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Edwards MM, Nguyen HK, Dodson AD, Herbertson AJ, Wolden-Hanson T, Wietecha T, Honeycutt MK, Slattery JD, O'Brien KD, Graham JL, Havel PJ, Mundinger TO, Sikkema C, Peskind ER, Ryu V, Taborsky GJ, Blevins JE. Sympathetic innervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue is not a predominant mediator of oxytocin-elicited reductions of body weight and adiposity in male diet-induced obese mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596425. [PMID: 38854021 PMCID: PMC11160755 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that CNS administration of oxytocin (OT) reduces body weight in high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure (EE). We recently demonstrated that hindbrain (fourth ventricular [4V]) administration of OT elicits weight loss and elevates interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature (T IBAT , a surrogate measure of increased EE) in DIO mice. What remains unclear is whether OT-elicited weight loss requires increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow to IBAT. We hypothesized that OT-induced stimulation of SNS outflow to IBAT contributes to its ability to activate BAT and elicit weight loss in DIO mice. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of disrupting SNS activation of IBAT on the ability of 4V OT administration to increase T IBAT and elicit weight loss in DIO mice. We first determined whether bilateral surgical SNS denervation to IBAT was successful as noted by ≥ 60% reduction in IBAT norepinephrine (NE) content in DIO mice. NE content was selectively reduced in IBAT at 1-, 6- and 7-weeks post-denervation by 95.9±2.0, 77.4±12.7 and 93.6±4.6% ( P <0.05), respectively and was unchanged in inguinal white adipose tissue, pancreas or liver. We subsequently measured the effects of acute 4V OT (1, 5 µg ≈ 0.99, 4.96 nmol) on T IBAT in DIO mice following sham or bilateral surgical SNS denervation to IBAT. We found that the high dose of 4V OT (5 µg ≈ 4.96 nmol) elevated T IBAT similarly in sham mice as in denervated mice. We subsequently measured the effects of chronic 4V OT (16 nmol/day over 29 days) or vehicle infusions on body weight, adiposity and food intake in DIO mice following sham or bilateral surgical denervation of IBAT. Chronic 4V OT reduced body weight by 5.7±2.23% and 6.6±1.4% in sham and denervated mice ( P <0.05), respectively, and this effect was similar between groups ( P =NS). OT produced corresponding reductions in whole body fat mass ( P <0.05). Together, these findings support the hypothesis that sympathetic innervation of IBAT is not necessary for OT-elicited increases in BAT thermogenesis and reductions of body weight and adiposity in male DIO mice.
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Shiao MS, Liu ST, Siriwatcharapibool G, Thongpradit S, Khunpanich P, Tong SK, Huang CH, Jinawath N, Chou MY. Conserved expression of the zebrafish syt4 gene in GABAergic neurons in the cerebellum of adult fishes revealed by mammalian SYT4 immunoreactive-like signals. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30575. [PMID: 38765140 PMCID: PMC11098836 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptotagmin 4 (syt4) belongs to the synaptotagmin protein family, which has 17 and 28 family members in human and zebrafish, respectively. In zebrafish and rodents, syt4 is known to express abundantly in the entire central nervous system in the early developmental stages. In adult rodents, the gene expression shifts to be predominant in the cerebellum, mostly in Purkinje cells, a type of GABAergic neurons. However, there is no report of the expression pattern of syt4 in the adult zebrafish brain. Therefore, we hypothesize that the expression of syt4 is conserved in adult zebrafish and is specific to the GABAergic neurons, likely Purkinje cells, in the cerebellum. To examine the hypothesis, we first show that only one copy of syt4 gene remains in the zebrafish genome, and it is orthologous to the gene in other vertebrates. We further observe mammalian SYT4 antibody immunoreactive-like (mSYT4-ir) signals in several structures in the hindbrain including the medial divisions of the valvula cerebelli and the corpus cerebelli. In addition, our observations indicate the presence of mSYT4-ir signals in GABAergic neurons, most notably in the Purkinje cell layer of the molecular layer in the aforementioned structures. Conversely, mSYT4-ir signals are not observed in glutamatergic or cholinergic neurons. Therefore, we deduce that the syt4 gene in zebrafish exhibits a homologous expression pattern to those of previously studied vertebrate species, which is revealed by the positive immunoreactive-like signals of mammalian SYT4 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shin Shiao
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sian-Tai Liu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Supranee Thongpradit
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Punnakorn Khunpanich
- International College, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sok-Keng Tong
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Integrative Computational Bioscience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Ming-Yi Chou
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Kim J, Seol S, Kim TE, Lee J, Koo JW, Kang HJ. Synaptotagmin-4 induces anhedonic responses to chronic stress via BDNF signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:329-343. [PMID: 38297157 PMCID: PMC10907712 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stressful circumstances are significant contributors to mental illnesses such as major depressive disorder. Anhedonia, defined as loss of the ability to enjoy pleasure in pleasurable situations, including rewarding activities or social contexts, is considered a key symptom of depression. Although stress-induced depression is associated with anhedonia in humans and animals, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anhedonic responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that synaptotagmin-4 (SYT4), which is involved in the release of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, is implicated in chronic stress-induced anhedonia. Employing chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), we evaluated two subpopulations of mice, susceptible (SUS, anhedonic) and resilient (RES, nonanhedonic), based on sucrose preference, which was strongly correlated with social reward. The FosTRAP (targeted recombination in active populations) system and optogenetic approach revealed that neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly associated with CUS-induced anhedonic behavioral phenotypes. By conducting weighted gene coexpression network analysis of RNA sequencing data from the mPFC of SUS and RES mice, we identified Syt4 as a hub gene in a gene network that was unique to anhedonia. We also confirmed that Syt4 overexpression in the mPFC was pro-susceptible, while Syt4 knockdown was pro-resilient; the pro-susceptible effects of SYT4 were mediated through a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the mPFC. These findings suggest that SYT4-BDNF interactions in the mPFC represent a crucial regulatory mechanism of anhedonic susceptibility to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseop Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihwan Seol
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jung Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Katheder NS, Browder KC, Chang D, De Maziere A, Kujala P, van Dijk S, Klumperman J, Lu TC, Li H, Lai Z, Sangaraju D, Jasper H. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling maintains epithelial barrier integrity. eLife 2023; 12:e86381. [PMID: 38063293 PMCID: PMC10764009 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of epithelial barriers is a common disease manifestation in chronic degenerative diseases of the airways, lung, and intestine. Extensive human genetic studies have identified risk loci in such diseases, including in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inflammatory bowel diseases. The genes associated with these loci have not fully been determined, and functional characterization of such genes requires extensive studies in model organisms. Here, we report the results of a screen in Drosophila melanogaster that allowed for rapid identification, validation, and prioritization of COPD risk genes that were selected based on risk loci identified in human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Using intestinal barrier dysfunction in flies as a readout, our results validate the impact of candidate gene perturbations on epithelial barrier function in 56% of the cases, resulting in a prioritized target gene list. We further report the functional characterization in flies of one family of these genes, encoding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subunits. We find that nAchR signaling in enterocytes of the fly gut promotes epithelial barrier function and epithelial homeostasis by regulating the production of the peritrophic matrix. Our findings identify COPD-associated genes critical for epithelial barrier maintenance, and provide insight into the role of epithelial nAchR signaling for homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja S Katheder
- Regenerative Medicine, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Kristen C Browder
- Regenerative Medicine, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Diana Chang
- Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Ann De Maziere
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pekka Kujala
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Dijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tzu-Chiao Lu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Hongjie Li
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Zijuan Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Regenerative Medicine, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
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5
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Gruber T, Lechner F, Murat C, Contreras RE, Sanchez-Quant E, Miok V, Makris K, Le Thuc O, González-García I, García-Clave E, Althammer F, Krabichler Q, DeCamp LM, Jones RG, Lutter D, Williams RH, Pfluger PT, Müller TD, Woods SC, Pospisilik JA, Martinez-Jimenez CP, Tschöp MH, Grinevich V, García-Cáceres C. High-calorie diets uncouple hypothalamic oxytocin neurons from a gut-to-brain satiation pathway via κ-opioid signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113305. [PMID: 37864798 PMCID: PMC10636643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin-expressing paraventricular hypothalamic neurons (PVNOT neurons) integrate afferent signals from the gut, including cholecystokinin (CCK), to adjust whole-body energy homeostasis. However, the molecular underpinnings by which PVNOT neurons orchestrate gut-to-brain feeding control remain unclear. Here, we show that mice undergoing selective ablation of PVNOT neurons fail to reduce food intake in response to CCK and develop hyperphagic obesity on a chow diet. Notably, exposing wild-type mice to a high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet recapitulates this insensitivity toward CCK, which is linked to diet-induced transcriptional and electrophysiological aberrations specifically in PVNOT neurons. Restoring OT pathways in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice via chemogenetics or polypharmacology sufficiently re-establishes CCK's anorexigenic effects. Last, by single-cell profiling, we identify a specialized PVNOT neuronal subpopulation with increased κ-opioid signaling under an HFHS diet, which restrains their CCK-evoked activation. In sum, we document a (patho)mechanism by which PVNOT signaling uncouples a gut-brain satiation pathway under obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gruber
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA.
