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de Jesus Vieira Teixeira C, Bellande K, van der Schuren A, O'Connor D, Hardtke CS, Vermeer JEM. An atlas of Brachypodium distachyon lateral root development. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060531. [PMID: 39158386 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The root system of plants is a vital part for successful development and adaptation to different soil types and environments. A major determinant of the shape of a plant root system is the formation of lateral roots, allowing for expansion of the root system. Arabidopsis thaliana, with its simple root anatomy, has been extensively studied to reveal the genetic program underlying root branching. However, to get a more general understanding of lateral root development, comparative studies in species with a more complex root anatomy are required. Here, by combining optimized clearing methods and histology, we describe an atlas of lateral root development in Brachypodium distachyon, a wild, temperate grass species. We show that lateral roots initiate from enlarged phloem pole pericycle cells and that the overlying endodermis reactivates its cell cycle and eventually forms the root cap. In addition, auxin signaling reported by the DR5 reporter was not detected in the phloem pole pericycle cells or young primordia. In contrast, auxin signaling was activated in the overlying cortical cell layers, including the exodermis. Thus, Brachypodium is a valuable model to investigate how signaling pathways and cellular responses have been repurposed to facilitate lateral root organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Bellande
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- IPSiM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Alja van der Schuren
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Devin O'Connor
- Sainsbury Lab, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian S Hardtke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joop E M Vermeer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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2
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Wang S, Wu H, Zhang Y, Sun G, Qian W, Qu F, Zhang X, Hu J. Transcriptome Reveals the Regulation of Exogenous Auxin Inducing Rooting of Non-Rooting Callus of Tea Cuttings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8080. [PMID: 39125650 PMCID: PMC11311428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuttage is the main propagation method of tea plant cultivars in China. However, some tea softwood cuttings just form an expanded and loose callus at the base, without adventitious root (AR) formation during the propagation period. Meanwhile, exogenous auxin could promote the AR formation of tea plant cuttings, but the regulation mechanism has not yet explained clearly. We conducted this study to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of exogenous auxin-induced adventitious root (AR) formation of such cuttings. The transcriptional expression profile of non-rooting tea calluses in response to exogenous IBA and NAA was analyzed using ONT RNA Seq technology. In total, 56,178 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, and most of genes were significantly differentially expressed after 12 h of exogenous auxin treatment. Among these DEGs, we further identified 80 DEGs involved in the auxin induction pathway and AR formation. Specifically, 14 auxin respective genes (ARFs, GH3s, and AUX/IAAs), 3 auxin transporters (AUX22), 19 auxin synthesis- and homeostasis-related genes (cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and calmodulin-like protein (CML) genes), and 44 transcription factors (LOB domain-containing protein (LBDs), SCARECROW-LIKE (SCL), zinc finger protein, WRKY, MYB, and NAC) were identified from these DEGs. Moreover, we found most of these DEGs were highly up-regulated at some stage before AR formation, suggesting that they may play a potential role in the AR formation of tea plant cuttings. In summary, this study will provide a theoretical foundation to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism of AR formation in tea cuttings induced by auxin during propagation time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (S.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (W.Q.); (F.Q.); (X.Z.)
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3
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Kalra A, Goel S, Elias AA. Understanding role of roots in plant response to drought: Way forward to climate-resilient crops. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20395. [PMID: 37853948 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress leads to a significant amount of agricultural crop loss. Thus, with changing climatic conditions, it is important to develop resilience measures in agricultural systems against drought stress. Roots play a crucial role in regulating plant development under drought stress. In this review, we have summarized the studies on the role of roots and root-mediated plant responses. We have also discussed the importance of root system architecture (RSA) and the various structural and anatomical changes that it undergoes to increase survival and productivity under drought. Various genes, transcription factors, and quantitative trait loci involved in regulating root growth and development are also discussed. A summarization of various instruments and software that can be used for high-throughput phenotyping in the field is also provided in this review. More comprehensive studies are required to help build a detailed understanding of RSA and associated traits for breeding drought-resilient cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Kalra
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Goel
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Ani A Elias
- ICFRE - Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (ICFRE - IFGTB), Coimbatore, India
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhao D, Tang Z, Zhang T, Zhang K, Dong J, Zhang H. Genetic regulation of lateral root development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2081397. [PMID: 35642513 PMCID: PMC10761116 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2081397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs) are an important part of plant root systems. In dicots, for example, after plants adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments, filamentous pseudorhizae evolved to allow nutrient absorption. A typical plant root system comprises a primary root, LRs, root hairs, and a root cap. Classical plant roots exhibit geotropism (the tendency to grow downward into the ground) and can synthesize plant hormones and other essential substances. Root vascular bundles and complex spatial structures enable plants to absorb water and nutrients to meet their nutrient quotas and grow. The primary root carries out most functions during early growth stages but is later overtaken by LRs, underscoring the importance of LR development water and mineral uptake and the soil fixation capacity of the root. LR development is modulated by endogenous plant hormones and external environmental factors, and its underlying mechanisms have been dissected in great detail in Arabidopsis, thanks to its simple root anatomy and the ease of obtaining mutants. This review comprehensively and systematically summarizes past research (largely in Arabidopsis) on LR basic structure, development stages, and molecular mechanisms regulated by different factors, as well as future prospects in LR research, to provide broad background knowledge for root researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Pear Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuru Ma
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Tengteng Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Lehman TA, Rosas MA, Brew-Appiah RAT, Solanki S, York ZB, Dannay R, Wu Y, Roalson EH, Zheng P, Main D, Baskin TI, Sanguinet KA. BUZZ: an essential gene for postinitiation root hair growth and a mediator of root architecture in Brachypodium distachyon. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37421201 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we discover a player in root development. Recovered from a forward-genetic screen in Brachypodium distachyon, the buzz mutant initiates root hairs but they fail to elongate. In addition, buzz roots grow twice as fast as wild-type roots. Also, lateral roots show increased sensitivity to nitrate, whereas primary roots are less sensitive to nitrate. Using whole-genome resequencing, we identified the causal single nucleotide polymorphism as occurring in a conserved but previously uncharacterized cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-like gene. The buzz mutant phenotypes are rescued by the wild-type B. distachyon BUZZ coding sequence and by an apparent homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, T-DNA mutants in A. thaliana BUZZ have shorter root hairs. BUZZ mRNA localizes to epidermal cells and develops root hairs and, in the latter, partially colocalizes with the NRT1.1A nitrate transporter. Based on qPCR and RNA-Seq, buzz overexpresses ROOT HAIRLESS LIKE SIX-1 and -2 and misregulates genes related to hormone signaling, RNA processing, cytoskeletal, and cell wall organization, and to the assimilation of nitrate. Overall, these data demonstrate that BUZZ is required for tip growth after root hair initiation and root architectural responses to nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiel A Lehman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Miguel A Rosas
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Rhoda A T Brew-Appiah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Shyam Solanki
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Zara B York
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Rachel Dannay
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Eric H Roalson
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Dorrie Main
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Tobias I Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Karen A Sanguinet
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Salvato F, Vintila S, Finkel OM, Dangl JL, Kleiner M. Evaluation of Protein Extraction Methods for Metaproteomic Analyses of Root-Associated Microbes. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:977-988. [PMID: 35876747 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-22-0116-ta] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metaproteomics is a powerful tool for the characterization of metabolism, physiology, and functional interactions in microbial communities, including plant-associated microbiota. However, the metaproteomic methods that have been used to study plant-associated microbiota are very laborious and require large amounts of plant tissue, hindering wider application of these methods. We optimized and evaluated different protein extraction methods for metaproteomics of plant-associated microbiota in two different plant species (Arabidopsis and maize). Our main goal was to identify a method that would work with low amounts of input material (40 to 70 mg) and that would maximize the number of identified microbial proteins. We tested eight protocols, each comprising a different combination of physical lysis method, extraction buffer, and cell-enrichment method on roots from plants grown with synthetic microbial communities. We assessed the performance of the extraction protocols by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metaproteomics and found that the optimal extraction method differed between the two species. For Arabidopsis roots, protein extraction by beating whole roots with small beads provided the greatest number of identified microbial proteins and improved the identification of proteins from gram-positive bacteria. For maize, vortexing root pieces in the presence of large glass beads yielded the greatest number of microbial proteins identified. Based on these data, we recommend the use of these two methods for metaproteomics with Arabidopsis and maize. Furthermore, detailed descriptions of the eight tested protocols will enable future optimization of protein extraction for metaproteomics in other dicot and monocot plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Salvato
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, U.S.A
| | - Simina Vintila
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, U.S.A
| | - Omri M Finkel
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S.A
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S.A
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, U.S.A
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7
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Xin P, Schier J, Šefrnová Y, Kulich I, Dubrovsky JG, Vielle-Calzada JP, Soukup A. The Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE-REPEAT THIOREDOXIN-LIKE (TTL) family members are involved in root system formation via their interaction with cytoskeleton and cell wall remodeling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:946-965. [PMID: 36270031 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LR) are essential components of the plant edaphic interface; contributing to water and nutrient uptake, biotic and abiotic interactions, stress survival, and plant anchorage. We have identified the TETRATRICOPEPTIDE-REPEAT THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 3 (TTL3) gene as being related to LR emergence and later development. Loss of function of TTL3 leads to a reduced number of emerged LR due to delayed development of lateral root primordia (LRP). This trait is further enhanced in the triple mutant ttl1ttl3ttl4. TTL3 interacts with microtubules and endomembranes, and is known to participate in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. Both ttl3 and ttl1ttl3ttl4 mutants are less sensitive to BR treatment in terms of LR formation and primary root growth. The ability of TTL3 to modulate biophysical properties of the cell wall was established under restrictive conditions of hyperosmotic stress and loss of root growth recovery, which was enhanced in ttl1ttl3ttl4. Timing and spatial distribution of TTL3 expression is consistent with its role in development of LRP before their emergence and subsequent growth of LR. TTL3 emerged as a component of the root system morphogenesis regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xin
