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Ning K, Sun T, Wang Z, Li H, Fang P, Cai X, Wu X, Xu M, Xu P. Selective penetration of fullerenol through pea seed coats mitigates osmosis-repressed germination via chromatin remodeling and transcriptional reprograming. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6008-6017. [PMID: 38437455 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alteration of chromatin accessibility plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) have attracted increasing interest in agriculture due to their potential impact on crop productivity, showcasing effects on plant biological processes at transcriptional levels; however, their impact on chromatin accessibility remains unknown. RESULTS This study found that fullerenol can penetrate the seed coat of pea to mitigate the reduction of seed germination caused by osmotic stress. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that the application of fullerenol caused the high expression of genes related to oxidoreduction to return to a normal level. Assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) confirmed that fullerenol application reduced the overall levels of chromatin accessibility of numerous genes, including those related to environmental signaling, transcriptional regulation, and metabolism. CONCLUSION This study suggests that fullerenol alleviates osmotic stress on various fronts, encompassing antioxidant, transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. This advances knowledge of the working mechanism of this nanomaterial within plant cells. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Li
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Guan L, Yin L, Liu Y, Yan J, Wang B, Luan M, Lan W. A plasma membrane-localized transporter remobilizes aleurone layer magnesium for seed germination in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38837713 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The aleurone layer in cereal grains acts as a major reservoir of essential mineral nutrients, significantly influencing seed germination. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the redistribution of nutrients from the aleurone layer in the germinating seed is still not well understood. Here, in rice, we identified a plasma membrane (PM) localized magnesium transporter, MAGNESIUM RELEASE TRANSPORTER 3 (MGR3), is critical for seed germination. OsMGR3 is predominantly expressed in the aleurone layer cells of endosperm, facilitating magnesium remobilization during germination. Non-invasive Micro-test Technology assay data demonstrated that the loss-of-function of OsMGR3 restrained magnesium efflux from the aleurone layer. In the embryo/endosperm grafting experiment, we observed that the mutation of OsMGR3 in the aleurone layer suppressed the growth and differentiation of the embryo during germination. Furthermore, magnesium fluorescence imaging revealed the osmgr3 mutant seeds showed impaired exportation of aleurone layer-stored magnesium to the embryo, consequently delaying germination. Importantly, we discovered that disrupting OsMGR3 could inhibit pre-harvest sprouting without affecting rice yield and quality. Therefore, the magnesium efflux transporter OsMGR3 in the aleurone layer represents a promising genetic target for future agronomic trait improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liurong Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingna Liu
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingda Luan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Tomemori H, Kim JS, Elhadi GMI, Tsujimoto H. Genetic variation for grain nutritional profile and yield potential in sorghum and the possibility of selection for drought tolerance under irrigated conditions. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:515. [PMID: 37660014 PMCID: PMC10474746 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing grain nutritional value in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a paramount breeding objective, as is increasing drought resistance (DR), because sorghum is grown mainly in drought-prone areas. The genetic basis of grain nutritional traits remains largely unknown. Marker-assisted selection using significant loci identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS) shows potential for selecting desirable traits in crops. This study assessed natural variation available in sorghum accessions from around the globe to identify novel genes or genomic regions with potential for improving grain nutritional value, and to study associations between DR traits and grain weight and nutritional composition. RESULTS We dissected the genetic architecture of grain nutritional composition, protein content, thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and plant height (PH) in sorghum through GWAS of 163 unique African and Asian accessions under irrigated and post-flowering drought conditions. Several QTLs were detected. Some were significantly associated with DR, TKW, PH, protein, and Zn, Mn, and Ca contents. Genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, and 10 were associated with TKW, nutritional, and DR traits; colocalization patterns of these markers indicate potential for simultaneous improvement of these traits. In African accessions, markers associated with TKW were mapped to six regions also associated with protein, Zn, Ca, Mn, Na, and DR, suggesting the potential for simultaneous selection for higher grain nutrition and TKW. Our results indicate that it may be possible to select for increased DR on the basis of grain nutrition and weight potential. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a valuable resource for selecting landraces for use in plant breeding programs and for identifying loci that may contribute to grain nutrition and weight with the hope of producing cultivars that combine improved yield traits, nutrition, and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan.
- Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan.
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tomemori
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - June-Sik Kim
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan.
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Summpunn P, Deh-ae N, Panpipat W, Manurakchinakorn S, Bhoopong P, Donlao N, Rawdkuen S, Shetty K, Chaijan M. Nutritional Profiles of Yoom Noon Rice from Royal Initiative of Southern Thailand: A Comparison of White Rice, Brown Rice, and Germinated Brown Rice. Foods 2023; 12:2952. [PMID: 37569220 PMCID: PMC10418706 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
For long-term food sustainability and security, it is crucial to recognize and preserve Indigenous rice varieties and their diversity. Yoom Noon is one of the non-glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties being conserved as part of the Phanang Basin Area Development Project, which is administered by the Royal Initiative of Nakhon Si Thammarat in Southern Thailand. The goal of this research was to compare the nutritional profiles of Yoom Noon white rice, brown rice, and germinated brown rice. The results indicated that carbohydrate content was found to be the most plentiful macronutrient in all processed Yoom Noon rice types, accounting for 67.1 to 81.5% of the total. White rice had the highest carbohydrate content (p < 0.05), followed by brown rice and germinated brown rice. Brown rice had more protein and fat than white rice (p < 0.05). The maximum protein, dietary fiber, and ash content were found in germinated brown rice, followed by brown rice and white rice (p < 0.05). White rice had the highest amylose content, around 24% (p < 0.05), followed by brown rice (22%), and germinated brown rice (20%). Mg levels in all white, brown, and germinated brown rice ranged from 6.59 to 10.59 mg/100 g, which was shown to be the highest among the minerals studied (p < 0.05). Zn (4.10-6.18 mg/100 g) was the second most abundant mineral, followed by Fe (3.45-4.92 mg/100 g), K (2.61-3.81 mg/100 g), Mn (1.20-4.48 mg/100 g), Ca (1.14-1.66 mg/100 g), and Cu (0.16-0.23 mg/100 g). Se was not found in any processed Yoom Noon rice. Overall, brown rice had the highest content of macro- and micronutrients (p < 0.05). In all processed rice, thiamin was found in the highest amount (56-85 mg/100 g), followed by pyridoxine (18-44 g/100 g) and nicotinamide (4-45 g/100 g) (p < 0.05). Riboflavin was not identified in any of the three types of processed Yoom Noon rice. Individual vitamin concentrations varied among processed rice, with germinated brown rice having the highest thiamine content by around 1.5 and 1.3 folds compared to white and brown rice, respectively. The GABA level was the highest in germinated rice (585 mg/kg), which was around three times higher than in brown rice (p < 0.05), whereas GABA was not detectable in white rice. The greatest total extractable flavonoid level was found in brown rice (495 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/100 g), followed by germinated brown rice (232 mg RE/100 g), while white rice had no detectable total extractable flavonoid. Brown rice had the highest phytic acid level (11.2 mg/100 g), which was 1.2 times higher than germinated brown rice (p < 0.05). However, phytic acid was not detected in white rice. White rice (10.25 mg/100 g) and brown rice (10.04 mg/100 g) had the highest non-significant rapidly available glucose (RAG) values, while germinated brown rice had the lowest (5.33 mg/100 g). In contrast, germinated brown rice had the highest slowly available glucose (SAG) value (9.19 mg/100 g), followed by brown rice (3.58 mg/100 g) and white rice (1.61 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijug Summpunn
