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Sailike B, Onzhanova Z, Akbay B, Tokay T, Molnár F. Vitamin D in Central Nervous System: Implications for Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7809. [PMID: 39063051 PMCID: PMC11277055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, obtained from diet or synthesized internally as cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol, influences bodily functions through its most active metabolite and the vitamin D receptor. Recent research has uncovered multiple roles for vitamin D in the central nervous system, impacting neural development and maturation, regulating the dopaminergic system, and controlling the synthesis of neural growth factors. This review thoroughly examines these connections and investigates the consequences of vitamin D deficiency in neurological disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. The potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in alleviating symptoms of these diseases are evaluated alongside a discussion of the controversial findings from previous intervention studies. The importance of interpreting these results cautiously is emphasised. Furthermore, the article proposes that additional randomised and well-designed trials are essential for gaining a deeper understanding of the potential therapeutic advantages of vitamin D supplementation for neurological disorders. Ultimately, this review highlights the critical role of vitamin D in neurological well-being and highlights the need for further research to enhance our understanding of its function in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ferdinand Molnár
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (B.S.); (Z.O.); (B.A.); (T.T.)
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2
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Li M, Hu S, Sun J, Zhang Y. The role of vitamin D3 in follicle development. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:148. [PMID: 39020390 PMCID: PMC11253454 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 plays a crucial role in female reproduction. As research progresses, the mechanisms of action of vitamin D3 on follicular development have been widely discussed. Firstly, key enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D3 have been discovered in the ovary, suggesting that vitamin D3 can be synthesized and metabolized locally within the ovary. Additionally, the detection of vitamin D3 receptors (VDR) in follicles suggests that vitamin D3 may exert its effects by binding specifically to these receptors during follicular development. Further research indicates that vitamin D3 promotes follicular growth by enhancing the development of granulosa cells (GCs) and oocytes. Currently, the mechanism of action of vitamin D3 in follicular development is becoming increasingly clear. Vitamin D3 promotes oocyte development by regulating molecules involved in meiotic arrest in oocytes. It also enhances granulosa cell proliferation by stimulating steroid hormone synthesis and cell cycle regulation. Additionally, vitamin D3 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), mitigating the detrimental effects of inflammation on follicular development. These functions of vitamin D3 have clinical applications, such as in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), improving female fertility, and enhancing outcomes in in vitro fertilization (IVF). This review summarizes the research progress on the role and mechanisms of vitamin D3 in follicular development and briefly summarizes its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Shanghai, Huangpu, 200011, China
| | - Shuhui Hu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Shanghai, Huangpu, 200011, China
| | - Jiaxiang Sun
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Shanghai, Huangpu, 200011, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Shanghai, Huangpu, 200011, China.
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Kouba BR, Altê GA, Rodrigues ALS. Putative Pharmacological Depression and Anxiety-Related Targets of Calcitriol Explored by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:893. [PMID: 39065743 PMCID: PMC11280388 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders, prevalent neuropsychiatric conditions that frequently coexist, limit psychosocial functioning and, consequently, the individual's quality of life. Since the pharmacological treatment of these disorders has several limitations, the search for effective and secure antidepressant and anxiolytic compounds is welcome. Vitamin D has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective, antidepressant, and anxiolytic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to explore new molecular targets of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, through integrated bioinformatic analysis. Calcitriol targets were predicted in SwissTargetPrediction server (2019 version). The disease targets were collected by the GeneCards database searching the keywords "depression" and "anxiety". Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the intersections of targets. Network analyses were carried out using GeneMania server (2023 version) and Cytoscape (V. 3.9.1.) software. Molecular docking predicted the main targets of the network and Ligplot predicted the main intermolecular interactions. Our study showed that calcitriol may interact with multiple targets. The main targets found are the vitamin D receptor (VDR), histamine H3 receptor (H3R), endocannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), nuclear receptor NR1H3, patched-1 (PTCH1) protein, opioid receptor NOP, and phosphodiesterase enzymes PDE3A and PDE5A. Considering the role of these targets in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety, our findings suggest novel putative mechanisms of action of vitamin D as well as new promising molecular targets whose role in these disorders deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (B.R.K.); (G.A.A.)
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Kimura T, Rahmani R, Miyamoto T, Kamio Y, Kudo D, Sato H, Ikedo T, Baranoski JF, Uchikawa H, Ai J, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Vitamin D deficiency promotes intracranial aneurysm rupture. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1174-1183. [PMID: 38241458 PMCID: PMC11179614 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241226750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm rupture causes severe disability and high mortality. Epidemiological studies show a strong association between decreased vitamin D levels and an increase in aneurysm rupture. However, the causality and mechanism remain largely unknown. In this study, we tested whether vitamin D deficiency promotes aneurysm rupture and examined the underlying mechanism for the protective role of vitamin D against the development of aneurysm rupture utilizing a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm. Mice consuming a vitamin D-deficient diet had a higher rupture rate than mice with a regular diet. Vitamin D deficiency increased proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebral arteries. Concurrently, vitamin D receptor knockout mice had a higher rupture rate than the corresponding wild-type littermates. The vitamin D receptors on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, but not on hematopoietic cells, mediated the effect of aneurysm rupture. Our results establish that vitamin D protects against the development of aneurysmal rupture through the vitamin D receptors on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Vitamin D supplementation may be a viable pharmacologic therapy for preventing aneurysm rupture.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Vitamin D Deficiency/complications
- Intracranial Aneurysm/etiology
- Mice
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/etiology
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/deficiency
- Vitamin D/therapeutic use
- Vitamin D/blood
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Male
- Disease Models, Animal
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kimura
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jacob F Baranoski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Hiroki Uchikawa
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Balczon R, Lin MT, Voth S, Nelson AR, Schupp JC, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Stevens T. Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:533-587. [PMID: 37561137 PMCID: PMC11281824 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelia in the arteries, capillaries, and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Lung capillaries in particular represent a unique vascular niche, with a thin yet highly restrictive alveolar-capillary barrier that optimizes gas exchange. Capillary endothelium surveys the blood while simultaneously interpreting cues initiated within the alveolus and communicated via immediately adjacent type I and type II epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This cell-cell communication is necessary to coordinate the immune response to lower respiratory tract infection. Recent discoveries identify an important role for the microtubule-associated protein tau that is expressed in lung capillary endothelia in the host-pathogen interaction. This endothelial tau stabilizes microtubules necessary for barrier integrity, yet infection drives production of cytotoxic tau variants that are released into the airways and circulation, where they contribute to end-organ dysfunction. Similarly, beta-amyloid is produced during infection. Beta-amyloid has antimicrobial activity, but during infection it can acquire cytotoxic activity that is deleterious to the host. The production and function of these cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are the subject of this review. Lung-derived cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are a recently discovered mechanism of end-organ dysfunction, including neurocognitive dysfunction, during and in the aftermath of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mike T Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Sarah Voth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
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Acharya M, Singh N, Gupta G, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Goyal R. Vitamin D, Calbindin, and calcium signaling: Unraveling the Alzheimer's connection. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111043. [PMID: 38211841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that is indispensable in regulating neurotransmission and memory formation. A precise intracellular calcium level is achieved through the concerted action of calcium channels, and calcium exerts its effect by binding to an array of calcium-binding proteins, including calmodulin (CAM), calcium-calmodulin complex-dependent protein kinase-II (CAMK-II), calbindin (CAL), and calcineurin (CAN). Calbindin orchestrates a plethora of signaling events that regulate synaptic transmission and depolarizing signals. Vitamin D, an endogenous fat-soluble metabolite, is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. It modulates calcium signaling by increasing the expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), stimulating phospholipase C activity, and regulating the expression of calcium channels such as TRPV6. Vitamin D also modulates the activity of calcium-binding proteins, including CAM and calbindin, and increases their expression. Calbindin, a high-affinity calcium-binding protein, is involved in calcium buffering and transport in neurons. It has been shown to inhibit apoptosis and caspase-3 activity stimulated by presenilin 1 and 2 in AD. Whereas CAM, another calcium-binding protein, is implicated in regulating neurotransmitter release and memory formation by phosphorylating CAN, CAMK-II, and other calcium-regulated proteins. CAMK-II and CAN regulate actin-induced spine shape changes, which are further modulated by CAM. Low levels of both calbindin and vitamin D are attributed to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Further research on vitamin D via calbindin-CAMK-II signaling may provide newer insights, revealing novel therapeutic targets and strategies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Acharya
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nicky Singh
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Universities of Nottingham and Lincoln College of Science, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Shea MK, Xuan AY, Booth SL. Vitamin D, Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:185-219. [PMID: 38777413 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been proposed as a potential strategy to mitigate age-related cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's dementia, the predominant type of dementia. Rodent studies have provided insight into the potential mechanisms underlying the role of vitamin D in Alzheimer's disease and dementia. However, inconsistencies with respect to age, sex, and genetic background of the rodent models used poses some limitations regarding scientific rigor and translation. Several human observational studies have evaluated the association of vitamin D status with cognitive decline and dementia, and the results are conflicting. Randomized clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation have included cognitive outcomes. However, most of the available trials have not been designed specifically to test the effect of vitamin D on age-related cognitive decline and dementia, so it remains questionable how much additional vitamin D will improve cognitive performance. Here we evaluate the strengths and limitations of the available evidence regarding the role of vitamin D in AD, cognitive decline, dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyla Shea
- Tufts University USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging.
