1
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Qin Q. ROS: Important factor in plant stem cell fate regulation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 289:154082. [PMID: 37690340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are initially considered to be toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolic reactions. However, increasing evidence has shown that they have emerged as signaling molecules involved in several basic biological processes. Recent studies highlight the pivotal role of ROS in the maintenance of shoot and root stem cell niche. In this review, we discuss the impact of ROS distribution and their gradients on the stability of the stem cell niches (SCN) in shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) by determining the balance between stemness and differentiation. We also summarize several important transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of ROS balance in SAM and RAM, regulating key enzymes in ROS metabolism, especially SOD and peroxidase. ROS are also tightly interconnected with phytohormones in the control of the stem cell fate. Besides, ROS are also important regulators of the cell cycle in controlling the size of the stem cells. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of ROS production, polarization gradient distribution, homeostasis, and downstream signal transduction in cells will open exciting new perspectives for plant developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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2
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Zhang K, Zhang H, Pan Y, Niu Y, Guo L, Ma Y, Tian S, Wei J, Wang C, Yang X, Fu Y, Qu P, Liu L, Zhang Y, Sun H, Bai Z, Dong J, Li C, Liu X. Cell- and noncell-autonomous AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 controls meristem proliferation and phyllotactic patterns. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2335-2349. [PMID: 35972411 PMCID: PMC9706454 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In cell-cell communication, noncell-autonomous transcription factors play vital roles in controlling plant stem cell fate. We previously reported that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3), a member of the ARF family with critical roles in floral meristem maintenance and determinacy, has a distinct accumulation pattern that differs from the expression domain of its encoding gene in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). However, the biological meaning of this difference is obscure. Here, we demonstrate that ARF3 expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is mainly activated at the periphery of the SAM by auxin where ARF3 cell autonomously regulates the expression of meristem-organ boundary-specific genes, such as CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1-3 (CUC1-3), BLADE ON PETIOLE1-2 (BOP1-2), and TARGETS UNDER ETTIN CONTROL3 (TEC3) to regulate the arrangement of organs in regular pattern, a phenomenon referred to as phyllotaxis. We also show that ARF3 is translocated into the organizing center where it represses cytokinin activity and WUSCHEL expression to regulate meristem activity noncell-autonomously. Therefore, ARF3 acts as a molecular link that mediates the interaction of auxin and cytokinin signaling in the SAM while coordinating the balance between meristem maintenance and organogenesis. Our findings reveal an ARF3-mediated coordination mechanism through cell-cell communication in dynamic SAM maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanyun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanxiao Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuru Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jiarong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiubo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yunze Fu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Cundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xigang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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3
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Mor E, Pernisová M, Minne M, Cerutti G, Ripper D, Nolf J, Andres J, Ragni L, Zurbriggen MD, De Rybel B, Vernoux T. bHLH heterodimer complex variations regulate cell proliferation activity in the meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana. iScience 2022; 25:105364. [PMID: 36339262 PMCID: PMC9626673 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Root, shoot, and lateral meristems are the main regions of cell proliferation in plants. It has been proposed that meristems might have evolved dedicated transcriptional networks to balance cell proliferation. Here, we show that basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor heterodimers formed by members of the TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5 (TMO5) and LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW) subclades are general regulators of cell proliferation in all meristems. Yet, genetics and expression analyses suggest specific functions of these transcription factors in distinct meristems, possibly due to their expression domains determining heterodimer complex variations within meristems, and to a certain extent to the absence of some of them in a given meristem. Target gene specificity analysis for heterodimer complexes focusing on the LONELY GUY gene targets further suggests differences in transcriptional responses through heterodimer diversification that could allow a common bHLH heterodimer complex module to contribute to cell proliferation control in multiple meristems. Expression of TMO5 and LHW bHLH clade members varies in distinct meristems Single mutant analyses reveal functional specificity in meristems Variations in TMO5/LHW heterodimer complexes affect target gene regulation TMO5/LHW complexes are regulators of cell proliferation in all plant meristems
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Prusinkiewicz P, Zhang T, Owens A, Cieslak M, Elomaa P. Phyllotaxis without symmetry: what can we learn from flower heads? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3319-3329. [PMID: 35275600 PMCID: PMC9162182 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phyllotaxis is commonly considered in the context of circular meristems or receptacles, yet non-circular (fasciated) structures also give rise to new primordia and organs. Here we investigate phyllotactic patterns in fasciated flower heads in the Asteraceae plant family. We begin by surveying the phenomenon of fasciation. We then show that phyllotactic patterns in fasciated heads can be generated by removing the inessential assumption of circularity from the previously published model of gerbera heads. To characterize these patterns, we revisit the conceptual framework in which phyllotactic patterns are commonly described. We note that some notions, in particular parastichies and parastichy numbers, maintain their significance in non-circular phyllotaxis, whereas others, in particular the divergence angle, need to be extended or lose their role. These observations highlight a number of open problems related to phyllotaxis in general, which may be elucidated by studies of fasciated heads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew Owens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mikolaj Cieslak
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Paula Elomaa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Wang Y, Bao J, Wei X, Wu S, Fang C, Li Z, Qi Y, Gao Y, Dong Z, Wan X. Genetic Structure and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Formation of Tassel, Anther, and Pollen in the Male Inflorescence of Maize (Zea mays L.). Cells 2022; 11:cells11111753. [PMID: 35681448 PMCID: PMC9179574 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize tassel is the male reproductive organ which is located at the plant’s apex; both its morphological structure and fertility have a profound impact on maize grain yield. More than 40 functional genes regulating the complex tassel traits have been cloned up to now. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the whole process, from male inflorescence meristem initiation to tassel morphogenesis, are seldom discussed. Here, we summarize the male inflorescence developmental genes and construct a molecular regulatory network to further reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying tassel-trait formation in maize. Meanwhile, as one of the most frequently studied quantitative traits, hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and thousands of quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) related to tassel morphology have been identified so far. To reveal the genetic structure of tassel traits, we constructed a consensus physical map for tassel traits by summarizing the genetic studies conducted over the past 20 years, and identified 97 hotspot intervals (HSIs) that can be repeatedly mapped in different labs, which will be helpful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in improving maize yield as well as for providing theoretical guidance in the subsequent identification of the functional genes modulating tassel morphology. In addition, maize is one of the most successful crops in utilizing heterosis; mining of the genic male sterility (GMS) genes is crucial in developing biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for seed production and hybrid breeding. In maize, more than 30 GMS genes have been isolated and characterized, and at least 15 GMS genes have been promptly validated by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis within the past two years. We thus summarize the maize GMS genes and further update the molecular regulatory networks underlying male fertility in maize. Taken together, the identified HSIs, genes and molecular mechanisms underlying tassel morphological structure and male fertility are useful for guiding the subsequent cloning of functional genes and for molecular design breeding in maize. Finally, the strategies concerning efficient and rapid isolation of genes controlling tassel morphological structure and male fertility and their application in maize molecular breeding are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jianxi Bao
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xun Wei
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Suowei Wu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Chaowei Fang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ziwen Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Yuchen Qi
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuexin Gao
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-152-1092-0373 (Z.D.); +86-186-0056-1850 (X.W.)
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-152-1092-0373 (Z.D.); +86-186-0056-1850 (X.W.)
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6
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Cell division in the shoot apical meristem is a trigger for miR156 decline and vegetative phase transition in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2115667118. [PMID: 34750273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115667118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
What determines the rate at which a multicellular organism matures is a fundamental question in biology. In plants, the decline of miR156 with age serves as an intrinsic, evolutionarily conserved timer for the juvenile-to-adult phase transition. However, the way in which age regulates miR156 abundance is poorly understood. Here, we show that the rate of decline in miR156 is correlated with developmental age rather than chronological age. Mechanistically, we found that cell division in the apical meristem is a trigger for miR156 decline. The transcriptional activity of MIR156 genes is gradually attenuated by the deposition of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 along with cell division. Our findings thus provide a plausible explanation of why the maturation program of a multicellular organism is unidirectional and irreversible under normal growth conditions and suggest that cell quiescence is the fountain of youth in plants.
