1
|
Li R, Zhao R, Yang M, Zhang X, Lin J. Membrane microdomains: Structural and signaling platforms for establishing membrane polarity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2260-2277. [PMID: 37549378 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity results from the asymmetric distribution of cellular structures, molecules, and functions. Polarity is a fundamental cellular trait that can determine the orientation of cell division, the formation of particular cell shapes, and ultimately the development of a multicellular body. To maintain the distinct asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids in cellular membranes, plant cells have developed complex trafficking and regulatory mechanisms. Major advances have been made in our understanding of how membrane microdomains influence the asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids. In this review, we first give an overview of cell polarity. Next, we discuss current knowledge concerning membrane microdomains and their roles as structural and signaling platforms to establish and maintain membrane polarity, with a special focus on the asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids, and advanced microscopy techniques to observe and characterize membrane microdomains. Finally, we review recent advances regarding membrane trafficking in cell polarity establishment and how the balance between exocytosis and endocytosis affects membrane polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Konishi N, Mitani-Ueno N, Yamaji N, Ma JF. Polar localization of a rice silicon transporter requires isoleucine at both C- and N-termini as well as positively charged residues. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2232-2250. [PMID: 36891818 PMCID: PMC10226592 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is important for stable and high yields in rice (Oryza sativa), a typical Si hyperaccumulator. The high Si accumulation is achieved by the cooperation of 2 Si transporters, LOW SILICON 1 (OsLsi1) and OsLsi2, which are polarly localized in cells of the root exodermis and endodermis. However, the mechanism underlying their polar localization is unknown. Here, we identified amino acid residues critical for the polar localization of OsLsi1. Deletion of both N- and C-terminal regions resulted in the loss of its polar localization. Furthermore, the deletion of the C-terminus inhibited its trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Detailed site-directed mutagenesis analysis showed that Ile18 at the N-terminal region and Ile285 at the C-terminal region were essential for the polar localization of OsLsi1. Moreover, a cluster of positively charged residues at the C-terminal region is also required for polar localization. Phosphorylation and Lys modifications of OsLsi1 are unlikely to be involved in its polar localization. Finally, we showed that the polar localization of OsLsi1 is required for the efficient uptake of Si. Our study not only identified critical residues required for the polar localization of OsLsi1, but also provided experimental evidence for the importance of transporter polarity for efficient nutrient uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Konishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chan C. The art of taking sides: Key determinants for the polar localization of silicon transporter. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1964-1965. [PMID: 36929877 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chan
- The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aguilera-Romero A, Lucena R, Sabido-Bozo S, Muñiz M. Impact of sphingolipids on protein membrane trafficking. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159334. [PMID: 37201864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential to maintain the spatiotemporal control of protein and lipid distribution within membrane systems of eukaryotic cells. To achieve their functional destination proteins are sorted and transported into lipid carriers that construct the secretory and endocytic pathways. It is an emerging theme that lipid diversity might exist in part to ensure the homeostasis of these pathways. Sphingolipids, a chemical diverse type of lipids with special physicochemical characteristics have been implicated in the selective transport of proteins. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge about how sphingolipids modulate protein trafficking through the endomembrane systems to guarantee that proteins reach their functional destination and the proposed underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auxiliadora Aguilera-Romero
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susana Sabido-Bozo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fisher TJ, Flores-Sandoval E, Alvarez JP, Bowman JL. PIN-FORMED is required for shoot phototropism/gravitropism and facilitates meristem formation in Marchantia polymorpha. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1498-1515. [PMID: 36880411 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PIN-FORMED auxin efflux transporters, a subclass of which is plasma membrane-localised, mediate a variety of land-plant developmental processes via their polar localisation and subsequent directional auxin transport. We provide the first characterisation of PIN proteins in liverworts using Marchantia polymorpha as a model system. Marchantia polymorpha possesses a single PIN-FORMED gene, whose protein product is predicted to be plasma membrane-localised, MpPIN1. To characterise MpPIN1, we created loss-of-function alleles and produced complementation lines in both M. polymorpha and Arabidopsis. In M. polymorpha, gene expression and protein localisation were tracked using an MpPIN1 transgene encoding a translationally fused fluorescent protein. Overexpression of MpPIN1 can partially complement loss of an orthologous gene, PIN-FORMED1, in Arabidopsis. In M. polymorpha, MpPIN1 influences development in numerous ways throughout its life cycle. Most notably, MpPIN1 is required to establish gemmaling dorsiventral polarity and for orthotropic growth of gametangiophore stalks, where MpPIN1 is basally polarised. PIN activity is largely conserved within land plants, with PIN-mediated auxin flow providing a flexible mechanism to organise growth. Specifically, PIN is fundamentally linked to orthotropism and to the establishment of de novo meristems, the latter potentially involving the formation of both auxin biosynthesis maxima and auxin-signalling minima.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., 3800, Australia
| | - Eduardo Flores-Sandoval
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., 3800, Australia
| | - John P Alvarez
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., 3800, Australia
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Daryanavard H, Postiglione AE, Mühlemann JK, Muday GK. Flavonols modulate plant development, signaling, and stress responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 72:102350. [PMID: 36870100 PMCID: PMC10372886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols are plant-specialized metabolites with important functions in plant growth and development. Isolation and characterization of mutants with reduced flavonol levels, especially the transparent testa mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana, have contributed to our understanding of the flavonol biosynthetic pathway. These mutants have also uncovered the roles of flavonols in controlling development in above- and below-ground tissues, notably in the regulation of root architecture, guard cell signaling, and pollen development. In this review, we present recent progress made towards a mechanistic understanding of flavonol function in plant growth and development. Specifically, we highlight findings that flavonols act as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and inhibitors of auxin transport in diverse tissues and cell types to modulate plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Daryanavard
- Climate Resilient Crop Production Laboratory, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anthony E Postiglione
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joëlle K Mühlemann
- Climate Resilient Crop Production Laboratory, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang H, Lu Z, Xu Y, Zhang J, Han L, Chai M, Wang ZY, Yang X, Lu S, Tong J, Xiao L, Wen J, Mysore KS, Zhou C. Roles of very long-chain fatty acids in compound leaf patterning in Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1751-1770. [PMID: 36617225 PMCID: PMC10022625 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cuticles are composed of hydrophobic cuticular waxes and cutin. Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are components of epidermal waxes and the plasma membrane and are involved in organ morphogenesis. By screening a barrelclover (Medicago truncatula) mutant population tagged by the transposable element of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell type1 (Tnt1), we identified two types of mutants with unopened flower phenotypes, named unopened flower1 (uof1) and uof2. Both UOF1 and UOF2 encode enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of VLCFAs and cuticular wax. Comparative analysis of the mutants indicated that the mutation in UOF1, but not UOF2, leads to the increased number of leaflets in M. truncatula. UOF1 was specifically expressed in the outermost cell layer (L1) of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf primordia. The uof1 mutants displayed defects in VLCFA-mediated plasma membrane integrity, resulting in the disordered localization of the PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) ortholog SMOOTH LEAF MARGIN1 (SLM1) in M. truncatula. Our work demonstrates that the UOF1-mediated biosynthesis of VLCFAs in L1 is critical for compound leaf patterning, which is associated with the polarization of the auxin efflux carrier in M. truncatula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhichao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yiteng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shiyou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Research Progress on the Leaf Morphology, Fruit Development and Plant Architecture of the Cucumber. