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Bansal Y, Codeluppi SA, Banasr M. Astroglial Dysfunctions in Mood Disorders and Rodent Stress Models: Consequences on Behavior and Potential as Treatment Target. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6357. [PMID: 38928062 PMCID: PMC11204179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte dysfunctions have been consistently observed in patients affected with depression and other psychiatric illnesses. Although over the years our understanding of these changes, their origin, and their consequences on behavior and neuronal function has deepened, many aspects of the role of astroglial dysfunction in major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remain unknown. In this review, we summarize the known astroglial dysfunctions associated with MDD and PTSD, highlight the impact of chronic stress on specific astroglial functions, and how astroglial dysfunctions are implicated in the expression of depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, focusing on behavioral consequences of astroglial manipulation on emotion-related and fear-learning behaviors. We also offer a glance at potential astroglial functions that can be targeted for potential antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bansal
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sierra A. Codeluppi
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2J 4A6, Canada
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2
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Neuroprotective astroglial response to neural damage and its relevance to affective disorders. EXPLORATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE THERAPY 2023; 3:328-345. [PMID: 37920189 PMCID: PMC10622120 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes not only support neuronal function with essential roles in synaptic neurotransmission, action potential propagation, metabolic support, or neuroplastic and developmental adaptations. They also respond to damage or dysfunction in surrounding neurons and oligodendrocytes by releasing neurotrophic factors and other molecules that increase the survival of the supported cells or contribute to mechanisms of structural and molecular restoration. The neuroprotective responsiveness of astrocytes is based on their ability to sense signals of degeneration, metabolic jeopardy and structural damage, and on their aptitude to locally deliver specific molecules to remedy threats to the molecular and structural features of their cellular partners. To the extent that neuronal and other glial cell disturbances are known to occur in affective disorders, astrocyte responsiveness to those disturbances may help to better understand the roles astrocytes play in affective disorders. The astrocytic sensing apparatus supporting those responses involves receptors for neurotransmitters, purines, cell adhesion molecules and growth factors. Astrocytes also share with the immune system the capacity of responding to cytokines released upon neuronal damage. In addition, in responses to specific signals astrocytes release unique factors such as clusterin or humanin that have been shown to exert potent neuroprotective effects. Astrocytes integrate the signals above to further deliver structural lipids, removing toxic metabolites, stabilizing the osmotic environment, normalizing neurotransmitters, providing anti-oxidant protection, facilitating synaptogenesis and acting as barriers to contain varied deleterious signals, some of which have been described in brain regions relevant to affective disorders and related animal models. Since various of the injurious signals that activate astrocytes have been implicated in different aspects of the etiopathology of affective disorders, particularly in relation to the diagnosis of depression, potentiating the corresponding astrocyte neuroprotective responses may provide additional opportunities to improve or complement available pharmacological and behavioral therapies for affective disorders.
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Pańczyszyn-Trzewik P, Czechowska E, Stachowicz K, Sowa-Kućma M. The Importance of α-Klotho in Depression and Cognitive Impairment and Its Connection to Glutamate Neurotransmission-An Up-to-Date Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15268. [PMID: 37894946 PMCID: PMC10607524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious neuropsychiatric disease affecting an increasing number of people worldwide. Cognitive deficits (including inattention, poor memory, and decision-making difficulties) are common in the clinical picture of depression. Cognitive impairment has been hypothesized to be one of the most important components of major depressive disorder (MDD; referred to as clinical depression), although typical cognitive symptoms are less frequent in people with depression than in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD; sometimes referred to as manic-depressive disorder). The importance of α-Klotho in the aging process has been well-documented. Growing evidence points to the role of α-Klotho in regulating other biological functions, including responses to oxidative stress and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. It has been proven that a Klotho deficit may contribute to the development of various nervous system pathologies, such as behavioral disorders or neurodegeneration. Given the growing evidence of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment, it is assumed that this protein may be a molecular link between them. Here, we provide a research review of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we propose potential mechanisms (related to oxidative stress and glutamatergic transmission) that may be important in α-Klotho-mediated regulation of mental and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Pańczyszyn-Trzewik
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Ewelina Czechowska
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna Street 1A, 35-595 Rzeszow, Poland
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Wang S, Liu Y, Wu Z, Jin Y, Zhang T, Yang Z, Liu C. Inhibition of xCT by sulfasalazine alleviates the depression-like behavior of adult male mice subjected to maternal separation stress. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114559. [PMID: 37392785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) can induce emotional disorders. Our previous study reported that MS resulted in depression-like behavior. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of xCT in depression-like behavior in adult mice subjected to MS stress. Pups were divided into the control group, the control + sulfasalazine (SSZ, 75 mg/kg/day, i.p.) group, the MS group, and the MS+SSZ group. After MS, all pups were raised until PD60. Then, the depression-like behavior was detected by the novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) test, the forced swimming test (FST), and the tail suspension test (TST). The synaptic plasticity was examined by electrophysiological recordings and molecular biotechnology. The data showed that, compared with the control group, the mice in the MS group presented depression-like behavior, impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP), a reduction in the number of astrocytes, and activation of the microglia. Moreover, the expression of xCT was increased in the prefrontal cortex of MS mice, the EAAT2 and the Group Ⅱ metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) were decreased, and the level of pro-inflammatory factors was increased in the prefrontal cortex. After the administration with SSZ, the depression-like behavior and the impairment of LTP were alleviated, the number of astrocytes was increased, and the microglial activation was inhibited. Moreover, the levels of EAAT2 and mGluR2/3 were ameliorated, the over-activation of the microglia was mitigated, and the levels of glutamate and pro-inflammatory factors were decreased. In conclusion, the inhibition of xCT by SSZ could alleviate depression-like behavior partly via modulating the homeostasis of the glutamate system and dampening neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zekang Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuwen Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Wang C, Gong B, Liu Y, Chen D, Wu Y, Wei J. Agarwood essential oil inhalation exerts antianxiety and antidepressant effects via the regulation of Glu/GABA system homeostasis. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:16. [PMID: 36776581 PMCID: PMC9892967 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common diseases that endanger the physical and mental health of individuals. Agarwood incense inhalation has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for relaxation and to improve sleep for centuries. In a previous study by the authors it was demonstrated that agarwood essential oil (AEO) injection exerted anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Therefore the present study further investigated the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of AEO inhalation on anxiolytic mice induced by M-chlorophenylpiperazine and depressive mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. The results demonstrated that AEO exerted a significant anxiolytic effect, whereby autonomous movements were inhibited during the light dark exploration test and open field test. Furthermore, the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test demonstrated that AEO also exerted an antidepressant effect, whereby the immobility times were decreased. Moreover, AEO was determined to increase the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABAA) and glutamate (Glu) in anxiolytic mice and inhibit the levels of GABAA and Glu in depressive mice. Further investigations into how AEO affected the Glu/GABA system demonstrated that AEO markedly increased the protein expression levels of GABA transaminase (GABAT), glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 (GRM5), glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 (GluR1) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1). Furthermore, AEO reduced the expression levels of GABAT, glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B and GRM5, and enhanced the expression levels of GluR1 and VGluT1. These results demonstrated that AEO potentially possesses antianxiety and antidepressant properties. The present study determined that the mechanism was related to the regulation of Glu/GABA neurotransmitter system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhong Wang
- Hainan Branch of The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, Maoming 525099, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Canhong Wang or Professor Jianhe Wei, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 4 Yaogu 4th Road, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Bao Gong
- Hainan Branch of The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Hainan Branch of The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Deli Chen
- Hainan Branch of The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Wu
- Hainan Branch of The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Hainan Branch of The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Canhong Wang or Professor Jianhe Wei, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 4 Yaogu 4th Road, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
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Kruyer A, Kalivas PW, Scofield MD. Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:21-36. [PMID: 35577914 PMCID: PMC9700696 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, the field of neuroscience has evolved toward recognizing the critical role of astroglia in shaping neuronal synaptic activity and along with the pre- and postsynapse is now considered an equal partner in tripartite synaptic transmission and plasticity. The relative youth of this recognition and a corresponding deficit in reagents and technologies for quantifying and manipulating astroglia relative to neurons continues to hamper advances in understanding tripartite synaptic physiology. Nonetheless, substantial advances have been made and are reviewed herein. We review the role of astroglia in synaptic function and regulation of behavior with an eye on how tripartite synapses figure into brain pathologies underlying behavioral impairments in psychiatric disorders, both from the perspective of measures in postmortem human brains and more subtle influences on tripartite synaptic regulation of behavior in animal models of psychiatric symptoms. Our goal is to provide the reader a well-referenced state-of-the-art understanding of current knowledge and predict what we may discover with deeper investigation of tripartite synapses using reagents and technologies not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Michael D Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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7