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Dubrovsky JG, Ivanov VB. The quiescent centre of the root apical meristem: conceptual developments from Clowes to modern times. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6687-6707. [PMID: 34161558 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the concepts of the quiescent centre (QC) of the root apical meristem (RAM) and their change over time, from their formulation by F.A.L. Clowes to the present. This review is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Clowes, and we present his short biography and a full bibliography of Clowes' work. Over time, the concept of the QC proved to be useful for the understanding of RAM organization and behaviour. We focus specifically on conceptual developments, from the organization of the QC to understanding its functions in RAM maintenance and activity, ranging from a model species, Arabidopsis thaliana, to crops. Concepts of initial cells, stem cells, and heterogeneity of the QC cells in the context of functional and structural stem cells are considered. We review the role of the QC in the context of cell flux in the RAM and the nature of quiescence of the QC cells. We discuss the origin of the QC and fluctuation of its size in ontogenesis and why the QC cells are more resistant to stress. Contemporary concepts of the organizer and stem cell niche are also considered. We also propose how the stem cell niche in the RAM can be defined in roots of a non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Dubrovsky
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Victor B Ivanov
- Department of Root Physiology, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Kruglova NN, Titova GE, Seldimirova OA, Zinatullina AE. Cytophysiological Features of the Cereal-Based Experimental System “Embryo In Vivo–Callus In Vitro”. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Considine MJ, Foyer CH. Stress effects on the reactive oxygen species-dependent regulation of plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5795-5806. [PMID: 34106236 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is mediated by cell proliferation and expansion. Both processes are controlled by a network of endogenous factors such as phytohormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS), sugars, and other signals, which influence gene expression and post-translational regulation of proteins. Stress resilience requires rapid and appropriate responses in plant growth and development as well as defence. Regulation of ROS accumulation in different cellular compartments influences growth responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. While ROS are essential for growth, they are also implicated in the stress-induced cessation of growth and, in some cases, programmed cell death. It is widely accepted that redox post-translational modifications of key proteins determine the growth changes and cell fate responses to stress, but the molecular pathways and factors involved remain poorly characterized. Here we discuss ROS as a signalling molecule, the mechanisms of ROS-dependent regulation that influence protein-protein interactions, protein function, and turnover, together with the relocation of key proteins to different intracellular compartments in a manner that can alter cell fate. Understanding how the redox interactome responds to stress-induced increases in ROS may provide a road map to tailoring the dynamic ROS interactions that determine growth and cell fate in order to enhance stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Considine
- The School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
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10
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Zhu Y, Hu C, Cui Y, Zeng L, Li S, Zhu M, Meng F, Huang S, Long L, Yi J, Li J, Gou X. Conserved and differentiated functions of CIK receptor kinases in modulating stem cell signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1119-1134. [PMID: 33823234 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) act as pools of stem cells that give rise to aboveground and underground tissues and organs in higher plants, respectively. The CLAVATA3 (CLV3)-WUSCHEL (WUS) negative-feedback loop acts as a core pathway controlling SAM homeostasis, while CLV3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR) 40 (CLE40) and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5), homologs of CLV3 and WUS, direct columella stem cell fate. Moreover, CLV3 INSENSITIVE KINASES (CIKs) have been shown to be essential for maintaining SAM homeostasis, whereas whether they regulate the distal root meristem remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that CIKs are indispensable for transducing the CLE40 signal to maintain homeostasis of the distal root meristem. We found that the cik mutant roots displayed disrupted quiescent center and delayed columella stem cell (CSC) differentiation. Biochemical assays demonstrated that CIKs interact with ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (ACR4) in a ligand-independent manner and can be phosphorylated by ACR4 in vitro. In addition, the phosphorylation of CIKs can be rapidly induced by CLE40, which partially depends on ACR4. Although CIKs act as conserved and redundant regulators in the SAM and RAM, our results demonstrated that they exhibit differentiated functions in these meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanwei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sunjingnan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mingsong Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fanhui Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Long
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Wei X, Mira A, Yu Q, Gmitter FG. The Mechanism of Citrus Host Defense Response Repression at Early Stages of Infection by Feeding of Diaphorina citri Transmitting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635153. [PMID: 34168662 PMCID: PMC8218908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus, presumably caused by "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CaLas). Although transcriptomic profiling of HLB-affected citrus plants has been studied extensively, the initial steps in pathogenesis have not been fully understood. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to compare very early transcriptional changes in the response of Valencia sweet orange (VAL) to CaLas after being fed by the vector, Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid, or ACP). The results suggest the existence of a delayed defense reaction against the infective vector in VAL, while the attack by the healthy vector prompted immediate and substantial transcriptomic changes that led to the rapid erection of active defenses. Moreover, in the presence of CaLas-infected psyllids, several downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified on the pathways, such as signaling, transcription factor, hormone, defense, and photosynthesis-related pathways at 1 day post-infestation (dpi). Surprisingly, a burst of DEGs (6,055) was detected at 5 dpi, including both upregulated and downregulated DEGs on the defense-related and secondary metabolic pathways, and severely downregulated DEGs on the photosynthesis-related pathways. Very interestingly, a significant number of those downregulated DEGs required ATP binding for the activation of phosphate as substrate; meanwhile, abundant highly upregulated DEGs were detected on the ATP biosynthetic and glycolytic pathways. These findings highlight the energy requirement of CaLas virulence processes. The emerging picture is that CaLas not only employs virulence strategies to subvert the host cell immunity, but the fast-replicating CaLas also actively rewires host cellular metabolic pathways to obtain the necessary energy and molecular building blocks to support virulence and the replication process. Taken together, the very early response of citrus to the CaLas, vectored by infective ACP, was evaluated for the first time, thus allowing the changes in gene expression relating to the primary mechanisms of susceptibility and host-pathogen interactions to be studied, and without the secondary effects caused by the development of complex whole plant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wei
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Amany Mira
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Qibin Yu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Fred G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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12
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Vernoux T, Besnard F, Godin C. What shoots can teach about theories of plant form. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:716-724. [PMID: 34099903 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants generate a large variety of shoot forms with regular geometries. These forms emerge primarily from the activity of a stem cell niche at the shoot tip. Recent efforts have established a theoretical framework of form emergence at the shoot tip, which has empowered the use of modelling in conjunction with biological approaches to begin to disentangle the biochemical and physical mechanisms controlling form development at the shoot tip. Here, we discuss how these advances get us closer to identifying the construction principles of plant shoot tips. Considering the current limits of our knowledge, we propose a roadmap for developing a general theory of form development at the shoot tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, Lyon, France.
| | - Fabrice Besnard
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Godin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, Lyon, France
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13
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A single-cell analysis of the Arabidopsis vegetative shoot apex. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1056-1074.e8. [PMID: 33725481 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The shoot apical meristem allows for reiterative formation of new aerial structures throughout the life cycle of a plant. We use single-cell RNA sequencing to define the cellular taxonomy of the Arabidopsis vegetative shoot apex at the transcriptome level. We find that the shoot apex is composed of highly heterogeneous cells, which can be partitioned into 7 broad populations with 23 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters. We delineate cell-cycle continuums and developmental trajectories of epidermal cells, vascular tissue, and leaf mesophyll cells and infer transcription factors and gene expression signatures associated with cell fate decisions. Integrative analysis of shoot and root apical cell populations further reveals common and distinct features of epidermal and vascular tissues. Our results, thus, offer a valuable resource for investigating the basic principles underlying cell division and differentiation in plants at single-cell resolution.
