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Richmond-Hacham B, Tseitlin L, Bikovski L, Pick CG. Investigation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Home Cage Behavior: The Home Cage Assay Advantages. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:e1780-e1792. [PMID: 38517091 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study utilized the Noldus PhenoTyper Home Cage Monitoring system (HCM) to assess the behavioral and cognitive changes of experimental closed-head mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Seventy-nine adult male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were subjected to either a sham procedure or closed-head mTBI using the weight-drop model. Seven days post-injury, separate cohorts of mice underwent either a non-cognitive or a cognitive home cage assessment, a treadmill fatigue test, or the Open Field Test. mTBI significantly influenced habituation behavior and circadian wheel-running activity. Notably, mTBI mice exhibited an increased frequency of visits to the running wheel, but each visit was shorter than those of controls. No significant differences between the groups in discrimination or reversal learning performance were observed. However, during the reversal learning stage, mTBI mice performed similarly to their initial discrimination learning levels, suggesting an abnormally faster rate of reversal learning. Home cage monitoring is a valuable tool for studying the subtle effects of mTBI, complementing traditional assays. The automated evaluation of habituation to novel stimuli (e.g., novel environment) could serve as a potentially sensitive tool for assessing mTBI-associated behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Richmond-Hacham
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Tseitlin
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Bikovski
- Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Chair and Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Schenk S, Horsfield JA, Dwoskin L, Johnson SL. Methamphetamine effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) depend on behavioral endpoint, dose and test session duration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 240:173777. [PMID: 38670467 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Research using zebrafish (Danio rerio) has begun to provide novel information in many fields, including the behavioral pharmacology of drug use and misuse. There have been limited studies on the effects of methamphetamine in adult zebrafish and the parameters of exposure (dose, test session length) have not been well-documented. Behavior following drug exposure is generally measured during relatively short sessions (6-10 min is common) in a novel tank environment. Many procedural variables (isolation, netting, novel tank) elicit anxiety-like behavior that is most apparent during the initial portion of a test session. This anxiety-like behavior might mask the initial effects of methamphetamine. During longer test sessions, these anxiety-like responses would be expected to habituate and drug effects should become more apparent. To test this idea, we measured several locomotor activity responses for 50-min following a range of methamphetamine doses (0.1-3.0 mg/L via immersion in methamphetamine solution). Methamphetamine failed to alter swimming velocity, distance travelled, or freezing time. In contrast, methamphetamine produced a dose-dependent decrease in time spent in the bottom of the tank, an increase in the number of visits to the top of the tank, and an increase in the number of transitions along the sides of the tank. The effects of methamphetamine were apparent 10-20 min following exposure and generally persisted throughout the session. These findings indicate that longer test sessions are required to measure methamphetamine-induced changes in behavior in zebrafish, as has been shown in other laboratory animals. The results also suggest that anxiety-like responses associated with various procedural aspects (netting, isolation, novel test apparatus) likely interfere with the ability to observe many behavioral effects of methamphetamine in zebrafish. Based on the current results, habituation to testing procedures to reduce anxiety-like behaviors is recommended in determining the effects of methamphetamine in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Schenk
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Linda Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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3
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Totten MS, Howell JM, Tomberlin JA, Erikson KM. Relationship Between a High-Fat Diet, Reduced Mobility, and Trace Element Overload in the Olfactory Bulbs of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3215-3224. [PMID: 37864044 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of trace elements in the brain, which can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, has been associated with disease and compromised mobility. Research regarding trace elements and motor function has focused mainly on the basal ganglia, but few studies have examined the olfactory bulb in this context. Diets high in fat have been shown to have consequences of dysregulated iron and manganese in the brain and disrupted motor activity. The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between mobility and trace element disruption in the olfactory bulb in male and female C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice fed a high-fat diet. Mobility was significantly reduced in male C57BL/6Js, but the correlation between iron and manganese in the olfactory bulb with velocity, distance travelled, and habituation was not statistically significant. However, there appears to be an overall pattern of a high-fat diet having a statistically significant impact individually on elevated iron and manganese in the olfactory bulb, reduced velocity, reduced distance travelled, and reduced habituation mainly in the male C57BL/6J strain. We found similar trends within the scientific literature to suggest that dysregulated trace element status in the olfactory bulb may be related to motor function in both humans and animals and that males may be more susceptible to the negative outcomes. Our findings contribute new information regarding the impact of diet on the brain, behavior, and potential connection between trace element dysregulation in the olfactory bulb with mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Totten
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Salem College, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jenna M Howell
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Salem College, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Keith M Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Mamczarz J, Lane M, Merchenthaler I. Letrozole delays acquisition of water maze task in female BALB/c mice: Possible involvement of anxiety. Horm Behav 2024; 162:105524. [PMID: 38513526 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor preventing estrogen synthesis from testosterone, is used as an adjuvant therapy in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients. However, like other aromatase inhibitors, it induces many side effects, including impaired cognition. Despite its negative effect in humans, results from animal models are inconsistent and suggest that letrozole can either impair or improve cognition. Here, we studied the effects of chronic letrozole treatment on cognitive behavior of adult female BALB/c mice, a relevant animal model for breast cancer studies, to develop an appropriate animal model aimed at testing therapies to mitigate side effects of letrozole. In Morris water maze, letrozole 0.1 mg/kg impaired reference learning and memory. Interestingly, most of the letrozole 0.1 mg/kg-treated mice were able to learn the new platform position in reversal training and performed similar to control mice in a reversal probe test. Results of the reversal test suggest that letrozole did not completely disrupt spatial navigation, but rather delayed acquisition of spatial information. The delay might be related to increased anxiety as suggested by increased thigmotactic behavior during the reference memory training. The learning impairment was water maze-specific since we did not observe impairment in other spatial tasks such as in Y-maze or object location test. In contrast, the dose of 0.3 mg/kg did not have effect on water maze learning and facilitated locomotor habituation and recognition in novel object recognition test. The current study shows that letrozole dose-dependently modulates behavioral response and that its effects are task-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Mamczarz
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America.
| | - Malcolm Lane
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Istvan Merchenthaler
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
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Turner JG, Manker JR. Noise as an Extrinsic Variable in the Animal Research Facility. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2024; 63:209-220. [PMID: 38749659 PMCID: PMC11193427 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-24-000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Animal research facilities are noisy environments. The high air change rates required in animal housing spaces tend to create higher noise levels from the heating and cooling systems. Housing rooms are typically constructed of hard wall material that is easily cleaned but simultaneously highly reverberant, meaning that the sound cannot be controlled/attenuated so the sounds that are generated bounce around the room uncontrolled. (Soft, sound-absorbing surfaces generally cannot be used in animal facilities because they collect microbes; various wall surface features and sound control panel options are available, although rarely used.) In addition, many of our husbandry tasks such as cage changing, animal health checks, cleaning, and transporting animals produce high levels of noise. Finally, much of the equipment we have increasingly employed in animal housing spaces, such as ventilated caging motors, biosafety, or procedure cabinets, can generate high levels of background noise, including ultrasound. These and many additional factors conspire to create an acoustic environment that is neither naturalistic nor conducive to a stress-free environment. The acoustic variability both within and between institutions can serve as an enormous confounder for research studies and a threat to our ability to reproduce studies over time and between research laboratories. By gaining a better appreciation for the acoustic variables, paired with transparency in reporting the levels, we might be able to gain a better understanding of their impacts and thereby gain some level of control over such acoustic variables in the animal housing space. The result of this could improve both animal welfare and study reproducibility, helping to address our 3Rs goals of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement in the animal biomedical research enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R Manker
- Turner Scientific Monitoring, Jacksonville, Illinois
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Mitra A, Deats SP, Dickson PE, Zhu J, Gardin J, Nieman BJ, Henkelman RM, Tsai NP, Chesler EJ, Zhang ZW, Kumar V. Tmod2 Is a Regulator of Cocaine Responses through Control of Striatal and Cortical Excitability and Drug-Induced Plasticity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1389232024. [PMID: 38508714 PMCID: PMC11063827 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1389-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse induce neuroadaptations, including synaptic plasticity, that are critical for transition to addiction, and genes and pathways that regulate these neuroadaptations are potential therapeutic targets. Tropomodulin 2 (Tmod2) is an actin-regulating gene that plays an important role in synapse maturation and dendritic arborization and has been implicated in substance abuse and intellectual disability in humans. Here, we mine the KOMP2 data and find that Tmod2 knock-out mice show emotionality phenotypes that are predictive of addiction vulnerability. Detailed addiction phenotyping shows that Tmod2 deletion does not affect the acute locomotor response to cocaine administration. However, sensitized locomotor responses are highly attenuated in these knock-outs, indicating perturbed drug-induced plasticity. In addition, Tmod2 mutant animals do not self-administer cocaine indicating lack of hedonic responses to cocaine. Whole-brain MR imaging shows differences in brain volume across multiple regions, although transcriptomic experiments did not reveal perturbations in gene coexpression networks. Detailed electrophysiological characterization of Tmod2 KO neurons showed increased spontaneous firing rate of early postnatal and adult cortical and striatal neurons. Cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity that is critical for sensitization is either missing or reciprocal in Tmod2 KO nucleus accumbens shell medium spiny neurons, providing a mechanistic explanation of the cocaine response phenotypes. Combined, these data, collected from both males and females, provide compelling evidence that Tmod2 is a major regulator of plasticity in the mesolimbic system and regulates the reinforcing and addictive properties of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiuhe Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | | | - Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre and Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - R Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre and Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Nien-Pei Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | | | | | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
