wang W, Liu Z, Guo Y. A bibliometrics analysis and visualization study of TRPV1 channel. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1076921. [PMID: 37025492 PMCID: PMC10070874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1076921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: At the end of the 1990s, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was first identified and cloned, serving as a key pain and heat sensor in humans. A large body of evidence have revealed its polymodal structure, complex function and wide-spread distribution, the specific mechanism of the ion channel remains unclear. Our goal here is to perform a bibliometric analysis and visualization study to present hotspots and trends in TRPV1 channel. Materials and Methods: TRPV1-related publications from inception to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software were utilized for co-authorship, co-citation and co-occurrence analysis. Results: There were 9,113 publications included in the study, the number of publications increased rapidly after 1989, from 7 in 1990 to 373 in 2007, during which the number of citations per publication (CPP) also reached a peak in 2000 (CPP = 106.52). A total of 1,486 journals published TRPV1 articles, mainly belong to Q1 or Q2 divisions; The United States published the most articles (TP = 3,080), followed by Japan (TP = 1,221), China (TP = 1,217), and England (TP = 734); In recent years, the TRPV1-related research direction has been broaden to multiple fields related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis; Keyword clustering refined the topic distributions and could be generalized as neuralgia, endogenous cannabinoid system, TRPV1 mediated airway hyperresponsiveness, involvement of apoptosis, TRPV1 antagonists as therapy targets. Conclusion: By conducting an exhaustive bibliographic search, this review refined the topic distributions and generalized as neuralgia, endogenous cannabinoid system, TRPV1 mediated airway hyperresponsiveness, involvement of apoptosis, TRPV1 antagonists as therapy targets. It is currently being clarified how exactly TRPV1 works as an ion channel, and much more in-depth basic research is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Liu, ; Yufeng Guo,
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Liu, ; Yufeng Guo,
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8
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Zhang Y, Richter N, König C, Kremer AE, Zimmermann K. Generalized resistance to pruritogen-induced scratching in the C3H/HeJ strain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:934564. [PMID: 36277491 PMCID: PMC9581333 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.934564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously the effect of the pruritogens, such as histamine and chloroquine, was tested in 11 inbred mouse strains, and this study aimed to identify resistant and sensitive strains, consistent with the observation that underlies the large variability in human populations. In the present study, we used the low responder C3H/HeJ (C3H) and the more sensitive C57BL/6J (C57) strain to find out if resistance and sensitivity to develop pruritus is restricted to only histamine and chloroquine or extends to other known pruritogens as well. We tested five additional commonly known pruritogens. We established dose-response relationships by injecting four concentrations of the pruritogens in the range of 0.3, 1, 3, and ten-fold in the nuchal fold. Then we assessed the scratching behavior for 30 min after injection with an automated custom-designed device based on the bilateral implantation of mini-magnets in the hind paws and on single cages placed within a magnetic coil. We found that the resistance to pruritogens is a general phenotype of the C3H strain and extends to all pruritogens tested, including not only histamine and chloroquine, but also endothelin, trypsin, 5-HT (serotonin), the short peptide SLIGRL, and Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). C57 was more sensitive to all pruritogens and, in contrast to C3H, dose-response relationships were evident for some of the pruritogens. In general, comparable peak scratch responses were observed for the 0.3-fold concentrations of the pruritogens in C57 whereas C3H required at least the ten-fold concentration and still displayed only between 5 and 33% of the scratch responses observed in C57 for the respective pruritogen. The general resistance to pruritogens and the low level of scratching behavior found in the C3H strain is an interesting trait and represents a model for the study of the heritability of itch. It is accompanied in C3H with a higher sensitivity in assays of nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Richter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine König
- Department of Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas E. Kremer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Zimmermann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katharina Zimmermann
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9
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Critical Players and Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Itch. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179935. [PMID: 36077340 PMCID: PMC9456029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic itch is one of the most prominent clinical characteristics of diverse systematic diseases. It is a devastating sensation in pathological diseases. Despite its importance, there are no FDA-labelled drugs specifically geared toward chronic itch. The associated complex pathogenesis and diverse causes escalate chronic itch to being one of the top challenges in healthcare. Humanized antibodies against IL-13, IL-4, and IL-31 proved effective in treatment of itch-associated atopic dermatitis but remain to be validated in chronic itch. There are still no satisfactory anti-itch therapeutics available toward itch-related neuropeptides including GRP, BNP, SST, CGRP, and SP. The newly identified potential itch targets including OSM, NMB, glutamate, periostin, and Serpin E1 have opened new avenues for therapeutic development. Proof-of-principle studies have been successfully performed on antagonists against these proteins and their receptors in itch treatment in animal models. Their translational interventions in humans need to be evaluated. It is of great importance to summarize and compare the newly emerging knowledge on chronic itch and its pathways to promote the development of novel anti-itch therapeutics. The goal of this review is to analyze the different physiologies and pathophysiologies of itch mediators, whilst assessing their suitability as new targets and discussing future therapeutic development.
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10
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Gao Y, Ma R, Weng W, Zhang H, Wang Y, Guo R, Gu X, Yang Y, Yang F, Zhou A, Cheng J, Chen ZY, Zhu MX, Li Y. TRPV1 SUMOylation suppresses itch by inhibiting TRPV1 interaction with H1 receptors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110972. [PMID: 35705043 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying the functional interaction between H1R and TRPV1 remains unclear. We show here that H1R directly binds to the carboxy-terminal region of TRPV1 at residues 715-725 and 736-749. Cell-penetrating peptides containing these sequences suppress histamine-induced scratching behavior in a cheek injection model. The H1R-TRPV1 binding is kept at a minimum at rest in mouse trigeminal neurons due to TRPV1 SUMOylation and it is enhanced upon histamine treatment through a transient TRPV1 deSUMOylation. The knockin of the SUMOylation-deficient TRPV1K823R mutant in mice leads to constitutive enhancement of H1R-TRPV1 binding, which exacerbates scratching behaviors induced by histamine. Conversely, SENP1 conditional knockout in sensory neurons enhances TRPV1 SUMOylation and suppresses the histamine-induced scratching response. In addition to interfering with binding, TRPV1 SUMOylation promotes H1R degradation through ubiquitination. Our work unveils the molecular mechanism of histaminergic itch by which H1R directly binds to deSUMOylated TRPV1 to facilitate the transduction of the pruritogen signal to the scratching response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruining Ma
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiji Weng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rongjun Guo
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaokun Gu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yong Li
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Tominaga M, Takamori K. Peripheral itch sensitization in atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int 2022; 71:265-277. [PMID: 35624035 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder caused by skin dryness and barrier dysfunction, resulting in skin inflammation and chronic itch (or pruritus). The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is thought to be initiated by a lowering of the itch threshold due to dry skin. This lowering of the itch threshold is at least partially due to the increase in intraepidermal nerve fibers and sensitization of sensory nerves by interleukin (IL)-33 produced and secreted by keratinocytes. Such skin is easily prone to itch due to mechanical stimuli, such as rubbing of clothing and chemical stimuli from itch mediators. In patients with atopic dermatitis, once itch occurs, further itch is induced by scratching, and the associated scratching breaks down the skin barrier. Disruption of the skin barrier allows entry into the epidermis of external foreign substances, such as allergens derived from house dust mites, leading to an increased induction of type 2 inflammatory responses. As a result, type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 are mainly secreted by Th2 cells, and their action on sensory nerve fibers causes further itch sensitization. These sequences of events are thought to occur simultaneously in patients with atopic dermatitis, leading to a vicious itch-scratch cycle. This vicious cycle becomes a negative spiral that leads to disease burden. Therefore, controlling itch is essential for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. In this review, we summarize and discuss advances in the mechanisms of peripheral itch sensitization in atopic dermatitis, focusing on skin barrier-neuro-immune triadic connectivity.