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14
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Deng G, Bi F, Liu J, He W, Li C, Dong T, Yang Q, Gao H, Dou T, Zhong X, Peng M, Yi G, Hu C, Sheng O. Transcriptome and metabolome profiling provide insights into molecular mechanism of pseudostem elongation in banana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:125. [PMID: 33648452 PMCID: PMC7923470 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banana plant height is an important trait for horticultural practices and semi-dwarf cultivars show better resistance to damages by wind and rain. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the pseudostem height remain poorly understood. Herein, we studied the molecular changes in the pseudostem of a semi-dwarf banana mutant Aifen No. 1 (Musa spp. Pisang Awak sub-group ABB) as compared to its wild-type dwarf cultivar using a combined transcriptome and metabolome approach. RESULTS A total of 127 differentially expressed genes and 48 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between the mutant and its wild type. Metabolites belonging to amino acid and its derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, organic acids, and phenolic acids were up-regulated in the mutant. The transcriptome analysis showed the differential regulation of genes related to the gibberellin pathway, auxin transport, cell elongation, and cell wall modification. Based on the regulation of gibberellin and associated pathway-related genes, we discussed the involvement of gibberellins in pseudostem elongation in the mutant banana. Genes and metabolites associated with cell wall were explored and their involvement in cell extension is discussed. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that gibberellins and associated pathways are possibly developing the observed semi-dwarf pseudostem phenotype together with cell elongation and cell wall modification. The findings increase the understanding of the mechanisms underlying banana stem height and provide new clues for further dissection of specific gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiming Deng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangcheng Bi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Weidi He
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaosong Yang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Gao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongxin Dou
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhong
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Miao Peng
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ou Sheng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Souza LA, Tavares R. Nitrogen and Stem Development: A Puzzle Still to Be Solved. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:630587. [PMID: 33659017 PMCID: PMC7917133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
High crop yields are generally associated with high nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. A growing tendency that is urgently demanding the adoption of precision technologies that manage N more efficiently, combined with the advances of crop genetics to meet the needs of sustainable farm systems. Among the plant traits, stem architecture has been of paramount importance to enhance harvest index in the cereal crops. Nonetheless, the reduced stature also brought undesirable effect, such as poor N-uptake, which has led to the overuse of N fertilizer. Therefore, a better understanding of how N signals modulate the initial and late stages of stem development might uncover novel semi-dwarf alleles without pleiotropic effects. Our attempt here is to review the most recent advances on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Anjos Souza
- Innovation Centre in Bioenergy and Grains, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tavares
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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16
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Vijayan A, Tofanelli R, Strauss S, Cerrone L, Wolny A, Strohmeier J, Kreshuk A, Hamprecht FA, Smith RS, Schneitz K. A digital 3D reference atlas reveals cellular growth patterns shaping the Arabidopsis ovule. eLife 2021; 10:e63262. [PMID: 33404501 PMCID: PMC7787667 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in biology is how morphogenesis integrates the multitude of processes that act at different scales, ranging from the molecular control of gene expression to cellular coordination in a tissue. Using machine-learning-based digital image analysis, we generated a three-dimensional atlas of ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana, enabling the quantitative spatio-temporal analysis of cellular and gene expression patterns with cell and tissue resolution. We discovered novel morphological manifestations of ovule polarity, a new mode of cell layer formation, and previously unrecognized subepidermal cell populations that initiate ovule curvature. The data suggest an irregular cellular build-up of WUSCHEL expression in the primordium and new functions for INNER NO OUTER in restricting nucellar cell proliferation and the organization of the interior chalaza. Our work demonstrates the analytical power of a three-dimensional digital representation when studying the morphogenesis of an organ of complex architecture that eventually consists of 1900 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athul Vijayan
- Plant Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Rachele Tofanelli
- Plant Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Sören Strauss
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
| | - Lorenzo Cerrone
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Adrian Wolny
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Joanna Strohmeier
- Plant Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Anna Kreshuk
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Fred A Hamprecht
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
| | - Kay Schneitz
- Plant Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
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17
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Plant Stem Cell Biology. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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McCarthy DM, Medford JI. Quantitative and Predictive Genetic Parts for Plant Synthetic Biology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:512526. [PMID: 33123175 PMCID: PMC7573182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.512526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology aims to harness the natural abilities of plants and to turn them to new purposes. A primary goal of plant synthetic biology is to produce predictable and programmable genetic circuits from simple regulatory elements and well-characterized genetic components. The number of available DNA parts for plants is increasing, and the methods for rapid quantitative characterization are being developed, but the field of plant synthetic biology is still in its early stages. We here describe methods used to describe the quantitative properties of genetic components needed for plant synthetic biology. Once the quantitative properties and transfer function of a variety of genetic parts are known, computers can select the optimal components to assemble into functional devices, such as toggle switches and positive feedback circuits. However, while the variety of circuits and traits that can be put into plants are limitless, doing synthetic biology in plants poses unique challenges. Plants are composed of differentiated cells and tissues, each representing potentially unique regulatory or developmental contexts to introduced synthetic genetic circuits. Further, plants have evolved to be highly sensitive to environmental influences, such as light or temperature, any of which can affect the quantitative function of individual parts or whole circuits. Measuring the function of plant components within the context of a plant cell and, ideally, in a living plant, will be essential to using these components in gene circuits with predictable function. Mathematical modeling will be needed to account for the variety of contexts a genetic part will experience in different plant tissues or environments. With such understanding in hand, it may be possible to redesign plant traits to serve human and environmental needs.
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19
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Klawe FZ, Stiehl T, Bastian P, Gaillochet C, Lohmann JU, Marciniak-Czochra A. Mathematical modeling of plant cell fate transitions controlled by hormonal signals. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007523. [PMID: 32687508 PMCID: PMC7392350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of fate transition and cell division is crucial to maintain the plant architecture and to achieve efficient production of plant organs. In this paper, we analysed the stem cell dynamics at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) that is one of the plant stem cells locations. We designed a mathematical model to elucidate the impact of hormonal signaling on the fate transition rates between different zones corresponding to slowly dividing stem cells and fast dividing transit amplifying cells. The model is based on a simplified two-dimensional disc geometry of the SAM and accounts for a continuous displacement towards the periphery of cells produced in the central zone. Coupling growth and hormonal signaling results in a nonlinear system of reaction-diffusion equations on a growing domain with the growth rate depending on the model components. The model is tested by simulating perturbations in the level of key transcription factors that maintain SAM homeostasis. The model provides new insights on how the transcription factor HECATE is integrated in the regulatory network that governs stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Z. Klawe
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bioquant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bastian
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan U. Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bioquant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Che G, Gu R, Zhao J, Liu X, Song X, Zi H, Cheng Z, Shen J, Wang Z, Liu R, Yan L, Weng Y, Zhang X. Gene regulatory network controlling carpel number variation in cucumber. Development 2020; 147:dev.184788. [PMID: 32165491 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The WUSCHEL-CLAVATA3 pathway genes play an essential role in shoot apical meristem maintenance and floral organ development, and under intense selection during crop domestication. The carpel number is an important fruit trait that affects fruit shape, size and internal quality in cucumber, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we found that CsCLV3 expression was negatively correlated with carpel number in cucumber cultivars. CsCLV3-RNAi led to increased number of petals and carpels, whereas overexpression of CsWUS resulted in more sepals, petals and carpels, suggesting that CsCLV3 and CsWUS function as a negative and a positive regulator for carpel number variation, respectively. Biochemical analyses indicated that CsWUS directly bound to the promoter of CsCLV3 and activated its expression. Overexpression of CsFUL1A , a FRUITFULL-like MADS-box gene, resulted in more petals and carpels. CsFUL1A can directly bind to the CsWUS promoter to stimulate its expression. Furthermore, we found that auxin participated in carpel number variation in cucumber through interaction of CsARF14 with CsWUS. Therefore, we have identified a gene regulatory pathway involving CsCLV3, CsWUS, CsFUL1A and CsARF14 in determining carpel number variation in an important vegetable crop - cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Che
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ran Gu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hailing Zi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjun Shen
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liying Yan
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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21