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Vilar-Pereira G, Gibaldi D, Castaño-Barrios L, da Silva AA, Resende Pereira I, Cruz Moreira O, Britto C, Mata dos Santos HA, de Oliveira Lopes R, Wanderley Tinoco L, Oliveira W, Lannes-Vieira J. The beneficial effect of fluoxetine on behavioral and cognitive changes in chronic experimental Chagas disease unveils the role of serotonin fueling astrocyte infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012199. [PMID: 38776344 PMCID: PMC11149870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the development of mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and memory loss may be underpinned by social, psychological, and biological stressors. Here, we investigated biological factors underlying behavioral changes in a preclinical model of CD. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In T. cruzi-infected C57BL/6 mice, a kinetic study (5 to 150 days postinfection, dpi) using standardized methods revealed a sequential onset of behavioral changes: reduced innate compulsive behavior, followed by anxiety and depressive-like behavior, ending with progressive memory impairments. Hence, T. cruzi-infected mice were treated (120 to 150 dpi) with 10 mg/Kg/day of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (Fx), an antidepressant that favors neuroplasticity. Fx therapy reversed the innate compulsive behavior loss, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior while preventing or reversing memory deficits. Biochemical, histological, and parasitological analyses of the brain tissue showed increased levels of the neurotransmitters GABA/glutamate and lipid peroxidation products and decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the absence of neuroinflammation at 150 dpi. Fx therapy ameliorated the neurochemical changes and reduced parasite load in the brain tissue. Next, using the human U-87 MG astroglioma cell line, we found no direct effect of Fx on parasite load. Crucially, serotonin/5-HT (Ser/5-HT) promoted parasite uptake, an effect increased by prior stimulation with IFNγ and TNF but abrogated by Fx. Also, Fx blocked the cytokine-driven Ser/5-HT-promoted increase of nitric oxide and glutamate levels in infected cells. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE We bring the first evidence of a sequential onset of behavioral changes in T. cruzi-infected mice. Fx therapy improves behavioral and biological changes and parasite control in the brain tissue. Moreover, in the central nervous system, cytokine-driven Ser/5-HT consumption may favor parasite persistence, disrupting neurotransmitter balance and promoting a neurotoxic environment likely contributing to behavioral and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gibaldi
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leda Castaño-Barrios
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Alice da Silva
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacílio Cruz Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hílton Antônio Mata dos Santos
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análise e Desenvolvimento de Inibidores Enzimáticos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Oliveira Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (LAMAR), Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais (IPPN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luzineide Wanderley Tinoco
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (LAMAR), Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais (IPPN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilson Oliveira
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE)/Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Leite Junior JB, de Mello Bastos JM, Dias FRC, Samuels RI, Carey RJ, Carrera MP. A partial habituation method to test for anterograde and retrograde amnestic treatment effects: Evidence that antagonism of the NMDA receptor can induce anterograde but not retrograde amnestic effects. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 404:110072. [PMID: 38307259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in spontaneous locomotion with repeated exposure to a novel environment has been assessed using both within and between-session measures. While both are well-established and reliable measurements, neither are useful alone as methods to concurrently assess treatment effects on acquisition and retention of habituation. NEW METHOD We report a behavioral method that measures habituation by combining the within and between measurements of locomotion. We used a 30 min session divided into 6 five min blocks. In the first novel environment session activity was maximal in the first 5 min block but was reduced to a low level by the sixth block, indicative of within-session habituation. Using 8 daily sessions, we showed that this terminal block low level of activity progressed incrementally to the first block to achieve complete habituation. RESULTS/COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Within-session activity across sessions was used to identify different stages of between session habituation. It was then possible to assess drug treatment effects from partial to complete habituation, so that treatment effects on retention of the previously acquired partial habituation, expressed as a reversion to an earlier within session habituation pattern (retrograde amnesia assessment), as well as the effects on new learning by the failure in subsequent sessions to acquire complete between-session habituation (anterograde amnesia assessment). CONCLUSIONS The use of spontaneous motor activity to assess learning and memory effects provides the opportunity to assess direct treatment effects on behavior and motor activity in contrast to many learning and memory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Barbosa Leite Junior
- Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Laboratory of Animal Morphology and Pathology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Marcos de Mello Bastos
- Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Laboratory of Animal Morphology and Pathology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia Regina Cruz Dias
- Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Laboratory of Animal Morphology and Pathology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Richard Ian Samuels
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Robert J Carey
- Department of Psychiatry SUNY Upstate Medical University, 800 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Marinete Pinheiro Carrera
- Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Laboratory of Animal Morphology and Pathology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil.
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Volk Robertson K, Schleh MW, Harrison FE, Hasty AH. Microglial-specific knockdown of iron import gene, Slc11a2, blunts LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in a sex-specific manner. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:370-384. [PMID: 38141840 PMCID: PMC10874246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and microglial iron load are significant hallmarks found in several neurodegenerative diseases. In in vitro systems, microglia preferentially upregulate the iron importer, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1, gene name Slc11a2) in response to inflammatory stimuli, and it has been shown that iron can augment cellular inflammation, suggesting a feed-forward loop between mechanisms involved in iron import and inflammatory signaling. However, it is not understood how microglial iron import mechanisms contribute to inflammation in vivo, or whether altering a microglial iron-related gene affects the inflammatory response. These studies aimed to determine the effect of knocking down microglial iron import gene Slc11a2 on the inflammatory response in vivo. We generated a novel model of tamoxifen-inducible, microglial-specific Slc11a2 knockdown using Cx3cr1Cre-ERT2 mice. Transgenic male and female mice were administered intraperitoneal saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and assessed for sickness behavior post-injection. Plasma cytokines and microglial bulk RNA sequencing (RNASeq) analyses were performed at 4 h post-LPS, and microglia were collected for gene expression analysis after 24 h. A subset of mice was assessed in a behavioral test battery following LPS-induced sickness recovery. Control male, but not female, mice significantly upregulated microglial Slc11a2 at 4 and 24 h following LPS. In Slc11a2 knockdown mice, we observed an improvement in the acute behavioral sickness response post-LPS in male, but not female, animals. Microglia from male, but not female, knockdown animals exhibited a significant decrease in LPS-provoked pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after 24 h. RNASeq data from male knockdown microglia 4 h post-LPS revealed a robust downregulation in inflammatory genes including Il6, Tnfα, and Il1β, and an increase in anti-inflammatory and homeostatic markers (e.g., Tgfbr1, Cx3cr1, and Trem2). This corresponded with a profound decrease in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines 4 h post-LPS. At 4 h, male knockdown microglia also upregulated expression of markers of iron export, iron recycling, and iron homeostasis and decreased iron storage and import genes, along with pro-oxidant markers such as Cybb, Nos2, and Hif1α. Overall, this work elucidates how manipulating a specific gene involved in iron import in microglia alters acute inflammatory signaling and overall cell activation state in male mice. These data highlight a sex-specific link between a microglial iron import gene and the pro-inflammatory response to LPS in vivo, providing further insight into the mechanisms driving neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Volk Robertson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael W Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Popović N, Baño-Otalora B, Rol MÁ, Venero C, Madrid JA, Popović M. Effects of long-term individual housing of middle-aged female Octodon degus on spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze task. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1221090. [PMID: 37600762 PMCID: PMC10435294 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1221090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prolonged social isolation is a form of passive chronic stress that has consequences on human and animal behavior. The present study was undertaken to elucidate whether the long-term isolation would precipitate age-related changes in anxiety and spatial learning and memory in degus. Methods We investigated the effects of long-term social isolation on anxiety levels in the light-dark test, and spatial orientation abilities in the Barnes maze. Middle-aged female Octodon degus were allocated to either group-housed (3 animals per cage) or individually-housed for 5 months. Results Under this experimental condition, there were no significant group differences in the anxiety level tested in the light-dark test and in the motivation to escape from the Barnes maze. There were no significant differences in cortisol levels between individually- and group-housed animals. On the last acquisition training day of spatial learning, individually- housed animals had a significantly higher number of correct responses and a smaller number of reference and working memory errors than the group-housed animals. In addition, isolated animals showed a tendency for reference and working memory impairment on the retention trial, while group-housed degus showed improvement in these parameters. Discussion and conclusion The present study indicates that prolonged social isolation during adulthood in female degus has a dual effect on spatial orientation. Specifically, it results in a significant improvement in acquisition skills but a slight impairment in memory retention. The obtained cognitive changes were not accompanied by modification in anxiety and cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Baño-Otalora
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Rol
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Venero
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Mixto de Investigación–Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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11
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Smith S, Hopp SC. The 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease displays age-dependent deficits in habituation to a novel environment. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100078. [PMID: 37333676 PMCID: PMC10275951 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Habituation is a form of learning characterized by a decrement in responsiveness to a stimulus that is repeated or prolonged. In rodents, habituation to a novel environment is characterized by a decrease in locomotion over time spent in a novel environment. Habituation to a novel environment is dependent on hippocampal function, suggesting that habituation behavior may be a relevant readout for hippocampal-dependent memory deficits that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current assays that measure hippocampal-dependent memory in preclinical animal models of AD have not accurately predicted the cognitive protection of novel interventions in human trials. Here, we tested whether a behavioral habituation paradigm could detect age-associated changes in a common preclinical mouse model of AD-like amyloid pathology, the 5XFAD mouse. We exposed 5XFAD mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) littermates at 3, 6, and 9 months of age to a novel environment over two sessions separated by 24 h and measured their locomotion. WT mice habituated to the novel environment over time, while 5XFAD mice displayed age-dependent deficits in behavioral habituation. We replicated our results using publicly available open field data from 5XFAD and late-onset AD mouse models with TREM2*R47H and APOE4 mutations. Overall, we present behavioral habituation as a potentially sensitive task to assess age-associated behavioral deficits in 5XFAD mice and other mouse models of AD that could be used to test the preclinical efficacy of novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Smith
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sarah C. Hopp
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
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12
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Chemogenetic activation of VGLUT3-expressing neurons decreases movement. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175298. [PMID: 36198338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are responsible for the storage of glutamate into secretory vesicles. The VGLUT3 isoform is mainly expressed in neurons that secrete other classical neurotransmitters, including the cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, and VGLUT3-expressing neurons often secrete two distinct neurotransmitters. VGLUT3 is discretely distributed throughout the brain and is found in subpopulations of spinal cord interneurons, in subset of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion, and in Merkel cells. Mice with a global loss of VGLUT3 are hyperactive and the modulation of specific VGLUT3-expressing circuits can lead to changes in movement. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increased activity of VGLUT3-expressing neurons is associated with decreased movement. Using a mouse line expressing excitatory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (hM3Dq-DREADD) on VGLUT3-expressing neurons, we showed that activation of hM3Dq signalling acutely decreased locomotor activity. This decreased locomotion was likely not due to circuit changes mediated by glutamate nor acetylcholine released from VGLUT3-expressing neurons, as activation of hM3Dq signalling in mice that do not release glutamate or acetylcholine from VGLUT3-expressing neurons also decreased locomotor activity. This suggests that other neurotransmitters are likely driving this hypoactive phenotype. We used these mouse lines to compare the effects of DREADD agonists in vivo. We observed that clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), clozapine, compound 21 and perlapine show small differences in the speed at which they prompt behavioural responses but the four of them are selective DREADD ligands.