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Liu X, Tang SS, Liu SM, Zeng J, Chen ZG, Liu CH, Mu RH, Yuan DH, Zhao JJ, Hong H, Wang H. Deficiency of astrocyte CysLT1R ameliorates depression-like behaviors in mice by modulating glutamate synaptic transmission. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Crunfli F, Carregari VC, Veras FP, Silva LS, Nogueira MH, Antunes ASLM, Vendramini PH, Valença AGF, Brandão-Teles C, Zuccoli GDS, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Silva-Costa LC, Saia-Cereda VM, Smith BJ, Codo AC, de Souza GF, Muraro SP, Parise PL, Toledo-Teixeira DA, Santos de Castro ÍM, Melo BM, Almeida GM, Firmino EMS, Paiva IM, Silva BMS, Guimarães RM, Mendes ND, Ludwig RL, Ruiz GP, Knittel TL, Davanzo GG, Gerhardt JA, Rodrigues PB, Forato J, Amorim MR, Brunetti NS, Martini MC, Benatti MN, Batah SS, Siyuan L, João RB, Aventurato ÍK, Rabelo de Brito M, Mendes MJ, da Costa BA, Alvim MKM, da Silva Júnior JR, Damião LL, de Sousa IMP, da Rocha ED, Gonçalves SM, Lopes da Silva LH, Bettini V, Campos BM, Ludwig G, Tavares LA, Pontelli MC, Viana RMM, Martins RB, Vieira AS, Alves-Filho JC, Arruda E, Podolsky-Gondim GG, Santos MV, Neder L, Damasio A, Rehen S, Vinolo MAR, Munhoz CD, Louzada-Junior P, Oliveira RD, Cunha FQ, Nakaya HI, Mauad T, Duarte-Neto AN, Ferraz da Silva LF, Dolhnikoff M, Saldiva PHN, Farias AS, Cendes F, Moraes-Vieira PMM, Fabro AT, Sebollela A, Proença-Modena JL, Yasuda CL, Mori MA, Cunha TM, Martins-de-Souza D. Morphological, cellular, and molecular basis of brain infection in COVID-19 patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200960119 1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although increasing evidence confirms neuropsychiatric manifestations associated mainly with severe COVID-19 infection, long-term neuropsychiatric dysfunction (recently characterized as part of “long COVID-19” syndrome) has been frequently observed after mild infection. We show the spectrum of cerebral impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, ranging from long-term alterations in mildly infected individuals (orbitofrontal cortical atrophy, neurocognitive impairment, excessive fatigue and anxiety symptoms) to severe acute damage confirmed in brain tissue samples extracted from the orbitofrontal region (via endonasal transethmoidal access) from individuals who died of COVID-19. In an independent cohort of 26 individuals who died of COVID-19, we used histopathological signs of brain damage as a guide for possible SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and found that among the 5 individuals who exhibited those signs, all of them had genetic material of the virus in the brain. Brain tissue samples from these five patients also exhibited foci of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, particularly in astrocytes. Supporting the hypothesis of astrocyte infection, neural stem cell–derived human astrocytes in vitro are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through a noncanonical mechanism that involves spike–NRP1 interaction. SARS-CoV-2–infected astrocytes manifested changes in energy metabolism and in key proteins and metabolites used to fuel neurons, as well as in the biogenesis of neurotransmitters. Moreover, human astrocyte infection elicits a secretory phenotype that reduces neuronal viability. Our data support the model in which SARS-CoV-2 reaches the brain, infects astrocytes, and consequently, leads to neuronal death or dysfunction. These deregulated processes could contribute to the structural and functional alterations seen in the brains of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Crunfli
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Victor C. Carregari
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Flavio P. Veras
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Mateus Henrique Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Henrique Vendramini
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Brandão-Teles
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Giuliana da Silva Zuccoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Reis-de-Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Lícia C. Silva-Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Verônica Monteiro Saia-Cereda
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Bradley J. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Ana Campos Codo
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie P. Muraro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Pierina Lorencini Parise
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Toledo-Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Marcel Melo
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M. Almeida
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | | | - Isadora Marques Paiva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Mano Guimarães
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Niele D. Mendes
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Raíssa L. Ludwig
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P. Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Thiago L. Knittel
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G. Davanzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Aline Gerhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Brito Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Julia Forato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Mariene Ribeiro Amorim
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Natália S. Brunetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Matheus Cavalheiro Martini
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Maíra Nilson Benatti
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina S. Batah
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Li Siyuan
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Rafael B. João
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Ítalo K. Aventurato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rabelo de Brito
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Maria J. Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A. da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Marina K. M. Alvim
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - José Roberto da Silva Júnior
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Lívia L. Damião
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Iêda Maria P. de Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Elessandra D. da Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Solange M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Luiz H. Lopes da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Brunno M. Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ludwig
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alves Tavares
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ronaldo B. Martins
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Andre Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | | | - Eurico Arruda
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Volpon Santos
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neder
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - André Damasio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Stevens Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, 04502001, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941590, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Renê Donizeti Oliveira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Mauad
- University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-220, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro S. Farias
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel M. Moraes-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Alexandre T. Fabro
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - José L. Proença-Modena
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L. Yasuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083862, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, 04502001, Brazil
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9
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Abstract
Although increasing evidence confirms neuropsychiatric manifestations associated mainly with severe COVID-19 infection, long-term neuropsychiatric dysfunction (recently characterized as part of "long COVID-19" syndrome) has been frequently observed after mild infection. We show the spectrum of cerebral impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, ranging from long-term alterations in mildly infected individuals (orbitofrontal cortical atrophy, neurocognitive impairment, excessive fatigue and anxiety symptoms) to severe acute damage confirmed in brain tissue samples extracted from the orbitofrontal region (via endonasal transethmoidal access) from individuals who died of COVID-19. In an independent cohort of 26 individuals who died of COVID-19, we used histopathological signs of brain damage as a guide for possible SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and found that among the 5 individuals who exhibited those signs, all of them had genetic material of the virus in the brain. Brain tissue samples from these five patients also exhibited foci of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, particularly in astrocytes. Supporting the hypothesis of astrocyte infection, neural stem cell-derived human astrocytes in vitro are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through a noncanonical mechanism that involves spike-NRP1 interaction. SARS-CoV-2-infected astrocytes manifested changes in energy metabolism and in key proteins and metabolites used to fuel neurons, as well as in the biogenesis of neurotransmitters. Moreover, human astrocyte infection elicits a secretory phenotype that reduces neuronal viability. Our data support the model in which SARS-CoV-2 reaches the brain, infects astrocytes, and consequently, leads to neuronal death or dysfunction. These deregulated processes could contribute to the structural and functional alterations seen in the brains of COVID-19 patients.
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Avalos MP, Guzman AS, Garcia-Keller C, Mongi-Bragato B, Esparza MA, Rigoni D, Sanchez MA, Calfa GD, Bollati FA, Cancela LM. Impairment of glutamate homeostasis in the nucleus accumbens core underpins cross-sensitization to cocaine following chronic restraint stress. Front Physiol 2022; 13:896268. [PMID: 36091376 PMCID: PMC9462460 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.896268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the facilitating influence of stress on drug abuse is well documented, the mechanisms underlying this interaction have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study explores the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the sensitized response to the psychomotor-stimulating effects of cocaine following chronic restraint stress (CRS), emphasizing the differential contribution of both subcompartments of the nucleus accumbens (NA), the core (NAcore) and shell (NAshell), to this phenomenon. Adult male Wistar rats were restrained for 2 h/day for 7 days and, 2 weeks after the last stress exposure (day 21), all animals were randomly assigned to behavioral, biochemical or neurochemical tests. Our results demonstrated that the enduring CRS-induced increase in psychostimulant response to cocaine was paralleled by an increase of extracellular dopamine levels in the NAcore, but not the NAshell, greater than that observed in the non-stress group. Furthermore, we found that CRS induced an impairment of glutamate homeostasis in the NAcore, but not the NAshell. Its hallmarks were increased basal extracellular glutamate concentrations driven by a CRS-induced downregulation of GLT-1, blunted glutamate levels in response to cocaine and postsynaptic structural remodeling in pre-stressed animals. In addition, ceftriaxone, a known GLT-1 enhancer, prevented the CRS-induced GLT-1 downregulation, increased basal extracellular glutamate concentrations and changes in structural plasticity in the NAcore as well as behavioral cross-sensitization to cocaine, emphasizing the biological importance of GLT-1 in the comorbidity between chronic stress exposure and drug abuse. A future perspective concerning the paramount relevance of the stress-induced disruption of glutamate homeostasis as a vulnerability factor to the development of stress and substance use disorders during early life or adulthood of descendants is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Flavia A. Bollati
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana M. Cancela
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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11
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Hanson BA, Visvabharathy L, Ali ST, Kang AK, Patel TR, Clark JR, Lim PH, Orban ZS, Hwang SS, Mattoon D, Batra A, Liotta EM, Koralnik IJ. Plasma Biomarkers of Neuropathogenesis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 and Those With Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/3/e1151. [PMID: 35256481 PMCID: PMC8901169 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although patients hospitalized with COVID-19 frequently present with encephalopathy, those with mild initial COVID-19 disease who never required hospitalization also often develop neurologic symptoms as part of postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (neuro-PASC). The pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 encephalopathy and neuro-PASC are unknown. We sought to establish biochemical evidence of CNS injury in those patients and their association with neuropsychiatric manifestations and SARS-CoV-2 antigenemia. METHODS We recruited hospitalized, posthospitalized, and nonhospitalized patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with neurologic symptoms in addition to healthy control (HC) subjects. Plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL), plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (pGFAP), and plasma SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid antigen (pN Ag) were measured by HD-X Simoa analyzer (Quanterix) and compared with neuropsychiatric symptoms, patient-reported quality-of-life measures, and standardized cognitive assessments. Neuroglial scores (pGFAP/pNfL) were calculated to estimate the relative contribution of astroglial and neuronal involvement. RESULTS We enrolled a total of 64 study participants, including 9 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 encephalopathy (CE), 9 posthospitalization neuro-PASC (PNP) patients, 38 nonhospitalized neuro-PASC (NNP) patients, and 8 HC subjects. Patients with CE were older, had higher pNfL and pGFAP concentrations, and more frequent pN Ag detection than all neuro-PASC groups. PNP and NNP patients exhibited similar PASC symptoms, decreased quality-of-life measures, and cognitive dysfunction, and 1 of the 38 (2.6%) NNP patients had pN Ag detectable 3 weeks postsymptoms onset. Patients with neuro-PASC presenting with anxiety/depression had higher neuroglial scores, which were correlated with increased anxiety on quality-of-life measures. DISCUSSION pNfL, pGFAP, and pN Ag measurements indicate neuronal dysfunction and systemic involvement in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 N Ag in blood 3 weeks after symptoms onset in a nonhospitalized patient suggests that prolonged antigenic stimulation, or possibly latent infection, may occur. Anxiety was associated with evidence of astroglial activation in patients with neuro-PASC. These data shed new light on SARS-Cov-2 neuropathogenesis and demonstrate the value of plasma biomarkers across the COVID-19 disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Hanson
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Lavanya Visvabharathy
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Sareen T Ali
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Anthony K Kang
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Tulsi R Patel
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Jeffrey R Clark
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Patrick H Lim
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Zachary S Orban
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Soyoon S Hwang
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Dawn Mattoon
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Ayush Batra
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Eric M Liotta
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Igor J Koralnik
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA.