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Histamine Is Responsible for the Neuropathic Itch Induced by the Pseudorabies Virus Variant in a Mouse Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051067. [PMID: 35632808 PMCID: PMC9143737 DOI: 10.3390/v14051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the causative agent of pseudorabies (PR). It can infect a wide range of mammals. PRV infection can cause severe acute neuropathy (the so-called “mad itch”) in nonnatural hosts. PRV can infect the peripheral nervous system (PNS), where it can establish a quiescent, latent infection. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contains the cell bodies of the spinal sensory neurons, which can transmit peripheral sensory signals, including itch and somatic pain. Little attention has been paid to the underlying mechanism of the itch caused by PRV in nonnatural hosts. In this study, a mouse model of the itch caused by PRV was elaborated. BALB/c mice were infected intramuscularly with 105 TCID50 of PRV TJ. The frequency of the bite bouts and the durations of itch were recorded and quantified. The results showed that the PRV-infected mice developed spontaneous itch at 32 h postinfection (hpi). The frequency of the bite bouts and the durations of itch were increased over time. The mRNA expression levels of the receptors and the potential cation channels that are relevant to the itch-signal transmission in the DRG neurons were quantified. The mRNA expression levels of tachykinin 1 (TAC1), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-31, tryptases, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) were also measured by high-throughput RNA sequencing and real-time reverse transcription PCR. The results showed that the mean mRNA level of the HDC in the DRG neurons isolated from the PRV-infected mice was approximately 25-fold higher than that of the controls at 56 hpi. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) was strongly positive for HDC in the DRG neurons of the PRV-infected mice, which led to the high expression of histamine at the injected sites. The itch of the infected mice was inhibited by chlorphenamine hydrogen maleate (an antagonist for the histamine H1 receptor) in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein levels of the HDC in the DRG neurons were proportional to the severity of the itch induced by different PRV strains. Taken together, the histamine synthesized by the HDC in the DRG neurons was responsible for the PRV-induced itch in the mice.
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Nitta S, Maeda T, Koudounas S, Minematsu T, Tobe H, Weller C, Sanada H. Which objective itch-assessment tools are applicable to patients with advanced cognitive impairments? A scoping review. Int J Older People Nurs 2022; 17:e12458. [PMID: 35340122 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itching is an irritating and uncomfortable sensation that has a profound effect on patients' physical and mental health. It is a major under-recognised problem in older patients who cannot express their pain due to advanced cognitive impairment. Therefore, objective itch-assessment tools that do not rely on patients' reports of itching may be of value for this patient group. OBJECTIVE To summarise the characteristics of validated objective itch-assessment tools for patients with advanced cognitive impairment. METHODS This scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews checklist. The PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched, via database-specific search strategies, for articles published in English between January 1, 1990 and March 11, 2020. Based on the eligibility criteria, two authors independently screened the articles for inclusion. Thereafter, the lead author performed data extraction and analysis. RESULTS Three validated scratch-monitoring using accelerometers and a sound sensor and one validated scratch-mark assessment have been reported. The Actiwatch Plus, ActiTrac® , body-conducted sound sensor and Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index for scratching (SCORAD-scratch) had positive criterion validity outcomes. The Actiwatch Plus, ActiTrac® and body-conducted sound sensor were significantly correlated with scratch behaviour (r = 0.91, p < 0.001; r = 0.71, p = 0.042; r = 0.99, and p-value not shown, respectively). The SCORAD-scratch was significantly correlated with subjective itch-assessment scores (r = 0.78-0.80, p = <0.0001-0.010). CONCLUSIONS This scoping review summarises the characteristics of validated objective itch-assessment tools to investigate which of these are applicable to older patients with advanced cognitive impairments. Although there are limitations and further verification is required, the ActiTrac® , Actiwatch Plus and body-conducted sound sensor may be useful for measuring scratch movements and itching. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses and patients' families may better understand the characteristics and validity of each objective itch-assessment tool and select the optimal tool for patients with advanced cognitive impairment who cannot express their discomfort caused due to itching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Nitta
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Maeda
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sofoklis Koudounas
- Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Minematsu
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tobe
- Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carolina Weller
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Hiromi Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Szöllősi AG, Oláh A, Lisztes E, Griger Z, Tóth BI. Pruritus: A Sensory Symptom Generated in Cutaneous Immuno-Neuronal Crosstalk. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:745658. [PMID: 35321329 PMCID: PMC8937025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.745658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus or itch generated in the skin is one of the most widespread symptoms associated with various dermatological and systemic (immunological) conditions. Although many details about the molecular mechanisms of the development of both acute and chronic itch were uncovered in the last 2 decades, our understanding is still incomplete and the clinical management of pruritic conditions is one of the biggest challenges in daily dermatological practice. Recent research revealed molecular interactions between pruriceptive sensory neurons and surrounding cutaneous cell types including keratinocytes, as well as resident and transient cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Especially in inflammatory conditions, these cutaneous cells can produce various mediators, which can contribute to the excitation of pruriceptive sensory fibers resulting in itch sensation. There also exists significant communication in the opposite direction: sensory neurons can release mediators that maintain an inflamed, pruritic tissue-environment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the sensory transduction of pruritus detailing the local intercellular interactions that generate itch. We especially emphasize the role of various pruritic mediators in the bidirectional crosstalk between cutaneous non-neuronal cells and sensory fibers. We also list various dermatoses and immunological conditions associated with itch, and discuss the potential immune-neuronal interactions promoting the development of pruritus in the particular diseases. These data may unveil putative new targets for antipruritic pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Lisztes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Griger
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Balázs István Tóth,
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15
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel that is intensively expressed in the peripheral nerve system and involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammals. Its activity is of great significance in transmitting pain or itch signals from peripheral sensory neurons to the central nervous system. The alteration or hypersensitivity of TRPV1 channel is well evidenced under various pathological conditions. Moreover, accumulative studies have revealed that TRPV1-expressing (TRPV1+) sensory neurons mediate the neuroimmune crosstalk by releasing neuropeptides to innervated tissues as well as immune cells. In the central projection, TRPV1+ terminals synapse with the secondary neurons for the transmission of pain and itch signalling. The intense involvement of TRPV1 and TRPV1+ neurons in pain and itch makes it a potential pharmaceutical target. Over decades, the basis of TRPV1 channel structure, the nature of its activity, and its modulation in pathological processes have been broadly studied and well documented. Herein, we highlight the role of TRPV1 and its associated neurons in sensing pain and itch. The fundamental understandings of TRPV1-involved nociception, pruriception, neurogenic inflammation, and cell-specific modulation will help bring out more effective strategies of TRPV1 modulation in treating pain- and itch-related diseases.