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Schier
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yvetta Šefrnová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Kulich
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph G Dubrovsky
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad, 2001, Cuernavaca, 62250, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36821, Mexico
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Verma PK, Verma S, Pandey N. Root system architecture in rice: impacts of genes, phytohormones and root microbiota. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:239. [PMID: 36016841 PMCID: PMC9395555 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To feed the continuously expanding world's population, new crop varieties have been generated, which significantly contribute to the world's food security. However, the growth of these improved plant varieties relies primarily on synthetic fertilizers, which negatively affect the environment and human health; therefore, continuous improvement is needed for sustainable agriculture. Several plants, including cereal crops, have the adaptive capability to combat adverse environmental changes by altering physiological and molecular mechanisms and modifying their root system to improve nutrient uptake efficiency. These plants operate distinct pathways at various developmental stages to optimally establish their root system. These processes include changes in the expression profile of genes, changes in phytohormone level, and microbiome-induced root system architecture (RSA) modification. Several studies have been performed to understand microbial colonization and their involvement in RSA improvement through changes in phytohormone and transcriptomic levels. This review highlights the impact of genes, phytohormones, and particularly root microbiota in influencing RSA and provides new insights resulting from recent studies on rice root as a model system and summarizes the current knowledge about biochemical and central molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Verma
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
- Present Address: French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Shikha Verma
- Present Address: French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Nalini Pandey
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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Xue H, Liu J, Oo S, Patterson C, Liu W, Li Q, Wang G, Li L, Zhang Z, Pan X, Zhang B. Differential Responses of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) to Nitrogen Deficiency in the Root Morpho-Physiological Characteristics and Potential MicroRNA-Mediated Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:928229. [PMID: 35845660 PMCID: PMC9281546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of crop response to nitrogen (N) deficiency is very important for developing sustainable agriculture. In addition, it is unclear if the microRNA-mediated mechanism related to root growth complies with a common mechanism in monocots and dicots under N deficiency. Therefore, the root morpho-physiological characteristics and microRNA-mediated mechanisms were studied under N deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). For both crops, shoot dry weight, plant dry weight and total leaf area as well as some physiological traits, i.e., the oxygen consuming rate in leaf and root, the performance index based on light energy absorption were significantly decreased after 8 days of N deficiency. Although N deficiency did not significantly impact the root biomass, an obvious change on the root morphological traits was observed in both wheat and cotton. After 8 days of treatment with N deficiency, the total root length, root surface area, root volume of both crops showed an opposite trend with significantly decreasing in wheat but significantly increasing in cotton, while the lateral root density was significantly increased in wheat but significantly decreased in cotton. At the same time, the seminal root length in wheat and the primary root length in cotton were increased after 8 days of N deficiency treatment. Additionally, the two crops had different root regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) to N deficiency. In wheat, the expressions of miR167, miR319, miR390, miR827, miR847, and miR165/166 were induced by N treatment; these miRNAs inhibited the total root growth but promoted the seminal roots growth and lateral root formation to tolerate N deficiency. In cotton, the expressions of miR156, miR167, miR171, miR172, miR390, miR396 were induced and the expressions of miR162 and miR393 were inhibited; which contributed to increasing in the total root length and primary root growth and to decreasing in the lateral root formation to adapt the N deficiency. In conclusion, N deficiency significantly affected the morpho-physiological characteristics of roots that were regulated by miRNAs, but the miRNA-mediated mechanisms were different in wheat and cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Xue
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sando Oo
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Biology, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, United States
| | - Caitlin Patterson
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Biology, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, United States
| | - Wanying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lijie Li
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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10
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Lou H, Tucker MR, Shirley NJ, Lahnstein J, Yang X, Ma C, Schwerdt J, Fusi R, Burton RA, Band LR, Bennett MJ, Bulone V. The cellulose synthase-like F3 (CslF3) gene mediates cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and affects root growth and differentiation in barley. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1681-1699. [PMID: 35395116 PMCID: PMC9324092 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The barley cellulose synthase-like F (CslF) genes encode putative cell wall polysaccharide synthases. They are related to the cellulose synthase (CesA) genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis, and the CslD genes that influence root hair development. Although CslD genes are implicated in callose, mannan and cellulose biosynthesis, and are found in both monocots and eudicots, CslF genes are specific to the Poaceae. Recently the barley CslF3 (HvCslF3) gene was shown to be involved in the synthesis of a novel (1,4)-β-linked glucoxylan, but it remains unclear whether this gene contributes to plant growth and development. Here, expression profiling using qRT-PCR and mRNA in situ hybridization revealed that HvCslF3 accumulates in the root elongation zone. Silencing HvCslF3 by RNAi was accompanied by slower root growth, linked with a shorter elongation zone and a significant reduction in root system size. Polymer profiling of the RNAi lines revealed a significant reduction in (1,4)-β-linked glucoxylan levels. Remarkably, the heterologous expression of HvCslF3 in wild-type (Col-0) and root hair-deficient Arabidopsis mutants (csld3 and csld5) complemented the csld5 mutant phenotype, in addition to altering epidermal cell fate. Our results reveal a key role for HvCslF3 during barley root development and suggest that members of the CslD and CslF gene families have similar functions during root growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Lou
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of BioscienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Matthew R. Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Neil J. Shirley
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Jelle Lahnstein
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Julian Schwerdt
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Riccardo Fusi
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of BioscienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Rachel A. Burton
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Leah R. Band
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of BioscienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
- School of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Malcolm J. Bennett
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of BioscienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Vincent Bulone
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthRoyal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
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11
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Xiao Z, Ye M, Gao Z, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Nikolic N, Liang Y. Silicon Reduces Aluminum-Induced Suberization by Inhibiting the Uptake and Transport of Aluminum in Rice Roots and Consequently Promotes Root Growth. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:340-352. [PMID: 34981810 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) can alleviate aluminum (Al) toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.), but the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect have not been elucidated, especially under long-term Al stress. Here, the effects of Al and Si on the suberization and development of rice roots were investigated. The results show that, as the Al exposure time increased, the roots accumulated more Al, and Al enhanced the deposition of suberin in roots, both of which ultimately inhibited root growth and nutrient absorption. However, Si restricted the apoplastic and symplastic pathways of Al in roots by inhibiting the uptake and transport of Al, thereby reducing the accumulation of Al in roots. Meanwhile, the Si-induced drop in Al concentration reduced the suberization of roots caused by Al through down-regulating the expression of genes related to suberin synthesis and then promoted the development of roots (such as longer and more adventitious roots and lateral roots). Moreover, Si also increased nutrient uptake by Al-stressed roots and thence promoted the growth of rice. Overall, these results indicate that Si reduced Al-induced suberization of roots by inhibiting the uptake and transport of Al in roots, thereby amending root growth and ultimately alleviating Al stress in rice. Our study further clarified the toxicity mechanism of Al in rice and the role of Si in reducing Al content and restoring root development under Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxi Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mujun Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zixiang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yishun Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Nina Nikolic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 1 Studentski trg, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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12
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G. Viana W, Scharwies JD, Dinneny JR. Deconstructing the root system of grasses through an exploration of development, anatomy and function. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:602-619. [PMID: 35092025 PMCID: PMC9303260 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Well-adapted root systems allow plants to grow under resource-limiting environmental conditions and are important determinants of yield in agricultural systems. Important staple crops such as rice and maize belong to the family of grasses, which develop a complex root system that consists of an embryonic root system that emerges from the seed, and a postembryonic nodal root system that emerges from basal regions of the shoot after germination. While early seedling establishment is dependent on the embryonic root system, the nodal root system, and its associated branches, gains in importance as the plant matures and will ultimately constitute the bulk of below-ground growth. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the different root types that develop in cereal grass root systems, explore the different physiological roles they play by defining their anatomical features, and outline the genetic networks that control their development. Through this deconstructed view of grass root system function, we provide a parts-list of elements that function together in an integrated root system to promote survival and crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José R. Dinneny