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12
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Astroglia in the Vulnerability to and Maintenance of Stress-Mediated Neuropathology and Depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:869779. [PMID: 35530179 PMCID: PMC9074831 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.869779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant stress exposure and psychiatric depression are associated with morphological, biochemical, and physiological disturbances of astrocytes in specific brain regions relevant to the pathophysiology of those disorders, suggesting that astrocytes are involved in the mechanisms underlying the vulnerability to or maintenance of stress-related neuropathology and depression. To understand those mechanisms a variety of studies have probed the effect of various modalities of stress exposure on the metabolism, gene expression and plasticity of astrocytes. These studies have uncovered the participation of various cellular pathways, such as those for intracellular calcium regulation, neuroimmune responses, extracellular ionic regulation, gap junctions-based cellular communication, and regulation of neurotransmitter and gliotransmitter release and uptake. More recently epigenetic modifications resulting from exposure to chronic forms of stress or to early life adversity have been suggested to affect not only neuronal mechanisms but also gene expression and physiology of astrocytes and other glial cells. However, much remains to be learned to understand the specific role of those and other modifications in the astroglial contribution to the vulnerability to and maintenance of stress-related disorders and depression, and for leveraging that knowledge to achieve more effective psychiatric therapies.
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13
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Avalos MP, Guzman AS, Rigoni D, Gorostiza EA, Sanchez MA, Mongi-Bragato B, Garcia-Keller C, Perassi EM, Virgolini MB, Peralta Ramos JM, Iribarren P, Calfa GD, Bollati FA, Cancela LM. Minocycline prevents chronic restraint stress-induced vulnerability to developing cocaine self-administration and associated glutamatergic mechanisms: a potential role of microglia. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:359-376. [PMID: 35065197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful experience-induced cocaine-related behaviors are associated with a significant impairment of glutamatergic mechanisms in the Nucleus Accumbens core (NAcore). The hallmarks of disrupted glutamate homeostasis following restraint stress are the enduring imbalance of glutamate efflux after a cocaine stimulus and increased basal concentrations of extracellular glutamate attributed to GLT-1 downregulation in the NAcore. Glutamate transmission is tightly linked to microglia functioning. However, the role of microglia in the biological basis of stress-induced addictive behaviors is still unknown. By using minocycline, a potent inhibitor of microglia activation with anti-inflammatory properties, we determined whether microglia could aid chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced glutamate homeostasis disruption in the NAcore, underpinning stress-induced cocaine self-administration. In this study, adult male rats were restrained for 2 h/day for seven days (day 1-7). From day 16 until completing the experimental protocol, animals received a vehicle or minocycline treatment (30 mg/Kg/12h i.p.). On day 21, animals were assigned to microscopic, biochemical, neurochemical or behavioral studies. We confirm that the CRS-induced facilitation of cocaine self-administration is associated with enduring GLT-1 downregulation, an increase of basal extracellular glutamate and postsynaptic structural plasticity in the NAcore. These alterations were strongly related to the CRS-induced reactive microglia and increased TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, since by administering minocycline, the impaired glutamate homeostasis and the facilitation of cocaine self-administration were prevented. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that minocycline suppresses the CRS-induced facilitation of cocaine self-administration and glutamate homeostasis disruption in the NAcore. A role of microglia is proposed for the development of glutamatergic mechanisms underpinning stress-induced vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Avalos
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Susana Guzman
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daiana Rigoni
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Axel Gorostiza
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marianela Adela Sanchez
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bethania Mongi-Bragato
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Garcia-Keller
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Marcelo Perassi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam Beatriz Virgolini
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier María Peralta Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Iribarren
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón Diego Calfa
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Flavia Andrea Bollati
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Liliana Marina Cancela
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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14
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Yeni Y, Cakir Z, Hacimuftuoglu A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Okkay U, Genc S, Yildirim S, Saglam YS, Calina D, Tsatsakis A, Docea AO. A Selective Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist, JNJ7777120, Role on Glutamate Transporter Activity in Chronic Depression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020246. [PMID: 35207733 PMCID: PMC8880293 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate release and reuptake play a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. glutamatergic nerves in the hippocampus region are modulated by histaminergic afferents. Excessive accumulation of glutamate in the synaptic area causes degeneration of neuron cells. The H4 receptor is defined as the main immune system histamine receptor with a pro-inflammatory role. To understand the role of this receptor, the drug JNJ7777120 was used to reveal the chronic depression-glutamate relationship. We have important findings showing that the H4 antagonist increases the glutamate transporters’ instantaneous activity. In our experiment, it has been shown that blocking the H4 receptor leads to increased neuron cell viability and improvement in behavioral ability due to glutamate. Therefore, JNJ can be used to prevent neurotoxicity, inhibit membrane phospholipase activation and free radical formation, and minimize membrane disruption. In line with our findings, results have been obtained that indicate that JNJ will contribute to the effective prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Zeynep Cakir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ufuk Okkay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Sidika Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Yavuz Selim Saglam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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15
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High-fat diet induces depression-like phenotype via astrocyte-mediated hyperactivation of ventral hippocampal glutamatergic afferents to the nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4372-4384. [PMID: 36180573 PMCID: PMC9734059 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidity exists between metabolic disorders and depressive syndrome with unclear mechanisms. To characterize the causal relationship, we adopted a 12-week high-fat diet (HFD) to induce metabolic disorder and depressive phenotypes in mice. Initially, we identified an enhanced glutamatergic input in the nucleus accumbens of HFD mice. Retrograde tracing and chemogenetic inhibition showed that the hyperactive ventral hippocampal glutamatergic afferents to the nucleus accumbens determined the exhibition of depression-like behavior in HFD mice. Using lentiviral knockdown and overexpression approaches, we proved that HFD-induced downregulation of glial glutamate transporters, GLAST and GLT-1, contributed to the observed circuit maladaptations and subsequent depression-like behaviors. Finally, we identified a potential therapeutic agent, riluzole, which could mitigate the HFD-induced behavioral deficits by normalizing the expressions of GLAST and GLT-1 and ventral hippocampal glutamatergic afferents to the nucleus accumbens. Overall, astrocyte-mediated disturbance in glutamatergic transmission underlies the metabolic disorder-related depressive syndrome and represents a therapeutic target for this subtype of depressive mood disorders.
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Naveed M, Li LD, Sheng G, Du ZW, Zhou YP, Nan S, Zhu MY, Zhang J, Zhou QG. Agomelatine: An astounding sui-generis antidepressant? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:943-961. [PMID: 34886787 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666211209142546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the foremost causes of disability and premature death worldwide. Although the available antidepressants are effective and well tolerated, they also have many limitations. Therapeutic advances in developing a new drug's ultimate relation between MDD and chronobiology, which targets the circadian rhythm, have led to a renewed focus on psychiatric disorders. In order to provide a critical analysis about antidepressant properties of agomelatine, a detailed PubMed (Medline), Scopus (Embase), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and PsycInfo search was performed using the following keywords: melatonin analog, agomelatine, safety, efficacy, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, circadian rhythm, sleep disorders, neuroplasticity, MDD, bipolar disorder, anhedonia, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and mood disorders. Agomelatine is a unique melatonin analog with antidepressant properties and a large therapeutic index that improves clinical safety. It is a melatonin receptor agonist (MT1 and MT2) and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. The effects on melatonin receptors enable the resynchronization of irregular circadian rhythms with beneficial effects on sleep architectures. In this way, agomelatine is accredited for its unique mode of action, which helps to exert antidepressant effects and resynchronize the sleep-wake cycle. To sum up, an agomelatine has not only antidepressant properties but also has anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Lian-Di Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Gang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Zi-Wei Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Sun Nan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Ming-Yi Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
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Stachowicz K, Bobula B, Kusek M, Lenda T, Tokarski K. Evidence for the interaction of COX-2 with mGluR5 in the regulation of EAAT1 and EAAT3 protein levels in the mouse hippocampus. The influence of oxidative stress mechanisms. Brain Res 2021; 1771:147660. [PMID: 34529964 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since we found that inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with concomitant application of a metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonist (MTEP) down-regulates mGluR7 in the hippocampus (HC) and changes behavior of mice, our team decided to investigate the mechanism responsible for the observed changes. The amino acid glutamate (Glu) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Glu uptake is regulated by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT). There are five transporters with documented expression in neurons and glia in the central nervous system (CNS). EAATs, maintain the correct transmission of the Glu signal and prevent its toxic accumulation by removing Glu from the synapse. It has been documented that the toxic level of Glu is one of the main causes of mental and cognitive abnormalities. Given the above mechanisms involved in the functioning of the Glu synapse, we hypothesized modification of Glu uptake, involving EAATs as the cause of the observed changes. This study investigated the level of selected EAATs in the HC after chronic treatment with mGluR5 antagonist MTEP, NS398, and their combination using Western blot. Concomitant MTEP treatment with NS398 or a single administration of the above causes changes in LTP and modulation of EAAT levels in mouse HC. As EAATs are cellular markers of oxidative stress mechanisms, the E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was performed. The modified Barnes maze test (MBM) revealed alterations in the mouse spatial learning abilities. This study reports an interaction between the mGluR5 and COX-2 in the HC, with EAAT1 and EAAT3 involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Bobula
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusek
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lenda
- Department of Neuro- and Psychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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18
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Cross-fostering alleviates depression-like behavior mediated by EAAT2 and SNARE complex in prenatal stress offspring rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 210:173269. [PMID: 34487773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that prenatal stress (PS) can potentially contribute to depression-like behavior in offspring and that this effect may be moderated by cross-fostering. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect remains to be determined. This study aimed to determine the effect of cross-fostering on the expression of EAAT2 and the SNARE complex in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of PS offspring rats and to demonstrate functional effects on depression-like behavior. The impacts of cross-fostering were functionally assessed using the sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swimming test (FST) and the elevated plus maze (EPM). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine changes in the expression of EAAT2 and SNAREs mRNA in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of offspring rats. PS offspring rats showed significantly decreased sucrose preference and prolonged immobility time, while cross-fostering effectively increased sucrose preference and shorten the time of immobility. The expression of EAAT2 mRNA in PS offspring rats was markedly reduced, whilst the core mRNA expression of the SNARE complex increased. Our results provide strong evidence demonstrating that cross-fostering can alleviate depression-like behavior and regulate the abnormal expression levels of EAAT2 mRNA and SNARE complex in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of PS offspring rats. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the pathogenesis of PS-induced depression and may help to inform the future development of novel treatment approaches.
