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Kamal H, Zafar MM, Parvaiz A, Razzaq A, Elhindi KM, Ercisli S, Qiao F, Jiang X. Gossypium hirsutum calmodulin-like protein (CML 11) interaction with geminivirus encoded protein using bioinformatics and molecular techniques. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132095. [PMID: 38710255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Plant viruses are the most abundant destructive agents that exist in every ecosystem, causing severe diseases in multiple crops worldwide. Currently, a major gap is present in computational biology determining plant viruses interaction with its host. We lay out a strategy to extract virus-host protein interactions using various protein binding and interface methods for Geminiviridae, a second largest virus family. Using this approach, transcriptional activator protein (TrAP/C2) encoded by Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) and Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMV) showed strong binding affinity with calmodulin-like (CML) protein of Gossypium hirsutum (Gh-CML11). Higher negative value for the change in Gibbs free energy between TrAP and Gh-CML11 indicated strong binding affinity. Consensus from gene ontology database and in-silico nuclear localization signal (NLS) tools identified subcellular localization of TrAP in the nucleus associated with Gh-CML11 for virus infection. Data based on interaction prediction and docking methods present evidences that full length and truncated C2 strongly binds with Gh-CML11. This computational data was further validated with molecular results collected from yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation system and pull down assay. In this work, we also show the outcomes of full length and truncated TrAP on plant machinery. This is a first extensive report to delineate a role of CML protein from cotton with begomoviruses encoded transcription activator protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Kamal
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Muhammad Mubashar Zafar
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Aqsa Parvaiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan. Pakistan
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan..
| | - Khalid M Elhindi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fei Qiao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Xuefei Jiang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China..
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Wang C, Luan S. Calcium homeostasis and signaling in plant immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 77:102485. [PMID: 38043138 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling consists of three steps: (1) initiation of a change in cellular Ca2+ concentration in response to a stimulus, (2) recognition of the change through direct binding of Ca2+ by its sensors, (3) transduction of the signal to elicit downstream responses. Recent studies have uncovered a central role for Ca2+ signaling in both layers of immune responses initiated by plasma membrane (PM) and intracellular receptors, respectively. These advances in our understanding are attributed to several lines of research, including invention of genetically-encoded Ca2+ reporters for the recording of intracellular Ca2+ signals, identification of Ca2+ channels and their gating mechanisms, and functional analysis of Ca2+ binding proteins (Ca2+ sensors). This review analyzes the recent literature that illustrates the importance of Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling in plant innate immunity, featuring intricate Ca2+dependent positive and negative regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Zhong L, Shi Y, Xu S, Xie S, Huang X, Li Y, Qu C, Liu J, Liao J, Huang Y, Liang Y. Heterologous overexpression of heat shock protein 20 genes of different species of yellow Camellia in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals their roles in high calcium resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38163899 PMCID: PMC10759694 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Yellow Camellia (Camellia sect. chrysantha) is a rare ornamental plant and an important germplasm resource globally. Camellia nitidissima thrives in normal acidic soils, while Camellia limonia can adapt to the calcareous soils found in karst areas. Our previous study on the karst adaptation of yellow camellias revealed that the expression levels of heat shock protein 20(HSP20) were higher in Camellia limonia than in Camellia nitidissima. However, the functions of the HSP20 gene of Camellia limonia remain unclear to data. In this study, the HSP20 genes of Camellia limonia (ClHSP20-OE lines) and Camellia. nitidissima (CnHSP20-OE lines) were cloned and overexpressed heterologously in Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we overexpressed the HSP20 gene of Arabidopsis (AtHSP20-OE lines) was also overexpressed, and the T-DNA inserted mutants (athspmutant lines) were also used to determine the functions of HSP20 genes. Under high calcium stress, the chlorophyll, nitrogen, water content and humidity of leaves were increased in ClHSP20-OE lines, while those of other lines were declined. The size of the stomatal apertures, stomatal conductance, and the photosynthetic efficiency of ClHSP20-OE lines were higher than those of the other lines. However, the accumulation of H2O2 and O2- in the leaves of ClHSP20-OE lines was the lowest among all the lines. Energy spectrum scanning revealed that the percentage of calcium on the surfaces of the leaves of ClHSP20-OE lines was relatively low, while that of athspmutant lines was the highest. The ClHSP20 gene can also affected soil humidity and the contents of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expressions of FBA5 and AT5G10770 in ClHSP20-OE lines was significantly up-regulated compared to that of CnHSP20-OE lines. Compared to that of athspmutant lines, the expressions of DREB1A and AT3G30460 was significantly upregulated in AtHSP20-OE lines, and the expression of POL was down-regulated. Our findings suggest that the HSP20 gene plays a crucial role in maintained photosynthetic rate and normal metabolism by regulating the expression of key genes under high-calcium stress. This study elucidates the mechanisms underlying the karst adaptation in Camellia. limonia and provides novel insights for future research on karst plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuxing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shaolei Xu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xinhui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Chaofan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jialin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yang Huang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China.
| | - Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
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Iqbal A, Aslam S, Ahmed M, Khan F, Ali Q, Han S. Role of Actin Dynamics and GhACTIN1 Gene in Cotton Fiber Development: A Prototypical Cell for Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1642. [PMID: 37628693 PMCID: PMC10454433 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton crop is considered valuable for its fiber and seed oil. Cotton fiber is a single-celled outgrowth from the ovule epidermis, and it is a very dynamic cell for study. It has four distinct but overlapping developmental stages: initiation, elongation, secondary cell wall synthesis, and maturation. Among the various qualitative characteristics of cotton fiber, the important ones are the cotton fiber staple length, tensile strength, micronaire values, and fiber maturity. Actin dynamics are known to play an important role in fiber elongation and maturation. The current review gives an insight into the cotton fiber developmental stages, the qualitative traits associated with cotton fiber, and the set of genes involved in regulating these developmental stages and fiber traits. This review also highlights some prospects for how biotechnological approaches can improve cotton fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Iqbal
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China;
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Sibgha Aslam
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Government Boys College Sokasan, Higher Education Department, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bhimber 10040, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 33001, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shiming Han
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China;
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Li X, Wang L, Cui Y, Liu C, Liu Y, Lu L, Luo M. The cotton protein GhIQD21 interacts with GhCaM7 and modulates organ morphogenesis in Arabidopsis by influencing microtubule stability. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1025-1038. [PMID: 37010557 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GhIQD21, a cotton IQ67-domain protein, interacts with GhCaM7 and alters organ shape in Arabidopsis by modulating microtubule stability. Calcium ion (Ca2+) and the calcium sensor calmodulin play crucial roles in the growth and development of plants. GhCaM7, a calmodulin in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), is highly expressed in cotton fiber cells during the rapid elongation period and plays an important role in fiber cell development. In this study, we screened for GhCaM7-interacting proteins and identified GhIQD21, which contains a typical IQ67-domain. GhIQD21 was preferentially expressed at the fiber rapid elongation stage, and the protein localized to microtubules (MTs). Ectopic expression of GhIQD21 in Arabidopsis resulted in shorter leaves, petals, siliques, and plant height, thicker inflorescences, and more trichomes when compared with wild type (WT). Further investigation indicated that the morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells and silique cells was altered. There was less consistency in the orientation of cortical microtubules in cotyledon and hypocotyl epidermal cells. Furthermore, compared with WT, transgenic seedling hypocotyls were more sensitive to oryzalin, a MT depolymerization drug. These results indicated that GhIQD21 is a GhCaM7-interacting protein located in MTs and that it plays a role in plant growth and potentially cotton fiber development. This study provides a foundation for further studies of the function and regulatory mechanism of GhIQD21 in fiber cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yupeng Cui
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Lili Lu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, Hainan, China.
