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Liu D, Wang S, Liu S, Wang Q, Che X, Wu G. Frontiers in sarcopenia: Advancements in diagnostics, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101270. [PMID: 38583268 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The onset of sarcopenia is intimately linked with aging, posing significant implications not only for individual patient quality of life but also for the broader societal healthcare framework. Early and accurate identification of sarcopenia and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanistic underpinnings and therapeutic targets paramount to addressing this condition effectively. This review endeavors to present a cohesive overview of recent advancements in sarcopenia research and diagnosis. We initially delve into the contemporary diagnostic criteria, specifically referencing the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) 2 and Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 benchmarks. Additionally, we elucidate comprehensive assessment techniques for muscle strength, quantity, and physical performance, highlighting tools such as grip strength, chair stand test, dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), gait speed, and short physical performance battery (SPPB), while also discussing their inherent advantages and limitations. Such diagnostic advancements pave the way for early identification and unequivocal diagnosis of sarcopenia. Proceeding further, we provide a deep-dive into sarcopenia's pathogenesis, offering a thorough examination of associated signaling pathways like the Myostatin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS), and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways. Each pathway's role in sarcopenia mediation is detailed, underscoring potential therapeutic target avenues. From a mechanistic perspective, the review also underscores the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia, emphasizing elements such as mitochondrial oxidative overload, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, and highlighting their therapeutic significance. At last, we capture recent strides made in sarcopenia treatment, ranging from nutritional and exercise interventions to potential pharmacological and supplementation strategies. In sum, this review meticulously synthesizes the latest scientific developments in sarcopenia, aiming to enhance diagnostic precision in clinical practice and provide comprehensive insights into refined mechanistic targets and innovative therapeutic interventions, ultimately contributing to optimized patient care and advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Shijin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Qifei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
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Hosoyama T, Kawai‐Takaishi M, Iida H, Yamamoto Y, Nakamichi Y, Watanabe T, Takemura M, Kato S, Uezumi A, Matsui Y. Lack of vitamin D signalling in mesenchymal progenitors causes fatty infiltration in muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:907-918. [PMID: 38533539 PMCID: PMC11154772 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated the importance of muscle quality in addition to muscle quantity in sarcopenia pathophysiology. Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), which originates from mesenchymal progenitors (MPs) in adult skeletal muscle, is a key factor affecting muscle quality in older adults, suggesting that controlling IMAT formation is a promising therapeutic strategy for sarcopenia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IMAT formation in older adults has not been clarified. We recently found that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is highly expressed in MPs in comparison to myotubes (P = 0.028, N = 3), indicating a potential role of vitamin D signalling in MPs. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of vitamin D signalling in MP kinetics, with a focus on adipogenesis. METHODS MPs isolated from mouse skeletal muscles were subjected to adipogenic differentiation conditions with or without vitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D3, 100 nM) for 7 days, and adipogenicity was evaluated based on adipogenic marker expression. For in vivo analysis, tamoxifen-inducible MP-specific VDR-deficient (VdrMPcKO) mice were newly developed to investigate whether lack of vitamin D signalling in MPs is involved in IMAT formation. To induce muscle atrophy, VdrMPcKO male mice were subjected to tenotomy of the gastrocnemius muscle, and then muscle weight, myofibre cross-sectional area, adipogenic marker expression, and fatty infiltration into the muscle were evaluated at 3 weeks after operation (N = 3-4). In addition, a vitamin D-deficient diet was provided to wild-type male mice (3 and 20 months of age, N = 5) for 3 months to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency causes IMAT formation. RESULTS Vitamin D treatment nearly completely inhibited adipogenesis of MPs through Runx1-mediated transcriptional modifications of early adipogenic factors such as PPARγ (P = 0.0031) and C/EBPα (P = 0.0027), whereas VDR-deficient MPs derived from VdrMPcKO mice differentiated into adipocytes even in the presence of vitamin D (P = 0.0044, Oil-Red O+ area). In consistency with in-vitro findings, VdrMPcKO mice and mice fed a vitamin D-deficient diet exhibited fat deposition in atrophied (P = 0.0311) and aged (P = 0.0216) skeletal muscle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D signalling is important to prevent fate decision of MPs towards the adipogenic lineage. As vitamin D levels decline with age, our data indicate that decreased vitamin D levels may be one of the causes of IMAT formation in older adults, and vitamin D signalling may be a novel therapeutic target for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Minako Kawai‐Takaishi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuko Nakamichi
- Institute for Oral ScienceMatsumoto Dental UniversityNaganoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Marie Takemura
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Life Science and EngineeringIryo Sosei UniversityFukushimaJapan
- Research Institute of Innovative MedicineTokiwa FoundationFukushimaJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasumoto Matsui
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
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Giacosa A, Barrile GC, Mansueto F, Rondanelli M. The nutritional support to prevent sarcopenia in the elderly. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1379814. [PMID: 38798767 PMCID: PMC11119320 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1379814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been described as a muscle disease, with multiple adverse consequences on human health. Recommendations aimed at supporting awareness, prevention, early detection and treatment of this disease are needed. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and early detection of elderly sarcopenia. As far as treatment is concerned, physical activity and nutritional support are specifically evaluated. An individually tailored resistance exercise training program appears to be crucial for a positive outcome of the sarcopenia prevention and treatment. The nutritional intervention is mostly based on the supplementation with high-quality proteins (i.e., whey protein) in order to increase the intake of essential amino acids and in particular of leucine. In addition, of relevant importance appears to be the supplementation with vitamin D, with omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics. This review evaluates the results of the most qualified studies on the nutritional supplementation of sarcopenic elderly subjects and shows that promising results have been achieved in community elderly subjects, or subjects followed in rehabilitation centers and in nursing homes, with additional resistance exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Mansueto
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Krasniqi E, Boshnjaku A, Ukëhaxhaj A, Wagner KH, Wessner B. Association between vitamin D status, physical performance, sex, and lifestyle factors: a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling Kosovar adults aged 40 years and older. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:821-834. [PMID: 38196008 PMCID: PMC10948476 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D status and its association with age-related decline in physical performance and strength have already been highlighted in various ways, but data on the situation in developing countries are scarce. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status, its association with muscle mass and function, and other potential determinants such as age, sex, lifestyle factors (physical activity, dietary behavior), self-perceived health status, medication intake, education and financial situation in adults from Kosovo. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 297 participants (54.5% women), aged ≥ 40 years. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration, hand grip strength and physical performance tests, body composition, vitamin D dietary intake and knowledge were assessed. The interaction between serum 25(OH)D status, lifestyle factors and muscle traits was investigated. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency (< 50 nmol/L) was observed in 47.5% of the total population, of whom 14.7% of them were severely deficient (< 30 nmol/L). No associations were found between 25(OH)D concentration and age. Daily dietary intake of vitamin D was low (1.89 ± 0.67 µg) and 87.6% of individuals did not take vitamin D supplements. However, vitamin D supplementation was the only variable that added statistical significance (p < 0.05) to the prediction of vitamin D status (3.8%). On the other hand, age, medication intake and vitamin D level contributed significantly to the overall regression model, explaining 24.9% of the 30-s chair stand performance as an indicator of lower-body strength endurance. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among community-dwelling adults in Kosovo and low serum 25(OH)D has been associated with low muscle strength. This implies an urgent need for the development of comprehensive prevention strategies, focusing on pharmacological (supplementation) but also on non-pharmacological strategies such as education, food fortification or lifestyle advices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Krasniqi
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf Der Schmelz 6, 1150, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arben Boshnjaku
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf Der Schmelz 6, 1150, Vienna, Austria
- University "Fehmi Agani" in Gjakova, Ismail Qemali N.N. 50000, Gjakovë, Kosovo
| | - Antigona Ukëhaxhaj
- University "Fehmi Agani" in Gjakova, Ismail Qemali N.N. 50000, Gjakovë, Kosovo
- National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo, Centre for Laboratory Testing, Mother Teresa, n.n., Hospital District, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf Der Schmelz 6, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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Qi H, Tian D, Luan F, Yang R, Zeng N. Pathophysiological changes of muscle after ischemic stroke: a secondary consequence of stroke injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:737-746. [PMID: 37843207 PMCID: PMC10664100 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient clinical evidence suggests that the damage caused by ischemic stroke to the body occurs not only in the acute phase but also during the recovery period, and that the latter has a greater impact on the long-term prognosis of the patient. However, current stroke studies have typically focused only on lesions in the central nervous system, ignoring secondary damage caused by this disease. Such a phenomenon arises from the slow progress of pathophysiological studies examining the central nervous system. Further, the appropriate therapeutic time window and benefits of thrombolytic therapy are still controversial, leading scholars to explore more pragmatic intervention strategies. As treatment measures targeting limb symptoms can greatly improve a patient's quality of life, they have become a critical intervention strategy. As the most vital component of the limbs, skeletal muscles have become potential points of concern. Despite this, to the best of our knowledge, there are no comprehensive reviews of pathophysiological changes and potential treatments for post-stroke skeletal muscle. The current review seeks to fill a gap in the current understanding of the pathological processes and mechanisms of muscle wasting atrophy, inflammation, neuroregeneration, mitochondrial changes, and nutritional dysregulation in stroke survivors. In addition, the challenges, as well as the optional solutions for individualized rehabilitation programs for stroke patients based on motor function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruocong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Wang L, Valencak TG, Shan T. Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle: Influential triggers and regulatory mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109221. [PMID: 38433917 PMCID: PMC10907799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle (also known as myosteatosis) is now recognized as a distinct disease from sarcopenia and is directly related to declining muscle capacity. Hence, understanding the origins and regulatory mechanisms of fat infiltration is vital for maintaining skeletal muscle development and improving human health. In this article, we summarized the triggering factors such as aging, metabolic diseases and metabolic syndromes, nonmetabolic diseases, and muscle injury that all induce fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. We discussed recent advances on the cellular origins of fat infiltration and found several cell types including myogenic cells and non-myogenic cells that contribute to myosteatosis. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular regulatory mechanism, detection methods, and intervention strategies of fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. Based on the current findings, our review will provide new insight into regulating function and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle and treating muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Xiang L, Du T, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Ma L. Vitamin D 3 supplementation shapes the composition of gut microbiota and improves some obesity parameters induced by high-fat diet in mice. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:155-172. [PMID: 37740812 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with vitamin D (VD) insufficiency have a greater tendency to develop obesity and have increased systemic inflammation. Gut microbiota are involved in the regulation of host inflammation and energy metabolism, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of VD3 on body weight, serum lipids, inflammatory factors, and intestinal barrier function in obese mice and to explore the regulatory effect of VD3 on gut microbiota in obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice received a normal chow diet (NCD, 10% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) to induce obesity within 10 weeks. Then, HFD mice were supplemented with 5650, 8475, or 11,300 IU VD3/kg diet for 8 weeks. Finally, 16 s rRNA analysis was performed to analyze gut microbiota composition in cecal contents. In addition, body weight, serum lipids, inflammatory factors, and intestinal barrier function were analyzed. RESULTS VD3 supplementation reduced body weight and the levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, TNF-α, IL-1β and LPS, and increased ZO-1 in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, it increased α-diversity, reduced F/B ratio and altered microbiota composition by increasing relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Desulfovibrio, Dehalobacterium, Odoribacter, and Parabacteroides and reducing relative abundance of Firmicutes and Ruminococcus. There were significant differences between HFD and NCD groups in several metabolic pathways, including endotoxin biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid synthesis and metabolism, and glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS Low, medium, and high doses of VD3 inhibited weight gain, reduced levels of blood lipids and inflammatory factors, and improved endotoxemia and gut barrier function in obese mice. It also increased the α-diversity of gut microbiota in obese mice and reduced the relative abundance of some intestinal pathogenic bacteria, increased the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria, and corrected the intestinal flora disorder of obese mice, with the low- and high-dose groups showing better effects than the medium-dose group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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di Filippo L, Frara S, Nannipieri F, Cotellessa A, Locatelli M, Rovere Querini P, Giustina A. Low Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Long COVID Syndrome in COVID-19 Survivors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1106-e1116. [PMID: 37051747 PMCID: PMC10505553 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Long COVID is an emerging syndrome affecting 50% to 70% of COVID-19 survivors that still lacks predicting factors. OBJECTIVE Due to the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D, we retrospectively assessed the association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and long COVID in COVID-19 survivors 6 months after hospitalization. METHODS Long COVID was defined according to NICE guidelines. Fifty long COVID and 50 non-long-COVID subjects matched on a 1:1 basis were enrolled from an outpatient clinic post-COVID cohort seen from August to November 2020. Therapies/comorbidities affecting calcium/vitamin D/bone metabolism, and/or admission to the intensive care unit during hospitalization were exclusion criteria. 25(OH) Vitamin D was measured at hospital admission and 6 months after discharge. RESULTS We observed lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels, evaluated at follow-up, in subjects with long COVID than those without (20.1 vs 23.2 ng/mL, P = .03). Regarding the affected health areas evaluated in the entire cohort, we observed lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels in those with neurocognitive symptoms at follow-up (n = 7) than those without (n = 93) (14.6 vs 20.6 ng/mL, P = .042). In patients presenting vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL), both at admission and at follow-up (n = 42), those affected by long COVID (n = 22) presented lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up than those not affected (n = 20) (12.7 vs 15.2 ng/mL, P = .041). In multiple regression analyses, lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up were the only variable significantly associated with long COVID in our cohort (P = .008, OR 1.09, CI 1.01-1.16). CONCLUSION COVID-19 survivors with long COVID have lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than matched patients without long COVID. Our data suggest that vitamin D levels should be evaluated in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. The role of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive strategy of COVID-19 sequelae should be tested in randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi di Filippo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Stefano Frara
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | | | - Alice Cotellessa
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Massimo Locatelli
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
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Shefflette A, Patel N, Caruso J. Mitigating Sarcopenia with Diet and Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6652. [PMID: 37681791 PMCID: PMC10487983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function from aging, inactivity, or disuse. It is a comorbidity to numerous conditions that exacerbates their severity and adversely impacts activities of daily living. While sarcopenia now receives more attention from the medical community, people with sarcopenia as a comorbidity nevertheless still sometimes receives less attention than other presenting diseases or conditions. Inevitable doctors' visits or hospital stays for those with sarcopenia as a comorbidity have far higher healthcare costs than those without this condition, which imposes a greater financial burden on the medical insurance and healthcare industries. This review offers information and guidance on this topic. Treatments for sarcopenia include dietary, exercise, and pharmacological interventions. Yet, the latter treatment is only recommended in extreme cases as it may evoke numerous side effects and has little support in the scientific literature. Currently, a more holistic approach, with an emphasis on lifestyle modification, to reduce the likelihood of sarcopenia is examined. The current review discusses dietary and exercise interventions to limit the occurrence and severity of sarcopenia. References cited in this review conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki requirements for the use of human research subjects. Most of this review's references (~97%) came from a PubMed search that spanned from 1997 to 2023. Search terms included "sarcopenia" OR "muscle wasting" OR "geriatrics"; OR "ageing"; and AND "diet" OR "exercise". In addition, papers relevant or supportive of the topic as well as those considered seminal were included in the review. Over 96% of the references were peer-reviewed articles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Caruso
- Exercise Physiology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (A.S.); (N.P.)
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Srikuea R, Hirunsai M. TGF-β1 stimulation and VDR-dependent activation modulate calcitriol action on skeletal muscle fibroblasts and Smad signalling-associated fibrogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13811. [PMID: 37612333 PMCID: PMC10447566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play a pivotal role in fibrogenesis after skeletal muscle injury. Excess fibrous formation can disrupt contractile functions and delay functional recovery. Although vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed explicitly in regenerating muscle compared with uninjured muscle, how calcitriol [1α,25(OH)2D3] directly regulates skeletal muscle primary fibroblast proliferation, the transition to myofibroblasts, and Smad signalling-associated fibrogenesis is currently unknown. Herein, the effects of calcitriol on cultured skeletal muscle primary fibroblasts of male C57BL/6 mice (aged 1 month old) were investigated. The percentage of BrdU+ nuclei in primary fibroblasts was significantly decreased after calcitriol treatment; however, the antiproliferative effect of calcitriol was diminished after TGF-β1 stimulation to induce fibroblast to myofibroblast transition. This suppressive effect was associated with significantly decreased VDR expression in TGF-β1-treated cells. In addition, Vdr siRNA transfection abolished the effects of calcitriol on the suppression of α-SMA expression and Smad2/3 signalling in myofibroblasts, supporting that its antifibrogenic effect requires VDR activation. Compared with calcitriol, the antifibrotic agent suramin could inhibit fibroblast/myofibroblast proliferation and suppress the expression of TCF-4, which regulates fibrogenic determination. Collectively, these findings suggest that profibrotic stimulation and VDR-dependent activation could modulate the effects of calcitriol on skeletal muscle fibroblast proliferation and fibrogenesis processes. Therefore, TGF-β1 and VDR expression levels are crucial determinants for the antifibrogenic effect of calcitriol on skeletal muscle after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchakrit Srikuea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Muthita Hirunsai
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
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Nasimi N, Sohrabi Z, Nunes EA, Sadeghi E, Jamshidi S, Gholami Z, Akbarzadeh M, Faghih S, Akhlaghi M, Phillips SM. Whey Protein Supplementation with or without Vitamin D on Sarcopenia-Related Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:762-773. [PMID: 37196876 PMCID: PMC10334153 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of supplementation with whey protein alone or with vitamin D on sarcopenia-related outcomes in older adults are unclear. We aimed to assess the effect of whey protein supplementation alone or with vitamin D on lean mass (LM), strength, and function in older adults with or without sarcopenia or frailty. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation with or without vitamin D on sarcopenia outcomes in healthy and sarcopenic or frail older adults were included. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for LM, muscle strength, and physical function data. The analysis showed that whey protein supplementation had no effect on LM and muscle strength; nevertheless, a significant improvement was found in physical function (SMD = 0.561; 95% confidence interval [CIs]: 0.256, 0.865, n = 33), particularly gait speed (GS). On the contrary, whey protein supplementation significantly improved LM (SMD = 0.982; 95% CI: 0.228, 1.736; n = 11), appendicular lean mass and physical function (SMD = 1.211; 95% CI: 0.588, 1.834; n = 16), and GS in sarcopenic/frail older adults. By contrast, co-supplementation with vitamin D enhanced LM gains (SMD =0.993; 95% CI: 0.112, 1.874; n = 11), muscle strength (SMD =2.005; 95% CI: 0.975, 3.035; n = 11), and physical function (SMD = 3.038; 95% CI: 2.196, 3.879; n = 18) significantly. Muscle strength and physical function improvements after whey protein supplementation plus vitamin D were observed without resistance exercise (RE) and short study duration subgroups. Moreover, the combination of whey protein and vitamin D with RE did not enhance the effect of RE. Whey protein supplementation improved LM and function in sarcopenic/frail older adults but had no positive effect in healthy older persons. By contrast, our meta-analysis showed that co-supplementation with whey protein and vitamin D is effective, particularly in healthy older adults, which is likely owing, we propose, to the correction of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. The trial was registered at https://inplasy.com as INPLASY202240167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Nasimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory of Investigation of Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Research Consultation Center (RCC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Karampela I, Christodoulatos GS, Papavasileiou G, Petropoulou D, Magkos F, Dalamaga M. Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10458. [PMID: 37445634 PMCID: PMC10341908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% of people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology of LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; a chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation and a defective immune response; the reactivation of latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal and metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for the diagnosis of LC, and clinical features including laboratory findings and biomarkers may not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop and validate biomarkers that can be employed for the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of LC and its therapeutic response, although this effort may be hampered by challenges pertaining to the non-specific nature of the majority of clinical manifestations in the LC spectrum, small sample sizes of relevant studies and other methodological issues. Promising candidate biomarkers that are found in some patients are markers of systemic inflammation, including acute phase proteins, cytokines and chemokines; biomarkers reflecting SARS-CoV-2 persistence, the reactivation of herpesviruses and immune dysregulation; biomarkers of endotheliopathy, coagulation and fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins and metabolites; hormonal and metabolic biomarkers; and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there are only two reviews summarizing relevant biomarkers; however, they do not cover the entire umbrella of current biomarkers, their link to etiopathogenetic mechanisms or the diagnostic work-up in a comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim to appraise and synopsize the available evidence on the typical laboratory manifestations and candidate biomarkers of LC, their classification based on pathogenetic mechanisms and the main LC symptomatology in the frame of the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the syndrome and furthermore assess limitations and challenges as well as potential implications in candidate therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Natalia G. Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Irene Karampela
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon General University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Georgios Papavasileiou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Dimitra Petropoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (D.P.)