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Abramova O, Zorkina Y, Syunyakov T, Zubkov E, Ushakova V, Silantyev A, Soloveva K, Gurina O, Majouga A, Morozova A, Chekhonin V. Brain Metabolic Profile after Intranasal vs. Intraperitoneal Clomipramine Treatment in Rats with Ultrasound Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179598. [PMID: 34502505 PMCID: PMC8431753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular mechanisms of depression remain unclear. The brain metabolome after antidepressant therapy is poorly understood and had not been performed for different routes of drug administration before the present study. Rats were exposed to chronic ultrasound stress and treated with intranasal and intraperitoneal clomipramine. We then analyzed 28 metabolites in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. METHODS Rats' behavior was identified in such tests: social interaction, sucrose preference, forced swim, and Morris water maze. Metabolic analysis was performed with liquid chromatography. RESULTS After ultrasound stress pronounced depressive-like behavior, clomipramine had an equally antidepressant effect after intranasal and intraperitoneal administration on behavior. Ultrasound stress contributed to changes of the metabolomic pathways associated with pathophysiology of depression. Clomipramine affected global metabolome in frontal cortex and hippocampus in a different way that depended on the route of administration. Intranasal route was associated with more significant changes of metabolites composition in the frontal cortex compared to the control and ultrasound groups while the intraperitoneal route corresponded with more profound changes in hippocampal metabolome compared to other groups. Since far metabolic processes in the brain can change in many ways depending on different routes of administration, the antidepressant therapy should also be evaluated from this point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Abramova
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.Z.); (V.U.); (A.S.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Yana Zorkina
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.Z.); (V.U.); (A.S.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-916-588-4851
| | - Timur Syunyakov
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (K.S.)
- Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Zubkov
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.Z.); (V.U.); (A.S.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Valeria Ushakova
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.Z.); (V.U.); (A.S.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Artemiy Silantyev
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.Z.); (V.U.); (A.S.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Kristina Soloveva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Olga Gurina
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.Z.); (V.U.); (A.S.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Alexander Majouga
- Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna Morozova
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.Z.); (V.U.); (A.S.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.Z.); (V.U.); (A.S.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Nikitina VA, Zakharova MV, Trofimov AN, Schwarz AP, Beznin GV, Tsikunov SG, Zubareva OE. Neonatal Exposure to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Affects Behavior and Expression of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Hippocampus of Adult Rats after Psychogenic Trauma. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:761-772. [PMID: 34225597 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
According to the two-hit hypothesis of psychoneuropathology formation, infectious diseases and other pathological conditions occurring during the critical periods of early ontogenesis disrupt normal brain development and increase its susceptibility to stress experienced in adolescence and adulthood. It is believed that these disorders are associated with changes in the functional activity of the glutamatergic system in the hippocampus. Here, we studied expression of NMDA (GluN1, GluN2a, GluN2b) and AMPA (GluA1, GluA2) glutamate receptor subunits, as well as glutamate transporter EAAT2, in the ventral and dorsal regions of the hippocampus of rats injected with LPS during the third postnatal week and then subjected to predator stress (contact with a python) in adulthood. The tests were performed 25 days after the stress. It was found that stress altered protein expression in the ventral, but not in the dorsal hippocampus. Non-stressed LPS-treated rats displayed lower levels of the GluN2b protein in the ventral hippocampus vs. control animals. Stress significantly increased the content of GluN2b in the LPS-treated rats, but not in the control animals. Stress also affected differently the exploratory behavior of LPS-injected and control rats. Compared to the non-stressed animals, stressed control rats demonstrated a higher locomotor activity during the 1st min of the open field test, while the stressed LPS-injected rats displayed lower locomotor activity than the non-stressed rats. In addition, LPS-treated stressed and non-stressed rats spent more time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and demonstrated reduced blood levels of corticosterone. To summarize the results of our study, exposure to bacterial LPS in the early postnatal ontogenesis affects the pattern of stress-induced changes in the behavior and hippocampal expression of genes coding for ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits after psychogenic trauma suffered in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria V Zakharova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | | | - Alexander P Schwarz
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Gleb V Beznin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Sergei G Tsikunov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Olga E Zubareva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
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21
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Floriou-Servou A, von Ziegler L, Waag R, Schläppi C, Germain PL, Bohacek J. The Acute Stress Response in the Multiomic Era. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:1116-1126. [PMID: 33722387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studying the stress response is a major pillar of neuroscience research not only because stress is a daily reality but also because the exquisitely fine-tuned bodily changes triggered by stress are a neuroendocrinological marvel. While the genome-wide changes induced by chronic stress have been extensively studied, we know surprisingly little about the complex molecular cascades triggered by acute stressors, the building blocks of chronic stress. The acute stress (or fight-or-flight) response mobilizes organismal energy resources to meet situational demands. However, successful stress coping also requires the efficient termination of the stress response. Maladaptive coping-particularly in response to severe or repeated stressors-can lead to allostatic (over)load, causing wear and tear on tissues, exhaustion, and disease. We propose that deep molecular profiling of the changes triggered by acute stressors could provide molecular correlates for allostatic load and predict healthy or maladaptive stress responses. We present a theoretical framework to interpret multiomic data in light of energy homeostasis and activity-dependent gene regulation, and we review the signaling cascades and molecular changes rapidly induced by acute stress in different cell types in the brain. In addition, we review and reanalyze recent data from multiomic screens conducted mainly in the rodent hippocampus and amygdala after acute psychophysical stressors. We identify challenges surrounding experimental design and data analysis, and we highlight promising new research directions to better understand the stress response on a multiomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Floriou-Servou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas von Ziegler
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Waag
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christa Schläppi
- Computational Neurogenomics, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Computational Neurogenomics, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Statistical Bioinformatics, Department for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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22
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Rodríguez-Campuzano AG, Ortega A. Glutamate transporters: Critical components of glutamatergic transmission. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108602. [PMID: 33991564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. Once released, it binds to specific membrane receptors and transporters activating a wide variety of signal transduction cascades, as well as its removal from the synaptic cleft in order to avoid its extracellular accumulation and the overstimulation of extra-synaptic receptors that might result in neuronal death through a process known as excitotoxicity. Although neurodegenerative diseases are heterogenous in clinical phenotypes and genetic etiologies, a fundamental mechanism involved in neuronal degeneration is excitotoxicity. Glutamate homeostasis is critical for brain physiology and Glutamate transporters are key players in maintaining low extracellular Glutamate levels. Therefore, the characterization of Glutamate transporters has been an active area of glutamatergic research for the last 40 years. Transporter activity its regulated at different levels: transcriptional and translational control, transporter protein trafficking and membrane mobility, and through extensive post-translational modifications. The elucidation of these mechanisms has emerged as an important piece to shape our current understanding of glutamate actions in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada G Rodríguez-Campuzano
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07000, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07000, Mexico.