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Bassel GW. Multicellular Systems Biology: Quantifying Cellular Patterning and Function in Plant Organs Using Network Science. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:731-742. [PMID: 30794885 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ function is at least partially shaped and constrained by the organization of their constituent cells. Extensive investigation has revealed mechanisms explaining how these patterns are generated, with less being known about their functional relevance. In this paper, a methodology to discretize and quantitatively analyze cellular patterning is described. By performing global organ-scale cellular interaction mapping, the organization of cells can be extracted and analyzed using network science. This provides a means to take the developmental analysis of cellular organization in complex organisms beyond qualitative descriptions and provides data-driven approaches to inferring cellular function. The bridging of a structure-function relationship in hypocotyl epidermal cell patterning through global topological analysis provides support for this approach. The analysis of cellular topologies from patterning mutants further enables the contribution of gene activity toward the organizational properties of tissues to be linked, bridging molecular and tissue scales. This systems-based approach to investigate multicellular complexity paves the way to uncovering the principles of complex organ design and achieving predictive genotype-phenotype mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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22
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McKim SM. How plants grow up. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:257-277. [PMID: 30697935 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plant's lateral structures, such as leaves, branches and flowers, literally hinge on the shoot axis, making its integrity and growth fundamental to plant form. In all plants, subapical proliferation within the shoot tip displaces cells downward to extrude the cylindrical stem. Following the transition to flowering, many plants show extensive axial elongation associated with increased subapical proliferation and expansion. However, the cereal grasses also elongate their stems, called culms, due to activity within detached intercalary meristems which displaces cells upward, elevating the grain-bearing inflorescence. Variation in culm length within species is especially relevant to cereal crops, as demonstrated by the high-yielding semi-dwarfed cereals of the Green Revolution. Although previously understudied, recent renewed interest the regulation of subapical and intercalary growth suggests that control of cell division planes, boundary formation and temporal dynamics of differentiation, are likely critical mechanisms coordinating axial growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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23
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24
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Traas J. Organogenesis at the Shoot Apical Meristem. PLANTS 2018; 8:plants8010006. [PMID: 30597849 PMCID: PMC6358984 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lateral organ initiation at the shoot apical meristem involves complex changes in growth rates and directions, ultimately leading to the formation of leaves, stems and flowers. Extensive molecular analysis identifies auxin and downstream transcriptional regulation as major elements in this process. This molecular regulatory network must somehow interfere with the structural elements of the cell, in particular the cell wall, to induce specific morphogenetic events. The cell wall is composed of a network of rigid cellulose microfibrils embedded in a matrix composed of water, polysaccharides such as pectins and hemicelluloses, proteins, and ions. I will discuss here current views on how auxin dependent pathways modulate wall structure to set particular growth rates and growth directions. This involves complex feedbacks with both the cytoskeleton and the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Traas
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon CEDEX O7, France.
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25
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Bartz M, Gola EM. Meristem development and activity in gametophytes of the model fern, Ceratopteris richardii. Dev Biol 2018; 444:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Plackett AR, Conway SJ, Hewett Hazelton KD, Rabbinowitsch EH, Langdale JA, Di Stilio VS. LEAFY maintains apical stem cell activity during shoot development in the fern Ceratopteris richardii. eLife 2018; 7:39625. [PMID: 30355440 PMCID: PMC6200394 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During land plant evolution, determinate spore-bearing axes (retained in extant bryophytes such as mosses) were progressively transformed into indeterminate branching shoots with specialized reproductive axes that form flowers. The LEAFY transcription factor, which is required for the first zygotic cell division in mosses and primarily for floral meristem identity in flowering plants, may have facilitated developmental innovations during these transitions. Mapping the LEAFY evolutionary trajectory has been challenging, however, because there is no functional overlap between mosses and flowering plants, and no functional data from intervening lineages. Here, we report a transgenic analysis in the fern Ceratopteris richardii that reveals a role for LEAFY in maintaining cell divisions in the apical stem cells of both haploid and diploid phases of the lifecycle. These results support an evolutionary trajectory in which an ancestral LEAFY module that promotes cell proliferation was progressively co-opted, adapted and specialized as novel shoot developmental contexts emerged. The first plants colonized land around 500 million years ago. These plants had simple shoots with no branches, similar to the mosses that live today. Later on, some plants evolved more complex structures including branched shoots and flowers (collectively known as the “flowering plants”). Ferns are a group of plants that evolved midway between the mosses and flowering plants and have branched shoots but no flowers. The gradual transition from simple to more complex plant structures required changes to the way in which cells divide and grow within plant shoots. Whereas animals produce new cells throughout their body, most plant cells divide in areas known as meristems. All plants grow from embryos, which contain meristems that will form the roots and shoots of the mature plant. A gene called LEAFY is required for cells in moss embryos to divide. However, in flowering plants LEAFY does not carry out this role, instead it is only required to make the meristems that produce flowers. How did LEAFY transition from a general role in embryos to a more specialized role in making flowers? To address this question, Plackett, Conway et al. studied the two LEAFY genes in a fern called Ceratopteris richardii. The experiments showed that at least one of these LEAFY genes was active in the meristems of fern shoots throughout the lifespan of the plant. The shoots of ferns with less active LEAFY genes could not form the leaves seen in normal C. richardii plants. This suggests that as land plants evolved, the role of LEAFY changed from forming embryos to forming complex shoot structures. Most of our major crops are flowering plants. By understanding how the role of LEAFY has changed over the evolution of land plants, it might be possible to manipulate LEAFY genes in crop plants to alter shoot structures to better suit specific environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rg Plackett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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27
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Janocha D, Lohmann JU. From signals to stem cells and back again. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:136-142. [PMID: 30014888 PMCID: PMC6250905 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During plant development, organ morphology and body architecture are dynamically adjusted in response to a changing environment. This developmental plasticity is based on precisely controlled maintenance of primary, as well as programmed initiation of pluripotent stem cell populations during secondary- and de novo meristem formation (reviewed in [1-3]). Plant stem cells are found exclusively in specific locations that are defined by relative position within the growing tissue. It follows that stem cell fate is primarily instructed by endogenous signals that dynamically define the stem cell niche in response to tissue topography [4]. Furthermore, plant stem cell activity is strongly dependent on developmental stage, suggesting that they are sensitive to long range signaling from distant organs, including the root [5,6••]. And finally, environmental signals exert a major influence allowing plants to cope with the plethora of highly variable environmental parameters during their life-cycle [7]. Integrating tissue level positional information with long range developmental cues, as well as environmental signals requires intricate molecular mechanisms that allow to filter, classify, and balance diverse inputs and translate them into appropriate local cell behavior. In this short review, we aim to highlight advances in identifying the relevant signals, their mode of action, as well as the mechanisms of information processing in stem cells of the shoot apical meristem (SAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Janocha
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Serrano-Mislata A, Sablowski R. The pillars of land plants: new insights into stem development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:11-17. [PMID: 29763857 PMCID: PMC6250904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In spite of its central importance in evolution, plant architecture and crop improvement, stem development remains poorly understood relative to other plant organs. Here, we summarise current knowledge of stem ontogenesis and its regulation, including insights from new image analysis and biophysical approaches. The stem initiates in the rib zone (RZ) of the shoot apical meristem, under transcriptional control by DELLA and BLH proteins. Links have emerged between these regulators and cell proliferation, patterning and oriented growth in the RZ. During subsequent internode elongation, cell wall properties and mechanics have been analysed in detail, revealing pectin modification as a prominent control point. Recent work has also highlighted signalling to coordinate growth of stem tissues with different mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Sablowski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
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29
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Kassaw TK, Donayre-Torres AJ, Antunes MS, Morey KJ, Medford JI. Engineering synthetic regulatory circuits in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:13-22. [PMID: 29907304 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging field that aims to engineer genetic circuits to function in plants with the same reliability and precision as electronic circuits. These circuits can be used to program predictable plant behavior, producing novel traits to improve crop plant productivity, enable biosensors, and serve as platforms to synthesize chemicals and complex biomolecules. Herein we introduce the importance of developing orthogonal plant parts and the need for quantitative part characterization for mathematical modeling of complex circuits. In particular, transfer functions are important when designing electronic-like genetic controls such as toggle switches, positive/negative feedback loops, and Boolean logic gates. We then discuss potential constraints and challenges in synthetic regulatory circuit design and integration when using plants. Finally, we highlight current and potential plant synthetic regulatory circuit applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessema K Kassaw
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Alberto J Donayre-Torres
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Mauricio S Antunes
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Kevin J Morey
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - June I Medford
- Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA.