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16
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Xie RG, Chu WG, Liu DL, Wang X, Ma SB, Wang F, Wang FD, Lin Z, Wu WB, Lu N, Liu YY, Han WJ, Zhang H, Bai ZT, Hu SJ, Tao HR, Kuner T, Zhang X, Kuner R, Wu SX, Luo C. Presynaptic NMDARs on spinal nociceptor terminals state-dependently modulate synaptic transmission and pain. Nat Commun 2022; 13:728. [PMID: 35132099 PMCID: PMC8821657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postsynaptic NMDARs at spinal synapses are required for postsynaptic long-term potentiation and chronic pain. However, how presynaptic NMDARs (PreNMDARs) in spinal nociceptor terminals control presynaptic plasticity and pain hypersensitivity has remained unclear. Here we report that PreNMDARs in spinal nociceptor terminals modulate synaptic transmission in a nociceptive tone-dependent manner. PreNMDARs depresses presynaptic transmission in basal state, while paradoxically causing presynaptic potentiation upon injury. This state-dependent modulation is dependent on Ca2+ influx via PreNMDARs. Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels are responsible for PreNMDARs-mediated synaptic depression. Rather, tissue inflammation induces PreNMDARs-PKG-I-dependent BDNF secretion from spinal nociceptor terminals, leading to SK channels downregulation, which in turn converts presynaptic depression to potentiation. Our findings shed light on the state-dependent characteristics of PreNMDARs in spinal nociceptor terminals on modulating nociceptive transmission and revealed a mechanism underlying state-dependent transition. Moreover, we identify PreNMDARs in spinal nociceptor terminals as key constituents of activity-dependent pain sensitization. Postsynaptic NMDARs at spinal synapses are required for postsynaptic long-term potentiation and chronic pain. Here, the authors show that also presynaptic NMDARs in spinal nociceptor terminals modulate synaptic transmission in a nociceptive tone-dependent manner.
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17
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Guo CJ, Grabinski NS, Liu Q. Peripheral Mechanisms of Itch. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:31-41. [PMID: 34838258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Itch is a universally experienced sensation, and chronic itch can be as diabolically debilitating as pain. Recent advances have not only identified the neuronal itch sensing circuitry, but also have uncovered the intricate interactions between skin and immune cells that work together with neurons to identify itch-inducing irritants. In this review, we will summarize the fundamental mechanisms of acute itch detection in the skin, as well as highlight the recent discoveries relating to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiong J Guo
- Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Grabinski
- Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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18
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Desensitization of TRPV1 Involved in the Antipruritic Effect of Osthole on Histamine-Induced Scratching Behavior in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4012812. [PMID: 34691215 PMCID: PMC8528571 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4012812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osthole has been isolated from the fruits of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, which has been used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat pruritic disorders for a long time. However, the antipruritic mechanism of osthole is not fully understood. In the present study, using calcium imaging, molecular docking, and animal scratching behavior, we analyzed the pharmacological effects of osthole on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). The results showed that osthole significantly induced calcium influx in a dose-dependent manner in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Osthole-induced calcium influx was inhibited by AMG9810, an antagonist of TRPV1. Osthole and the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin-induced calcium influx were desensitized by pretreatment with osthole. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that osthole could bind to TRPV1 with a hydrogen bond by anchoring to the amino acid residue ARG557 in the binding pocket of TRPV1. In addition, TRPV1 is a downstream ion channel for the histamine H1 and H4 receptors to transmit itch signals. Osthole attenuated scratching behavior induced by histamine, HTMT (histamine H1 receptor agonist), and VUF8430 (histamine H4 receptor agonist) in mice. These results suggest that osthole inhibition of histamine-dependent itch may be due to the activation and subsequent desensitization of TRPV1 in DRG neurons.
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Wilzopolski J, Kietzmann M, Mishra SK, Stark H, Bäumer W, Rossbach K. TRPV1 and TRPA1 Channels Are Both Involved Downstream of Histamine-Induced Itch. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081166. [PMID: 34439832 PMCID: PMC8391774 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Two histamine receptor subtypes (HR), namely H1R and H4R, are involved in the transmission of histamine-induced itch as key components. Although exact downstream signaling mechanisms are still elusive, transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels play important roles in the sensation of histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels in the transmission of histaminergic itch. The potential of TRPV1 and TRPA1 inhibitors to modulate H1R- and H4R-induced signal transmission was tested in a scratching assay in mice in vivo as well as via Ca2+ imaging of murine sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in vitro. TRPV1 inhibition led to a reduction of H1R- and H4R- induced itch, whereas TRPA1 inhibition reduced H4R- but not H1R-induced itch. TRPV1 and TRPA1 inhibition resulted in a reduced Ca2+ influx into sensory neurons in vitro. In conclusion, these results indicate that both channels, TRPV1 and TRPA1, are involved in the transmission of histamine-induced pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wilzopolski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (K.R.)
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.K.M.); (W.B.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(03)-083864434
| | - Manfred Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Santosh K. Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.K.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.K.M.); (W.B.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristine Rossbach
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (K.R.)
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20
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Lee K, Choi YI, Im ST, Hwang SM, Lee HK, Im JZ, Kim YH, Jung SJ, Park CK. Riboflavin Inhibits Histamine-Dependent Itch by Modulating Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:643483. [PMID: 34220447 PMCID: PMC8249943 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.643483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, isfound in foods and is used as a dietary supplement. Its deficiency (also called ariboflavinosis) results in some skin lesions and inflammations, such as stomatitis, cheilosis, oily scaly skin rashes, and itchy, watery eyes. Various therapeutic effects of riboflavin, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive effects, are well known. Although some studies have identified the clinical effect of riboflavin on skin problems, including itch and inflammation, its underlying mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the effects of riboflavin on histamine-dependent itch based on behavioral tests and electrophysiological experiments. Riboflavin significantly reduced histamine-induced scratching behaviors in mice and histamine-induced discharges in single-nerve fiber recordings, while it did not alter motor function in the rotarod test. In cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, riboflavin showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the histamine- and capsaicin-induced inward current. Further tests wereconducted to determine whether two endogenous metabolites of riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), have similar effects to those of riboflavin. Here, FMN, but not FAD, significantly inhibited capsaicin-induced currents and itching responses caused by histamine. In addition, in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-transfected HEK293 cells, both riboflavin and FMN blocked capsaicin-induced currents, whereas FAD did not. These results revealed that riboflavin inhibits histamine-dependent itch by modulating TRPV1 activity. This study will be helpful in understanding how riboflavin exerts antipruritic effects and suggests that it might be a useful drug for the treatment of histamine-dependent itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Lee
- Tooth-Periodontium Complex Medical Research Center (MRC), Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young In Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Taek Im
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Han-Kyu Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jay-Zoon Im
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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21
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Mishra SK, Wheeler JJ, Pitake S, Ding H, Jiang C, Fukuyama T, Paps JS, Ralph P, Coyne J, Parkington M, DeBrecht J, Ehrhardt-Humbert LC, Cruse GP, Bäumer W, Ji RR, Ko MC, Olivry T. Periostin Activation of Integrin Receptors on Sensory Neurons Induces Allergic Itch. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107472. [PMID: 32268102 PMCID: PMC9210348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allergic itch is a common symptom affecting millions of people and animals, but its pathogenesis is not fully explained. Herein, we show that periostin, abundantly expressed in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), induces itch in mice, dogs, and monkeys. We identify the integrin αVβ3 expressed on a subset of sensory neurons as the periostin receptor. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we inhibited the function of neuronal integrin αVβ3, which significantly reduces periostin-induced itch in mice. Furthermore, we show that the cytokine TSLP, the application of AD-causing MC903 (calcipotriol), and house dust mites all induce periostin secretion. Finally, we establish that the JAK/STAT pathway is a key regulator of periostin secretion in keratinocytes. Altogether, our results identify a TSLP-periostin reciprocal activation loop that links the skin to the spinal cord via peripheral sensory neurons, and we characterize the non-canonical functional role of an integrin in itch. Mishra et al. demonstrate periostin-induced itch in mice, dogs, and monkeys and identify the integrin αVβ3 as the periostin neuronal receptor. They find that keratinocytes release periostin in response to TSLP, thus identifying a possible reciprocal vicious circle implicating the cytokine TSLP and periostin in chronic allergic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; The WM Keck Behavioral Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Joshua J Wheeler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Saumitra Pitake