| | - Ming Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Dharmateja P, Yadav R, Kumar M, Babu P, Jain N, Mandal PK, Pandey R, Shrivastava M, Gaikwad KB, Bainsla NK, Tomar V, Sugumar S, Saifi N, Ranjan R. Genome-wide association studies reveal putative QTLs for physiological traits under contrasting phosphorous conditions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 2022; 13:984720. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.984720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Genome-wide association (GWAS) study was conducted for phosphorous (P)-use responsive physiological traits in bread wheat at the seedling stage under contrasting P regimes. A panel of 158 diverse advanced breeding lines and released varieties, and a set of 10,800 filtered single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to study marker-trait associations over the eight shoot traits. Principle component analysis separated the two environments (P regimes) because of the differential response of the traits indicating the essentiality of the separate breeding programmes for each environment. Significant variations for genotypic, environmental, and genotype × environment (GEI) effects were observed for all the traits in the combined analysis of variance with moderately high broad sense heritability traits (0.50–0.73). With the different algorithms of association mapping viz., BLINK, FarmCPU, and MLM, 38 unique QTLs under non-limiting P (NLP) and 45 QTLs for limiting P (LP) conditions for various shoot traits were identified. Some of these QTLs were captured by all three algorithms. Interestingly, a Q.iari.dt.sdw.1 on chromosome 1D was found to explain the significant variations in three important physiological traits under non-limiting phosphorus (NLP) conditions. We identified the putative candidate genes for QTLs namely Q.iari.dt.chl.1, Q.iari.dt.sdw.16, Q.iari.dt.sdw.9 and Q.iari.dt.tpc.1 which are potentially involved in the mechanism regulating phosphorus use efficiency through improved P absorption due to improved root architectural traits and better mobilization such as sulfotransferase involved in postembryonic root development, WALLS ARE THIN1 (WAT1), a plant-specific protein that facilitates auxin export; lectin receptor-like kinase essentially involved in plant development, stress response during germination and lateral root development and F-box component of the SKP-Cullin-F box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and strigolactone signal perception. Expression profiling of putative genes located in identified genomic regions against the wheat expression atlas revealed their significance based on the expression of these genes for stress response and growth development processes in wheat. Our results thus provide an important insight into understanding the genetic basis for improving PUE under phosphorus stress conditions and can shape the future breeding programme by developing and integrating molecular markers for these difficult-to-score important traits.
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Yang L, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Shang L, Wang Q, Hong S, Ma Q, Gu C. Identification of CAMTA Gene Family in Heimia myrtifolia and Expression Analysis under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3031. [PMID: 36432758 PMCID: PMC9698416 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-binding transcription factor (CAMTA) is an important component of plant hormone signal transduction, development, and drought resistance. Based on previous transcriptome data, drought resistance genes of the Heimia myrtifolia CAMTA transcription factor family were predicted in this study. The physicochemical characteristics of amino acids, subcellular localization, transmembrane structure, GO enrichment, and expression patterns were also examined. The results revealed that H. myrtifolia has a total of ten members (HmCAMTA1~10). Phylogenetic tree analysis of the HmCAMTA gene family revealed four different branches. The amino acid composition of CAMTA from H. myrtifolia and Punica granatum was quite similar. In addition, qRT-PCR data showed that the expression levels of HmCAMTA1, HmCAMTA2, and HmCAMTA10 genes increased with the deepening of drought, and the peak values appeared in the T4 treatment. Therefore, it is speculated that the above four genes are involved in the response of H. myrtifolia to drought stress. Additionally, HmCAMTA gene expression was shown to be more abundant in roots and leaves than in other tissues according to tissue-specific expression patterns. This study can be used to learn more about the function of CAMTA family genes and the drought tolerance response mechanism in H. myrtifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guozhe Zhang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Linxue Shang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Sidan Hong
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingqing Ma
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Cuihua Gu
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Guo M, Hou J, Li C, Qu L, Huang R, Liu J, Ge Y. Acibenzolar-S-methyl activates calcium signalling to mediate lignin synthesis in the exocarp of Docteur Jules Guyot pears. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:174-183. [PMID: 36116226 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
'Docteur Jules Guyot' pears were immersed in acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and 0.01 mol L-1 ethyl glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA) to investigate the changes of Ca2+ receptor proteins and phenylpropanoid pathway. Results showed that ASM treatment increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in the exocarp of pears, whereas EGTA pre-treatment inhibited the activities of these enzymes. ASM treatment also enhanced the transcription of PcPAL, PcC4H, Pc4CL, PcC3H, PcCOMT, PcCCoAOMT, PcCCR, PcPOD, PcCDPK1, PcCDPK2, PcCDPK5, PcCDPK11, PcCDPK13, PcCBL1, PcCBL9, PcCIPK14, and PcCML27 in pears. EGTA + ASM treatments inhibited the transcription of PcPAL, PcC4H, Pc4CL, PcC3H, PcCCR, PcF5H, PcCAD, PcCDPK11, PcCDPK26, PcCDPK32, PcCBL1, PcCIPK14, PcCIPK23, and PcCaM in the fruit. All these results indicated that ASM induced the gene expressions of Ca2+ receptor proteins, the key enzyme activities and gene expressions in phenylpropanoid pathway; Ca2+ mediated phenylpropane metabolism in pears after ASM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
| | - Linhong Qu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
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9
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Ketehouli T, Nguyen Quoc VH, Dong J, Do H, Li X, Wang F. Overview of the roles of calcium sensors in plants’ response to osmotic stress signalling. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:589-599. [PMID: 35339206 DOI: 10.1071/fp22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signals serve an important function as secondary messengers between cells in various biological processes due to their robust homeostatic mechanism, maintaining an intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. Plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress are all regulated by Ca2+ signals. Ca2+ binding proteins decode and convey the messages encoded by Ca2+ ions. In the presence of high quantities of Mg2+ and monovalent cations, such sensors bind to Ca2+ ions and modify their conformation in a Ca2+ -dependent manner. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), calmodulins (CaMs), and calcineurin B-like proteins are all calcium sensors (CBLs). To transmit Ca2+ signals, CPKs, CBLs, and CaMs interact with target proteins and regulate the expression of their genes. These target proteins may be protein kinases, metabolic enzymes, or cytoskeletal-associated proteins. Beyond its role in plant nutrition as a macroelement and its involvement in the plant cell wall structure, calcium modulates many aspects of development, growth and adaptation to environmental constraints such as drought, salinity and osmotic stresses. This review summarises current knowledge on calcium sensors in plant responses to osmotic stress signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toi Ketehouli
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Viet Hoang Nguyen Quoc
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jinye Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hoaithuong Do
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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10
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Iqbal Z, Memon AG, Ahmad A, Iqbal MS. Calcium Mediated Cold Acclimation in Plants: Underlying Signaling and Molecular Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855559. [PMID: 35574126 PMCID: PMC9094111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of plants to low temperatures adversely affects plant growth, development, and productivity. Plant response to cold stress is an intricate process that involves the orchestration of various physiological, signaling, biochemical, and molecular pathways. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a crucial role in the acquisition of several stress responses, including cold. Upon perception of cold stress, Ca2+ channels and/or Ca2+ pumps are activated, which induces the Ca2+ signatures in plant cells. The Ca2+ signatures spatially and temporally act inside a plant cell and are eventually decoded by specific Ca2+ sensors. This series of events results in the molecular regulation of several transcription factors (TFs), leading to downstream gene expression and withdrawal of an appropriate response by the plant. In this context, calmodulin binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) constitute a group of TFs that regulate plant cold stress responses in a Ca2+ dependent manner. The present review provides a catalog of the recent progress made in comprehending the Ca2+ mediated cold acclimation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Iqbal
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anjuman Gul Memon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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11