| | - Andrew Y Xuan
- Tufts University USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Tufts University USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
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8
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Kouba BR, Camargo A, Rodrigues ALS. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: potential beneficial effects of vitamin D. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:819-829. [PMID: 36862275 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. In recent years, several studies have robustly shown that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of this disease. The co-localization of amyloid-β plaques near activated glial cells and the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in AD patients indicate the involvement of the neuroinflammatory process in AD progression. Considering that pharmacological treatment remains a challenge for the management of this disease, compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are promising therapeutic strategies. In this context, vitamin D has gained attention in the last few years due to its neuroprotective property and the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the population. Herein, in this narrative review we present the possible contribution of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D for its neuroprotective effects, and the clinical and preclinical data dealing with the effects of vitamin D in AD, focusing mainly on the neuroinflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Kouba
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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9
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The Vitamin D Receptor as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases Such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040660. [PMID: 36831327 PMCID: PMC9954016 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. The VDR is expressed in diverse brain regions and has been implicated in the neuroprotective, antiaging, prosurvival, and anti-inflammatory action of vitamin D. Accordingly, a relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases has been suggested. However, due to the multitargeted mechanisms of vitamin D and its often overlapping genomic and nongenomic effects, the role of the VDR in brain pathologies remains obscure. In this narrative review, we present progress in deciphering the molecular mechanism of nuclear VDR-mediated vitamin D effects on prosurvival and anti-inflammatory signaling pathway activity within the central nervous system. In line with the concept of the neurovascular unit in pathomechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, a discussion of the role of the VDR in regulating the immune and vascular brain systems is also included. Next, we discuss the results of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the significance of vitamin D status and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, emphasizing the possible role of the VDR in these phenomena. Finally, the associations of some VDR polymorphisms with higher risks and severity of these neurodegenerative disorders are briefly summarized.
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Song YS, Jamali N, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Vitamin D Receptor Expression Limits the Angiogenic and Inflammatory Properties of Retinal Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:335. [PMID: 36672270 PMCID: PMC9856450 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of retinal endothelial cell (EC) is essential for establishing and maintaining the retinal blood barrier to ensure proper vision. Vitamin D is a hormone with known protective roles in EC function. The majority of vitamin D action is mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR is a nuclear receptor whose engagement by vitamin D impacts the expression of many genes with important roles in regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. Although many studies have investigated vitamin D-VDR action in cardiovascular protection and tumor angiogenesis, its impact on retinal EC function and regulation of ocular angiogenesis and inflammation is exceedingly limited. We previously showed calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is a potent inhibitor of retinal neovascularization in vivo and retinal EC capillary morphogenesis in vitro. Here, using retinal EC prepared from wild-type (Vdr+/+) and VDR-deficient (Vdr-/-) mice, we show that retinal EC express VDR and its expression is induced by calcitriol. The lack of VDR expression had a significant impact on endothelial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Vdr-/- retinal EC proliferated at a slower rate and were more adherent and less migratory. They also exhibited increased expression levels of inflammatory markers driven in part by sustained activation of STAT1 and NF-κB pathways and were more sensitive to oxidative challenge. These changes were attributed, in part, to down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase, enhanced hepcidin expression, and increased intracellular iron levels. Taken together, our results indicate that VDR expression plays a fundamental role in maintaining the proper angiogenic and inflammatory state of retinal EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Song
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nasim Jamali
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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11
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Gezen-Ak D, Dursun E. Vitamin D, a Secosteroid Hormone and Its Multifunctional Receptor, Vitamin D Receptor, in Alzheimer's Type Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1273-1299. [PMID: 37661883 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone exerting neurosteroid-like properties. Its well-known nuclear hormone receptor, and recently proposed as a mitochondrial transcription factor, vitamin D receptor, acts for its primary functions. The second receptor is an endoplasmic reticulum protein, protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), suggested to act as a rapid response. Vitamin D has effects on various systems, particularly through calcium metabolism. Among them, the nervous system has an important place in the context of our subject. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D and its receptors have numerous effects on the nervous system. Neurodegeneration is a long-term process. Throughout a human life span, so is vitamin D deficiency. Our previous studies and others have suggested that the out-come of long-term vitamin D deficiency (hypovitaminosis D or inefficient utilization of vitamin D), may lead neurons to be vulnerable to aging and neurodegeneration. We suggest that keeping vitamin D levels at adequate levels at all stages of life, considering new approaches such as agonists that can activate vitamin D receptors, and utilizing other derivatives produced in the synthesis process with UVB are crucial when considering vitamin D-based intervention studies. Given most aspects of vitamin D, this review outlines how vitamin D and its receptors work and are involved in neurodegeneration, emphasizing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Gezen-Ak
- Department of Neuroscience, Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Dursun
- Department of Neuroscience, Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Ghahremani M, Smith EE, Chen HY, Creese B, Goodarzi Z, Ismail Z. Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, APOE, and baseline cognitive status. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12404. [PMID: 36874594 PMCID: PMC9976297 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Despite the association of vitamin D deficiency with incident dementia, the role of supplementation is unclear. We prospectively explored associations between vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia in 12,388 dementia-free persons from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Methods Baseline exposure to vitamin D was considered D+; no exposure prior to dementia onset was considered D-. Kaplan-Meier curves compared dementia-free survival between groups. Cox models assessed dementia incidence rates across groups, adjusted for age, sex, education, race, cognitive diagnosis, depression, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4. Sensitivity analyses examined incidence rates for each vitamin D formulation. Potential interactions between exposure and model covariates were explored. Results Across all formulations, vitamin D exposure was associated with significantly longer dementia-free survival and lower dementia incidence rate than no exposure (hazard ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.55-0.65). The effect of vitamin D on incidence rate differed significantly across the strata of sex, cognitive status, and APOE ε4 status. Discussion Vitamin D may be a potential agent for dementia prevention. Highlights In a prospective cohort study, we assessed effects of Vitamin D on dementia incidence in 12,388 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset.Vitamin D exposure was associated with 40% lower dementia incidence versus no exposure.Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in females versus males and in normal cognition versus mild cognitive impairment.Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in apolipoprotein E ε4 non-carriers versus carriers.Vitamin D has potential for dementia prevention, especially in the high-risk strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Hung-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Byron Creese
- College of Medicine and Health University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Zahra Goodarzi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.,College of Medicine and Health University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Exeter UK.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
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13
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Meszaros M, Bikov A. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Lipid Metabolism: The Summary of Evidence and Future Perspectives in the Pathophysiology of OSA-Associated Dyslipidaemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2754. [PMID: 36359273 PMCID: PMC9687681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Strong evidence suggests that OSA is associated with an altered lipid profile including elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Intermittent hypoxia; sleep fragmentation; and consequential surges in the sympathetic activity, enhanced oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are the postulated mechanisms leading to metabolic alterations in OSA. Although the exact mechanisms of OSA-associated dyslipidaemia have not been fully elucidated, three main points have been found to be impaired: activated lipolysis in the adipose tissue, decreased lipid clearance from the circulation and accelerated de novo lipid synthesis. This is further complicated by the oxidisation of atherogenic lipoproteins, adipose tissue dysfunction, hormonal changes, and the reduced function of HDL particles in OSA. In this comprehensive review, we summarise and critically evaluate the current evidence about the possible mechanisms involved in OSA-associated dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Meszaros
- Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9MT, UK
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14