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Xu P, Ma W, Hu J, Cai W. The nitrate-inducible NAC transcription factor NAC056 controls nitrate assimilation and promotes lateral root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010090. [PMID: 35263337 PMCID: PMC8989337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate can affect many aspects of plant growth and development, such as promoting root growth and inhibiting the synthesis of secondary metabolites. However, the mechanisms underlying such effects and how plants can integrate nitrate signals and root growth needs further exploration. Here, we identified a nitrate-inducible NAC family transcription factor (TF) NAC056 which promoted both nitrate assimilation and root growth in Arabidopsis. NAC056 is a nuclear-localized transcription activator, which is predominantly expressed in the root system and hypocotyl. Using the yeast one-hybrid assay, we identified the NAC056-specific binding sequence (NAC56BM), T [T/G/A] NCTTG. We further showed that the nac056 mutant compromised root growth. NAC056 overexpression promotes LR Initiation and nitrate deficiency tolerance. Using RNA sequencing analysis and in vitro biochemical experiment, we found NAC056 regulated the expression of genes required for NO3- assimilation, directly targeting the key nitrate assimilation gene NIA1. In addition, mutation of NIA1 suppresses LR development and nitrate deficiency tolerance in the 35S::NAC056 transgenic plants. Therefore, NAC056 mediates the response of plants to environmental nitrate signals to promote root growth in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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14
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Tayade R, Kim SH, Tripathi P, Choi YD, Yoon JB, Kim YH. High-Throughput Root Imaging Analysis Reveals Wide Variation in Root Morphology of Wild Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) Accessions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030405. [PMID: 35161386 PMCID: PMC8840753 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Root system architecture and morphological diversification in wild accessions are important for crop improvement and productivity in adzuki beans. In this study, via analysis using 2-dimensional (2D) root imaging and WinRHIZO Pro software, we described the root traits of 61 adzuki bean accessions in their early vegetative growth stage. These accessions were chosen for study because they are used in Korea’s crop improvement programs; however, their root traits have not been sufficiently investigated. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the accessions of all measured root traits. Distribution analysis demonstrated that most of the root traits followed normal distribution. The accessions showed up to a 17-fold increase in the values in contrasting accessions for the root traits. For total root length (TRL), the values ranged from 82.43 to 1435 cm, and for surface area (SA), they ranged from 12.30 to 208.39 cm2. The values for average diameter (AD) ranged from 0.23 to 0.56 mm. Significant differences were observed for other traits. Overall, the results showed that the accession IT 305544 had the highest TRL, SA, and number of tips (NT), whereas IT 262477 and IT 262492 showed the lowest values for TRL, SA, and AD. Principal component analysis showed an 89% variance for PC1 and PC2. K-mean clustering explained 77.4% of the variance in the data and grouped the accessions into three clusters. All six root traits had greater coefficients of variation (≥15%) among the tested accessions. Furthermore, to determine which root traits best distinguished different accessions, the correlation within our set of accessions provided trait-based ranking depending on their contribution. The identified accessions may be advantageous for the development of new crossing combinations to improve root features in adzuki beans during the early growth stage. The root traits assessed in this study could be attributes for future adzuki bean crop selection and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Tayade
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.T.); (P.T.); (Y.-D.C.)
| | - Seong-Hoon Kim
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Pooja Tripathi
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.T.); (P.T.); (Y.-D.C.)
| | - Yi-Dam Choi
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.T.); (P.T.); (Y.-D.C.)
| | - Jung-Beom Yoon
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Yoon-Ha Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.T.); (P.T.); (Y.-D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-5710
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15
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McReynolds MR, Dash L, Montes C, Draves MA, Lang MG, Walley JW, Kelley DR. Temporal and spatial auxin responsive networks in maize primary roots. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e21. [PMID: 37077976 PMCID: PMC10095944 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key regulator of root morphogenesis across angiosperms. To better understand auxin-regulated networks underlying maize root development, we have characterized auxin-responsive transcription across two time points (30 and 120 min) and four regions of the primary root: the meristematic zone, elongation zone, cortex and stele. Hundreds of auxin-regulated genes involved in diverse biological processes were quantified in these different root regions. In general, most auxin-regulated genes are region unique and are predominantly observed in differentiated tissues compared with the root meristem. Auxin gene regulatory networks were reconstructed with these data to identify key transcription factors that may underlie auxin responses in maize roots. Additionally, Auxin-Response Factor subnetworks were generated to identify target genes that exhibit tissue or temporal specificity in response to auxin. These networks describe novel molecular connections underlying maize root development and provide a foundation for functional genomic studies in a key crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell R. McReynolds
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011, USA
| | - Linkan Dash
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011, USA
| | - Christian Montes
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011, USA
| | - Melissa A. Draves
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011, USA
| | - Michelle G. Lang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011, USA
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa50131, USA
| | - Justin W. Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011, USA
- Authors for correspondence: D. R. Kelley and J. W. Walley, E-mail: ;
| | - Dior R. Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011, USA
- Authors for correspondence: D. R. Kelley and J. W. Walley, E-mail: ;
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16
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Wani SH, Vijayan R, Choudhary M, Kumar A, Zaid A, Singh V, Kumar P, Yasin JK. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE): elucidated mechanisms, mapped genes and gene networks in maize ( Zea mays L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2875-2891. [PMID: 35035142 PMCID: PMC8720126 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nitrogen, the vital primary plant growth nutrient at deficit soil conditions, drastically affects the growth and yield of a crop. Over the years, excess use of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers resulted in pollution, eutrophication and thereby demanding the reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers. Being a C4 plant with fibrous root system and high NUE, maize can be deployed to be the best candidate for better N uptake and utilization in nitrogen deficient soils. The maize germplasm sources has enormous genetic variation for better nitrogen uptake contributing traits. Adoption of single cross maize hybrids as well as inherent property of high NUE has helped maize cultivars to achieve the highest growth rate among the cereals during last decade. Further, considering the high cost of nitrogenous fertilizers, adverse effects on soil health and environmental impact, maize improvement demands better utilization of existing genetic variation for NUE via introgression of novel allelic combinations in existing cultivars. Marker assisted breeding efforts need to be supplemented with introgression of genes/QTLs related to NUE in ruling varieties and thereby enhancing the overall productivity of maize in a sustainable manner. To achieve this, we need mapped genes and network of interacting genes and proteins to be elucidated. Identified genes may be used in screening ideal maize genotypes in terms of better physiological functionality exhibiting high NUE. Future genome editing may help in developing lines with increased productivity under low N conditions in an environment of optimum agronomic practices. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01113-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir H. Wani
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Centre For Field Crops, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani Anantnag, J&K 192101 India
| | - Roshni Vijayan
- Regional Agricultural Research Station-Central Zone, Kerala Agricultural University, MelePattambi, Palakkad, Kerala 679306 India
| | | | - Anuj Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, 141001 India
| | - Jeshima Khan Yasin
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
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17
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Strotmann VI, Stahl Y. At the root of quiescence: function and regulation of the quiescent center. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6716-6726. [PMID: 34111273 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quiescent center (QC) of roots consists of a rarely dividing pool of stem cells within the root apical meristem (RAM). The QC maintains the surrounding more frequently dividing initials, together constituting the stem cell niche of the RAM. The initials, after several rounds of division and differentiation, give rise to nearly all tissues necessary for root function. Hence, QC establishment, maintenance, and function are key for producing the whole plant root system and are therefore at the foundation of plant growth and productivity. Although the concept of the QC has been known since the 1950s, much of its molecular regulations and their intricate interconnections, especially in more complex root systems such as cereal RAMs, remain elusive. In Arabidopsis, molecular factors such as phytohormones, small signaling peptides and their receptors, and key transcription factors play important roles in a complex and intertwined regulatory network. In cereals, homologs of these factors are present; however, QC maintenance in the larger RAMs of cereals might also require more complex control of QC cell regulation by a combination of asymmetric and symmetric divisions. Here, we summarize current knowledge on QC maintenance in Arabidopsis and compare it with that of agriculturally relevant cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien I Strotmann
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Xie D, Tarin MWK, Chen L, Ren K, Yang D, Zhou C, Wan J, He T, Rong J, Zheng Y. Consequences of LED Lights on Root Morphological Traits and Compounds Accumulation in Sarcandra glabra Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7179. [PMID: 34281238 PMCID: PMC8268991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different light spectra (white light; WL, blue light; BL and red light; RL) on the root morphological traits and metabolites accumulation and biosynthesis in Sarcandra glabra. We performed transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling by RNA-seq and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS), respectively. When morphological features were compared to WL, BL substantially increased under-ground fresh weight, root length, root surface area, and root volume, while RL inhibited these indices. A total of 433 metabolites were identified, of which 40, 18, and 68 compounds differentially accumulated in roots under WL (WG) vs. roots under BL (BG), WG vs. roots under RL (RG), and RG vs. BG, respectively. In addition, the contents of sinapyl alcohol, sinapic acid, fraxetin, and 6-methylcoumarin decreased significantly in BG and RG. In contrast, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinyl glucoside, quercitrin and quercetin were increased considerably in BG. Furthermore, the contents of eight terpenoids compounds significantly reduced in BG. Following transcriptomic profiling, several key genes related to biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid-derived and terpenoids metabolites were differentially expressed, such as caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase) (COMT), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), O-methyltransferase (OMT), and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthetase (DXS). In summary, our findings showed that BL was suitable for growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites in root tissue of S. glabra. Exposure to a higher ratio of BL might have the potential to improve the production and quality of S. glabra seedlings, but this needs to be confirmed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Xie
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.X.); (K.R.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.W.K.T.); (L.C.); (C.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Lingyan Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.W.K.T.); (L.C.); (C.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Ke Ren
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.X.); (K.R.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Deming Yang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.X.); (K.R.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Chengcheng Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.W.K.T.); (L.C.); (C.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Jiayi Wan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.X.); (K.R.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Tianyou He
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.W.K.T.); (L.C.); (C.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Jundong Rong
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.X.); (K.R.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.X.); (K.R.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (J.R.)