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.S.); (N.D.-a.); (W.P.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Nattharika Deh-ae
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.S.); (N.D.-a.); (W.P.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.S.); (N.D.-a.); (W.P.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Supranee Manurakchinakorn
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.S.); (N.D.-a.); (W.P.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Phuangthip Bhoopong
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.S.); (N.D.-a.); (W.P.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Natthawuddhi Donlao
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (N.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Saroat Rawdkuen
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (N.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Global Institute of Food Security and International Agriculture (GIFSIA), North Dakota State University, 374 D Loftsgard Hall, 1360 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
| | - Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.S.); (N.D.-a.); (W.P.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
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Chorianopoulou SN, Bouranis DL. The Role of Sulfur in Agronomic Biofortification with Essential Micronutrients. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151979. [PMID: 35956455 PMCID: PMC9370111 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plants, being necessary for their growth and metabolism and exhibiting diverse roles throughout their life cycles. Inside the plant body, S is present either in one of its inorganic forms or incorporated in an organic compound. Moreover, organic S compounds may contain S in its reduced or oxidized form. Among others, S plays roles in maintaining the homeostasis of essential micronutrients, e.g., iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn). One of the most well-known connections is homeostasis between S and Fe, mainly in terms of the role of S in uptake, transportation, and distribution of Fe, as well as the functional interactions of S with Fe in the Fe-S clusters. This review reports the available information describing the connections between the homeostasis of S and Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn in plants. The roles of S- or sulfur-derived organic ligands in metal uptake and translocation within the plant are highlighted. Moreover, the roles of these micronutrients in S homeostasis are also discussed.
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Spielmann J, Detry N, Thiébaut N, Jadoul A, Schloesser M, Motte P, Périlleux C, Hanikenne M. ZRT-IRT-Like PROTEIN 6 expression perturbs local ion homeostasis in flowers and leads to anther indehiscence and male sterility. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:206-219. [PMID: 34628686 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallic micronutrients are essential throughout the plant life cycle. Maintaining metal homeostasis in plant tissues requires a highly complex and finely tuned network controlling metal uptake, transport, distribution and storage. Zinc and cadmium hyperaccumulation, such as observed in the model plant Arabidopsis halleri, represents an extreme evolution of this network. Here, non-ectopic overexpression of the A. halleri ZIP6 (AhZIP6) gene, encoding a zinc and cadmium influx transporter, in Arabidopsis thaliana enabled examining the importance of zinc for flower development and reproduction. We show that AhZIP6 expression in flowers leads to male sterility resulting from anther indehiscence in a dose-dependent manner. The sterility phenotype is associated to delayed tapetum degradation and endothecium collapse, as well as increased magnesium and potassium accumulation and higher expression of the MHX gene in stamens. It is rescued by the co-expression of the zinc efflux transporter AhHMA4, linking the sterility phenotype to zinc homeostasis. Altogether, our results confirm that AhZIP6 is able to transport zinc in planta and highlight the importance of fine-tuning zinc homeostasis in reproductive organs. The study illustrates how the characterization of metal hyperaccumulation mechanisms can reveal key nodes and processes in the metal homeostasis network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Spielmann
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Detry
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Noémie Thiébaut
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Schloesser
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claire Périlleux
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Perlein A, Zdanevitch I, Gaucher R, Robinson B, Papin A, Sahraoui ALH, Bert V. Phytomanagement of a metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural site using aromatic and medicinal plants to produce essential oils: analysis of the metal(loid) fate in the value chain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62155-62173. [PMID: 34184234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytomanagement uses plants and soil conditioners to create value on contaminated land while minimizing environmental risk. This work was carried out on a metal(loid)-contaminated site and aimed at assessing the suitability of Salvia sclarea L. (sage) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) combined with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculant to immobilize metal(loid)s and produce essential oils (EO). The effect of the inoculant on the transfer of metal(loid)s (ML, i.e., Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, and Sb) to plants and the ML soil mobility were investigated. The ML concentrations in EO from both plant species and the valorization options for the distillation residues (soil conditioner, animal fodder, and anaerobic digestion) were studied. Sage was a suitable candidate for this value chain because it presents an excluder phenotype and the residues of oil extraction could be used as a soil conditioner. The metal concentrations in the sage EO were similar to those obtained from plants cultivated on an uncontaminated soil. These results indicate the suitability of sage harvested on the contaminated soil according to the ML fate in the whole value chain. Like the EO of sage, ML concentrations in the coriander EO did not differ from those in the commercial EO that were obtained from plants grown on uncontaminated soil. However, the use of distillation residues of coriander was limited by their relatively elevated Cd concentrations. The use of a mycorrhizal inoculum did not decrease the Cd mobility in soil for the coriander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Perlein
- Unité Technologies Propres et Economie Circulaire, INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Zdanevitch
- Unité Technologies Propres et Economie Circulaire, INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Rodolphe Gaucher
- Unité Technologies Propres et Economie Circulaire, INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Brett Robinson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Arnaud Papin
- Analytical Methods and Developments for the Environment, INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata BP 2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Anissa Lounes-Hadj Sahraoui
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, UR 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228, Calais, cedex, France
| | - Valérie Bert
- Unité Technologies Propres et Economie Circulaire, INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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A high-resolution genome-wide association study of the grain ionome and agronomic traits in rice Oryza sativa subsp. indica. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19230. [PMID: 34584121 PMCID: PMC8478900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive study of the genetic bases controlling variation in the rice ionome employing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with a diverse panel of indica accessions, each genotyped with 5.2 million markers. GWAS was performed for twelve elements including B, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, and Zn and four agronomic traits including days to 50% flowering, grain yield, plant height and thousand grain weight. GWAS identified 128 loci associated with the grain elements and 57 associated with the agronomic traits. There were sixteen co-localization regions containing QTL for two or more traits. Fourteen grain element quantitative trait loci were stable across growing environments, which can be strong candidates to be used in marker-assisted selection to improve the concentrations of nutritive elements in rice grain. Potential candidate genes were revealed including OsNAS3 linked to the locus that controls the variation of Zn and Co concentrations. The effects of starch synthesis and grain filling on multiple grain elements were elucidated through the likely involvement of OsSUS1 and OsGSSB1 genes. Overall, our study provides crucial insights into the genetic basis of ionomic variations in rice and will facilitate improvement in breeding for trace mineral content.