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Zhou CC, Wang XJ, Li ZC, Lu WJ, Zhang YT, Shen FM, Li DJ. Lead Exposure in Developmental Ages Promotes Aβ Accumulation by Disturbing Aβ Transportation in Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier/Blood-Brain Barriers and Impairing Aβ Clearance in the Liver. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3702-3711. [PMID: 34787833 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental lead exposure is closely related to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous study has shown that exposure to lead could result in the cholesterol unbalance and increase amyloid-beta (Aβ) generation in the brain. However, the potential effect of lead exposure on Aβ transportation is poorly reported. In this study, we sought to explore whether lead exposure in developmental ages impaired the integrity of BCSFB and BBB, two highly vascularized structures in the brain in a rat model. The Aβ clearance in the liver was also assessed. Our results showed that lead treatment in developmental ages increased the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in rat choroid plexus and microvessels. Moreover, lead exposure markedly increased pro-inflammatory factors expression including TNF-α and IL-1β in rat choroid plexus and microvessels. Interestingly, lead treatment increased the expression of AQP-1 and reduced the expression of TTR, two key proteins associated with the functions of choroid plexus and microvessels. Additionally, the expressions of ABCB1, LRP-1, and RAGE, three major receptors responsible for Aβ transportation, were disturbed by developmental lead exposure. All these pathologies resulted in Aβ1-40 deposition within BCSFB and BBB and malfunctions of these two vascularized structures. Finally, we found that lead treatment remarkably inhibited the gene expression of LRP-1, which is responsible for Aβ endocytosis, in the liver tissue of the rat model. Collectively, our results provide the first evidence that developmental lead exposure induces Aβ deposition in BCSFB and BBB and impairs Aβ clearance in the liver, which would ultimately disturb Aβ transportation via choroid plexus/brain microvessels and facilitate Aβ deposition in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xu-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yun-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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15
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Galoppin M, Kari S, Soldati S, Pal A, Rival M, Engelhardt B, Astier A, Thouvenot E. Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac171. [PMID: 35813882 PMCID: PMC9260308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood–brain barrier reducing immune cell trafficking. Vitamin D exerts additional activity within the central nervous system reducing microglial and astrocytic activation. The immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D detected in animal models of multiple sclerosis has suggested its potential therapeutic use for treating multiple sclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects. Based on the current knowledge, we also discuss optimization of therapeutic interventions with Vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as new technologies allowing in-depth analysis of immune cell regulations by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galoppin
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
| | - Saniya Kari
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Arindam Pal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Manon Rival
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| | | | - Anne Astier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
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16
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Noh K, Chow ECY, Quach HP, Groothuis GMM, Tirona RG, Pang KS. Significance of the Vitamin D Receptor on Crosstalk with Nuclear Receptors and Regulation of Enzymes and Transporters. AAPS J 2022; 24:71. [PMID: 35650371 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR), in addition to other nuclear receptors, the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), is involved in the regulation of enzymes, transporters and receptors, and therefore intimately affects drug disposition, tissue health, and the handling of endogenous and exogenous compounds. This review examines the role of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or calcitriol, the natural VDR ligand, on activation of the VDR and its crosstalk with other nuclear receptors towards the regulation of enzymes and transporters, notably many of the cytochrome P450s including CYP3A4 and sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1) as well as cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Moreover, the VDR upregulates the intestinal channel, TRPV6, for calcium absorption, LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in brain for β-amyloid peptide efflux and influx, the sodium phosphate transporters (NaPi), the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and organic solute transporters (OSTα-OSTβ) for bile acid absorption and efflux, respectively, the renal organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) and several of the ATP-binding cassette protein transporters-the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs). Hence, the role of the VDR is increasingly being recognized for its therapeutic potential and pharmacologic activity, giving rise to drug-drug interactions (DDI). Therapeutically, ligand-activated VDR shows anti-inflammatory effects towards the suppression of inflammatory mediators, improves cognition by upregulating amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide clearance in brain, and maintains phosphate, calcium, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) balance and kidney function and bone health, demonstrating the crucial roles of the VDR in disease progression and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keumhan Noh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada.,Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Edwin C Y Chow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada.,Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Holly P Quach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Geny M M Groothuis
- Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Department of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rommel G Tirona
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - K Sandy Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada.
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17
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Raut S, Patel R, Pervaiz I, Al-Ahmad AJ. Abeta Peptides Disrupt the Barrier Integrity and Glucose Metabolism of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:110-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes angiogenesis by alleviating AGEs-induced autophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109041. [PMID: 34560065 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces abnormal angiogenesis and results in multiple chronic vascular complications. Previous studies showed that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) up-regulated in diabetic patients and induced a series of cellular effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), a hormonal form of vitamin D, proved to be beneficial for vascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of 1,25D in angiogenesis in DM remains unclear. Using CCK8 assay and transwell assay, we found that 1,25D could partly ameliorate impaired proliferation and migration ability of endothelial cells (ECs) induced by AGEs (200 μg/mL). Furthermore, tube formation assay, Western blot, and real-time qPCR assay were conducted to demonstrate that AGEs impaired angiogenetic ability, and that angiogenesis-related gene expression (i.e., VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, TGFβ1, MMP2, MMP9) in ECs and 1,25D could promote angiogenesis and angiogenetic markers expression. By using DCFH-DA, ELISA, and Western blot assay, we also found that AGEs-induced oxidative stress impaired angiogenic ability of ECs, and 1,25D alleviated angiogenesis dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress. Of note, AGEs-induced excessive autophagy was found to impair angiogenesis. We elucidated that the detrimental autophagy is modulated by 1,25D and AGEs via PI3K/Akt pathway. Observed together, our findings illustrated that AGEs-induced oxidative stress and autophagy resulted in angiogenic disorder and 1,25D improved angiogenesis by restraining excessive autophagy and oxidative stress, providing a novel insight for the treatment of vascular complications in DM.
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19
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Valle MS, Russo C, Malaguarnera L. Protective role of vitamin D against oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3447. [PMID: 33760363 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. There is much evidence showing that a high level of mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic retina contributes in modifying cellular signalling and leads to retinal cell damage and finally to the development of DR pathogenesis. In the last few decades, it has been reported that vitamin D is involved in DR pathogenesis. Vitamin D, traditionally known as an essential nutrient crucial in bone metabolism, has also been proven to be a very effective antioxidant. It has been demonstrated that it modulates the production of advanced glycosylated end products, as well as several pathways including protein kinase C, the polyol pathway leading to the reduction of free radical formation. It prevents the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B, preventing the inflammatory response, acting as an immunomodulator, and modulates autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D protects the eye from oxidative stress, in order to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation may be useful to mitigate the deleterious effects of free radicals in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella Valle
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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20
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Peng HB, Bukuroshi P, Durk MR, Grootendorst P, Yan X, Pan SR, de Lannoy IAM, Pang KS. Impact of age, hypercholesterolemia, and the vitamin D receptor on brain endogenous β-amyloid peptide accumulation in mice. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2021; 42:372-388. [PMID: 34219248 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Age, hypercholesterolemia, and vitamin D deficiency are risk factors that increase the brain accumulation of pathogenic β-amyloid peptides (40 and 42), precursors leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans. The relative changes accompanying aging, high cholesterol, and/or treatment of calcitriol, active vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand, under normal physiology are unknown. We examined these relative changes in C57BL/6 mice of ages 2, 4-8, and more than 10 months old, which were fed a normal or high fat / high cholesterol diet and treated with calcitriol, active ligand of the vitamin D receptor (0 or 2.5 μg/kg ×4, intraperitoneally, every other day to elicit cholesterol lowering in liver). Aβ40 but not Aβ42 accumulation in brain and lower P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and neprilysin protein expressions for Aβ efflux and degradation, respectively, were found to be associated with aging. But there was no trend for BACE1 (β-secretase 1, a cholesterol-sensitive enzyme) toward Aβ synthesis with age. In response to calcitriol treatment, P-gp was elevated, mitigating partially the age-related changes. Although age-dependent decreasing trends in mRNA expression levels existed for Cyp46a1, the brain cholesterol processing enzyme, whose inhibition increases BACE1 and ApoE to facilitate microglia Aβ degradation, mRNA changes for other cholesterol transporters: Acat1 and Abca1, and brain cholesterol levels remained unchanged. There was no observable change in the mRNA expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the influx (RAGE) and efflux (LRP1) transporters with respect to age, diet, or calcitriol treatment. Overall, aging poses as a risk factor contributing to Aβ accumulation in brain, and VDR-mediated P-gp activation partially alleviates the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Benson Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paola Bukuroshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew R Durk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Grootendorst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sophie R Pan