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162128. [PMID: 36015432 PMCID: PMC9415855 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an annual climbing herb that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is one of the most important economic crops in the world. The breeding of cucumber varieties with excellent agronomic characteristics has gained more attention in recent years. The size and shape of the leaves or fruit and the plant architecture are important agronomic traits that influence crop management and productivity, thus determining the crop yields and consumer preferences. The growth of the plant is precisely regulated by both environmental stimuli and internal signals. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the plant morphological regulation of Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, our understanding of the control mechanisms of the growth and development of cucumber is still limited. This paper reviews the regulation of phytohormones in plant growth and expounds the latest progress in research regarding the genetic regulation pathways in leaf development, fruit size and shape, branching, and plant type in cucumber, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving cucumber productivity and cultivation efficiency.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cai M, Cheng W, Bai Y, Mu C, Zheng H, Cheng Z, Gao J. PheGRF4e initiated auxin signaling during moso bamboo shoot development. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8815-8825. [PMID: 35867290 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a ubiquitous acid-regulating protein family in eukaryotes, general regulatory factors (GRFs) are active in various life activities of plants. However, detailed investigations of the GRFs gene family in moso bamboo are scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS Genome-wide characteristics of the GRF gene family in moso bamboo were analyzed using the moso bamboo genome. GRF phylogeny, gene structure, conserved domains, cis-element promoters, and gene expression were systematically analyzed. A total of 20 GRF gene family members were identified in the moso bamboo genome. These genes were divided into ε and non-ε groups. qRT-PCR (real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) showed that PheGRF genes responded to auxin and gibberellin treatment. To further study PheGRF gene functions, a yeast two-hybrid experiment was performed and verified by a bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiment. The results showed that PheGRF4e could interact with PheIAA30 (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid, an Aux/IAA family gene), and both were found to act mainly on the root tip meristem and vascular bundle cells of developing shoots by in situ hybridization assay. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that PheGRF genes were involved in hormone response during moso bamboo shoot development, and the possible regulatory functions of PheGRF genes were enriched by the fact that PheGRF4e initiated auxin signaling by binding to PheIAA30.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Cai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yucong Bai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Changhong Mu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhanchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Y, Liu X, Guo W, Liu W, Shao W, Zhao J, Li J, Dong Q, Ma L, He Q, Li Y, Han J, Lei X. Testing the polar auxin transport model with a selective plasma membrane H + -ATPase inhibitor. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1229-1245. [PMID: 35352470 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is unique among plant hormones in that its function requires polarized transport across plant cells. A chemiosmotic model was proposed to explain how polar auxin transport is derived by the H+ gradient across the plasma membrane (PM) established by PM H+ -adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases). However, a classical genetic approach by mutations in PM H+ -ATPase members did not result in the ablation of polar auxin distribution, possibly due to functional redundancy in this gene family. To confirm the crucial role of PM H+ -ATPases in the polar auxin transport model, we employed a chemical genetic approach. Through a chemical screen, we identified protonstatin-1 (PS-1), a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PM H+ -ATPase activity that inhibits auxin transport. Assays with transgenic plants and yeast strains showed that the activity of PM H+ -ATPases affects auxin uptake as well as acropetal and basipetal polar auxin transport. We propose that PS-1 can be used as a tool to interrogate the function of PM H+ -ATPases. Our results support the chemiosmotic model in which PM H+ -ATPase itself plays a fundamental role in polar auxin transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Iomics Biosciences Inc., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qun He
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu C, Box MS, Thiruppathi D, Hu H, Yu Y, Martin C, Doust AN, McSteen P, Kellogg EA. Pleiotropic and nonredundant effects of an auxin importer in Setaria and maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:715-734. [PMID: 35285930 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.14.464408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Directional transport of auxin is critical for inflorescence and floral development in flowering plants, but the role of auxin influx carriers (AUX1 proteins) has been largely overlooked. Taking advantage of available AUX1 mutants in green millet (Setaria viridis) and maize (Zea mays), we uncover previously unreported aspects of plant development that are affected by auxin influx, including higher order branches in the inflorescence, stigma branch number, glume (floral bract) development, and plant fertility. However, disruption of auxin flux does not affect all parts of the plant, with little obvious effect on inflorescence meristem size, time to flowering, and anther morphology. In double mutant studies in maize, disruptions of ZmAUX1 also affect vegetative development. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged construct of the Setaria AUX1 protein Sparse Panicle1 (SPP1) under its native promoter showed that SPP1 localizes to the plasma membrane of outer tissue layers in both roots and inflorescences, and accumulates specifically in inflorescence branch meristems, consistent with the mutant phenotype and expected auxin maxima. RNA-seq analysis indicated that most gene expression modules are conserved between mutant and wild-type plants, with only a few hundred genes differentially expressed in spp1 inflorescences. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology, we disrupted SPP1 and the other four AUX1 homologs in S. viridis. SPP1 has a larger effect on inflorescence development than the others, although all contribute to plant height, tiller formation, and leaf and root development. The AUX1 importers are thus not fully redundant in S. viridis. Our detailed phenotypic characterization plus a stable GFP-tagged line offer tools for future dissection of the function of auxin influx proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmei Zhu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Mathew S Box
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Callista Martin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Andrew N Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu C, Box MS, Thiruppathi D, Hu H, Yu Y, Martin C, Doust AN, McSteen P, Kellogg EA. Pleiotropic and nonredundant effects of an auxin importer in Setaria and maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:715-734. [PMID: 35285930 PMCID: PMC9157071 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Directional transport of auxin is critical for inflorescence and floral development in flowering plants, but the role of auxin influx carriers (AUX1 proteins) has been largely overlooked. Taking advantage of available AUX1 mutants in green millet (Setaria viridis) and maize (Zea mays), we uncover previously unreported aspects of plant development that are affected by auxin influx, including higher order branches in the inflorescence, stigma branch number, glume (floral bract) development, and plant fertility. However, disruption of auxin flux does not affect all parts of the plant, with little obvious effect on inflorescence meristem size, time to flowering, and anther morphology. In double mutant studies in maize, disruptions of ZmAUX1 also affect vegetative development. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged construct of the Setaria AUX1 protein Sparse Panicle1 (SPP1) under its native promoter showed that SPP1 localizes to the plasma membrane of outer tissue layers in both roots and inflorescences, and accumulates specifically in inflorescence branch meristems, consistent with the mutant phenotype and expected auxin maxima. RNA-seq analysis indicated that most gene expression modules are conserved between mutant and wild-type plants, with only a few hundred genes differentially expressed in spp1 inflorescences. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology, we disrupted SPP1 and the other four AUX1 homologs in S. viridis. SPP1 has a larger effect on inflorescence development than the others, although all contribute to plant height, tiller formation, and leaf and root development. The AUX1 importers are thus not fully redundant in S. viridis. Our detailed phenotypic characterization plus a stable GFP-tagged line offer tools for future dissection of the function of auxin influx proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmei Zhu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Mathew S Box