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Aiqing Z, Zhang L, Ning P, Chen Q, Wang B, Zhang F, Yang X, Zhang Y. Zinc in cereal grains: Concentration, distribution, speciation, bioavailability, and barriers to transport from roots to grains in wheat. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7917-7928. [PMID: 34224281 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1920883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micro-nutrient for humans, and Zn deficiency is of global concern. In addition to inherited and pathological Zn deficiencies, insufficient dietary intake is leading cause, especially in those consuming cereal grains as a stable food, in which Zn concentration and bioavailability are relatively low. To improve Zn levels in the human body, it is important to understand the accumulation and bioavailability of Zn in cereal grains. In recent years, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying Zn uptake, transport, homeostasis, and deposition within cereal crops has been accumulating, paving the way for a more targeted approach to improving the nutrient status of crop plants. In this paper, we briefly review existing studies on the distribution and transport pathways of Zn in major small-grained cereals, using wheat as a case study. The findings confirm that Zn transport in plants is a complex physiological process mainly governed by Zn transporters and metal chelators. This work reviews studies on Zn uptake, transport, and deposition in wheat plants, summarizes the possible barriers impairing Zn deposition in wheat grains, and describes strategies for increasing Zn concentration in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Aiqing
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Ning
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bini Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fuxin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Youlin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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10
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Xie R, Zhao J, Lu L, Jernstedt J, Guo J, Brown PH, Tian S. Spatial imaging reveals the pathways of Zn transport and accumulation during reproductive growth stage in almond plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1858-1868. [PMID: 33665861 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive processes of several deciduous trees are highly sensitive to Zn deficiency. An understanding of the patterns of Zn storage and remobilization during bud development and bud break is critical for the development of fertilization strategies to prevent deficiencies and may be valuable in selection and breeding programs to develop more Zn-resilient cultivars. In this study, we provide insights into the in situ distribution of Zn in almond reproductive organs at tissue, cellular, and subcellular scales using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence. The concentrations of Zn in different parts of the vegetative and reproductive tissues were also analysed. Our results show that the small branches subtending the flower and fruit, pollen grain, transmitting tissues of styles, and seed embryo are all important storage sites for Zn. An increase in Zn concentrations in almond reproductive organs mostly occur during the expanding growth phase, such as bud-flush and the mid-fruit enlargement stage; however, Zn transport to floral parts and fruit tissues was restricted at the pedicel and seed coat, suggesting a bottleneck in the export of Zn from the mother plant to filial tissues. Our results provide direct visual evidence for in-situ Zn distribution within the reproductive tissues of a deciduous tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Judy Jernstedt
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Patrick H Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shengke Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Wątły J, Miller A, Kozłowski H, Rowińska-Żyrek M. Peptidomimetics - An infinite reservoir of metal binding motifs in metabolically stable and biologically active molecules. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111386. [PMID: 33610030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of metal ions in interactions with therapeutic peptides is inevitable. They are one of the factors able to fine-tune the biological properties of antimicrobial peptides, a promising group of drugs with one large drawback - a problematic metabolic stability. Appropriately chosen, proteolytically stable peptidomimetics seem to be a reasonable solution of the problem, and the use of D-, β-, γ-amino acids, unnatural amino acids, azapeptides, peptoids, cyclopeptides and dehydropeptides is an infinite reservoir of metal binding motifs in metabolically stable, well-designed, biologically active molecules. Below, their specific structural features, metal-chelating abilities and antimicrobial potential are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wątły
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot - Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
| | - Adriana Miller
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot - Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Henryk Kozłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot - Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland; Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, Opole 45-060, Poland
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12
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Zheng M, Li G, Hu Y, Nriagu J, Zama EF. Differing effects of inorganic and organic arsenic on uptake and distribution of multi-elements in Rice grain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7918-7928. [PMID: 33044695 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution can lead to an element imbalance in rice. A hydroponic study was carried out to examine the influence of inorganic (arsenate) and organic (dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)) arsenic compounds on the concentration and distribution of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) in rice caryopsis at maturity using laser confocal microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF). Results showed that treatments with inorganic (iAs) and organic (DMA) arsenic did not change the distribution characteristics of the above elements in rice grains. Fe, Mn, and iAs were mainly limited to the ventral ovular vascular trace, while Cu, Zn, and DMA extended into the endosperm. This implies that milling processes are likely to remove a majority of Fe, Mn, and iAs, but not Cu, Zn, and DMA. With regard to the average fluorescent intensity of the rice endosperm, iAs exposure caused significant reductions in Mn (53%), Fe (40%), Cu (27%), and Zn (74%) while DMA treatments decreased Mn (49%), Fe (37%), and Zn (21%). Compared with DMA, iAs exerted more influence on the reduction of these elements in rice caryopsis. In addition, the elemental analysis revealed a significant 12.7% increase for N and 8% reduction for S in DMA-treated rice caryopsis while a significant decrease of 24.0% for S in iAs-exposed rice caryopsis. These findings suggest that Cu, Zn, and S are more easily impacted by iAs, while N is mostly affected by DMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhong Zheng
- College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan Shi, 354300, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyishan, 354300, Fujian, China
- CAS Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Lab of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Gang Li
- CAS Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Lab of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environmental Observatory and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, 361021, China.