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13
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Blok LER, Boon M, van Reijmersdal B, Höffler KD, Fenckova M, Schenck A. Genetics, molecular control and clinical relevance of habituation learning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104883. [PMID: 36152842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Habituation is the most fundamental form of learning. As a firewall that protects our brain from sensory overload, it is indispensable for cognitive processes. Studies in humans and animal models provide increasing evidence that habituation is affected in autism and related monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). An integrated application of habituation assessment in NDDs and their animal models has unexploited potential for neuroscience and medical care. With the aim to gain mechanistic insights, we systematically retrieved genes that have been demonstrated in the literature to underlie habituation. We identified 258 evolutionarily conserved genes across species, describe the biological processes they converge on, and highlight regulatory pathways and drugs that may alleviate habituation deficits. We also summarize current habituation paradigms and extract the most decisive arguments that support the crucial role of habituation for cognition in health and disease. We conclude that habituation is a conserved, quantitative, cognition- and disease-relevant process that can connect preclinical and clinical work, and hence is a powerful tool to advance research, diagnostics, and treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elisabeth Rosalie Blok
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marina Boon
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Boyd van Reijmersdal
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Kira Daniela Höffler
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michaela Fenckova
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Muhia M, YuanXiang P, Sedlacik J, Schwarz JR, Heisler FF, Gromova KV, Thies E, Breiden P, Pechmann Y, Kreutz MR, Kneussel M. Muskelin regulates actin-dependent synaptic changes and intrinsic brain activity relevant to behavioral and cognitive processes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:589. [PMID: 35705737 PMCID: PMC9200775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Muskelin (Mkln1) is implicated in neuronal function, regulating plasma membrane receptor trafficking. However, its influence on intrinsic brain activity and corresponding behavioral processes remains unclear. Here we show that murine Mkln1 knockout causes non-habituating locomotor activity, increased exploratory drive, and decreased locomotor response to amphetamine. Muskelin deficiency impairs social novelty detection while promoting the retention of spatial reference memory and fear extinction recall. This is strongly mirrored in either weaker or stronger resting-state functional connectivity between critical circuits mediating locomotor exploration and cognition. We show that Mkln1 deletion alters dendrite branching and spine structure, coinciding with enhanced AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission but selective impairment in synaptic potentiation maintenance. We identify muskelin at excitatory synapses and highlight its role in regulating dendritic spine actin stability. Our findings point to aberrant spine actin modulation and changes in glutamatergic synaptic function as critical mechanisms that contribute to the neurobehavioral phenotype arising from Mkln1 ablation. A murine muskelin knockout induces increased exploratory drive and alters cognition and functional connectivity. These effects correlate with actin-dependent changes in dendritic branching, spine structure, and AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Muhia
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - PingAn YuanXiang
- RG Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sedlacik
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jürgen R Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank F Heisler
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kira V Gromova
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edda Thies
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Breiden
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pechmann
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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Castaño BL, Silva AA, Hernandez-Velasco LL, Pinheiro APDS, Gibaldi D, Mineo JR, Silva NM, Lannes-Vieira J. Sulfadiazine Plus Pyrimethamine Therapy Reversed Multiple Behavioral and Neurocognitive Changes in Long-Term Chronic Toxoplasmosis by Reducing Brain Cyst Load and Inflammation-Related Alterations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822567. [PMID: 35572567 PMCID: PMC9091718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infects one-third of the world population. For decades, it has been considered a silent lifelong infection. However, chronically T. gondii-infected persons may present psychiatric and neurocognitive changes as anxiety, depression, and memory loss. In a model of long-term chronic infection, behavioral alterations parallel neuroinflammation and systemic high cytokine levels, and may reflect brain cyst load. Recent findings support that in chronic infection an active parasite-host interplay involves an immune-mediated control of tissue cysts. Here, we tested the idea that etiological treatment in chronic phase may add advantage to intrinsic immune-mediated cyst control and impact behavioral changes. Thus, we combined sulfadiazine-plus-pyrimethamine (S+P), the first-choice therapy for toxoplasmosis, to study the association of brain cyst load and biological processes related to the immune response (neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier -BBB- disruption and serum cytokine levels), with behavioral and neurocognitive changes of long-term chronic infection. Female C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) were infected (5 cysts, ME-49 strain) and treated with S+P from 30 to 60 days postinfection (dpi), compared with vehicle (Veh)-treated and noninfected controls. At endpoints (pre-therapy, 30 dpi; S+P therapy, 60 dpi; after ceased therapy, 90 dpi), independent groups were subjected to behavioral tests, and brain tissues and sera were collected. Multiple behavioral and neurocognitive changes were detected in the early (30 dpi) and long-term (60 and 90 dpi) chronic infection. S+P therapy resolved locomotor alterations, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior, partially or transiently ameliorated hyperactivity and habituation memory loss. Analysis after therapy cessation showed that S+P therapy reduced the number of stimuli required for aversive memory consolidation. S+P therapy resulted in reduced brain cyst load, neuroinflammation and BBB disruption, and lowered systemic Th1-cytokine levels. Correlation analysis revealed association between IFNγ, TNF and MCP-1/CCL2 serum levels, brain cyst load and behavioral and neurocognitive alterations. Moreover, principal-component analysis (PCA-2D and 3D projections) highlighted distinction between clusters (noninfected; Veh-treated and S+P-treated infected). Thus, our data suggest that S+P therapy added gain to intrinsic brain cyst control and, direct or indirectly, ameliorated inflammation-related alterations, traits associated with behavioral and neurocognitive alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrios Leda Castaño
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Alice Silva
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences, Federal University Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Gibaldi
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Shark habituation to a food-related olfactory cue. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Alpaugh M, Masnata M, de Rus Jacquet A, Lepinay E, Denis HL, Saint-Pierre M, Davies P, Planel E, Cicchetti F. Passive immunization against phosphorylated tau improves features of Huntington's disease pathology. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1500-1522. [PMID: 35051614 PMCID: PMC9077324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is classically described as a neurodegenerative disorder of monogenic aetiology. The disease is characterized by an abnormal polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin gene, which drives the toxicity of the mutated form of the protein. However, accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, which is involved in a number of neurological disorders, has also been observed in patients with Huntington's disease. In order to unravel the contribution of tau hyperphosphorylation to hallmark features of Huntington's disease, we administered weekly intraperitoneal injections of the anti-tau pS202 CP13 monoclonal antibody to zQ175 mice and characterized the resulting behavioral and biochemical changes. After 12 weeks of treatment, motor impairments, cognitive performance and general health were improved in zQ175 mice along with a significant reduction in hippocampal pS202 tau levels. Despite the lack of effect of CP13 on neuronal markers associated with Huntington's disease pathology, tau-targeting enzymes and gliosis, CP13 was shown to directly impact mutant huntingtin aggregation such that brain levels of amyloid fibrils and huntingtin oligomers were decreased, while larger huntingtin protein aggregates were increased. Investigation of CP13 treatment of Huntington's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) revealed a reduction in pS202 levels in differentiated cortical neurons and a rescue of neurite length. Collectively, these findings suggest that attenuating tau pathology could mitigate behavioral and molecular hallmarks associated with Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Maria Masnata
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Aurelie de Rus Jacquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Eva Lepinay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Hélèna L Denis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Martine Saint-Pierre
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Peter Davies
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada.