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Callista Martin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Andrew N Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang G, Chen BX, Chen T, Chen JH, Lin XY, Yue XL, An LZ, Zhang H. BYPASS1-LIKE regulates lateral root initiation via exocytic vesicular trafficking-mediated PIN recycling in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:965-978. [PMID: 35249253 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and auxin-mediated signaling pathways are known to regulate lateral root development. Although exocytic vesicle trafficking plays an important role in recycling the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers and in polar auxin transport during lateral root formation, the mechanistic details of these processes are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that BYPASS1-LIKE (B1L) regulates lateral root initiation via exocytic vesicular trafficking-mediated PIN recycling in Arabidopsis thaliana. b1l mutants contained significantly more lateral roots than the wild type, primarily due to increased lateral root primordium initiation. Furthermore, the auxin signal was stronger in stage I lateral root primordia of b1l than in those of the wild type. Treatment with exogenous auxin and an auxin transport inhibitor indicated that the lateral root phenotype of b1l could be attributed to higher auxin levels and that B1L regulates auxin efflux. Indeed, compared to the wild type, C-terminally green fluorescent protein-tagged PIN1 and PIN3 accumulated at higher levels in b1l lateral root primordia. B1L interacted with the exocyst, and b1l showed defective PIN exocytosis. These observations indicate that B1L interacts with the exocyst to regulate PIN-mediated polar auxin transport and lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bi-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiu-Le Yue
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li-Zhe An
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Perkins ML, Schuetz M, Unda F, Chen KT, Bally MB, Kulkarni JA, Yan Y, Pico J, Castellarin SD, Mansfield SD, Samuels AL. Monolignol export by diffusion down a polymerization-induced concentration gradient. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2080-2095. [PMID: 35167693 PMCID: PMC9048961 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer, is a promising renewable energy source and chemical feedstock. A key element of lignin biosynthesis is unknown: how do lignin precursors (monolignols) get from inside the cell out to the cell wall where they are polymerized? Modeling indicates that monolignols can passively diffuse through lipid bilayers, but this has not been tested experimentally. We demonstrate significant monolignol diffusion occurs when laccases, which consume monolignols, are present on one side of the membrane. We hypothesize that lignin polymerization could deplete monomers in the wall, creating a concentration gradient driving monolignol diffusion. We developed a two-photon microscopy approach to visualize lignifying Arabidopsis thaliana root cells. Laccase mutants with reduced ability to form lignin polymer in the wall accumulated monolignols inside cells. In contrast, active transport inhibitors did not decrease lignin in the wall and scant intracellular phenolics were observed. Synthetic liposomes were engineered to encapsulate laccases, and monolignols crossed these pure lipid bilayers to form polymer within. A sink-driven diffusion mechanism explains why it has been difficult to identify genes encoding monolignol transporters and why the export of varied phenylpropanoids occurs without specificity. It also highlights an important role for cell wall oxidative enzymes in monolignol export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mendel L Perkins
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mathias Schuetz
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kent T Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yifan Yan
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joana Pico
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
PIN3 from Liriodendron May Function in Inflorescence Development and Root Elongation. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin, the first discovered phytohormone, is important for the growth and development of plants through the establishment of homeostasis and asymmetry. Here, we cloned the auxin transporter gene PIN-FORMED3 (PIN3) from the valuable timber tree hybrid Liriodendron (Liriodendron chinense × Liriodendron tulipifera). The gene contained a complete open reading frame of 1917 bp that encoded 638 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LhPIN3 exhibited the highest sequence similarity to the PIN3 of Vitis vinifera. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LhPIN3 was broadly expressed across different tissues/organs of Liriodendron, with the highest expression level in the roots. Heterologous overexpression of LhPIN3 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused considerable phenotypic changes, such as the root length and number of flowers. Genetic complementation of Arabidopsis pin1 mutants by LhPIN3, driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, fully restored the root length and number of flowers of the pin1 mutant. Overall, our findings reveal that LhPIN3 has similar capacities to regulate the root length and number of flowers of Arabidopsis with AtPIN1.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma X, Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Sun S, Li Y, Long Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li R, Tan L, Jiang L, Zhu JK, Li L. MAG2 and MAL Regulate Vesicle Trafficking and Auxin Homeostasis With Functional Redundancy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849532. [PMID: 35371137 PMCID: PMC8966843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a central phytohormone and controls almost all aspects of plant development and stress response. Auxin homeostasis is coordinately regulated by biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, conjugation, and deposition. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized MAIGO2 (MAG2) complex mediates tethering of arriving vesicles to the ER membrane, and it is crucial for ER export trafficking. Despite important regulatory roles of MAG2 in vesicle trafficking, the mag2 mutant had mild developmental abnormalities. MAG2 has one homolog protein, MAG2-Like (MAL), and the mal-1 mutant also had slight developmental phenotypes. In order to investigate MAG2 and MAL regulatory function in plant development, we generated the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. As expected, the double mutant exhibited serious developmental defects and more alteration in stress response compared with single mutants and wild type. Proteomic analysis revealed that signaling, metabolism, and stress response in mag2-1 mal-1 were affected, especially membrane trafficking and auxin biosynthesis, signaling, and transport. Biochemical and cell biological analysis indicated that the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant had more serious defects in vesicle transport than the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants. The auxin distribution and abundance of auxin transporters were altered significantly in the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants and mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. Our findings suggest that MAG2 and MAL regulate plant development and auxin homeostasis by controlling membrane trafficking, with functional redundancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengbiao Long
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Z, Song L, Liu Y, Han F, Liu W. Electrophysiological, Morphologic, and Transcriptomic Profiling of the Ogura-CMS, DGMS and Maintainer Broccoli Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:561. [PMID: 35214894 PMCID: PMC8880064 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To better serve breeding of broccoli, the electrophysiological, morphological and transcriptomic profiling of the isogenic Ogura-CMS, DGMS and their maintainer fertile lines, were carried out by scanning electron microscopy, investigation of agronomic traits and RNA-sequencing analysis. The agronomic traits of plant height, length of the largest leaf, plant spread angle, single head weight, head width and stem diameter showed stronger performance in Ogura-CMS broccoli than in DGMS line or maintainer fertile line. However, the Ogura-CMS broccoli was poorer in the seed yield and seed germination than in the DGMS line and maintainer fertile line. Additionally, the DGMS broccoli had longer maturation and flowering periods than the Ogura-CMS and maintainer fertile lines. There were obvious differences in the honey gland, happening in the male sterility and fertile lines of broccoli. Additionally, the mechanism regulating Ogura-CMS and DGMS in broccoli was investigated using florets transcriptome analyses of the Ogura-CMS, DGMS and maintainer fertile lines. As a result, a total of 2670 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, including 1054 up- and 1616 downregulated genes in the Ogura-CMS and DGMS lines compared to the maintainer fertile line. A number of functionally known genes involved in plant hormones (auxin, salicylic acid and brassinosteroid), five Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes of atp8, LOC106319879, LOC106324734, LOC106314622 and LOC106298585, and three upregulated genes (Lhcb1, Lhcb3 and Lhcb5) associated with the photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway, were obviously detected to be highly associated with reproductive development including flowering time, maturity and reproductive period in the Ogura-CMS and DGMS broccoli comparing to their maintainer fertile line. Our research would provide a comprehensive foundation for understanding the differences of electrophysiological, morphological and transcriptomic profiles in the Ogura-CMS, DGMS and maintainer broccoli, and as well as being beneficial to exploring the mechanism of male sterility in Brassica crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (F.H.)