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.W.K.T.); (L.C.); (C.Z.); (T.H.)
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19
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Sharma M, Singh D, Saksena HB, Sharma M, Tiwari A, Awasthi P, Botta HK, Shukla BN, Laxmi A. Understanding the Intricate Web of Phytohormone Signalling in Modulating Root System Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115508. [PMID: 34073675 PMCID: PMC8197090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) is an important developmental and agronomic trait that is regulated by various physical factors such as nutrients, water, microbes, gravity, and soil compaction as well as hormone-mediated pathways. Phytohormones act as internal mediators between soil and RSA to influence various events of root development, starting from organogenesis to the formation of higher order lateral roots (LRs) through diverse mechanisms. Apart from interaction with the external cues, root development also relies on the complex web of interaction among phytohormones to exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects to improve crop performance. However, there are considerable gaps in understanding the interaction of these hormonal networks during various aspects of root development. In this review, we elucidate the role of different hormones to modulate a common phenotypic output, such as RSA in Arabidopsis and crop plants, and discuss future perspectives to channel vast information on root development to modulate RSA components.
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20
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NH787 EMS mutant of rice variety Nagina22 exhibits higher phosphate use efficiency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9156. [PMID: 33911118 PMCID: PMC8080636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major dietary source, is often cultivated in soils poor in available inorganic orthophosphate (Pi), which is a key nutrient for growth and development. Poor soils are amended by phosphorus (P) fertilizer, which is derived from the non-renewable rock phosphate reserves. Therefore, there is a need for developing rice varieties with high productivity under low P conditions. At the ICAR-IIRR, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized rice genotype Nagina22 (N22) were screened for high grain yield in Pi-deprived soil, which led to the identification of ~ 10 gain-of-function mutants including NH787. Here, detailed comparative morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses of N22 and NH787 were carried out in hydroponics and potting soil under different Pi regimes. Under Pi-deprived condition, compared with N22, NH787 exhibited higher root and vegetative biomass, the number of tillers, and grain yield. The augmented agronomic traits of NH787 were corroborated with significantly higher photosynthetic rate, pollen fertility, stigma receptivity, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Further, several genes involved in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis (GPH) were differentially regulated. The study thus revealed a wide-spectrum influence of the mutation in NH787 that contributed towards its higher Pi use efficiency (PUE).
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21
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da Silva VCH, Martins MCM, Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, Artins A, Monte Bello CC, Gupta S, Sobreira TJP, Riaño-Pachón DM, Mafra V, Caldana C. Shedding Light on the Dynamic Role of the "Target of Rapamycin" Kinase in the Fast-Growing C 4 Species Setaria viridis, a Suitable Model for Biomass Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637508. [PMID: 33927734 PMCID: PMC8078139 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase pathway integrates energy and nutrient availability into metabolism promoting growth in eukaryotes. The overall higher efficiency on nutrient use translated into faster growth rates in C4 grass plants led to the investigation of differential transcriptional and metabolic responses to short-term chemical TOR complex (TORC) suppression in the model Setaria viridis. In addition to previously described responses to TORC inhibition (i.e., general growth arrest, translational repression, and primary metabolism reprogramming) in Arabidopsis thaliana (C3), the magnitude of changes was smaller in S. viridis, particularly regarding nutrient use efficiency and C allocation and partitioning that promote biosynthetic growth. Besides photosynthetic differences, S. viridis and A. thaliana present several specificities that classify them into distinct lineages, which also contribute to the observed alterations mediated by TOR. Indeed, cell wall metabolism seems to be distinctly regulated according to each cell wall type, as synthesis of non-pectic polysaccharides were affected in S. viridis, whilst assembly and structure in A. thaliana. Our results indicate that the metabolic network needed to achieve faster growth seems to be less stringently controlled by TORC in S. viridis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anthony Artins
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Saurabh Gupta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | - Valéria Mafra
- National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila Caldana
- National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
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22
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Zhang TQ, Chen Y, Liu Y, Lin WH, Wang JW. Single-cell transcriptome atlas and chromatin accessibility landscape reveal differentiation trajectories in the rice root. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2053. [PMID: 33824350 PMCID: PMC8024345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Root development relies on the establishment of meristematic tissues that give rise to distinct cell types that differentiate across defined temporal and spatial gradients. Dissection of the developmental trajectories and the transcriptional networks that underlie them could aid understanding of the function of the root apical meristem in both dicots and monocots. Here, we present a single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing and chromatin accessibility survey of rice radicles. By temporal profiling of individual root tip cells we reconstruct continuous developmental trajectories of epidermal cells and ground tissues, and elucidate regulatory networks underlying cell fate determination in these cell lineages. We further identify characteristic processes, transcriptome profiles, and marker genes for these cell types and reveal conserved and divergent root developmental pathways between dicots and monocots. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of the platform for functional genetic studies by using spatiotemporal modeling to identify a rice root meristematic mutant from a cell-specific gene cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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23
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Zhao J, Yang B, Li W, Sun S, Peng L, Feng D, Li L, Di H, He Y, Wang Z. A genome-wide association study reveals that the glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU regulates root growth in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1119-1134. [PMID: 33130882 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Good root growth in the early post-germination stages is an important trait for direct seeding in rice, but its genetic control is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the genetic architecture of variation in primary root length using a diverse panel of 178 accessions. Four QTLs for root length (qRL3, qRL6, qRL7, and qRL11) were identified using genome-wide association studies. One candidate gene was validated for the major QTL qRL11, namely the glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU. Disruption of this gene in Osiaglu mutants reduced the primary root length and the numbers of lateral and crown roots. The natural allelic variations of OsIAGLU contributing to root growth were identified. Functional analysis revealed that OsIAGLU regulates root growth mainly via modulating multiple hormones in the roots, including levels of auxin, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinin. OsIAGLU also influences the expression of multiple hormone-related genes associated with root growth. The regulation of root growth through multiple hormone pathways by OsIAGLU makes it a potential target for future rice breeding for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Li
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Sun
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Peng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Defeng Feng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Di
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi He
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Gautam V, Singh A, Yadav S, Singh S, Kumar P, Sarkar Das S, Sarkar AK. Conserved LBL1-ta-siRNA and miR165/166 -RLD1/2 modules regulate root development in maize. Development 2021; 148:dev.190033. [PMID: 33168582 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture and anatomy of monocotyledonous maize is significantly different from dicotyledonous model Arabidopsis The molecular role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is poorly understood in maize root development. Here, we address the role of LEAFBLADELESS1 (LBL1), a component of maize trans-acting short-interfering RNA (ta-siRNA), in maize root development. We report that root growth, anatomical patterning, and the number of lateral roots (LRs), monocot-specific crown roots (CRs) and seminal roots (SRs) are significantly affected in lbl1-rgd1 mutant, which is defective in production of ta-siRNA, including tasiR-ARF that targets AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3) in maize. Altered accumulation and distribution of auxin, due to differential expression of auxin biosynthesis and transporter genes, created an imbalance in auxin signalling. Altered expression of microRNA165/166 (miR165/166) and its targets, ROLLED1 and ROLLED2 (RLD1/2), contributed to the changes in lbl1-rgd1 root growth and vascular patterning, as was evident by the altered root phenotype of Rld1-O semi-dominant mutant. Thus, LBL1/ta-siRNA module regulates root development, possibly by affecting auxin distribution and signalling, in crosstalk with miR165/166-RLD1/2 module. We further show that ZmLBL1 and its Arabidopsis homologue AtSGS3 proteins are functionally conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhav Gautam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.,Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Archita Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sharmila Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shabari Sarkar Das
- Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, WB 721104, India
| | - Ananda K Sarkar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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25
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Li SW. Molecular Bases for the Regulation of Adventitious Root Generation in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:614072. [PMID: 33584771 PMCID: PMC7876083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) is an ecologically and economically important developmental process in plants. The evolution of AR systems is an important way for plants to cope with various environmental stresses. This review focuses on identified genes that have known to regulate the induction and initiation of ARs and offers an analysis of this process at the molecular level. The critical genes involved in adventitious rooting are the auxin signaling-responsive genes, including the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) and the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN (LOB) gene families, and genes associated with auxin transport and homeostasis, the quiescent center (QC) maintenance, and the root apical meristem (RAM) initiation. Several genes involved in cell wall modulation are also known to be involved in the regulation of adventitious rooting. Furthermore, the molecular processes that play roles in the ethylene, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways and their crosstalk modulate the generation of ARs. The crosstalk and interaction among many molecular processes generates complex networks that regulate AR generation.