| | - Yongle Hu
- College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan Shi, 354300, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyishan, 354300, Fujian, China
| | - Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Eric Fru Zama
- CAS Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Lab of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environmental Observatory and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, 361021, China
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13
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Roorkiwal M, Pandey S, Thavarajah D, Hemalatha R, Varshney RK. Molecular Mechanisms and Biochemical Pathways for Micronutrient Acquisition and Storage in Legumes to Support Biofortification for Nutritional Security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682842. [PMID: 34163513 PMCID: PMC8215609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The world faces a grave situation of nutrient deficiency as a consequence of increased uptake of calorie-rich food that threaten nutritional security. More than half the world's population is affected by different forms of malnutrition. Unhealthy diets associated with poor nutrition carry a significant risk of developing non-communicable diseases, leading to a high mortality rate. Although considerable efforts have been made in agriculture to increase nutrient content in cereals, the successes are insufficient. The number of people affected by different forms of malnutrition has not decreased much in the recent past. While legumes are an integral part of the food system and widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, only limited efforts have been made to increase their nutrient content in these regions. Genetic variation for a majority of nutritional traits that ensure nutritional security in adverse conditions exists in the germplasm pool of legume crops. This diversity can be utilized by selective breeding for increased nutrients in seeds. The targeted identification of precise factors related to nutritional traits and their utilization in a breeding program can help mitigate malnutrition. The principal objective of this review is to present the molecular mechanisms of nutrient acquisition, transport and metabolism to support a biofortification strategy in legume crops to contribute to addressing malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Roorkiwal
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarita Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - R. Hemalatha
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Varshney, ;
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14
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Castro-Rodríguez R, Abreu I, Reguera M, Novoa-Aponte L, Mijovilovich A, Escudero V, Jiménez-Pastor FJ, Abadía J, Wen J, Mysore KS, Álvarez-Fernández A, Küpper H, Imperial J, González-Guerrero M. The Medicago truncatula Yellow Stripe1-Like3 gene is involved in vascular delivery of transition metals to root nodules. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7257-7269. [PMID: 32841350 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation carried out in legume root nodules requires transition metals. These nutrients are delivered by the host plant to the endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria living within the nodule cells, a process in which vascular transport is essential. As members of the Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) family of metal transporters are involved in root to shoot transport, they should also be required for root to nodule metal delivery. The genome of the model legume Medicago truncatula encodes eight YSL proteins, four of them with a high degree of similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana YSLs involved in long-distance metal trafficking. Among them, MtYSL3 is a plasma membrane protein expressed by vascular cells in roots and nodules and by cortical nodule cells. Reducing the expression level of this gene had no major effect on plant physiology when assimilable nitrogen was provided in the nutrient solution. However, nodule functioning was severely impaired, with a significant reduction of nitrogen fixation capabilities. Further, iron and zinc accumulation and distribution changed. Iron was retained in the apical region of the nodule, while zinc became strongly accumulated in the nodule veins in the ysl3 mutant. These data suggest a role for MtYSL3 in vascular delivery of iron and zinc to symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Isidro Abreu
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Reguera
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Lorena Novoa-Aponte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ana Mijovilovich
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Česke Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Francisco J Jiménez-Pastor
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Abadía
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Álvarez-Fernández
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Česke Budějovice, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Branišovská 31/1160, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Imperial
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICA-CSIC), Serrano, 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Gaiss S, Amarasiriwardena D, Alexander D, Wu F. Tissue level distribution of toxic and essential elements during the germination stage of corn seeds (Zea mays, L.) using LA-ICP-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:657-665. [PMID: 31185354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Both essential and toxic metal contaminants impact agricultural crops by bioaccumulation in plants. The goal of this study was to evaluate the tissue-level spatial distribution of metal(loids) in corn seeds (Zea mays, L.) from contaminated corn fields near the Xikuangshan (XKS) antimony mine in Hunan, China, and compared them with corn (Zea mays everta L., popcorn) grown in a farm in Amherst, MA that practices sustainable farming as a control. How toxic and essential metals translocate through the roots and shoots during early stages of germination was also investigated. The cleaned corn seed samples were mounted in resin blocks and longitudinally dissected into thin sections. The laser ablation parameters were optimized, and the instrument was calibrated using tomato leaf standard reference material (NIST SRM 1573a) in a pellet form. Tissue level distributions of metal(loid)s As, Cd, Hg, Sb and Zn in corn seeds collected were determined using (LA-ICP-MS). Seeds from the control farm were germinated and their roots and shoots were analyzed to determine tissue level concentrations and their spatial distributions. It was found that seeds from the XKS mine region in China had higher overall concentration of all elements analyzed due to metal(loids) absorbed from contaminated mine soils. Metal(loids) concentrations were highest in the embryo (∼360 mg/kg) and pericarp (∼0.48 mg/kg) compared with the endosperm of corn seeds. Essential element Zn was found in the embryo and emerging coleoptile and radicle. Finally, in both roots and shoots, element concentrations were highest proximally to the tip cap compared to distal concentrations and later translocated to distal tissue regions. This study offers unique insights of metal(loid) bioaccumulation and translocation in corn and thus is better able to track metal(loids) contaminants trafficking in our food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Gaiss
- School of Natural Sciences, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - David Alexander
- School of Natural Sciences, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhao Y, Yang Y, Song Y, Li Q, Song J. Analysis of storage compounds and inorganic ions in dimorphic seeds of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:511-516. [PMID: 30092560 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Suaeda salsa is an annual euhalophytic herb that produces dimorphic seeds, such as small black seeds and big brown seeds. In the present study, the fatty acid composition, content of total phenols, flavonoids, carotenoid and inorganic ions in dimorphic seeds of the species collected in the field were measured. There was no significant difference in total oil content between black and brown seeds. Seed total oil content was approximately 19% based on dry weight. The most abundant fatty acid was linoleic acid, and the content was 76.3 and 70.5% of total fatty acids in black and brown seeds, respectively. Furthermore, the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and inorganic ions in brown seeds were higher than those in black seeds, which might be the mechanism of higher salt tolerance of brown seeds than black seeds. The ecological, physiological and genetic mechanisms of the different abilities of nutrition accumulation in black and brown seeds of S. salsa are also discussed and worthy to be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Yongpeng Song
- Department of Economics and Management, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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17