- China Vegetable Biotechnology (Shouguang) Co., Ltd., Shouguang 262700, China;
| | - Lixiao Song
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Yumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Fengqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Wei Liu
- China Vegetable Biotechnology (Shouguang) Co., Ltd., Shouguang 262700, China;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Naramoto S, Hata Y, Fujita T, Kyozuka J. The bryophytes Physcomitrium patens and Marchantia polymorpha as model systems for studying evolutionary cell and developmental biology in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:228-246. [PMID: 34459922 PMCID: PMC8773975 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes are nonvascular spore-forming plants. Unlike in flowering plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes dominates the sporophyte (diploid) generation. A comparison of bryophytes with flowering plants allows us to answer some fundamental questions raised in evolutionary cell and developmental biology. The moss Physcomitrium patens was the first bryophyte with a sequenced genome. Many cell and developmental studies have been conducted in this species using gene targeting by homologous recombination. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has recently emerged as an excellent model system with low genomic redundancy in most of its regulatory pathways. With the development of molecular genetic tools such as efficient genome editing, both P. patens and M. polymorpha have provided many valuable insights. Here, we review these advances with a special focus on polarity formation at the cell and tissue levels. We examine current knowledge regarding the cellular mechanisms of polarized cell elongation and cell division, including symmetric and asymmetric cell division. We also examine the role of polar auxin transport in mosses and liverworts. Finally, we discuss the future of evolutionary cell and developmental biological studies in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Hata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marhava P. Recent developments in the understanding of PIN polarity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:624-630. [PMID: 34882802 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polar localization of PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) at the plasma membrane is essential for plant development as they direct the transport of phytohormone auxin between cells. PIN polar localization to certain sides of a given cell is dynamic, strictly regulated and provides directionality to auxin flow. Signals that act upstream to control subcellular PIN localization modulate auxin distribution, thereby regulating diverse aspects of plant development. Here I summarize the current understanding of mechanisms by which PIN polarity is established, maintained and rearranged to provide a glimpse into the complexity of PIN polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Marhava
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ju Y, Yuan J, Jones DS, Zhang W, Staiger CJ, Kessler SA. Polarized NORTIA accumulation in response to pollen tube arrival at synergids promotes fertilization. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2938-2951.e6. [PMID: 34672969 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Signal-mediated regulation of protein trafficking is an elegant mechanism for controlling the delivery of molecules to a precise location for critical signaling events that occur over short time frames. During plant reproduction, the FERONIA receptor complex is critical for intercellular communication that leads to gamete delivery; however, the impact of the FERONIA signal transduction cascade on protein trafficking in synergid cells remains unknown. Live imaging of pollen tube reception has revealed that a key outcome of FERONIA signaling is polar accumulation of the MLO protein NORTIA at the filiform apparatus in response to signals from an arriving pollen tube. Artificial delivery of NORTIA to the filiform apparatus is sufficient to bypass the FERONIA signaling pathway and to promote interspecific pollen tube reception. We propose that polar accumulation of NORTIA leads to the production of a secondary booster signal to ensure that pollen tubes burst to deliver the sperm cells for double fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ju
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel S Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christopher J Staiger
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sharon A Kessler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xie X, Wang Y, Datla R, Ren M. Auxin and Target of Rapamycin Spatiotemporally Regulate Root Organogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111357. [PMID: 34768785 PMCID: PMC8583787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The programs associated with embryonic roots (ERs), primary roots (PRs), lateral roots (LRs), and adventitious roots (ARs) play crucial roles in the growth and development of roots in plants. The root functions are involved in diverse processes such as water and nutrient absorption and their utilization, the storage of photosynthetic products, and stress tolerance. Hormones and signaling pathways play regulatory roles during root development. Among these, auxin is the most important hormone regulating root development. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway has also been shown to play a key role in root developmental programs. In this article, the milestones and influential progress of studying crosstalk between auxin and TOR during the development of ERs, PRs, LRs and ARs, as well as their functional implications in root morphogenesis, development, and architecture, are systematically summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Xie
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food Security in Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang L, Ma J, Liu H, Yi Q, Wang Y, Xing J, Zhang P, Ji S, Li M, Li J, Shen J, Lin J. SNARE proteins VAMP721 and VAMP722 mediate the post-Golgi trafficking required for auxin-mediated development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:426-440. [PMID: 34343378 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin controls many aspects of plant development. Membrane trafficking processes, such as secretion, endocytosis and recycling, regulate the polar localization of auxin transporters in order to establish an auxin concentration gradient. Here, we investigate the function of the Arabidopsis thaliana R-SNAREs VESICLE-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN 721 (VAMP721) and VAMP722 in the post-Golgi trafficking required for proper auxin distribution and seedling growth. We show that multiple growth phenotypes, such as cotyledon development, vein patterning and lateral root growth, were defective in the double homozygous vamp721 vamp722 mutant. Abnormal auxin distribution and root patterning were also observed in the mutant seedlings. Fluorescence imaging revealed that three auxin transporters, PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1), PIN2 and AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AUX1), aberrantly accumulate within the cytoplasm of the double mutant, impairing the polar localization at the plasma membrane (PM). Analysis of intracellular trafficking demonstrated the involvement of VAMP721 and VAMP722 in the endocytosis of FM4-64 and the secretion and recycling of the PIN2 transporter protein to the PM, but not its trafficking to the vacuole. Furthermore, vamp721 vamp722 mutant roots display enlarged trans-Golgi network (TGN) structures, as indicated by the subcellular localization of a variety of marker proteins and the ultrastructure observed using transmission electron microscopy. Thus, our results suggest that the R-SNAREs VAMP721 and VAMP722 mediate the post-Golgi trafficking of auxin transporters to the PM from the TGN subdomains, substantially contributing to plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qian Yi
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 457001, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shengdong Ji
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Song P, Xu H, Zhang J, Chen H, Li L, Qu Y, Lin F, Zhang Q. Functional analysis of indole 3-hexanoic acid as a novel auxin from Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2021; 254:69. [PMID: 34498125 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indole 3-hexanoic acid is a novel auxin and regulates plant growth and development. Auxin is a signaling molecule that influences most aspects of plant development. Although many small bioactive molecules have been developed as auxin analogues, naturally occurring auxin and the detailed mechanisms of its specific actions in plants remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, to screen auxin responses, we used a novel picolinate synthetic auxin, 3-indole hexanoic acid (IHA), which is similar in structure to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). IHA showed classical auxin activity in the regulation of root growth, gene expression, and PIN-FORMED abundance. Physiological and genetic analyses indicated that IHA may be perceived by the auxin receptor TIR1 and transported by the G-class ATP-binding cassette protein ABCG36 and its homolog ABCG37. Importantly, IHA was detected in planta and converted into IBA depending on the peroxisomal β-oxidation. Together, these findings reveal a novel auxin pathway component and suggest possible undiscovered modes of auxin metabolism regulation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yana Qu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bowman JL, Flores Sandoval E, Kato H. On the Evolutionary Origins of Land Plant Auxin Biology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a040048. [PMID: 33558368 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid, that is, auxin, is a molecule found in a broad phylogenetic distribution of organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes. In the ancestral land plant auxin was co-opted to be the paramount phytohormone mediating tropic responses and acting as a facilitator of developmental decisions throughout the life cycle. The evolutionary origins of land plant auxin biology genes can now be traced with reasonable clarity. Genes encoding the two enzymes of the land plant auxin biosynthetic pathway arose in the ancestral land plant by a combination of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria and possible neofunctionalization following gene duplication. Components of the auxin transcriptional signaling network have their origins in ancestral alga genes, with gene duplication and neofunctionalization of key domains allowing integration of a portion of the preexisting transcriptional network with auxin. Knowledge of the roles of orthologous genes in extant charophycean algae is lacking, but could illuminate the ancestral functions of both auxin and the co-opted transcriptional network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Herud-Sikimić