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26
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Pan R, Liu Y, Buitrago S, Jiang W, Gao H, Han H, Wu C, Wang Y, Zhang W, Yang X. Adventitious root formation is dynamically regulated by various hormones in leaf-vegetable sweetpotato cuttings. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 253:153267. [PMID: 32858442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaf-vegetable sweetpotato is an important cash crop that is of high nutritional value. Cuttage is the most convenient method for large-scale propagation. However, the rate and number of adventitious roots (ARs) formation vary significantly among different cultivar cuttings. In this study, two varieties, NC1 and FC13-14, were used to compare the rate of ARs formation. The cumulative results of root morphology showed that in NC1 total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, and root tips were 3.7, 3.5, 3.2, and 2.4 times greater, respectively, than those of FC13-14 at 7 d, indicating that the ARs formation and growth were faster in NC1. In addition, the biomass of aboveground and underground parts in NC1 was 3.6 and 1.3 times more, respectively, than that of FC13-14 at 7 d after cutting, suggesting that the rapid ARs formation rate contributed to the growth and yield of stems and leaves. The analysis of plant water potential showed that NC1 exhibiting higher water potential prevented leaf wilting. Gene expression levels of 22 root-related genes revealed differential expression during different developmental periods. Interestingly, YUCCA family genes had elevated transcript abundance at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h. Moreover, analysis of hormones including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethylene (ETH), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinolide (BR), jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellin (GA), and cytokinin (CTK) revealed varied contents during different developmental stages. Cumulative evidence demonstrated that gene expression profiles and hormone content of IAA, ETH, and BR were significantly higher in NC1 roots than in FC13-14 roots following all time periods, while the amount of JA increased and was higher in FC13-14 than in NC1 from 0 to 72 h. This indicates that IAA, BR, and ETH play positive roles and JA has a negative effect on ARs formation. Moreover, ETH takes effect earlier than BR, while IAA and JA have functions throughout the whole process. The findings above were validated by the application of exogenous hormones and hormone synthesis inhibitors. This study reveals the preliminary regulation of ARs formation in leaf-vegetable sweetpotato cuttings and thus contributes to further clarification of the molecular mechanism of multiple hormone interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crops Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Corps/ Hubei Sweetpotato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Sebastian Buitrago
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Haoran Gao
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Hui Han
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Chu Wu
- College of Horticulture & Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/ Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Xinsun Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crops Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Corps/ Hubei Sweetpotato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
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27
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Xu P, Fang S, Chen H, Cai W. The brassinosteroid-responsive xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 19 (XTH19) and XTH23 genes are involved in lateral root development under salt stress in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:59-75. [PMID: 32656780 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs) are the main component of the root system architecture in Arabidopsis. The plasticity of LR development has an important role in improving plant survival in response to the external environment. Previous studies have revealed a number of genetic pathways that control plant growth in response to environmental stimuli. Here, we find that the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase 19 (XTH19) and XTH23 genes are involved in LR development under salt stress. The density of LRs was decreased in the xth23 single mutant, which was also more sensitive to salt than the wild type, and the xth19xth23 double mutant exhibited additive downregulated LR initiation and salt sensitivity compared with the single mutant. On the contrary, constitutive overexpression of XTH19 or XTH23 caused increased LR densities. Furthermore, XTH19 and XTH23 were induced by salt via the key brassinosteroid signaling pathway transcription factor BES1. In addition, we found that 35S::BES1 increased salt tolerance and the phenotype of xth19xth23 & 35S::BES1 was partially complementary to the wild-type level. In vivo and in vitro assays demonstrated that BES1 acts directly upstream of XTH19 and XTH23 to control their expression. Overall, our results revealed that XTH19 and XTH23 are involved in LR development via the BES1-dependent pathway, and contribute to LR adaptation to salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shan Fang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 1278 BaoDe Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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28
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Ai H, Cao Y, Jain A, Wang X, Hu Z, Zhao G, Hu S, Shen X, Yan Y, Liu X, Sun Y, Lan X, Xu G, Sun S. The ferroxidase LPR5 functions in the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis and is required for normal growth and development of rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4828-4842. [PMID: 32618334 PMCID: PMC7475252 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Low Phosphate Root (LPR) family have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa) and expression analyses have been conducted. Here, we investigated the functions of one of the five members in rice, LPR5. qRT-PCR and promoter-GUS reporter analyses indicated that under Pi-sufficient conditions OsLPR5 was highly expressed in the roots, and specific expression occurred in the leaf collars and nodes, and its expression was increased under Pi-deficient conditions. In vitro analysis of the purified OsLPR5 protein showed that it exhibited ferroxidase activity. Overexpression of OsLPR5 triggered higher ferroxidase activity, and elevated concentrations of Fe(III) in the xylem sap and of total Fe in the roots and shoots. Transient expression of OsLPR5 in Nicotiana benthamiana provided evidence of its subcellular localization to the cell wall and endoplasmic reticulum. Knockout mutation in OsLPR5 by means of CRISPR-Cas9 resulted in adverse effects on Pi translocation, on the relative expression of Cis-NATOsPHO1;2, and on several morphological traits, including root development and yield potential. Our results indicate that ferroxidase-dependent OsLPR5 has both a broad-spectrum influence on growth and development in rice as well as affecting a subset of physiological and molecular traits that govern Pi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Yue Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
- Landscape Architecture Department, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Gengmao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Siwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Xing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
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29
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Sun Y, Jain A, Xue Y, Wang X, Zhao G, Liu L, Hu Z, Hu S, Shen X, Liu X, Ai H, Xu G, Sun S. OsSQD1 at the crossroads of phosphate and sulfur metabolism affects plant morphology and lipid composition in response to phosphate deprivation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1669-1690. [PMID: 32266981 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In phosphate (Pi)-deprived Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is substituted by sulfolipid for maintaining Pi homeostasis. Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol1 (AtSQD1) encodes a protein, which catalyzes uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and sulfite (SO32- ) to UDP-sulfoquinovose, which is a key component in the sulfolipid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, a reverse genetics approach was employed to decipher the function of the AtSQD1 homolog OsSQD1 in rice. Differential expressions of OsSQD1 in different tissue and response to -P and -S also detected, respectively. The in vitro protein assay and analysis suggests that OsSQD1 is a UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase. Transient expression analysis showed that OsSQD1 is located in the chloroplast. The analyses of the knockout (ossqd1) and knockdown (Ri1 and Ri2) mutants demonstrated reductions in Pi and total P concentrations, 32 Pi uptake rate, expression levels of Pi transporters and altered developmental responses of root traits, which were accentuated during Pi deficiency. The inhibitory effects of the OsSQD1 mutation were also evident in the development of reproductive tissue. Furthermore, OsSQD1 differently affects lipid composition under different Pi regime affects sulfur (S) homeostasis. Together, the study revealed that OsSQD1 affects Pi and S homeostasis, and lipid composition in response to Pi deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of ECO-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Yong Xue
- Institute of ECO-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gengmao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Cao Y, Jain A, Ai H, Liu X, Wang X, Hu Z, Sun Y, Hu S, Shen X, Lan X, Xu G, Sun S. OsPDR2 mediates the regulation on the development response and maintenance of Pi homeostasis in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:1-10. [PMID: 32028088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic orthophosphate (Pi), a major form of essential macronutrient phosphorus (P), is available in rhizosphere for acquisition and assimilation by plants. However, the limited availability of Pi in soils affects the growth and development of plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), Phosphate Deficiency Response2 (AtPDR2), interacts genetically with Low Phosphate Root1 (AtLPR1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plays a key role in the inhibition of primary root growth (PRG) during Pi deficiency. However, the role of OsPDR2, the homolog of AtPDR2, either in roots response to Pi deficiency and/or in growth and development has not been elucidated as yet. Therefore, qRT-PCR was employed to determine the spatiotemporal effects and the availability of Pi on the expression of OsPDR2. OsPDR2 showed variable levels of relative expression pattern in vegetative and/or reproductive tissues analyzed at different stages of growth and development (5-17 weeks). Transient expression analysis revealed its subcellular localization to the ER. Further, the reverse genetics approach was employed for determining the function of OsPDR2 by generating RNAi lines (Ri2, Ri9, and Ri18). The study revealed significant inhibitory effects of RNAi-mediated suppression of OsPDR2 on the development of root, male reproductive traits, and yield. Moreover, 32P isotope labeling and split-root experiments under different Pi regime with RNAi lines revealed the function of OsPDR2 in regulating homeostasis of Pi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
| | - Hao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China; Landscape Architecture Department, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
| | - Zhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