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Song L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Gu T, Zhang SY, Ji Q. Mechanistic insights into staphylopine-mediated metal acquisition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3942-3947. [PMID: 29581261 PMCID: PMC5899449 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718382115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal acquisition is vital to pathogens for successful infection within hosts. Staphylopine (StP), a broad-spectrum metallophore biosynthesized by the major human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, plays a central role in transition-metal acquisition and bacterial virulence. The StP-like biosynthesis loci are present in various pathogens, and the proteins responsible for StP/metal transportation have been determined. However, the molecular mechanisms of how StP/metal complexes are recognized and transported remain unknown. We report multiple structures of the extracytoplasmic solute-binding protein CntA from the StP/metal transportation system in apo form and in complex with StP and three different metals. We elucidated a sophisticated metal-bound StP recognition mechanism and determined that StP/metal binding triggers a notable interdomain conformational change in CntA. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated single-base substitution mutations and biochemical analysis highlight the importance of StP/metal recognition for StP/metal acquisition. These discoveries provide critical insights into the study of novel metal-acquisition mechanisms in microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Song
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Tongnian Gu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Quanjiang Ji
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China;
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18
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Aliashkevich A, Alvarez L, Cava F. New Insights Into the Mechanisms and Biological Roles of D-Amino Acids in Complex Eco-Systems. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:683. [PMID: 29681896 PMCID: PMC5898190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the environment bacteria share their habitat with a great diversity of organisms, from microbes to humans, animals and plants. In these complex communities, the production of extracellular effectors is a common strategy to control the biodiversity by interfering with the growth and/or viability of nearby microbes. One of such effectors relies on the production and release of extracellular D-amino acids which regulate diverse cellular processes such as cell wall biogenesis, biofilm integrity, and spore germination. Non-canonical D-amino acids are mainly produced by broad spectrum racemases (Bsr). Bsr’s promiscuity allows it to generate high concentrations of D-amino acids in environments with variable compositions of L-amino acids. However, it was not clear until recent whether these molecules exhibit divergent functions. Here we review the distinctive biological roles of D-amino acids, their mechanisms of action and their modulatory properties of the biodiversity of complex eco-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Aliashkevich
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Laura Alvarez
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Felipe Cava
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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19
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Imam HT, Blindauer CA. Differential reactivity of closely related zinc(II)-binding metallothioneins from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:137-154. [PMID: 29218630 PMCID: PMC5756572 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of metal binding to and transfer from metalloproteins involved in metal homeostasis are important for understanding cellular distribution of metal ions. The dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana has two type 4 seed-specific metallothionein homologues, MT4a and MT4b, with likely roles in zinc(II) homeostasis. These two metallothioneins are 84% identical, with full conservation of all metal-binding cysteine and histidine residues. Yet, differences in their spatial and temporal expression patterns suggested divergence in their biological roles. To investigate whether biological functions are reflected in molecular properties, we compare aspects of zinc(II)-binding dynamics of full-length MT4a and MT4b, namely the pH dependence of zinc(II) binding and protein folding, and zinc(II) transfer to the chelator EDTA. UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopies as well as native electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry consistently showed that transfer from Zn6MT4a is considerably faster than from Zn6MT4b, with pseudo-first-order rate constants for the fastest observed step of k obs = 2.8 × 10-4 s-1 (MT4b) and k obs = 7.5 × 10-4 s-1 (MT4a) (5 µM protein, 500 µM EDTA, 25 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.33, 298 K). 2D heteronuclear NMR experiments allowed locating the most labile zinc(II) ions in domain II for both proteins. 3D homology models suggest that reactivity of this domain is governed by the local environment around the mononuclear Cys2His2 site that is unique to type 4 MTs. Non-conservative amino acid substitutions in this region affect local electrostatics as well as whole-domain dynamics, with both effects rendering zinc(II) ions bound to MT4a more reactive in metal transfer reactions. Therefore, domain II of MT4a is well suited to rapidly release its bound zinc(II) ions, in broad agreement with a previously suggested role of MT4a in zinc(II) transport and delivery to other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan T Imam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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20
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Ibeas MA, Grant-Grant S, Coronas MF, Vargas-Pérez JI, Navarro N, Abreu I, Castillo-Michel H, Avalos-Cembrano N, Paez Valencia J, Perez F, González-Guerrero M, Roschzttardtz H. The Diverse Iron Distribution in Eudicotyledoneae Seeds: From Arabidopsis to Quinoa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1985. [PMID: 30697224 PMCID: PMC6341002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seeds accumulate iron during embryo maturation stages of embryogenesis. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as model plant, it has been described that mature embryos accumulate iron within a specific cell layer, the endodermis. This distribution pattern was conserved in most of the analyzed members from Brassicales, with the exception of the basal Vasconcellea pubescens that also showed elevated amounts of iron in cortex cells. To determine whether the V. pubescens iron distribution was indicative of a wider pattern in non-Brassicales Eudicotyledoneae, we studied iron distribution pattern in different embryos belonging to plant species from different Orders from Eudicotyledoneae and one basal from Magnoliidae. The results obtained indicate that iron distribution in A. thaliana embryo is an extreme case of apomorphic character found in Brassicales, not-extensive to the rest of Eudicotyledoneae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Ibeas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susana Grant-Grant
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Fernanda Coronas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Nathalia Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidro Abreu
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Julio Paez Valencia
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fernanda Perez
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hannetz Roschzttardtz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Hannetz Roschzttardtz,
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21
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Bonneau J, Baumann U, Beasley J, Li Y, Johnson AAT. Identification and molecular characterization of the nicotianamine synthase gene family in bread wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2228-2239. [PMID: 27155533 PMCID: PMC5103229 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotianamine (NA) is a non-protein amino acid involved in fundamental aspects of metal uptake, transport and homeostasis in all plants and constitutes the biosynthetic precursor of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) in graminaceous plant species. Nicotianamine synthase (NAS) genes, which encode enzymes that synthesize NA from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), are differentially regulated by iron (Fe) status in most plant species and plant genomes have been found to contain anywhere from 1 to 9 NAS genes. This study describes the identification of 21 NAS genes in the hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome and their phylogenetic classification into two distinct clades. The TaNAS genes are highly expressed during germination, seedling growth and reproductive development. Fourteen of the clade I NAS genes were up-regulated in root tissues under conditions of Fe deficiency. Protein sequence analyses revealed the presence of endocytosis motifs in all of the wheat NAS proteins as well as chloroplast, mitochondrial and secretory transit peptide signals in four proteins. These results greatly expand our knowledge of NAS gene families in graminaceous plant species as well as the genetics underlying Fe nutrition in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bonneau