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Wang T, Xu H, Wu S, Guo Y, Zhao G, Wang D. Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of the Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG in Sarcopenia Prevention and Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37316469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent among the older population and severely affects human health. Tea catechins may benefit for skeletal muscle performance and protect against secondary sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms underlying their antisarcopenic effect are still not fully understood. Despite initial successes in animal and early clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin of green tea, many challenges, problems, and unanswered questions remain. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential role and underlying mechanisms of EGCG in sarcopenia prevention and management. We thoroughly review the general biological activities and general effects of EGCG on skeletal muscle performance, EGCG's antisarcopenic mechanisms, and recent clinical evidence of the aforesaid effects and mechanisms. We also address safety issues and provide directions for future studies. The possible concerted actions of EGCG indicate the need for further studies on sarcopenia prevention and management in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangshan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
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14
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Sutandyo N, Cintakaweni DMW, Setiawan L, Hariani R, Utami N. Association of Body Composition and Handgrip Strength with Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Vitamin D Level in Cancer Patients. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1995-2001. [PMID: 37251283 PMCID: PMC10224722 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s388457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cachexia is prevalent in cancer and is associated with poorer prognosis. We aimed to investigate the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vitamin D levels with cachexia in cancer patients. We also assessed the relationship between body composition profile and cachexia, IL-6, and vitamin D levels. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital. The study included patients with newly diagnosed biopsy-proven nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood samples, anthropometrics, and body composition were measured. Results A total of 150 cancer patients were included in the study, with a median age of 52 years, and 64% (n = 96) are female. The prevalence of cachexia was 57%. Cancer patients with cachexia had higher IL-6 levels (P = 0.025). No association between cachexia and vitamin D levels was found (P = 0.787). Patients with cachexia had lower body composition components than those without cachexia (P < 0.05). Vitamin D levels were positively correlated with muscle mass, visceral fat, and handgrip strength (P < 0.05), while no association between IL-6 and body composition was found. Conclusion Cancer-associated cachexia is associated with a higher level of IL-6, lower BMI, lower fat mass index, and lower visceral fat. Vitamin D levels, but not IL-6, are correlated with muscle mass, muscle strength, and visceral fat in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorwati Sutandyo
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Lyana Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Laboratory, Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ririn Hariani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nani Utami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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15
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Sadowsky CL. Targeting Sarcopenia as an Objective Clinical Outcome in the Care of Children with Spinal Cord-Related Paralysis: A Clinician's View. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:837. [PMID: 37238385 PMCID: PMC10217275 DOI: 10.3390/children10050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Muscle loss is consistently associated with immobility and paralysis and triggers significant metabolic and functional changes. The negative effects of sarcopenia are amplified in children who are in the process of building their muscle mass as part of development. Because muscle mass loss is consistently associated with increased morbidity and mortality throughout life, optimizing the size and health of muscles following a neurologic injury is an objective target for therapeutic interventions. This review hypothesizes that muscle mass correlates with functional outcomes in children with paralysis related to spinal cord-related neurologic deficits. We propose that the measurement of muscle mass in this population can be used as an objective outcome for clinical long-term care. Finally, some practical clinical approaches to improving muscle mass are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L. Sadowsky
- International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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García-Vigara A, Monllor-Tormos A, García-Pérez MÁ, Tarín JJ, Cano A. Genetic variants of the vitamin D receptor are related to dynapenia in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2023; 171:40-44. [PMID: 37001478 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynapenia increases with age and in the case of women is possibly influenced by menopause, yet whether vitamin D affects this increase remains controversial. The influence of genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of the vitamin D receptor on dynapenia is an understudied area. AIM To analyze the association between genetic variants of the vitamin D receptor gene and dynapenia in a cohort of community-dwelling postmenopausal women. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 463 women in a university hospital. Grip strength was used as an indicator of dynapenia. Differences in grip strength among single nucleotide polymorphisms rs11568820 and rs2228570 genotypes of the vitamin D receptor gene were assessed after adjusting for confounding variables, and the percentage of phenotypic variance was estimated by linear regression. RESULTS Dynapenia (grip strength <20 kg) was diagnosed in 178 of the women (38.45 %). A difference in grip strength, corresponding to variants of the vitamin D receptor gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs11568820, was found when using an additive model of inheritance, with lower grip strength for the TT genotype (ANOVA, p = 0.030, close to the 0.025 significance level determined by Bonferroni correction). Assuming a recessive inheritance model for allele T, the between-group difference in grip strength was significant (TT = 19.79 ± 3.10 kg vs. CC/CT = 21.58 ± 3.49 kg, p = 0.008) after adjusting for age, body mass index, comorbidities, and sociodemographic variables. More women with dynapenia had the TT genotype (60.71 %) than the CC or CT genotype (37.01 %) (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the TT genotype of the rs11568820 SNP of the vitamin D receptor gene was associated with decreased grip strength in community-dwelling postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia García-Vigara
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Aitana Monllor-Tormos
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, and INCLIVA, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan J Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cano
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Grant WB, Al Anouti F, Boucher BJ, Fakhoury HMA, Moukayed M, Pilz S, Al-Daghri NM. Evidence That Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations to 30 ng/mL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Could Greatly Improve Health Outcomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040994. [PMID: 37189612 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the potential protective effects of vitamin D against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, autoimmune diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease and stroke), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and infectious diseases such as acute respiratory tract diseases, COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. The respective evidence is based on ecological and observational studies, randomized controlled trials, mechanistic studies, and Mendelian randomization studies. However, randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation have largely failed to show benefits, probably due to poor design and analysis. In this work, we aim to use the best available evidence on the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D to estimate the expected reduction in incidence and mortality rates of vitamin D-related diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates if minimum serum 25(OH)D concentrations were to be raised to 30 ng/mL. Estimated reductions by 25% for myocardial infarction incidence, 35% for stroke incidence, 20 to 35% for cardiovascular disease mortality, and 35% for cancer mortality rates depicted a promising potential for raising serum 25(OH)D. Methods to increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations at the population level could include food fortification with vitamin D3, vitamin D supplementation, improved dietary vitamin D intake, and sensible sun exposure.
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18
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Increasing Muscle Mass in Elders through Diet and Exercise: A Literature Review of Recent RCTs. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061218. [PMID: 36981144 PMCID: PMC10048759 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review the current evidence on the independent and combined effects of diet and exercise and their impact on skeletal muscle mass in the elderly population. Skeletal muscle makes up approximately 40% of total body weight and is essential for performing daily activities. The combination of exercise and diet is known to be a potent anabolic stimulus through stimulation of muscle protein synthesis from amino acids. Aging is strongly associated with a generalized deterioration of physiological function, including a progressive reduction in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which in turn leads to a gradual functional impairment and an increased rate of disability resulting in falls, frailty, or even death. The term sarcopenia, which is an age-related syndrome, is primarily used to describe the gradual and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass (mainly in type II muscle fibers) and function. Multimodal training is emerging as a popular training method that combines a wide range of physical dimensions. On the other hand, nutrition and especially protein intake provide amino acids, which are essential for muscle protein synthesis. According to ESPEN, protein intake in older people should be at least 1 g/kgbw/day. Essential amino acids, such as leucine, arginine, cysteine, and glutamine, are of particular importance for the regulation of muscle protein synthesis. For instance, a leucine intake of 3 g administered alongside each main meal has been suggested to prevent muscle loss in the elderly. In addition, studies have shown that vitamin D and other micronutrients can have a protective role and may modulate muscle growth; nevertheless, further research is needed to validate these claims. Resistance-based exercise combined with a higher intake of dietary protein, amino acids, and/or vitamin D are currently recognized as the most effective interventions to promote skeletal muscle growth. However, the results are quite controversial and contradictory, which could be explained by the high heterogeneity among studies. It is therefore necessary to further assess the impact of each individual exercise and nutritional approach, particularly protein and amino acids, on human muscle turnover so that more efficient strategies can be implemented for the augmentation of muscle mass in the elderly.