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18
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Aghaei Z, Steeves KL, Jobst KJ, Cahill LS. The impact of perfluoroalkyl substances on pregnancy, birth outcomes and offspring development: A review of data from mouse models1. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:397-407. [PMID: 34875017 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate in wildlife and humans, potentially causing adverse health effects at all stages of life. Studies from human pregnancy have shown that exposure to these contaminants are associated with placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction; however, studies in humans are confounded by genetic and environmental factors. Here, we synthesize the available results from mouse models of pregnancy to show the causal effects of prenatal exposure to PFOA and PFOS on placental and fetal development and on neurocognitive function and metabolic disorders in offspring. We also propose gaps in the present knowledge and provide suggestions for future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aghaei
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Katherine L Steeves
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Karl J Jobst
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Cahill
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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19
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Nieraad H, Pannwitz N, de Bruin N, Geisslinger G, Till U. Hyperhomocysteinemia: Metabolic Role and Animal Studies with a Focus on Cognitive Performance and Decline-A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1546. [PMID: 34680179 PMCID: PMC8533891 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the one-carbon metabolism are often indicated by altered levels of the endogenous amino acid homocysteine (HCys), which is additionally discussed to causally contribute to diverse pathologies. In the first part of the present review, we profoundly and critically discuss the metabolic role and pathomechanisms of HCys, as well as its potential impact on different human disorders. The use of adequate animal models can aid in unravelling the complex pathological processes underlying the role of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys). Therefore, in the second part, we systematically searched PubMed/Medline for animal studies regarding HHCys and focused on the potential impact on cognitive performance and decline. The majority of reviewed studies reported a significant effect of HHCys on the investigated behavioral outcomes. Despite of persistent controversial discussions about equivocal findings, especially in clinical studies, the present evaluation of preclinical evidence indicates a causal link between HHCys and cognition-related- especially dementia-like disorders, and points out the further urge for large-scale, well-designed clinical studies in order to elucidate the normalization of HCys levels as a potential preventative or therapeutic approach in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nieraad
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Nina Pannwitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uwe Till
- Former Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Nonnenplan 2, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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20
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Xu J, Casanave R, Guo S. Larval zebrafish display dynamic learning of aversive stimuli in a constant visual surrounding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:228-238. [PMID: 34131054 PMCID: PMC8212779 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053425.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Balancing exploration and anti-predation are fundamental to the fitness and survival of all animal species from early life stages. How these basic survival instincts drive learning remains poorly understood. Here, using a light/dark preference paradigm with well-controlled luminance history and constant visual surrounding in larval zebrafish, we analyzed intra- and intertrial dynamics for two behavioral components, dark avoidance and center avoidance. We uncover that larval zebrafish display short-term learning of dark avoidance with initial sensitization followed by habituation; they also exhibit long-term learning that is sensitive to trial interval length. We further show that such stereotyped learning patterns is stimulus-specific, as they are not observed for center avoidance. Finally, we demonstrate at individual levels that long-term learning is under homeostatic control. Together, our work has established a novel paradigm to understand learning, uncovered sequential sensitization and habituation, and demonstrated stimulus specificity, individuality, as well as dynamicity in learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Xu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisico, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Romelo Casanave
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisico, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisico, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Program in Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Program in Biological Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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21
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Chen MX, Cheng S, Lei L, Zhang XF, Liu Q, Lin A, Wallis CU, Lukowicz MJ, Sham PC, Li Q, Ao LJ. The effects of maternal SSRI exposure on the serotonin system, prefrontal protein expression and behavioral development in male and female offspring rats. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105041. [PMID: 33836218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX), a commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is often used to treat depression during pregnancy. However, prenatal exposure to FLX has been associated with a series of neuropsychiatric illnesses. The use of a rodent model can provide a clear indication as to whether prenatal exposure to SSRIs, independent of maternal psychiatric disorders or genetic syndromes, can cause long-term behavioral abnormalities in offspring. Thus, the present study aimed to explore whether prenatal FLX exposure causes long-term neurobehavioral effects, and identify the underlying mechanism between FLX and abnormal behaviors. In our study, 12/mg/kg/day of FLX or equal normal saline (NS) was administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (FLX = 30, NS = 27) on gestation day 11 till birth. We assessed the physical development and behavior of offspring, and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was conducted to quantify biochemical alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Ex vivo measurements of brain serotonin level and a proteomic analysis were also undertaken. Our results showed that the offspring (male offspring in particular) of fluoxetine exposed mothers showed delayed physical development, increased anxiety-like behavior, and impaired social interaction. Moreover, down-regulation of 5-HT and SERT expression were identified in the PFC. We also found that prenatal FLX exposure significantly decreased NAA/tCr with 1H-MRS in the PFC of offspring. Finally, a proteomic study revealed sex-dependent differential protein expression. These findings may have translational importance suggesting that using SSRI medication alone in pregnant mothers may result in developmental delay in their offspring. Our results also help guide the choice of outcome measures in identifying of molecular and developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Xian Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shu Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, China Resources & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Tai Ping Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Fan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Aijin Lin
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | | | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Li Juan Ao
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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22
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Vilar-Pereira G, Castaño Barrios L, da Silva AA, Martins Batista A, Resende Pereira I, Cruz Moreira O, Britto C, Mata dos Santos HA, Lannes-Vieira J. Memory impairment in chronic experimental Chagas disease: Benznidazole therapy reversed cognitive deficit in association with reduction of parasite load and oxidative stress in the nervous tissue. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244710. [PMID: 33400707 PMCID: PMC7785227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment has been associated with chronic Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. In degenerative diseases, memory loss has been associated with increased oxidative stress, revealed as enhanced lipid peroxidation, in the cerebral cortex. Benznidazole (Bz), a trypanocidal drug efficient to reduce blood parasite load in the acute and chronic phases of infection, showed controversial effects on heart disease progression, the main clinical manifestation of CD. Here, we evaluated whether C57BL/6 mice infected with the Colombian type I T. cruzi strain present memory deficit assessed by (i) the novel object recognition task, (ii) the open field test and (iii) the aversive shock evoked test, at 120 days post infection (dpi). Next, we tested the effects of Bz therapy (25mg/Kg/day, for 30 consecutive days) on memory evocation, and tried to establish a relation between memory loss, parasite load and oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS). At 120 dpi, T. cruzi-infected mice showed memory impairment, compared with age-matched non-infected controls. Bz therapy (from 120 to 150 dpi) hampered the progression of habituation and aversive memory loss and, moreover, reversed memory impairment in object recognition. In vehicle-administered infected mice, neuroinflammation was absent albeit rare perivascular mononuclear cells were found in meninges and choroid plexus. Bz therapy abrogated the infiltration of the CNS by inflammatory cells, and reduced parasite load in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. At 120 and 150 dpi, lipid peroxidation was increased in the hippocampus and cortex tissue extracts. Notably, Bz therapy reduced levels of lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex. Therefore, in experimental chronic T. cruzi infection Bz therapy improved memory loss, in association with reduction of parasite load and oxidative stress in the CNS, providing a new perspective to improve the quality of life of Chagas disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leda Castaño Barrios
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea Alice da Silva
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angelica Martins Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Otacílio Cruz Moreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hílton Antônio Mata dos Santos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análise e Desenvolvimento de Inibidores Enzimáticos e Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises por RMN, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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23
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Mladenovic Djordjevic AN, Kapetanou M, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Todorovic S, Athanasopoulou S, Jovic M, Prvulovic M, Taoufik E, Matsas R, Kanazir S, Gonos ES. Pharmacological intervention in a transgenic mouse model improves Alzheimer's-associated pathological phenotype: Involvement of proteasome activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:88-103. [PMID: 33279620 PMCID: PMC7889698 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, characterized by a progressive decline in a variety of cognitive and non-cognitive functions. The amyloid beta protein cascade hypothesis places the formation of amyloid beta protein aggregates on the first position in the complex pathological cascade leading to neurodegeneration, and therefore AD might be considered to be a protein-misfolding disease. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS), being the primary protein degradation mechanism with a fundamental role in the maintenance of proteostasis, has been identified as a putative therapeutic target to delay and/or to decelerate the progression of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by accumulated/aggregated proteins. The purpose of this study was to test if the activation of proteasome in vivo can alleviate AD pathology. Specifically by using two compounds with complementary modes of proteasome activation and documented antioxidant and redox regulating properties in the 5xFAD transgenic mice model of AD, we ameliorated a number of AD related deficits. Shortly after proteasome activation we detected significantly reduced amyloid-beta load correlated with improved motor functions, reduced anxiety and frailty level. Essentially, to our knowledge this is the first report to demonstrate a dual activation of the proteasome and its downstream effects. In conclusion, these findings open up new directions for future therapeutic potential of proteasome-mediated proteolysis enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra N Mladenovic Djordjevic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Molecular Nutrition and Health Lab, CEDOC - Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Edifício CEDOC II, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, 1150-082, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sofia Athanasopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece; Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Milena Jovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prvulovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Era Taoufik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana, 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece.