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30
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Perez-Garcia P, Moreno-Risueno MA. Stem cells and plant regeneration. Dev Biol 2018; 442:3-12. [PMID: 29981693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms show the ability to replace damage cells, tissues and even whole organs through regeneration mechanisms. Plants show a remarkable regenerative potential. While the basic principles of plant regeneration have been known for a number of decades, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying such principles are currently starting to emerge. Some of these mechanisms point to the existence of highly reprogrammable cells. Developmental plasticity is a hallmark for stem cells, and stem cells are responsible for the generation of distinctive cell types forming plants. In the last years, a number of players and molecular mechanism regulating stem cell maintenance have been described, and some of them have also been involved in regenerative processes. These discoveries in plant stem cell regulation and regeneration invite us to rethink several of the classical concepts in plant biology such as cell fate specification and even the actual meaning of what we consider stem cells in plants. In this review we will cover some of these discoveries, focusing on the role of the plant stem cell function and regulation during cell and organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Perez-Garcia
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moreno-Risueno
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Evkaikina AI, Berke L, Romanova MA, Proux-Wéra E, Ivanova AN, Rydin C, Pawlowski K, Voitsekhovskaja OV. The Huperzia selago Shoot Tip Transcriptome Sheds New Light on the Evolution of Leaves. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:2444-2460. [PMID: 28957460 PMCID: PMC5622374 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopodiophyta—consisting of three orders, Lycopodiales, Isoetales and Selaginellales, with different types of shoot apical meristems (SAMs)—form the earliest branch among the extant vascular plants. They represent a sister group to all other vascular plants, from which they differ in that their leaves are microphylls—that is, leaves with a single, unbranched vein, emerging from the protostele without a leaf gap—not megaphylls. All leaves represent determinate organs originating on the flanks of indeterminate SAMs. Thus, leaf formation requires the suppression of indeterminacy, that is, of KNOX transcription factors. In seed plants, this is mediated by different groups of transcription factors including ARP and YABBY. We generated a shoot tip transcriptome of Huperzia selago (Lycopodiales) to examine the genes involved in leaf formation. Our H. selago transcriptome does not contain any ARP homolog, although transcriptomes of Selaginella spp. do. Surprisingly, we discovered a YABBY homolog, although these transcription factors were assumed to have evolved only in seed plants. The existence of a YABBY homolog in H. selago suggests that YABBY evolved already in the common ancestor of the vascular plants, and subsequently was lost in some lineages like Selaginellales, whereas ARP may have been lost in Lycopodiales. The presence of YABBY in the common ancestor of vascular plants would also support the hypothesis that this common ancestor had a simplex SAM. Furthermore, a comparison of the expression patterns of ARP in shoot tips of Selaginella kraussiana (Harrison CJ, etal. 2005. Independent recruitment of a conserved developmental mechanism during leaf evolution. Nature 434(7032):509–514.) and YABBY in shoot tips of H. selago implies that the development of microphylls, unlike megaphylls, does not seem to depend on the combined activities of ARP and YABBY. Altogether, our data show that Lycopodiophyta are a diverse group; so, in order to understand the role of Lycopodiophyta in evolution, representatives of Lycopodiales, Selaginellales, as well as of Isoetales, have to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia I Evkaikina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lidija Berke
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Marina A Romanova
- Department of Botany, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Estelle Proux-Wéra
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alexandra N Ivanova
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Catarina Rydin
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga V Voitsekhovskaja
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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32
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Abstract
Shoot architecture is determined by the organization and activities of apical, axillary, intercalary, secondary, and inflorescence meristems and by the subsequent development of stems, leaves, shoot branches, and inflorescences. In this review, we discuss the unifying principles of hormonal and genetic control of shoot architecture including advances in our understanding of lateral branch outgrowth; control of stem elongation, thickness, and angle; and regulation of inflorescence development. We focus on recent progress made mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, pea, maize, and tomato, including the identification of new genes and mechanisms controlling shoot architecture. Key advances include elucidation of mechanisms by which strigolactones, auxins, and genes such as IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 control shoot architecture. Knowledge now available provides a foundation for rational approaches to crop breeding and the generation of ideotypes with defined architectural features to improve performance and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Steven M Smith
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia;
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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33
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Julien JD, Boudaoud A. Elongation and shape changes in organisms with cell walls: A dialogue between experiments and models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1:34-42. [PMID: 32743126 PMCID: PMC7388974 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The generation of anisotropic shapes occurs during morphogenesis of almost all organisms. With the recent renewal of the interest in mechanical aspects of morphogenesis, it has become clear that mechanics contributes to anisotropic forms in a subtle interaction with various molecular actors. Here, we consider plants, fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria, and we review the mechanisms by which elongated shapes are generated and maintained. We focus on theoretical models of the interplay between growth and mechanics, in relation with experimental data, and discuss how models may help us improve our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Daniel Julien
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.,Laboratoire de Physique, Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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34
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Gaillochet C, Stiehl T, Wenzl C, Ripoll JJ, Bailey-Steinitz LJ, Li L, Pfeiffer A, Miotk A, Hakenjos JP, Forner J, Yanofsky MF, Marciniak-Czochra A, Lohmann JU. Control of plant cell fate transitions by transcriptional and hormonal signals. eLife 2017; 6:30135. [PMID: 29058667 PMCID: PMC5693117 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant meristems carry pools of continuously active stem cells, whose activity is controlled by developmental and environmental signals. After stem cell division, daughter cells that exit the stem cell domain acquire transit amplifying cell identity before they are incorporated into organs and differentiate. In this study, we used an integrated approach to elucidate the role of HECATE (HEC) genes in regulating developmental trajectories of shoot stem cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our work reveals that HEC function stabilizes cell fate in distinct zones of the shoot meristem thereby controlling the spatio-temporal dynamics of stem cell differentiation. Importantly, this activity is concomitant with the local modulation of cellular responses to cytokinin and auxin, two key phytohormones regulating cell behaviour. Mechanistically, we show that HEC factors transcriptionally control and physically interact with MONOPTEROS (MP), a key regulator of auxin signalling, and modulate the autocatalytic stabilization of auxin signalling output. Unlike animals, plants continuously generate new organs that make up their body. At the core of this amazing capacity lie tissues called meristems, which are found at the growing tips of all plants. Meristems contain dividing stem cells. The daughters of these stem cells pass through nearby regions called transition domains. Over time, they change – or differentiate – to go on to become part of tissues like leaves, roots, stems, shoots, flowers or fruits. Stem cell differentiation has a direct impact on a plant’s architecture and eventually its reproductive success. For crops, these factors determine yield. This means that understanding this aspect of plant development is central to basic and applied plant biology. Many factors required for shoot meristem activity have been identified, with a focus so far on the processes that control the identity of the cells produced. Now, Gaillochet et al. have asked which genes are responsible for controlling when stem cells in meristems differentiate. The analysis focused on the meristem that makes all the above ground parts of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana – the shoot apical meristem. Gaillochet et al. found that HECATE genes (or HEC for short) control the timing of stem cell differentiation by regulating the balance between the activities of two plant hormones: cytokinin and auxin. These genes promote cytokinin signals at the centre of the meristem, and dampen auxin response at the edges. This acts to slow down cell differentiation in two key transition domains of the shoot meristem. These new findings provide a molecular framework that now can be further investigated in crop plants to try to improve their yield. The findings also lay the foundation for studies of animals that may define common principles shared among stem cell systems in organisms that diverged over a billion years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Gaillochet
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Wenzl
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan-José Ripoll
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Lindsay J Bailey-Steinitz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Lanxin Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Pfeiffer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrej Miotk
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana P Hakenjos
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Forner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin F Yanofsky