| | - Franziska Lechner
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cahuê Murat
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raian E Contreras
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Sanchez-Quant
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Viktorian Miok
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Makris
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ophélia Le Thuc
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ismael González-García
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena García-Clave
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Quirin Krabichler
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lisa M DeCamp
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA
| | - Dominik Lutter
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rhiannan H Williams
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Neurogenomics, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiology of Diabetes, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA
| | - Celia P Martinez-Jimenez
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Wang J, Jin L, Guo M, Chen L, Zhang L, Li Y, Wan B, Zhang R, Jia W, Hu C. Neuregulin4 Acts on Hypothalamic ErBb4 to Excite Oxytocin Neurons and Preserve Metabolic Homeostasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204824. [PMID: 37060105 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is an adipose tissue-enriched secreted factor that modulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Nrg4 is closely associated with obesity and preserves diet-induced metabolic disorders. However, the specific mechanisms via which Nrg4 regulates metabolic homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Here, this work finds that the Nrg4 receptor, ErbB4, is highly expressed in the hypothalamus, and the phosphorylation of hypothalamic ErbB4 is reduced in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. Peripheral Nrg4 can act on ErbB4 via blood circulation and excite neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN). Central administration of recombinant Nrg4 protein (rNrg4) reduces obesity and related metabolic disorders by influencing energy expenditure and intake. Overexpression of ErbB4 in the PVN protects against obesity, whereas its knock down in oxytocin (Oxt) neuron accelerates obesity. Furthermore, Nrg4-ErbB4 signaling excites Oxt release, and ablation of Oxt neuron considerably attenuates the effect of Nrg4 on energy balance. These data suggest that the hypothalamus is a key target of Nrg4, which partially explains the multifaceted roles of Nrg4 in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai, 201449, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Li Jin
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Baocheng Wan
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai, 201449, P. R. China
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7
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Liu H, Li X, Li P, Hai R, Li J, Fan Q, Wang X, Chen Y, Cao X, Zhang X, Gao R, Wang K, Du C. Glutamatergic melanocortin-4 receptor neurons regulate body weight. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22920. [PMID: 37078546 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201786r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC), enriched in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2) neurons, is a potential homeostasis-regulating hub. However, the identity of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, PVNVGlut2::MC4R and LCVGlut2::MC4R regulation of body weight, and axonal projections of LCVGlut2 neurons remain unclear. Conditional knockout of MC4R in chimeric mice was used to confirm the effects of VGlut2. Interscapular brown adipose tissue was injected with pseudorabies virus to study the central nervous system projections. We mapped the LCVGlut2 circuitry. Based on the Cre-LoxP recombination system, specific knockdown of MC4R in VGlut2 neurons resulted in weight gain in chimeric mice. Adeno-associated virus-mediated knockdown of MC4R expression in the PVN and LC had potential superimposed effects on weight gain, demonstrating the importance of VGlut2 neurons. Unlike these wide-ranging efferent projections, the PVN, hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, supraoptic nucleus of the lateral olfactory tegmental nuclei, and nucleus tractus solitarius send excitatory projections to LCVGlut2 neurons. The PVN → LC glutamatergic MC4R long-term neural circuit positively affected weight management and could help treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rihan Hai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Ruifeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chenguang Du
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
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8
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Asker M, Krieger JP, Liles A, Tinsley IC, Borner T, Maric I, Doebley S, Furst CD, Börchers S, Longo F, Bhat YR, De Jonghe BC, Hayes MR, Doyle RP, Skibicka KP. Peripherally restricted oxytocin is sufficient to reduce food intake and motivation, while CNS entry is required for locomotor and taste avoidance effects. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:856-877. [PMID: 36495318 PMCID: PMC9987651 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxytocin (OT) has a well-established role in reproductive behaviours; however, it recently emerged as an important regulator of energy homeostasis. In addition to central nervous system (CNS), OT is found in the plasma and OT receptors (OT-R) are found in peripheral tissues relevant to energy balance regulation. Here, we aim to determine whether peripheral OT-R activation is sufficient to alter energy intake and expenditure. METHODS AND RESULTS We first show that systemic OT potently reduced food intake and food-motivated behaviour for a high-fat reward in male and female rats. As it is plausible that peripherally, intraperitoneally (IP) injected OT crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to produce some of the metabolic effects within the CNS, we screened, with a novel fluorescently labelled-OT (fAF546-OT, Roxy), for the presence of IP-injected Roxy in CNS tissue relevant to feeding control and compared such with BBB-impermeable fluorescent OT-B12 (fCy5-OT-B12; BRoxy). While Roxy did penetrate the CNS, BRoxy did not. To evaluate the behavioural and thermoregulatory impact of exclusive activation of peripheral OT-R, we generated a novel BBB-impermeable OT (OT-B12 ), with equipotent binding at OT-R in vitro. In vivo, IP-injected OT and OT-B12 were equipotent at food intake suppression in rats of both sexes, suggesting that peripheral OT acts on peripheral OT-R to reduce feeding behaviour. Importantly, OT induced a potent conditioned taste avoidance, indistinguishable from that induced by LiCl, when applied peripherally. Remarkably, and in contrast to OT, OT-B12 did not induce any conditioned taste avoidance. Limiting the CNS entry of OT also resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of emesis in male shrews. While both OT and OT-B12 proved to have similar effects on body temperature, only OT resulted in home-cage locomotor depression. CONCLUSIONS Together our data indicate that limiting systemic OT CNS penetrance preserves the anorexic effects of the peptide and reduces the clinically undesired side effects of OT: emesis, taste avoidance and locomotor depression. Thus, therapeutic targeting of peripheral OT-R may be a viable strategy to achieve appetite suppression with better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Asker
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for molecular and translational medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amber Liles
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ian C Tinsley
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tito Borner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ivana Maric
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Doebley
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C Daniel Furst
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stina Börchers
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for molecular and translational medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Longo
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yashaswini R Bhat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bart C De Jonghe
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for molecular and translational medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Baumer-Harrison C, Breza JM, Sumners C, Krause EG, de Kloet AD. Sodium Intake and Disease: Another Relationship to Consider. Nutrients 2023; 15:535. [PMID: 36771242 PMCID: PMC9921152 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium (Na+) is crucial for numerous homeostatic processes in the body and, consequentially, its levels are tightly regulated by multiple organ systems. Sodium is acquired from the diet, commonly in the form of NaCl (table salt), and substances that contain sodium taste salty and are innately palatable at concentrations that are advantageous to physiological homeostasis. The importance of sodium homeostasis is reflected by sodium appetite, an "all-hands-on-deck" response involving the brain, multiple peripheral organ systems, and endocrine factors, to increase sodium intake and replenish sodium levels in times of depletion. Visceral sensory information and endocrine signals are integrated by the brain to regulate sodium intake. Dysregulation of the systems involved can lead to sodium overconsumption, which numerous studies have considered causal for the development of diseases, such as hypertension. The purpose here is to consider the inverse-how disease impacts sodium intake, with a focus on stress-related and cardiometabolic diseases. Our proposition is that such diseases contribute to an increase in sodium intake, potentially eliciting a vicious cycle toward disease exacerbation. First, we describe the mechanism(s) that regulate each of these processes independently. Then, we highlight the points of overlap and integration of these processes. We propose that the analogous neural circuitry involved in regulating sodium intake and blood pressure, at least in part, underlies the reciprocal relationship between neural control of these functions. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on how stress-related and cardiometabolic diseases influence these circuitries to alter the consumption of sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Baumer-Harrison
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Joseph M. Breza
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric G. Krause
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Annette D. de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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10
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Zayan U, Caccialupi Da Prato L, Muscatelli F, Matarazzo V. Modulation of the thermosensory system by oxytocin. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1075305. [PMID: 36698777 PMCID: PMC9868264 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1075305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohormone involved early in neurodevelopment and is implicated in multiple functions, including sensory modulation. Evidence of such modulation has been observed for different sensory modalities in both healthy and pathological conditions. This review summarizes the pleiotropic modulation that OT can exercise on an often overlooked sensory system: thermosensation. This system allows us to sense temperature variations and compensate for the variation to maintain a stable core body temperature. Oxytocin modulates autonomic and behavioral mechanisms underlying thermoregulation at both central and peripheral levels. Hyposensitivity or hypersensitivity for different sensory modalities, including thermosensitivity, is a common feature in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), recapitulated in several ASD mouse models. These sensory dysregulations occur early in post-natal development and are correlated with dysregulation of the oxytocinergic system. In this study, we discussed the potential link between thermosensory atypia and the dysregulation of the oxytocinergic system in ASD.
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11
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Changes in Serum Oxytocin Levels under Physiological and Supraphysiological Gonadal Steroid Hormone Conditions in Women of Reproductive Age: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245350. [PMID: 36558508 PMCID: PMC9787714 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) affects many behavioral, psychological, and physiological functions, including appetite and body weight regulation. Central and peripheral OT levels are markedly affected by gonadal steroids, especially estrogen, and the anorectic effects of estrogen are partially mediated by OT in rodents. In this study, the relationship between the estrogen milieu and serum OT levels was evaluated in women of reproductive age under physiological (n = 9) and supraphysiological estrogenic conditions (n = 7). Consequently, it was found that serum OT levels were increased in physiological (the ovulatory phase) and supraphysiological (on the day of the human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in an ovarian stimulation cycle) estrogenic conditions, and that serum OT levels were positively correlated with serum estradiol levels. On the other hand, serum OT levels were negatively correlated with serum progesterone levels, and there was no correlation between serum and follicular OT levels. These results suggest that OT levels may be positively and negatively regulated by estrogen and progesterone, respectively, in humans. However, the physiological roles of these actions of gonadal steroids on OT remain unclear.