- InterVivo Solutions Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - K Sandy Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Yavuz U, Alaylıoğlu M, Şengül B, Karras SN, Gezen-Ak D, Dursun E. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 might be involved in the regulation of 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase via vitamin D equilibrium in primary cortical neurons. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:704-714. [PMID: 34338991 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone mediating its functions via vitamin D receptor (VDR) and an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3). From a physiological perspective, there is also a well-established association of cholesterol and vitamin D synthesis, since both share a common metabolic substrate, 7 dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Yet, the potential basic pathways, of the biological interplay of DHCR24 and vitamin D equilibrium, on neuronal level, are yet to be determined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between vitamin D pathways and DHCR24 in primary cortical neuron cultures. The neocortex of Sprague-Dawley rat embryos (E16) was used for the preparation of primary cortical neuron cultures. DHCR24 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent labeling in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated or VDR/PDIA3-silenced primary cortical neurons. The mRNA expression of DHCR24 was significantly decreased in the cortical neurons treated with 10-8M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (p<0.001). In parallel with the mRNA results, DHCR24 protein expression in cortical neurons treated with 10-8M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was also significantly lower than untreated neurons (p<0.05). These data were also confirmed with immunofluorescent labeling and fluorescence intensity measurements of DHCR24 (p<0.001). Finally, DHCR24 mRNA expression level was significantly increased in PDIA3 siRNA-treated neurons (p<0.05). Similar to the mRNA results, the DHCR24 protein expression of PDIA3 siRNA-treated neurons was also statistically higher than the other groups (p<0.05). Results of this mechanistic experimental basic study demonstrate that DHCR24 mRNA expression and protein concentrations attenuated in response to vitamin D treatment. Furthermore, we observed that PDIA3 might be involved in this modulatory effect. Our findings indicate a complex interaction of DHCR24 and vitamin D equilibrium, through the involvement of PDIA3 and vitamin D in the modulation of cholesterol metabolism in neuronal cells, requiring future studies on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaş Yavuz
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Alaylıoğlu
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Şengül
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Duygu Gezen-Ak
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdinç Dursun
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Arévalo NB, Castillo-Godoy DP, Espinoza-Fuenzalida I, Rogers NK, Farias G, Delgado C, Henriquez M, Herrera L, Behrens MI, SanMartín CD. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms with Amyloid-β Transporters Expression and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Chilean Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S283-S297. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) deposition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is due to an imbalance in its production/clearance rate. Aβ is transported across the blood-brain barrier by LRP1 and P-gp as efflux transporters and RAGE as influx transporter. Vitamin D deficit and polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Further, vitamin D promotes the expression of LRP1 and P-gp in AD-animal model brains. Objective: To associate VDR polymorphisms Apa I (rs7975232), Taq I (rs731236), and Fok I (rs2228570) with the risk of developing MCI in a Chilean population, and to evaluate the relationship of these polymorphisms to the expression of VDR and Aβ-transporters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods: VDR polymorphisms Apa I, Taq I, and Fok I were determined in 128 healthy controls (HC) and 66 MCI patients. mRNA levels of VDR and Aβ-transporters were evaluated in subgroups by qPCR. Results: Alleles A of Apa I and C of Taq I were associated with a lower risk of MCI. HC with the Apa I AA genotype had higher mRNA levels of P-gp and LRP1, while the expression of VDR and RAGE were higher in MCI patients and HC. For Fok I, the TC genotype was associated with lower expression levels of Aβ-transporters in both groups. Conclusion: We propose that the response to vitamin D treatment will depend on VDR polymorphisms, being more efficient in carriers of protective alleles of Apa I polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohela B. Arévalo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Nicole K. Rogers
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Farias
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Delgado
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Henriquez
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa Herrera
- Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Behrens
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D. SanMartín
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnologia Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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23
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He Z, Wang G, Wu J, Tang Z, Luo M. The molecular mechanism of LRP1 in physiological vascular homeostasis and signal transduction pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111667. [PMID: 34243608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs) and macrophages (MФ), the major components of blood vessels, play a crucial role in maintaining vascular structural and functional homeostasis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), a transmembrane receptor protein belonging to the LDL receptor family, plays multifunctional roles in maintaining endocytosis, homeostasis, and signal transduction. Accumulating evidence suggests that LRP1 modulates vascular homeostasis mainly by regulating vasoactive substances and specific intracellular signaling pathways, including the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) signaling pathway, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. The aim of the present review is to focus on recent advances in the discovery and mechanism of vascular homeostasis regulated by LRP1-dependent signaling pathways. These recent discoveries expand our understanding of the mechanisms controlling LRP1 as a target for studies on vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zonghao Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mao Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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24
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Meszaros M, Kunos L, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Lazar Z, Bikov A. The Role of Soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071494. [PMID: 33916750 PMCID: PMC8038392 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is related to inflammation and metabolic abnormalities. Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (sLRP-1) is involved in anti-inflammatory and metabolic processes. However, its ligand, calreticulin (CALR) promotes pro-inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Our aim was to analyse the levels of these biomarkers in OSA. We recruited 46 patients with OSA and 30 control subjects. Inpatient sleep study was performed and fasting plasma samples were collected. Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. Plasma sLRP-1 levels were significantly lower in the OSA group compared to the controls (1.67 (0.90–2.11) mg/L vs. 1.99 (1.53–3.51) mg/L; p = 0.04) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and lipid profile. Plasma sLRP-1 concentrations were inversely related to age (r = −0.29), BMI (r = −0.35), cigarette pack years (r = −0.31), LDL-C (r = −0.34) and triglyceride levels (r = −0.27), TyG (r = −0.37) and AIP (r = −0.27) as well as to the oxygen desaturation index (ODI, r = −0.24; all p < 0.05). BMI (p = 0.01) and ODI (p = 0.04) were independent predictors for low sLRP-1 levels. CALR did not differ significantly between the two groups (0.23 (0.17–0.34) ng/mL vs. 0.24 (0.20–0.36) ng/mL p = 0.76). We detected lower sLRP-1 levels in subjects with OSA which could contribute to metabolic abnormalities associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Meszaros
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (L.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Laszlo Kunos
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (L.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Adam Domonkos Tarnoki
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.T.); (D.L.T.)
| | - David Laszlo Tarnoki
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.T.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Zsofia Lazar
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (L.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Andras Bikov
- North West Lung Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1612912493; Fax: +44-1612915730
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25
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Beydoun MA, Ng AE, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Hossain S, Beydoun HA, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Vitamin D status and its longitudinal association with changes in patterns of sleep among middle-aged urban adults. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:858-868. [PMID: 33601729 PMCID: PMC10103179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined relationships of vitamin D status with over time changes in patterns of sleep in a longitudinal study of Whites and African-American urban middle-aged adults, while further testing effect modification by age group, sex and race and the potential roles of dietary and supplemental vitamin D. METHODS Data on 1,760 middle-aged participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS study: Age range at v2: 33-71y, mean±SD:53.0±8.8, % women: 58.4%, % African-American:60.3%) were used, with complete baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum concentration data, initial selected covariates and mediators, and initial and/or follow-up data on five sub-scales (sleep duration, daytime dysfunction, sleep disturbance, sleep latency and sleep quality) of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Mean±SD time between initial and follow-up visits: 4.1±1.5 years. Time-interval multiple mixed-effects linear regression models were used. RESULTS Upon multiple testing adjustment, among Whites, initial 25(OH)D was associated with better sleep duration [25(OH)D × TIME γ±SE: -0.027±0.011, P=0.017] and sleep quality [25(OH)D × TIME γ±SE: -0.026±0.010, P=0.008] over time, with heterogeneity by race found for both relationships (P<0.05 for 25(OH)D × TIME × Race in the un-stratified model). These relationships remained unaltered after further adjustment for dietary and supplemental vitamin D, indicating that this association may be largely explained by sunlight exposure. LIMITATIONS Limitations included small sample size, selection bias, residual confounding and lack of objective sleep measures. Conclusions Vitamin D status, possibly through mechanisms involving sunlight exposure, was linked to a potential improvement in sleep duration and quality among White urban adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Amanda E Ng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park
| | | | - Sharmin Hossain
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD
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26
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Lin GC, Küng E, Smajlhodzic M, Domazet S, Friedl HP, Angerer J, Wisgrill L, Berger A, Bingle L, Peham JR, Neuhaus W. Directed Transport of CRP Across In Vitro Models of the Blood-Saliva Barrier Strengthens the Feasibility of Salivary CRP as Biomarker for Neonatal Sepsis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020256. [PMID: 33673378 PMCID: PMC7917918 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a commonly used serum biomarker for detecting sepsis in neonates. After the onset of sepsis, serial measurements are necessary to monitor disease progression; therefore, a non-invasive detection method is beneficial for neonatal well-being. While some studies have shown a correlation between serum and salivary CRP levels in septic neonates, the causal link behind this correlation remains unclear. To investigate this relationship, CRP was examined in serum and saliva samples from 18 septic neonates and compared with saliva samples from 22 healthy neonates. While the measured blood and saliva concentrations of the septic neonates varied individually, a correlation of CRP levels between serum and saliva samples was observed over time. To clarify the presence of active transport of CRP across the blood–salivary barrier (BSB), transport studies were performed with CRP using in vitro models of oral mucosa and submandibular salivary gland epithelium. The results showed enhanced transport toward saliva in both models, supporting the clinical relevance for salivary CRP as a biomarker. Furthermore, CRP regulated the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the addition of soluble RAGE during the transport studies indicated a RAGE-dependent transport process for CRP from blood to saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C. Lin