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Bioquant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Dai X, Liu Z, Qiao M, Li J, Li S, Xiang F. ARR12 promotes de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana via activation of WUSCHEL expression. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:747-758. [PMID: 28681564 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and cytokinin direct cell proliferation and differentiation during the in vitro culture of plant cells, but the molecular basis of these processes, especially de novo shoot regeneration, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we describe the regulatory control of shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, based on the interaction of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR12 (ARR12) and WUSCHEL (WUS). The major site of ARR12 expression coincided with the location where the shoot apical meristem (SAM) initiated. The arr12 mutants showed severely impaired shoot regeneration and reduced responsiveness to cytokinin; consistent with this, the overexpression of ARR12 enhanced shoot regeneration. Certain shoot meristem specification genes, notably WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3, were significantly downregulated in the arr12 explants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and transient activation assays demonstrated that ARR12 binds to the promoter of WUS. These observations indicate that during shoot regeneration, in vitro, ARR12 functions as a molecular link between cytokinin signaling and the expression of shoot meristem specification genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehuan Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Shandong Province Administration of Work Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Juan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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36
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González-Carranza ZH, Zhang X, Peters JL, Boltz V, Szecsi J, Bendahmane M, Roberts JA. HAWAIIAN SKIRT controls size and floral organ number by modulating CUC1 and CUC2 expression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185106. [PMID: 28934292 PMCID: PMC5608315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana F-box gene HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) affects organ growth and the timing of floral organ abscission. The loss-of-function hws-1 mutant exhibits fused sepals and increased organ size. To understand the molecular mechanisms of HWS during plant development, we mutagenized hws-1 seeds with ethylmethylsulphonate (EMS) and screened for mutations suppressing hws-1 associated phenotypes. We isolated the shs1/hws-1 (suppressor of hws-1) mutant in which hws-1 sepal fusion phenotype was suppressed. The shs1/hws-1 mutant carries a G→A nucleotide substitution in the MIR164 binding site of CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1) mRNA. CUC1 and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2 (CUC2) transcript levels were altered in shs1, renamed cuc1-1D, and in hws-1 mutant. Genetic interaction analyses using single, double and triple mutants of cuc1-1D, cuc2-1D (a CUC2 mutant similar to cuc1-1D), and hws-1, demonstrate that HWS, CUC1 and CUC2 act together to control floral organ number. Loss of function of HWS is associated with larger petal size due to alterations in cell proliferation and mitotic growth, a role shared with the CUC1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnia H. González-Carranza
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Janny L. Peters
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Boltz
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univesité de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Judit Szecsi
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univesité de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mohammed Bendahmane
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univesité de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy A. Roberts
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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37
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Hastwell AH, de Bang TC, Gresshoff PM, Ferguson BJ. CLE peptide-encoding gene families in Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, compared with those of soybean, common bean and Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9384. [PMID: 28839170 PMCID: PMC5570945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09296-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CLE peptide hormones are critical regulators of many cell proliferation and differentiation mechanisms in plants. These 12-13 amino acid glycosylated peptides play vital roles in a diverse range of plant tissues, including the shoot, root and vasculature. CLE peptides are also involved in controlling legume nodulation. Here, the entire family of CLE peptide-encoding genes was identified in Medicago truncatula (52) and Lotus japonicus (53), including pseudogenes and non-functional sequences that were identified. An array of bioinformatic techniques were used to compare and contrast these complete CLE peptide-encoding gene families with those of fellow legumes, Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris, in addition to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This approach provided insight into the evolution of CLE peptide families and enabled us to establish putative M. truncatula and L. japonicus orthologues. This includes orthologues of nodulation-suppressing CLE peptides and AtCLE40 that controls the stem cell population of the root apical meristem. A transcriptional meta-analysis was also conducted to help elucidate the function of the CLE peptide family members. Collectively, our analyses considerably increased the number of annotated CLE peptides in the model legume species, M. truncatula and L. japonicus, and substantially enhanced the knowledgebase of this critical class of peptide hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- April H Hastwell
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas C de Bang
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, Oklahoma, 73401, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter M Gresshoff
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Brett J Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Jiao Y, Jiao H, Zhao H, Zhu YX. Two-Step Functional Innovation of the Stem-Cell Factors WUS/WOX5 during Plant Evolution. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:640-653. [PMID: 28053005 PMCID: PMC5400392 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
WUS and WOX5, which are expressed, respectively, in the organizing center (OC) and the quiescent center (QC), are essential for shoot/root apical stem-cell maintenance in flowering plants. However, little is known about how these stem-cell factors evolved their functions in flowering plants. Here, we show that the WUS/WOX5 proteins acquired two distinct capabilities by a two-step functional innovation process in the course of plant evolution. The first-step is the apical stem-cell maintenance activity of WUS/WOX5, which originated in the common ancestor of ferns and seed plants, as evidenced by the interspecies complementation experiments, showing that ectopic expression of fern Ceratopteris richardii WUS-like (CrWUL) surrounding OC/QC, or exclusive OC-/QC-expressed gymnosperms/angiosperms WUS/WOX5 in Arabidopsis wus-1 and wox5-1 mutants, could rescue their phenotypes. The second-step is the intercellular mobility that emerged in the common ancestor of seed plants after divergence from the ferns. Evidence for this includes confocal imaging of GFP fusion proteins, showing that WUS/WOX5 from seed plants, rather than from the fern CrWUL, can migrate into cells adjacent to the OC/QC. Evolutionary analysis showed that the WUS-like gene was duplicated into two copies prior to the divergence of gymnosperms/angiosperms. Then the two gene copies (WUS and WOX5) have undergone similar levels of purifying selection, which is consistent with their conserved functions in angiosperm shoot/root stem-cell maintenance and floral organ formation. Our results highlight the critical roles and the essential prerequisites that the two-step functional innovation of these genes performs and represents in the origin of flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Jiao
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hengwu Jiao
- Department of Ecology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- Department of Ecology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Xian Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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39
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Xin W, Wang Z, Liang Y, Wang Y, Hu Y. Dynamic expression reveals a two-step patterning of WUS and CLV3 during axillary shoot meristem formation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 214:1-6. [PMID: 28399422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Seed plants have a remarkable capability to produce axillary meristems (AM) in the leaf axils, however, the dynamic establishment of a stem cell niche in AM is largely uncharacterized. We comprehensively examined the dynamic patterning of WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3), the two key marker genes defining the shoot stem cell niches, during AM formation in Arabidopsis, and we found that a two-step patterning of WUS and CLV3 occurred during AM stem cell niche establishment. Our further work on the wus and clv3 mutants implicates that such two-step patterning is likely critical for the maintenance of AM progenitor cells and the specification of AM stem cell niche. These data provide a cytological frame for how a stem cell niche is established during AM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhicai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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40
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Kitagawa M, Jackson D. Plasmodesmata-Mediated Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Shoot Apical Meristem: How Stem Cells Talk. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E12. [PMID: 28257070 PMCID: PMC5371771 DOI: 10.3390/plants6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Positional information is crucial for the determination of plant cell fates, and it is established based on coordinated cell-to-cell communication, which in turn is essential for plant growth and development. Plants have evolved a unique communication pathway, with tiny channels called plasmodesmata (PD) spanning the cell wall. PD interconnect most cells in the plant and generate a cytoplasmic continuum, to mediate short- and long-distance trafficking of various molecules. Cell-to-cell communication through PD plays a role in transmitting positional signals, however, the regulatory mechanisms of PD-mediated trafficking are still largely unknown. The induction and maintenance of stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) depends on PDmediated cell-to-cell communication, hence, it is an optimal model for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms of PD-mediated cell-to-cell communication and its function in specifying cell fates. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge of PD-mediated cell-to-cell communication in the SAM, and discuss mechanisms underlying molecular trafficking through PD and its role in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Kitagawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
| | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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41
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Basile A, Fambrini M, Pugliesi C. The vascular plants: open system of growth. Dev Genes Evol 2017; 227:129-157. [PMID: 28214944 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
What is fascinating in plants (true also in sessile animals such as corals and hydroids) is definitely their open and indeterminate growth, as a result of meristematic activity. Plants as well as animals are characterized by a multicellular organization, with which they share a common set of genes inherited from a common eukaryotic ancestor; nevertheless, circa 1.5 billion years of evolutionary history made the two kingdoms very different in their own developmental biology. Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, arose during the Cretaceous Period (145-65 million years ago), and up to date, they count around 235,000 species, representing the largest and most diverse group within the plant kingdom. One of the foundations of their success relies on the plant-pollinator relationship, essentially unique to angiosperms that pushed large speciation in both plants and insects and on the presence of the carpel, the structure devoted to seed enclosure. A seed represents the main organ preserving the genetic information of a plant; during embryogenesis, the primary axis of development is established by two groups of pluripotent cells: the shoot apical meristem (SAM), responsible for gene rating all aboveground organs, and the root apical meristem (RAM), responsible for producing all underground organs. During postembryonic shoot development, axillary meristem (AM) initiation and outgrowth are responsible for producing all secondary axes of growth including inflorescence branches or flowers. The production of AMs is tightly linked to the production of leaves and their separation from SAM. As leaf primordia are formed on the flanks of the SAM, a region between the apex and the developing organ is established and referred to as boundary zone. Interaction between hormones and the gene network in the boundary zone is fundamental for AM initiation. AMs only develop at the adaxial base of the leaf; thus, AM initiation is also strictly associated with leaf polarity. AMs function as new SAMs: form axillary buds with a few leaves and then the buds can either stay dormant or develop into shoot branches to define a plant architecture, which in turn affects assimilate production and reproductive efficiency. Therefore, the radiation of angiosperms was accompanied by a huge diversification in growth forms that determine an enormous morphological plasticity helping plants to environmental changes. In this review, we focused on the developmental processes of AM initiation and outgrowth. In particular, we summarized the primary growth of SAM, the key role of positional signals for AM initiation, and the dissection of molecular players involved in AM initiation and outgrowth. Finally, the interaction between phytohormone signals and gene regulatory network controlling AM development was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Basile
- Institute of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Fambrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Ambientali e Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Ambientali e Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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42
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Rosspopoff O, Chelysheva L, Saffar J, Lecorgne L, Gey D, Caillieux E, Colot V, Roudier F, Hilson P, Berthomé R, Da Costa M, Rech P. Direct conversion of root primordium into shoot meristem relies on timing of stem cell niche development. Development 2017; 144:1187-1200. [PMID: 28174250 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand how the identity of an organ can be switched, we studied the transformation of lateral root primordia (LRP) into shoot meristems in Arabidopsis root segments. In this system, the cytokinin-induced conversion does not involve the formation of callus-like structures. Detailed analysis showed that the conversion sequence starts with a mitotic pause and is concomitant with the differential expression of regulators of root and shoot development. The conversion requires the presence of apical stem cells, and only LRP at stages VI or VII can be switched. It is engaged as soon as cell divisions resume because their position and orientation differ in the converting organ compared with the undisturbed emerging LRP. By alternating auxin and cytokinin treatments, we showed that the root and shoot organogenetic programs are remarkably plastic, as the status of the same plant stem cell niche can be reversed repeatedly within a set developmental window. Thus, the networks at play in the meristem of a root can morph in the span of a couple of cell division cycles into those of a shoot, and back, through transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rosspopoff
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPCM Université Paris 06, UFR 927, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Liudmila Chelysheva
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Julie Saffar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Lena Lecorgne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPCM Université Paris 06, UFR 927, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Delphine Gey
- Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, UMS 2700, OMSI, Paris F-75231, France
| | - Erwann Caillieux
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Vincent Colot
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - François Roudier
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Pierre Hilson
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Richard Berthomé
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, INPT, Castanet-Tolosan F-31126, France.,CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France.,Plant Genomics Research Unit, UMR INRA 1165 - CNRS 8114 - UEVE, 2, CP5708, Evry Cedex 91057, France
| | - Marco Da Costa
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France .,Sorbonne Universités, UPCM Université Paris 06, UFR 927, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Philippe Rech
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France .,Sorbonne Universités, UPCM Université Paris 06, UFR 927, Paris F-75005, France
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Ye J, Yang Y, Chen B, Shi J, Luo M, Zhan J, Wang X, Liu G, Wang H. An integrated analysis of QTL mapping and RNA sequencing provides further insights and promising candidates for pod number variation in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:71. [PMID: 28077071 PMCID: PMC5225578 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most important yield component in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), pod number is determined by a series of successive growth and development processes. Pod number shows extensive variation in rapeseed natural germplasm, which is valuable for genetic improvement. However, the genetic and especially the molecular mechanism for this kind of variation are poorly understood. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping and RNA sequencing, respectively, using the BnaZNRIL population and its two parental cultivars Zhongshuang11 and No.73290 which showed significant difference in pod number, primarily due to the difference in floral organ number. RESULT A total of eight QTLs for pod number were identified using BnaZNRIL population with a high-density SNP linkage map, each was distributed on seven linkage groups and explained 5.8-11.9% of phenotypic variance. Then, they were integrated with those previously detected in BnaZNF2 population (deriving from same parents) and resulted in 15 consensus-QTLs. Of which, seven QTLs were identical to other studies, whereas the other eight should be novel. RNA sequencing of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) at the formation stage of floral bud primordia identified 9135 genes that were differentially expressed between the two parents. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the top two enriched groups were S-assimilation, providing an essential nutrient for the synthesis of diverse metabolites, and polyamine metabolism, serving as second messengers that play an essential role in flowering genes initiation. KEGG analysis showed that the top three overrepresented pathways were carbohydrate (707 genes), amino acid (390 genes) and lipid metabolisms (322 genes). In silico mapping showed that 647 DEGs were located within the confidence intervals of 15 consensus QTLs. Based on annotations of Arabidopsis homologs corresponding to DEGs, nine genes related to meristem growth and development were considered as promising candidates for six QTLs. CONCLUSION In this study, we discovered the first repeatable major QTL for pod number in rapeseed. In addition, RNA sequencing was performed for SAM in rapeseed, which provides new insights into the determination of floral organ number. Furthermore, the integration of DEGs and QTLs identified promising candidates for further gene cloning and mechanism study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ye
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqin Shi
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Meizhong Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiepeng Zhan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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44
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Asari S, Tarkowská D, Rolčík J, Novák O, Palmero DV, Bejai S, Meijer J. Analysis of plant growth-promoting properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113 using Arabidopsis thaliana as host plant. PLANTA 2017; 245:15-30. [PMID: 27541497 PMCID: PMC5226999 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This study showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113 colonizing Arabidopsis roots changed root structure and promoted growth implying the usability of this strain as a novel tool to support sustainable crop production. Root architecture plays a crucial role for plants to ensure uptake of water, minerals and nutrients and to provide anchorage in the soil. The root is a dynamic structure with plastic growth and branching depending on the continuous integration of internal and environmental factors. The rhizosphere contains a complex microbiota, where some microbes can colonize plant roots and support growth and stress tolerance. Here, we report that the rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum UCMB5113 stimulated the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 by increased lateral root outgrowth and elongation and root-hair formation, although primary root elongation was inhibited. In addition, the growth of the above ground tissues was stimulated by UCMB5113. Specific hormone reporter gene lines were tested which suggested a role for at least auxin and cytokinin signaling during rhizobacterial modulation of Arabidopsis root architecture. UCMB5113 produced cytokinins and indole-3-acetic acid, and the formation of the latter was stimulated by root exudates and tryptophan. The plant growth promotion effect by UCMB5113 did not appear to depend on jasmonic acid in contrast to the disease suppression effect in plants. UCMB5113 exudates inhibited primary root growth, while a semi-purified lipopeptide fraction did not and resulted in the overall growth promotion indicating an interplay of many different bacterial compounds that affect the root growth of the host plant. This study illustrates that beneficial microbes interact with plants in root development via classic and novel signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashidar Asari