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Hu WJ, Liu TW, Zhu CQ, Wu Q, Chen L, Lu HL, Jiang CK, Wei J, Shen GX, Zheng HL. Physiological, Proteomic Analysis, and Calcium-Related Gene Expression Reveal Taxus wallichiana var. mairei Adaptability to Acid Rain Stress Under Various Calcium Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845107. [PMID: 35386672 PMCID: PMC8978443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the serious environmental problems worldwide, acid rain (AR) has always caused continuous damage to the forestry ecosystem. Studies have shown that AR can leach calcium ions from plants and soil. Calcium (Ca) is also a crucial regulator of the plant stress response, whereas there are few reports on how Ca regulates the response of AR-resistant woody plants to AR stress. In this study, by setting different exogenous Ca levels, we study the physiological and molecular mechanism of Ca in regulating the Taxus wallichiana var. mairei response to AR stress. Our results showed that low Ca level leads to photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system decreases in T. wallichiana var. mairei leaves; however, these negative effects could be reversed at high Ca level. In addition, proteomic analyses identified 44 differentially expressed proteins in different Ca level treatments of T. wallichiana var. mairei under AR stress. These proteins were classified into seven groups, which include metabolic process, photosynthesis and energy pathway, cell rescue and defense, transcription and translation, protein modification and degradation, signal transduction, etc. Furthermore, the study found that low Ca level leads to an obvious increase of Ca-related gene expression under AR stress in T. wallichiana var. mairei using qRT-PCR analyses and however can be reversed at high Ca level. These findings would enrich and extend the Ca signaling pathways of AR stress in AR-resistant woody plants and are expected to have important theoretical and practical significance in revealing the mechanism of woody plants tolerating AR stress and protecting forestry ecosystem in soil environment under different Ca levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Wu Liu
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Chun-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ling Lu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Kai Jiang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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12
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Wang F, Chen S, Cai K, Lu Z, Yang Y, Tigabu M, Zhao X. Transcriptome sequencing and gene expression profiling of Pinus sibirica under different cold stresses. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:550-563. [PMID: 35087319 PMCID: PMC8784350 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a major abiotic factor that affects plant growth and geographical distribution. Pinus sibirica is extremely frigostable tree species. To understand the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance by P. sibirica, physiological responses were analyzed and transcriptome profiling was conducted to the plants treated by cold stress. The physiological data showed that membrane permeability relative conductivity (REC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA) content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to cold stress. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 871, 1397 and 872 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after cold treatment for 6 h, 24 h and 48 h at -20°C, respectively. The signaling pathway mediated by Ca2+ as a signaling molecule and abscisic acid pathways were the main cold signal transduction pathways in P. sibirica. The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) and MYB transcription factor families also play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of P. sibirica. In addition, many genes related to photosynthesis were differentially expressed under cold stress. We also validated the reliability of transcriptome data with quantitative real-time PCR. This study lays the foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms related to cold responses in P. sibirica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jinlin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Kewei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Jinlin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- Jinlin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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13
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Zheng S, Su M, Wang L, Zhang T, Wang J, Xie H, Wu X, Haq SIU, Qiu QS. Small signaling molecules in plant response to cold stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153534. [PMID: 34601338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the harsh environmental stresses that adversely affect plant growth and crop yields in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, plants have evolved mechanisms to overcome the impact of cold stress. Progress has been made in understanding how plants perceive and transduce low-temperature signals to tolerate cold stress. Small signaling molecules are crucial for cellular signal transduction by initiating the downstream signaling cascade that helps plants to respond to cold stress. These small signaling molecules include calcium, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, phosphatidic acid, and sphingolipids. The small signaling molecules are involved in many aspects of cellular and physiological functions, such as inducing gene expression and activating hormone signaling, resulting in upregulation of the antioxidant enzyme activities, osmoprotectant accumulation, malondialdehyde reduction, and photosynthesis improvement. We summarize our current understanding of the roles of the small signaling molecules in cold stress in plants, and highlight their crosstalk in cold signaling transduction. These discoveries help us understand how the plateau plants adapt to the severe alpine environment as well as to develop new crops tolerating cold stress in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Min Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tengguo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Xuexia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Syed Inzimam Ul Haq
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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14
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Liu C, Huang Y, Wu F, Liu W, Ning Y, Huang Z, Tang S, Liang Y. Plant adaptability in karst regions. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:889-906. [PMID: 34258691 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Karst ecosystems are formed by dissolution of soluble rocks, usually with conspicuous landscape features, such as sharp peaks, steep slopes and deep valleys. The plants in karst regions develop special adaptability. Here, we reviewed the research progresses on plant adaptability in karst regions, including drought, high temperature and light, high-calcium stresses responses and the strategies of water utilization for plants, soil nutrients impact, human interference and geographical traits on karst plants. Drought, high temperature and light change their physiological and morphological structures to adapt to karst environments. High-calcium and soil nutrients can transfer surplus nutrients to special parts of plants to avoid damage of high nutrient concentration. Therefore, karst plants can make better use of limited water. Human interference also affects geographical distribution of karst plants and their growing environment. All of these aspects may be analyzed to provide guidance and suggestions for related research on plant adaptability mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Yang Huang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Yiqiu Ning
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Zhenrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China.
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15
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Lee HJ, Seo PJ. Ca 2+talyzing Initial Responses to Environmental Stresses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:849-870. [PMID: 33706981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved stress-sensing machineries that initiate rapid adaptive environmental stress responses. Cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+) is the most prominent second messenger that couples extracellular signals with specific intracellular responses. Essential early events that generate a cytosolic Ca2+ spike in response to environmental stress are starting to emerge. We review sensory machineries, including ion channels and transporters, which perceive various stress stimuli and allow cytosolic Ca2+ influx. We highlight integrative roles of Ca2+ channels in plant responses to various environmental stresses, as well as possible interplay of Ca2+ with other early signaling components, which facilitates signal propagation for systemic spread and spatiotemporal variations in respect to external cues. The early Ca2+ signaling schemes inspire the identification of additional stress sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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16
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Iwasaki Y, Itoh T, Hagi Y, Matsuta S, Nishiyama A, Chaya G, Kobayashi Y, Miura K, Komatsu S. Proteomics Analysis of Plasma Membrane Fractions of the Root, Leaf, and Flower of Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196988. [PMID: 32977500 PMCID: PMC7583858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane regulates biological processes such as ion transport, signal transduction, endocytosis, and cell differentiation/proliferation. To understand the functional characteristics and organ specificity of plasma membranes, plasma membrane protein fractions from rice root, etiolated leaf, green leaf, developing leaf sheath, and flower were analyzed by proteomics. Among the proteins identified, 511 were commonly accumulated in the five organs, whereas 270, 132, 359, 146, and 149 proteins were specifically accumulated in the root, etiolated leaf, green leaf, developing leaf sheath, and developing flower, respectively. The principle component analysis revealed that the functions of the plasma membrane in the root was different from those of green and etiolated leaves and that the plasma membrane protein composition of the leaf sheath was similar to that of the flower, but not that of the green leaf. Functional classification revealed that the root plasma membrane has more transport-related proteins than the leaf plasma membrane. Furthermore, the leaf sheath and flower plasma membranes were found to be richer in proteins involved in signaling and cell function than the green leaf plasma membrane. To validate the proteomics data, immunoblot analysis was carried out, focusing on four heterotrimeric G protein subunits, Gα, Gβ, Gγ1, and Gγ2. All subunits could be detected by both methods and, in particular, Gγ1 and Gγ2 required concentration by immunoprecipitation for mass spectrometry detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimoto Iwasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (G.C.); (Y.K.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.I.); (S.K.); Tel.: +81-776-61-6000 (ext. 3514) (Y.I.); +81-776-29-2466 (S.K.)