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12
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Dos-Santos RC, Ishioka G, Cognuck SQ, Mantovani M, Caliman IF, Elias LLK, Antunes-Rodrigues J. High-fat diet changes the behavioural and hormonal responses to water deprivation in male Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1454-1466. [PMID: 36114682 DOI: 10.1113/ep090513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of an obesogenic diet on the control of hydromineral balance in rats? What is the main finding and its importance? The results showed that, when dehydrated, rats fed a high-fat diet drink less water than their control-diet-fed counterparts. Changes in aquaporin-7 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α expression in the white adipose tissue might be involved. ABSTRACT High-fat diet (HFD) increases fat accumulation, glycaemia and blood triglycerides and is used as a model to study obesity. Besides the metabolic changes, obesity likely affects water intake. We assessed the effects of HFD on behavioural and hormonal responses to water deprivation. Additionally, we measured if the adipose tissue is differentially affected by water deprivation in control and HFD-fed rats. HFD rats showed a decreased basal water intake when compared to control-fed rats. When subjected to 48 h of water deprivation, as expected, both control and HFD rats drank more water than the hydrated rats. However, the increase in water intake was lessened in HFD dehydrated rats. Similarly, the increase in haematocrit in dehydrated rats was less pronounced in HFD dehydrated rats. These results suggest that HFD diminishes drinking behaviour. White adipose tissue weight, glycaemia and plasma glycerol concentration were increased in HFD rats; however, after 48 h of water deprivation, these parameters were significantly decreased in dehydrated HFD rats, when compared to controls. The increase in adipose tissue caused by HFD may mitigate the effects of dehydration, possibly through the increased production of metabolic water caused by lipolysis in the adipocytes. Oxytocin possibly mediates the lipolytic response, since both its secretion and receptor expression are affected by dehydration in both control and HFD rats, which suggests that oxytocin signalling is maintained in these conditions. Changes in mediators of lipolysis, such as aquaporin-7 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, might contribute to the different effects observed in control and HFD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoni Conceição Dos-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ishioka
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Quiros Cognuck
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milene Mantovani
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabela Facco Caliman
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Fukushima A, Kataoka N, Nakamura K. An oxytocinergic neural pathway that stimulates thermogenic and cardiac sympathetic outflow. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111380. [PMID: 36130511 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin alters autonomic functions besides social behaviors. However, the central neuronal links between hypothalamic oxytocinergic neurons and the autonomic nervous system remain unclear. Here we show that oxytocinergic neurons in the rat paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), a pivotal site for energy homeostasis, innervate sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral medullary raphe region (rMR) to stimulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and cardiovascular functions. Oxytocin receptor stimulation in the rMR evokes BAT thermogenesis and tachycardia. In vivo optogenetic stimulation of the PVH→rMR long-range oxytocinergic pathway, using a virus-mediated system for amplified gene expression in oxytocinergic neurons, not only elicits BAT thermogenic and cardiac responses but also potentiates sympathetic responses evoked by glutamatergic transmission in the rMR. The PVH→rMR oxytocinergic pathway connects the hypothalamic circuit for energy homeostasis to thermogenic and cardiac sympathetic outflow, and, therefore, its defects may cause obesity and impaired thermoregulation, as seen in Prader-Willi syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Fukushima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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14
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Olszewski PK, Noble EE, Paiva L, Ueta Y, Blevins JE. Oxytocin as a potential pharmacological tool to combat obesity. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13106. [PMID: 35192207 PMCID: PMC9372234 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has emerged as an important anorexigen in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. It has been shown that the release of OT and activation of hypothalamic OT neurons coincide with food ingestion. Its effects on feeding have largely been attributed to limiting meal size through interactions in key regulatory brain regions governing the homeostatic control of food intake such as the hypothalamus and hindbrain in addition to key feeding reward areas such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. Furthermore, the magnitude of an anorexigenic response to OT and feeding-related activation of the brain OT circuit are modified by the composition and flavor of a diet, as well as by a social context in which a meal is consumed. OT is particularly effective in reducing consumption of carbohydrates and sweet tastants. Pharmacologic, genetic, and pair-feeding studies indicate that OT-elicited weight loss cannot be fully explained by reductions of food intake and that the overall impact of OT on energy balance is also partly a result of OT-elicited changes in lipolysis, energy expenditure, and glucose regulation. Peripheral administration of OT mimics many of its effects when it is given into the central nervous system, raising the questions of whether and to what extent circulating OT acts through peripheral OT receptors to regulate energy balance. Although OT has been found to elicit weight loss in female mice, recent studies have indicated that sex and estrous cycle may impact oxytocinergic modulation of food intake. Despite the overall promising basic research data, attempts to use OT in the clinical setting to combat obesity and overeating have generated somewhat mixed results. The focus of this mini-review is to briefly summarize the role of OT in feeding and metabolism, address gaps and inconsistencies in our knowledge, and discuss some of the limitations to the potential use of chronic OT that should help guide future research on OT as a tailor-made anti-obesity therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel K Olszewski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Waikato, New Zealand
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily E Noble
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Luis Paiva
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - James E Blevins
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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15
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Changes in Endogenous Oxytocin Levels and the Effects of Exogenous Oxytocin Administration on Body Weight Changes and Food Intake in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158207. [PMID: 35897783 PMCID: PMC9330807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently seen in females of reproductive age and is associated with metabolic disorders that are exacerbated by obesity. Although body weight reduction programs via diet and lifestyle changes are recommended for modifying reproductive and metabolic phenotypes, the drop-out rate is high. Thus, an efficacious, safe, and continuable treatment method is needed. Recent studies have shown that oxytocin (OT) reduces body weight gain and food intake, and promotes lipolysis in some mammals, including humans (especially obese individuals), without any adverse effects. In the present study, we evaluated the changes in endogenous OT levels, and the effects of acute and chronic OT administration on body weight changes, food intake, and fat mass using novel dihydrotestosterone-induced PCOS model rats. We found that the serum OT level was lower in PCOS model rats than in control rats, whereas the hypothalamic OT mRNA expression level did not differ between them. Acute intraperitoneal administration of OT during the dark phase reduced the body weight gain and food intake in PCOS model rats, but these effects were not observed in control rats. In contrast, chronic administration of OT decreased the food intake in both the PCOS model rats and control rats. These findings indicate that OT may be a candidate medicine that is efficacious, safe, and continuable for treating obese PCOS patients.