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Wierzbicka A, Świątkiewicz M, Tyra M, Szmatoła T, Oczkowicz M. Effect of different doses of cholecalciferol and calcidiol on meat quality parameters and skeletal muscle transcriptome profiles in swine. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109071. [PMID: 36512856 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue is one of the potential targets for vitamin D actions. There are indications that vitamin D supplementation to swine has a positive effect on meat quality. However, these issues need further study, especially in terms of response to the use of different forms of vitamin D. We carried out a multi-purpose study to compare the effects of cholecalciferol and calcidiol on meat quality and muscle tissue transcriptome. Meat quality assessment and gene expression analysis were performed on longissimus dorsi samples collected from swine fed grower/finisher diets containing 2000 IU cholecalciferol/1500 IU cholecalciferol per kg (n = 8), 3000 IU cholecalciferol/2500 IU cholecalciferol per kg (n = 10), 2000 IU cholecalciferol +1000 IU calcidiol/1500 IU cholecaliferol +1000 IU calcidiol per kg (n = 8), and 2000 IU calcidiol/1500 IU calcidiol per kg (n = 8). The results suggest that increasing the dose of cholecalciferol and using calcidiol in the diet of finishers may improve meat texture parameters (shear force P = 0,014, toughness P = 0,048, cohesiveness P = 0,017, resilience P = 0,002). Shear force (68.46 N-51.42 N) and toughness (145.85 N-114.52 N) decreased the most under the effect of increasing cholecalciferol dosage. In turn, cohesiveness (0.60 N-0.65 N) and resilience (0.23 N-0.28 N) increased most strongly under the use of cholecalciferol+calcidiol. Moreover, the results indicate no significant effect of increasing cholecalciferol dose and use calcidiol in the swine diet on muscle tissue transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Wierzbicka
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Tyra
- Department of Pig Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Rędzina 1c, 30 248 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maria Oczkowicz
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
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20
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Della Peruta C, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Renzini A, Moresi V, Sanchez Riera C, Bouché M, Coletti D. Sex Differences in Inflammation and Muscle Wasting in Aging and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054651. [PMID: 36902081 PMCID: PMC10003083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Only in recent years, thanks to a precision medicine-based approach, have treatments tailored to the sex of each patient emerged in clinical trials. In this regard, both striated muscle tissues present significant differences between the two sexes, which may have important consequences for diagnosis and therapy in aging and chronic illness. In fact, preservation of muscle mass in disease conditions correlates with survival; however, sex should be considered when protocols for the maintenance of muscle mass are designed. One obvious difference is that men have more muscle than women. Moreover, the two sexes differ in inflammation parameters, particularly in response to infection and disease. Therefore, unsurprisingly, men and women respond differently to therapies. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview on what is known about sex differences in skeletal muscle physiology and disfunction, such as disuse atrophy, age-related sarcopenia, and cachexia. In addition, we summarize sex differences in inflammation which may underly the aforementioned conditions because pro-inflammatory cytokines deeply affect muscle homeostasis. The comparison of these three conditions and their sex-related bases is interesting because different forms of muscle atrophy share common mechanisms; for instance, those responsible for protein dismantling are similar although differing in terms of kinetics, severity, and regulatory mechanisms. In pre-clinical research, exploring sexual dimorphism in disease conditions could highlight new efficacious treatments or recommend implementation of an existing one. Any protective factors discovered in one sex could be exploited to achieve lower morbidity, reduce the severity of the disease, or avoid mortality in the opposite sex. Thus, the understanding of sex-dependent responses to different forms of muscle atrophy and inflammation is of pivotal importance to design innovative, tailored, and efficient interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Della Peruta
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology (Nanotec), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carles Sanchez Riera
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Marina Bouché
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Dario Coletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, 75005 Paris, France
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Acevedo LM, Vidal Á, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Muscle plasticity is influenced by renal function and caloric intake through the FGF23-vitamin D axis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C14-C28. [PMID: 36409180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00306.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the main metabolic engine in the body of vertebrates, is endowed with great plasticity. The association between skeletal muscle plasticity and two highly prevalent health problems: renal dysfunction and obesity, which share etiologic links as well as many comorbidities, is a subject of great relevance. It is important to know how these alterations impact on the structure and function of skeletal muscle because the changes in muscle phenotype have a major influence on the quality of life of the patients. This literature review aims to discuss the influence of a nontraditional axis involving kidney, bone, and muscle on skeletal muscle plasticity. In this axis, the kidneys play a role as the main site for vitamin D activation. Renal disease leads to a direct decrease in 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, secondary to reduction in renal functional mass, and has an indirect effect, through phosphate retention, that contributes to stimulate fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion by bone cells. FGF23 downregulates the renal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D and upregulates its metabolism. Skeletal production of FGF23 is also regulated by caloric intake: it is increased in obesity and decreased by caloric restriction, and these changes impact on 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations, which are decreased in obesity and increased after caloric restriction. Thus, both phosphate retention, that develops secondary to renal failure, and caloric intake influence 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D that in turn plays a key role in muscle anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Acevedo
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Ángela Vidal
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - José-Luis L Rivero
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain
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22
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Sun L, Fu J, Mu Z, Duan X, Chan P, Xiu S. Association between body fat and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1094075. [PMID: 36777353 PMCID: PMC9911832 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1094075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between body fat (BF%) and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and potential link with increased levels of inflammatory indicators and insulin resistance. METHODS A total of 543 older adults with T2DM were included in this cross-sectional study. Appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), handgrip strength and gait speed were measured to diagnose sarcopenia according to the updated Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Body composition data were tested using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Levels of serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6, fasting blood insulin (FINS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH) D3] were also determined. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia in all participants was 8.84%, of which 11.90% were male and 5.84% females. The Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that BF% was negatively correlated with gait speed in men and women (R =-0.195, P=0.001; R = -0.136, P =0.025, respectively). After adjusting for all potential confounders, sarcopenia was positive associated with BF% (male, OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15-1.65, P< 0.001; female, OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.56, P=0.007), and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (male, OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.73, P<0.001; female, OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.33-0.70, P<0.001). No significant differences were found in hs-CRP, interleukin-6, and insulin resistance between older T2DM adults with and without sarcopenia. CONCLUSION Higher BF% was linked to an increased risk of sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM, suggesting the importance of assessing BF% rather than BMI alone to manage sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijing Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Center for Parkinson’s Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson’s Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Piu Chan, ; Shuangling Xiu,
| | - Shuangling Xiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Piu Chan, ; Shuangling Xiu,
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23
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Delinocente MLB, Luiz MM, de Oliveira DC, de Souza AF, Ramírez PC, de Oliveira Máximo R, Soares NC, Steptoe A, de Oliveira C, da Silva Alexandre T. Are Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency Risk Factors for the Incidence of Dynapenia? Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:571-579. [PMID: 36109388 PMCID: PMC9613743 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence showing the association between low 25(OH)D and age-related reduction in neuromuscular strength (dynapenia) is a paucity and controversial and, to date, the effect of osteoporosis and vitamin D supplementation on these associations has not been measured. Thus, we analyze whether serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency are risk factors for the incidence of dynapenia in individuals aged 50 or older and whether osteoporosis or vitamin D supplementation modify these associations. For that, 3205 participants of the ELSA study who were non-dynapenic at baseline were followed for 4 years. Vitamin D was measured at baseline by the serum concentration of 25(OH)D and classified as sufficient (> 50 nmol/L), insufficient (≥ 30 and ≤ 50 nmol/L) or deficient (< 30 nmol/L). The incidence of dynapenia was determined by a grip strength < 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women at the end of the 4-year follow-up. Poisson regression models were adjusted by sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical and biochemical characteristics. Serum 25(OH)D deficient was a risk factor for the incidence of dynapenia (IRR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.04-2.79). When only individuals without osteoporosis and those who did not use vitamin D supplementation were analyzed, both serum 25(OH)D deficiency (IRR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.01-3.13) and insufficiency (IRR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.06-2.94) were risk factors for the incidence of dynapenia. In conclusion, a serum level of 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L is a risk factor for the incidence of dynapenia. Among individuals without osteoporosis and those who do not take vitamin D supplementation, the threshold of risk is higher (≤ 50 nmol/L).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariane Marques Luiz
- Post Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Post Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paula Camila Ramírez
- Post Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Escuela de Fisioterapia, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Natália Cochar Soares
- Post Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago da Silva Alexandre
- Post Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP-310, Brazil.
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24
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Miao D, Goltzman D. Mechanisms of action of vitamin D in delaying aging and preventing disease by inhibiting oxidative stress. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 121:293-318. [PMID: 36707138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although several recent studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation beneficially decreases oxidative stress parameters, there is no consensus on this subject in humans. Thus the role of vitamin D supplementation has recently become a controversial topic because large intervention studies in humans have not shown significant benefits. These studies have indicated that supplementation with precursor forms of active vitamin D has no effect on all-cause mortality, cannot reduce the fracture risk of the elderly, cannot reduce the incidence of cancer or cardiovascular disease in the elderly, and cannot significantly reduce the incidence risk of diabetes in the elderly. However, a link between several age-related diseases and enhanced oxidative stress has been found in mice with insufficient or deficient 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active form of vitamin D, which indicates that reduced active vitamin D accelerates aging and age-related diseases by increasing oxidative stress. Furthermore, supplementation of exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3, or antioxidants, could dramatically postpone aging, prevent osteoporosis and spontaneous tumor development induced by 1,25(OH)2D insufficiency or deficiency, by inhibiting oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the antioxidative effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 are carried out via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by activation of the Nrf2 oxidative stress response pathway though transcriptional or posttranscriptional activation of Nrf2 or transcriptional upregulation of Sirt1 and Bmi1 expression. Whether discrepancies between studies in humans and in mice reflect the different forms of vitamin D examined remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Goltzman
- McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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25
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Functional Nutrients to Ameliorate Neurogenic Muscle Atrophy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111149. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that occurs from nerve trauma in association with diseases or during aging, leading to reduced interaction between motoneurons and skeletal fibers. Current therapeutic approaches aiming at preserving muscle mass in a scenario of decreased nervous input include physical activity and employment of drugs that slow down the progression of the condition yet provide no concrete resolution. Nutritional support appears as a precious tool, adding to the success of personalized medicine, and could thus play a relevant part in mitigating neurogenic muscle atrophy. We herein summarize the molecular pathways triggered by denervation of the skeletal muscle that could be affected by functional nutrients. In this narrative review, we examine and discuss studies pertaining to the use of functional ingredients to counteract neurogenic muscle atrophy, focusing on their preventive or curative means of action within the skeletal muscle. We reviewed experimental models of denervation in rodents and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as that caused by aging, considering the knowledge generated with use of animal experimental models and, also, from human studies.