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Tomoki Fukuyama
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Judy S Paps
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Ralph
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jacob Coyne
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Parkington
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer DeBrecht
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lauren C Ehrhardt-Humbert
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Glenn P Cruse
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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22
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Kittaka H, DeBrecht J, Mishra SK. Differential contribution of sensory transient receptor potential channels in response to the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920903515. [PMID: 32089077 PMCID: PMC7040933 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920903515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kittaka
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer DeBrecht
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Santosh K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,The WM Keck Behavioral Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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23
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Kim SH, Yang S, Lim KH, Ko E, Jang HJ, Kang M, Suh PG, Joo JY. Prediction of Alzheimer's disease-specific phospholipase c gamma-1 SNV by deep learning-based approach for high-throughput screening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2011250118. [PMID: 33397809 PMCID: PMC7826347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011250118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exon splicing triggered by unpredicted genetic mutation can cause translational variations in neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we discover Alzheimer's disease (AD)-specific single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and abnormal exon splicing of phospholipase c gamma-1 (PLCγ1) gene, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a deep learning-based exon splicing prediction tool. GWAS revealed that the identified single-nucleotide variations were mainly distributed in the H3K27ac-enriched region of PLCγ1 gene body during brain development in an AD mouse model. A deep learning analysis, trained with human genome sequences, predicted 14 splicing sites in human PLCγ1 gene, and one of these completely matched with an SNV in exon 27 of PLCγ1 gene in an AD mouse model. In particular, the SNV in exon 27 of PLCγ1 gene is associated with abnormal splicing during messenger RNA maturation. Taken together, our findings suggest that this approach, which combines in silico and deep learning-based analyses, has potential for identifying the clinical utility of critical SNVs in AD prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, 41062 Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 41062 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Yang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, 41062 Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 41062 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, 41062 Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 41062 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiseng Ko
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingon Kang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 41062 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, 41062 Daegu, Republic of Korea;
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 41062 Daegu, Republic of Korea
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24
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Wang T, Tao J, Fang Y, Ma C. The role of pruriceptors in enhancing sensitivity to pruritogens in a murine chronic compression model of dorsal root ganglion. Mol Brain 2021; 14:15. [PMID: 33468207 PMCID: PMC7814616 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pruritus is a symptom that commonly observed in neurological diseases. It has been hypothesized that the chronic pruritus may result from sensitization of itch-signaling pathways but the mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we established a mouse model of chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (CCD) and injected various pruritogenic and algogenic agents intradermally to the calf skin ipsilateral to the compressed dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Compared to the naïve mice, a significant increase in itch-related behaviors was observed in the CCD mice after the injection of pruritogens including histamine and BAM8-22, but not after the injection of capsaicin, although all the above agents evoked enhanced pain-related behaviors toward the injected site. In addition, we investigated if pruritogen-evoked activities of DRG neurons were enhanced in this model. In vivo calcium imaging revealed that compressed DRG neurons exhibited enhanced responses to histamine and BAM8-22. Immunoflorescent staining also showed that the histamine receptor H1 and the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 were significantly upregulated in DRG neurons. Our findings indicated that the sensitization of primary pruriceptive neurons may underlie the enhanced itch sensation after chronic compression of DRG in the mice, and may play a role in chronic pruritus in neurological diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Capsaicin/adverse effects
- Cattle
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ganglia, Spinal/diagnostic imaging
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Histamine/adverse effects
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Compression Syndromes/complications
- Nerve Compression Syndromes/metabolism
- Nerve Compression Syndromes/pathology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Pain/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/adverse effects
- Pruritus/metabolism
- Pruritus/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H4/metabolism
- TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jin Tao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yehong Fang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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25
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Ide S, Kawamata T, Ishida K, Fuseya S, Ishida T, Sugiyama Y, Kawamata M, Tanaka S. Phospholipase Cβ3 Expressed in Mouse DRGs is Involved in Inflammatory and Postoperative Pain. J Pain Res 2020; 13:3371-3384. [PMID: 33335421 PMCID: PMC7737028 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s280565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that phospholipase Cβ3 (PLCβ3), which is a common downstream component in the signaling cascade, plays an important role in peripheral mechanisms of perception including nociception. However, detailed profiles of PLCβ3-expressing dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and involvement of PLCβ3 in inflammatory and postoperative pain have not been fully investigated. Purpose We evaluated neurochemical char0acteristics of PLCβ3-expressing DRG neurons in mice and then we examined the effects of selective knockdown of PLCβ3 expression in DRGs on inflammatory and postoperative pain. Methods Male C57BL/6-strain mice were used. For the inflammatory model, each mouse received subcutaneous injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in the left hindpaw. For the postoperative pain model, a plantar incision was made in the left hindpaw. PLCβ3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide or PLCβ3 mismatch oligodeoxynucleotide was intrathecally administered once a day for three consecutive days in each model. The time courses of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperalgesia were investigated. Changes in PLCβ3 protein levels in DRGs were evaluated by Western blotting. Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed that high proportion of the PLCβ3-positive profiles were biotinylated isolectin B4-positive or transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1-positive. PLCβ3 protein level in DRGs during CFA-induced inflammation was comparable to that at baseline. Intrathecal administration of PLCβ3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, which significantly suppressed PLCβ3 expression in DRGs, did not affect pain thresholds in normal conditions but inhibited CFA-induced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia both at the early and late phases compared to that in mismatch oligodeoxynucleotide-treated mice. Intrathecal administration of PLCβ3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide also inhibited surgical incision-induced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Conclusion Our results uncover a unique role of PLCβ3 in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain induced by CFA application and in those of surgical incision-induced pain, although PLCβ3 does not play a major role in thermal nociception or mechanical nociception in normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ide
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawamata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fuseya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mikito Kawamata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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26
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Itch: A Paradigm of Neuroimmune Crosstalk. Immunity 2020; 52:753-766. [PMID: 32433948 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the medical definition of itch has been in existence for 360 years, only in the last 20 years have we begun to understand the basic mechanisms that underlie this unique sensation. Therapeutics that specifically target chronic itch as a pathologic entity are currently still not available. Recent seminal advances in itch circuitry within the nervous system have intersected with discoveries in immunology in unexpected ways to rapidly inform emerging treatment strategies. The current review aims to introduce these basic concepts in itch biology and highlight how distinct immunologic pathways integrate with recently identified itch-sensory circuits in the nervous system to inform a major new paradigm of neuroimmunology and therapeutic development for chronic itch.