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, S75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rolčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Velázquez Palmero
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, S75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, S75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, S75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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45
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Youssef HM, Eggert K, Koppolu R, Alqudah AM, Poursarebani N, Fazeli A, Sakuma S, Tagiri A, Rutten T, Govind G, Lundqvist U, Graner A, Komatsuda T, Sreenivasulu N, Schnurbusch T. VRS2 regulates hormone-mediated inflorescence patterning in barley. Nat Genet 2016; 49:157-161. [PMID: 27841879 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant architecture has clear agronomic and economic implications for crops such as wheat and barley, as it is a critical factor for determining grain yield. Despite this, only limited molecular information is available about how grain-bearing inflorescences, called spikes, are formed and maintain their regular, distichous pattern. Here we elucidate the molecular and hormonal role of Six-rowed spike 2 (Vrs2), which encodes a SHORT INTERNODES (SHI) transcriptional regulator during barley inflorescence and shoot development. We show that Vrs2 is specifically involved in floral organ patterning and phase duration by maintaining hormonal homeostasis and gradients during normal spike development and similarly influences plant stature traits. Furthermore, we establish a link between the SHI protein family and sucrose metabolism during organ growth and development that may have implications for deeper molecular insights into inflorescence and plant architecture in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy M Youssef
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kai Eggert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ravi Koppolu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ahmad M Alqudah
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Naser Poursarebani
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Arash Fazeli
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shun Sakuma
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akemi Tagiri
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Geetha Govind
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,Reliance R&D Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Udda Lundqvist
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Andreas Graner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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46
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Lozano-Sotomayor P, Chávez Montes RA, Silvestre-Vañó M, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Greco R, Pablo-Villa J, Galliani BM, Diaz-Ramirez D, Weemen M, Boutilier K, Pereira A, Colombo L, Madueño F, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. Altered expression of the bZIP transcription factor DRINK ME affects growth and reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:437-451. [PMID: 27402171 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe an uncharacterized gene that negatively influences Arabidopsis growth and reproductive development. DRINK ME (DKM; bZIP30) is a member of the bZIP transcription factor family, and is expressed in meristematic tissues such as the inflorescence meristem (IM), floral meristem (FM), and carpel margin meristem (CMM). Altered DKM expression affects meristematic tissues and reproductive organ development, including the gynoecium, which is the female reproductive structure and is determinant for fertility and sexual reproduction. A microarray analysis indicates that DKM overexpression affects the expression of cell cycle, cell wall, organ initiation, cell elongation, hormone homeostasis, and meristem activity genes. Furthermore, DKM can interact in yeast and in planta with proteins involved in shoot apical meristem maintenance such as WUSCHEL, KNAT1/BP, KNAT2 and JAIBA, and with proteins involved in medial tissue development in the gynoecium such as HECATE, BELL1 and NGATHA1. Taken together, our results highlight the relevance of DKM as a negative modulator of Arabidopsis growth and reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Ricardo A Chávez Montes
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Marina Silvestre-Vañó
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
| | | | - Jeanneth Pablo-Villa
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Bianca M Galliani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - David Diaz-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Mieke Weemen
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, P.O. Box 619, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Pereira
- Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Madueño
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., México
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47
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Rahni R, Efroni I, Birnbaum KD. A Case for Distributed Control of Local Stem Cell Behavior in Plants. Dev Cell 2016; 38:635-42. [PMID: 27676436 PMCID: PMC5076558 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The root meristem has a centrally located group of mitotically quiescent cells, to which current models assign a stem cell organizer function. However, evidence is emerging for decentralized control of stem cell activity, whereby self-renewing behavior emerges from the lack of cell displacement at the border of opposing differentiation gradients. We term this a "stagnation" model due to its reliance on passive mechanics. The position of stem cells is established by two opposing axes that reciprocally control each other's differentiation. Such broad tissue organization programs would allow plants, like some animal systems, to rapidly reconstitute stem cells from non-stem-cell tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Rahni
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kenneth D Birnbaum
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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48
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Recent advances in the research for the homolog of breast cancer associated gene AtROW1 in higher plants. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:825-31. [PMID: 27502904 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BARD1 (BRCA1 associated RING domain protein 1), as an important animal tumor suppressor gene associated with many kinds of cancers, has been intensively studied for decades. Surprisingly, homolog of BARD1 was found in plants and it was renamed AtROW1 (repressor of Wuschel-1) according to its extremely important function with regard to plant stem cell homeostasis. Although great advances have been made in human BARD1, the function of this animal tumor-suppressor like gene in plant is not well studied and need to be further elucidated. Here, we review and summarize past and present work regarding this protein. Apart from its previously proposed role in DNA repair, recently it is found essential for shoot and root stem cell development and differentiation in plants. The study of AtROW1 in plant may provide an ideal model for further elucidating the functional mechanism of BARD1 in mammals.
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49
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Wilson ME, Mixdorf M, Berg RH, Haswell ES. Plastid osmotic stress influences cell differentiation at the plant shoot apex. Development 2016; 143:3382-93. [PMID: 27510974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The balance between proliferation and differentiation in the plant shoot apical meristem is controlled by regulatory loops involving the phytohormone cytokinin and stem cell identity genes. Concurrently, cellular differentiation in the developing shoot is coordinated with the environmental and developmental status of plastids within those cells. Here, we employ an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant exhibiting constitutive plastid osmotic stress to investigate the molecular and genetic pathways connecting plastid osmotic stress with cell differentiation at the shoot apex. msl2 msl3 mutants exhibit dramatically enlarged and deformed plastids in the shoot apical meristem, and develop a mass of callus tissue at the shoot apex. Callus production in this mutant requires the cytokinin receptor AHK2 and is characterized by increased cytokinin levels, downregulation of cytokinin signaling inhibitors ARR7 and ARR15, and induction of the stem cell identity gene WUSCHEL Furthermore, plastid stress-induced apical callus production requires elevated plastidic reactive oxygen species, ABA biosynthesis, the retrograde signaling protein GUN1, and ABI4. These results are consistent with a model wherein the cytokinin/WUS pathway and retrograde signaling control cell differentiation at the shoot apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Wilson
- Department of Biology, Mailbox 1137, One Brookings Drive, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Matthew Mixdorf
- Department of Biology, Mailbox 1137, One Brookings Drive, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - R Howard Berg
- Integrated Microscopy Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Rd., Saint Louis, MO 63132 USA
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology, Mailbox 1137, One Brookings Drive, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
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50
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Ambrose BA, Vasco A. Bringing the multicellular fern meristem into focus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:790-3. [PMID: 26756664 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Ambrose
- The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Alejandra Vasco
- The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico DF, 04510, Mexico
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