O, Stiel AC, Kolb M, Shanmugaratnam S, Berendzen KW, Feldhaus C, Höcker B, Jürgens G. A biosensor for the direct visualization of auxin. Nature 2021; 592:768-772. [PMID: 33828298 PMCID: PMC8081663 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important regulatory small molecules in plants is indole-3-acetic acid, also known as auxin. Its dynamic redistribution has an essential role in almost every aspect of plant life, ranging from cell shape and division to organogenesis and responses to light and gravity1,2. So far, it has not been possible to directly determine the spatial and temporal distribution of auxin at a cellular resolution. Instead it is inferred from the visualization of irreversible processes that involve the endogenous auxin-response machinery3-7; however, such a system cannot detect transient changes. Here we report a genetically encoded biosensor for the quantitative in vivo visualization of auxin distribution. The sensor is based on the Escherichia coli tryptophan repressor8, the binding pocket of which is engineered to be specific to auxin. Coupling of the auxin-binding moiety with selected fluorescent proteins enables the use of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer signal as a readout. Unlike previous systems, this sensor enables direct monitoring of the rapid uptake and clearance of auxin by individual cells and within cell compartments in planta. By responding to the graded spatial distribution along the root axis and its perturbation by transport inhibitors-as well as the rapid and reversible redistribution of endogenous auxin in response to changes in gravity vectors-our sensor enables real-time monitoring of auxin concentrations at a (sub)cellular resolution and their spatial and temporal changes during the lifespan of a plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre C Stiel
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Kolb
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sooruban Shanmugaratnam
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kenneth W Berendzen
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Birte Höcker
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Gerd Jürgens
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ji G, Liang C, Cai Y, Pan Z, Meng Z, Li Y, Jia Y, Miao Y, Pei X, Gong W, Wang X, Gao Q, Peng Z, Wang L, Sun J, Geng X, Wang P, Chen B, Wang P, Zhu T, He S, Zhang R, Du X. A copy number variant at the HPDA-D12 locus confers compact plant architecture in cotton. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2091-2103. [PMID: 33129229 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Improving yield is a primary mission for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) breeders; development of cultivars with suitable architecture for high planting density (HPDA) can increase yield per unit area. We characterized a natural cotton mutant, AiSheng98 (AS98), which exhibits shorter height, shorter branch length, and more acute branch angle than wild-type. A copy number variant at the HPDA locus on Chromosome D12 (HPDA-D12), encoding a dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factor, GhDREB1B, strongly affects plant architecture in the AS98 mutant. We found an association between a tandem duplication of a c. 13.5 kb segment in HPDA-D12 and elevated GhDREB1B expression resulting in the AS98 mutant phenotype. GhDREB1B overexpression confers a significant decrease in plant height and branch length, and reduced branch angle. Our results suggest that fine-tuning GhDREB1B expression may be a viable engineering strategy for modification of plant architecture favorable to high planting density in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingfan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Xinxin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wenfang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Liru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Junling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoli Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shoupu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Genome-wide identification of polar auxin transporter gene families reveals a possible new polar auxin flow in inverted cuttings of Populus yunnanensis. Gene 2020; 772:145349. [PMID: 33338511 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inverted cuttings of Populus yunnanensis are characterized by enlarged stems and dwarfed new shoots, and phytohormones play a crucial role in the response to inversion. The polar auxin transport (PAT) system is distinct from the transport systems of other hormones and is controlled by three major transporter gene families: pin-formed (PIN), auxin-resistant/like aux (AUX/LAX) and ATP-binding cassette transporters of the B class (ABCB). Here, we identified these three families in P. trichocarpa, P. euphratica and P. yunnanensis through a genome-wide analysis. The Populus PIN, AUX/LAX and ABCB gene families comprised 15, 8 and 31 members, respectively. Most PAT genes in Populus and Arabidopsis were identified as clear sister pairs, and some had unique motifs. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the expression of most PAT genes was unrelated to cutting inversion and that only several genes showed altered expression when cuttings were inverted. The auxin content difference at positions was opposite in upright and inverted cutting bodies during rooting, which obeyed the original plant polarity. However, during plant growth, the two direction types exhibited similar auxin movements in the cutting bodies, and the opposite auxin changes were observed in new shoots. Four PAT genes with a positive response to cutting inversion, PyuPIN10, PyuPIN11, PyuLAX6 and PyuABCB27, showed diverse expression patterns between upright and inverted cuttings during rooting and plant growth. Furthermore, PAT gene expression retained its polarity, which differs from the results found for auxin flow during plant growth. The inconformity indicated that a new downward auxin flow in addition to the old upward flow might be established during the growth of inverted cuttings. Some highly polar PAT genes were involved in the maintenance of original auxin polarity, which might cause the enlarged stems of inverted cuttings. This work lays a foundation for understanding the roles of auxin transport in plant responses to inversion.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hao P, Xia J, Liu J, Di Donato M, Pakula K, Bailly A, Jasinski M, Geisler M. Auxin-transporting ABC transporters are defined by a conserved D/E-P motif regulated by a prolylisomerase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13094-13105. [PMID: 32699109 PMCID: PMC7489919 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin must be transported throughout plants in a cell-to-cell manner to affect its various physiological functions. ABCB transporters are critical for this polar auxin distribution, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling their function is not fully understood. The auxin transport activity of ABCB1 was suggested to be regulated by a physical interaction with FKBP42/Twisted Dwarf1 (TWD1), a peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), but all attempts to demonstrate such a PPIase activity by TWD1 have failed so far. By using a structure-based approach, we identified several surface-exposed proline residues in the nucleotide binding domain and linker of Arabidopsis ABCB1, mutations of which do not alter ABCB1 protein stability or location but do affect its transport activity. P1008 is part of a conserved signature D/E-P motif that seems to be specific for auxin-transporting ABCBs, which we now refer to as ATAs. Mutation of the acidic residue also abolishes auxin transport activity by ABCB1. All higher plant ABCBs for which auxin transport has been conclusively proven carry this conserved motif, underlining its predictive potential. Introduction of this D/E-P motif into malate importer, ABCB14, increases both its malate and its background auxin transport activity, suggesting that this motif has an impact on transport capacity. The D/E-P1008 motif is also important for ABCB1-TWD1 interactions and activation of ABCB1-mediated auxin transport by TWD1. In summary, our data imply a new function for TWD1 acting as a putative activator of ABCB-mediated auxin transport by cis-trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Pakula
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- Institute for Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Jasinski
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Uc-Chuc MA, Pérez-Hernández C, Galaz-Ávalos RM, Brito-Argaez L, Aguilar-Hernández V, Loyola-Vargas VM. YUCCA-Mediated Biosynthesis of the Auxin IAA Is Required during the Somatic Embryogenic Induction Process in Coffea canephora. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4751. [PMID: 32635392 PMCID: PMC7369726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of considerable research on somatic embryogenesis (SE), the molecular mechanism that regulates the biosynthesis of auxins during the SE induction process remains unknown. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an auxin that is synthesized in plants through five pathways. The biosynthetic pathway most frequently used in this synthesis is the conversion of tryptophan to indol-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) by tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis (TAA) followed by the conversion of IPA to IAA by enzymes encoded by YUCCA (YUC) genes of the flavin monooxygenase family; however, it is unclear whether YUC-mediated IAA biosynthesis is involved in SE induction. In this study, we report that the increase of IAA observed during SE pre-treatment (plants in MS medium supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.54 µM and kinetin (Kin) 2.32 µM for 14 days) was due to its de novo biosynthesis. By qRT-PCR, we demonstrated that YUC gene expression was consistent with the free IAA signal found in the explants during the induction of SE. In addition, the use of yucasin to inhibit the activity of YUC enzymes reduced the signal of free IAA in the leaf explants and dramatically decreased the induction of SE. The exogenous addition of IAA restored the SE process in explants treated with yucasin. Our findings suggest that the biosynthesis and localization of IAA play an essential role during the induction process of SE in Coffea canephora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Uc-Chuc
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
| | - Cleyre Pérez-Hernández
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
| | - Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
| | - Ligia Brito-Argaez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
| | - Víctor Aguilar-Hernández
- Catedrático CONACYT, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico;
| | - Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 344 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (M.A.U.-C.); (C.P.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (L.B.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Semeradova H, Montesinos JC, Benkova E. All Roads Lead to Auxin: Post-translational Regulation of Auxin Transport by Multiple Hormonal Pathways. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100048. [PMID: 33367243 PMCID: PMC7747973 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key hormonal regulator, that governs plant growth and development in concert with other hormonal pathways. The unique feature of auxin is its polar, cell-to-cell transport that leads to the formation of local auxin maxima and gradients, which coordinate initiation and patterning of plant organs. The molecular machinery mediating polar auxin transport is one of the important points of interaction with other hormones. Multiple hormonal pathways converge at the regulation of auxin transport and form a regulatory network that integrates various developmental and environmental inputs to steer plant development. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that underlie regulation of polar auxin transport by multiple hormonal pathways. Specifically, we focus on the post-translational mechanisms that contribute to fine-tuning of the abundance and polarity of auxin transporters at the plasma membrane and thereby enable rapid modification of the auxin flow to coordinate plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Semeradova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Eva Benkova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rath M, Dümmer M, Galland P, Forreiter C. A gravitropic stimulus alters the distribution of EHB1, a negative effector of root gravitropism in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00215. [PMID: 32318652 PMCID: PMC7171323 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis gravitropism is affected by two antagonistically interacting proteins, AGD12 (ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR GTPase-ACTIVATING PROTEIN) and EHB1 (ENHANCED BENDING 1). While AGD12 enhances gravitropic bending, EHB1 functions as a negative element. To further characterize their cellular function, we analyzed the location of AGD12-GFP and EHB1-GFP fusion proteins in the root apex by confocal laser-scanning microscopy after gravitropic stimulation. For this purpose, a novel method of microscopic visualization was developed with the objective and root axes aligned allowing an improved and comparable discernment of the fluorescence gradient across the columella. In vertical roots, both proteins were localized symmetrically and occurred preferentially in the outer layers of the columella. After reorienting roots horizontally, EHB1-GFP accumulated in the upper cell layers of the columella, that is, opposite to the gravity vector. The gravity-induced EHB1-GFP asymmetry disappeared after reorienting the roots back into the vertical position. No such asymmetry occurred with AGD12-GFP. Our findings reveal that after a gravitropic stimulus the cellular ratio between EHB1 and AGD12 is affected differently in the upper and lower part of the root. Its impact as a significant signaling event that ultimately affects the redirection of the lateral auxin flux toward the lower site of the root is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rath
- Fachbereich BiologiePhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Michaela Dümmer
- Fachbereich BiologiePhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Paul Galland
- Fachbereich BiologiePhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Christoph Forreiter
- Fachbereich BiologiePhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Institut für BiologieUniversität SiegenSiegenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Genome-Wide Identification of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family and Their Expression Analysis during Flower Development of Osmanthus fragrans. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Auxins have long been implicated in many aspects of plant growth and development. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important proteins in auxin-mediated pathways and they play key roles in plant physiological and biochemical processes, including flower development. Endogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) levels were measured and ARFs were studied in the flowers during the developmental stages in order to further elucidate the role of auxin in flower development of Osmanthus fragrans. A systematic analysis of OfARFs was conducted by carrying out a genome-wide search of ARFs. A total of 50 ARF genes (OfARFs) were detected and validated from the Osmanthus fragrans genome. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the OfARFs was undertaken, including phylogenetic relationship, gene structures, conserved domains, motifs, promoters, chromosome locations, gene duplications, and subcellular locations of the gene product. Finally, expression profiling, while using transcriptome sequencing from a previous study and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), revealed that many OfARF genes have different expression levels in various tissues and flower developmental stages. By comparing the expression profiles among the flower developmental stages, and the relationship between ARFs and endogenous IAA levels, it can be supposed that OfARFs function in flower development of O. fragrans in an auxin-mediated pathway.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tan S, Abas M, Verstraeten I, Glanc M, Molnár G, Hajný J, Lasák P, Petřík I, Russinova E, Petrášek J, Novák O, Pospíšil J, Friml J. Salicylic Acid Targets Protein Phosphatase 2A to Attenuate Growth in Plants. Curr Biol 2020; 30:381-395.e8. [PMID: 31956021 PMCID: PMC6997888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants, like other multicellular organisms, survive through a delicate balance between growth and defense against pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) is a major defense signal in plants, and the perception mechanism as well as downstream signaling activating the immune response are known. Here, we identify a parallel SA signaling that mediates growth attenuation. SA directly binds to A subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), inhibiting activity of this complex. Among PP2A targets, the PIN2 auxin transporter is hyperphosphorylated in response to SA, leading to changed activity of this important growth regulator. Accordingly, auxin transport and auxin-mediated root development, including growth, gravitropic response, and lateral root organogenesis, are inhibited. This study reveals how SA, besides activating immunity, concomitantly attenuates growth through crosstalk with the auxin distribution network. Further analysis of this dual role of SA and characterization of additional SA-regulated PP2A targets will provide further insights into mechanisms maintaining a balance between growth and defense. SA modulates root development independently of NPR1-mediated canonical signaling SA attenuates growth through crosstalk with the auxin transport network SA upregulates the phosphorylation status of PIN auxin efflux carriers through PP2A SA directly targets A subunits of PP2A, inhibiting the activity of the complex
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Melinda Abas
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Matouš Glanc
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Gergely Molnár
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakub Hajný
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Lasák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Retzer K, Akhmanova M, Konstantinova N, Malínská K, Leitner J, Petrášek J, Luschnig C. Brassinosteroid signaling delimits root gravitropism via sorting of the Arabidopsis PIN2 auxin transporter. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5516. [PMID: 31797871 PMCID: PMC6892858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis PIN2 protein directs transport of the phytohormone auxin from the root tip into the root elongation zone. Variation in hormone transport, which depends on a delicate interplay between PIN2 sorting to and from polar plasma membrane domains, determines root growth. By employing a constitutively degraded version of PIN2, we identify brassinolides as antagonists of PIN2 endocytosis. This response does not require de novo protein synthesis, but involves early events in canonical brassinolide signaling. Brassinolide-controlled adjustments in PIN2 sorting and intracellular distribution governs formation of a lateral PIN2 gradient in gravistimulated roots, coinciding with adjustments in auxin signaling and directional root growth. Strikingly, simulations indicate that PIN2 gradient formation is no prerequisite for root bending but rather dampens asymmetric auxin flow and signaling. Crosstalk between brassinolide signaling and endocytic PIN2 sorting, thus, appears essential for determining the rate of gravity-induced root curvature via attenuation of differential cell elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Retzer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263 Praha 6, 165 02, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Akhmanova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nataliia Konstantinova
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Kateřina Malínská
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263 Praha 6, 165 02, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Leitner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Wien, Austria