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27
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Dutta Banik D, Benfey ED, Martin LE, Kay KE, Loney GC, Nelson AR, Ahart ZC, Kemp BT, Kemp BR, Torregrossa AM, Medler KF. A subset of broadly responsive Type III taste cells contribute to the detection of bitter, sweet and umami stimuli. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008925. [PMID: 32790785 PMCID: PMC7425866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste receptor cells use multiple signaling pathways to detect chemicals in potential food items. These cells are functionally grouped into different types: Type I cells act as support cells and have glial-like properties; Type II cells detect bitter, sweet, and umami taste stimuli; and Type III cells detect sour and salty stimuli. We have identified a new population of taste cells that are broadly tuned to multiple taste stimuli including bitter, sweet, sour, and umami. The goal of this study was to characterize these broadly responsive (BR) taste cells. We used an IP3R3-KO mouse (does not release calcium (Ca2+) from internal stores in Type II cells when stimulated with bitter, sweet, or umami stimuli) to characterize the BR cells without any potentially confounding input from Type II cells. Using live cell Ca2+ imaging in isolated taste cells from the IP3R3-KO mouse, we found that BR cells are a subset of Type III cells that respond to sour stimuli but also use a PLCβ signaling pathway to respond to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli. Unlike Type II cells, individual BR cells are broadly tuned and respond to multiple stimuli across different taste modalities. Live cell imaging in a PLCβ3-KO mouse confirmed that BR cells use this signaling pathway to respond to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli. Short term behavioral assays revealed that BR cells make significant contributions to taste driven behaviors and found that loss of either PLCβ3 in BR cells or IP3R3 in Type II cells caused similar behavioral deficits to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli. Analysis of c-Fos activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) also demonstrated that functional Type II and BR cells are required for normal stimulus induced expression. We use our taste system to decide if we are going to consume or reject a potential food item. This is critical for survival, as we need energy to live but also need to avoid potentially toxic compounds. Therefore, it is important to understand how the taste cells in our mouth detect the chemicals in food and send a message to our brain. Signals from the taste cells form a code that conveys information about the nature of the potential food item to the brain. How this taste coding works is not well understood. Currently, it is thought that taste cells are primarily selective for each taste stimuli and only detect either bitter, sweet, sour, salt, or umami (amino acids) compounds. Our study describes a new population of taste cells that can detect multiple types of stimuli, including chemicals from different taste qualities. Thus, taste cells can be either selective or generally responsive to stimuli which is similar to the cells in the brain that process taste information. The presence of these broadly responsive taste cells provides new insight into how taste information is sent to the brain for processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarghya Dutta Banik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Benfey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Martin
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristen E. Kay
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregory C. Loney
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Zachary C. Ahart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Barrett T. Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Bailey R. Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Ann-Marie Torregrossa
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Kathryn F. Medler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Zhang X. Direct Gα q Gating Is the Sole Mechanism for TRPM8 Inhibition Caused by Bradykinin Receptor Activation. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3672-3683.e4. [PMID: 31216483 PMCID: PMC6595177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Gαq-coupled receptors by inflammatory mediators inhibits cold-sensing TRPM8 channels, aggravating pain and inflammation. Both Gαq and the downstream hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) inhibit TRPM8. Here, I demonstrate that direct Gαq gating is essential for both the basal cold sensitivity of TRPM8 and TRPM8 inhibition elicited by bradykinin in sensory neurons. The action of Gαq depends on binding to three arginine residues in the N terminus of TRPM8. Neutralization of these residues markedly increased sensitivity of the channel to agonist and membrane voltage and completely abolished TRPM8 inhibition by both Gαq and bradykinin while sparing the channel sensitivity to PIP2. Interestingly, the bradykinin receptor B2R also binds to TRPM8, rendering TRPM8 insensitive to PIP2 depletion. Furthermore, TRPM8-Gαq binding impaired Gαq coupling and signaling to PLCβ-PIP2. The crosstalk in the TRPM8-Gαq-B2R complex thus determines Gαq gating rather than PIP2 as a sole means of TRPM8 inhibition by bradykinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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29
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Solinski HJ, Kriegbaum MC, Tseng PY, Earnest TW, Gu X, Barik A, Chesler AT, Hoon MA. Nppb Neurons Are Sensors of Mast Cell-Induced Itch. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3561-3573.e4. [PMID: 30917312 PMCID: PMC6490177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant skin sensation that can be triggered by exposure to many chemicals, including those released by mast cells. The natriuretic polypeptide b (Nppb)-expressing class of sensory neurons, when activated, elicits scratching responses in mice, but it is unclear which itch-inducing agents stimulate these cells and the receptors involved. Here, we identify receptors expressed by Nppb neurons and demonstrate the functional importance of these receptors as sensors of endogenous pruritogens released by mast cells. Our search for receptors in Nppb neurons reveals that they express leukotriene, serotonin, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. Targeted cell ablation, calcium imaging of primary sensory neurons, and conditional receptor knockout studies demonstrate that these receptors induce itch by the direct stimulation of Nppb neurons and neurotransmission through the canonical gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-dependent spinal cord itch pathway. Together, our results define a molecular and cellular pathway for mast cell-induced itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jürgen Solinski
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mette C Kriegbaum
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pang-Yen Tseng
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas W Earnest
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinglong Gu
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arnab Barik
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A Hoon
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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30
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Lee SH, Tonello R, Choi Y, Jung SJ, Berta T. Sensory Neuron-Expressed TRPC4 Is a Target for the Relief of Psoriasiform Itch and Skin Inflammation in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2221-2229.e6. [PMID: 32289348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease associated with itch, which is a troublesome symptom with a few therapeutic options. TRPC4 is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Recently, we have revealed itch signaling in DRG neurons by which TRPC4 mediates itch to serotonergic antidepressants and demonstrated the antipruritic effect of the TRPC4 inhibitor ML204. However, the role of TRPC4 in acute and chronic itch is still largely unknown. Here, we have characterized the expression of TRPC4 in peptidergic DRG neurons and showed that acute itch induced by serotonin and histamine was attenuated in Trpc4-knockout mice and ML204-treated mice. We have also shown that silencing TRPC4 in DRG and its inhibition by intradermal injections were also effective in decreasing psoriatic itch after the repeated application of imiquimod, which is a preclinical model of psoriasis. Of clinical relevance, intradermal injections of ML204 in psoriasiform skin significantly reversed imiquimod-established chronic itch and cutaneous inflammation. Given that TRPC4 is expressed in human DRGs and a specific inhibitor is in clinical trials, our data not only expand our understanding of itch and psoriasis, but also reveal TRPC4 as a potential therapeutic target with considerable translational benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Youngin Choi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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31
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Xing Y, Chen J, Hilley H, Steele H, Yang J, Han L. Molecular Signature of Pruriceptive MrgprA3 + Neurons. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2041-2050. [PMID: 32234460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Itch, initiated by the activation of sensory neurons, is associated frequently with dermatological diseases. MrgprA3+ sensory neurons have been identified as one of the major itch-sensing neuronal populations. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that peripheral pathological conditions induce physiological regulation of sensory neurons, which is critical for the maintenance of chronic itch sensation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we performed RNA sequencing of genetically labeled MrgprA3+ neurons under both naïve and allergic contact dermatitis conditions. Our results revealed the unique molecular signature of itch-sensing neurons and the distinct transcriptional profile changes that result in response to dermatitis. We found enrichment of nine Mrgpr family members and two histamine receptors in MrgprA3+ neurons, suggesting that MrgprA3+ neurons are a direct neuronal target for histamine and Mrgpr agonists. In addition, PTPN6 and PCDH12 were identified as highly selective markers of MrgprA3+ neurons. We also discovered that MrgprA3+ neurons respond to skin dermatitis in a way that is unique from other sensory neurons by regulating a combination of transcriptional factors, ion channels, and key molecules involved in synaptic transmission. These results significantly increase our knowledge of itch transmission and uncover potential targets for combating itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xing
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Henry Hilley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haley Steele
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Liang Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Barry DM, Liu XT, Liu B, Liu XY, Gao F, Zeng X, Liu J, Yang Q, Wilhelm S, Yin J, Tao A, Chen ZF. Exploration of sensory and spinal neurons expressing gastrin-releasing peptide in itch and pain related behaviors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1397. [PMID: 32170060 PMCID: PMC7070094 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) functions as a neurotransmitter for non-histaminergic itch, but its site of action (sensory neurons vs spinal cord) remains controversial. To determine the role of GRP in sensory neurons, we generated a floxed Grp mouse line. We found that conditional knockout of Grp in sensory neurons results in attenuated non-histaminergic itch, without impairing histamine-induced itch. Using a Grp-Cre knock-in mouse line, we show that the upper epidermis of the skin is exclusively innervated by GRP fibers, whose activation via optogeneics and chemogenetics in the skin evokes itch- but not pain-related scratching or wiping behaviors. In contrast, intersectional genetic ablation of spinal Grp neurons does not affect itch nor pain transmission, demonstrating that spinal Grp neurons are dispensable for itch transmission. These data indicate that GRP is a neuropeptide in sensory neurons for non-histaminergic itch, and GRP sensory neurons are dedicated to itch transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Barry