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (G.C.L.); (M.S.); (S.D.); (H.P.F.); (J.A.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Erik Küng
- Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (L.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Merima Smajlhodzic
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (G.C.L.); (M.S.); (S.D.); (H.P.F.); (J.A.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Sandra Domazet
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (G.C.L.); (M.S.); (S.D.); (H.P.F.); (J.A.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Heinz P. Friedl
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (G.C.L.); (M.S.); (S.D.); (H.P.F.); (J.A.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Joachim Angerer
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (G.C.L.); (M.S.); (S.D.); (H.P.F.); (J.A.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Lukas Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (L.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (L.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Lynne Bingle
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Broomhall, Sheffield S10 2TG, UK;
| | - Johannes R. Peham
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (G.C.L.); (M.S.); (S.D.); (H.P.F.); (J.A.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (G.C.L.); (M.S.); (S.D.); (H.P.F.); (J.A.); (J.R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-664-8825-6089
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27
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Abdallah IM, Al-Shami KM, Yang E, Kaddoumi A. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Increases Amyloid-Related Pathology in TgSwDI Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031231. [PMID: 33513818 PMCID: PMC7865722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), several studies have reported blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown with compromised function. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are transport proteins localized at the BBB luminal membrane and play an important role in the clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pharmacological inhibition of Aβ efflux transporters on BBB function and Aβ accumulation and related pathology. Recently, we have developed an in vitro high-throughput screening assay to screen for compounds that modulate the integrity of a cell-based BBB model, which identified elacridar as a disruptor of the monolayer integrity. Elacridar, an investigational compound known for its P-gp and BCRP inhibitory effect and widely used in cancer research. Therefore, it was used as a model compound for further evaluation in a mouse model of AD, namely TgSwDI. TgSwDI mouse is also used as a model for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Results showed that P-gp and BCRP inhibition by elacridar disrupted the BBB integrity as measured by increased IgG extravasation and reduced expression of tight junction proteins, increased amyloid deposition due to P-gp, and BCRP downregulation and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) upregulation, increased CAA and astrogliosis. Further studies revealed the effect was mediated by activation of NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, results suggest that BBB disruption by inhibiting P-gp and BCRP exacerbates AD pathology in a mouse model of AD, and indicate that therapeutic drugs that inhibit P-gp and BCRP could increase the risk for AD.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Acridines/administration & dosage
- Acridines/pharmacology
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/pathology
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Animals
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/metabolism
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/administration & dosage
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/pharmacology
- Tight Junctions/metabolism
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28
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Panza F, La Montagna M, Lampignano L, Zupo R, Bortone I, Castellana F, Sardone R, Borraccino L, Dibello V, Resta E, Altamura M, Daniele A, Lozupone M. Vitamin D in the development and progression of alzheimer's disease: implications for clinical management. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:287-301. [PMID: 33406925 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1873768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the pathophysiological bases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain incompletely understood and disease-modifying therapies are not available, intervention on modifiable risk factors is warranted. Research on nutrition and dietary components is challenging and controversies still persist about the role of micro- and macronutrients and health outcomes in dementia. Importantly, results of preclinical investigations have shown that vitamin D triggers different neural pathways that may be protective against these neurodegenerative mechanisms, including the deposition of amyloid plaques, inflammatory processes, neurofibrillary degeneration, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, excessive intraneuronal calcium influx, and oxidative stress, although its relationship with AD still needs to be fully understood. AREAS COVERED The authors analyzed the recent evidence about the effects of vitamin D insufficiency on AD and the role of supplementation. EXPERT OPINION Both insufficient (25-49.9 ng/ml) and deficient levels (<25 ng/ml) of vitamin D may contribute to an increased susceptibility to AD. However, further well-designed prospective studies are needed for a better understanding of the involvement of low vitamin D concentrations in the AD natural history. Randomized clinical trials will also be necessary to address the issue of causality and determine whether vitamin D supplementation may be effective for the prevention or treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- Frailty Phenotypes Research Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Maddalena La Montagna
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luisa Lampignano
- Frailty Phenotypes Research Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Frailty Phenotypes Research Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bortone
- Frailty Phenotypes Research Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Frailty Phenotypes Research Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Frailty Phenotypes Research Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Borraccino
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- Frailty Phenotypes Research Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy.,Department of Orofacial Pain & Dysfunction, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuela Resta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Translational Medicine & Management of Health Systems, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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29
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Zhao Y, Zeng C, Li X, Yang T, Kuang X, Du J. Klotho overexpression improves amyloid-β clearance and cognition in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13239. [PMID: 32964663 PMCID: PMC7576297 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, characterized by the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. We previously reported that Klotho lowered Aβ levels in the brain and protected against cognitive deficits in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1) mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we induced intracerebral Klotho overexpression in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice by injecting lentivirus that carried full-length mouse Klotho cDNA in the lateral ventricle of the brain. We examined the effects of Klotho overexpression on cognition, Aβ burden, Aβ-related neuropathology, microglia transformation, and Aβ transport systems in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the effects of Klotho on Aβ transport at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier by knocking down Klotho in primary human choroid plexus epithelial cells (HCPEpiCs). The upregulation of Klotho levels in the brain and serum significantly ameliorated Aβ burden, neuronal and synaptic loss and cognitive deficits in aged APP/PS1 mice. Klotho treatment significantly inhibited NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and the subsequent transformation of microglia to the M2 type that may enhance microglia-mediated Aβ clearance. Meanwhile, Klotho overexpression also regulated Aβ transporter expression, which may promote Aβ transporter-mediated Aβ clearance. Moreover, the ability of HCPEpiCs to transport Aβ in vitro was also significantly impaired by Klotho knockdown. Given the neuroprotective effect of Klotho overexpression, the present findings suggest that Klotho should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chen‐Ye Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiao‐Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xi Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jun‐Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Salvianolic Acid B improves cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation and decreasing Aβ level in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10117-10128. [PMID: 32516126 PMCID: PMC7346047 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), the pathogen of chronic periodontitis, could cause Aβ accumulation and was identified in the brain of AD patients. Salvianolic Acid B (SalB) has been proven to have the neuroprotective effect. Whether SalB could protect against P. gingivalis-induced cognitive impairment is still unknown. In this study, a P. gingivalis-infected mouse model was employed to study the neuroprotective role of SalB. The results showed that SalB (20 and 40 mg/kg) treatment for 4 weeks could shorten the escape latency and improve the percentage of spontaneous alternation in the P. gingivalis-infected mice. SalB inhibited the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, while increased the levels of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). SalB decreased the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, increased the mRNA levels of bdnf and ngf in the brain of P. gingivalis-infected mice. In addition, SalB obviously decreased the level of Aβ. SalB elevated the protein expression of ADAM10, while downregulated BACE1 and PS1. SalB increased the protein expression of LRP1, while decreased RAGE. In conclusion, SalB could improve cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation and decreasing Aβ level in P. gingivalis-infected mice.
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31
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Alamro AA, Alsulami EA, Almutlaq M, Alghamedi A, Alokail M, Haq SH. Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin D and Curcumin in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer Disease. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2020; 12:1179573520924311. [PMID: 32528227 PMCID: PMC7262829 DOI: 10.1177/1179573520924311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, affecting a
very high proportion of the aging population. Several studies have
demonstrated that one of the main contributors to this disease is oxidative
stress (OS), which causes peroxidation of protein, lipids, and DNA resulting
in the formation of advanced glycosylated end products (AGE) in the brain
tissues. These AGE are usually associated with the amyloid β (Aβ), which
could further aggravate its toxicity and its clearance. Antioxidants
counteract the deterioration caused by OS. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 and curcumin on primary
cortical neuronal cultures exposed to Aβ1-42 toxicity for
different time periods. Methods: Primary cortical neuronal cultures were set up and exposed to
Aβ1-42 for up to 72 hours. Cell viability was studied by
3[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-dipheyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Biochemical assays for OS such as lipid
peroxidation, reduced Glutathione(GSH), Glutathione S-transferase (GST),
catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were conducted. Sandwich
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the neurotrophic
growth factor (NGF) expression. Results: Treatments with Aβ1-42 caused an elevation in lipid peroxidation
products, which were ameliorated in the presence of vitamin D3 and curcumin.