| | - Takafumi Itoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (G.C.); (Y.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Yusuke Hagi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (G.C.); (Y.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Sakura Matsuta
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (G.C.); (Y.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Aki Nishiyama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (G.C.); (Y.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Genki Chaya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (G.C.); (Y.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (G.C.); (Y.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Kotaro Miura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (G.C.); (Y.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Department of Environmental and Food Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.I.); (S.K.); Tel.: +81-776-61-6000 (ext. 3514) (Y.I.); +81-776-29-2466 (S.K.)
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17
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Abstract
Drought is a severe environmental constraint, which significantly affects plant growth, productivity, and quality. Plants have developed specific mechanisms that perceive the stress signals and respond to external environmental changes via different mitigation strategies. Abscisic acid (ABA), being one of the phytohormones, serves as an important signaling mediator for plants’ adaptive response to a variety of environmental stresses. ABA triggers many physiological processes, including bud dormancy, seed germination, stomatal closure, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. The site of its biosynthesis and action must be clarified to understand the signaling network of ABA. Various studies have documented multiple sites for ABA biosynthesis, their transporter proteins in the plasma membrane, and several components of ABA-dependent signaling pathways, suggesting that the ABA response to external stresses is a complex networking mechanism. Knowing about stress signals and responses will increase our ability to enhance crop stress tolerance through the use of various advanced techniques. This review will elaborate on the ABA biosynthesis, transportation, and signaling pathways at the molecular level in response to drought stress, which will add a new insight for future studies.
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18
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Mwando E, Angessa TT, Han Y, Li C. Salinity tolerance in barley during germination- homologs and potential genes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:93-121. [PMID: 32115909 PMCID: PMC7076347 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salinity affects more than 6% of the world's total land area, causing massive losses in crop yield. Salinity inhibits plant growth and development through osmotic and ionic stresses; however, some plants exhibit adaptations through osmotic regulation, exclusion, and translocation of accumulated Na+ or Cl-. Currently, there are no practical, economically viable methods for managing salinity, so the best practice is to grow crops with improved tolerance. Germination is the stage in a plant's life cycle most adversely affected by salinity. Barley, the fourth most important cereal crop in the world, has outstanding salinity tolerance, relative to other cereal crops. Here, we review the genetics of salinity tolerance in barley during germination by summarizing reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and functional genes. The homologs of candidate genes for salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis, soybean, maize, wheat, and rice have been blasted and mapped on the barley reference genome. The genetic diversity of three reported functional gene families for salt tolerance during barley germination, namely dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) protein, somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase and aquaporin genes, is discussed. While all three gene families show great diversity in most plant species, the DREB gene family is more diverse in barley than in wheat and rice. Further to this review, a convenient method for screening for salinity tolerance at germination is needed, and the mechanisms of action of the genes involved in salt tolerance need to be identified, validated, and transferred to commercial cultivars for field production in saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Mwando
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Yong Han
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
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19
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Hu J, Ren B, Dong S, Liu P, Zhao B, Zhang J. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals that exogenous 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) improves the defense system activity of waterlogged summer maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:44. [PMID: 31996151 PMCID: PMC6988316 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenous 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) could improve leaf defense system activity. In order to better understand the regulation mechanism of exogenous 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) on waterlogged summer maize, three treatments including control (CK), waterlogging at the third leaf stage for 6 days (V3-6), and application of 100 mg dm- 3 6-BA after waterlogging for 6 days (V3-6-B), were employed using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material. We used a labeling liquid chromatography-based quantitative proteomics approach with tandem mass tags to determine the changes in leaf protein abundance level at the tasseling stage. RESULTS Waterlogging significantly hindered plant growth and decreased the activities of SOD, POD and CAT. In addition, the activity of LOX was significantly increased after waterlogging. As a result, the content of MDA and H2O2 was significantly increased which incurred serious damages on cell membrane and cellular metabolism of summer maize. And, the leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yield were significantly decreased by waterlogging. However, application of 6-BA effectively mitigated these adverse effects induced by waterlogging. Compared with V3-6, SOD, POD and CAT activity of V3-6-B were increased by 6.9, 12.4, and 18.5%, LOX were decreased by 13.6%. As a consequence, the contents of MDA and H2O2 in V3-6-B were decreased by 22.1 and 17.2%, respectively, compared to that of V3-6. In addition, the leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yield were significantly increased by application of 6-BA. Based on proteomics profiling, the proteins involved in protein metabolism, ROS scavenging and fatty acid metabolism were significantly regulated by 6-BA, which suggested that application of 6-BA exaggerated the defensive response of summer maize at proteomic level. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that 6-BA had contrastive effects on waterlogged summer maize. By regulating key proteins related to ROS scavenging and fatty acid metabolism, 6-BA effectively increased the defense system activity of waterlogged summer maize, then balanced the protein metabolism and improved the plant physiological traits and grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baizhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
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20
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Su W, Huang L, Ling H, Mao H, Huang N, Su Y, Ren Y, Wang D, Xu L, Muhammad K, Que Y. Sugarcane calcineurin B-like (CBL) genes play important but versatile roles in regulation of responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:167. [PMID: 31932662 PMCID: PMC6957512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Free calcium ions are common second messengers in plant cells. The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) is a special calcium sensor that plays an important role in plant growth and stress response. In this study, we obtained three CBL genes (GenBank accession nos. KX013374, KX013375, and KX013376) from sugarcane variety ROC22. The open reading frames of ScCBL genes ranged from 642 to 678 base pairs in length and encoded polypeptides from 213 to 225 amino acids in length. ScCBL2-1, ScCBL3-1, and ScCBL4 were all located in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. ScCBL2-1 and ScCBL3-1 expression was up-regulated by treatment with salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium chloride (NaCl), or copper chloride (CuCl2). ScCBL4 expression was down-regulated in response to all of these stresses (abscisic acid (ABA), SA, MeJA, and NaCl) except for H2O2, calcium chloride (CaCl2), PEG, and CuCl2. Expression in Escherichia coli BL21 cells showed that ScCBLs can enhance tolerance to NaCl or copper stress. Overexpression of ScCBLs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves promoted their resistance to infection with the tobacco pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. The results from the present study facilitate further research regarding ScCBL genes, and in particular, their roles in the response to various stresses in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huaying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongjuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dongjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Khushi Muhammad