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263 Praha 6, 165 02, Praha, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44, Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang L, Xing J, Lin J. At the intersection of exocytosis and endocytosis in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:1479-1489. [PMID: 31230354 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis control the activities and turnover of plasma membrane proteins required for signaling triggering or attenuating at the cell surface. In recent years, the diverse exocytic and endocytic trafficking pathways have been uncovered in plants. The balance between conventional and unconventional protein secretion provides an efficient strategy to respond to stress conditions. Similarly, clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis cooperatively regulate the dynamics of membrane proteins in response to environmental cues. In fact, many aspects of plant growth and development, such as tip growth, immune response, and protein polarity establishment, involve the tight deployment of exo-endocytic trafficking. However, our understanding of their intersection is limited. Here, we discuss recent advances in the molecular factors coupling plant exo-endocytic trafficking and the biological significance of balance between exocytosis and endocytosis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 457001, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gronnier J, Legrand A, Loquet A, Habenstein B, Germain V, Mongrand S. Mechanisms governing subcompartmentalization of biological membranes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:114-123. [PMID: 31546133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membranes show a tremendous variety of lipids and proteins operating biochemistry, transport and signalling. The dynamics and the organization of membrane constituents are regulated in space and time to execute precise functions. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that shape and govern membrane subcompartmentalization and inter-organelle contact sites still remains limited. Here, we review some reported mechanisms implicated in regulating plant membrane domains including those of plasma membrane, plastids, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we discuss several state-of-the-art methods that allow nowadays researchers to decipher the architecture of these structures at the molecular and atomic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Legrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mateo-Bonmatí E, Casanova-Sáez R, Ljung K. Epigenetic Regulation of Auxin Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100623. [PMID: 31635281 PMCID: PMC6843323 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation involves a myriad of mechanisms that regulate the expression of loci without altering the DNA sequence. These different mechanisms primarily result in modifications of the chromatin topology or DNA chemical structure that can be heritable or transient as a dynamic response to environmental cues. The phytohormone auxin plays an important role in almost every aspect of plant life via gradient formation. Auxin maxima/minima result from a complex balance of metabolism, transport, and signaling. Although epigenetic regulation of gene expression during development has been known for decades, the specific mechanisms behind the spatiotemporal dynamics of auxin levels in plants are only just being elucidated. In this review, we gather current knowledge on the epigenetic mechanisms regulating the expression of genes for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolism and transport in Arabidopsis and discuss future perspectives of this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Rubén Casanova-Sáez
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Han Y, Yong X, Yu J, Cheng T, Wang J, Yang W, Pan H, Zhang Q. Identification of Candidate Adaxial-Abaxial-Related Genes Regulating Petal Expansion During Flower Opening in Rosa chinensis "Old Blush". FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1098. [PMID: 31552079 PMCID: PMC6747050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Petal expansion is the main process by which flower opening occurs in roses (Rosa chinensis). Although the regulation of leaf expansion has been extensively studied, little is known about the mechanisms controlling petal expansion. The regulation of leaf dorsoventral (adaxial-abaxial) polarity is important for blade expansion and morphogenesis, but the mechanisms involved adaxial-abaxial regulation in petals are unknown. We found that auxin, a key hormonal regulator of leaf adaxial-abaxial patterning, is unevenly distributed in rose petals. The transcriptomes of the adaxial and abaxial petal tissues were sequenced at three developmental stages during flower opening. Genes that were differentially expressed between the two tissues were filtered for those known to be involved in petal expansion and phytohormone biosynthesis, transport, and signaling, revealing potential roles in petal expansion, especially auxin pathway genes. Using a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified two gene modules that may involve in adaxial-abaxial regulation, 21 and five hub genes have been found respectively. The qRT-PCR validation results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Based on these findings, we propose a simple network of adaxial-abaxial-related genes that regulates petal expansion in R. chinensis "Old Blush." For the first time, we report the adaxial-abaxial transcriptional changes that occur during petal expansion, providing a reference for the study of the regulation of polarity in plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiru Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huitang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sauer M, Kleine-Vehn J. PIN-FORMED and PIN-LIKES auxin transport facilitators. Development 2019; 146:146/15/dev168088. [PMID: 31371525 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin influences virtually all aspects of plant growth and development. Auxin transport across membranes is facilitated by, among other proteins, members of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) and the structurally similar PIN-LIKES (PILS) families, which together govern directional cell-to-cell transport and intracellular accumulation of auxin. Canonical PIN proteins, which exhibit a polar localization in the plasma membrane, determine many patterning and directional growth responses. Conversely, the less-studied non-canonical PINs and PILS proteins, which mostly localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, attenuate cellular auxin responses. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we provide a brief summary of current knowledge of the structure, evolution, function and regulation of these auxin transport facilitators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sauer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Doyle SM, Rigal A, Grones P, Karady M, Barange DK, Majda M, Pařízková B, Karampelias M, Zwiewka M, Pěnčík A, Almqvist F, Ljung K, Novák O, Robert S. A role for the auxin precursor anthranilic acid in root gravitropism via regulation of PIN-FORMED protein polarity and relocalisation in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1420-1432. [PMID: 31038751 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
distribution of auxin within plant tissues is of great importance for developmental plasticity, including root gravitropic growth. Auxin flow is directed by the subcellular polar distribution and dynamic relocalisation of auxin transporters such as the PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers, which can be influenced by the main natural plant auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Anthranilic acid (AA) is an important early precursor of IAA and previously published studies with AA analogues have suggested that AA may also regulate PIN localisation. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model species, we studied an AA-deficient mutant displaying agravitropic root growth, treated seedlings with AA and AA analogues and transformed lines to over-produce AA while inhibiting its conversion to downstream IAA precursors. We showed that AA rescues root gravitropic growth in the AA-deficient mutant at concentrations that do not rescue IAA levels. Overproduction of AA affects root gravitropism without affecting IAA levels. Treatments with, or deficiency in, AA result in defects in PIN polarity and gravistimulus-induced PIN relocalisation in root cells. Our results revealed a previously unknown role for AA in the regulation of PIN subcellular localisation and dynamics involved in root gravitropism, which is independent of its better known role in IAA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siamsa M Doyle
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Adeline Rigal
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Grones
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michal Karady
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Deepak K Barange
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mateusz Majda
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barbora Pařízková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany at The Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science at Palacký University, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Karampelias
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Zwiewka
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Almqvist
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zwiewka M, Bilanovičová V, Seifu YW, Nodzyński T. The Nuts and Bolts of PIN Auxin Efflux Carriers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:985. [PMID: 31417597 PMCID: PMC6685051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific proteins named PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers facilitate the direction of auxin flow and thus play a vital role in the establishment of local auxin maxima within plant tissues that subsequently guide plant ontogenesis. They are membrane integral proteins with two hydrophobic regions consisting of alpha-helices linked with a hydrophilic loop, which is usually longer for the plasma membrane-localized PINs. The hydrophilic loop harbors molecular cues important for the subcellular localization and thus auxin efflux function of those transporters. The three-dimensional structure of PIN has not been solved yet. However, there are scattered but substantial data concerning the functional characterization of amino acid strings that constitute these carriers. These sequences include motifs vital for vesicular trafficking, residues regulating membrane diffusion, cellular polar localization, and activity of PINs. Here, we summarize those bits of information striving to provide a reference to structural motifs that have been investigated experimentally hoping to stimulate the efforts toward unraveling of PIN structure-function connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomasz Nodzyński
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Comparative Analysis of the PIN Auxin Transporter Gene Family in Different Plant Species: A Focus on Structural and Expression Profiling of PINs in Solanum tuberosum. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133270. [PMID: 31277248 PMCID: PMC6650889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and morphogenesis largely benefit from cell elongation and expansion and are normally regulated by environmental stimuli and endogenous hormones. Auxin, as one of the most significant plant growth regulators, controls various phases of plant growth and development. The PIN-FORMED (PIN) gene family of trans-membrane proteins considered as auxin efflux carriers plays a pivotal role in polar auxin transport and then mediates the growth of different plant tissues. In this study, the phylogenetic relationship and structural compositions of the PIN gene family in 19 plant species covering plant major lineages from algae to angiosperms were identified and analyzed by employing multiple bioinformatics methods. A total of 155 PIN genes were identified in these species and found that representative of the PIN gene family in algae came into existence and rapidly expanded in angiosperms (seed plants). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the PIN proteins could be divided into 14 distinct clades, and the origin of PIN proteins could be traced back to the common ancestor of green algae. The structural analysis revealed that two putative types (canonical and noncanonical PINs) existed among the PIN proteins according to the length and the composition of the hydrophilic domain of the protein. The expression analysis of the PIN genes exhibited inordinate responsiveness to auxin (IAA) and ABA both in shoots and roots of Solanum tuberosum. While the majority of the StPINs were up-regulated in shoot and down-regulated in root by the two hormones. The majority of PIN genes had one or more putative auxin responses and ABA-inducible response elements in their promoter regions, respectively, implying that these phytohormones regulated the expression of StPIN genes. Our study emphasized the origin and expansion of the PIN gene family and aimed at providing useful insights for further structural and functional exploration of the PIN gene family in the future.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kosakivska I, Romanenko K, Voytenko L, Vasyuk V, Shcherbatiuk M, Shcherbatiuk M. Hormonal complex of gametophytes of Dryopteris filix-mas (Dryopteridaceae) in in vitro culture. UKRAINIAN BOTANICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ukrbotj76.03.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