Both enzymatic (GST, catalase, and SOD) and nonenzymatic antioxidants
(reduced GSH) were raised significantly in the presence of vitamin D3 and
curcumin, which resulted in the better recovery of neuronal cells from
Aβ1-42 treatment. Treatment with vitamin D3 and curcumin also
resulted in the upregulation of NGF levels. Conclusions: This study suggests that vitamin D3 and curcumin can be a promising natural
therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Abdullah Alamro
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Atiah Alsulami
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moudhi Almutlaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alghamedi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samina Hyder Haq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Beydoun MA, Shaked D, Hossain S, Beydoun HA, Katzel LI, Davatzikos C, Gullapalli RP, Seliger SL, Erus G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Vitamin D, Folate, and Cobalamin Serum Concentrations Are Related to Brain Volume and White Matter Integrity in Urban Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:140. [PMID: 32523528 PMCID: PMC7261885 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Lower vitamin status has been linked to cognitive deficits, pending mechanistic elucidation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], folate and cobalamin were explored against brain volumes and white matter integrity (WMI). Methods: Two prospective waves from Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were primarily used [Baltimore, City, MD, 2004–2015, N = 183–240 urban adults (Agev1: 30–64 years)]. Serum vitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], folate and cobalamin concentrations were measured at visits 1 (v1: 2004–2009), while structural and diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI/dMRI) outcomes were measured at vscan: 2011–2015. Top 10 ranked adjusted associations were corrected for multiple testing using familywise Bonferroni (FWER < 0.05) and false discovery rates (FDR, q-value < 0.10). Results: We found statistically significant (FWER < 0.05; β±SE) direct associations of 25(OH)D(v1) with WM volumes [overall: +910 ± 336/males: +2,054 ± 599], occipital WM; [overall: +140 ± 40, males: +261 ± 67 and Agev1 > 50 years: +205 ± 54]; parietal WM; [overall: +251 ± 77, males: +486 ± 129 and Agev1 > 50 years: +393 ± 108] and left occipital pole volume [overall: +15.70 ± 3.83 and above poverty: 19.0 ± 4.3]. Only trends were detected for cobalamin exposures (q < 0.10), while serum folate (v1) was associated with lower mean diffusivity (MD) in the Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule (ALIC), reflecting greater WMI, overall, while regional FA (e.g., cingulum gyrus) was associated with greater 25(OH)D concentration. Conclusions: Among urban adults, serum 25(OH)D status was consistently linked to larger occipital and parietal WM volumes and greater region-specific WMI. Pending longitudinal replication of our findings, randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation should be conducted against brain marker outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Danielle Shaked
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, United States
| | - Sharmin Hossain
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephen L Seliger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guray Erus
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, United States.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Gatti L, Tinelli F, Scelzo E, Arioli F, Di Fede G, Obici L, Pantoni L, Giaccone G, Caroppo P, Parati EA, Bersano A. Understanding the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103435. [PMID: 32414028 PMCID: PMC7279405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), one of the main types of cerebral small vessel disease, is a major cause of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage and an important contributor to cognitive decline in elderly patients. Despite the number of experimental in vitro studies and animal models, the pathophysiology of CAA is still largely unknown. Although several pathogenic mechanisms including an unbalance between production and clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein as well as ‘the prion hypothesis’ have been invoked as possible disease triggers, they do not explain completely the disease pathogenesis. This incomplete disease knowledge limits the implementation of treatments able to prevent or halt the clinical progression. The continuous increase of CAA patients makes imperative the development of suitable experimental in vitro or animal models to identify disease biomarkers and new pharmacological treatments that could be administered in the early disease stages to prevent irreversible changes and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Tinelli
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Emma Scelzo
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Paola Caroppo
- Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Eugenio Agostino Parati
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (E.A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0223943310
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34
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Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. Vitamin D and advanced glycation end products and their receptors. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104879. [PMID: 32413483 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are destructive molecules in the body that, at high levels, contribute to the progression of various chronic diseases. Numerous studies have suggested a modifying effect of vitamin D on AGEs and their receptors. This study sought to summarize the effects of vitamin D on AGEs and their receptors, including receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE). The search method initially identified 484 articles; 331 remained after duplicate removal. Thirty-five articles were screened and identified as relevant to the study topic. After critical analysis, 27 articles were included in the final analysis. Vitamin D treatment may possibly be beneficial to reduce AGE levels and to augment sRAGE levels, particularly in vitamin D-deficient situations. Treatment with this vitamin may be effective in reducing RAGE expression in some disease conditions, but might be even harmful under normal conditions. The inhibitory or stimulatory effects of vitamin D on AGE receptors are mediated by various signaling pathways, MAPK/NF-κB, ADAM10/MMP9 and AT1R. In populations with chronic diseases and concomitant hypovitaminosis D, vitamin D supplementation can be used as a strategy to ameliorate AGE-mediated complications by modifying the AGE-RAGE and sRAGE systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Student Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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35
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Noh K, Yang QJ, Sekhon L, Quach HP, Chow ECY, Pang KS. Noteworthy idiosyncrasies of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 kinetics for extrapolation from mouse to man: Commentary. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:126-148. [PMID: 32319119 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3 ] is the active ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that plays a vital role in health and disease. Vitamin D is converted to the relatively inactive metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3 ], by CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 in the liver, then to 1,25(OH)2 D3 by a specific, mitochondrial enzyme, CYP27B1 (1α-hydroxylase) that is present primarily in the kidney. The degradation of both metabolites is mostly carried out by the more ubiquitous mitochondrial enzyme, CYP24A1. Despite the fact that calcitriol inhibits its formation and degradation, allometric scaling revealed strong interspecies correlation of the net calcitriol clearance (CL estimated from dose/AUC∞ ), production rate (PR), and basal, plasma calcitriol concentration with body weight (BW). PBPK-PD (physiologically based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic) modeling confirmed the dynamic interactions between calcitriol and Cyp27b1/Cyp24a1 on the decrease in the PR and increase in CL in mice. Close scrutiny of the literature revealed that basal levels of calcitriol had not been taken into consideration for estimating the correct AUC∞ and CL after exogenous calcitriol dosing in both animals and humans, leading to an overestimation of AUC∞ and underestimation of the plasma CL. In humans, CL was decreased in chronic kidney disease but increased in cancer. Collectively, careful pharmacokinetic data analysis and improved definition are achieved with PBPK-PD modeling, which embellishes the complexity of dose, enzyme regulation, and disease conditions. Allometric scaling and PBPK-PD modeling were applied successfully to extend the PBPK model to predict calcitriol kinetics in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keumhan Noh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Qi Joy Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Lavtej Sekhon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Holly P Quach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Edwin C Y Chow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - K Sandy Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
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36
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Morello M, Pieri M, Zenobi R, Talamo A, Stephan D, Landel V, Féron F, Millet P. The Influence of Vitamin D on Neurodegeneration and Neurological Disorders: A Rationale for its Physio-pathological Actions. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2475-2491. [PMID: 32175837 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316145725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone implicated in the regulation of neuronal integrity and many brain functions. Its influence, as a nutrient and a hormone, on the physiopathology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is continuously emphasized by new studies. This review addresses what is currently known about the action of vitamin D on the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further vitamin D research is necessary to understand how the action of this "neuroactive" steroid can help to optimize the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morello
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Zenobi
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Talamo
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Delphine Stephan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Verena Landel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Millet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France.,Association UNIVI (Agirc-Arrco), 75010 Paris, France.,Hôpital Gériatrique les Magnolias, Ballainvilliers, France
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37
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Yan L, Xie Y, Satyanarayanan SK, Zeng H, Liu Q, Huang M, Ma Y, Wan JB, Yao X, Su KP, Su H. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote brain-to-blood clearance of β-Amyloid in a mouse model with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 85:35-45. [PMID: 31132459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques is one of the typical pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD). Accumulating evidence suggests that the imbalance between Aβ production and clearance leads to extracellular Aβ accumulation in the brain. It is reported that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport plays a predominant role in Aβ clearance from brain to blood. In the present study, we investigated dynamic alterations of BBB transport function in the early disease stage of AD using APPswe/PS1dE9 C57BL/6J (APP/PS1) transgenic mice. Our results showed that the expression of lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1), a main efflux transporter of BBB, started to decrease at the age of 4 months old. Interestingly, supplementing with fish oil which is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) significantly enhanced the expression level of LRP-1 and promoted Aβ clearance from the bran to circulation, as revealed by reduced soluble/insoluble Aβ levels and senile plaques in the brain parenchyma and a corresponding increase of Aβ levels in plasma. Besides, fish oil supplement significantly inhibited the NF-κB activation, reduced the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, and suppressed the glial activation in APP/PS1 mice. The results of the study provide evidence that BBB transport function could be impaired at a very early disease stage, which might contribute to Aβ pathological accumulation in AD, and omega-3 PUFAs intervention could be an effective strategy for the prevention of the progression of AD through promoting Aβ clearance from brain-to-blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Youna Xie
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Haitao Zeng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Miaodan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuemeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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38
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Hypovitaminosis D and Aging: Is There a Role in Muscle and Brain Health? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030628. [PMID: 32121008 PMCID: PMC7146116 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The older-adult population is constantly increasing, hence aging and mechanisms leading to aging are a topic raising increasing interest. Hypovitaminosis D is common amongst old patients and has been proposed as causative of several chronic diseases. Here we review the role of hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D supplementation in sarcopenia and dementia, from bench to bedside.