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugarcane Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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Wang F, Chen S, Liang D, Qu GZ, Chen S, Zhao X. Transcriptomic analyses of Pinus koraiensis under different cold stresses. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:10. [PMID: 31900194 PMCID: PMC6942419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pinus koraiensis is an evergreen tree species with strong cold resistance. However, the transcriptomic patterns in response to cold stress are poorly understood for P. koraiensis. In this study, global transcriptome profiles were generated for P. koraiensis under cold stress (− 20 °C) over time by high-throughput sequencing. Results More than 763 million clean reads were produced, which assembled into a nonredundant data set of 123,445 unigenes. Among them, 38,905 unigenes had homology with known genes, 18,239 were assigned to 54 gene ontology (GO) categories and 18,909 were assigned to 25 clusters of orthologous groups (COG) categories. Comparison of transcriptomes of P. koraiensis seedlings grown at room temperature (20 °C) and low temperature (− 20 °C) revealed 9842 differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the 6 h sample, 9250 in the 24 h sample, and 9697 in the 48 h sample. The number of DEGs in the pairwise comparisons of 6 h, 24 h and 48 h was relatively small. The accuracy of the RNA-seq was validated by analyzing the expression patterns of 12 DEGs by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In this study, 34 DEGs (22 upregulated and 12 downregulated) were involved in the perception and transmission of cold signals, 96 DEGs (41 upregulated and 55 downregulated) encoding 8 transcription factors that regulated cold-related genes expression, and 27 DEGs (17 upregulated and 10 downregulated) were involved in antioxidant mechanisms in response to cold stress. Among them, the expression levels of c63631_g1 (annexin D1), c65620_g1 (alpha-amylase isozyme 3C), c61970_g1 (calcium-binding protein KIC), c51736_g1 (ABA), c58408_g1 (DREB3), c66599_g1 (DREB3), c67548_g2 (SOD), c55044_g1 (CAT), c71938_g2 (CAT) and c11358_g1 (GPX) first increased significantly and then decreased significantly with the extension of stress time. Conclusions A large number of DEGs were identified in P. koraiensis under cold stress, especially the DEGs involved in the perception and transmission of cold signals, the DEGs encoding TFs related to cold regulation and the DEGs removing ROS in antioxidation mechanisms. The transcriptome and digital expression profiling of P. koraiensis could facilitate the understanding of the molecular control mechanism related to cold responses and provide the basis for the molecular breeding of conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Zheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Liu S, Yu A, Yang C, Chen X, Liu J, Wang A. Identification and Functional Analysis of Tomato CIPK Gene Family. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E110. [PMID: 31877938 PMCID: PMC6981861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase (CIPK) protein family is a critical protein family in plant signaling pathways mediated by Ca2+, playing a pivotal role in plant stress response and growth. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study of the tomato CIPK gene family in response to abiotic stress has been reported. In this study, 22 members of the tomato CIPK gene family were successfully identified by using a combination of bioinformatics techniques and molecular analyses. The expression level of each member of tomato CIPK gene family under abiotic stress (low temperature, high salt, drought treatment) was determined by qRT-PCR. Results indicated that tomato CIPK demonstrated different degrees of responding to various abiotic stresses, and changes in SlCIPK1 and SlCIPK8 expression level were relatively apparent. The results of qRT-PCR showed that expression levels of SlCIPK1 increased significantly in early stages of cold stress, and the expression level of SlCIPK8 increased significantly during the three treatments at different time points, implicating Solanum lycopersicum CIPK1(SlCIPK1) and Solanum lycopersicum CIPK8 (SlCIPK8) involvement in abiotic stress response. SlCIPK1 and SlCIPK8 were silenced using Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and physiological indexes were detected by low temperature, drought, and high salt treatment. The results showed that plants silenced by SlCIPK1 and SlCIPK8 at the later stage of cold stress were significantly less resistant to cold than wild-type plants. SlCIPK1 and SlCIPK8 silenced plants had poor drought resistance, indicating a relationship between SlCIPK1 and SlCIPK8 with response to low temperature and drought resistance. This is the first study to uncover the nucleotide sequence for tomato CIPK family members and systematically study the changes of tomato CIPK family members under abiotic stress. Here, we investigate the CIPK family's response under abiotic stress providing understanding into the signal transduction pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the function of tomato CIPK at low temperature and its molecular mechanism of regulating low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (A.Y.)
| | - Xi’nan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (A.Y.)
| | - Siyuan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Anzhou Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (A.Y.)
| | - Chuanming Yang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Xiuling Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Jiayin Liu
- College of Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (A.Y.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
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Luo H, Zhou T, Kong X, Tao M, Zhang J, Wang W, Jiang L, Yu L, Yu Z. iTRAQ-based mitochondrial proteome analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying postharvest senescence of Zizania latifolia. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13053. [PMID: 31583724 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying postharvest senescence of Zizania latifolia, the changes in the mitochondrial proteome of plants treated with or without (control) 1-methyleyelopropene and ethylene during storage at room temperature for 0, 3 and 6 days were investigated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling combined with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 1,390 proteins with two or more peptides were identified, of which 211 showed a significant (p < .05) change (at least twofold) in relative abundance. Monitoring the parallel reaction validated the reliability and accuracy of the iTRAQ results. Bioinformatics and functional analysis of these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) revealed that postharvest senescence of Z. latifolia could be attributed to (a) strengthened pentose phosphate pathway, (b) imbalanced protein, amino acid, organic acid, and fatty acid metabolism, (c) disordered energy homeostasis, (d) exacerbated oxidative damage, (e) RNA degradation, (f) activation of the Ca2+ , mitogen-activated protein kinase, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways, (g) programed cell death, (h) excessive biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, or (i) degradation of cell structure. Our findings provide integrated insight into the molecular mechanisms of postharvest senescence during storage as well as the DEPs that show promise as targets for controlling senescence-induced quality deterioration of Z. latifolia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Postharvest senescence is the most important factor that causes fast quality deterioration of Zizania latifolia. The understanding of the processes leading to postharvest senescence of Z. latifolia is essential in enhancing the commercial value and extending the shelf life of the product. It is currently believed that the mitochondrial metabolism is closely related to postharvest senescence. For this, the changes of proteome in Z. latifolia mitochondria treated with or without (control) 1-MCP and ETH during storage at room temperature were investigated. Results showed that a variety of physiobiochemical responses occur during postharvest senescence of Z. latifolia. 1-MCP treatment significantly inhibited the changes of these physiobiochemical processes, finally, retarding the postharvest senescence of Z. latifolia. ETH treatment had opposite effects on proteome changes compared with 1-MCP treatment. Taken together, these results enrich the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of postharvest senescence of Z. latifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Kong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Mingxuan Tao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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24
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Evaluation of the effects of humic acids on maize root architecture by label-free proteomics analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12019. [PMID: 31427667 PMCID: PMC6700139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances have been widely used as plant growth promoters to improve the yield of agricultural crops. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Root soluble protein profiles in plants 11 days after planting and cultivated with and without humic acids (HA, 50 mg CL-1), were analyzed using the label-free quantitative proteomic approach. Cultivation of maize with HA resulted in higher fresh weight of roots than in untreated plants (control). Plants treated with HA showed increased number, diameter and length of roots. In the proteomics analysis, differences were detected in the following categories: energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, cellular transport, conformation and degradation of proteins, and DNA replication. Thirty-four proteins were significantly more abundant in the seedlings treated with HA, whereas only nine proteins were abundant in the control. The effects on root architecture, such as the induction of lateral roots and biomass increase were accompanied by changes in the energy metabolism-associated proteins. The results show that the main effect of HA is protective, mainly associated with increased expression of the 2-cys peroxidase, putative VHS/GAT, and glutathione proteins. Indeed, these proteins had the highest fold-difference. Overall, these results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HA-promoted plant growth.