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Jesse Beasley
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Yuan Li
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
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22
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Kühnlenz T, Hofmann C, Uraguchi S, Schmidt H, Schempp S, Weber M, Lahner B, Salt DE, Clemens S. Phytochelatin Synthesis Promotes Leaf Zn Accumulation of Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Grown in Soil with Adequate Zn Supply and is Essential for Survival on Zn-Contaminated Soil. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2342-2352. [PMID: 27694524 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatin (PC) synthesis is essential for the detoxification of non-essential metals such as cadmium (Cd). In vitro experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings had indicated a contribution to zinc (Zn) tolerance as well. We addressed the physiological role of PC synthesis in Zn homeostasis of plants under more natural conditions. Growth responses, PC accumulation and leaf ionomes of wild-type and AtPCS1 mutant plants cultivated in different soils representing adequate Zn supply, Zn deficiency and Zn excess were analyzed. Growth on Zn-contaminated soil triggers PC synthesis and is strongly impaired in PC-deficient mutants. In fact, the contribution of AtPCS1 to tolerating Zn excess is comparable with that of the major Zn tolerance factor MTP1. For plants supplied with a normal level of Zn, a significant reduction in leaf Zn accumulation of AtPCS1 mutants was detected. In contrast, AtPCS1 mutants grown under Zn-limited conditions showed wild-type levels of Zn accumulation, suggesting the operation of distinct Zn translocation pathways. Contrasting phenotypes of the tested AtPCS1 mutant alleles upon growth in Zn- or Cd-contaminated soil indicated differential activation of PC synthesis by these metals. Experiments with truncated versions identified a part of the AtPCS1 protein required for the activation by Zn but not by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kühnlenz
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Hofmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Shimpei Uraguchi
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Present address: Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schempp
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Brett Lahner
- Purdue University, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - David E Salt
- Purdue University, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany stephan.clemens@uni-bayreuth
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Schalk IJ, Cunrath O. An overview of the biological metal uptake pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3227-3246. [PMID: 27632589 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological metal ions, including Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn ions, are necessary for the survival and the growth of all microorganisms. Their biological functions are linked to their particular chemical properties: they play a role in structuring macromolecules and/or act as co-factors catalyzing diverse biochemical reactions. These metal ions are also essential for microbial pathogens during infection: they are involved in bacterial metabolism and various virulence factor functions. Therefore, during infection, bacteria need to acquire biological metal ions from the host such that there is competition for these ions between the bacterium and the host. Evidence is increasingly emerging of "nutritional immunity" against pathogens in the hosts; this includes strategies making access to metals difficult for infecting bacteria. It is clear that biological metals play key roles during infection and in the battle between the pathogens and the host. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the strategies used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to access the various biological metals it requires. P. aeruginosa is a medically significant Gram-negative bacterial opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients and that is responsible for nosocomial infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle J Schalk
- UMR 7242, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, ESBS, Blvd Sébastien Brant, F-67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Olivier Cunrath
- UMR 7242, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, ESBS, Blvd Sébastien Brant, F-67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
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24
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Hsieh EJ, Waters BM. Alkaline stress and iron deficiency regulate iron uptake and riboflavin synthesis gene expression differently in root and leaf tissue: implications for iron deficiency chlorosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5671-5685. [PMID: 27605716 PMCID: PMC5066488 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral that has low solubility in alkaline soils, where its deficiency results in chlorosis. Whether low Fe supply and alkaline pH stress are equivalent is unclear, as they have not been treated as separate variables in molecular physiological studies. Additionally, molecular responses to these stresses have not been studied in leaf and root tissues simultaneously. We tested how plants with the Strategy I Fe uptake system respond to Fe deficiency at mildly acidic and alkaline pH by measuring root ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity and expression of selected Fe uptake genes and riboflavin synthesis genes. Alkaline pH increased cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) root FCR activity at full Fe supply, but alkaline stress abolished FCR response to low Fe supply. Alkaline pH or low Fe supply resulted in increased expression of Fe uptake genes, but riboflavin synthesis genes responded to Fe deficiency but not alkalinity. Iron deficiency increased expression of some common genes in roots and leaves, but alkaline stress blocked up-regulation of these genes in Fe-deficient leaves. In roots of the melon (Cucumis melo L.) fefe mutant, in which Fe uptake responses are blocked upstream of Fe uptake genes, alkaline stress or Fe deficiency up-regulation of certain Fe uptake and riboflavin synthesis genes was inhibited, indicating a central role for the FeFe protein. These results suggest a model implicating shoot-to-root signaling of Fe status to induce Fe uptake gene expression in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA
| | - Brian M Waters
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA
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25
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Ghssein G, Brutesco C, Ouerdane L, Fojcik C, Izaute A, Wang S, Hajjar C, Lobinski R, Lemaire D, Richaud P, Voulhoux R, Espaillat A, Cava F, Pignol D, Borezée-Durant E, Arnoux P. Biosynthesis of a broad-spectrum nicotianamine-like metallophore in Staphylococcus aureus. Science 2016; 352:1105-9. [PMID: 27230378 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal acquisition is a vital microbial process in metal-scarce environments, such as inside a host. Using metabolomic exploration, targeted mutagenesis, and biochemical analysis, we discovered an operon in Staphylococcus aureus that encodes the different functions required for the biosynthesis and trafficking of a broad-spectrum metallophore related to plant nicotianamine (here called staphylopine). The biosynthesis of staphylopine reveals the association of three enzyme activities: a histidine racemase, an enzyme distantly related to nicotianamine synthase, and a staphylopine dehydrogenase belonging to the DUF2338 family. Staphylopine is involved in nickel, cobalt, zinc, copper, and iron acquisition, depending on the growth conditions. This biosynthetic pathway is conserved across other pathogens, thus underscoring the importance of this metal acquisition strategy in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Ghssein
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Brutesco
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Ouerdane
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Clémentine Fojcik
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Amélie Izaute
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Shuanglong Wang
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Christine Hajjar
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - David Lemaire
- UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France. Lab Interact Protein Metal, BIAM, CEA, 13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
| | - Pierre Richaud
- UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France. Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries et Microalgues, BIAM, CEA, 13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