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24
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Vodička M, Vavřínová A, Mikulecká A, Zicha J, Behuliak M. Hyper-reactivity of HPA axis in Fischer 344 rats is associated with impaired cardiovascular and behavioral adaptation to repeated restraint stress. Stress 2020; 23:667-677. [PMID: 32543321 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1777971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fischer 344 (F344) rats are characterized by the hyper-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stressful stimuli, while Lewis (LEW) rats are considered to be hypo-reactive. We studied stress-induced cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses of adult male F344 and LEW rats subjected to the single (120 min) or the repeated restraint stress (daily 120 min for 1 week). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured in the restrained rats (n = 7-8 for each group) via a catheter inserted into the femoral artery. Baroreceptor sensitivity was evaluated using NO donor sodium nitroprusside and α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. The plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, aldosterone, and adrenaline were determined before and during the restraint. Exploratory behavior was tested in open field test. F344 rats exerted the augmented stress-induced increase in plasma ACTH, corticosterone, and adrenaline as well as the impaired endocrine adaptation to the repeated stress compared to LEW rats. F344 rats exhibited higher MAP than LEW rats during single and repeated restraint. Moreover, repeatedly restrained F344 showed elevated HR and diminished baroreflex sensitivity. F344 and LEW rats exhibited similar total locomotor activity and the time spent in the center of open field arena, both parameters being decreased by the repeated restraint. The detailed analysis revealed altered pattern of locomotor behavior in F344 rats subjected to repeated restraint. In conclusion, F344 rats showed the impaired endocrine adaptation that resulted in allostatic overload, which might contribute to the impaired cardiovascular and behavioral adaptation to chronic stress observed in this strain. Lay summary F344 rats, characterized by HPA axis hyper-reactivity, exhibited higher blood pressure during restraint than LEW rats. Moreover, repeatedly restrained F344 rats showed elevated heart rate and impaired baroreflex sensitivity. It can be concluded that a poor adaptation to the repeated stress in F344 rats is not only limited to the neuroendocrine response but also has important cardiovascular consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vodička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vavřínová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Mikulecká
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Nieraad H, de Bruin N, Arne O, Hofmann MCJ, Schmidt M, Saito T, Saido TC, Gurke R, Schmidt D, Till U, Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G. Impact of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Different Dietary Interventions on Cognitive Performance in a Knock-in Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113248. [PMID: 33114054 PMCID: PMC7690745 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is considered a possible contributor to the complex pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For years, researchers in this field have discussed the apparent detrimental effects of the endogenous amino acid homocysteine in the brain. In this study, the roles of hyperhomocysteinemia driven by vitamin B deficiency, as well as potentially beneficial dietary interventions, were investigated in the novel AppNL-G-F knock-in mouse model for AD, simulating an early stage of the disease. METHODS Urine and serum samples were analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method and the impact of different experimental diets on cognitive performance was studied in a comprehensive behavioral test battery. Finally, we analyzed brain samples immunohistochemically in order to assess amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition. RESULTS Behavioral testing data indicated subtle cognitive deficits in AppNL-G-F compared to C57BL/6J wild type mice. Elevation of homocysteine and homocysteic acid, as well as counteracting dietary interventions, mostly did not result in significant effects on learning and memory performance, nor in a modified Aβ plaque deposition in 35-week-old AppNL-G-F mice. CONCLUSION Despite prominent Aβ plaque deposition, the AppNL-G-F model merely displays a very mild AD-like phenotype at the investigated age. Older AppNL-G-F mice should be tested in order to further investigate potential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia and dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nieraad
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (O.A.); (M.C.J.H.); (M.S.); (R.G.); (D.S.); (M.J.P.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (O.A.); (M.C.J.H.); (M.S.); (R.G.); (D.S.); (M.J.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Olga Arne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (O.A.); (M.C.J.H.); (M.S.); (R.G.); (D.S.); (M.J.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Martine C. J. Hofmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (O.A.); (M.C.J.H.); (M.S.); (R.G.); (D.S.); (M.J.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Mike Schmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (O.A.); (M.C.J.H.); (M.S.); (R.G.); (D.S.); (M.J.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.S.); (T.C.S.)
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.S.); (T.C.S.)
| | - Robert Gurke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (O.A.); (M.C.J.H.); (M.S.); (R.G.); (D.S.); (M.J.P.); (G.G.)
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (O.A.); (M.C.J.H.); (M.S.); (R.G.); (D.S.); (M.J.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Uwe Till
- Former Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Nonnenplan 2, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (O.A.); (M.C.J.H.); (M.S.); (R.G.); (D.S.); (M.J.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (O.A.); (M.C.J.H.); (M.S.); (R.G.); (D.S.); (M.J.P.); (G.G.)
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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26
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Fujita M, Ochiai Y, Takeda TC, Hagino Y, Kobayashi K, Ikeda K. Increase in excitability of hippocampal neurons during novelty-induced hyperlocomotion in dopamine-deficient mice. Mol Brain 2020; 13:126. [PMID: 32948232 PMCID: PMC7501682 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is involved in many important brain functions, including voluntary motor movement. Dysfunction of the dopaminergic system can induce motor impairments, including Parkinson’s disease. We previously found that dopamine-deficient (DD) mice became hyperactive in a novel environment 72 h after the last injection of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) when dopamine was almost completely depleted. In the present study, we investigated neuronal activity in hippocampal subregions during hyperactivity by measuring Fos expression levels using immunohistochemistry. Dopamine-deficient mice were maintained on daily intraperitoneal injections of 50 mg/kg L-DOPA. Seventy-two hours after the last L-DOPA injection, DD mice were exposed to a novel environment for 1, 2, or 4 h, and then brains were collected. In wildtype mice, the number of Fos-immunopositive neurons significantly increased in the hippocampal CA1 region after 1 h of exposure to the novel environment and then decreased. In DD mice, the number of Fos-immunopositive neurons gradually increased and then significantly increased after 4 h of exposure to the novel environment. The number of Fos-immunopositive neurons also significantly increased in the CA3 region and dentate gyrus in DD mice after 4 h of exposure to the novel environment. These results indicate that the delayed and prolonged excitation of hippocampal neurons in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus that is caused by dopamine depletion might be involved in hyperactivity in DD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Fujita
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ochiai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.,Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-0042, Japan
| | - Taishi-Clark Takeda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoko Hagino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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27
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Reverchon F, de Concini V, Larrigaldie V, Benmerzoug S, Briault S, Togbé D, Ryffel B, Quesniaux VFJ, Menuet A. Hippocampal interleukin-33 mediates neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairments. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:268. [PMID: 32917228 PMCID: PMC7488545 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-33 is expressed in a healthy brain and plays a pivotal role in several neuropathologies, as protective or contributing to the development of cerebral diseases associated with cognitive impairments. However, the role of IL-33 in the brain is poorly understood, raising the question of its involvement in immunoregulatory mechanisms. Methods We administered recombinant IL-33 (rmIL-33) by intra-hippocampal injection to C57BL/6 J (WT) and IL-1αβ deficient mice. Chronic minocycline administration was performed and cognitive functions were examined trough spatial habituation test. Hippocampal inflammatory responses were investigated by RT-qPCR. The microglia activation was assessed using immunohistological staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Results We showed that IL-33 administration in mice led to a spatial memory performance defect associated with an increase of inflammatory markers in the hippocampus while minocycline administration limited the inflammatory response. Quantitative assessment of glial cell activation in situ demonstrated an increase of proximal intersections per radius in each part of the hippocampus. Moreover, rmIL-33 significantly promoted the outgrowth of microglial processes. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis on isolated microglia, revealed overexpression of IL-1β, 48 h post-rmIL-33 administration. This microglial reactivity was closely related to the onset of cognitive disturbance. Finally, we demonstrated that IL-1αβ deficient mice were resistant to cognitive disorders after intra-hippocampal IL-33 injection. Conclusion Thus, hippocampal IL-33 induced an inflammatory state, including IL-1β overexpression by microglia cells, being causative of the cognitive impairment. These results highlight the pathological role for IL-33 in the central nervous system, independently of a specific neuropathological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Reverchon
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France.,Current address: Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Vidian de Concini
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Vanessa Larrigaldie
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Sulayman Benmerzoug
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France.,Current address:Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Briault
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France.,Department of Genetics, Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | | | - Bernhard Ryffel
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Valérie F J Quesniaux
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France.
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28
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The diurnal variation of open-field habituation in rats. Behav Processes 2020; 178:104186. [PMID: 32619522 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish the effect of time of the day on habituation in the open-field test, one of the most elementary forms of non-associative hippocampal-dependent learning. Open-field test was performed in young adult male Wistar rats at the beginning (08:30-10:00 h; defined as Zeitgeber time (ZT) ZT0.5-2), mid-time (13:00-14:30 h, ZT5-6.5) and at the end (18:30-20:00 h, ZT10.5-12) of the light period. Our results revealed that in the acquisition trial there were no significant differences among the six parameters recorded through tested periods. In contrast, the level of habituation in the ambulation and rearing rose as followed: ZT0.5-2 < ZT10.5-12 < ZT5-6.5. In both trials, the principal component analysis highlights two components: component 1 was mainly loaded by ambulation in the outer and inner area, rearing and freezing behaviors, whereas component 2 was mostly loaded on grooming activity and defecation. The correlation between parameters varied across the period of day and trial. Animals that expressed a higher level of grooming, defecation (ZT5-6.5) and freezing behavior (ZT0.5-2 and ZT5-6.5) at acquisition trial habituated better on those parameters on the retention trial. In conclusion, habituation outcomes to the open-field test and correlation between tested parameters highly depend on daytime.