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25
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Nunes RO, Domiciano GA, Alves WS, Melo ACA, Nogueira FCS, Canellas LP, Olivares FL, Zingali RB, Soares MR. Evaluation of the effects of humic acids on maize root architecture by label-free proteomics analysis. Sci Rep 2019. [PMID: 31427667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48509-48502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances have been widely used as plant growth promoters to improve the yield of agricultural crops. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Root soluble protein profiles in plants 11 days after planting and cultivated with and without humic acids (HA, 50 mg CL-1), were analyzed using the label-free quantitative proteomic approach. Cultivation of maize with HA resulted in higher fresh weight of roots than in untreated plants (control). Plants treated with HA showed increased number, diameter and length of roots. In the proteomics analysis, differences were detected in the following categories: energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, cellular transport, conformation and degradation of proteins, and DNA replication. Thirty-four proteins were significantly more abundant in the seedlings treated with HA, whereas only nine proteins were abundant in the control. The effects on root architecture, such as the induction of lateral roots and biomass increase were accompanied by changes in the energy metabolism-associated proteins. The results show that the main effect of HA is protective, mainly associated with increased expression of the 2-cys peroxidase, putative VHS/GAT, and glutathione proteins. Indeed, these proteins had the highest fold-difference. Overall, these results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HA-promoted plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Oliveira Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselli Abrahão Domiciano
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilber Sousa Alves
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Amaral Melo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Cesar Sousa Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pasqualoto Canellas
- Biological Inputs to Agriculture Development Center, State University of Northern of Rio de Janeiro, UENF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lopes Olivares
- Biological Inputs to Agriculture Development Center, State University of Northern of Rio de Janeiro, UENF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Medical Biochemistry Institute Leopoldo De Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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26
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Wu B, Gao L, Sun Y, Wu M, Wang D, Wei J, Wang G, Wu W, Xiao J, Wang X, He P. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Hevea brasiliensis Latex under Ethylene and Calcium Stimulation. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:834-847. [PMID: 31203792 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190614105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium ions usually act as a second messenger in the signal transmission process and a major element required by plants. In Hevea, calcium ion could alleviate the negative effects of long-term ethylene application to a certain extent. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to determine the pattern of protein changes in latex after treatments with calcium and/or ethylene. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of some proteins and genes. STRING software was used to determine the protein-protein interaction network of the identified proteins. RESULTS Comparative proteomics identified 145 differentially expressed proteins, which represented 103 unique proteins. The abundance change patterns of some proteins involved in signal transduction, rubber particle aggregation, and natural rubber biosynthesis were altered upon calcium stimulation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 29 proteins showed that gene expression did not always maintain the same trend as protein expression. The increased enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase suggested that calcium can enhance the antistress ability of plants by increasing the activity of their antioxidant enzyme systems. CONCLUSION These results supplement the rubber latex proteome, and provide evidence for investigating the molecular mechanisms by which calcium alleviates the negative effects of ethylene stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsun Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Le Gao
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Min Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Jiashao Wei
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Wenguan Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Junhan Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Peng He
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
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Makokha P, Matasyoh LG, Ssali RT, Kiplagat OK, Wanjala BW, Low J. Optimization of nutrient media for sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) vine multiplication in sandponics: Unlocking the adoption and utilization of improved varieties. Gates Open Res 2018; 2:59. [PMID: 31363713 PMCID: PMC6635673 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12879.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sweetpotato, being a vegetatively propagated crop is prone to seed degeneration, and a continuous source for high quality sweetpotato seed is critical for an efficient seed system. In most Sub-Saharan African countries, the National Agricultural Research Systems use tissue culture to produce limited quantity of pre-basic sweetpotato seed which is then used as starting material to maintain and produce basic seed in mini-screen houses, net tunnels or open field multiplication in low-virus pressure areas by either the private seed companies or vine multipliers. Soil is the predominant media for pre-basic seed multiplication. Multiplying pre-basic sweetpotato seed in sand with fertigation, also known as 'sandponics' is a possible opportunity towards sustainable production of pre-basic sweetpotato seed. It would be beneficial to examine the feasibility and the potential to replace soil system with 'sandponics' for growing pre-basic sweetpotato seed. Methods: Pot experiments were conducted to study how sweetpotato vine propagation is affected by sequentially omitting nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, sulfur and boron from fertilizer applications on cv. Kabode. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with five levels of the factor fertilizer, replicated four times with two blocks. The effect of fertilization of nitrogen at (0, 100, 150, 200 & 250), phosphorus at (0, 30, 60, 90 & 120), calcium at (0, 100, 200, 300 & 400), sulfur at (0, 30, 60, 90 & 120) and boron at (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 & 0.4) ppm on sweetpotato vegetative growth parameters was measured 45 days after planting. Results: The obtained results showed that application of 200, 60, 200, 120 and 0.3 ppm of N, P, Ca, S and B respectively recorded the highest values in sweetpotato vegetative growth parameters. Conclusions: These results imply that pre-basic sweetpotato vine yields in sandponics could be increased by using this optimized media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phabian Makokha
- International Potato Center, Nairobi, Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya
| | - Lexa G. Matasyoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Reuben T. Ssali
- International Potato Center, Kampala, Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda
| | | | | | - Jan Low
- International Potato Center, Nairobi, Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya
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Shi S, Li S, Asim M, Mao J, Xu D, Ullah Z, Liu G, Wang Q, Liu H. The Arabidopsis Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs) and Their Roles in Plant Growth Regulation and Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1900. [PMID: 29958430 PMCID: PMC6073581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a ubiquitous secondary messenger in plant signaling systems, calcium ions (Ca2+) play essential roles in plant growth and development. Within the cellular signaling network, the accurate decoding of diverse Ca2+ signal is a fundamental molecular event. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), identified commonly in plants, are a kind of vital regulatory protein deciphering calcium signals triggered by various developmental and environmental stimuli. This review chiefly introduces Ca2+ distribution in plant cells, the classification of Arabidopsis thaliana CDPKs (AtCDPKs), the identification of the Ca2+-AtCDPK signal transduction mechanism and AtCDPKs’ functions involved in plant growth regulation and abiotic stress responses. The review presents a comprehensive overview of AtCDPKs and may contribute to the research of CDPKs in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Shugui Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Jingjing Mao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Dizhi Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zia Ullah