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16
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Greenwood M, Gillard BT, Farrukh R, Paterson A, Althammer F, Grinevich V, Murphy D, Greenwood MP. Transcription factor Creb3l1 maintains proteostasis in neuroendocrine cells. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101542. [PMID: 35803572 PMCID: PMC9294333 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dynamic changes to neuropeptide hormone synthesis and secretion by hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells is essential to ensure metabolic homeostasis. The specialised molecular mechanisms that allow neuroendocrine cells to synthesise and secrete vast quantities of neuropeptides remain ill defined. The objective of this study was to identify novel genes and pathways controlled by transcription factor and endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor Creb3l1 which is robustly activated in hypothalamic magnocellular neurones in response to increased demand for protein synthesis. METHODS We adopted a multiomic strategy to investigate specific roles of Creb3l1 in rat magnocellular neurones. We first performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by genome sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify Creb3l1 genomic targets and then integrated this data with RNA sequencing data from physiologically stimulated and Creb3l1 knockdown magnocellular neurones. RESULTS The data converged on Creb3l1 targets that code for ribosomal proteins and endoplasmic reticulum proteins crucial for the maintenance of cellular proteostasis. We validated genes that compose the PERK arm of the unfolded protein response pathway including Eif2ak3, Eif2s1, Atf4 and Ddit3 as direct Creb3l1 targets. Importantly, knockdown of Creb3l1 in the hypothalamus led to a dramatic depletion in neuropeptide synthesis and secretion. The physiological outcomes from studies of paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei Creb3l1 knockdown animals were changes to food and water consumption. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data identify Creb3l1 as a comprehensive controller of the PERK signalling pathway in magnocellular neurones in response to physiological stimulation. The broad regulation of neuropeptide synthesis and secretion by Creb3l1 presents a new therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkwan Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Benjamin T Gillard
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Rizwan Farrukh
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex Paterson
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Ferdinand Althammer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael P Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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17
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Dunigan AI, Roseberry AG. Actions of feeding-related peptides on the mesolimbic dopamine system in regulation of natural and drug rewards. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2:100011. [PMID: 37220637 PMCID: PMC10201992 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine system is the primary neural circuit mediating motivation, reinforcement, and reward-related behavior. The activity of this system and multiple behaviors controlled by it are affected by changes in feeding and body weight, such as fasting, food restriction, or the development of obesity. Multiple different peptides and hormones that have been implicated in the control of feeding and body weight interact with the mesolimbic dopamine system to regulate many different dopamine-dependent, reward-related behaviors. In this review, we summarize the effects of a selected set of feeding-related peptides and hormones acting within the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens to alter feeding, as well as food, drug, and social reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Dunigan
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Aaron G. Roseberry
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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18
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Delignat-Lavaud B, Ducrot C, Kouwenhoven W, Feller N, Trudeau LÉ. Implication of synaptotagmins 4 and 7 in activity-dependent somatodendritic dopamine release in the ventral midbrain. Open Biol 2022; 12:210339. [PMID: 35232250 PMCID: PMC8889187 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons can release DA not just from axon terminals, but also from their somatodendritic (STD) compartment through a mechanism that is still incompletely understood. Using voltammetry in mouse mesencephalic brain slices, we find that STD DA release has low capacity and shows a calcium sensitivity that is comparable to that of axonal release. We find that the molecular mechanism of STD DA release differs from axonal release with regard to the implication of synaptotagmin (Syt) calcium sensors. While individual constitutive knockout of Syt4 or Syt7 is not sufficient to reduce STD DA release, the removal of both isoforms reduces this release by approximately 50%, leaving axonal release unimpaired. Our work unveils clear differences in the mechanisms of STD and axonal DA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Willemieke Kouwenhoven
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Nina Feller
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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19
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Xia X, Wang Y, Qin Y, Zhao S, Zheng JC. Exosome: A novel neurotransmission modulator or non-canonical neurotransmitter? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101558. [PMID: 34990846 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is the electrical impulse-triggered propagation of signals between neurons or between neurons and other cell types such as skeletal muscle cells. Recent studies point out the involvement of exosomes, a type of small bilipid layer-enclosed extracellular vesicles, in regulating neurotransmission. Through horizontally transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, exosomes can modulate synaptic activities rapidly by controlling neurotransmitter release or progressively by regulating neural plasticity including synapse formation, neurite growth & removal, and axon guidance & elongation. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences between exosomes and synaptic vesicles in their biogenesis, contents, and release. We also highlight the recent progress made in demonstrating the biological roles of exosome in regulating neurotransmission, and propose a modified model of neurotransmission, in which exosomes act as novel neurotransmitters. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the enlightenment of the current knowledge on neurotransmission to the future directions of exosome research.
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20
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HALARİS A, SİNGH J, CARTER CS, NAZARLOO H, HAGE B. The Complex Role of Oxytocin in Major Depressive Disorder. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.975706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Huang S, Zeng J, Sun R, Yu H, Zhang H, Su X, Yao P. Prenatal Progestin Exposure-Mediated Oxytocin Suppression Contributes to Social Deficits in Mouse Offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:840398. [PMID: 35370982 PMCID: PMC8964973 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.840398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that maternal hormone exposure is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The hormone oxytocin (OXT) is a central nervous neuropeptide that plays an important role in social behaviors as well as ASD etiology, although the detailed mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential role and contribution of OXT to prenatal progestin exposure-mediated mouse offspring. Our in vitro study in the hypothalamic neurons that isolated from paraventricular nuclei area of mice showed that transient progestin exposure causes persistent epigenetic changes on the OXT promoter, resulting in dissociation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORA) from the OXT promoter with subsequent persistent OXT suppression. Our in vivo study showed that prenatal exposure of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) triggers social deficits in mouse offspring; prenatal OXT deficiency in OXT knockdown mouse partly mimics, while postnatal ERβ expression or postnatal OXT peptide injection partly ameliorates, prenatal MPA exposure-mediated social deficits, which include impaired social interaction and social abilities. On the other hand, OXT had no effect on prenatal MPA exposure-mediated anxiety-like behaviors. We conclude that prenatal MPA exposure-mediated oxytocin suppression contributes to social deficits in mouse offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijun Huang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiaying Zeng
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Haimou Zhang
- State Key Lab of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Su, ; Paul Yao,
| | - Paul Yao
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Su, ; Paul Yao,
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22
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Li J, Long J, Zhang Q, Shen H, Guo AY, Ma Z, Zhang G. Hypothalamic long noncoding RNA AK044061 is involved in the development of dietary obesity in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2638-2647. [PMID: 34446844 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in various important biological processes, however, its role in energy balance and obesity remains largely unknown. METHODS Differentially expressed lncRNAs in the hypothalamus of diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice versus chow-fed mice were identified by RNA sequencing. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression and knockdown of a novel lncRNA, AK044061, were used to assess its role in energy balance and the development of DIO. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull down assays were carried out to analyze the interaction between lncRNA AK044061 and RelA, an NF-κB subunit. RESULTS LncRNA AK044061 was upregulated in the hypothalamus of DIO mice. Acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of glucose reduced the expression of lncRNA AK044061, whereas an overnight of fasting enhanced its expression. RNA in situ hybridization data showed that AK044061 was expressed in the neurons of the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of AK044061 in ARC cells, or in the neurons of the ARC nucleus led to an obesity-like phenotype and related metabolic disorders. Furthermore, knockdown of lncRNA AK044061 in Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons mitigated DIO and its related metabolic dysregulations. In mechanism, we showed that lncRNA AK044061 was associated with RelA and could enhance the NF-κB reporter activity. The effect of lncRNA AK044061 on energy balance is mediated by NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that excessive lncRNA AK044061 in the ARC nucleus leads to energy imbalance and obesity. LncRNA AK044061 expressed in the AgRP neurons is important in the development of dietary obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinlie Long
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyuan Shen
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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23
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Thakur P, Shrivastava R, Shrivastava VK. Effects of oxytocin and antagonist antidote atosiban on body weight and food intake of female mice, Mus musculus. Metabol Open 2021; 12:100146. [PMID: 34825159 PMCID: PMC8603196 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that oxytocin (OT) plays an important factor for the control of food intake, body weight, and energy metabolism in human and non-human animals. It has reported previously, the downregulation in oxytocin receptors (OTRs) expression is linked with the development of obesity, but exogenous OT reverse body weight and food intake in obese animal model. It is important to know that, whether intraperitoneal administration crosses blood brain barrier. Therefore, in the present experiment, we study the impact of intraperitoneal administration of synthetic OT 0.0116 mg/kg and antagonist atosiban (OTA) 1 mg/kg on food intake, and body weight of female mice, Mus musculus for different duration i.e. 30, 60, and 90 days. In this study, it was observed that there was significant decrease (p<0.001, one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]) in the body weight (BW), food intake, and gonadosmatic indices (GSI) after the intraperitoneal exposure of OT at dose 0.0116 mg/kg up to 90 days and inhibits via antagonist atosiban. These results indicates that intraperitoneal administration of OT can be used for treatment for longer duration without any side effects and maintains homeostasis in physiologic system regulates body weight and gonadal weight in female mice, which represent an important therapeutic tool for the obesity and metabolic disorder in female.