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39
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Versele R, Corsi M, Fuso A, Sevin E, Businaro R, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Candela P. Ketone Bodies Promote Amyloid-β 1-40 Clearance in a Human in Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E934. [PMID: 32023814 PMCID: PMC7037612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. The pathological process has not yet been clarified, although dysfunctional transport of Aβ across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) appears to be integral to disease development. At present, no effective therapeutic treatment against AD exists, and the adoption of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone body (KB) supplements have been investigated as potential new therapeutic approaches. Despite experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that KBs reduce the Aβ load in the AD brain, little information is available about the effect of KBs on BBB and their effect on Aβ transport. Therefore, we used a human in vitro BBB model, brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs), to investigate the effect of KBs on the BBB and on Aβ transport. Our results show that KBs do not modify BBB integrity and do not cause toxicity to BLECs. Furthermore, the presence of KBs in the culture media was combined with higher MCT1 and GLUT1 protein levels in BLECs. In addition, KBs significantly enhanced the protein levels of LRP1, P-gp, and PICALM, described to be involved in Aβ clearance. Finally, the combined use of KBs promotes Aβ efflux across the BBB. Inhibition experiments demonstrated the involvement of LRP1 and P-gp in the efflux. This work provides evidence that KBs promote Aβ clearance from the brain to blood in addition to exciting perspectives for studying the use of KBs in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Versele
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Mariangela Corsi
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Dip. di Chirurgia “P. Valdoni”, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emmanuel Sevin
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Laurence Fenart
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Pietra Candela
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
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40
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yang G. Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy: Its Role in the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:720-739. [PMID: 31934838 PMCID: PMC7536828 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200114163636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of progressive dementia that is characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ)-containing neuritic plaques and intracellular Tau protein tangles. This distinctive pathology indicates that the protein quality control is compromised in AD. Autophagy functions as a "neuronal housekeeper" that eliminates aberrant protein aggregates by wrapping then into autophagosomes and delivering them to lysosomes for degradation. Several studies have suggested that autophagy deficits in autophagy participate in the accumulation and propagation of misfolded proteins (including Aβ and Tau). In this review, we summarize current knowledge of autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as some pathways targeting the restoration of autophagy. Moreover, we discuss how these aspects can contribute to the development of disease-modifying therapies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guofeng Yang
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China; Tel: +86-311-66636243; E-mail:
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41
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Bassendine MF, Taylor-Robinson SD, Fertleman M, Khan M, Neely D. Is Alzheimer's Disease a Liver Disease of the Brain? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:1-14. [PMID: 32250293 PMCID: PMC7306895 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical specialization is not only a force for progress, but it has also led to the fragmentation of medical knowledge. The focus of research in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurobiology, while hepatologists focus on liver diseases and lipid specialists on atherosclerosis. This article on AD focuses on the role of the liver and lipid homeostasis in the development of AD. Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits accumulate as plaques in the brain of an AD patient long before cognitive decline is evident. Aβ generation is a normal physiological process; the steady-state level of Aβ in the brain is determined by balance between Aβ production and its clearance. We present evidence suggesting that the liver is the origin of brain Aβ deposits and that it is involved in peripheral clearance of circulating Aβ in the blood. Hence the liver could be targeted to decrease Aβ production or increase peripheral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret F. Bassendine
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, UK
| | - Simon D. Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, UK
| | - Michael Fertleman
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Michael Khan
- University of Warwick & University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, UK
| | - Dermot Neely
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Blood Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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42
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Bowman GL, Dodge HH, Guyonnet S, Zhou N, Donohue J, Bichsel A, Schmitt J, Hooper C, Bartfai T, Andrieu S, Vellas B. A blood-based nutritional risk index explains cognitive enhancement and decline in the multidomain Alzheimer prevention trial. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:953-963. [PMID: 31921969 PMCID: PMC6944714 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Multinutrient approaches may produce more robust effects on brain health through interactive qualities. We hypothesized that a blood-based nutritional risk index (NRI) including three biomarkers of diet quality can explain cognitive trajectories in the multidomain Alzheimer prevention trial (MAPT) over 3-years. Methods The NRI included erythrocyte n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and plasma homocysteine. The NRI scores reflect the number of nutritional risk factors (0–3). The primary outcome in MAPT was a cognitive composite Z score within each participant that was fit with linear mixed-effects models. Results Eighty percent had at lease one nutritional risk factor for cognitive decline (NRI ≥1: 573 of 712). Participants presenting without nutritional risk factors (NRI=0) exhibited cognitive enhancement (β = 0.03 standard units [SU]/y), whereas each NRI point increase corresponded to an incremental acceleration in rates of cognitive decline (NRI-1: β = −0.04 SU/y, P = .03; NRI-2: β = −0.08 SU/y, P < .0001; and NRI-3: β = −0.11 SU/y, P = .0008). Discussion Identifying and addressing these well-established nutritional risk factors may reduce age-related cognitive decline in older adults; an observation that warrants further study. Multi-nutrient approaches may produce more robust effects through interactive properties Nutritional risk index can objectively quantify nutrition-related cognitive changes Optimum nutritional status associated with cognitive enhancement over 3-years Suboptimum nutritional status associated with cognitive decline over 3-years Optimizing this nutritional risk index may promote cognitive health in older adults
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene L Bowman
- Department of Nutrition and Brain Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Campus, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology and Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology and Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Neurology and Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Gerontopole, CHU, Toulouse, France.,LEASP UMR1027 INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Nina Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juliana Donohue
- Department of Nutrition and Brain Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Campus, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Bichsel
- Department of Nutrition and Brain Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Campus, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Schmitt
- Clinical Development Unit, Nestle Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudie Hooper
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Gerontopole, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Tamas Bartfai
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- LEASP UMR1027 INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, France.,Department of Public Health, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Gerontopole, CHU, Toulouse, France.,LEASP UMR1027 INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, France
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Liu B, Liu G, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wang G, Lei X, Zhang N, Dong X. Protective Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on Neurovascular Unit in Alzheimer's Disease Cell Model via Inflammation and RAGE/LRP1 Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7813-7825. [PMID: 31625533 PMCID: PMC6820343 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of neurovascular unit of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cell model via RAGE/LRP1 pathway and find a reliable target for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Material/Methods Rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) were cultured in 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The AD model was established by administration of 24 μmol/L amyloid-β peptides 25~35. Different concentrations of BYHWD (0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) were added as the drug intervention. The morphology of the cells was observed by light microscopy and the ultrastructure of the cells was observed by microscopy. The inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Aβ25–35 were detected by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to assess the apoptosis rate. The expressions of RAGE, LRP1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, Apo J, Apo E, and NF-κBp65 were detected by Western blotting. Results The structure of cells in BYHWDM and BYHWDH gradually recovered with increasing dose. BYHWD decreased the apoptotic rate of BMECs induced by Aβ25–35. The cells treated with different concentrations of BYHWD had significant difference in terms of anti-apoptotic effect. The therapeutic effect of BYHWD on AD was via the RAGE/LRP1 and NF-κBp65 pathways. Conclusions BYHWD regulates Aβ metabolism via the RAGE/LRP1 pathway, inhibits vascular endothelial inflammation induced by ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via the NF-κBP65 pathway, and promotes morphological changes induced by Aβ-induced brain microvascular endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yueyang Wang
- College of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Yao
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Guanzhuo Wang
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xia Lei
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland).,College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) was first noted for its ability to prevent the unregulated exchange of substances between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS). Over time, its characterization as an interface that enables regulated exchanges between the CNS and substances that are carried in the blood in a hormone-like fashion have emerged. Therefore, communication between the CNS, BBB and peripheral tissues has many endocrine-like properties. In this Review, I examine the various ways in which the BBB exhibits endocrine-related properties. The BBB is a target for hormones, such as leptin and insulin, that affect many of its functions. The BBB is also a secretory body, releasing substances either into the blood or the interstitial fluid of the brain. The BBB selectively allows classical and non-classical hormones entry to and exit from the CNS, thus allowing the CNS to be both an endocrine target and a secretory tissue. The BBB is affected by endocrine diseases such as diabetes mellitus and can cause or participate in endocrine diseases, including those related to thyroid hormones and obesity. The endocrine-like mechanisms of the BBB can extend the definition of endocrine disease to include neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer disease, and of hormones to include cytokines, triglycerides and fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Fan YG, Guo T, Han XR, Liu JL, Cai YT, Xue H, Huang XS, Li YC, Wang ZY, Guo C. Paricalcitol accelerates BACE1 lysosomal degradation and inhibits calpain-1 dependent neuronal loss in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:393-407. [PMID: 31303501 PMCID: PMC6642335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, and vitamin D supplementation may be effective strategy to ameliorate the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease patients. Paricalcitol (PAL), a low-calcemic vitamin D receptor agonist, is clinically used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, the potential application of PAL for treating neurodegenerative disorders remains unexplored. METHODS The APP/PS1 mice were intraperitoneally injected with PAL or vehicle every other day for 15 weeks. The β-amyloid (Aβ) production was confirmed using immunostaining and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The underlying mechanism was verified by western blot and immunostaining in vivo and in vitro. FINDINGS Long-term PAL treatment clearly reduced β-amyloid (Aβ) generation and neuronal loss in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse brains. PAL stimulated the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) possibly through inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP2); PAL also promoted LRP1-mediated β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) transport to late endosomes, thus increasing the lysosomal degradation of BACE1. Furthermore, PAL diminished 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) generation in neuronal mitochondria via enhancing base excision repair (BER), resulting in the attenuation of calpain-1-mediated neuronal loss. INTERPRETATION The present data demonstrate that PAL can reduce Aβ generation through accelerating BACE1 lysosomal degradation and can inhibit neuronal loss through suppressing mitochondrial 8-OHdG generation. Hence, PAL might be a promising agent for treating Alzheimer's disease. FUND: This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (U1608282).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Tian Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Han
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Jun-Lin Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yu-Ting Cai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Han Xue
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xue-Shi Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yan-Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China.