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23
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Misquitta KA, Miles A, Prevot TD, Knoch JK, Fee C, Newton DF, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, Sibille E, Nikolova YS, Banasr M. Reduced anterior cingulate cortex volume induced by chronic stress correlates with increased behavioral emotionality and decreased synaptic puncta density. Neuropharmacology 2021; 190:108562. [PMID: 33864799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies report that chronic stress induces behavioral deficits as well as volumetric and synaptic alterations in corticolimbic brain regions including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala (AMY), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus (HPC). Here, we aimed to investigate the volumetric changes associated with chronic restraint stress (CRS) and link these changes to the CRS-induced behavioral and synaptic deficits. We first confirmed that CRS increases behavioral emotionality, defined as collective scoring of anxiety- and anhedonia-like behaviors. We then demonstrated that CRS induced a reduction of total brain volume which negatively correlated with behavioral emotionality. Region-specific analysis identified that only the ACC showed significant decrease in volume following CRS (p < 0.05). Reduced ACC correlated with increased behavioral emotionality (r = -0.56; p = 0.0003). Although not significantly altered by CRS, AMY and NAc (but not the HPC) volumes were negatively correlated with behavioral emotionality. Finally, using structural covariance network analysis to assess shared volumetric variances between the corticolimbic brain regions and associated structures, we found a progressive decreased ACC degree and increased AMY degree following CRS. At the cellular level, reduced ACC volume correlated with decreased PSD95 (but not VGLUT1) puncta density (r = 0.35, p < 0.05), which also correlated with increased behavioral emotionality (r = -0.44, p < 0.01), suggesting that altered synaptic strength is an underlying substrate of CRS volumetric and behavioral effects. Our results demonstrate that CRS effects on ACC volume and synaptic density are linked to behavioral emotionality and highlight key ACC structural and morphological alterations relevant to stress-related illnesses including mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Misquitta
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amy Miles
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas D Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jaime K Knoch
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Corey Fee
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dwight F Newton
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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24
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Photobiomodulation Therapy Ameliorates Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Mice with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6678276. [PMID: 33859781 PMCID: PMC8024102 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that dysfunction of the glutamatergic neurotransmission has been widely involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been demonstrated to regulate neuronal function both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we aim to investigate whether the antidepressant phenotype of PBMT is associated with the improvement of glutamatergic dysfunction and to explore the mechanisms involved. Results showed that PBMT decreased extracellular glutamate levels via upregulation of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and rescued astrocyte loss in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which also alleviated dendritic atrophy and upregulated the expression of AMPA receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, ultimately exhibiting behaviorally significant antidepressant effects in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Notably, PBMT also obtained similar antidepressant effects in a depressive mouse model subcutaneously injected with corticosterone (CORT). Evidence from in vitro mechanistic experiments demonstrated that PBMT treatment significantly increased both the GLT-1 mRNA and protein levels via the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. NF-κB-regulated transcription was in an Akt-dependent manner, while inhibition of Akt attenuated the DNA-binding efficiency of NF-κB to the GLT-1 promoter. Importantly, in vitro, we further found that PKA activation was responsible for phosphorylation and surface levels of AMPA receptors induced by PBMT, which is likely to rescue excitatory synaptic transmission. Taken together, our research suggests that PBMT as a feasible therapeutic approach has great potential value to control the progression of depression.
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25
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Charvériat M, Guiard BP. Serotonergic neurons in the treatment of mood disorders: The dialogue with astrocytes. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 259:197-228. [PMID: 33541677 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes were traditionally regarded as cells important to neuronal activity, providing both metabolic and structural supports. Recent evidence suggests that they may also play a crucial role in the control of higher brain functions. In keeping with this hypothesis, it is now well accepted that astrocytes contribute to stress but also react to antidepressant drugs as they express serotonergic transporters and receptors. However, the downstream mechanisms leading to the fine-tuned regulation of mood are still unknown. This chapter pays attention to the role of astrocytes in the regulation of emotional behavior and related serotonergic neurotransmission. In particular, it gives a current state of the clinical and preclinical evidence showing that astrocytes respond to environmental conditions and antidepressant drugs through the release of gliotransmitters and neurotrophic factors which in turn, influence serotonergic tone in discrete brain areas. This state-of-the-art review aims at demonstrating the remarkable potential for novel therapeutic antidepressant strategies targeting these glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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26
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Portal B, Guiard BP. [Role of astrocytic connexins in the regulation of extracellular glutamate levels: implication for the treatment of major depressive episodes]. Biol Aujourdhui 2020; 214:71-83. [PMID: 33357364 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a psychiatric disorder relying on different neurobiological mechanisms. In particular, a hypersensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to an excess of cortisol in blood and a deficit in monoaminergic neurotransmission have been associated with mood disorders. In keeping with these mechanisms, currently available antidepressant drugs act by increasing the extracellular levels of monoamines in the synaptic cleft. Since the discovery of the rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects of ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, a growing attention in psychiatry is paid to the pharmacological tools able to attenuate glutamatergic neurotransmission. Astrocytes play an important role in the excitatory/inhibitory balance of the central nervous system through the regulation of glutamate reuptake and secretion. Interestingly, the release of this excitatory amino acid is controlled, at least in part, by plasma membrane proteins (i.e. connexins) that cluster together to form gap junctions or hemichannels. Preclinical evidence suggests that these functional entities play a critical role in emotional behaviour. After a brief overview of the literature on mood disorders and related treatments, this review describes the role of astrocytes and connexins in glutamatergic neurotransmission and major depression. Moreover, we highlight the arguments supporting the therapeutic potential of connexins blockers but also the practical difficulties to target the hemichannels while maintaining gap junctions intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Portal
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Bacterial Metabolites of Human Gut Microbiota Correlating with Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239234. [PMID: 33287416 PMCID: PMC7730936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a global threat to mental health that affects around 264 million people worldwide. Despite the considerable evolution in our understanding of the pathophysiology of depression, no reliable biomarkers that have contributed to objective diagnoses and clinical therapy currently exist. The discovery of the microbiota-gut-brain axis induced scientists to study the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of depression. Over the last decade, many of studies were conducted in this field. The productions of metabolites and compounds with neuroactive and immunomodulatory properties among mechanisms such as the mediating effects of the GM on the brain, have been identified. This comprehensive review was focused on low molecular weight compounds implicated in depression as potential products of the GM. The other possible mechanisms of GM involvement in depression were presented, as well as changes in the composition of the microbiota of patients with depression. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential of functional foods and psychobiotics in relieving depression were considered. The described biomarkers associated with GM could potentially enhance the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in clinical practice and represent a potential future diagnostic tool based on metagenomic technologies for assessing the development of depressive disorders.
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Kang M, Noh J, Chung JM. NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression in the lateral habenula: implications in physiology and depression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17921. [PMID: 33087756 PMCID: PMC7578045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally increased neuronal activity in the lateral habenula (LHb) is closely associated with depressive-like behavior. Despite the emphasis on the pathological importance of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD) and the involvement of calcium permeable AMPA receptor (CP-AMPAR) as major Ca2+ source, the functions of NMDAR and CP-AMPAR on LTD modulation in the LHb still have not been fully investigated. Here, we found that NMDAR-dependent LTD by low frequency stimulation was induced in both synaptic and extrasynaptic regions in the LHb. In addition, CP-AMPAR was necessary for the activation of NMDAR in the induction phase of NMDAR-dependent LTD. The acute stress, which induced depressive behavior, had a blocked effect on synaptic NMDAR-dependent LTD but left extrasynaptic NMDAR-dependent LTD intact. These findings show that NMDAR-dependent LTD in LHb plays an important role in regulating neuronal activity, which is probable to be excessively increased by repeated stress, via maintaining homeostasis in both synaptic and extrasynaptic regions of the LHb. Moreover, NMDAR and CP-AMPAR may serve as a depression-related modulator and be regarded as a promising therapeutic target for treatment of psychopathology such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Kang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Brain Disease Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Emotion, cognition & behavior research group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Noh
- Department of Science Education, College of Education, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Mo Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Brain Disease Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HB, Yoo JY, Yoo SY, Suh SW, Lee S, Park JH, Lee JH, Baik TK, Kim HS, Woo RS. Early-life stress induces EAAC1 expression reduction and attention-deficit and depressive behaviors in adolescent rats. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:73. [PMID: 32818073 PMCID: PMC7415155 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal maternal separation (NMS), as an early-life stress (ELS), is a risk factor to develop emotional disorders. However, the exact mechanisms remain to be defined. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in developing emotional disorders caused by NMS. First, we confirmed that NMS provoked impulsive behavior, orienting and nonselective attention-deficit, abnormal grooming, and depressive-like behaviors in adolescence. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is an excitatory amino acid transporter expressed specifically by neurons and is the route for the neuronal uptake of glutamate/aspartate/cysteine. Compared with that in the normal control group, EAAC1 expression was remarkably reduced in the ventral hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the NMS group. Additionally, EAAC1 expression was reduced in parvalbumin-positive hippocampal GABAergic neurons in the NMS group. We also found that EAAC1-knockout (EAAC1-/-) mice exhibited impulsive-like, nonselective attention-deficit, and depressive-like behaviors compared with WT mice in adolescence, characteristics similar to those of the NMS behavior phenotype. Taken together, our results revealed that ELS induced a reduction in EAAC1 expression, suggesting that reduced EAAC1 expression is involved in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit and depressive behaviors in adolescence caused by NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, 34824 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, 34824 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, 34824 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Seoul Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520 Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Kyoung Baik
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, 34824 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799 Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, 34824 Republic of Korea
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Yoshino K, Oda Y, Kimura M, Kimura H, Nangaku M, Shirayama Y, Iyo M. The alterations of glutamate transporter 1 and glutamine synthetase in the rat brain of a learned helplessness model of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2547-2553. [PMID: 32445055 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although glutamate transmission via astrocytes has been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of depression, the precise mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we investigated the levels of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) of astrocytes in learned helplessness (LH) rats (an animal model of depression) and non-LH rats (an animal model of resilience). METHODS We administered inescapable mild electric shock to rats and then discriminated the LH and non-LH rats by a post-shock test. Almost 55% of the rats acquired LH. We then measured the expressions of GLT-1 and GS in several brain regions of LH and non-LH rats by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The levels of GLT-1 and GS in the CA-1, CA-3, dentate gyrus (DG), medial prefrontal cortex (mPF), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the LH group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The GS levels in the amygdala of the LH rats were significantly decreased compared to the controls. There were significant differences in GLT-1 and GS levels between the non-LH and LH rats in the CA-1 and CA-3. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the LH rats experienced up-regulations of GLT-1 and GS in the CA-1, CA-3, DG, mPF, and NAc and a down-regulation of GS in the amygdala. It is possible that the effects of the GLT-1 and GS levels on astrocytes in the CA-1 and CA-3 are critical for the differentiation of resilience from vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masahito Nangaku