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Key Words
- AN, Arcuate Nucleus
- ANOVA, One-Way Analysis of Variance
- BBB, Blood Brain Barrier
- BW, Body Weight
- Body weight
- CNS, Central Nervous System
- Energy metabolism
- Food intake
- GI, Gastrointestinal
- GPCR, G-Protein Coupled Receptor
- GSI, Gonadosomatic Indices
- Gonadosomatic indices
- HPG, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
- I.P., Intraperitoneal
- ICV, Intracerebroventricular
- NTS, Nucleus Tractus Solitarius
- OT, Oxytocin
- OTA, Antagonist Atosiban
- OTRs, Oxytocin Receptors
- Oxytocin
- PCOS, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- PVN, Paraventricular Nuclei
- SEM, Standard Error of Mean
- SIM1, Single Minded 1 Gene
- SON, Supraoptic Nuclei
- VP, Vasopressin
- VTA, Ventral Tegmental Area
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Thakur
- Endocrinology Unit, Bioscience Department, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Renu Shrivastava
- Zoology Department, Sri Sathya Sai, College for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 262024, India
| | - Vinoy K Shrivastava
- Endocrinology Unit, Bioscience Department, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
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24
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Niu J, Tong J, Blevins JE. Oxytocin as an Anti-obesity Treatment. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:743546. [PMID: 34720864 PMCID: PMC8549820 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.743546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health concern, as it increases risk for heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cancer, COVID-19 related hospitalizations and mortality. However, current weight loss therapies are often associated with psychiatric or cardiovascular side effects or poor tolerability that limit their long-term use. The hypothalamic neuropeptide, oxytocin (OT), mediates a wide range of physiologic actions, which include reproductive behavior, formation of prosocial behaviors and control of body weight. We and others have shown that OT circumvents leptin resistance and elicits weight loss in diet-induced obese rodents and non-human primates by reducing both food intake and increasing energy expenditure (EE). Chronic intranasal OT also elicits promising effects on weight loss in obese humans. This review evaluates the potential use of OT as a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity in rodents, non-human primates, and humans, and identifies potential mechanisms that mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Niu
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jenny Tong
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James E Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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25
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Leng G, Leng RI. Oxytocin: A citation network analysis of 10 000 papers. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13014. [PMID: 34328668 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the oxytocin system has been built over the last 70 years by the work of hundreds of scientists, reported in thousands of papers. Here, we construct a map to that literature, using citation network analysis in conjunction with bibliometrics. The map identifies ten major 'clusters' of papers on oxytocin that differ in their particular research focus and that densely cite papers from the same cluster. We identify highly cited papers within each cluster and in each decade, not because citations are a good indicator of quality, but as a guide to recognising what questions were of wide interest at particular times. The clusters differ in their temporal profiles and bibliometric features; here, we attempt to understand the origins of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Leng
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rhodri I Leng
- Department of Science, Technology and Innovation Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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26
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Worth AA, Luckman SM. Do oxytocin neurones affect feeding? J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13035. [PMID: 34495565 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There has been a long history of research on the effects of oxytocin on feeding behaviour. The classic-held view is that the neurohormone is anorexigenic at least in rodents, although the data for humans are not so clear cut. Likewise, a physiological role for oxytocin is disputed. Thus, although pharmacological, anatomical and physiological data suggest oxytocin may have a function in satiety signalling, this view is not supported by the latest research using the genetic recording and manipulation of oxytocin neurones. Here, we avoid a discussion of the pharmacological effects of oxytocin and examine evidence, from both sides of the argument, concerning whether the endogenous oxytocin system has a role in the regulation of normal feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Worth
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon M Luckman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Anekonda VT, Thompson BW, Ho JM, Roberts ZS, Edwards MM, Nguyen HK, Dodson AD, Wolden-Hanson T, Chukri DW, Herbertson AJ, Graham JL, Havel PJ, Wietecha TA, O’Brien KD, Blevins JE. Hindbrain Administration of Oxytocin Reduces Food Intake, Weight Gain and Activates Catecholamine Neurons in the Hindbrain Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Rats. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5078. [PMID: 34768597 PMCID: PMC8584350 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing studies show that CNS oxytocin (OT) signaling is important in the control of energy balance, but it is unclear which neurons may contribute to these effects. Our goals were to examine (1) the dose-response effects of acute OT administration into the third (3V; forebrain) and fourth (4V; hindbrain) ventricles to assess sensitivity to OT in forebrain and hindbrain sites, (2) the extent to which chronic 4V administration of OT reduces weight gain associated with the progression of diet-induced obesity, and (3) whether nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) catecholamine neurons are downstream targets of 4V OT. Initially, we examined the dose-response effects of 3V and 4V OT (0.04, 0.2, 1, or 5 μg). 3V and 4V OT (5 μg) suppressed 0.5-h food intake by 71.7 ± 6.0% and 60 ± 12.9%, respectively. 4V OT (0.04, 0.2, 1 μg) reduced food intake by 30.9 ± 12.9, 42.1 ± 9.4, and 56.4 ± 9.0%, respectively, whereas 3V administration of OT (1 μg) was only effective at reducing 0.5-h food intake by 38.3 ± 10.9%. We subsequently found that chronic 4V OT infusion, as with chronic 3V infusion, reduced body weight gain (specific to fat mass) and tended to reduce plasma leptin in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats, in part, through a reduction in energy intake. Lastly, we determined that 4V OT increased the number of hindbrain caudal NTS Fos (+) neurons (156 ± 25) relative to vehicle (12 ± 3). The 4V OT also induced Fos in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; marker of catecholamine neurons) (+) neurons (25 ± 7%) relative to vehicle (0.8 ± 0.3%). Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that OT within the hindbrain is effective at reducing food intake, weight gain, and adiposity and that NTS catecholamine neurons in addition to non-catecholaminergic neurons are downstream targets of CNS OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanath T. Anekonda
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Benjamin W. Thompson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Ho
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Zachary S. Roberts
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Melise M. Edwards
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Ha K. Nguyen
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Andrew D. Dodson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Tami Wolden-Hanson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Daniel W. Chukri
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Adam J. Herbertson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.L.G.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.L.G.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Tomasz A. Wietecha
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Kevin D. O’Brien
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James E. Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
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28
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Chen Z, Pan S, Yin K, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Wang S, Yang S, Shen Q, Tang Y, Li J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Zhang G. Deficiency of ER Ca 2+ sensor STIM1 in AgRP neurons confers protection against dietary obesity. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109868. [PMID: 34686338 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is pivotal in maintaining intracellular Ca2+ level and cell function; however, its role in obesity development remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor for SOCE, is critically involved in obesity development. Pharmacological blockade of SOCE in the brain, or disruption of Stim1 in hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-producing neurons (ASKO), significantly ameliorates dietary obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Conversely, constitutive activation of Stim1 in AgRP neurons leads to an obesity-like phenotype. We show that the blockade of SOCE suppresses general translation in neuronal cells via the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3 (Oas3)-RNase L signaling. While Oas3 overexpression in AgRP neurons protects mice against dietary obesity, deactivation of RNase L in these neurons significantly abolishes the effect of ASKO. These findings highlight an important role of Stim1 and SOCE in the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Susu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kaili Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuejin Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoman Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhe Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yisheng Lu
- Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Elfers CT, Blevins JE, Lawson EA, Pittner R, Silva D, Kiselyov A, Roth CL. Robust Reductions of Body Weight and Food Intake by an Oxytocin Analog in Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:726411. [PMID: 34646154 PMCID: PMC8502973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxytocin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that participates in the network of appetite regulation. Recently the oxytocin signaling pathway has emerged as an attractive target for treating obesity. However, the short half-life limits its development as a clinical therapeutic. Here we provide results from testing a long-lasting, potent and selective oxytocin analog ASK1476 on its efficacy to reduce food intake and body weight in comparison to the native oxytocin peptide. Methods: ASK1476 features two specific amino acid substitutions in positions 7 and 8 combined with a short polyethylene glycol spacer. Short time dose escalation experiments testing increasing doses of 3 days each were performed in diet-induced overweight (DIO) male rats assessing effects on body weight as well as changes in food intake. Furthermore, DIO rats were tested for changes in body weight, food intake, temperature, and locomotor activity over 28 days of treatment (oxytocin, ASK1476, or vehicle). Results: In dose escalation experiments, significant reductions in food intake relative to baseline were detected beginning with doses of 15 nmol/kg ASK1476 (−15.2 ± 2.3 kcal/d, p = 0.0017) and 20 nmol/kg oxytocin (−11.2.9 ± 2.4 kcal/d, p = 0.0106) with corresponding significant changes in body weight (ASK1476: −5.2 ± 0.8 g, p = 0.0016; oxytocin: −2.6 ± 0.7 g, p = 0.0326). In long-term experiments, there was no difference on body weight change between 120 nmol/kg/d ASK1476 (−71.4 ± 34.2 g, p = 0.039) and 600 nmol/kg/d oxytocin (−91.8 ± 32.2 g, p = 0.035) relative to vehicle (706.9 ± 28.3 g), indicating a stronger dose response for ASK1476. Likewise, both ASK1476 and oxytocin at these doses resulted in similar reductions in 28-day cumulative food intake (ASK1476: −562.7 ± 115.0 kcal, p = 0.0001; oxytocin: −557.1 ± 101.3 kcal, p = 0.0001) relative to vehicle treatment (2716 ± 75.4 kcal), while no effects were detected on locomotor activity or body temperature. Conclusion: This study provides proof-of-concept data demonstrating an oxytocin analog with extended in vivo stability and improved potency to reduce food intake and body weight in DIO animals which could mark a new avenue in anti-obesity drug interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Elfers
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James E Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - David Silva
- OXT Therapeutics, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Christian L Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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30
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Oxytocin and Food Intake Control: Neural, Behavioral, and Signaling Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910859. [PMID: 34639199 PMCID: PMC8509519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin is produced in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition to its extensively studied influence on social behavior and reproductive function, central oxytocin signaling potently reduces food intake in both humans and animal models and has potential therapeutic use for obesity treatment. In this review, we highlight rodent model research that illuminates various neural, behavioral, and signaling mechanisms through which oxytocin’s anorexigenic effects occur. The research supports a framework through which oxytocin reduces food intake via amplification of within-meal physiological satiation signals rather than by altering between-meal interoceptive hunger and satiety states. We also emphasize the distributed neural sites of action for oxytocin’s effects on food intake and review evidence supporting the notion that central oxytocin is communicated throughout the brain, at least in part, through humoral-like volume transmission. Finally, we highlight mechanisms through which oxytocin interacts with various energy balance-associated neuropeptide and endocrine systems (e.g., agouti-related peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, leptin), as well as the behavioral mechanisms through which oxytocin inhibits food intake, including effects on nutrient-specific ingestion, meal size control, food reward-motivated responses, and competing motivations.