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26
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Fu C, Wu F, Chen F, Han E, Gao Y, Xu Y. Association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D with gait speed and handgrip strength in patients on hemodialysis. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:350. [PMID: 36319951 PMCID: PMC9628114 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle dysfunction is prevalent in dialysis patients. Gait speed and handgrip strength are simple and reliable methods of assessing muscle function. Numerous observational studies have linked 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25(OH)D] status with gait speed and handgrip strength in populations without kidney diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the potential associations of 25(OH)D status with gait speed and handgrip strength in patients on hemodialysis. METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study, demographic data, biological data, and dialysis parameters were collected. Gait speed and handgrip strength were measured. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship of 25(OH)D status with gait speed and handgrip strength after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Overall, a total of 118 participants undergoing hemodialysis were included. Seventy-one (60.2%) participants were male. The median 25(OH)D status in participants was 11.58 (interquartile range: 8.51 to 15.41) ng/ml. When controlling for age, gender, dialysis vintage, and other confounders with a p-value < 0.15 in univariate analyses, 25(OH)D was significantly positively associated with gait speed (β = 0.16, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.28, p = 0.006) and handgrip strength (β = 3.83, 95% CI 1.09 to 6.56, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Our study showed that 25(OH)D status seemed to be associated with gait speed and handgrip strength in patients on hemodialysis. However, these results were not robust. The relationships between 25(OH)D status and gait speed and handgrip should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fu
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Department of Nephrology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, 100035 Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Wu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Nephrology, The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Department of Nephrology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, 100035 Beijing, China
| | - Enhong Han
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Nephrology, The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Gao
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Nephrology, The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Yongxing Xu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Nephrology, The Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA), Beijing, China
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27
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Li H, Han D, Wang H, Shu D, Xu L, Hou L, Xu Y, Lai X. The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Activity of Daily Living in the Elderly. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6357-6364. [PMID: 35935099 PMCID: PMC9355018 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s366203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the association between vitamin D and the performance of activity of daily living in the elderly. Methods A total of 94 patients over the age of 65 were eligible to participate if they had undergone a bone mineral density test and if they were in a stable health condition. Subjects were further divided into two groups according to activity of daily living (ADL): the score over 40 of the patients as the high ADL group and the below as the low ADL group. Results According to univariate analysis, the mean of total hip T score, serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR), and vitamin D were significantly different between the two groups (P=0.024, 0.008, 0.010). Multivariate ORs showed that the CCR (OR: 0.948; 95%CI: 0.910–0.989; P=0.013) and vitamin D (OR: 865; 95%CI: 0.752–0.994; P=0.047) were inversely associated with having low ADL. Furthermore, on multiple linear regression analysis, the Barthel ADL index was related to geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), CCR and vitamin D but independent of patients’ age with the slope of 0.732, 0.539, and 0.689 separately, reflected the stronger relative within the variables. Conclusion We demonstrated that there is a negative correlation of CCR and vitamin D with having low ADL in elderly population. Monitoring the trend of serum vitamin D and CCR, may have a role in the early detection of low ADL with loss of muscle mass and strength in the population of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Han
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Shu
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liufang Hou
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Xu; Xueli Lai, Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Shoemaker ME, Huynh LM, Smith CM, Mustad VA, Duarte MO, Cramer JT. Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections and COVID-19. TOP CLIN NUTR 2022; 37:203-217. [PMID: 35761885 PMCID: PMC9222791 DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about potential protective factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), referred to as COVID-19. Suboptimal vitamin D status is a risk factor for immune dysfunction, respiratory tract infections (RTIs), and viral infections. Supplementation of vitamin D (2000-4000 IU) has decreased incidence and complications from RTIs, respiratory distress syndrome, and pneumonia and may be beneficial in high-risk populations. Given the possible link between low vitamin D status and RTIs, such as COVID-19, this review examined whether vitamin D supplementation can be supported as a nutritional strategy for reducing risk of infection, complications, and mortality from COVID-19 and found that the relationship between vitamin D and RTIs warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E. Shoemaker
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Linda M. Huynh
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Cory M. Smith
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Vikkie A. Mustad
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Maria O. Duarte
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Joel T. Cramer
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
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29
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Effect of Calcifediol on Physical Performance and Muscle Strength Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091860. [PMID: 35565827 PMCID: PMC9103966 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is general agreement that optimal vitamin D status is necessary for bones, muscles, and general health, particularly in older adults, who are at higher risk of negative consequences of vitamin D deficiency, including sarcopenia; vitamin D supplementation is proposed as a potential intervention to mitigate sarcopenia. Several RCTs have reported that calcifediol (25(OH)D) was more potent than cholecalciferol in increasing plasma 25(OH)D. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of calcifediol on physical performance and muscle strength. We searched databases from inception to 1 January 2022 for studies investigating calcifediol on physical performance or muscle strength parameters. We calculated the difference between the means of follow-up vs. baseline data using standardized mean differences (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs); a random-effect model was considered for all of the analyses. Seven RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Calcifediol significantly improved gait speed (SMD = 2.500; 95%CI = 1.768−3.223; p < 0.0001); handgrip strength (n = 5446 participants, SMD = 0.532; 95%CI: 0.305−0.758; p < 0.0001; I2 = 20.2%); and leg extension (n = 4318 participants, SMD = 0.641; 95%CI: 0.346 to 0.935; p < 0.0001; I2 = 18.8%;) vs. baseline values. In conclusion, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we observed that calcifediol may have a positive effect on muscle strength parameters, with less evidence on physical performance. These data further indicate the importance of vitamin D and, in particular, of calcifediol, not only on bone metabolism but also on muscle parameters and sarcopenia.
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30
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Di Felice V, Barone R, Trovato E, D’Amico D, Macaluso F, Campanella C, Marino Gammazza A, Muccilli V, Cunsolo V, Cancemi P, Multhoff G, Coletti D, Adamo S, Farina F, Cappello F. Physiactisome: A New Nanovesicle Drug Containing Heat Shock Protein 60 for Treating Muscle Wasting and Cachexia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091406. [PMID: 35563712 PMCID: PMC9100106 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, no commercially available drugs have the ability to reverse cachexia or counteract muscle wasting and the loss of lean mass. Here, we report the methodology used to develop Physiactisome—a conditioned medium released by heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60)—overexpressing C2C12 cell lines enriched with small and large extracellular vesicles. We also present evidence supporting its use in the treatment of cachexia. Briefly, we obtain a nanovesicle-based secretion by genetically modifying C2C12 cell lines with an Hsp60-overexpressing plasmid. The secretion is used to treat naïve C2C12 cell lines. Physiactisome activates the expression of PGC-1α isoform 1, which is directly involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle atrophy suppression, in naïve C2C12 cell lines. Proteomic analyses show Hsp60 localisation inside isolated nanovesicles and the localisation of several apocrine and merocrine molecules, with potential benefits for severe forms of muscle atrophy. Considering that Physiactisome can be easily obtained following tissue biopsy and can be applied to autologous muscle stem cells, we propose a potential nanovesicle-based anti-cachexia drug that could mimic the beneficial effects of exercise. Thus, Physiactisome may improve patient survival and quality of life. Furthermore, the method used to add Hsp60 into nanovesicles can be used to deliver other drugs or active proteins to vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.B.); (E.T.); (D.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.F.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.B.); (E.T.); (D.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Eleonora Trovato
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.B.); (E.T.); (D.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Daniela D’Amico
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.B.); (E.T.); (D.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.F.); (F.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77573, USA
| | - Filippo Macaluso
- SMART Engineering Solutions & Technologies Research Center, eCampus University, 22160 Novedrate, Italy;
- Euro-Mediterranean Institutes of Science and Technology, 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.B.); (E.T.); (D.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.B.); (E.T.); (D.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95129 Catania, Italy; (V.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95129 Catania, Italy; (V.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Patrizia Cancemi
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM, 80333 Munich, Germany;
| | - Dario Coletti
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (S.A.)
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sergio Adamo
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (S.A.)