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-0111, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Yang F, Wang H, Chen H, Ran D, Tang Q, Weng P, Sun Y, Jiang W. RAGE Signaling pathway in hippocampus dentate gyrus involved in GLT-1 decrease induced by chronic unpredictable stress in rats. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:49-56. [PMID: 32621862 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pivotal role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been supported in preclinical and clinical studies. Glutamate transporters are responsible for rapid uptake of glutamate to maintain glutamate homeostasis. Down-regulation of glutamate transporters has been reported in MDD patients and animal models. However, the mechanism for stress-induced modulation of glutamate transporter expression is poorly understood. Receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE), a member of immunoglobulin family, is found expressed widely in brain and play important roles in neuronal development, neurite growth, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Our study showed chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) induced depressive-like behaviors and reduced RAGE expression in hippocampus DG, CA1 and CA3 areas. The protein levels of GLT-1, p-CREB and p-p65 decreased in hippocampus DG as well. Knockdown of RAGE expression in hippocampus DG with RAGE shRNA lentivirus particles induced depressive-like behaviors. Meanwhile, the protein and mRNA levels of GLT-1 were significantly decreased as well as phosphorylation of CREB and p65. Neither CUS nor RAGE knockdown altered GLAST protein and mRNA levels. These findings suggested that RAGE/CREB-NF-κB signaling pathway in hippocampus DG involved in modulation of GLT-1 expression, which possibly contributed to the depressive-like behavior induced by CUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Weng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wengao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Holschneider DP, Wang Z, Chang H, Zhang R, Gao Y, Guo Y, Mao J, Rodriguez LV. Ceftriaxone inhibits stress-induced bladder hyperalgesia and alters cerebral micturition and nociceptive circuits in the rat: A multidisciplinary approach to the study of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome research network study. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:1628-1643. [PMID: 32578247 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Emotional stress plays a role in the exacerbation and development of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Given the significant overlap of brain circuits involved in stress, anxiety, and micturition, and the documented role of glutamate in their regulation, we examined the effects of an increase in glutamate transport on central amplification of stress-induced bladder hyperalgesia, a core feature of IC/BPS. METHODS Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS, 1 hour/day x 10 days) or sham stress, with subgroups receiving daily administration of ceftriaxone (CTX), an activator of glutamate transport. Thereafter, cystometrograms were obtained during bladder infusion with visceromotor responses (VMR) recorded simultaneously. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) mapping was performed by intravenous injection of [14 C]-iodoantipyrine during passive bladder distension. Regional CBF was quantified in autoradiographs of brain slices and analyzed in three dimensional reconstructed brains with statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS WAS elicited visceral hypersensitivity during bladder filling as demonstrated by a decreased pressure threshold and VMR threshold triggering the voiding phase. Brain maps revealed stress effects in regions noted to be responsive to bladder filling. CTX diminished visceral hypersensitivity and attenuated many stress-related cerebral activations within the supraspinal micturition circuit and in overlapping limbic and nociceptive regions, including the posterior midline cortex (posterior cingulate/anterior retrosplenium), somatosensory cortex, and anterior thalamus. CONCLUSIONS CTX diminished bladder hyspersensitivity and attenuated regions of the brain that contribute to nociceptive and micturition circuits, show stress effects, and have been reported to demonstrated altered functionality in patients with IC/BPS. Glutamatergic pharmacologic strategies modulating stress-related bladder dysfunction may be a novel approach to the treatment of IC/BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, California
| | - Huiyi Chang
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yunliang Gao
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumei Guo
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jackie Mao
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Larissa V Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Pietrancosta N, Djibo M, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S, Erickson JD. Molecular, Structural, Functional, and Pharmacological Sites for Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3118-3142. [PMID: 32474835 PMCID: PMC7261050 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) control quantal size of glutamatergic transmission and have been the center of numerous studies over the past two decades. VGLUTs contain two independent transport modes that facilitate glutamate packaging into synaptic vesicles and phosphate (Pi) ion transport into the synaptic terminal. While a transmembrane proton electrical gradient established by a vacuolar-type ATPase powers vesicular glutamate transport, recent studies indicate that binding sites and flux properties for chloride, potassium, and protons within VGLUTs themselves regulate VGLUT activity as well. These intrinsic ionic binding and flux properties of VGLUTs can therefore be modulated by neurophysiological conditions to affect levels of glutamate available for release from synapses. Despite their extraordinary importance, specific and high-affinity pharmacological compounds that interact with these sites and regulate VGLUT function, distinguish between the various modes of transport, and the different isoforms themselves, are lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiologic sites for VGLUT regulation that could modulate glutamate release in an over-active synapse or in a disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS, LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Mahamadou Djibo
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, LCBPT, UMR 8601, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boulevard Lasalle, Verdun, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey D Erickson
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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L-Carnosine combination therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2020; 267:131-136. [PMID: 32063564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for antidepressant effects of L-Carnosine was shown in some experimental studies. In this study we tried to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of L-Carnosine combination therapy in treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Fifty-eight patients with MDD (DSM-V) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score ≥ 19 were randomized to receive either 400 mg twice daily L-Carnosine or placebo in addition to citalopram (maximum dosage of 40 mg/day) for six weeks in a randomized double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Patients were assessed using the HAM-D scale at baseline and weeks 2, 4, and 6. RESULTS Fifty-two patients completed the trial. General linear model repeated measure showed significant difference for time × treatment on HAM-D score [F = 3.17, df = 2.39, p-value = 0.03]. Significantly greater improvement was detected in HAM-D score of the L-Carnosine group compared with the placebo group from baseline to weeks 2, 4 and 6 [Ps = 0.013, 0.028 and 0.023; respectively]. Patients in the L-Carnosine group experienced significantly greater response and remission rate than the placebo group [Ps = 0.023 and 0.012; respectively]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in baseline parameters and frequency of side effects. LIMITATIONS Short follow-up period and small population size were two important limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS L-Carnosine combination therapy with citalopram can effectively improve symptoms of patients with major depressive disorder. Rapid-onset antidepressant effects of L-Carnosine were also shown which need further investigation.
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The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1798-1815. [PMID: 30967681 PMCID: PMC6785351 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a complex disorder that takes an enormous toll on individual health. As affected individuals display a wide variation in their clinical symptoms, the precise neural mechanisms underlying the development of depression remain elusive. Although it is impossible to phenocopy every symptom of human depression in rodents, the preclinical field has had great success in modeling some of the core affective and neurovegetative depressive symptoms, including social withdrawal, anhedonia, and weight loss. Adaptations in select cell populations may underlie these individual depressive symptoms and new tools have expanded our ability to monitor and manipulate specific cell types. This review outlines some of the most recent preclinical discoveries on the molecular and neurophysiological mechanisms in reward circuitry that underlie the expression of behavioral constructs relevant to depressive symptoms.
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The psychopharmacology of epilepsy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31727213 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64012-3.00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy affects 1% of the world's population and is defined as two or more unprovoked seizures. Psychiatric conditions (depression, psychosis, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) may coexist and are linked to negative seizure outcomes and poorer quality of life. There is an increasing body of evidence to suggest a bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders, which may imply shared pathophysiologic mechanisms. Extensive research has examined neurobiologic and neuroanatomic substrates for this association revealing some interesting similarities. Psychiatric disorders in people with epilepsy often go underdiagnosed and undertreated, due to fears of exacerbating psychiatric symptoms or provoking seizures, which may cause delays in optimal management. This chapter covers psychiatric conditions in epilepsy largely focusing on depressive disorders and psychotic disorders. Anxiety and ADHD in association with epilepsy are also discussed. Epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and pharmacotherapies used to treat epilepsy and psychiatric disorders are also covered.
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Liu Y, Ding XF, Wang XX, Zou XJ, Li XJ, Liu YY, Li J, Qian XY, Chen JX. Xiaoyaosan exerts antidepressant-like effects by regulating the functions of astrocytes and EAATs in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:215. [PMID: 31412844 PMCID: PMC6694586 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence indicates that the cerebral cortex is an important physiological system of emotional activity, and its dysfunction may be the main cause of stress. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), which initiates rapid signal transmission in the synapse before its reuptake into the surrounding glia, specifically astrocytes (ASTs). The astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporters 1 (EAAT1) and 2 (EAAT2) are the major transporters that take up synaptic glutamate to maintain optimal extracellular glutamic levels, thus preventing accumulation in the synaptic cleft and ensuing excitotoxicity. Growing evidence has shown that excitotoxicity is associated with depression. Therefore, we hypothesized that the underlying antidepressant-like mechanism of Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a Chinese herbal formula, may be related to the regulation of astrocytic EAATs. Therefore, we studied the antidepressant mechanism of XYS on the basis of EAAT dysfunction in ASTs. Methods Eighty adult C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group, a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, a Xiaoyaosan (XYS) treatment group and a fluoxetine hydrochloride (Flu) treatment group. Except for the control group, mice in the other groups all received chronic unpredictable mild stress for 21 days. Mice in the control and CUMS groups received gavage administration with 0.5 mL of normal saline (NS) for 21 days, and mice in the XYS and Flu treatment groups were administered dosages of 0.25 g/kg/d and 2.6 mg/kg/d by gavage. The effects of XYS on the depressive-like behavioral tests, including the open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT), were examined. The glutamate (Glu) concentrations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were detected with colorimetry. The morphology of neurons in the PFC was observed by Nissl staining. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), NeuN, EAAT1 and EAAT2 proteins in the PFC of mice was detected by using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of the GFAP, NeuN, EAAT1 and EAAT2 genes in the PFC of mice. Results The results of behavioral tests showed that CUMS-induced mice exhibited depressive-like behavior, which could be improved in some tests with XYS and Flu treatment. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed that the protein levels of GFAP, NeuN, EAAT1 and EAAT2 in the PFC of CUMS mice were significantly lower than those in the control group, and these changes could be reversed by XYS and Flu. The results of qPCR analysis showed that the expression of GFAP, NeuN, EAAT1 and EAAT2 mRNAs in the PFC of CUMS mice was not significantly changed, with the exception of EAAT2, compared with that of the control group, while the expression of the above mRNAs was significantly higher in the XYS and Flu groups than that in the CUMS group. Conclusion XYS may exert antidepressant-like effects by improving the functions of AST and EAATs and attenuating glutamate-induced neuronal damage in the frontal cortex.