| | - Romé Voulhoux
- CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Akbar Espaillat
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Felipe Cava
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David Pignol
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Elise Borezée-Durant
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pascal Arnoux
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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26
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Oh YJ, Kim H, Seo SH, Hwang BG, Chang YS, Lee J, Lee DW, Sohn EJ, Lee SJ, Lee Y, Hwang I. Cytochrome b5 Reductase 1 Triggers Serial Reactions that Lead to Iron Uptake in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:501-513. [PMID: 26712506 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere acidification is essential for iron (Fe) uptake into plant roots. Plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPases play key roles in rhizosphere acidification. However, it is not fully understood how PM H(+)-ATPase activity is regulated to enhance root Fe uptake under Fe-deficient conditions. Here, we present evidence that cytochrome b5 reductase 1 (CBR1) increases the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, which stimulate PM H(+)-ATPase activity and thus lead to rhizosphere acidification. CBR1-overexpressing (CBR1-OX) Arabidopsis thaliana plants had higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (18:2 and 18:3), higher PM H(+)-ATPase activity, and lower rhizosphere pH than wild-type plants. By contrast, cbr1 loss-of-function mutant plants showed lower levels of unsaturated fatty acids and lower PM H(+)-ATPase activity but higher rhizosphere pH. Reduced PM H(+)-ATPase activity in cbr1 could be restored in vitro by addition of unsaturated fatty acids. Transcript levels of CBR1, fatty acids desaturase2 (FAD2), and fatty acids desaturase3 (FAD3) were increased under Fe-deficient conditions. We propose that CBR1 has a crucial role in increasing the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, which activate the PM H(+)-ATPase and thus reduce rhizosphere pH. This reaction cascade ultimately promotes root Fe uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Oh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hanul Kim
- Department Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Seo
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Bae Geun Hwang
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Sohn
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea; Department Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea; Department Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
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27
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Chen L, Yuan D, Zhang X, Lv X, Wang L, Li J. Elemental Analysis ofAcori Tatarinowii Rhizomaby Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission and Mass Spectrometry with Chemometrics. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1052975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Comparative transcriptional profiling of two wheat genotypes, with contrasting levels of minerals in grains, shows expression differences during grain filling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111718. [PMID: 25364903 PMCID: PMC4218811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. To identify the candidate genes for mineral accumulation, it is important to examine differential transcriptome between wheat genotypes, with contrasting levels of minerals in grains. A transcriptional comparison of developing grains was carried out between two wheat genotypes- Triticum aestivum Cv. WL711 (low grain mineral), and T. aestivum L. IITR26 (high grain mineral), using Affymetrix GeneChip Wheat Genome Array. The study identified a total of 580 probe sets as differentially expressed (with log2 fold change of ≥2 at p≤0.01) between the two genotypes, during grain filling. Transcripts with significant differences in induction or repression between the two genotypes included genes related to metal homeostasis, metal tolerance, lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acid and protein transport, vacuolar-sorting receptor, aquaporins, and stress responses. Meta-analysis revealed spatial and temporal signatures of a majority of the differentially regulated transcripts.
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29
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Aciksoz SB, Ozturk L, Yazici A, Cakmak I. Inclusion of urea in a 59FeEDTA solution stimulated leaf penetration and translocation of 59Fe within wheat plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 151:348-357. [PMID: 24673110 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of urea in the translocation of (59) Fe from (59) FeEDTA-treated leaves was studied in durum wheat (Triticum durum) grown for 2 weeks in nutrient solution and until grain maturation in soil culture. Five-cm long tips of the first leaf of young wheat seedlings or flag leaves at the early milk stage were immersed twice daily for 10 s in (59) FeEDTA solutions containing increasing amounts of urea (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8% w/v) over 5 days. In the experiment with young wheat seedlings, urea inclusion in the (59) FeEDTA solution increased significantly translocation of (59) Fe from the treated leaf into roots and the untreated part of shoots. When (59) Fe-treated leaves were induced into senescence by keeping them in the dark, there was a strong (59) Fe translocation from these leaves. Adding urea to the (59) Fe solution did not result in an additional increase in Fe translocation from the dark-induced senescent leaves. In the experiment conducted in the greenhouse in soil culture until grain maturation, translocation of (59) Fe from the flag leaves into grains was also strongly promoted by urea, whereas (59) Fe translocation from flag leaves into the untreated shoot was low and not affected by urea. In conclusion, urea contributes to transportation of the leaf-absorbed Fe into sink organs. Probably, nitrogen compounds formed after assimilation of foliar-applied urea (such as amino acids) contributed to Fe chelation and translocation to grains in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Bahar Aciksoz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
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30
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Vasconcelos MW, Clemente TE, Grusak MA. Evaluation of constitutive iron reductase (AtFRO2) expression on mineral accumulation and distribution in soybean (Glycine max. L). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:112. [PMID: 24765096 PMCID: PMC3982063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an important micronutrient in human and plant nutrition. Adequate iron nutrition during crop production is central for assuring appropriate iron concentrations in the harvestable organs, for human food or animal feed. The whole-plant movement of iron involves several processes, including the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron at several locations throughout the plant, prior to transmembrane trafficking of ferrous iron. In this study, soybean plants that constitutively expressed the AtFRO2 iron reductase gene were analyzed for leaf iron reductase activity, as well as the effect of this transgene's expression on root, leaf, pod wall, and seed mineral concentrations. High Fe supply, in combination with the constitutive expression of AtFRO2, resulted in significantly higher concentrations of different minerals in roots (K, P, Zn, Ca, Ni, Mg, and Mo), pod walls (Fe, K, P, Cu, and Ni), leaves (Fe, P, Cu, Ca, Ni, and Mg) and seeds (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Ni). Leaf and pod wall iron concentrations increased as much as 500% in transgenic plants, while seed iron concentrations only increased by 10%, suggesting that factors other than leaf and pod wall reductase activity were limiting the translocation of iron to seeds. Protoplasts isolated from transgenic leaves had three-fold higher reductase activity than controls. Expression levels of the iron storage protein, ferritin, were higher in the transgenic leaves than in wild-type, suggesting that the excess iron may be stored as ferritin in the leaves and therefore unavailable for phloem loading and delivery to the seeds. Also, citrate and malate levels in the roots and leaves of transgenic plants were significantly higher than in wild-type, suggesting that organic acid production could be related to the increased accumulation of minerals in roots, leaves, and pod walls, but not in the seeds. All together, these results suggest a more ubiquitous role for the iron reductase in whole-plant mineral accumulation and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta W. Vasconcelos
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica PortuguesaPorto, Portugal
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas E. Clemente
- Center for Biotechnology – Plant Science Initiative, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, USA
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
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31