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xue-Ting Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Center for Immunology, Inflammation, Immune-mediated disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Benlong Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xian-Yu Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Fang Gao
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu Road, 464000, Xinyang, P. R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Qianyi Yang
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven Wilhelm
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ailin Tao
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Center for Immunology, Inflammation, Immune-mediated disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhou-Feng Chen
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Yu H, Zhao T, Liu S, Wu Q, Johnson O, Wu Z, Zhuang Z, Shi Y, Peng L, He R, Yang Y, Sun J, Wang X, Xu H, Zeng Z, Zou P, Lei X, Luo W, Li Y. MRGPRX4 is a bile acid receptor for human cholestatic itch. eLife 2019; 8:48431. [PMID: 31500698 PMCID: PMC6773440 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver diseases often suffer from chronic itch, yet the pruritogen(s) and receptor(s) remain largely elusive. Here, we identify bile acids as natural ligands for MRGPRX4. MRGPRX4 is expressed in human dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) neurons and co-expresses with itch receptor HRH1. Bile acids elicited Ca2+ responses in cultured hDRG neurons, and bile acids or a MRGPRX4 specific agonist induced itch in human subjects. However, a specific agonist for another bile acid receptor TGR5 failed to induce itch in human subjects and we find that human TGR5 is not expressed in hDRG neurons. Finally, we show positive correlation between cholestatic itch and plasma bile acids level in itchy patients and the elevated bile acids is sufficient to activate MRGPRX4. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that MRGPRX4 is a novel bile acid receptor that likely underlies cholestatic itch in human, providing a promising new drug target for anti-itch therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinxue Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Omar Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luxin Peng
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Renxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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Dong X, Dong X. Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Itch. Neuron 2019; 98:482-494. [PMID: 29723501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Itch is a unique sensory experience that is encoded by genetically distinguishable neurons both in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) to elicit a characteristic behavioral response (scratching). Itch interacts with the other sensory modalities at multiple locations, from its initiation in a particular dermatome to its transmission to the brain where it is finally perceived. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular and neural mechanisms of itch by starting in the periphery, where itch is initiated, and discussing the circuits involved in itch processing in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and the Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and the Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Xie B, Li X. Inflammatory mediators causing cutaneous chronic itch in some diseases via transient receptor potential channel subfamily V member 1 and subfamily A member 1. J Dermatol 2019; 46:177-185. [PMID: 30588658 PMCID: PMC6590237 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic itch with an itch-scratch vicious circle is a significant problem in a large amount of diseases. Some of these diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, Sézary syndrome, uremic pruritus, diabetes and jaundice, are common. For a very long time, chronic itch has been a thorny problem with few effective treatments. Because of this, itch researchers and dermatologists seek to find the mechanisms among chronic itch, inflammatory cytokines and neurons. As an immediate area of research focus, we are going to find the peripheral cross-talk between neurons and skin cells. Two receptors, named transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential channel ankyrin transmembrane protein 1, have been shown to play important roles in chronic itch. Many advances have been made so far this decade. This review talks about the updated mechanism of itch-related inflammatory cytokines via transient receptor potential channels in cutaneous chronic itch and corresponding diseases. The search for itch-related inflammatory mediators and the structure of transient receptor potential channels this decade could deepen our understanding of the mechanism of itch and help us find more treatments of chronic itch in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Xin‐Yu Li
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
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36
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Min H, Cho WH, Lee H, Choi B, Kim YJ, Lee HK, Joo Y, Jung SJ, Choi SY, Lee S, Lee SJ. Association of TRPV1 and TLR4 through the TIR domain potentiates TRPV1 activity by blocking activation-induced desensitization. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918812636. [PMID: 30355052 PMCID: PMC6856976 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918812636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that histamine-induced pruritus was attenuated in
toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockout mice due to decreased transient
receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) sensitivity. Our results implied that TLR4
potentiated TRPV1 activation in sensory neurons; however, the molecular
mechanism has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the
molecular mechanisms of TLR4-mediated TRPV1 potentiation using
TLR4-deficient sensory neurons and a heterologous expression system. Methods Primary sensory neurons were obtained from wild-type or TLR4 knockout mice,
and HEK293T cells expressing TRPV1 and TLR4 were prepared by transient
transfection. TRPV1 activity was analyzed by calcium imaging,
fluorophotometry, and patch-clamp recording. Subcellular protein
distribution was tested by immunocytochemistry and cell surface
biotinylation assay. Protein interaction was assessed by western blot and
immunoprecipitation assay. Results Direct association between TRPV1 and TLR4 was detected in HEK293T cells upon
heterologous TRPV1 and TLR4 expression. In an immunoprecipitation assay
using TLR4-deletion mutants and soluble toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)
protein, the cytoplasmic TIR domain of TLR4 was required for TLR4-TRPV1
association and TRPV1 potentiation. In TLR4-deficient sensory neurons, the
activation-induced desensitization of TRPV1 increased, accompanied by
enhanced TRPV1 clearance from the cell membrane upon activation compared to
wild-type neurons. In addition, heterologous TLR4 expression inhibited
activation-induced TRPV1 endocytosis and lysosomal degradation in HEK293T
cells. Conclusion Our data show that direct association between TRPV1 and TLR4 through the TIR
domain enhances TRPV1 activity by blocking activation-induced TRPV1
desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Min
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Cho
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Boomin Choi
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Kim
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Kyu Lee
- 2 Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonhee Joo
- 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- 2 Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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Hockley JRF, Smith ESJ, Bulmer DC. Human visceral nociception: findings from translational studies in human tissue. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G464-G472. [PMID: 29848022 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral sensitization of nociceptors during disease has long been recognized as a leading cause of inflammatory pain. However, a growing body of data generated over the last decade has led to the increased understanding that peripheral sensitization is also an important mechanism driving abdominal pain in highly prevalent functional bowel disorders, in particular, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). As such, the development of drugs that target pain-sensing nerves innervating the bowel has the potential to be a successful analgesic strategy for the treatment of abdominal pain in both organic and functional gastrointestinal diseases. Despite the success of recent peripherally restricted approaches for the treatment of IBS, not all drugs that have shown efficacy in animal models of visceral pain have reduced pain end points in clinical trials of IBS patients, suggesting innate differences in the mechanisms of pain processing between rodents and humans and, in particular, how we model disease states. To address this gap in our understanding of peripheral nociception from the viscera and the body in general, several groups have developed experimental systems to study nociception in isolated human tissue and neurons, the findings of which we discuss in this review. Studies of human tissue identify a repertoire of human primary afferent subtypes comparable to rodent models including a nociceptor population, the targeting of which will shape future analgesic development efforts. Detailed mechanistic studies in human sensory neurons combined with unbiased RNA-sequencing approaches have revealed fundamental differences in not only receptor/channel expression but also peripheral pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R F Hockley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - David C Bulmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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38
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Oetjen LK, Kim BS. Interactions of the immune and sensory nervous systems in atopy. FEBS J 2018; 285:3138-3151. [PMID: 29637705 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A striking feature underlying all atopic disorders, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, is the presence of pathologic sensory responses, reflexes, and behaviors. These symptoms, exemplified by chronic airway irritation and cough, chronic itch and scratching, as well as gastrointestinal discomfort and dysfunction, are often cited as the most debilitating aspects of atopic disorders. Emerging studies have highlighted how the immune system shapes the scope and intensity of sensory responses by directly modulating the sensory nervous system. Additionally, factors produced by neurons have demonstrated novel functions in propagating atopic inflammation at barrier surfaces. In this review, we highlight new studies that have changed our understanding of atopy through advances in characterizing the reciprocal interactions between the immune and sensory nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon K Oetjen
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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39
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Pruritus: Progress toward Pathogenesis and Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9625936. [PMID: 29850592 PMCID: PMC5925168 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9625936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus, the most common cutaneous symptom, is widely seen in many skin complaints. It is an uncomfortable feeling on the skin and sometimes impairs patients' quality of life. At present, the specific mechanism of pruritus still remains unclear. Antihistamines, which are usually used to relieve pruritus, ineffectively work in some patients with itching. Recent evidence has suggested that, apart from histamine, many mediators and signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of pruritus. Various therapeutic options for itching correspondingly have been developed. In this review, we summarize the updated pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for pruritus.