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Zhong J, Li S, Zeng W, Li X, Gu C, Liu J, Luo XJ. Integration of GWAS and brain eQTL identifies FLOT1 as a risk gene for major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1542-1551. [PMID: 30771789 PMCID: PMC6785150 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple risk variants that show robust association with MDD. Nevertheless, how the identified risk variants confer risk of MDD remains largely unknown. To identify risk variants that are associated with gene expression in human brain and to identify genes whose expression change may contribute to the susceptibility of MDD, we systematically integrated the genetic associations from a large-scale MDD GWAS (N = 480,359) and brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data (N = 494) using a Bayesian statistical framework (Sherlock). Sherlock integrative analysis showed that FLOT1 was significantly associated with MDD (P = 6.02 × 10-6), suggesting that risk variants may contribute to MDD susceptibility through affecting FLOT1 expression. We further examined the expression level of FLOT1 in MDD cases and controls and found that FLOT1 was significantly upregulated in brains and peripheral blood of MDD cases compared with controls (European sample). Interestingly, we found that FLOT1 expression was also significantly upregulated in peripheral blood of first-episode drug-naive MDD cases compared with controls (P = 1.01 × 10-7, Chinese sample). Our study identified FLOT1 as a novel MDD risk gene whose expression level may play a role in MDD. In addition, our findings also suggest that risk variants may confer risk of MDD through affecting expression of FLOT1. Further functional investigation of FLOT1 may provide new insights for MDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Zhong
- The first people’s hospital of Yunnan province, Psychiatry Department, 650032 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Shiwu Li
- 0000000119573309grid.9227.eKey Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China ,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Wanli Zeng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, 650106 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- 0000000119573309grid.9227.eKey Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China ,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Chunjie Gu
- The first people’s hospital of Yunnan province, Psychiatry Department, 650032 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- 0000000119573309grid.9227.eKey Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Blacker CJ, Millischer V, Webb LM, Ho AMC, Schalling M, Frye MA, Veldic M. EAAT2 as a Research Target in Bipolar Disorder and Unipolar Depression: A Systematic Review. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 5:44-59. [PMID: 32399469 DOI: 10.1159/000501885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is implicated in the neuropathology of both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is the major glutamate transporter in the mammalian brain, removing glutamate from the synaptic cleft and transporting it into glia for recycling. It is thereby the principal regulator of extracellular glutamate levels and prevents neuronal excitotoxicity. EAAT2 is a promising target for elucidating the mechanisms by which the glutamate-glutamine cycle interacts with neuronal systems in mood disorders. Forty EAAT2 studies (published January 1992-January 2018) were identified via a systematic literature search. The studies demonstrated that chronic stress/steroids were most commonly associated with decreased EAAT2. In rodents, EAAT2 inhibition worsened depressive behaviors. Human EAAT2 expression usually decreased in depression, with some regional brain differences. Fewer data have been collected regarding the roles and regulation of EAAT2 in bipolar disorder. Future directions for research include correlating EAAT2 and glutamate levels in vivo, elucidating genetic variability and epigenetic regulation, clarifying intracellular protein and pharmacologic interactions, and examining EAAT2 in different bipolar mood states. As part of a macromolecular complex within glia, EAAT2 may contribute significantly to intracellular signaling, energy regulation, and cellular homeostasis. An enhanced understanding of this system is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren J Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ada M C Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Mayegowda SB, Thomas C. Glial pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders: a brief review. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0120. [PMID: 31280243 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurons have been considered the major functional entities of the nervous system that are responsible for most of the functions even though glial cells largely outnumber them. However, recent reports have proved that glial cells do not function just like glue in the nervous system but also substantially affect neuronal function and activities, and are significantly involved in the underlying pathobiology of various psychiatric disorders. Dysfunctional astrocytes and degeneration of glial cells are postulated to be critical factors contributing to the aggravation of depressive-like symptoms in humans, which was proved using animal models. Alteration in glial cell function predominantly targets three main brain regions - the prefrontal cortex, limbic areas including the hippocampus, and the amygdala, which have been extensively studied by various researchers across the globe. These studies have postulated that failure in adopting to the changing neurophysiology due to stress will lead to regressive plasticity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, but to progressive plasticity in the amygdala. In this present review, an effort has been made to understand the different alterations in chronic stress models in correlation with clinical conditions, providing evidence on the defective maintenance of glial function and its potential role in the precipitation of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Borehalli Mayegowda
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout,Bengaluru 560 078, India, Mobile: +919972939466
| | - Christofer Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
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Tse YC, Lopez J, Moquin A, Wong SMA, Maysinger D, Wong TP. The susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress is related to low hippocampal extrasynaptic NMDA receptor function. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1310-1318. [PMID: 30723288 PMCID: PMC6785155 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been highly implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. While NMDARs can be found inside and outside glutamate synapses, it remains unclear if NMDARs at synaptic (sNMDAR) and extrasynaptic locations (exNMDAR) play different roles in the formation of depression-related behaviors. Using chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), an animal model for anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, we found that mice susceptible to CSDS exhibited low hippocampal exNMDAR function. Raising exNMDAR function by enhancing the release of glutamate from astrocytic cystine-glutamate antiporters or targeting extrasynaptic receptors with agonist-coated gold nanoparticles that cannot enter the synaptic cleft prevented social avoidance behavior in stressed mice. Interestingly, ketamine, which is a fast-acting antidepressant, exhibited stronger blockade to sNMDARs than to exNMDARs. These findings suggest that the susceptibility and resilience of mice toward CSDS is related to low and high exNMDAR function in the hippocampus, respectively. Enhancing exNMDAR function could be a novel treatment approach for mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Chung Tse
- 0000 0001 2353 5268grid.412078.8Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Joëlle Lopez
- 0000 0001 2353 5268grid.412078.8Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Alexandre Moquin
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Shui-Ming Alice Wong
- 0000 0001 2353 5268grid.412078.8Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Demuyser T, Deneyer L, Bentea E, Albertini G, Femenia T, Walrave L, Sato H, Danbolt NC, De Bundel D, Michotte A, Lindskog M, Massie A, Smolders I. Slc7a11 (xCT) protein expression is not altered in the depressed brain and system xc- deficiency does not affect depression-associated behaviour in the corticosterone mouse model. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:381-392. [PMID: 28882088 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1371332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The cystine/glutamate antiporter (system xc-) is believed to contribute to nonvesicular glutamate release from glial cells in various brain areas. Although recent investigations implicate system xc- in mood disorders, unambiguous evidence has not yet been established. Therefore, we evaluated the possible role of system xc- in the depressive state. Methods: We conducted a protein expression analysis of the specific subunit of system xc- (xCT) in brain regions of the corticosterone mouse model, Flinders Sensitive Line rat model and post-mortem tissue of depressed patients. We next subjected system xc- deficient mice to the corticosterone model and analysed their behaviour in several tests. Lastly, we subjected additional cohorts of xCT-deficient and wild-type mice to N-acetylcysteine treatment to unveil whether the previously reported antidepressant-like effects are dependent upon system xc-. Results: We did not detect any changes in xCT expression levels in the animal models or patients compared to proper controls. Furthermore, loss of system xc- had no effect on depression- and anxiety-like behaviour. Finally, the antidepressant-like effects of N-acetylcysteine are not mediated via system xc-. Conclusions: xCT protein expression is not altered in the depressed brain and system xc- deficiency does not affect depression-associated behaviour in the corticosterone mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Demuyser
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information , Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Lauren Deneyer
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology , C4N, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Eduard Bentea
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology , C4N, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Giulia Albertini
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information , Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Teresa Femenia
- c Department of Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Laura Walrave
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information , Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Hideyo Sato
- d Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Technology , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Niels C Danbolt
- e Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information , Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Alex Michotte
- f Experimental Pathology and Neuropathology , University Hospital Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Maria Lindskog
- c Department of Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ann Massie
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology , C4N, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information , Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
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Olivares-Bañuelos TN, Chí-Castañeda D, Ortega A. Glutamate transporters: Gene expression regulation and signaling properties. Neuropharmacology 2019; 161:107550. [PMID: 30822498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. During synaptic activity, glutamate is released and binds to specific membrane receptors and transporters activating, in the one hand, a wide variety of signal transduction cascades, while in the other hand, its removal from the synaptic cleft. Extracellular glutamate concentrations are maintained within physiological levels mainly by glia glutamate transporters. Inefficient clearance of this amino acid is neurotoxic due to a prolonged hyperactivation of its postsynaptic receptors, exacerbating a wide array of intracellular events linked to an ionic imbalance, that results in neuronal cell death. This process is known as excitotoxicity and is the underlying mechanisms of an important number of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the regulation of glutamate transporters function. The transporter activity can be regulated at different levels: gene expression, transporter protein targeting and trafficking, and post-translational modifications of the transporter protein. The identification of these mechanisms has paved the way to our current understanding the role of glutamate transporters in brain physiology and will certainly provide the needed biochemical information for the development of therapeutic strategies towards the establishment of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment and/or prevention of pathologies associated with excitotoxicity insults. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Olivares-Bañuelos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada No. 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Donají Chí-Castañeda
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07000, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07000, Mexico.