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Felicia Farina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.B.); (E.T.); (D.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.B.); (E.T.); (D.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.F.); (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institutes of Science and Technology, 90139 Palermo, Italy
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Jiang Z, Zhang L, Yao Z, Cao W, Ma S, Chen Y, Guang L, Zheng Z, Li C, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N. Machine learning-based phenotypic screening for postmitotic growth inducers uncover vitamin D3 metabolites as small molecule ribosome agonists. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13214. [PMID: 35411556 PMCID: PMC9136510 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To restore tissue growth without increasing the risk for cancer during aging, there is a need to identify small molecule drugs that can increase cell growth without increasing cell proliferation. While there have been numerous high‐throughput drug screens for cell proliferation, there have been few screens for post‐mitotic anabolic growth. Materials and Methods A machine learning (ML)‐based phenotypic screening strategy was used to discover metabolites that boost muscle growth. Western blot, qRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate myotube hypertrophy/maturation or protein synthesis. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based thermal proteome profiling‐temperature range (TPP‐TR) technology was used to identify the protein targets that bind the metabolites. Ribo‐MEGA size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis was used to verify whether the ribosome proteins bound to calcitriol. Results We discovered both the inactive cholecalciferol and the bioactive calcitriol are amongst the top hits that boost post‐mitotic growth. A large number of ribosomal proteins' melting curves were affected by calcitriol treatment, suggesting that calcitriol binds to the ribosome complex directly. Purified ribosomes directly bound to pure calcitriol. Moreover, we found that calcitriol could increase myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein translation and overall nascent protein synthesis in a cycloheximide‐sensitive manner, indicating that calcitriol can directly bind and enhance ribosomal activity to boost muscle growth. Conclusion Through the combined strategy of ML‐based phenotypic screening and MS‐based omics, we have fortuitously discovered a new class of metabolite small molecules that can directly activate ribosomes to promote post‐mitotic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zipeng Zheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Sarcopenia in Children with Solid Organ Tumors: An Instrumental Era. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081278. [PMID: 35455957 PMCID: PMC9024674 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has recently been studied in both adults and children and was found to be a prognostic marker for adverse outcome in a variety of patient groups. Our research showed that sarcopenia is a relevant marker in predicting outcome in children with solid organ tumors, such as hepatoblastoma and neuroblastoma. This was especially true in very ill, high-risk groups. Children with cancer have a higher likelihood of ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass due to a mismatch in energy intake and expenditure. Additionally, the effects of cancer therapy, hormonal alterations, chronic inflammation, multi-organ dysfunction, and a hypermetabolic state all contribute to a loss of skeletal muscle mass. Sarcopenia seems to be able to pinpoint this waste to a high degree in a new and objective way, making it an additional tool in predicting and improving outcome in children. This article focuses on the current state of sarcopenia in children with solid organ tumors. It details the pathophysiological mechanisms behind sarcopenia, highlighting the technical features of the available methods for measuring muscle mass, strength, and function, including artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques. It also reviews the latest research on sarcopenia in children, focusing on children with solid organ tumors.
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Cereda E, Pisati R, Rondanelli M, Caccialanza R. Whey Protein, Leucine- and Vitamin-D-Enriched Oral Nutritional Supplementation for the Treatment of Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071524. [PMID: 35406137 PMCID: PMC9003251 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been recognized as a muscle disease, with adverse consequences on health. Updated recommendations, aimed at increasing awareness of sarcopenia and its accompanying risks, have been produced to urge the early detection and treatment of this disease. Recommended treatment is based on an individually tailored resistance exercise training program, the optimization of protein intake using high-quality protein sources (i.e., whey protein) in order to provide a high amount of essential amino acids—particularly leucine—and addressing vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. The purpose of this review is to collate and describe all of the relevant efficacy studies carried out with a muscle-targeted oral nutritional supplementation (MT-ONS)—namely a whey-protein-based, leucine- and vitamin D-enriched formula aimed at optimizing their intake and satisfying their requirements—in different patient populations and clinical settings in order to determine if there is enough evidence to recommend prescription for the treatment of sarcopenia or its prevention in high-risk patient populations. Trials using a MT-ONS with or without a concomitant physical exercise program were systematically searched (up to June 2021), and those addressing relevant endpoints (muscle mass, physical performance and function) were critically reviewed. In total, 10 articles providing efficacy data from eight trials were identified and narratively reviewed. As far as older patients with sarcopenia are concerned, MT-ONS has been pertinently tested in six clinical trials (duration 4–52 weeks), mostly using a high-quality randomized controlled trial design and demonstrating efficacy in increasing the muscle mass and strength, as well as the physical performance versus iso-caloric placebo or standard practice. Consistent results have been observed in various clinical settings (community, rehabilitation centers, care homes), with or without adjunctive physical exercise programs. A positive effect on markers of inflammation has also been shown. A muscle-protein-sparing effect, with benefits on physical performance and function, has also been demonstrated in patients at risk of losing skeletal muscle mass (three trials), such as older patients undergoing weight loss or intensive rehabilitation programs associated with neurological disability (Parkinson’s disease). MT-ONS has demonstrated not only a significant efficacy in clinical variables, but also a positive impact on healthcare resource consumption in the rehabilitation setting (length of stay and duration of rehabilitation). In summary, MT-ONS, alone or in association with an appropriate exercise program, is an effective therapy for older patients with sarcopenia and should be offered as a first-line treatment, not only to improve clinical outcomes but also to reduce healthcare resource consumption, particularly in patients admitted to a rehabilitation center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.P.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-501615; Fax: + 39-0382-502801
| | - Roberto Pisati
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.P.); (R.C.)
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34
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Tagliafico AS, Rossi F, Bignotti B, Torri L, Bonsignore A, Belgioia L, Domineitto A. CT-derived relationship between low relative muscle mass and bone damage in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing stem cells transplantation. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20210923. [PMID: 34918544 PMCID: PMC9153728 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia or low muscle mass is related to worse prognosis in cancer patients. We investigated whether muscle mass is related to bone damage on CT in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS Approval from the institutional review board was obtained. N = 74 consecutive patients (mean age, 60.8 years ± 9.24 [standard deviation]; range, 36-89 years) for MM who underwent transplant were included. Sarcopenia cut-off points defined as skeletal muscle index (SMI) used were<41 cm2/m2. To assess bone damage in MM the MSBDS (myeloma spine and bone damage score) was used. One-way analysis of variance and the X2 test were used. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to generate progression and survival curves according to SMI and MSBDS. The testing level was set at 0.05. RESULTS The median SMI was 47.1 ± 14.2 and according to SMI 18/74 (24%) had sarcopenia which was more prevalent in females (p.001). A strong and significant association between patients with low muscle mass and elevated bone damage (24/74, 32.4%) and patients with normal/non-low muscle mass low bone damage (30/74, 40.5%) was present. Multiple Logistic regression did not show any significant relationship or confounding influence among SMI and MSBDS regarding sex (p.127), cytogenetic status (p.457), staging (p.756) and relapse (.126). Neither SMI nor MSBDS resulted significantly related to overall survival as shown in Kaplan-Meier analysis. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia and bone damage affected MM patients undergoing stem cell transplantation and are significantly associated. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Quantitative measurement of sarcopenia and bone damage on CT resulted present in MM patients undergoing stem cell transplantation and are significantly associated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Torri
- Vascular
Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana,
Pisa, Italy
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35
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Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Interconnection between Cardiac Cachexia and Heart Failure—Protective Role of Cardiac Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061039. [PMID: 35326490 PMCID: PMC8946995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia may be caused by congestive heart failure, and it is then called cardiac cachexia, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiac cachexia also worsens skeletal muscle degradation. Cardiac cachexia is the loss of edema-free muscle mass with or without affecting fat tissue. It is mainly caused by a loss of balance between protein synthesis and degradation, or it may result from intestinal malabsorption. The loss of balance in protein synthesis and degradation may be the consequence of altered endocrine mediators such as insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, ghrelin, melanocortin, growth hormone and neuropeptide Y. In contrast to many other health problems, fat accumulation in the heart is protective in this condition. Fat in the heart can be divided into epicardial, myocardial and cardiac steatosis. In this review, we describe and discuss these topics, pointing out the interconnection between heart failure and cardiac cachexia and the protective role of cardiac obesity. We also set the basis for possible screening methods that may allow for a timely diagnosis of cardiac cachexia, since there is still no cure for this condition. Several therapeutic procedures are discussed including exercise, nutritional proposals, myostatin antibodies, ghrelin, anabolic steroids, anti-inflammatory substances, beta-adrenergic agonists, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, cannabinoids, statins, thalidomide, proteasome inhibitors and pentoxifylline. However, to this date, there is no cure for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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36
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Biomarker Changes in Response to a 12-Week Supplementation of an Oral Nutritional Supplement Enriched with Protein, Vitamin D and HMB in Malnourished Community Dwelling Older Adults with Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061196. [PMID: 35334853 PMCID: PMC8953113 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition and sarcopenia commonly overlap and contribute to adverse health outcomes. Previously, chronic supplementation with two oral nutritional supplements (ONS), control (CONS) and experimental ONS enriched with protein, vitamin D and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) (EONS), improved muscle strength and quality in malnourished sarcopenic older adults, with EONS demonstrating early strength benefits at 12 weeks. To understand the underlying biological mechanisms contributing to the observed early strength benefits of EONS, we examined serum biomarker changes in response to 12-week supplementation. Serum samples (EONS (n = 90) and CONS (n = 103)) collected at baseline and 12 weeks were analyzed. Biomarkers (n = 243) were measured using multiplexed immunoassay, commercial immunoassays and ELISAs. Sixty markers were excluded with levels below assay detection limits. Sixteen biomarkers significantly changed in response to both interventions including nutritional and metabolic markers. Thirteen biomarkers significantly changed in response to EONS but not CONS. Increases in immunoglobulins, myoglobin, total protein, vitamin E and magnesium were observed with EONS. Inflammation-related ferritin and osteopontin decreased, while soluble receptors for cytokines increased, suggesting decreased inflammation. Sex hormone-binding globulin associated with sarcopenia also decreased with EONS. Biomarkers reflective of multiple biological systems were impacted by nutritional intervention in sarcopenic older adults. Incremental biomarker changes were observed in response to EONS containing HMB that possibly link to improvements in skeletal muscle health.
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37
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Coletti C, Acosta GF, Keslacy S, Coletti D. Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35234025 PMCID: PMC8992679 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the loss of muscle mass and function. In aging sarcopenia is due to mild chronic inflammation but also to fiber-intrinsic defects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Age-related sarcopenia is associated with physical disability and lowered quality of life. In addition to skeletal muscle, the nervous tissue is also affected in elderly people. With aging, type 2 fast fibers preferentially undergo denervation and are reinnervated by slow-twitch motor neurons. They spread forming new neuro-muscular junctions with the denervated fibers: the result is an increased proportion of slow fibers that group together since they are associated in the same motor unit. Grouping and fiber type shifting are indeed major histological features of aging skeletal muscle. Exercise has been proposed as an intervention for age-related sarcopenia due to its numerous beneficial effects on muscle mechanical and biochemical features. In 2013, a precursor study in humans was published in the European Journal of Translation Myology (formerly known as Basic and Applied Myology), highlighting the occurrence of reinnervation in the musculature of aged, exercise-trained individuals as compared to the matching control. This paper, entitled «Reinnervation of Vastus lateralis is increased significantly in seniors (70-years old) with a lifelong history of high-level exercise», is now being reprinted for the second issue of the «Ejtm Seminal Paper Series». In this short review we discuss those results in the light of the most recent advances confirming the occurrence of exercise-mediated reinnervation, ultimately preserving muscle structure and function in elderly people who exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coletti
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Gilberto F Acosta
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Stefan Keslacy
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Dario Coletti
- DAHFMO - Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Biological Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Interuniversity institute of Myology, Ro.