| | - Yafei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China; Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
| | - Siwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
| | - Xing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
| | - Shubin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, China.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Ma B, Hou Q, Wan X. Phylogeny and Functions of LOB Domain Proteins in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072278. [PMID: 32224847 PMCID: PMC7178066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral organ boundaries (LOB) domain (LBD) genes, a gene family encoding plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in plant growth and development. At present, though there have been a number of genome-wide analyses on LBD gene families and functional studies on individual LBD proteins, the diverse functions of LBD family members still confuse researchers and an effective strategy is required to summarize their functional diversity. To further integrate and improve our understanding of the phylogenetic classification, functional characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of LBD proteins, we review and discuss the functional characteristics of LBD proteins according to their classifications under a phylogenetic framework. It is proved that this strategy is effective in the anatomy of diverse functions of LBD family members. Additionally, by phylogenetic analysis, one monocot-specific and one eudicot-specific subclade of LBD proteins were found and their biological significance in monocot and eudicot development were also discussed separately. The review will help us better understand the functional diversity of LBD proteins and facilitate further studies on this plant-specific transcription factor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Quancan Hou
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-10-6299-5866
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Guo J, Li C, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang D, Shi Y, Song Y, Li Y, Yang D, Wang T. Transcriptome and GWAS analyses reveal candidate gene for seminal root length of maize seedlings under drought stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110380. [PMID: 32005385 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water deficits are a major constraint on maize growth and yield, and deep roots are one of the major mechanisms of drought tolerance. In this study, four root and shoot traits were evaluated within an association panel consisting of 209 diverse maize accessions under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions. A significant positive correlation was observed between seminal root length (SRL) under WS treatment and the drought tolerance index (DI) of maize seedlings. The transcriptome profiles of maize seminal roots were compared between four drought-tolerant lines and four drought-sensitive lines under both water conditions to identify genes associated with the drought stress response. After drought stress, 343 and 177 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the drought-tolerant group and drought-sensitive group, respectively. In parallel, a coexpression network underlying SRL was constructed on the basis of transcriptome data, and 10 hub genes involved in two significant associated modules were identified. Additionally, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the SRL revealed 62 loci for the two water treatments. By integrating the results of the GWAS, the common DEGs and the coexpression network analysis, 7 promising candidate genes were prioritized for further research. Together, our results provide a foundation for the enhanced understanding of seminal root changes in response to drought stress in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Yongxiang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengfeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsu Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deguang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Lee H, Ganguly A, Lee RD, Park M, Cho HT. Intracellularly Localized PIN-FORMED8 Promotes Lateral Root Emergence in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1808. [PMID: 32082353 PMCID: PMC7005106 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers with a long central hydrophilic loop (long PINs) have been implicated in organogenesis. However, the role of short hydrophilic loop PINs (short PINs) in organogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of a short PIN, PIN8, in lateral root (LR) development in Arabidopsis thaliana. The loss-of-function mutation in PIN8 significantly decreased LR density, mostly by affecting the emergence stage. PIN8 showed a sporadic expression pattern along the root vascular cells in the phloem, where the PIN8 protein predominantly localized to intracellular compartments. During LR primordium development, PIN8 was expressed at the late stage. Plasma membrane (PM)-localized long PINs suppressed LR formation when expressed in the PIN8 domain. Conversely, an auxin influx carrier, AUX1, restored the wild-type (WT) LR density when expressed in the PIN8 domain of the pin8 mutant root. Moreover, LR emergence was considerably inhibited when AXR2-1, the dominant negative form of Aux/IAA7, compromised auxin signaling in the PIN8 domain. Consistent with these observations, the expression of many genes implicated in late LR development was suppressed in the pin8 mutant compared with the WT. Our results suggest that the intracellularly localized PIN8 affects LR development most likely by modulating intracellular auxin translocation. Thus, the function of PIN8 is distinctive from that of PM-localized long PINs, where they generate local auxin gradients for organogenesis by conducting cell-to-cell auxin reflux.
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34
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Huisman R, Geurts R. A Roadmap toward Engineered Nitrogen-Fixing Nodule Symbiosis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100019. [PMID: 33404552 PMCID: PMC7748023 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the late 19th century, it was discovered that legumes can establish a root nodule endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Soon after, the question was raised whether it is possible to transfer this trait to non-leguminous crops. In the past century, an ever-increasing amount of knowledge provided unique insights into the cellular, molecular, and genetic processes controlling this endosymbiosis. In addition, recent phylogenomic studies uncovered several genes that evolved to function specifically to control nodule formation and bacterial infection. However, despite this massive body of knowledge, the long-standing objective to engineer the nitrogen-fixing nodulation trait on non-leguminous crop plants has not been achieved yet. In this review, the unsolved questions and engineering strategies toward nitrogen-fixing nodulation in non-legume plants are discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Huisman
- Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Geurts
- Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands
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35
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Wang X, Feng J, White PJ, Shen J, Cheng L. Heterogeneous phosphate supply influences maize lateral root proliferation by regulating auxin redistribution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:119-130. [PMID: 31560368 PMCID: PMC6948210 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Roots take up phosphorus (P) as inorganic phosphate (Pi). Enhanced root proliferation in Pi-rich patches enables plants to capture the unevenly distributed Pi, but the underlying control of root proliferation remains largely unknown. Here, the role of auxin in this response was investigated in maize (Zea mays). METHODS A split-root, hydroponics system was employed to investigate root responses to Pi supply, with one (heterogeneous) or both (homogeneous) sides receiving 0 or 500 μm Pi. KEY RESULTS Maize roots proliferated in Pi-rich media, particularly with heterogeneous Pi supply. The second-order lateral root number was 3-fold greater in roots of plants receiving a heterogeneous Pi supply than in roots of plants with a homogeneous Pi supply. Root proliferation in a heterogeneous Pi supply was inhibited by the auxin transporter inhibitor 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). The proliferation of lateral roots was accompanied by an enhanced auxin response in the apical meristem and vascular tissues at the root tip, as demonstrated in a DR5::RFP marker line. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the response of maize root morphology to a heterogeneous Pi supply is modulated by local signals of Pi availability and systemic signals of plant P nutritional status, and is mediated by auxin redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing , P. R. China
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Agapit C, Gigon A, Girin T, Leitao L, Blouin M. Split-root system optimization based on the survival, growth and development of the model Poaceae Brachypodium distachyon. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:227-236. [PMID: 30950064 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Split-root system has been developed to better understand plant response to environmental factors, by exposing two separate parts of a single root system to heterogeneous situations. Surprisingly, there is no study attempting to maximize plant survival, growth and root system structure through a statistically sound comparison of different experimental protocols. Here, we aim at optimizing split-root systems on the model plant for Poaceae and cereals Brachypodium distachyon in terms of plant survival, number of roots and their equal distribution between the two compartments. We tested the effect of hydroponic or soil as growing media, with or without change of media at the transplantation step. The partial or total cutting of roots and/or shoots was also tested in different treatments as it could have an influence on plant access to energy and water and consequently on survival, growth and root development. Growing plants in soil before and after transplantation in split-root system was the best condition to get the highest survival rate, number of coleoptile node axile roots and growth. Cutting the whole root system was the best option to have a high root biomass and length at the end of the experiment. However, cutting shoots was detrimental for plant growth, especially in terms of root biomass production. In well-watered conditions, a plant submitted to a transfer in a split-root system is thus mainly lacking energy to produce new roots thanks to photosynthesis or adaptive autophagy, not water or nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Agapit
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (UMR 7618), UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Agnès Gigon
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (UMR 7618), UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Thomas Girin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Luis Leitao