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40
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WenTong HuoXue Cream Can Inhibit the Reduction of the Pain-Related Molecule PLC- β3 in the Dorsal Root Ganglion of a Rat Model of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3416936. [PMID: 29599806 PMCID: PMC5828334 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3416936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
WenTong HuoXue Cream (WTHX-Cream) has been shown to effectively alleviate clinical symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This study investigated the gene and protein expression of the pain-related molecule PLC-β3 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of DPN rats. 88 specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats were randomly divided into placebo (10 rats) and DPN model (78 rats) groups, and the 78 model rats were used to establish the DPN model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and were then fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. These rats were randomly divided into the model group, the high-, medium-, and low-dose WTHX-Cream + metformin groups, the metformin group, the capsaicin cream group, and the capsaicin cream + metformin group. After 4 weeks of continuous drug administration, the blood glucose, body weight, behavioral indexes, and sciatic nerve conduction velocity were measured. The pathological structure of the DRG and the sciatic nerve were observed. PLC-β3 mRNA and protein levels in the DRG of rats were measured. Compared with the model group, the high-dose WTHX-Cream group showed increased sciatic nerve conduction velocity, improved sciatic nerve morphological changes, and increased expression of PLC-β3 mRNA and protein in the DRG. This study showed that WTHX-Cream improves hyperalgesia symptoms of DPN by inhibiting the reduction of PLC-β3 mRNA and protein expression in the diabetic DRG of DPN rats.
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Ji Y, Jang Y, Lee WJ, Yang YD, Shim WS. Different perception levels of histamine-induced itch sensation in young adult mice. Physiol Behav 2018; 188:188-193. [PMID: 29432788 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that evokes behavioral responses such as scratching the skin. Interestingly, it is conceived that the perception of itch sensation is influenced by age. Indeed, accumulating evidence supports the idea that even children or younger adults show distinctive itch sensation depending on age. This evidence implies the presence of a mechanism that regulates the perception of itch sensation in an age-dependent fashion. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate a putative mechanism for the age-dependent perception of itch sensation by comparing histamine-induced scratching behaviors in 45-day old (D45) and 75-day old male "young adult" mice. The results indicated that, following histamine administration, the D75 mice spent a longer time scratching than D45 mice. However, the intensity of the calcium influx induced by histamine in primary culture of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons was not different between D45 and D75 mice. Moreover, no apparent difference was observed in mRNA levels of a characteristic His-related receptor and ion channel. In contrast, the mRNA levels of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) were increased approximately by two-fold in D75 DRG compared with D45 DRG. Additionally, D75-derived DRG neurons exhibited enhanced intracellular calcium increase by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 agonist) than those of D45 mice. Furthermore, intensities of calcium influx induced by histamine were significantly potentiated when co-treated with LPS in D75 DRG neurons, but not in those of D45 mice. Thus, it appears that D75 mice showed enhanced histamine-induced scratching behaviors not by increased expression levels of histamine-related genes, but probably due to augmented TLR4 expression in DRG neurons. Consequently, the current study found that different perception levels of histamine-induced itch sensation are present in different age groups of young adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeounjung Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Psychiatry and Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Wook Joo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Young Duk Yang
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pangyoro 335, Bundang-gu, Sungnam, Gyunggi 463-840, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Sik Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
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Deftu AF, Filippi A, Gheorghe RO, Ristoiu V. CXCL1 activates TRPV1 via Gi/o protein and actin filaments. Life Sci 2017; 193:282-291. [PMID: 28966134 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS CXCL1 is a chemokine with pleiotropic effects, including pain and itch. Itch, an unpleasant sensation that elicits the desire or reflex to scratch, it is evoked mainly from the skin and implicates activation of a specific subset of IB4+, C-type primary afferents. In previous studies we showed that acute application of CXCL1 induced a Ca2+ influx of low amplitude and slow kinetics in a subpopulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1)+/isolectin B4 (IB4)+dorsal root ganglia neurons which also responded to other itch-inducing agents. In this study we explored the mechanism behind the Ca2+ influx to better understand how CXCL1 acts on primary sensitive neurons to induce itch. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intracellular Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp recordings on dorsal root ganglia neurons primary cultures and HEK293T cell transiently transfected with TRPV1 and CXCR2 plasmids were used to investigate the acute effect (12min application) of 4nM CXCL1. In primary cultures, the focus was on TRPV1+/IB4+ cells to which the itch-sensitive neurons belong. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the Ca2+ influx induced by the acute application of CXCL1 is mediated mainly by TRPV1 receptors and depends on extracellular Ca2+ not on intracellular stores. TRPV1 was activated, not sensitized by CXCL1, in a CXCR2 receptors- and actin filaments-dependent manner, since specific blockers and actin depolymerizing agents disrupted the CXCL1 effect. SIGNIFICANCE This study brings additional data about the itch inducing mechanism of CXCL1 chemokine and about a new mechanism of TRPV1 activation via actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florian Deftu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bulevardul Eroilor Sanitari 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Olimpia Gheorghe
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Violeta Ristoiu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
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Sun S, Xu Q, Guo C, Guan Y, Liu Q, Dong X. Leaky Gate Model: Intensity-Dependent Coding of Pain and Itch in the Spinal Cord. Neuron 2017; 93:840-853.e5. [PMID: 28231466 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coding of itch versus pain has been heatedly debated for decades. However, the current coding theories (labeled line, intensity, and selectivity theory) cannot accommodate all experimental observations. Here we identified a subset of spinal interneurons, labeled by gastrin-releasing peptide (Grp), that receive direct synaptic input from both pain and itch primary sensory neurons. When activated, these Grp+ neurons generated rarely seen, simultaneous robust pain and itch responses that were intensity dependent. Accordingly, we propose a "leaky gate" model in which Grp+ neurons transmit both itch and weak pain signals; however, upon strong painful stimuli, the recruitment of endogenous opioids works to close this gate, reducing overwhelming pain generated by parallel pathways. Consistent with our model, loss of these Grp+ neurons increased pain responses while itch was decreased. Our new model serves as an example of non-monotonic coding in the spinal cord and better explains observations in human psychophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuohao Sun
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Changxiong Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Wong LS, Wu T, Lee CH. Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Itch: Implications in Pathophysiology-Directed Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1485. [PMID: 28698528 PMCID: PMC5535975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Itch is the main chief complaint in patients visiting dermatologic clinics and has the ability to deeply impair life quality. Itch results from activation of cutaneous nerve endings by noxious stimuli such as inflammatory mediators, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, causing itch signal transduction from peripheral skin, through the spinal cord and thalamus, to the brain cortex. Primarily noninflammatory diseases, such as uremic pruritus, cause itch through certain pruritogens in the skin. In inflammatory skin diseases, atopic dermatitis (AD) is the prototypic disease causing intensive itch by aberrant skin inflammation and epidermal barrier disruption. Recent understanding of disease susceptibility, severity markers, and mechanisms have helped to develop targeted therapy for itch in AD, including monoclonal antibodies against IL-4, IL-13, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IgE and IL-31. Promising effects have been observed in some of them. In this review, we summarized targeted therapies for inflammatory itch in AD and for managing abnormal itch transductions in other common itching skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-San Wong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Tiffany Wu