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Selvarajan D, Mohan C, Dhandapani V, Nerkar G, Jayanarayanan AN, Vadakkancherry Mohanan M, Murugan N, Kaur L, Chennappa M, Kumar R, Meena M, Ram B, Chinnaswamy A. Differential gene expression profiling through transcriptome approach of Saccharum spontaneum L. under low temperature stress reveals genes potentially involved in cold acclimation. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:195. [PMID: 29581927 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) is predominantly grown in both tropics and subtropics in India, and the subtropics alone contribute more than half of sugarcane production. Sugarcane active growth period in subtropics is restricted to 8-9 months mainly due to winter's low temperature stress prevailing during November to February every year. Being a commercial crop, tolerance to low temperature is important in sugarcane improvement programs. Development of cold tolerant sugarcane varieties require a deep knowledge on molecular mechanism naturally adapted by cold tolerant genotypes during low temperature stress. To understand gene regulation under low temperature stress, control and stressed (10 °C, 24 h) leaf samples of cold tolerant S. spontaneum IND 00-1037 collected from high altitude region in Arunachal Pradesh were used for transcriptome analysis using the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform with paired-end sequencing method. Raw reads of 5.1 GB (control) and 5.3 GB (stressed) obtained were assembled using trinity and annotated with UNIPROT, KEGG, GO, COG and SUCEST databases, and transcriptome was validated using qRT-PCR. The differential gene expression (DGE) analysis showed that 2583 genes were upregulated and 3302 genes were down-regulated upon low temperature stress. A total of 170 cold responsive transcriptional factors belonging to 30 families were differentially regulated. CBF6 (C-binding factor), a DNA binding transcriptional activation protein associated with cold acclimation and freezing tolerance was differentially upregulated. Many low temperature responsive genes involved in various metabolic pathways, viz. cold sensing through membrane fluidity, calcium and lipid signaling genes, MAP kinases, phytohormone signaling and biosynthetic genes, antioxidative enzymes, membrane and cellular stabilizing genes, genes involved in biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids, chaperones, LEA proteins, soluble sugars, osmoprotectants, lignin and pectin biosynthetic genes were also differentially upregulated. Potential cold responsive genes and transcriptional factors involved in cold tolerance mechanism in cold tolerant S. spontaneum IND 00-1037 were identified. Together, this study provides insights into the cold tolerance to low temperature stress in S. spontaneum, thus opening applications in the genetic improvement of cold stress tolerance in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharshini Selvarajan
- 1Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Chakravarthi Mohan
- 1Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vignesh Dhandapani
- 3Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305764 South Korea
| | - Gauri Nerkar
- 1Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | | - Naveenarani Murugan
- 1Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Lovejot Kaur
- 1Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Ravinder Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute Regional Centre, Karnal, India
| | - Minturam Meena
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute Regional Centre, Karnal, India
| | - Bakshi Ram
- 1Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Appunu Chinnaswamy
- 1Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
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Zlobin IE, Ivanov YV, Kartashov AV, Kuznetsov VV. Impact of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on growth, water relations and cell viability of Norway spruce seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8951-8962. [PMID: 29332275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated physiological responses of 7-week-old Norway spruce seedlings to water deficits of different intensities. Hydroponically grown seedlings were subjected to mild (-0.15 MPa), strong (-0.5 and -1.0 MPa) and extreme (-1.5 MPa) water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000, and their growth parameters, water status and physiological activity were analyzed. Seedlings effectively restricted water loss under drought, and even under extreme water deficit, shoot relative water content did not fall below 85%. Water stress induced substantial decreases in the osmotic potentials of root and needle cell sap, up to 0.3-0.4 MPa under extreme water deficit, though this did not result from water loss or accumulation of K+ and Na+ ions. Seedling growth was very susceptible to water stress because of poor capacity for cell wall adjustment. Water stress injured seedling roots, as evidenced by the loss of root cell physiological activity estimated by the ability to hydrolyse fluorescein diacetate and by increased root calcium content up to 8-10-fold under extreme water stress. At the same time, root hair growth was enhanced, especially under mild water deficit, which increased the root water-absorbing capacity. In summary, seedlings of Norway spruce were characterized by high susceptibility to water stress and concurrently by pronounced ability to maintain water status. These characteristics are fully consistent with spruce confinement to moist habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Zlobin
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury V Ivanov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- , Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Kartashov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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31
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Wang Q, Yin X, Chen Q, Xiang N, Sun X, Yang Y, Yang Y. Genome-wide survey indicates diverse physiological roles of the turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) calcium-dependent protein kinase genes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15803. [PMID: 29150669 PMCID: PMC5693941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) as crucial sensors of calcium concentration changes play important roles in responding to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, 55 BrrCDPK genes, which were phylogenetically clustered into four subfamilies, were identified. Chromosome locations indicated that the CDPK family in turnip expanded by segmental duplication and genome rearrangement. Moreover, gene expression profiles showed that different BrrCDPKs were expressed in specific tissues or stages. Transcript levels of BrrCDPKs indicated that they were involved in abiotic and biotic stresses and that paralogs exhibited functional divergence. Additionally, we identified 15 Rboh genes in turnip; the results of yeast two-hybrid analysis suggested that BrrRbohD1 interacted only with BrrCDPK10 and that BrrRbohD2 interacted with BrrCDPK4/7/9/10/17/22/23. Most of the genes play an important role in pst DC3000 defense by regulating the accumulation of H2O2 and stomatal closure. Our study may provide an important foundation for future functional analysis of BrrCDPKs and reveal further biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yunqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China.
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China.
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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32
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De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing in Passiflora edulis Sims to Identify Genes and Signaling Pathways Involved in Cold Tolerance. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Djabou ASM, Carvalho LJCB, Li QX, Niemenak N, Chen S. Cassava postharvest physiological deterioration: a complex phenomenon involving calcium signaling, reactive oxygen species and programmed cell death. ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM 2017; 39:91. [PMID: 28316353 PMCID: PMC5336541 DOI: 10.1007/s11738-017-2382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of cassava (Manihot esculenta) storage roots is a complex physiological and biochemical process which involve many regulatory networks linked with specific proteins modulation and signaling transduction pathways. However, it is poorly understood regarding biological regulation, and the interactions among protein groups and signals to determine PPD syndrome in cassava storage roots. This review sheds some light on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium signaling transduction, and programmed cell death (PCD) in cassava PPD syndrome. A model for predicting crosstalk among calcium signaling, ROS and PCD is suggested to fine-tune PPD syndrome. This would clues to cassava molecular breeding to alleviate the PPD effects on the shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astride S. M. Djabou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Nicolas Niemenak
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Hainan, China
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Bender KW, Blackburn RK, Monaghan J, Derbyshire P, Menke FLH, Zipfel C, Goshe MB, Zielinski RE, Huber SC. Autophosphorylation-based Calcium (Ca 2+) Sensitivity Priming and Ca 2+/Calmodulin Inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana Ca 2+-dependent Protein Kinase 28 (CPK28). J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3988-4002. [PMID: 28154194 PMCID: PMC5354511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant calcium (Ca2+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) represent the primary Ca2+-dependent protein kinase activities in plant systems. CPKs are composed of a dual specificity (Ser/Thr and Tyr) kinase domain tethered to a calmodulin-like domain (CLD) via an autoinhibitory junction (J). Although regulation of CPKs by Ca2+ has been extensively studied, the contribution of autophosphorylation in controlling CPK activity is less well understood. Furthermore, whether calmodulin (CaM) contributes to CPK regulation, as is the case for Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinases outside the plant lineage, remains an open question. We therefore screened a subset of plant CPKs for CaM binding and found that CPK28 is a high affinity Ca2+/CaM-binding protein. Using synthetic peptides and native gel electrophoresis, we coarsely mapped the CaM-binding domain to a site within the CPK28 J domain that overlaps with the known site of intramolecular interaction between the J domain and the CLD. Peptide kinase activity of fully dephosphorylated CPK28 was Ca2+-responsive and was inhibited by Ca2+/CaM. Using in situ autophosphorylated protein, we expand on the known set of CPK28 autophosphorylation sites, and we demonstrate that, unexpectedly, autophosphorylated CPK28 had enhanced kinase activity at physiological concentrations of Ca2+ compared with the dephosphorylated protein, suggesting that autophosphorylation functions to prime CPK28 for Ca2+ activation and might also allow CPK28 to remain active when Ca2+ levels are low. Furthermore, CPK28 autophosphorylation substantially reduced sensitivity of the kinase to Ca2+/CaM inhibition. Overall, our analyses uncover new complexities in the control of CPK28 and provide mechanistic support for Ca2+ signaling specificity through Ca2+ sensor priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Bender
- From the Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
| | - R Kevin Blackburn
- the Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | | | - Paul Derbyshire