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31
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Pan S, Yin K, Tang Z, Wang S, Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhu H, Han Y, Liu M, Jiang M, Xu N, Zhang G. Stimulation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons suppresses colorectal cancer progression in mice. eLife 2021; 10:e67535. [PMID: 34528509 PMCID: PMC8536257 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the nervous system is involved in tumor development in the periphery, however, the role of the central nervous system remains largely unknown. Here, by combining genetic, chemogenetic, pharmacological, and electrophysiological approaches, we show that hypothalamic oxytocin (Oxt)-producing neurons modulate colitis-associated cancer (CAC) progression in mice. Depletion or activation of Oxt neurons could augment or suppress CAC progression. Importantly, brain treatment with celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, excites Oxt neurons and inhibits CAC progression, and this anti-tumor effect was significantly attenuated in Oxt neuron-lesioned mice. Furthermore, brain treatment with celastrol suppresses sympathetic neuronal activity in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (CG-SMG), and activation of β2 adrenergic receptor abolishes the anti-tumor effect of Oxt neuron activation or centrally administered celastrol. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that hypothalamic Oxt neurons regulate CAC progression by modulating the neuronal activity in the CG-SMG. Stimulation of Oxt neurons using chemicals, for example, celastrol, might be a novel strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical CollegeWuhanChina
- Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Kaili Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical CollegeWuhanChina
- Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shuren Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical CollegeWuhanChina
- Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yunyun Han
- Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical CollegeWuhanChina
- Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Edwards MM, Nguyen HK, Dodson AD, Herbertson AJ, Wietecha TA, Wolden-Hanson T, Graham JL, Honeycutt MK, Slattery JD, O’Brien KD, Havel PJ, Blevins JE. Effects of Combined Oxytocin and Beta-3 Receptor Agonist (CL 316243) Treatment on Body Weight and Adiposity in Male Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:725912. [PMID: 34566687 PMCID: PMC8457402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.725912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that oxytocin (OT) reduces body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents through reductions in energy intake and increases in energy expenditure. We recently demonstrated that hindbrain [fourth ventricular (4V)] administration of OT evokes weight loss and elevates interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature (T IBAT ) in DIO rats. What remains unclear is whether OT can be used as an adjunct with other drugs that directly target beta-3 receptors in IBAT to promote BAT thermogenesis and reduce body weight in DIO rats. We hypothesized that the combined treatment of OT and the beta-3 agonist, CL 316243, would produce an additive effect to decrease body weight and adiposity in DIO rats by reducing energy intake and increasing BAT thermogenesis. We assessed the effects of 4V infusions of OT (16 nmol/day) or vehicle (VEH) in combination with daily intraperitoneal injections of CL 316243 (0.5 mg/kg) or VEH on food intake, T IBAT , body weight and body composition. OT and CL 316243 alone reduced body weight by 7.8 ± 1.3% (P < 0.05) and 9.1 ± 2.1% (P < 0.05), respectively, but the combined treatment produced more pronounced weight loss (15.5 ± 1.2%; P < 0.05) than either treatment alone. These effects were associated with decreased adiposity, adipocyte size, energy intake and increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) content in epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) (P < 0.05). In addition, CL 316243 alone (P < 0.05) and in combination with OT (P < 0.05) elevated T IBAT and IBAT UCP-1 content and IBAT thermogenic gene expression. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the combined treatment of OT and the beta-3 agonist, CL 316243, produces an additive effect to decrease body weight. The findings from the current study suggest that the effects of the combined treatment on energy intake, fat mass, adipocyte size and browning of EWAT were not additive and appear to be driven, in part, by transient changes in energy intake in response to OT or CL 316243 alone as well as CL 316243-elicited reduction of fat mass and adipocyte size and induction of browning of EWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melise M. Edwards
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ha K. Nguyen
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrew D. Dodson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Adam J. Herbertson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tomasz A. Wietecha
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tami Wolden-Hanson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mackenzie K. Honeycutt
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jared D. Slattery
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kevin D. O’Brien
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - James E. Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Burmester V, Nicholls D, Buckle A, Stanojevic B, Crous-Bou M. Review of eating disorders and oxytocin receptor polymorphisms. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:85. [PMID: 34256847 PMCID: PMC8278600 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxytocin, a nine amino acid peptide synthesised in the hypothalamus, has been widely recognised for its role in anxiolysis, bonding, sociality, and appetite. It binds to the oxytocin receptor (OXTR)-a G-protein coupled receptor-that is stimulated by the actions of oestrogen both peripherally and centrally. Studies have implicated OXTR genotypes in conferring either a risk or protective effect in autism, schizophrenia, and eating disorders (ED). There are numerous DNA variations of this receptor, with the most common DNA variation being in the form of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two OXTR SNPs have been most studied in relation to ED: rs53576 and rs2254298. Each SNP has the same allelic variant that produces genotypes AA, AG, and GG. In this critical review we will evaluate the putative role of rs53576 and rs2254298 SNPs in ED. Additionally, this narrative review will consider the role of gene-environment interactions in the development of ED pathology. FINDINGS The OXTR SNPs rs53576 and rs2254298 show independent associations between the A allele and restrictive eating behaviours. Conversely, the G allele of the OXTR rs53576 SNP is associated with binging behaviours, findings that were also evident in neuroanatomy. One study found the A allele of both OXTR SNPs to confer risk for more severe ED symptomatology while the G allele conferred some protective effect. An interaction between poor maternal care and rs2254298 AG/AA genotype conferred increased risk for binge eating and purging in women. CONCLUSIONS Individual OXTR SNP are unlikely in themselves to explain complex eating disorders but may affect the expression of and/or effectiveness of the OXTR. A growing body of G x E work is indicating that rs53576G homozygosity becomes disadvantageous for later mental health under early adverse conditions but further research to extend these findings to eating pathology is needed. The GWAS approach would benefit this area of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Burmester
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes, The Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes, The Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexis Buckle
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes, The Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Boban Stanojevic
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Rayne Institute, 111 Coldharbour Ln, London, SE5 9RR, UK.,Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL). L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Tokui T, Kawakita T, Yanagihara R, Kamada S, Minato S, Takeda A, Imaizumi J, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida K, Kato T, Irahara M, Iwasa T. Effects of gonadal status and the estrogen milieu on hypothalamic oxytocin gene expression and serum oxytocin levels in female rats. Horm Behav 2021; 133:105005. [PMID: 34116458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) and its receptor (OTR) play various roles in the central and peripheral regulation of appetite and body weight. Previously, we have shown that the administration of OT markedly decreased appetite and body weight gain in ovariectomized (OVX) obese rats. In addition, recent studies have shown that the endogenous OT system is also affected by endogenous or exogenous estrogen. In this study, we showed that ovariectomy decreased rats' hypothalamic OT/OTR mRNA and serum OT levels, but did not affect their visceral fat OTR mRNA levels. The chronic administration of estradiol (E2) abrogated these ovariectomy-induced changes; i.e., it increased the rats' hypothalamic OT/OTR mRNA and serum OT levels, and may be associated with reductions in food intake and body weight gain. In addition, acute E2 administration increased the rats' hypothalamic OTR mRNA and serum OT levels, but did not affect their hypothalamic OT mRNA levels. Taken together, these results suggest that endogenous OT and/or OTR expression might be positively regulated by E2 and that the suppressive effects of E2 on appetite and body weight gain might be mediated, at least in part, by the OT system. Thus, we consider that OT might be a target hormone to pursue subsequent interventions of menopause for menopause-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Tokui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Rie Yanagihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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35
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van Westen R, Poppinga J, Díez Arazola R, Toonen RF, Verhage M. Neuromodulator release in neurons requires two functionally redundant calcium sensors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2012137118. [PMID: 33903230 PMCID: PMC8106342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012137118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors secreted from dense core vesicles (DCVs) control many brain functions, but the calcium sensors that trigger their secretion remain unknown. Here, we show that in mouse hippocampal neurons, DCV fusion is strongly and equally reduced in synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1)- or Syt7-deficient neurons, but combined Syt1/Syt7 deficiency did not reduce fusion further. Cross-rescue, expression of Syt1 in Syt7-deficient neurons, or vice versa, completely restored fusion. Hence, both sensors are rate limiting, operating in a single pathway. Overexpression of either sensor in wild-type neurons confirmed this and increased fusion. Syt1 traveled with DCVs and was present on fusing DCVs, but Syt7 supported fusion largely from other locations. Finally, the duration of single DCV fusion events was reduced in Syt1-deficient but not Syt7-deficient neurons. In conclusion, two functionally redundant calcium sensors drive neuromodulator secretion in an expression-dependent manner. In addition, Syt1 has a unique role in regulating fusion pore duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhodé van Westen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josse Poppinga
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rocío Díez Arazola
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud F Toonen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Hong SM, Ko JK, Moon JJ, Kim YR. Oxytocin: A Potential Therapeutic for Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:115-123. [PMID: 33820878 PMCID: PMC8277591 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide involved in the homeostasis of food consumption and energy; it affects hedonic eating. Studies in obese or binge-eating patients reported the hypophagic effect of oxytocin, which reduced caloric intake after administration. Several studies have demonstrated the effect of oxytocin’s increasing energy intake, decreasing food consumption, and contributing to weight loss. Oxytocin’s effects on food intake and metabolism suggest its therapeutic potential for treating obesity and binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyung Ko
- Institute of Eating Disorders and Mental Health, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Youl-Ri Kim
- Institute of Eating Disorders and Mental Health, Inje University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
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37