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Jaksomsak P, Sangruan P, Thomson G, Rerkasem B, Dell B, Prom-u-thai C. Uneven Distribution of Zinc in the Dorsal and Ventral Sections of Rice Grain. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-09-13-0185-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pennapa Jaksomsak
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: (Jaksomsak); (Prom-u-thai)
| | - Preeyaporn Sangruan
- Plant Genetic Resources and Nutrition Laboratory, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Gordon Thomson
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Benjavan Rerkasem
- Plant Genetic Resources and Nutrition Laboratory, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bernard Dell
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Chanakan Prom-u-thai
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: (Jaksomsak); (Prom-u-thai)
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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32
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Grillet L, Ouerdane L, Flis P, Hoang MTT, Isaure MP, Lobinski R, Curie C, Mari S. Ascorbate efflux as a new strategy for iron reduction and transport in plants. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:2515-25. [PMID: 24347170 PMCID: PMC3908387 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.514828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is essential for virtually all living organisms. The identification of the chemical forms of iron (the speciation) circulating in and between cells is crucial to further understand the mechanisms of iron delivery to its final targets. Here we analyzed how iron is transported to the seeds by the chemical identification of iron complexes that are delivered to embryos, followed by the biochemical characterization of the transport of these complexes by the embryo, using the pea (Pisum sativum) as a model species. We have found that iron circulates as ferric complexes with citrate and malate (Fe(III)3Cit2Mal2, Fe(III)3Cit3Mal1, Fe(III)Cit2). Because dicotyledonous plants only transport ferrous iron, we checked whether embryos were capable of reducing iron of these complexes. Indeed, embryos did express a constitutively high ferric reduction activity. Surprisingly, iron(III) reduction is not catalyzed by the expected membrane-bound ferric reductase. Instead, embryos efflux high amounts of ascorbate that chemically reduce iron(III) from citrate-malate complexes. In vitro transport experiments on isolated embryos using radiolabeled (55)Fe demonstrated that this ascorbate-mediated reduction is an obligatory step for the uptake of iron(II). Moreover, the ascorbate efflux activity was also measured in Arabidopsis embryos, suggesting that this new iron transport system may be generic to dicotyledonous plants. Finally, in embryos of the ascorbate-deficient mutants vtc2-4, vtc5-1, and vtc5-2, the reducing activity and the iron concentration were reduced significantly. Taken together, our results identified a new iron transport mechanism in plants that could play a major role to control iron loading in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Grillet
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR5004), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier II, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France and
| | - Laurent Ouerdane
- the Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR5254), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64063 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Paulina Flis
- the Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR5254), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64063 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Minh Thi Thanh Hoang
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR5004), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier II, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France and
| | - Marie-Pierre Isaure
- the Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR5254), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64063 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- the Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR5254), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64063 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Curie
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR5004), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier II, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France and
| | - Stéphane Mari
- From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR5004), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier II, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France and
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Olsen LI, Palmgren MG. Many rivers to cross: the journey of zinc from soil to seed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:30. [PMID: 24575104 PMCID: PMC3921580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An important goal of micronutrient biofortification is to enhance the amount of bioavailable zinc in the edible seed of cereals and more specifically in the endosperm. The picture is starting to emerge for how zinc is translocated from the soil through the mother plant to the developing seed. On this journey, zinc is transported from symplast to symplast via multiple apoplastic spaces. During each step, zinc is imported into a symplast before it is exported again. Cellular import and export of zinc requires passage through biological membranes, which makes membrane-bound transporters of zinc especially interesting as potential transport bottlenecks. Inside the cell, zinc can be imported into or exported out of organelles by other transporters. The function of several membrane proteins involved in the transport of zinc across the tonoplast, chloroplast or plasma membranes are currently known. These include members of the ZIP (ZRT-IRT-like Protein), and MTP (Metal Tolerance Protein) and heavy metal ATPase (HMA) families. An important player in the transport process is the ligand nicotianamine that binds zinc to increase its solubility in living cells and in this way buffers the intracellular zinc concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene I. Olsen
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research FoundationFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael G. Palmgren
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research FoundationFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Michael G. Palmgren, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark e-mail:
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Paul S, Ali N, Sarkar SN, Datta SK, Datta K. Loading and bioavailability of iron in cereal grains. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE (PCTOC) 2013; 113:363-373. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-012-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lu L, Tian S, Liao H, Zhang J, Yang X, Labavitch JM, Chen W. Analysis of metal element distributions in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds and relocation during germination based on X-ray fluorescence imaging of Zn, Fe, K, Ca, and Mn. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57360. [PMID: 23451212 PMCID: PMC3579824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of mineral localization within rice grains is important for understanding the role of different elements in seed development, as well as for facilitating biofortification of seed micronutrients in order to enhance seeds' values in human diets. In this study, the concentrations of minerals in whole rice grains, hulls, brown rice, bran and polished rice were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The in vivo mineral distribution patterns in rice grains and shifts in those distribution patterns during progressive stages of germination were analyzed by synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence. The results showed that half of the total Zn, two thirds of the total Fe, and most of the total K, Ca and Mn were removed by the milling process if the hull and bran were thoroughly polished. Concentrations of all elements were high in the embryo regions even though the local distributions within the embryo varied between elements. Mobilization of the minerals from specific seed locations during germination was also element-specific. High mobilization of K and Ca from grains to growing roots and leaf primordia was observed; the flux of Zn to these expanding tissues was somewhat less than that of K and Ca; the mobilization of Mn or Fe was relatively low, at least during the first few days of germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengke Tian
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Haibing Liao
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John M. Labavitch
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Wenrong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Eggert K, von Wirén N. Dynamics and partitioning of the ionome in seeds and germinating seedlings of winter oilseed rape. Metallomics 2013; 5:1316-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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