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Amyloid Peptide β1-42 Induces Integrin αIIb β3 Activation, Platelet Adhesion, and Thrombus Formation in a NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Manner. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1050476. [PMID: 31007831 PMCID: PMC6441506 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1050476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The progression of Alzheimer's dementia is associated with neurovasculature impairment, which includes inflammation, microthromboses, and reduced cerebral blood flow. Here, we investigate the effects of β amyloid peptides on the function of platelets, the cells driving haemostasis. Amyloid peptide β1-42 (Aβ1-42), Aβ1-40, and Aβ25-35 were tested in static adhesion experiments, and it was found that platelets preferentially adhere to Aβ1-42 compared to other Aβ peptides. In addition, significant platelet spreading was observed over Aβ1-42, while Aβ1-40, Aβ25-35, and the scAβ1-42 control did not seem to induce any platelet spreading, which suggested that only Aβ1-42 activates platelet signalling in our experimental conditions. Aβ1-42 also induced significant platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in whole blood under venous flow condition, while other Aβ peptides did not. The molecular mechanism of Aβ1-42 was investigated by flow cytometry, which revealed that this peptide induces a significant activation of integrin αIIbβ3, but does not induce platelet degranulation (as measured by P-selectin membrane translocation). Finally, Aβ1-42 treatment of human platelets led to detectable levels of protein kinase C (PKC) activation and tyrosine phosphorylation, which are hallmarks of platelet signalling. Interestingly, the NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor VAS2870 completely abolished Aβ1-42-dependent platelet adhesion in static conditions, thrombus formation in physiological flow conditions, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and tyrosine- and PKC-dependent platelet signalling. In summary, this study highlights the importance of NOXs in the activation of platelets in response to amyloid peptide β1-42. The molecular mechanisms described in this manuscript may play an important role in the neurovascular impairment observed in Alzheimer's patients.
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Merhi Z. Crosstalk between advanced glycation end products and vitamin D: A compelling paradigm for the treatment of ovarian dysfunction in PCOS. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 479:20-26. [PMID: 30170183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Women with PCOS have elevated levels of the harmful advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and low serum levels of vitamin D. AGEs and their receptors may contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS and its metabolic and reproductive consequences. On the other hand, vitamin D might improve PCOS phenotype and could alleviate the detrimental effects of AGEs. A literature review using PubMed was performed. Critical analysis was carried out for articles pertaining to: 1) the role of AGEs and their receptors in the pathophysiology of PCOS, in particular ovarian dysfunction, and 2) the action of vitamin D in attenuating the adverse effects of AGEs in women with PCOS at both the serum and the cellular levels. Data from in vitro experiments, animal models, and human studies provide compelling evidence that AGEs and their receptors may contribute to the pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction in PCOS. The actions of AGEs in PCOS might be attenuated and/or reversed by the presence or supplementation of vitamin D. Once a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between AGEs and vitamin D is established, this knowledge might contribute to the subsequent development of new-targeted pharmacological therapies for improving ovarian health in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Merhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, 4 Columbus Circle, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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Merhi Z. Vitamin D attenuates the effect of advanced glycation end products on anti-Mullerian hormone signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 479:87-92. [PMID: 30253183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, VD3) in vitro attenuates the effect of the pro-inflammatory advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells (GCs) by downregulating the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). It has been shown that VD3 alone downregulates anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) type 2 receptor (AMHR-2) gene expression and suppresses AMH-induced SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation in granulosa cells. However, the effect of AGEs, in the absence or presence of VD3, on AMH action in GCs has not been studied. Using human GCs, this study showed that human glycated albumin (HGA), an in vitro representative for AGEs, upregulated AMHR-2 mRNA but did not alter AMH mRNA expression levels. VD3 inhibited the HGA-induced increase in AMHR-2 mRNA expression levels. In KGN granulosa cell line, recombinant AMH induced SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation. HGA augmented the recombinant AMH-induced SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation while the addition of VD3 to HGA attenuated the recombinant AMH-induced SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation. Thus, AGEs could potentially affect folliculogenesis as reflected by changes in AMH signaling. These findings have significant implications for women with polycystic ovary syndrome who have significantly elevated serum and ovarian AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Merhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Omidian M, Djalali M, Javanbakht MH, Eshraghian MR, Abshirini M, Omidian P, Alvandi E, Mahmoudi M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on advanced glycation end products signaling pathway in T2DM patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind clinical trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:86. [PMID: 31673295 PMCID: PMC6814978 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several researches have recommended vitamin D possible health benefits on diabetic complications development, but a few number of studies have been accomplished on the molecular and cellular mechanisms. Certain cellular pathways modification and also some transcription factors activation may protect cells from hyperglycemia condition induced damages. This study purpose was to determine the vitamin D supplementation effect on some key factors [advanced glycation end products (AGEs) signaling pathway] that were involved in the diabetic complications occurrence and progression for type-2 diabetes participants. METHODOLOGY 48 type-2 diabetic patients (T2DM) randomly divided into two groups (n = 24 per group), receiving: 100-µg vitamin D or placebo for 3 months. At this study beginning and the end, the receptor expression for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and glyoxalase I (GLO1) enzyme from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and AGEs and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) serum levels were measured by the use of real-time PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. RESULTS This study results demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation could down-regulate RAGE mRNA [fold change = 0.72 in vitamin D vs. 0.95 in placebo) P = 0.001)]. In addition, no significant changes were observed for GLO1 enzyme expression (P = 0.06). This study results also indicated that vitamin D serum level significantly increased in vitamin D group (P < 0.001). Moreover, AGES and TNF-α serum levels significantly reduced in vitamin D group, but they were remained unchanged in the placebo group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, vascular complications are more frequent in diabetic patients, and vitamin D treatment may prevent or delay the complications onset in these patients by AGEs serum level and RAGE gene expression reducing.Trial registration NCT03008057. Registered December 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Omidian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poorsina Street, Enghelab Avenue, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poorsina Street, Enghelab Avenue, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poorsina Street, Enghelab Avenue, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abshirini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Omidian
- Rasoul Akram Complex Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Alvandi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poorsina Street, Enghelab Avenue, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poorsina Street, Enghelab Avenue, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
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Page S, Patel R, Raut S, Al-Ahmad A. Neurological diseases at the blood-brain barrier: Stemming new scientific paradigms using patient-derived induced pluripotent cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1866:165358. [PMID: 30593893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a component of the neurovascular unit formed by specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) surrounded by a specific basement membrane interacting with astrocytes, neurons, and pericytes. The BBB plays an essential function in the maintenance of brain homeostasis, by providing a physical and chemical barrier against pathogens and xenobiotics. Although the disruption of the BBB occurs with several neurological disorders, the scarcity of patient material source and lack of reliability of current in vitro models hindered our ability to model the BBB during such neurological conditions. The development of novel in vitro models based on patient-derived stem cells opened new venues in modeling the human BBB in vitro, by being more accurate than existing in vitro models, but also bringing such models closer to the in vivo setting. In addition, patient-derived models of the BBB opens the avenue to address the contribution of genetic factors commonly associated with certain neurological diseases on the BBB pathophysiology. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the BBB, the current development of stem cell-based models in the field, the current challenges and limitations of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyanne Page
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Ronak Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Snehal Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Abraham Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America.
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