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (UMR 7618), UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Manuel Blouin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Zhang T, He X, Deng Y, Tsang DCW, Jiang R, Becker GC, Kruse A. Phosphorus recovered from digestate by hydrothermal processes with struvite crystallization and its potential as a fertilizer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134240. [PMID: 31499343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from digestate has attracted considerable interest. In this study, hydrothermal processes in combination with struvite crystallization were performed to promote P solubilization and capture from digestate; its potential as a phosphate-based fertilizer was also investigated. Hydrothermal treatment with HCl and H2O2 showed good results for the solubilization of organic and slightly soluble P, and achieved the lowest input energy need (768 kWhkg-1P). Struvite crystallization reached 99.3% (Mg2+:PO43-1.84:1, pH 9.98). X-ray diffractometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer mapping demonstrated the main precipitate component was struvite. For the fertilization of maize, P utilization from struvite was 19.0%. Light microscope analysis revealed that appropriate amounts of struvite may have an influence on the growth of the primary root. Overall, 16.6% of total P was recovered after P was solubilized, captured and made available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Biomass Engineering Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Xinyue He
- Biomass Engineering Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Biomass Engineering Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongfeng Jiang
- Biomass Engineering Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gero C Becker
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Kruse
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Yuan TT, Xu HH, Li J, Lu YT. Auxin abolishes SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE5-mediated inhibition of lateral root development in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:297-309. [PMID: 31403703 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs), which form in the plant postembryonically, determine the architecture of the root system. While negative regulatory factors that inhibit LR formation and are counteracted by auxin exist in the pericycle, these factors have not been characterised. Here, we report that SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE5 (SRS5) is an intrinsic negative regulator of LR formation and that auxin signalling abolishes this inhibitory effect of SRS5. Whereas LR primordia (LRPs) and LRs were fewer and less dense in SRS5ox and Pro35S:SRS5-GFP plants than in the wild-type, they were more abundant and denser in the srs5-2 loss-of-function mutant. SRS5 inhibited LR formation by directly downregulating the expression of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN 16 (LBD16) and LBD29. Auxin repressed SRS5 expression. Auxin-mediated repression of SRS5 expression was not observed in the arf7-1 arf19-1 double mutant, likely because ARF7 and ARF19 bind to the promoter of SRS5 and inhibit its expression in response to auxin. Taken together, our data reveal that SRS5 negatively regulates LR formation by repressing the expression of LBD16 and LBD29 and that auxin releases this inhibitory effect through ARF7 and ARF19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Heng-Hao Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Villette J, Cuéllar T, Zimmermann SD, Verdeil JL, Gaillard I. Unique features of the grapevine VvK5.1 channel support novel functions for outward K+ channels in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6181-6193. [PMID: 31327013 PMCID: PMC6859719 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), one of the most important fruit crops, is a model plant for studying the physiology of fleshy fruits. Here, we report on the characterization of a new grapevine Shaker-type K+ channel, VvK5.1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that VvK5.1 belongs to the SKOR-like subfamily. Our functional characterization of VvK5.1 in Xenopus oocytes confirms that it is an outwardly rectifying K+ channel that displays strict K+ selectivity. Gene expression level analyses by real-time quantitative PCR showed that VvK5.1 expression was detected in berries, roots, and flowers. In contrast to its Arabidopsis thaliana counterpart that is involved in K+ secretion in the root pericycle, allowing root to shoot K+ translocation, VvK5.1 expression territory is greatly enlarged. Using in situ hybridization we showed that VvK5.1 is expressed in the phloem and perivascular cells of berries and in flower pistil. In the root, in addition to being expressed in the root pericycle like AtSKOR, a strong expression of VvK5.1 is detected in small cells facing the xylem that are involved in lateral root formation. This fine and selective expression pattern of VvK5.1 at the early stage of lateral root primordia supports a role for outward channels to switch on cell division initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Villette
- BPMP, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Teresa Cuéllar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
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Fan HM, Liu BW, Ma FF, Sun X, Zheng CS. Proteomic profiling of root system development proteins in chrysanthemum overexpressing the CmTCP20 gene. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110175. [PMID: 31481217 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant root systems ensure the efficient absorption of water and nutrients and provide anchoring into the soil. Although root systems are a highly plastic set of traits that vary both between and among species, the basic root system morphology is controlled by inherent genetic factors. TCP20 has been identified as a key regulator of root development in plants, and yet its underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated, especially in chrysanthemum. We found that overexpression of the CmTCP20 gene promoted both adventitious and lateral root development in chrysanthemum. To get further insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling root system development, we conducted a study employing tandem mass tag proteomic to characterize the differential root system development proteomes from CmTCP20-overexpressing and wild-type chrysanthemum root samples. Of the proteins identified, 234 proteins were found to be differentially abundant (>1.5-fold cut off, p < 0.05) in CmTCP20-overexpressing versus wild-type chrysanthemum root samples. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the CmTCP20 gene may participate in "phytohormone signal transduction". Our findings provide a valuable perspective on the mechanisms of both adventitious and lateral root development via CmTCP20 modulation at the proteome level in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Fang-Fang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xia Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Cheng-Shu Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Pham MT, Huang CM, Kirschner R. The plant growth-promoting potential of the mesophilic wood-rot mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1157-1171. [PMID: 31291682 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To demonstrate the plant growth-promoting potential of a wood-decay mushroom. METHODS AND RESULTS A wild strain of a white rot fungus (Pleurotus pulmonarius) was found to convert 10 mmol l-1 L-tryptophan (TRP) to approximately 15 μg ml-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under the optimal growth conditions of 30°C and pH 5 for 15 days. Results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated IAA synthesis through the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway when using cellulose as a sole carbon source. The mycelium as well as the culture filtrate promoted the growth and chlorophyll content of seedlings. In a monocotyledonous plant (rice), the number of lateral roots was increased experimentally, whereas in a dicotyledonous plant (tomato), the fungus led to an increased length of shoots and roots. CONCLUSIONS TRP-dependent IAA production was demonstrated for the first time for P. pulmonarius and may be responsible for enhancing plant growth in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Synthesis of IAA as the most prevalent phytohormone in plants has been demonstrated for soil microfungi. Pleurotus pulmonarius is reported as an IAA-producing wood-decay macrofungus. The higher temperature optimum of P. pulmonarius isolated from subtropical environment compared to other Pleurotus species from temperate regions makes it more suitable for application in subtropical/tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Pham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - C-M Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - R Kirschner
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhu Q, Shao Y, Ge S, Zhang M, Zhang T, Hu X, Liu Y, Walker J, Zhang S, Xu J. A MAPK cascade downstream of IDA-HAE/HSL2 ligand-receptor pair in lateral root emergence. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:414-423. [PMID: 30936437 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root (LR) emergence is a highly coordinated process involving precise cell-cell communication. Here, we show that MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 (MPK3) and MPK6, and their upstream MAP-kinase kinases (MAPKKs), MKK4 and MKK5, function downstream of HAESA (HAE)/HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) and their ligand INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) during LR emergence. Loss of function of MKK4/MKK5 or MPK3/MPK6 results in restricted passage of the growing lateral root primordia (LRP) through the overlaying endodermal, cortical and epidermal cell layers, leading to reduced LR density. The MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module regulates the expression of cell wall remodelling genes in cells overlaying LRP and therefore controls pectin degradation in the middle lamella. Expression of constitutively active MKK4 or MKK5 driven by the HAE or HSL2 promoter fully rescues the LR emergence defect in the ida and hae hsl2 mutants. In addition, the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module is indispensable in auxin-facilitated LR emergence. Our study provides insights into the auxin-governed and IDA-HAE/HLS2 ligand-receptor pair-mediated LR emergence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shating Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John Walker
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Effects of green seaweed extract on Arabidopsis early development suggest roles for hormone signalling in plant responses to algal fertilisers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1983. [PMID: 30760853 PMCID: PMC6374390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing population requires sustainable, environmentally-friendly crops. The plant growth-enhancing properties of algal extracts have suggested their use as biofertilisers. The mechanism(s) by which algal extracts affect plant growth are unknown. We examined the effects of extracts from the common green seaweed Ulva intestinalis on germination and root development in the model land plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Ulva extract concentrations above 0.1% inhibited Arabidopsis germination and root growth. Ulva extract <0.1% stimulated root growth. All concentrations of Ulva extract inhibited lateral root formation. An abscisic-acid-insensitive mutant, abi1, showed altered sensitivity to germination- and root growth-inhibition. Ethylene- and cytokinin-insensitive mutants were partly insensitive to germination-inhibition. This suggests that different mechanisms mediate each effect of Ulva extract on early Arabidopsis development and that multiple hormones contribute to germination-inhibition. Elemental analysis showed that Ulva contains high levels of Aluminium ions (Al3+). Ethylene and cytokinin have been suggested to function in Al3+-mediated root growth inhibition: our data suggest that if Ulva Al3+ levels inhibit root growth, this is via a novel mechanism. We suggest algal extracts should be used cautiously as fertilisers, as the inhibitory effects on early development may outweigh any benefits if the concentration of extract is too high.