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29
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van der Goot MH, Boleij H, van den Broek J, Salomons AR, Arndt SS, van Lith HA. An individual based, multidimensional approach to identify emotional reactivity profiles in inbred mice. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 343:108810. [PMID: 32574640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive environmental standardization and the use of genetically and microbiologically defined mice of similar age and sex, individuals of the same mouse inbred strain commonly differ in quantitative traits. This is a major issue as it affects the quality of experimental results. Standard analysis practices summarize numerical data by means and associated measures of dispersion, while individual values are ignored. Perhaps taking individual values into account in statistical analysis may improve the quality of results. NEW METHOD The present study re-inspected existing data on emotional reactivity profiles in 125 BALB/cJ and 129 mice, which displayed contrasting patterns of habituation and sensitization when repeatedly exposed to a novel environment (modified Hole Board). Behaviors were re-analyzed on an individual level, using a multivariate approach, in order to explore whether this yielded new information regarding subtypes of response, and their expression between and within strains. RESULTS Clustering individual mice across multiple behavioral dimensions identified two response profiles: a habituation and a sensitization cluster. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) These retrospect analyses identified habituation and sensitization profiles that were similar to those observed in the original data but also yielded new information such as a more pronounced sensitization response. Also, it allowed for the identification of individuals that deviated from the predominant response profile within a strain. CONCLUSIONS The present approach allows for the behavioral characterization of experimental animals on an individual level and as such provides a valuable contribution to existing approaches that take individual variation into account in statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes H van der Goot
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hetty Boleij
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van den Broek
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amber R Salomons
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia S Arndt
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hein A van Lith
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Eroli F, Johnell K, Latorre Leal M, Adamo C, Hilmer S, Wastesson JW, Cedazo-Minguez A, Maioli S. Chronic polypharmacy impairs explorative behavior and reduces synaptic functions in young adult mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10147-10161. [PMID: 32445552 PMCID: PMC7346056 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in the health care system is the lack of knowledge about the possible harmful effects of multiple drug treatments in old age. The present study aims to characterize a mouse model of polypharmacy, in order to investigate whether long-term exposure to multiple drugs could lead to adverse outcomes. To this purpose we selected five drugs from the ten most commonly used by older adults in Sweden (metoprolol, paracetamol, aspirin, simvastatin and citalopram). Five-month-old wild type male mice were fed for eight weeks with control or polypharmacy diet. We report for the first time that young adult polypharmacy-treated mice showed a significant decrease in exploration and spatial working memory compared to the control group. This memory impairment was further supported by a significant reduction of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus of treated mice. These novel results suggest that already at young adult age, use of polypharmacy affects explorative behavior and synaptic functions. This study underlines the importance of investigating the potentially negative outcomes from concomitant administration of different drugs, which have been poorly explored until now. The mouse model proposed here has translatable findings and can be applied as a useful tool for future studies on polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Eroli
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Johnell
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María Latorre Leal
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Chiara Adamo
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sarah Hilmer
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hosptial and University of Sydney, Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Sidney, Australia
| | - Jonas W Wastesson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
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Maxan A, Sciacca G, Alpaugh M, Tao Z, Breger L, Dehay B, Ling Z, Chuan Q, Cisbani G, Masnata M, Salem S, Lacroix S, Oueslati A, Bezard E, Cicchetti F. Use of adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of mutant huntingtin to study the spreading capacity of the protein in mice and non-human primates. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104951. [PMID: 32439599 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to model various aspects of Huntington's disease (HD) pathology, in particular protein spread, we administered adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) or GFP coupled to HTT-Exon1 (19Q or 103Q) to the central nervous system of adult wild-type (WT) mice and non-human primates. All animals underwent behavioral testing and post-mortem analyses to determine the long-term consequences of AAV injection. Both mice and non-human primates demonstrated behavioral changes at 2-3 weeks post-surgery. In mice, these changes were absent after 3 months while in non-human primates, they persisted in the majority of tested animals. Post-mortem analysis revealed that spreading of the aggregates was limited, although the virus did spread between synaptically-connected brain regions. Despite circumscribed spreading, the presence of mHTT generated changes in endogenous huntingtin (HTT) levels in both models. Together, these results suggest that viral expression of mHTTExon1 can induce spreading and seeding of HTT in both mice and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maxan
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Giacomo Sciacca
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Melanie Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Zhu Tao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ludivine Breger
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Zhang Ling
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chuan
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Giulia Cisbani
- University of Toronto, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maria Masnata
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Shireen Salem
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Médicine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Abid Oueslati
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Médicine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada.
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Gosset P, Maxan A, Alpaugh M, Breger L, Dehay B, Tao Z, Ling Z, Qin C, Cisbani G, Fortin N, Vonsattel JPG, Lacroix S, Oueslati A, Bezard E, Cicchetti F. Evidence for the spread of human-derived mutant huntingtin protein in mice and non-human primates. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104941. [PMID: 32422281 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, substantial evidence has emerged to suggest that spreading of pathological proteins contributes to disease pathology in numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Work from our laboratory and others have shown that, despite its strictly genetic nature, Huntington's disease (HD) may be another condition in which this mechanism contributes to pathology. In this study, we set out to determine if the mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) present in post-mortem brain tissue derived from HD patients can induce pathology in mice and/or non-human primates. For this, we performed three distinct sets of experiments where homogenates were injected into the brains of adult a) Wild-type (WT) and b) BACHD mice or c) non-human primates. Neuropathological assessments revealed that, while changes in the endogenous huntingtin were not apparent, mHTT could spread between cellular elements and brain structures. Furthermore, behavioural differences only occurred in the animal model of HD which already overexpressed mHTT. Taken together, our results indicate that mHTT derived from human brains has only a limited capacity to propagate between cells and does not depict prion-like characteristics. This contrasts with recent work demonstrating that other forms of mHTT - such as fibrils of a pathological polyQ length or fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from HD cases - can indeed disseminate disease throughout the brain in a prion-like fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gosset
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Alexander Maxan
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Melanie Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ludivine Breger
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5293, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5293, France
| | - Zhu Tao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Ling
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Giulia Cisbani
- University of Toronto, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nadia Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | - Steve Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Médicine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Abid Oueslati
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Médicine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5293, France
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 0A6, Canada.
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Hippocampal Arc Induces Decay of Object Recognition Memory in Male Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 431:193-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nazari A, Perez-Fernandez C, Flores P, Moreno M, Sánchez-Santed F. Age-dependent effects of repeated methamphetamine exposure on locomotor activity and attentional function in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 191:172879. [PMID: 32088359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many adolescents use amphetamines which are the second most common abused illegal drugs. Methamphetamine (Meth), as a potent amphetamine affects attentional functions. However, the most significant factor for susceptibility to Meth is the age of exposure, most studies have examined the effects of Meth after early adolescence stage. The present experiment was aimed to investigate some possible short- and long-term effects of Meth at two distinct points of adolescence stage (early versus late) on 1) locomotor activity in adolescent rats and 2) attentional functions in their adulthood. Rats received Meth (5 mg/kg, i.p., for consecutive 10 days) during early adolescence (postnatal days (PND) 30-39) or late adolescence (PND 50-59). Locomotor activity was assessed after the first and tenth injections. Then, in adulthood, rats were trained and tested on the Five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) to display possible attentional impairments. The first Meth administration in early exposed adolescent (EEA) group produced the highest level of activity, compared with the first exposure in late exposed adolescent (LEA) group and tenth administrations in both groups. In adulthood, LEA group significantly delayed learning the 5-CSRTT and exhibited attentional impairments, as demonstrated by significant reduced response accuracy and increased omission errors under pharmacological challenge, compared with control group. The susceptibility to Meth depends on the age of exposure and Meth administration during late adolescence stage may cause prolonged attentional deficits in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No, 88, Italia Street, Qods Street, 14177-55469 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Cristian Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, and Heath Research Center, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology, and Heath Research Center, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology, and Heath Research Center, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, and Heath Research Center, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Chen MX, Liu Q, Cheng S, Lei L, Lin AJ, Wei R, K Hui TC, Li Q, Ao LJ, Sham PC. Interleukin-18 levels in the hippocampus and behavior of adult rat offspring exposed to prenatal restraint stress during early and late pregnancy. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1748-1756. [PMID: 32209782 PMCID: PMC7437598 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal stress during prenatal life is associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, in offspring. It has also been increasingly observed that prenatal stress alters the phenotype of offspring via immunological mechanisms and that immunological dysfunction, such as elevated interleukin-18 levels, has been reported in cultures of microglia. Prenatal restraint stress (PRS) in rats permits direct experimental investigation of the link between prenatal stress and adverse outcomes. However, the majority of studies have focused on the consequences of PRS delivered in the second half of pregnancy, while the effects of early prenatal stress have rarely been examined. Therefore, pregnant rats were subjected to PRS during early/middle and late gestation (days 8-14 and 15-21, respectively). PRS comprised restraint in a round plastic transparent cylinder under bright light (6500 lx) three times per day for 45 minutes. Differences in interleukin-18 expression in the hippocampus and in behavior were compared between offspring rats and control rats on postnatal day 75. We found that adult male offspring exposed to PRS during their late prenatal periods had higher levels of anxiety-related behavior and depression than control rats, and both male and female offspring exhibited higher levels of depression-related behavior, impaired recognition memory and diminished exploration of novel objects. Moreover, an elevated level of interleukin-18 was observed in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of male and female early- and late-PRS offspring rats. The results indicate that PRS can cause anxiety and depression-related behaviors in adult offspring and affect the expression of interleukin-18 in the hippocampus. Thus, behavior and the molecular biology of the brain are affected by the timing of PRS exposure and the sex of the offspring. All experiments were approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee at Kunming Medical University, China (approval No. KMMU2019074) in January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Xian Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shu Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, China Resources & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ai-Jin Lin
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tomy C K Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Li-Juan Ao
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Demonstration of prion-like properties of mutant huntingtin fibrils in both in vitro and in vivo paradigms. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:981-1001. [PMID: 30788585 PMCID: PMC6531424 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) can spread into healthy tissue in a prion-like fashion. This theory, however, remains controversial. To fully address this concept and to understand the possible consequences of mHTT spreading to Huntington’s disease pathology, we investigated the effects of exogenous human fibrillar mHTT (Q48) and huntingtin (HTT) (Q25) N-terminal fragments in three cellular models and three distinct animal paradigms. For in vitro experiments, human neuronal cells [induced pluripotent stem cell-derived GABA neurons (iGABA) and (SH-SY5Y)] as well as human THP1-derived macrophages, were incubated with recombinant mHTT fibrils. Recombinant mHTT and HTT fibrils were taken up by all cell types, inducing cell morphology changes and death. Variations in HTT aggregation were further observed following incubation with fibrils in both THP1 and SH-SY5Y cells. For in vivo experiments, adult wild-type (WT) mice received a unilateral intracerebral cortical injection and R6/2 and WT pups were administered fibrils via bilateral intraventricular injections. In both protocols, the injection of Q48 fibrils resulted in cognitive deficits and increased anxiety-like behavior. Post-mortem analysis of adult WT mice indicated that most fibrils had been degraded/cleared from the brain by 14 months post-surgery. Despite the absence of fibrils at these later time points, a change in the staining pattern of endogenous HTT was detected. A similar change was revealed in post-mortem analysis of the R6/2 mice. These effects were specific to central administration of fibrils, as mice receiving intravenous injections were not characterized by behavioral changes. In fact, peripheral administration resulted in an immune response mounting against the fibrils. Together, the in vitro and in vivo data indicate that exogenously administered mHTT is capable of both causing and exacerbating disease pathology.