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Kim R, Healey KL, Sepulveda-Orengo MT, Reissner KJ. Astroglial correlates of neuropsychiatric disease: From astrocytopathy to astrogliosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 87:126-146. [PMID: 28989099 PMCID: PMC5889368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Complex roles for astrocytes in health and disease continue to emerge, highlighting this class of cells as integral to function and dysfunction of the nervous system. In particular, escalating evidence strongly implicates a range of changes in astrocyte structure and function associated with neuropsychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and addiction. These changes can range from astrocytopathy, degeneration, and loss of function, to astrogliosis and hypertrophy, and can be either adaptive or maladaptive. Evidence from the literature indicates a myriad of changes observed in astrocytes from both human postmortem studies as well as preclinical animal models, including changes in expression of glial fibrillary protein, as well as changes in astrocyte morphology and astrocyte-mediated regulation of synaptic function. In this review, we seek to provide a comprehensive assessment of these findings and consequently evidence for common themes regarding adaptations in astrocytes associated with neuropsychiatric disease. While results are mixed across conditions and models, general findings indicate decreased astrocyte cellular features and gene expression in depression, chronic stress and anxiety, but increased inflammation in schizophrenia. Changes also vary widely in response to different drugs of abuse, with evidence reflective of features of astrocytopathy to astrogliosis, varying across drug classes, route of administration and length of withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Kim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB 3270, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Kati L Healey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB 3270, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Marian T Sepulveda-Orengo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB 3270, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Kathryn J Reissner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB 3270, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States..
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45
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Fractionating Blunted Reward Processing Characteristic of Anhedonia by Over-Activating Primate Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Neuron 2018; 101:307-320.e6. [PMID: 30528065 PMCID: PMC6344231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are unknown. Correlative neuroimaging studies implicate dysfunction within ventromedial prefrontal cortex, but the causal roles of specific subregions remain unidentified. We addressed these issues by combining intracerebral microinfusions with cardiovascular and behavioral monitoring in marmoset monkeys to show that over-activation of primate subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC, area 25) blunts appetitive anticipatory, but not consummatory, arousal, whereas manipulations of adjacent perigenual ACC (pgACC, area 32) have no effect. sgACC/25 over-activation also reduces the willingness to work for reward. 18F-FDG PET imaging reveals over-activation induced metabolic changes in circuits involved in reward processing and interoception. Ketamine treatment ameliorates the blunted anticipatory arousal and reverses associated metabolic changes. These results demonstrate a causal role for primate sgACC/25 over-activity in selective aspects of impaired reward processing translationally relevant to anhedonia, and ketamine's modulation of an affective network to exert its action.
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Zhang FX, Ge SN, Dong YL, Shi J, Feng YP, Li Y, Li YQ, Li JL. Vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms: The essential players in the somatosensory systems. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:72-89. [PMID: 30273635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In nervous system, glutamate transmission is crucial for centripetal conveyance and cortical perception of sensory signals of different modalities, which necessitates vesicular glutamate transporters 1-3 (VGLUT 1-3), the three homologous membrane-bound protein isoforms, to load glutamate into the presysnaptic vesicles. These VGLUTs, especially VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, selectively label and define functionally distinct neuronal subpopulations at each relay level of the neural hierarchies comprising spinal and trigeminal sensory systems. In this review, by scrutinizing each structure of the organism's fundamental hierarchies including dorsal root/trigeminal ganglia, spinal dorsal horn/trigeminal sensory nuclear complex, somatosensory thalamic nuclei and primary somatosensory cortex, we summarize and characterize in detail within each relay the neuronal clusters expressing distinct VGLUT protein/transcript isoforms, with respect to their regional distribution features (complementary distribution in some structures), axonal terminations/peripheral innervations and physiological functions. Equally important, the distribution pattern and characteristics of VGLUT1/VGLUT2 axon terminals within these structures are also epitomized. Finally, the correlation of a particular VGLUT isoform and its physiological role, disclosed thus far largely via studying the peripheral receptors, is generalized by referring to reports on global and conditioned VGLUT-knockout mice. Also, researches on VGLUTs relating to future direction are tentatively proposed, such as unveiling the elusive differences between distinct VGLUTs in mechanism and/or pharmacokinetics at ionic/molecular level, and developing VGLUT-based pain killers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Shun-Nan Ge
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Dong
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yu-Peng Feng
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Jin-Lian Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Mishra PK, Kumar A, Behar KL, Patel AB. Subanesthetic ketamine reverses neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity deficits in a social defeat model of depression. J Neurochem 2018; 146:722-734. [PMID: 29964293 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders. Most of the current antidepressants have long remission time and low recovery rate. This study explores the impact of ketamine on neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity in prefrontal cortex in a social defeat (SD) model of depression. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a social defeat paradigm for 5 min a day for 10 consecutive days. Ketamine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered to mice for two consecutive days following the last defeat stress. Mice were infused with [1,6-13 C2 ]glucose or [2-13 C]acetate to assess neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity, respectively, together with proton-observed carbon-edited nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in prefrontal cortex tissue extract. The 13 C labeling of amino acids from glucose and acetate was decreased in SD mice. Ketamine treatment in SD mice restored sucrose preference, social interaction and immobility time to control values. Acute subanesthetic ketamine restored the 13 C labeling of brain amino acids from glucose as well as acetate in SD mice to the respective control values, suggesting that rates of neuronal and astroglial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and neurotransmitter cycling were re-established to normal levels. The finding of improved energy metabolism in SD mice suggests that fast anti-depressant action of ketamine is linked with improved neurotransmitter cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin K Mishra
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kevin L Behar
- Psychiatry, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anant B Patel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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Parkin GM, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Dean B. Glutamate transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, are potentially important in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia and affective disorders. World J Psychiatry 2018; 8:51-63. [PMID: 29988908 PMCID: PMC6033743 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v8.i2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain and it has been shown that prolonged activation of the glutamatergic system leads to nerve damage and cell death. Following release from the pre-synaptic neuron and synaptic transmission, glutamate is either taken up into the pre-synaptic neuron or neighbouring glia by transmembrane glutamate transporters. Excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 1 and EAAT2 are Na+-dependant glutamate transporters expressed predominantly in glia cells of the central nervous system. As the most abundant glutamate transporters, their primary role is to modulate levels of glutamatergic excitability and prevent spill over of glutamate beyond the synapse. This role is facilitated through the binding and transportation of glutamate into astrocytes and microglia. The function of EAAT1 and EAAT2 is heavily regulated at the levels of gene expression, post-transcriptional splicing, glycosylation states and cell-surface trafficking of the protein. Both glutamatergic dysfunction and glial dysfunction have been proposed to be involved in psychiatric disorder. This review will present an overview of the roles that EAAT1 and EAAT2 play in modulating glutamatergic activity in the human brain, and mount an argument that these two transporters could be involved in the aetiologies of schizophrenia and affective disorders as well as represent potential drug targets for novel therapies for those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Parkin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
- Research Centre for Mental Health, the Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Hawthorne VIC 3122, Australia
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White Matter Microstructure in Bipolar Disorder Is Influenced by the Interaction between a Glutamate Transporter EAAT1 Gene Variant and Early Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:702-710. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hamed A, Kursa MB. Inter-individual differences in serotonin and glutamate co-transmission reflect differentiation in context-induced conditioned 50-kHz USVs response after morphine withdrawal. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3149-3167. [PMID: 29774428 PMCID: PMC6132671 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research provides compelling evidence that in rats 50-kHz USVs are a form of expression of positive emotions. Context-induced 50-kHz USVs emission is variable among rats, indicating individual differences in contextual response bound up with pharmacological reward. The aims of this study were to: extract the most important neurotransmitters related to context-induced conditioned 50-kHz USVs response; find biological basis of existing inter-individual differences in context-induced conditioned 50-kHz USVs response; create a model of all-to-all neurotransmitters correlations. The data collected here confirms that re-exposure to the context of morphine administration after the withdrawal period increases the level of 50-kHz USVs and this contextual response is associated with elevated serotonin concentrations in amygdala, hippocampus and mPFC and with increased Glu/Gln ratio in nucleus accumbens. The concentration of serotonin increases simultaneously in amygdala, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Moreover, 5-HT concentration in amygdala is bound up with glutamate level in this structure as well as in hippocampus. Furthermore, Glu/Gln ratio in nucleus accumbens has strong associations with Glu/Gln ratio simultaneously in VTA, amygdala, striatum and hippocampus. All-to-all-analysis indicate that concentration of glutamate in hippocampus is proportional to glutamate in VTA and GABA concentration in the hippocampus. We have also demonstrated that Glu/GABA ratio in VTA and amygdala was elevated after post withdrawal re-exposure to the pharmacological reward paired context. Presented analysis indicates a strong correlation between serotonergic and glutamatergic systems in context-induced conditioned response. The strength of this co-transmission correlates with the number of 50-kHz USVs emitted in response to morphine-paired context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hamed
- Laboratory of Spatial Memory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Miron Bartosz Kursa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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