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Kortz A, Hochholdinger F, Yu P. Cell Type-Specific Transcriptomics of Lateral Root Formation and Plasticity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:21. [PMID: 30809234 PMCID: PMC6379339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots are a major determinant of root architecture and are instrumental for the efficient uptake of water and nutrients. Lateral roots consist of multiple cell types each expressing a unique transcriptome at a given developmental stage. Therefore, transcriptome analyses of complete lateral roots provide only average gene expression levels integrated over all cell types. Such analyses have the risk to mask genes, pathways and networks specifically expressed in a particular cell type during lateral root formation. Cell type-specific transcriptomics paves the way for a holistic understanding of the programming and re-programming of cells such as pericycle cells, involved in lateral root initiation. Recent discoveries have advanced the molecular understanding of the intrinsic genetic control of lateral root initiation and elongation. Moreover, the impact of nitrate availability on the transcriptional regulation of lateral root formation in Arabidopsis and cereals has been studied. In this review, we will focus on the systemic dissection of lateral root formation and its interaction with environmental nitrate through cell type-specific transcriptome analyses. These novel discoveries provide a better mechanistic understanding of postembryonic lateral root development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peng Yu
- INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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45
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Challa GS, Li W. De novo assembly of wheat root transcriptomes and transcriptional signature of longitudinal differentiation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205582. [PMID: 30395610 PMCID: PMC6218025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hidden underground, root systems constitute an important part of the plant for its development, nourishment and sensing the soil environment around it, but we know very little about its genetic regulation in crop plants like wheat. In the present study, we de novo assembled the root transcriptomes in reference cultivar Chinese Spring from RNA-seq reads generated by the 454-GS-FLX and HiSeq platforms. The FLX reads were assembled into 24,986 transcripts with completeness of 54.84%, and the HiSeq reads were assembled into 91,543 high-confidence protein-coding transcripts, 2,404 low-confidence protein-coding transcripts, and 13,181 non-coding transcripts with the completeness of >90%. Combining the FLX and HiSeq assemblies, we assembled a root transcriptome of 92,335 ORF-containing transcripts. Approximately 7% of the coding transcripts and ~2% non-coding transcripts are not present in the current wheat genome assembly. Functional annotation of both assemblies showed similar gene ontology patterns and that ~7% coding and >5% non-coding transcripts are root-specific. Transcription quantification identified 1,728 differentially expressed transcripts between root tips and maturation zone, and functional annotation of these transcripts captured a transcriptional signature of longitudinal development of wheat root. With the transcriptomic resources developed, this study provided the first view of wheat root transcriptome under different developmental zones and laid a foundation for molecular studies of wheat root development and growth using a reverse genetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghana Shyam Challa
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
| | - Wanlong Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sun Y, Luo W, Jain A, Liu L, Ai H, Liu X, Feng B, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Guohua X, Sun S. OsPHR3 affects the traits governing nitrogen homeostasis in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:241. [PMID: 30332988 PMCID: PMC6192161 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphate (Pi) and Nitrogen (N) are essential macronutrients required for plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), the transcription factor PHR1 acts as a Pi central regulator. PHL1 is a homolog of PHR1 and also plays a role in maintaining Pi homeostasis. In rice (Oryza sativa), OsPHR1-4 are the orthologs of PHR1 and have been implicated in regulating sensing and signaling cascades governing Pi homeostasis. RESULTS Here the role of OsPHR3 was examined in regulating the homeostasis of N under different Pi regimes. Deficiencies of different variants of N exerted attenuating effects on the relative expression levels of OsPHR3 in a tissue-specific manner. For the functional characterization of OsPHR3, its Tos17 insertion homozygous mutants i.e., osphr3-1, osphr3-2, and osphr3-3 were compared with the wild-type for various morphophysiological and molecular traits during vegetative (hydroponics with different regimes of N variants) and reproductive (pot soil) growth phases. During vegetative growth phase, compared with the wild-type, OsPHR3 mutants showed significant variations in the adventitious root development, influx rates of 15N-NO3- and 15N-NH4+, concentrations of total N, NO3- and NH4+ in different tissues, and the relative expression levels of OsNRT1.1a, OsNRT2.4, OsAMT1;1, OsNia1 and OsNia2. The effects of the mutation in OsPHR3 was also explicit on the seed-set and grain yield during growth in a pot soil. Although Pi deficiency affected total N and NO3- concentration, the lateral root development and the relative expression levels of some of the NO3- and NH4+ transporter genes, its availability did not exert any notable regulatory influences on the traits governing N homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS OsPHR3 plays a pivotal role in regulating the homeostasis of N independent of Pi availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Wenzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur, 303002 India
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Bing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhantian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xu Guohua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shubin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Yugandhar P, Sun Y, Liu L, Negi M, Nallamothu V, Sun S, Neelamraju S, Rai V, Jain A. Characterization of the loss-of-function mutant NH101 for yield under phosphate deficiency from EMS-induced mutants of rice variety Nagina22. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:1-13. [PMID: 29957570 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In earlier studies at IIRR, Hyderabad, screening of ∼2000 EMS mutants of the rice variety Nagina22 (N22) resulted in the identification of 11 loss-of-function mutants with zero grain yield in Pi-deprived soil under field condition. Among these mutants, NH101 was selected for comparative analyses with N22 for various morphophysiological and/or molecular traits during growth in a hydroponic system (7 d) and in a pot soil (50% flowering) under different Pi regime. The total length of the seminal and adventitious roots, agronomic traits (panicle length and unfilled spikelet/panicle), activities of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and APX), and the relative expression levels of the genes involved in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis (MPH) i.e., OsPHR2, SPX1/2 OsPT4, 6, and 8 showed significant increase in the Pi-deprived mutant compared with N22. Whereas, some of the traits showed significant reduction in NH101 than N22 such as number of tillers and filled spikelets/panicle, yield, contents of Pi and externally secreted APase, activity of CAT, and the relative expression levels of MPH genes i.e., OsmiR399a, OsPHO1;2, OsIPS1, OsPAP10a, OsPT2, 9, and 10. The study highlighted wide spectrum differential effects of the mutation in NH101 on various traits that play important roles governing the maintenance of Pi homeostasis. This mutant thus provides a rich repository of genetic material amenable for the identification of the genes that are pivotal for Pi use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poli Yugandhar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Yafei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Manisha Negi
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Shubin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Sarla Neelamraju
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
| | - Vandna Rai
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
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Oh E, Seo PJ, Kim J. Signaling Peptides and Receptors Coordinating Plant Root Development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:337-351. [PMID: 29366684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small peptides mediate cell-cell communication to coordinate a variety of plant developmental processes. Signaling peptides specifically bind to the extracellular domains of receptors that belong to the receptor-like kinase family, and the peptide-receptor interaction activates a range of biochemical and physiological processes. The plant root is crucial for the anchorage of plants in soil as well as for the uptake of water and nutrients. Over recent years great progress has been made in the identification of receptors, structural analysis of peptide-receptor pairs, and characterization of their signaling pathways during plant root development. We review here recent advances in the elucidation of the functions and molecular mechanisms of signaling peptides, the peptide-receptor pairs that activate signal initiation, and their signaling pathways during root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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Vacheron J, Desbrosses G, Renoud S, Padilla R, Walker V, Muller D, Prigent-Combaret C. Differential Contribution of Plant-Beneficial Functions from Pseudomonas kilonensis F113 to Root System Architecture Alterations in Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:212-223. [PMID: 28971723 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-17-0185-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent pseudomonads are playing key roles in plant-bacteria symbiotic interactions due to the multiple plant-beneficial functions (PBFs) they are harboring. The relative contributions of PBFs to plant-stimulatory effects of the well-known plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas kilonensis F113 (formerly P. fluorescens F113) were investigated using a genetic approach. To this end, several deletion mutants were constructed, simple mutants ΔphlD (impaired in the biosynthesis of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol [DAPG]), ΔacdS (deficient in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity), Δgcd (glucose dehydrogenase deficient, impaired in phosphate solubilization), and ΔnirS (nitrite reductase deficient), and a quadruple mutant (deficient in the four PBFs mentioned above). Every PBF activity was quantified in the wild-type strain and the five deletion mutants. This approach revealed few functional interactions between PBFs in vitro. In particular, biosynthesis of glucose dehydrogenase severely reduced the production of DAPG. Contrariwise, the DAPG production impacted positively, but to a lesser extent, phosphate solubilization. Inoculation of the F113 wild-type strain on Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 and maize seedlings modified the root architecture of both plants. Mutant strain inoculations revealed that the relative contribution of each PBF differed according to the measured plant traits and that F113 plant-stimulatory effects did not correspond to the sum of each PBF relative contribution. Indeed, two PBF genes (ΔacdS and ΔnirS) had a significant impact on root-system architecture from both model plants, in in vitro and in vivo conditions. The current work underscored that few F113 PBFs seem to interact between each other in the free-living bacterial cells, whereas they control in concert Arabidopsis thaliana and maize growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Vacheron
- 1 UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; and
| | - Guilhem Desbrosses
- 2 CNRS, INRA, UMR5004, Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Renoud
- 1 UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; and
| | - Rosa Padilla
- 1 UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; and
| | - Vincent Walker
- 1 UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; and
| | - Daniel Muller
- 1 UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; and
| | - Claire Prigent-Combaret
- 1 UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; and
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Zhang H, Yue M, Zheng X, Gautam M, He S, Li L. The Role of Promoter-Associated Histone Acetylation of Haem Oxygenase-1 ( HO-1) and Giberellic Acid-Stimulated Like-1 ( GSL-1) Genes in Heat-Induced Lateral Root Primordium Inhibition in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1520. [PMID: 30459784 PMCID: PMC6232826 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, lateral roots play a crucial role in the uptake of water and nutrients. Several genes such as Zea mays Haem Oxygenase-1 (ZmHO-1) and Giberellic Acid-Stimulated Like-1 (ZmGSL-1) have been found to be involved in lateral root development. In the present investigation, we observed that heat treatment might be involved in the inhibition of lateral root primordium (LRP) formation in maize, accompanied by an increase in global acetylation levels of histone 3 lysine residue 9 (H3K9) and histone 4 lysine residue 5 (H4K5), suggesting that histone modification was related to LRP inhibition. However, Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), apparently did not inhibit the LRP formation, revealing that global hyperacetylation might not be the determining factor in the LRP inhibition induced by heat stress. Furthermore, expression of genes related to lateral root development in maize, ZmHO-1 and ZmGSL-1, was down-regulated and the acetylation levels in the promoter region of these two genes were decreased under heat stress, suggesting that promoter-associated histone acetylation might be associated with the expression of ZmHO-1 and ZmGSL-1 genes which were found to be involved in the heat-induced LRP inhibition in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mayank Gautam
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shibin He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shibin He, Lijia Li,
| | - Lijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shibin He, Lijia Li,
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