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Bain SD, Huber P, Ausk BJ, Kwon RY, Gardiner EM, Srinivasan S, Gross TS. Neuromuscular dysfunction, independent of gait dysfunction, modulates trabecular bone homeostasis in mice. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2019; 19:79-93. [PMID: 30839306 PMCID: PMC6454260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the effects of neuromuscular dysfunction on hindlimb loading, muscle atrophy, and bone homeostasis. METHODS We quantified changes to hindlimb loading, muscle atrophy, and bone morphology following either Botulinum toxin A (BTxA) induced muscle paralysis or peripheral nerve injury (PNI) in mice; two in vivo models that we anticipated would differently alter gait and mechanical loading patterns due to their distinct effects on neuromuscular signaling. To confirm the expected behavioral effects of PNI, we assessed mechanical allodynia of the ipsilateral hindlimb using von Frey testing and activity (distance traveled and speed) was monitored in both groups using open field testing. Peak vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) and ankle and knee kinematics during normal locomotion were quantified and used to estimate peak mid-diaphyseal normal strains. Muscle atrophy and trabecular and cortical bone morphology were assessed via high-resolution microCT imaging. RESULTS BTxA-induced calf paralysis caused severe muscle atrophy and altered gait kinetics and kinematics and reduced gait-induced normal strains. PNI increased mechanical allodynia but did not alter gait, nor did it cause muscle atrophy. We observed that muscle paralysis and PNI both led to severe trabecular bone loss but only BTxA-induced paralysis increased cortical bone resorption. CONCLUSIONS While mechanical stimuli clearly have essential functions in bone development and adaptation, these data emphasize that neuromuscular signaling, independent of load-induced mechanical strains, may modulate trabecular bone homeostasis in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Bain
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington,Corresponding author: Steven D. Bain, Ph.D., Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359798, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 E-mail:
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Neurobehavioral and oxidative stress alterations following methylmercury and retinyl palmitate co-administration in pregnant and lactating rats and their offspring. Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:164-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Grant RA, Wong AA, Fertan E, Brown RE. Whisker exploration behaviours in the 5xFAD mouse are affected by sex and retinal degeneration. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 19:e12532. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A. Grant
- Division of Biology and Conservation EcologyManchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - Aimee A. Wong
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Emre Fertan
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Richard E. Brown
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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Adelöf J, Andersson M, Porritt M, Petersen A, Zetterberg M, Wiseman J, Hernebring M. PA28αβ overexpression enhances learning and memory of female mice without inducing 20S proteasome activity. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:70. [PMID: 30400847 PMCID: PMC6218978 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proteasome system plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. Induction and maintenance of long term potentiation is directly dependent on selective targeting of proteins for proteasomal degradation. The 20S proteasome activator PA28αβ activates hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides and possesses protective functions upon oxidative stress and proteinopathy. The effect of PA28αβ activity on behavior and memory function is, however, not known. We generated a mouse model that overexpresses PA28α (PA28αOE) to understand PA28αβ function during healthy adult homeostasis via assessment of physiological and behavioral profiles, focusing on female mice. Results PA28α and PA28β protein levels were markedly increased in all PA28αOE tissues analyzed. PA28αOE displayed reduced depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test and improved memory/learning function assessed by intersession habituation in activity box and shuttle box passive avoidance test, with no significant differences in anxiety or general locomotor activity. Nor were there any differences found when compared to WT for body composition or immuno-profile. The cognitive effects of PA28αOE were female specific, but could not be explained by alterations in estrogen serum levels or hippocampal regulation of estrogen receptor β. Further, there were no differences in hippocampal protein expression of neuronal or synaptic markers between PA28αOE and WT. Biochemical analysis of hippocampal extracts demonstrated that PA28α overexpression did not increase PA28–20S peptidase activity or decrease K48-polyubiquitin levels. Instead, PA28αOE exhibited elevated efficiency in preventing aggregation in the hippocampus. Conclusions This study reveals, for the first time, a connection between PA28αβ and neuronal function. We found that PA28α overexpressing female mice displayed reduced depressive-like behavior and enhanced learning and memory. Since the positive effects of PA28α overexpression arose without an activation of 20S proteasome capacity, they are likely independent of PA28αβ’s role as a 20S proteasome activator and instead depend on a recognized chaperone-like function. These findings suggest that proteostasis in synaptic plasticity is more diverse than previously reported, and demonstrates a novel function of PA28αβ in the brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-018-0468-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Adelöf
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,IMED Biotech Unit, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - My Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epilepsy Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michelle Porritt
- IMED Biotech Unit, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Petersen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Zetterberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Wiseman
- IMED Biotech Unit, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Hernebring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,IMED Biotech Unit, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Bausch AE, Ehinger R, Straubinger J, Zerfass P, Nann Y, Lukowski R. Loss of Sodium-Activated Potassium Channel Slack and FMRP Differentially Affect Social Behavior in Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 384:361-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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Alpaugh M, Galleguillos D, Forero J, Morales LC, Lackey SW, Kar P, Di Pardo A, Holt A, Kerr BJ, Todd KG, Baker GB, Fouad K, Sipione S. Disease-modifying effects of ganglioside GM1 in Huntington's disease models. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1537-1557. [PMID: 28993428 PMCID: PMC5666311 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric problems. Previous studies indicated that levels of brain gangliosides are lower than normal in HD models and that administration of exogenous ganglioside GM1 corrects motor dysfunction in the YAC128 mouse model of HD In this study, we provide evidence that intraventricular administration of GM1 has profound disease-modifying effects across HD mouse models with different genetic background. GM1 administration results in decreased levels of mutant huntingtin, the protein that causes HD, and in a wide array of beneficial effects that include changes in levels of DARPP32, ferritin, Iba1 and GFAP, modulation of dopamine and serotonin metabolism, and restoration of normal levels of glutamate, GABA, L-Ser and D-Ser. Treatment with GM1 slows down neurodegeneration, white matter atrophy and body weight loss in R6/2 mice. Motor functions are significantly improved in R6/2 mice and restored to normal in Q140 mice, including gait abnormalities that are often resistant to treatments. Psychiatric-like and cognitive dysfunctions are also ameliorated by GM1 administration in Q140 and YAC128 mice. The widespread benefits of GM1 administration, at molecular, cellular and behavioural levels, indicate that this ganglioside has strong therapeutic and disease-modifying potential in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Alpaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Danny Galleguillos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Forero
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Preeti Kar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alba Di Pardo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew Holt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn G Todd
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen B Baker
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Simonetta Sipione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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44
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O'Leary TP, Hussin AT, Gunn RK, Brown RE. Locomotor activity, emotionality, sensori-motor gating, learning and memory in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:347-354. [PMID: 29870778 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse (line 85) is a double transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with familial amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 mutations. These mice develop age-related behavioral changes reflective of the neuropsychiatric symptoms (altered anxiety-like behaviour, hyperactivity) and cognitive dysfunction (impaired learning and memory) observed in AD. The APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse has been used to examine the efficacy of therapeutic interventions on behaviour, despite previous difficulties in replicating behavioural phenotypes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish the reliability of these phenotypes by further characterizing the behaviour of male APPswe/PS1dE9 and wild-type mice between 7 and 14 months of age. Mice were tested on the open-field over 5-days to examine emotionality, locomotor activity and inter-session habituation. Mice were also tested on the repeated-reversal water maze task and spontaneous alternation on the Y-maze to assess working memory. Sensori-motor gating was examined with acoustic startle and pre-pulse inhibition. Lastly contextual and cued (trace) memory was assessed with fear conditioning. The results show that among non-cognitive behaviours, APPswe/PS1dE9 mice have normal locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, habituation and sensori-motor gating. However, APPswe/PS1dE9 mice show impaired working memory on the repeated-reversal water-maze and impaired memory in contextual but not trace-cued fear conditioning. These results indicate that the APPswe/PS1dE9 (line 85) mice have deficits in some types of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and, at the ages tested, APPswe/PS1dE9 mice model cognitive dysfunction but not neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P O'Leary
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ahmed T Hussin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Rhian K Gunn
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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45
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Holubová A, Mikulecká A, Pometlová M, Nohejlová K, Šlamberová R. Long-term early life adverse experience impairs responsiveness to exteroceptive stimuli in adult rats. Behav Processes 2018; 149:59-64. [PMID: 29438728 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that early life traumatic events strongly alter the physiology and behavior in adult rats. In the present study, the effect of postnatal stressor on the spontaneous behavior of adult male rats was evaluated. A method of positive habituation based on a detailed analysis of behavioral patterns and attention of animals to a stimulus object was used. Twenty-four dams and twenty-four of their male progeny were used. Pups were divided into three groups (n = 8): controls (C); maternal social stressor (S); maternal social and physical stressors (SW). Animals (postnatal day 70-80) were individually placed in the open field arena in two habituation sessions with a 24-h delay between them (Test day 1 and Test day 2). Before the start of third session (Test day 3) a solid object was fixed in the center of the arena. Each test lasted 10 min. Our results showed the habituation effect in both stressed-groups. Although there were no significant differences in the number of investigations of the novel object among all tested groups, stress-exposed rats spent less time investigating the object. In conclusion, our findings indicate that long-term neonatal stress may impair an animal's ability to sustain attention to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holubová
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Ke Karlovu 4, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Mikulecká
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Physiology, Department of Developmental Epileptology, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Pometlová
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Ke Karlovu 4, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateryna Nohejlová
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Ke Karlovu 4, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Šlamberová
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Ke Karlovu 4, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic.