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38
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Abstract
Sarcopenia indicates a loss of skeletal muscle mass, a condition that leads to a decline in physical performance. In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People met to update the original definition of sarcopenia: New scientific and clinical insights were introduced to emphasize the importance of muscle strength loss as a prime indicator of probable sarcopenia. In addition, the skeletal muscle is not only the organ related to mobility, but it is recognized as a secondary secretory organ too, with endocrine functions influencing several systems and preserving health. In this perspective, radiology could have a major role in early detection of sarcopenia and guarantee improvement in its treatment in clinical practice. We present here an update of clinical knowledge about sarcopenia and advantages and limitations of radiological evaluation of sarcopenia focusing on major body composition imaging modalities such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT, and MRI. In addition, we discuss controversial such as the lack of consensus or standardization, different measurement methods, and diagnostic radiological cutoff points. Sarcopenia evaluation with radiological methods could enhance the role of radiologist in performing studies with relevant impact on medical and social outcome, placing radiology at the pinnacle of quality in evidence-based practice with high-level studies.
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Mechanisms of immune aging in HIV. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:61-80. [PMID: 34985109 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Massive CD4+ T-cell depletion as well as sustained immune activation and inflammation are hallmarks of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infection. In recent years, an emerging concept draws an intriguing parallel between HIV-1 infection and aging. Indeed, many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune subsets in HIV-infected individuals are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These changes, of which the presumed cause is the systemic immune activation established in patients, likely participate in the immuno-incompetence described with HIV progression. With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-seropositive patients can now live for many years despite chronic viral infection. However, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infections have given way to chronic diseases as the leading cause of death since HIV infection. Therefore, the comparison between HIV-1 infected patients and uninfected elderly individuals goes beyond the sole onset of immunosenescence and extends to the deterioration of several physiological functions related to inflammation and systemic aging. In light of this observation, it is interesting to understand the precise link between immune activation and aging in HIV-1 infection to figure out how to best care for people living with HIV (PLWH).
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40
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Wu K, Michalski A, Sykes J, Batt J, Stephenson AL, Mathur S. Comparison of quadriceps muscle size and quality in adults with cystic fibrosis with different severities of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein dysfunction. Chron Respir Dis 2022; 19:14799731221131330. [PMID: 36380568 PMCID: PMC9669672 DOI: 10.1177/14799731221131330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by CF transmembrane conductance
regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. CFTR protein is expressed in human skeletal
muscle; however, its impact on skeletal muscle is unknown. The objectives of
this study were to compare quadriceps muscle size and quality between adults
with various severities of CFTR protein dysfunction. Methods We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study comparing 34 adults with
severe versus 18 with mild CFTR protein dysfunction, recruited from a
specialized CF centre. Ultrasound images of rectus femoris cross-sectional
area (RF-CSA) and quadriceps layer thickness for muscle size, and rectus
femoris echogenicity (RF-ECHO) (muscle quality) were obtained. Multivariable
linear regression models were developed using purposeful selection
technique. Results People with severe CFTR protein dysfunction had larger RF-CSA by
3.22 cm2, 95% CI (1.03, 5.41) cm2,
p=.0049], after adjusting for oral corticosteroid use
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. However, a
sensitivity analysis indicated that the result was influenced by the
specific confounders being adjusted for in the model. We did not find any
significant differences in quadriceps layer thickness or RF-ECHO between the
two groups. Conclusion We found no differential impact of the extent of diminished CFTR protein
activity on quadriceps muscle size or quality in our study cohort. Based on
these findings, CFTR mutation status cannot be used differentiate leg muscle
size or quality in people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wu
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Respirology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Michalski
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Sykes
- Toronto Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Respirology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Batt
- Department of Respirology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Anne L Stephenson
- Toronto Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Respirology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Li WX, Qin XH, Poon CCW, Wong MS, Feng R, Wang J, Lin FH, Sun YL, Liu SF, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Vitamin D/Vitamin D Receptor Signaling Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Suppressing Renin-Angiotensin System. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:121-136. [PMID: 34490953 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional level of vitamin D may affect musculoskeletal health. We have reported that vitamin D is a pivotal protector against tissue injuries by suppressing local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This study aimed to explore the role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the protection against muscle atrophy and the underlying mechanism. A cross-sectional study on participants (n = 1034) in Shanghai (China) was performed to analyze the association between vitamin D level and the risk of low muscle strength as well as to detect the circulating level of angiotensin II (Ang II). In animal studies, dexamethasone (Dex) was applied to induce muscle atrophy in wild-type (WT) and VDR-null mice, and the mice with the induction of muscle atrophy were treated with calcitriol for 10 days. The skeletal muscle cell line C2C12 and the muscle satellite cells were applied in in vitro studies. The increased risk of low muscle strength was correlated to a lower level of vitamin D (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.58) accompanied by an elevation in serum Ang II level. Ang II impaired the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts as illustrated by the decrease in the area of myotubes and the downregulation of myogenic factors (myosin heavy chain [MHC] and myogenic differentiation factor D [MyoD]). The phenotype of muscle atrophy induced by Dex and Ang II was aggravated by VDR ablation in mice and in muscle satellite cells, respectively, and mediated by RAS and its downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/forkhead box O1 (PI3K/Akt/FOXO1) signaling. Calcitriol treatment exhibited beneficial effects on muscle function as demonstrated by the increased weight-loaded swimming time, grip strength, and fiber area, and improved fiber type composition via regulating ubiquitin ligases and their substrates MHC and MyoD through suppressing renin/Ang II axis. Taken together, VDR protects against skeletal muscle atrophy by suppressing RAS. Vitamin D could be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Li
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Hui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christina Chui-Wa Poon
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Rui Feng
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue-Li Sun
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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The Atrophic Effect of 1,25(OH) 2 Vitamin D 3 (Calcitriol) on C2C12 Myotubes Depends on Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121980. [PMID: 34943083 PMCID: PMC8750283 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism has been linked to skeletal muscle loss in several physio-pathological states. Although it has been reported that vitamin D (VD) supports cellular redox homeostasis by maintaining normal mitochondrial functions, and VD deficiency often occurs in conditions associated with skeletal muscle loss, the efficacy of VD supplementation to overcome muscle wasting is debated. Investigations on the direct effects of VD metabolites on skeletal muscle using C2C12 myotubes have revealed an unexpected pro-atrophic activity of calcitriol (1,25VD), while its upstream metabolites cholecalciferol (VD3) and calcidiol (25VD) have anti-atrophic effects. Here, we investigated if the atrophic effects of 1,25VD on myotubes depend on its activity on mitochondrial metabolism. The impact of 1,25VD and its upstream metabolites VD3 and 25VD on mitochondria dynamics and the activity of C2C12 myotubes was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial content, architecture, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We found that 1,25VD induces atrophy through protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated ROS production, mainly of extramitochondrial origin. Consistent with this, cotreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), but not with the mitochondria-specific antioxidant mitoTEMPO, was sufficient to blunt the atrophic activity of 1,25VD. In contrast, VD3 and 25VD have antioxidant properties, suggesting that the efficacy of VD supplementation might result from the balance between atrophic pro-oxidant (1,25VD) and protective antioxidant (VD3 and 25VD) metabolites.
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Factors associated with unintentional weight loss among older adults in a geriatric outpatient clinic of university hospital. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260233. [PMID: 34793549 PMCID: PMC8601429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is defined as unintentional reduction of more than 5% of baseline body weight over 6 to 12 months. UWL is a common problem in the older adults, resulting in increased rate of morbidity and mortality. With specific reference to Thailand, no information on factors associated with UWL in older adults could be traced. The aims of this research were to identify the factors associated with UWL and to assess the common causes of UWL among older adults in the geriatric outpatient clinic of university hospital. Methods A case-control study was conducted from June 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2020. Eighty older adults aged 60 years or older were enrolled in the UWL group while the non-UWL group consisted of 160 participants. Data collection was performed by structural questionnaire including baseline characteristics, psychosocial factors, health information, lifestyle behaviors, and medications. The factors associated with UWL were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Causes of UWL were recorded from electronic medical records. Results The mean age of the 240 participants was 79.6 years (SD 7.4). Most patients were female (79.2%) and had fewer than 12 years of education (62.6%). The three common causes of UWL were reduced appetite (20.1%), dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (13.7%) and medications (11.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of >1 (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.37–4.73; P = 0.003), vitamin D deficiency (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.62–9.97; P = 0.003), and hemoglobin level of <12 g/dL (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.32–4.63; P = 0.005) were factors significantly associated with UWL. Conclusions Factors associated with UWL were CCI score >1, vitamin D deficiency, and hemoglobin level of <12 g/dl. The early detection of these associated factors, reduced appetite, dementia and polypharmacy may be important in UWL prevention in older adults.