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Edwards MM, Nguyen HK, Herbertson AJ, Dodson AD, Wietecha T, Wolden-Hanson T, Graham JL, O'Brien KD, Havel PJ, Blevins JE. Chronic hindbrain administration of oxytocin elicits weight loss in male diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R471-R487. [PMID: 33470901 PMCID: PMC8238148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00294.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that oxytocin (OT) administration reduces body weight in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) rodents through both reductions in food intake and increases in energy expenditure. We recently demonstrated that chronic hindbrain [fourth ventricular (4V)] infusions of OT evoke weight loss in DIO rats. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that chronic 4V OT would elicit weight loss in DIO mice. We assessed the effects of 4V infusions of OT (16 nmol/day) or vehicle over 28 days on body weight, food intake, and body composition. OT reduced body weight by approximately 4.5% ± 1.4% in DIO mice relative to OT pretreatment body weight (P < 0.05). These effects were associated with reduced adiposity and adipocyte size [inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT)] (P < 0.05) and attributed, in part, to reduced energy intake (P < 0.05) at a dose that did not increase kaolin intake (P = NS). OT tended to increase uncoupling protein-1 expression in IWAT (0.05 < P < 0.1) suggesting that OT stimulates browning of WAT. To assess OT-elicited changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, we examined the effects of 4V OT on interscapular BAT temperature (TIBAT). 4V OT (1 µg) elevated TIBAT at 0.75 (P = 0.08), 1, and 1.25 h (P < 0.05) postinjection; a higher dose (5 µg) elevated TIBAT at 0.75-, 1-, 1.25-, 1.5-, 1.75- (P < 0.05), and 2-h (0.05 < P < 0.1) postinjection. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that chronic hindbrain OT treatment evokes sustained weight loss in DIO mice by reducing energy intake and increasing BAT thermogenesis at a dose that is not associated with evidence of visceral illness.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Brown/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Brown/pathology
- Adipocytes, White/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/administration & dosage
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eating/drug effects
- Energy Intake/drug effects
- Infusions, Intraventricular
- Leptin/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Oxytocin/administration & dosage
- Rhombencephalon/drug effects
- Rhombencephalon/physiopathology
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
- Weight Loss/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Melise M Edwards
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ha K Nguyen
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam J Herbertson
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrew D Dodson
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tami Wolden-Hanson
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - James E Blevins
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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38
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Li S, Kim Y, Chen JDZ, Madhoun MF. Intestinal Electrical Stimulation Alters Hypothalamic Expression of Oxytocin and Orexin and Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. Obes Surg 2021; 31:1664-1672. [PMID: 33392995 PMCID: PMC10433780 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) has been proposed as a potential treatment for obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the central mechanism underlying the reduction of food intake and body weight by IES by studying the expression of anorexigenic- and orexigenic-peptide-containing neurons in the hypothalamus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diet-induced obese (DIO) rats were divided into three groups to receive sham, IES, and pair-feeding for 4 weeks. Food intake was measured automatically and presented as daily and body weight measured weekly. The expressions of oxytocin, an anorexigenic neuropeptide, in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SON) and orexin-A, an orexigenic neuropeptide, in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) were studied using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with sham, IES reduced daily food intake by 28.3% at week 1, 35.6% at week 2, 15.6% at week 3, and 27.1% at week 4. Consistently, IES reduced body weight by 6.3%, compared with a weight gain of 7.2% in sham, and a slight weight loss of 0.5% in pair-feeding. Compared with sham, IES increased the expression of oxytocin-immunoreactive neurons in PVN and SON. Compared with sham, IES decreased the expression of orexin-immunoreactive neurons in LHA. Rats with pair-feeding also showed a relative decease in weight without any changes in the central hormones. CONCLUSION IES reduces food intake and body weight and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in DIO rats. Its central mechanisms involve enhancement of anorexigenic peptides and suppression of orexigenic peptides in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Li
- Veterans Research Education Foundation, Oklahoma City Veterans Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yeram Kim
- Veterans Research Education Foundation, Oklahoma City Veterans Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohammad F Madhoun
- Veterans Research Education Foundation, Oklahoma City Veterans Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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39
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Function of Drosophila Synaptotagmins in membrane trafficking at synapses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4335-4364. [PMID: 33619613 PMCID: PMC8164606 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Synaptotagmin (SYT) family of proteins play key roles in regulating membrane trafficking at neuronal synapses. Using both Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent interactions, several SYT isoforms participate in synchronous and asynchronous fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) while preventing spontaneous release that occurs in the absence of stimulation. Changes in the function or abundance of the SYT1 and SYT7 isoforms alter the number and route by which SVs fuse at nerve terminals. Several SYT family members also regulate trafficking of other subcellular organelles at synapses, including dense core vesicles (DCV), exosomes, and postsynaptic vesicles. Although SYTs are linked to trafficking of multiple classes of synaptic membrane compartments, how and when they interact with lipids, the SNARE machinery and other release effectors are still being elucidated. Given mutations in the SYT family cause disorders in both the central and peripheral nervous system in humans, ongoing efforts are defining how these proteins regulate vesicle trafficking within distinct neuronal compartments. Here, we review the Drosophila SYT family and examine their role in synaptic communication. Studies in this invertebrate model have revealed key similarities and several differences with the predicted activity of their mammalian counterparts. In addition, we highlight the remaining areas of uncertainty in the field and describe outstanding questions on how the SYT family regulates membrane trafficking at nerve terminals.
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40
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Sur A, Meyer NP. Resolving Transcriptional States and Predicting Lineages in the Annelid Capitella teleta Using Single-Cell RNAseq. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.618007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution and diversification of cell types has contributed to animal evolution. However, gene regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fate acquisition during development remains largely uncharacterized in spiralians. Here we use a whole-organism, single-cell transcriptomic approach to map larval cell types in the annelid Capitella teleta at 24- and 48-h post gastrulation (stages 4 and 5). We identified eight unique cell clusters (undifferentiated precursors, ectoderm, muscle, ciliary-band, gut, neurons, neurosecretory cells, and protonephridia), thus helping to identify uncharacterized molecular signatures such as previously unknown neurosecretory cell markers in C. teleta. Analysis of coregulatory programs in individual clusters revealed gene interactions that can be used for comparisons of cell types across taxa. We examined the neural and neurosecretory clusters more deeply and characterized a differentiation trajectory starting from dividing precursors to neurons using Monocle3 and velocyto. Pseudotime analysis along this trajectory identified temporally-distinct cell states undergoing progressive gene expression changes over time. Our data revealed two potentially distinct neural differentiation trajectories including an early trajectory for brain neurosecretory cells. This work provides a valuable resource for future functional investigations to better understanding neurogenesis and the transitions from neural precursors to neurons in an annelid.
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41
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Lewis EM, Stein-O'Brien GL, Patino AV, Nardou R, Grossman CD, Brown M, Bangamwabo B, Ndiaye N, Giovinazzo D, Dardani I, Jiang C, Goff LA, Dölen G. Parallel Social Information Processing Circuits Are Differentially Impacted in Autism. Neuron 2020; 108:659-675.e6. [PMID: 33113347 PMCID: PMC8033501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parallel processing circuits are thought to dramatically expand the network capabilities of the nervous system. Magnocellular and parvocellular oxytocin neurons have been proposed to subserve two parallel streams of social information processing, which allow a single molecule to encode a diverse array of ethologically distinct behaviors. Here we provide the first comprehensive characterization of magnocellular and parvocellular oxytocin neurons in male mice, validated across anatomical, projection target, electrophysiological, and transcriptional criteria. We next use novel multiple feature selection tools in Fmr1-KO mice to provide direct evidence that normal functioning of the parvocellular but not magnocellular oxytocin pathway is required for autism-relevant social reward behavior. Finally, we demonstrate that autism risk genes are enriched in parvocellular compared with magnocellular oxytocin neurons. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that oxytocin-pathway-specific pathogenic mechanisms account for social impairments across a broad range of autism etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eastman M Lewis
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Wendy Klag Institute for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Genevieve L Stein-O'Brien
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alejandra V Patino
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Wendy Klag Institute for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Romain Nardou
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Wendy Klag Institute for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cooper D Grossman
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Brown
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bidii Bangamwabo
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ndeye Ndiaye
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel Giovinazzo
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ian Dardani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Connie Jiang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Loyal A Goff
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Gül Dölen
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Wendy Klag Institute for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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42
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Lee J, Moon H, Lee H, Oh Y, Kim C, Lee YH, Kim MS, NamKoong C, Lee HW, Kim JH, Choi HJ. Antagonistic interaction between central glucagon-like Peptide-1 and oxytocin on diet-induced obesity mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05190. [PMID: 33088957 PMCID: PMC7557924 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), whose agonists are widely prescribed, is a peptide proven effective in reducing obesity. Similarly, oxytocin (OXT) is a peptide known to increase satiety and help reduce body weight. In the present study, we aimed to examine the metabolic effects of co-administration of GLP-1 and OXT in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice to elucidate their functions and interactions in the central nervous system. To this end, 40 DIO mice were subjected to stereotaxic surgery for the installation of an osmotic minipump and intracerebroventricular administration of GLP-1, OXT, or both. Initially, it was anticipated that co-administration of these anorexigenic peptides would be as effective as, if not more than, either GLP-1 or OXT alone in providing metabolic benefits to the obese mice. Interestingly, co-administration of OXT and GLP-1 offset the reductions in body weight and food intake promoted by either peptide alone. Co-administration also negated the decrease in fat and increase in lean mass produced by either peptide alone. Moreover, co-administration showed an equivalent calorimetric benefit as either peptide alone. Therefore, these results suggest antagonistic, rather than synergistic or additive, effects of centrally administered GLP-1 and OXT that attenuate the metabolic benefits of either peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Lee
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Moon
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkyeong Oh
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeon Kim