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46
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Scholpa NE, Lynn MK, Corum D, Boger HA, Schnellmann RG. 5-HT 1F receptor-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:348-358. [PMID: 29057453 PMCID: PMC5758398 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive decline in motor function due to degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, as well as other deficits including cognitive impairment and behavioural abnormalities. Mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to loss of ATP-dependent cellular functions, calcium overload, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Using the 5-HT1F receptor agonist LY344864, a known inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB), we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of stimulating MB on dopaminergic neuron loss in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male C57BL/6 mice underwent bilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine or saline injections and daily treatment with 2 mg·kg-1 LY344864 or vehicle for 14 days beginning 7 days post-lesion. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir) and MB were assessed in the brains of all groups following treatment, and locomotor activity was evaluated prior to lesioning, 7 days post-lesion and after treatment. KEY RESULTS Increased mitochondrial DNA content and nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded mRNA and protein expression was observed in specific brain regions of LY344864-treated naïve and lesioned mice, indicating augmented MB. LY344864 attenuated TH-ir loss in the striatum and substantia nigra compared to vehicle-treated lesioned animals. LY344864 treatment also increased locomotor activity in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned mice, while vehicle treatment had no effect. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data revealed that LY344864-induced MB attenuates dopaminergic neuron loss and improves behavioural endpoints in this model. We suggest that stimulating MB may be beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and that the 5-HT1F receptor may be an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Scholpa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Mary K Lynn
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Daniel Corum
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical SciencesMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care SystemTucsonAZUSA
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47
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Gibbs EM, Crosbie-Watson RH. A Simple and Low-cost Assay for Measuring Ambulation in Mouse Models of Muscular Dystrophy. J Vis Exp 2017:56772. [PMID: 29364281 PMCID: PMC5908392 DOI: 10.3791/56772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring functional outcomes in the treatment of muscular dystrophy is an essential aspect of preclinical testing. The assessment of voluntary ambulation in mouse models is a non-invasive and reproducible activity assay that is directly analogous to measures of patient ambulation such as the 6-minute walk test and related mobility scores. Many common methods for testing mouse ambulation speed and distance are based on the open field test, where an animal's free movement within an arena is measured over time. One major downside to this approach is that commercial software and equipment for high-resolution motion tracking is expensive and may require transferring mice to specialized facilities for testing. Here, we describe a low-cost, video-based system for measuring mouse ambulation that utilizes free and open-source software. Using this protocol, we demonstrate that voluntary ambulation in the dystrophin-null mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is decreased relative to wild-type mouse activity. In mdx mice expressing the utrophin transgene, these activity deficits are not observed and the total distance traveled is indistinguishable from wild-type mice. This method is effective for measuring changes in voluntary ambulation associated with dystrophic pathology, and provides a versatile platform that can be readily adapted to diverse research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Gibbs
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California; Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California
| | - Rachelle H Crosbie-Watson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California; Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California;
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48
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Nakayama K, Ohashi R, Shinoda Y, Yamazaki M, Abe M, Fujikawa A, Shigenobu S, Futatsugi A, Noda M, Mikoshiba K, Furuichi T, Sakimura K, Shiina N. RNG105/caprin1, an RNA granule protein for dendritic mRNA localization, is essential for long-term memory formation. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29157358 PMCID: PMC5697933 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Local regulation of synaptic efficacy is thought to be important for proper networking of neurons and memory formation. Dysregulation of global translation influences long-term memory in mice, but the relevance of the regulation specific for local translation by RNA granules remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate roles of RNG105/caprin1 in long-term memory formation. RNG105 deletion in mice impaired synaptic strength and structural plasticity in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, RNG105-deficient mice displayed unprecedentedly severe defects in long-term memory formation in spatial and contextual learning tasks. Genome-wide profiling of mRNA distribution in the hippocampus revealed an underlying mechanism: RNG105 deficiency impaired the asymmetric somato-dendritic localization of mRNAs. Particularly, RNG105 deficiency reduced the dendritic localization of mRNAs encoding regulators of AMPAR surface expression, which was consistent with attenuated homeostatic AMPAR scaling in dendrites and reduced synaptic strength. Thus, RNG105 has an essential role, as a key regulator of dendritic mRNA localization, in long-term memory formation. Messages pass from one nerve cell to the next across gaps called synapses. The first neuron releases chemical signals from the end of its long, thin nerve fiber. The second receives the message at receptors on branching structures known as dendrites. Each connection has a corresponding bump called a dendritic spine. As animals learn, these can grow larger, strengthening the connection. This is the basis of how memories form. To strengthen a synapse, the cell must transport the materials to the dendritic spine. The cell makes copies of the genetic instructions to strengthen the synapse in the form of messenger RNA (often shortened to mRNA). But, this happens in the body of the cell, a long way from the dendrites themselves. The mRNA travels from the cell body to the dendrites in collections of molecules referred to as ‘RNA granules’. One of the key components of the RNA granule system is a protein called RNG105/caprin1. Now, Nakayama, Ohashi et al. have engineered mice to delete the gene for RNG105/caprin1, revealing its effect on memory. Mice lacking RNG105/caprin1 struggled to make long-term memories. Unlike their normal counterparts, these mutant mice did not become accustomed to new environments or objects. They also found it more challenging to learn the position of a hidden platform in a water-based maze. Lastly, over time, the mutant mice forgot to be fearful of a dark chamber where they had received a small electric shock. Memories form in a part of the brain called the hippocampus and the dendritic spines in this region were smaller in mice lacking RNG105/caprin1. Furthermore, when the nerve cells from this part of the brain were grown in Petri dishes, they did not respond normally to stimulation. The dendritic spines of normal cells increased in size, but those on the cells lacking RNG105/caprin1 got smaller compared to normal cells. A closer look revealed that the distribution of mRNA in brain cells from mice lacking RNG105/caprin1 differed from that of normal mice. Some pieces of genetic information failed to make it from the cell body to the dendrites. This included mRNA involved in making regulators of a component of dendritic spines called the AMPA receptor. The AMPA receptor detects the chemical messenger, glutamate, and is crucial for memory formation. These findings further our understanding of long-term memory and open the way for future research into human disease. Mutations in RNA granule components, including RNG105/caprin1, have links to conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Further investigation could reveal new targets for drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakayama
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan.,Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Rie Ohashi
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yo Shinoda
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujikawa
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan.,Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Futatsugi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Kobe City College of Nursing, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Teiichi Furuichi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shiina
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan.,Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Okazaki, Japan
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49
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Holst SC, Sousek A, Hefti K, Saberi-Moghadam S, Buck A, Ametamey SM, Scheidegger M, Franken P, Henning A, Seifritz E, Tafti M, Landolt HP. Cerebral mGluR5 availability contributes to elevated sleep need and behavioral adjustment after sleep deprivation. eLife 2017; 6:28751. [PMID: 28980941 PMCID: PMC5644949 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased sleep time and intensity quantified as low-frequency brain electrical activity after sleep loss demonstrate that sleep need is homeostatically regulated, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We here demonstrate that metabotropic glutamate receptors of subtype 5 (mGluR5) contribute to the molecular machinery governing sleep-wake homeostasis. Using positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electroencephalography in humans, we find that increased mGluR5 availability after sleep loss tightly correlates with behavioral and electroencephalographic biomarkers of elevated sleep need. These changes are associated with altered cortical myo-inositol and glycine levels, suggesting sleep loss-induced modifications downstream of mGluR5 signaling. Knock-out mice without functional mGluR5 exhibit severe dysregulation of sleep-wake homeostasis, including lack of recovery sleep and impaired behavioral adjustment to a novel task after sleep deprivation. The data suggest that mGluR5 contribute to the brain's coping mechanisms with sleep deprivation and point to a novel target to improve disturbed wakefulness and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Holst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,CRPP Sleep and Health, Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Sousek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Hefti
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alfred Buck
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH, Zürich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institut, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH, Zürich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institut, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- CRPP Sleep and Health, Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Tafti
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,CRPP Sleep and Health, Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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50
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Popović N, Giménez de Béjar V, Caballero-Bleda M, Popović M. Verapamil Parameter- and Dose-Dependently Impairs Memory Consolidation in Open Field Habituation Task in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:539. [PMID: 28119614 PMCID: PMC5223647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the phenylalkylamine class of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonist, verapamil (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10 mg/kg i.p.), administered immediately after the acquisition task, on memory consolidation of the open field habituation task, in male Wistar rats. On the 48 h retested trial, all tested parameters (ambulation in the side wall and in the central areas, number of rearing, time spent grooming and defecation rate) significantly decreased in the saline treated animals. A significant decrease of rearing was observed in all verapamil treated groups. On the retention day, the ambulation in the side wall and central areas significantly decreased in the animals treated with 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of verapamil, while the time spent grooming and the defecation rate significantly decreased only in the group treated with 1 mg/kg of verapamil. According to the change ratio scores that correct the individual behavioral baseline differences during initial and final sessions, habituation deficit was found in animals treated with verapamil as follows: ambulation along the side wall area (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg), number of rearing (all used dose) and time spent grooming (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). In conclusion, the present data suggest that the post-training administration of verapamil, parameter- and dose-dependently, impairs the habituation to a novel environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain
| | - Verónica Giménez de Béjar
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain; Department of Neurology, Santa Lucía University General HospitalCartagena, Spain
| | - María Caballero-Bleda
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain
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