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Caballero-García A, Pascual-Fernández J, Noriega-González DC, Bello HJ, Pons-Biescas A, Roche E, Córdova-Martínez A. L-Citrulline Supplementation and Exercise in the Management of Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093133. [PMID: 34579009 PMCID: PMC8465698 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a process associated to aging. Persistent inflammation and oxidative stress in muscle favour muscle wasting and decreased ability to perform physical activity. Controlled exercise can optimize blood flux and moderate the production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, supplements that can work as a vasodilators and control oxidative stress, might be beneficial for active elders. In this context, we have tested citrulline supplementation in a group of 44 participants aged from 60–73 years that followed a physical activity program adapted to their age and capacities. Volunteers were divided in two groups: placebo (n = 22) and citrullline supplemented (n = 22). Different physical tests and blood extractions were performed at the beginning and at the end of intervention (six weeks). Strength and endurance showed a tendency to increase in the citrulline supplemented group, with no significant differences respect to placebo. However, walking speed in the citrulline supplemented group improved significantly compared to placebo. Markers of muscle damage as well as circulating levels of testosterone, cortisol and vitamin D showed no significant changes, but a tendency to improve at the end of intervention in the supplemented group compared to placebo. Additional studies are necessary to confirm the effect of citrulline supplementation in sarcopenia delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | | | - David César Noriega-González
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Hugo J. Bello
- Department of Mathematics, School of Forestry, Agricultural and Bioenergy Engineering, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Antoni Pons-Biescas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Enrique Roche
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (A.C.-M.)
| | - Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (A.C.-M.)
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Baer R, Tene L, Weintraub AY, Kalichman L. The effect of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on urinary incontinence: scoping review. Int Urogynecol J 2021; 33:1083-1090. [PMID: 34491371 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-021-04963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Vitamin D receptors are found in skeletal and smooth muscle cells throughout the body, specifically in the bladder detrusor muscle. We reviewed the current literature on the association between vitamin D deficiency and urinary incontinence (UI), and whether vitamin D supplementation plays a role in the treatment of UI symptoms. METHODS We performed a scoping review of all available studies. PubMed, Google Scholar, and PEDro databases were searched from inception until August 2020 with the keywords "urinary incontinence," "pelvic floor disorders," "lower urinary tract symptoms," "overactive bladder," and various terms for vitamin D. No language restrictions were imposed. The reference lists of all retrieved articles were also searched. RESULTS The search revealed 12 studies of different research methodologies after elimination. In 6 out of the 7 cross-sectional studies reviewed, a significant association between vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and the onset and severity of UI was found. In 2 out of the 3 prospective studies included, no association between vitamin D intake and UI was found; however, both randomized controlled trials that were reviewed found that vitamin D supplementation is effective for the treatment of UI. CONCLUSIONS The existing literature supports an association between low levels of serum vitamin D and UI. Initial evidence regarding the effect of vitamin D supplementation on UI is accumulating, yet additional, comprehensive research is warranted to establish these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Baer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Lea Tene
- Department of Physical Therapy, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Adi Y Weintraub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Leonid Kalichman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Krasniqi E, Boshnjaku A, Wagner KH, Wessner B. Association between Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Pathway-Related Genes, Vitamin D Status, Muscle Mass and Function: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3109. [PMID: 34578986 PMCID: PMC8465200 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between vitamin D level and muscle-related traits has been frequently reported. Vitamin D level is dependent on various factors such as sunlight exposure and nutrition. But also on genetic factors. We, therefore, hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the vitamin D pathway-related genes could contribute to muscle mass and function via an impact on vitamin D level. However, the integration of studies investigating these issues is still missing. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically identify and summarize the available evidence on the association between SNPs within vitamin D pathway-related genes and vitamin D status as well as various muscle traits in healthy adults. The review has been registered on PROSPERO and was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. In total, 77 studies investigating 497 SNPs in 13 different genes were included, with significant associations being reported for 59 different SNPs. Variations in GC, CYP2R1, VDR, and CYP24A1 genes were reported most frequently, whereby especially SNPs in the GC (rs2282679, rs4588, rs1155563, rs7041) and CYP2R1 genes (rs10741657, rs10766197, rs2060793) were confirmed to be associated with vitamin D level in more than 50% of the respective studies. Various muscle traits have been investigated only in relation to four different vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (rs7975232, rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs731236). Interestingly, all of them showed only very low confirmation rates (6-17% of the studies). In conclusion, this systematic review presents one of the most comprehensive updates of the association of SNPs in vitamin D pathway-related genes with vitamin D status and muscle traits in healthy adults. It might be used for selecting candidate SNPs for further studies, but also for personalized strategies in identifying individuals at risk for vitamin D deficiency and eventually for determining a potential response to vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Krasniqi
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arben Boshnjaku
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Medicine, University “Fehmi Agani” in Gjakova, Ismail Qemali n.n., 50000 Gjakovë, Kosovo
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
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Hill M, Třískala Z, Honců P, Krejčí M, Kajzar J, Bičíková M, Ondřejíková L, Jandová D, Sterzl I. Aging, hormones and receptors. Physiol Res 2021; 69:S255-S272. [PMID: 33094624 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by deterioration in physical condition and a number of physiological processes and thus a higher risk of a range of diseases and disorders. In particular, we focused on the changes associated with aging, especially the role of small molecules, their role in physiological and pathophysiological processes and potential treatment options. Our previously published results and data from other authors lead to the conclusion that these unwanted changes are mainly linked to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can be slowed down, stopped, or in some cases even reversed by an appropriate treatment, but especially by a life-management adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hill
- Department of Steroids and Proteohormones, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ritz A, Froeba-Pohl A, Kolorz J, Vigodski V, Hubertus J, Ley-Zaporozhan J, von Schweinitz D, Häberle B, Schmid I, Kappler R, Lurz E, Berger M. Total Psoas Muscle Area as a Marker for Sarcopenia Is Related to Outcome in Children With Neuroblastoma. Front Surg 2021; 8:718184. [PMID: 34490339 PMCID: PMC8418308 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.718184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia describes a generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, or function. Determined by measuring the total psoas muscle area (tPMA) on cross-sectional imaging, sarcopenia is an independent marker for poor post-surgical outcomes in adults and children. Children with cancer are at high risk for sarcopenia due to immobility, chemotherapy, and cachexia. We hypothesize that sarcopenic children with neuroblastoma are at higher risk for poor post-operative outcomes. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of children with neuroblastoma ages 1-15 years who were treated at our hospital from 2008 to 2016 with follow-up through March 2021. Psoas muscle area (PMA) was measured from cross-sectional images, using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at lumbar disc levels L3-4 and L4-5. tPMA is the sum of the left and right PMA. Z-scores were calculated using age- and gender-specific reference values. Sarcopenia was defined as a tPMA z-score below -2. A correlation of tPMA z-scores and sarcopenia with clinical variables and outcome was performed. Results: One hundred and sixty-four children with workup for neuroblastoma were identified, and 101 children fulfilled inclusion criteria for further analysis, with a mean age of 3.92 years (SD 2.71 years). Mean tPMA z-score at L4-5 was -2.37 (SD 1.02). Correlation of tPMA z-score at L4-5 with weight-for-age z-score was moderate (r = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38, 0.66). No association between sarcopenia and short-term outcome was observed. Sarcopenia had a sensitivity of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.62-0.93) and a specificity of 0.48 (95% CI 0.36-0.61) in predicting 5-year survival. In a multiple regression analysis, pre-operative sarcopenia, pre-operative chemotherapy in the NB2004 high-risk group, unfavorable tumor histology, and age at diagnosis were associated with 5-year survival after surgery, with hazard ratios of 4.18 (95% CI 1.01-17.26), 2.46 (95% CI 1.02-5.92), 2.39 (95% CI 1.03-5.54), and 1.01 (95% CI 1.00-1.03), respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the majority of children had low tPMA z-scores and sarcopenia was a risk factor for decreased 5-year survival in children with neuroblastoma. Therefore, we suggest measuring the tPMA from pre-surgical cross-sectional imaging as a biomarker for additional risk stratification in children with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Ritz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Froeba-Pohl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Kolorz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Victor Vigodski
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Hubertus
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Ley-Zaporozhan
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich von Schweinitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Häberle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene Schmid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eberhard Lurz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of General, Abdominal, and Transplant Surgery, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
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Renzini A, Riera CS, Minic I, D’Ercole C, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Cedola A, Gigli G, Moresi V, Madaro L. Metabolic Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy as a Therapeutic Target. Metabolites 2021; 11:517. [PMID: 34436458 PMCID: PMC8398298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly responsive tissue, able to remodel its size and metabolism in response to external demand. Muscle fibers can vary from fast glycolytic to slow oxidative, and their frequency in a specific muscle is tightly regulated by fiber maturation, innervation, or external causes. Atrophic conditions, including aging, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cancer-induced cachexia, differ in the causative factors and molecular signaling leading to muscle wasting; nevertheless, all of these conditions are characterized by metabolic remodeling, which contributes to the pathological progression of muscle atrophy. Here, we discuss how changes in muscle metabolism can be used as a therapeutic target and review the evidence in support of nutritional interventions and/or physical exercise as tools for counteracting muscle wasting in atrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Carles Sánchez Riera
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Isidora Minic
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara D’Ercole
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Madaro
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
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Low prealbumin levels are associated with sarcopenia in older men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111415. [PMID: 34399401 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the serum levels of prealbumin and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 582 older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sarcopenia was defined based on the recently updated Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Appendicular skeletal muscle was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum levels of prealbumin, hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were also tested. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association between prealbumin levels and sarcopenia, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 9%, of which 12% for men and 6% for women. Male participants with sarcopenia had lower prealbumin levels than those without sarcopenia (213 ± 72 versus 260 ± 56 mg/L, P < 0.001). The proportion of men with low prealbumin level (<170 mg/L) was significantly higher in individuals with sarcopenia than in those without (31% versus 6%, respectively). In a logistic regression model, after adjusting for all potential covariates, low prealbumin (odds ratio, 4.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-15.25; P = 0.03) was significantly associated with sarcopenia in men, but the relationship between prealbumin and sarcopenia was not found in women. CONCLUSION Low prealbumin levels were associated with an increased risk for sarcopenia in older men with T2DM.
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