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherl NamKoong
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Lee
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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43
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Narmaki E, Borazjani M, Ataie-Jafari A, Hariri N, Doost AH, Qorbani M, Saidpour A. The combined effects of probiotics and restricted calorie diet on the anthropometric indices, eating behavior, and hormone levels of obese women with food addiction : a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:963-975. [PMID: 33054635 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1826763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Food addiction (FA) is an important contributor to obesity. Alterations in gut microbiota (GM) diversity and composition have also been proposed to play a pivotal role in obesity pathogenesis. This trial aimed to assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on the anthropometric indices, eating behavior, and hormone levels of obese women with FA. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among obese women with FA. Participants (n = 62) received a restricted calorie diet (RCD) plus either probiotic, or placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, eating behavior and appetite were assessed during the study period. RESULTS Probiotics administration significantly reduced weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BFP), and trunk fat percentage (TFP) compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). Also, a significant improvement was observed in eating behavior in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001).Serum levels of oxytocin increased and NPY decreased significantly in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.02, p = 0.002, respectively). Moreover, leptin level significantly decreased in the probiotic group compared to the baseline values (p < 0.001), while probiotics did not cause a greater significant reduction in leptin level, compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION Multi-probiotic supplementation may have beneficial effects on anthropometric indices, eating behavior, and some appetite-regulating hormones in obese women with FA.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20131228015968N5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Narmaki
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Borazjani
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Asal Ataie-Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hariri
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmat Doost
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Wald HS, Chandra A, Kalluri A, Ong ZY, Hayes MR, Grill HJ. NTS and VTA oxytocin reduces food motivation and food seeking. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R673-R683. [PMID: 33026822 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00201.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide whose central receptor-mediated actions include reducing food intake. One mechanism of its behavioral action is the amplification of the feeding inhibitory effects of gastrointestinal (GI) satiation signals processed by hindbrain neurons. OT treatment also reduces carbohydrate intake in humans and rodents, and correspondingly, deficits in central OT receptor (OT-R) signaling increase sucrose self-administration. This suggests that additional processes contribute to central OT effects on feeding. This study investigated the hypothesis that central OT reduces food intake by decreasing food seeking and food motivation. As central OT-Rs are expressed widely, a related focus was to assess the role of one or more OT-R-expressing nuclei in food motivation and food-seeking behavior. OT was delivered to the lateral ventricle (LV), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), or ventral tegmental area (VTA), and a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of operant reinforcement and an operant reinstatement paradigm were used to measure motivated feeding behavior and food-seeking behavior, respectively. OT delivered to the LV, NTS, or VTA reduced 1) motivation to work for food and 2) reinstatement of food-seeking behavior. Results provide a novel and additional interpretation for central OT-driven food intake inhibition to include the reduction of food motivation and food seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie S Wald
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ananya Chandra
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anita Kalluri
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhi Yi Ong
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvey J Grill
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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45
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Zhao F, Zhang T, Shen Q, Yin K, Wang Y, Zhang G. Tak1 in the astrocytes of mediobasal hypothalamus regulates anxiety-like behavior in mice. Glia 2020; 69:609-618. [PMID: 32979244 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, and avoidance of perceived threats in internal to oneself or the environment, however, the underlying mechanisms are less well understood. Here, we show that transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (Tak1) expressed in the astrocytes of mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) plays a crucial role in anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our data demonstrate that deficiency of Tak1 in astrocytes increased anxiety level, but did not impact locomotor activity in mice. Astrocytic activation of Tak1 in the MBH mitigated the anxiety-like behavior, whereas suppression of Tak1 in MBH astrocytes promoted the anxiety-like behavior in mice. Collectively, these data suggest that Tak1 expressed in the MBH astrocytes could modulate the anxiety-like behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kaili Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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46
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Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:863. [PMID: 32982666 PMCID: PMC7483585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, BDNF, TrkB, etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene–environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenómica, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Yael Efren Díaz-López
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Yuan J, Zhang R, Wu R, Gu Y, Lu Y. The effects of oxytocin to rectify metabolic dysfunction in obese mice are associated with increased thermogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 514:110903. [PMID: 32531419 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin, a protein hormone mainly produced by hypothalamus, has been shown to repress body weight gain in obese animals, in part, by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. Till now, activation of brown fat tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning are considered as two main factors for oxytocin-induced energy expenditure. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not understood well. Here, we observed that oxytocin expression in the hypothalamus and its receptor in adipose tissues were induced by cold exposure in mice. In differentiated adipocytes, oxytocin stimulated brown adipocyte specific gene expression by inducing PRDM16. In high fat diet induced obese mice, oxytocin delivery by osmotic minipumps increased body core temperature and decreased body weight gain. Glucose and insulin tolerance were improved by oxytocin. Hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver were ameliorated in oxytocin-treated animals. Moreover, oxytocin treatment induced thermogenic gene expressions in BAT, inguinal WAT (iWAT), and skeletal muscle. Taken together, our findings revealed a new aspect of oxytocin, i.e. oxytocin induces iWAT browning and stimulates thermogenesis in BAT, iWAT and skeletal muscle, through which oxytocin promotes thermogenesis and thus combats obesity and metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Runze Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Yunjuan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
| | - Yibing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China.
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Hypothalamic extended synaptotagmin-3 contributes to the development of dietary obesity and related metabolic disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20149-20158. [PMID: 32747560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004392117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The C2 domain containing protein extended synaptotagmin (E-Syt) plays important roles in both lipid homeostasis and the intracellular signaling; however, its role in physiology remains largely unknown. Here, we show that hypothalamic E-Syt3 plays a critical role in diet-induced obesity (DIO). E-Syt3 is characteristically expressed in the hypothalamic nuclei. Whole-body or proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron-specific ablation of E-Syt3 ameliorated DIO and related comorbidities, including glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. Conversely, overexpression of E-Syt3 in the arcuate nucleus moderately promoted food intake and impaired energy expenditure, leading to increased weight gain. Mechanistically, E-Syt3 ablation led to increased processing of POMC to α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), increased activities of protein kinase C and activator protein-1, and enhanced expression of prohormone convertases. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for hypothalamic E-Syt3 in DIO and related metabolic disorders.
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49
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The New Frontier in Oxytocin Physiology: The Oxytonic Contraction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145144. [PMID: 32708109 PMCID: PMC7404128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (Oxt) is a nine amino acid peptide important in energy regulation and is essential to stress-related disorders. Specifically, low Oxt levels are associated with obesity in human subjects and diet-induced or genetically modified animal models. The striking evidence that Oxt is linked to energy regulation is that Oxt- and oxytocin receptor (Oxtr)-deficient mice show a phenotype characterized by late onset obesity. Oxt-/- or Oxtr-/- develop weight gain without increasing food intake, suggesting that a lack of Oxt reduce metabolic rate. Oxt is differentially expressed in skeletal muscle exerting a protective effect toward the slow-twitch muscle after cold stress challenge in mice. We hypothesized that Oxt potentiates the slow-twitch muscle as it does with the uterus, triggering "the oxytonic contractions". Physiologically, this is important to augment muscle strength in fight/flight response and is consistent with the augmented energetic need at time of labor and for the protection of the offspring when Oxt secretion spikes. The normophagic obesity of Oxt-/- or Oxtr-/- mice could have been caused by decreased skeletal muscle tonicity which drove the metabolic phenotype. In this review, we summarized our findings together with the recent literature on this fascinating subjects in a "new oxytonic perspective" over the physicology of Oxt.
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Yaseen A, Shrivastava K, Zuri Z, Hatoum OA, Maroun M. Prefrontal Oxytocin is Involved in Impairments in Prefrontal Plasticity and Social Memory Following Acute Exposure to High Fat Diet in Juvenile Animals. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1900-1909. [PMID: 29608644 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenility represents a critical developmental phase during which exposure to a high fat diet (HFD) can severely modify cognitive and emotional functioning. The purpose of this study was to address how short and acute exposure to a HFD during juvenility affects social memory recognition and prefrontal long-term potentiation (LTP). As LTP and social memory depend on the neuromodulator oxytocin (OXY) and due to its role in metabolism, we also examined the effects of OXY in mediating HFD-induced alterations in social memory and LTP. Our results show that short exposure to a HFD during juvenility impairs social preference memory and prefrontal LTP. Interestingly, whereas systemic injections of OXY reversed the impairments in HFD-fed animals and impaired LTP and memory in control animals; prefrontal injections of the OXY agonist TGOT reversed the effects in HFD animals without affecting control animals. Exposure to HFD was associated with a reduction in the levels of OXY in the prefrontal compared to control animals. Interestingly, the restoration of social memory by TGOT in HFD animals was also associated with normalization of OXY in the prefrontal. These results point to a role that prefrontal OXY has in mediating the effects of HFD on memory and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Yaseen
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kuldeep Shrivastava
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zohar Zuri
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ossama A Hatoum
- Department of Surgery B-HaEmek Medical Center in Afula and Faculty of Medicine, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mouna Maroun
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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