44
|
Jiang J, Xing F, Zeng X, Zou Q. Investigating Maize Yield-Related Genes in Multiple Omics Interaction Network Data. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 19:142-151. [PMID: 31170079 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2920419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Zea mays (maize) is the highest yielding food crop globally, feeding large numbers of people across the planet. It is thus especially important to explore the key genes that affect maize production with prior knowledge. Merging multiple datasets of different types can improve the accuracy of candidate genes prediction results, so we constructed interaction networks using gene, mRNA, protein, and expression profile datasets. A network propagation schedule was used considering combined scores obtained by integrating both network scores and significance scores for each candidate gene based on the guilt-by-association principle. An SVM model was used to optimize the weighted parameters to achieve more reliable results, according to the accuracy of label classification. We found that integrating multiple omics data with more data types improves the reliability of the results. We investigated the GO terms particularly associated with the top 100 candidate genes and the known genes, and analyzed the roles that these genes play in determining the phenotype of maize. We hope that the candidate genes identified here will provide a biological perspective and contribute to maize breeding research.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen X, Li L, Xu B, Zhao S, Lu P, He Y, Ye T, Feng YQ, Wu Y. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C2 functions in auxin-modulated root development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1441-1457. [PMID: 30496625 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nine phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases C (PLCs) have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome; among the importance of PLC2 in reproductive development is significant. However, the role of PLC2 in vegetative development such as in root growth is elusive. Here, we report that plc2 mutants displayed multiple auxin-defective phenotypes in root development, including short primary root, impaired root gravitropism, and inhibited root hair growth. The DR5:GUS expression and the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, as well as the responses of a set of auxin-related genes to exogenous IAA treatment, were all decreased in plc2 seedlings, suggesting the influence of PLC2 on auxin accumulation and signalling. The root elongation of plc2 mutants was less sensitive to the high concentration of exogenous auxins, and the application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid or the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid could rescue the root hair growth of plc2 mutants. In addition, the PIN2 polarity and cycling in plc2 root epidermis cells were altered. These results demonstrate a critical role of PLC2 in auxin-mediated root development in Arabidopsis, in which PLC2 influences the polar distribution of PIN2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Buxian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Piaoying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Geisler M. Seeing is better than believing: visualization of membrane transport in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 46:104-112. [PMID: 30253307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the plant transport field has shifted their research focus toward a more integrative investigation of transport networks thought to provide the basis for long-range transport routes. Substantial progress was provided by of a series of elegant techniques that allow for a visualization or prediction of substrate movements in plant tissues in contrast to established quantitative methods offering low spatial resolution. These methods are critically evaluated in respect to their spatio-temporal resolution, invasiveness, dynamics and overall quality. Current limitations of transport route predictions-based on transporter locations and transport modeling are addressed. Finally, the potential of new tools that have not yet been fully implemented into plant research is indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Geisler
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Serra L, Arnaud N, Selka F, Rechenmann C, Andrey P, Laufs P. Heterogeneity and its multiscale integration in plant morphogenesis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 46:18-24. [PMID: 30015106 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity is observed at all levels in living organisms, but its role during the development of an individual is not well understood. Heterogeneity has either to be limited to ensure robust development or can be an actor of the biological processes leading to reproducible development. Here we review the sources of heterogeneity in plants, stress the interplay between noise in elementary processes and regulated biological mechanisms, and highlight how heterogeneity is integrated at multiple scales during plant morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léo Serra
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Faïçal Selka
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Catherine Rechenmann
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Andrey
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Advances in Understanding the Mechanism of Action of the Auxin Permease AUX1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113391. [PMID: 30380696 PMCID: PMC6275028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In over 40 years of research on the cellular uptake of auxin it is somewhat chastening that we have elaborated so little on the original kinetic descriptions of auxin uptake by plant cells made by Rubery and Sheldrake in 1974. Every aspect of that seminal work has been investigated in detail, and the uptake activity they measured is now known to be attributed to the AUX1/LAX family of permeases. Recent pharmacological studies have defined the substrate specificity of AUX1, biochemical studies have evaluated its permeability to auxin in plant cell membranes, and rigourous kinetic studies have confirmed the affinity of AUX1 for IAA and synthetic auxins. Advances in genome sequencing have provided a rich resource for informatic analysis of the ancestry of AUX1 and the LAX proteins and, along with models of topology, suggest mechanistic links to families of eukaryotic proton co-transporters for which crystal structures have been presented. The insights gained from all the accumulated research reflect the brilliance of Rubery and Sheldrake’s early work, but recent biochemical analyses are starting to advance further our understanding of this vitally important family of auxin transport proteins.
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhou JJ, Luo J. The PIN-FORMED Auxin Efflux Carriers in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2759. [PMID: 30223430 PMCID: PMC6164769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin plays crucial roles in multiple developmental processes, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, cell determination and division, as well as tropic responses. These processes are finely coordinated by the auxin, which requires the polar distribution of auxin within tissues and cells. The intercellular directionality of auxin flow is closely related to the asymmetric subcellular location of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters. All PIN proteins have a conserved structure with a central hydrophilic loop domain, which harbors several phosphosites targeted by a set of protein kinases. The activities of PIN proteins are finely regulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous stimuli at multiple layers-including transcriptional and epigenetic levels, post-transcriptional modifications, subcellular trafficking, as well as PINs' recycling and turnover-to facilitate the developmental processes in an auxin gradient-dependent manner. Here, the recent advances in the structure, evolution, regulation and functions of PIN proteins in plants will be discussed. The information provided by this review will shed new light on the asymmetric auxin-distribution-dependent development processes mediated by PIN transporters in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Korver RA, Koevoets IT, Testerink C. Out of Shape During Stress: A Key Role for Auxin. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:783-793. [PMID: 29914722 PMCID: PMC6121082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In most abiotic stress conditions, including salinity and water deficit, the developmental plasticity of the plant root is regulated by the phytohormone auxin. Changes in auxin concentration are often attributed to changes in shoot-derived long-distance auxin flow. However, recent evidence suggests important contributions by short-distance auxin transport from local storage and local auxin biosynthesis, conjugation, and oxidation during abiotic stress. We discuss here current knowledge on long-distance auxin transport in stress responses, and subsequently debate how short-distance auxin transport and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolism play a role in influencing eventual auxin accumulation and signaling patterns. Our analysis stresses the importance of considering all these components together and highlights the use of mathematical modeling for predictions of plant physiological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruud A Korver
- University of Amsterdam, Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, 6708PB Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iko T Koevoets
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, 6708PB Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, 6708PB Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|