- Zanvyl Kreiger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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Huang C, Lu F, Li P, Cao C, Liu Z. Tlx3 Function in the Dorsal Root Ganglion is Pivotal to Itch and Pain Sensations. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:205. [PMID: 28701920 PMCID: PMC5487456 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Itch, a sensation eliciting a desire to scratch, is distinct from but not completely independent of pain. Inspiring achievements have been made in the characterization of itch-related receptors and neurotransmitters, but the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of pruriceptors remain poorly understood. Here, our RNAseq and in situ hybridization data show that the transcription factor Tlx3 is required for the expression of a majority of itch-related molecules in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). As a result, Tlx3F/F;Nav1.8-cre mice exhibit significantly attenuated acute and dry skin-induced chronic itch. Furthermore, our study indicates that TRPV1 plays a pivotal role in the chronic itch evoked by dry skin and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The mutants also display impaired response to cold and inflammatory pain and elevated response to capsaicin, whereas the responses to acute mechanical, thermal stimuli and neuropathic pain remain normal. In Tlx3F/F;Nav1.8-cre mice, TRPV1 is derepressed and expands predominantly into IB4+ non-peptidergic (NP) neurons. Collectively, our data reveal a molecular mechanism in regulating the development of pruriceptors and controlling itch and pain sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fumin Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel as a target of crotamiton and its bimodal effects. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1313-1323. [PMID: 28612138 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The sensation of itching can be defined as "an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes a desire to scratch." The perception of itching is not critical for the maintenance of life, but persistent itching can be extremely irritating and decreases the quality of life. Crotamiton (N-ethyl-o-crotonotoluidide) has been used as an anti-itch agent for humans for around 70 years. In spite of the long use of crotamiton, its mechanism of action remains unknown. We hypothesized that crotamiton might have effects on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels expressed in the peripheral nervous system and the skin. We first examined the effects of crotamiton on TRP channels by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We found that crotamiton strongly inhibited TRPV (vanilloid) 4 channels followed by large currents after crotamiton washout. In mice, crotamiton inhibited itch-related behaviors induced by a TRPV4-selective agonist (GSK1016790A). We biophysically investigated the large TRPV4 currents after crotamiton washout. Comparing single-channel open probabilities and current amplitudes of TRPV4, increases in both parameters were found to contribute to the large washout currents of TRPV4. Because the change in current amplitudes suggested pore dilation of TRPV4, we examined this possibility with cation replacement experiments and by measuring changes in reversal potentials. Greater cation influxes and changes in reversal potentials upon crotamiton washout were observed, suggesting that the TRPV4 pore dilated in its uninhibited state. From these results, we identified the molecular target of crotamiton as TRPV4 and demonstrated pore dilation of TRPV4 upon crotamiton washout.
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Goto K, Hiramoto K, Kita H, Ooi K. Role of mast cells in the induction of dry skin in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017; 37:61-70. [PMID: 28573874 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2017.1337784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known to induce dry skin as an extra-articular symptom. However, the mechanisms behind the induction are unclear. In this study, we utilized an arthritis mouse model to simulate RA to reveal the relationship between arthritis and dry skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS DBA/1JJmsSlc control mice (n = 5) and DBA/1JJmsSlc collagen-induced arthritis mouse model (arthritis mice; n = 5) were used. We measured transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and capacitance to reveal the effect of arthritis on skin barrier function. In addition, we measured the expression of biomarkers of skin barrier function. RESULTS We found that the hind limb volume of the arthritis mice was higher than that of the control mice. Our results showed that the arthritis mice had higher TEWL and lower capacitance when compared to the control mice. When compared to that of the control mice, the skin of the arthritis mice was thicker with more leukocyte infiltration. In the skin of arthritis mice, we observed lower expression of type I and IV collagens, but higher expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and -9 when compared to that of the control mice. The levels of mast cells, histamine, substance P, and tryptase were higher in the arthritis mice than in the control mice. This study showed that the arthritis mice exhibited a disruption of skin barrier function (i.e. dry skin), which was improved following treatment with a mast cell inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our results on mast cells suggested that an improvement of dry skin is important for RA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Goto
- a Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science , Suzuka University of Medical Science , Suzuka , Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- b Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science , Suzuka University of Medical Science , Suzuka , Japan
| | - Hijiri Kita
- a Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science , Suzuka University of Medical Science , Suzuka , Japan
| | - Kazuya Ooi
- a Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science , Suzuka University of Medical Science , Suzuka , Japan
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48
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Tajiri K, Shimizu Y. Recent advances in the management of pruritus in chronic liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3418-3426. [PMID: 28596678 PMCID: PMC5442078 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i19.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is a symptom found in patients with chronic liver diseases, especially cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis. This symptom impairs patient quality of life by disturbing sleep and may lead to consideration of liver transplantation. Mechanisms implicated in pruritus have been associated with the peripheral and central nervous systems, leading to the development of various therapeutic options. Little evidence for the efficacy of most of these treatments is currently available, indicating a need for further investigations.
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49
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Ostadhadi S, Haddadi NS, Foroutan A, Azimi E, Elmariah S, Dehpour AR. Development of resistance to serotonin-induced itch in bile duct ligated mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:680-685. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Ostadhadi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center; Neurosciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Arash Foroutan
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center; Neurosciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ehsan Azimi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Massachusetts General Hospital; Charlestown MA USA
| | - Sarina Elmariah
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Massachusetts General Hospital; Charlestown MA USA
| | - Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center; Neurosciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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50
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Kittaka H, Uchida K, Fukuta N, Tominaga M. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced itch is mediated by signalling of LPA 5 receptor, phospholipase D and TRPA1/TRPV1. J Physiol 2017; 595:2681-2698. [PMID: 28176353 DOI: 10.1113/jp273961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an itch mediator, but not a pain mediator by a cheek injection model. Dorsal root ganglion neurons directly respond to LPA depending on transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). LPA-induced itch-related behaviours are decreased in TRPA1-knockout (KO), TRPV1KO or TRPA1TRPV1 double KO mice. TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels are activated by intracellular LPA, but not by extracellular LPA following LPA5 receptor activation with an activity of Ca2+ -independent phospholipase A2 and phospholipase D. Intracellular LPA interaction sites of TRPA1 are KK672-673 and KR977-978 (K: lysine, R: arginine). ABSTRACT Intractable and continuous itch sensations often accompany diseases such as atopic dermatitis, neurogenic lesions, uremia and cholestasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an itch mediator found in cholestatic itch patients and it induces acute itch and pain in experimental rodent models. However, the molecular mechanism by which LPA activates peripheral sensory neurons remains unknown. In this study, we used a cheek injection method in mice to reveal that LPA induced itch-related behaviours but not pain-related behaviours. The LPA-induced itch behaviour and cellular effects were dependent on transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which are important for itch signal transduction. We also found that, among the six LPA receptors, the LPA5 receptor had the greatest involvement in itching. Furthermore, we demonstrated that phospholipase D (PLD) plays a critical role downstream of LPA5 and that LPA directly and intracellularly activates TRPA1 and TRPV1. These results suggest a unique mechanism by which cytoplasmic LPA produced de novo could activate TRPA1 and TRPV1. We conclude that LPA-induced itch is mediated by LPA5 , PLD, TRPA1 and TRPV1 signalling, and thus targeting TRPA1, TRPV1 or PLD could be effective for cholestatic itch interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kittaka
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Uchida
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Naomi Fukuta
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, 279-0021, Japan
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