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Frank L H Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Michael B Goshe
- the Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Raymond E Zielinski
- From the Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
| | - Steven C Huber
- From the Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801.,the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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35
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Cho JH, Lee JH, Park YK, Choi MN, Kim KN. Calcineurin B-like Protein CBL10 Directly Interacts with TOC34 (Translocon of the Outer Membrane of the Chloroplasts) and Decreases Its GTPase Activity in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1911. [PMID: 28018422 PMCID: PMC5156837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As calcium sensor relays in plants, calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins provide an important contribution to decoding Ca2+ signatures elicited by a variety of abiotic stresses. Currently, it is well known that CBLs perceive and transmit the Ca2+ signals mainly to a group of serine/threonine protein kinases called CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). In this study, we report that the CBL10 member of this family has a novel interaction partner besides the CIPK proteins. Yeast two-hybrid screening with CBL10 as bait identified an Arabidopsis cDNA clone encoding a TOC34 protein, which is a member of the TOC (Translocon of the Outer membrane of the Chloroplasts) complex and possesses the GTPase activity. Further analyses showed that in addition to CBL10, CBL7 also interacts with TOC34 at much lower strength in the yeast two-hybrid system. However, the rest of the CBL family members failed to interact with TOC34. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis verified that the CBL10-TOC34 interaction occurs at the outer membrane of chloroplasts in vivo. In addition, we also demonstrated that CBL10 physically associates with TOC34 in vitro, resulting in a significant decrease in the GTPase activity of the TOC34 protein. Taken together, our findings clearly indicate that a member of the CBL family, CBL10, can modulate not only the CIPK members but also TOC34, allowing the CBL family to relay the Ca2+ signals in more diverse ways than currently known.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyung-Nam Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, PERI, Sejong UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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36
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Integrated mRNA and miRNA transcriptome reveal a cross-talk between developing response and hormone signaling for the seed kernels of Siberian apricot. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35675. [PMID: 27762296 PMCID: PMC5071837 DOI: 10.1038/srep35675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, our transcriptomic analysis has identified some functional genes responsible for oil biosynthesis in developing SASK, yet miRNA-mediated regulation for SASK development and oil accumulation is poorly understood. Here, 3 representative periods of 10, 30 and 60 DAF were selected for sRNA sequencing based on the dynamic patterns of growth tendency and oil content of developing SASK. By miRNA transcriptomic analysis, we characterized 296 known and 44 novel miRNAs in developing SASK, among which 36 known and 6 novel miRNAs respond specifically to developing SASK. Importantly, we performed an integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA transcriptome as well as qRT-PCR detection to identify some key miRNAs and their targets (miR156-SPL, miR160-ARF18, miR164-NAC1, miR171h-SCL6, miR172-AP2, miR395-AUX22B, miR530-P2C37, miR393h-TIR1/AFB2 and psi-miRn5-SnRK2A) potentially involved in developing response and hormone signaling of SASK. Our results provide new insights into the important regulatory function of cross-talk between development response and hormone signaling for SASK oil accumulation.
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37
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Zhou S, Jia L, Chu H, Wu D, Peng X, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Chen K, Zhao L. Arabidopsis CaM1 and CaM4 Promote Nitric Oxide Production and Salt Resistance by Inhibiting S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase via Direct Binding. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006255. [PMID: 27684709 PMCID: PMC5042403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt is a major threat to plant growth and crop productivity. Calmodulin (CaM), the most important multifunctional Ca2+ sensor protein in plants, mediates reactions against environmental stresses through target proteins; however, direct proof of the participation of CaM in salt tolerance and its corresponding signaling pathway in vivo is lacking. In this study, we found that AtCaM1 and AtCaM4 produced salt-responsive CaM isoforms according to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses; this result was verified based on a phenotypic analysis of salt-treated loss-of-function mutant and transgenic plants. We also found that the level of nitric oxide (NO), an important salt-responsive signaling molecule, varied in response to salt treatment depending on AtCaM1 and AtCaM4 expression. GSNOR is considered as an important and widely utilized regulatory component of NO homeostasis in plant resistance protein signaling networks. In vivo and in vitro protein-protein interaction assays revealed direct binding between AtCaM4 and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), leading to reduced GSNOR activity and an increased NO level. Overexpression of GSNOR intensified the salt sensitivity of cam4 mutant plants accompanied by a reduced internal NO level, whereas a gsnor deficiency increased the salt tolerance of cam4 plants accompanied by an increased internal NO level. Physiological experiments showed that CaM4-GSNOR, acting through NO, reestablished the ion balance to increase plant resistance to salt stress. Together, these data suggest that AtCaM1 and AtCaM4 serve as signals in plant salt resistance by promoting NO accumulation through the binding and inhibition of GSNOR. This could be a conserved defensive signaling pathway in plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lixiu Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongye Chu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kunming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail:
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38
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iTRAQ analysis of low-phytate mung bean sprouts treated with sodium citrate, sodium acetate and sodium tartrate. Food Chem 2016; 218:285-293. [PMID: 27719911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of sodium citrate (SC), sodium acetate (SA) and sodium tartrate (ST) spraying on mung bean germination were investigated. Exogenous SC, ST and SA treatments significantly reduced the phytic acid content and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities. In this study, an iTRAQ-based proteomic approach was employed to explore the proteomes of mung bean sprouts, and 81, 101 and 90 differentially expressed proteins were identified in 4-day-old SC-, SA- and ST-treated mung bean sprouts, with 38 proteins present in all samples. Functional classification analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed proteins in mung bean sprouts subjected to the three treatments were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism. The inhibitory effect of the SA treatment was probably due to impairments in protein biosynthesis, whereas enhanced energy metabolism, accelerated reserve hydrolysis and protein processing were very important strategies for growth stimulation in response to ST and SC treatments.
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39
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Molecular and biochemical analysis of supplementation of calcium under in vitro condition on tuberization in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Srivastava VK, Raikwar S, Tuteja R, Tuteja N. Ectopic expression of phloem motor protein pea forisome PsSEO-F1 enhances salinity stress tolerance in tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1021-41. [PMID: 26825595 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE PsSEOF-1 binds to calcium and its expression is upregulated by salinity treatment. PsSEOF - 1 -overexpressing transgenic tobacco showed enhanced salinity stress tolerance by maintaining cellular ion homeostasis and modulating ROS-scavenging pathway. Calcium (Ca(2+)) plays important role in growth, development and stress tolerance in plants. Cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis is achieved by the collective action of channels, pumps, antiporters and by Ca(2+) chelators present in the cell like calcium-binding proteins. Forisomes are ATP-independent mechanically active motor proteins known to function in wound sealing of injured sieve elements of phloem tissue. The Ca(2+)-binding activity of forisome and its role in abiotic stress signaling were largely unknown. Here we report the Ca(2+)-binding activity of pea forisome (PsSEO-F1) and its novel function in promoting salinity tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Native PsSEO-F1 promoter positively responded in salinity stress as confirmed using GUS reporter. Overexpression of PsSEO-F1 tobacco plants confers salinity tolerance by alleviating ionic toxicity and increased ROS scavenging activity which probably results in reduced membrane damage and improved yield under salinity stress. Evaluation of several physiological indices shows an increase in relative water content, electrolyte leakage, proline accumulation and chlorophyll content in transgenic lines as compared with null-segregant control. Expression of several genes involved in cellular homeostasis is perturbed by PsSEO-F1 overexpression. These findings suggest that PsSEO-F1 provides salinity tolerance through cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis which in turn modulates ROS machinery providing indirect link between Ca(2+) and ROS signaling under salinity-induced perturbation. PsSEO-F1 most likely functions in salinity stress tolerance by improving antioxidant machinery and mitigating ion toxicity in transgenic lines. This finding should make an important contribution in our better understanding of the significance of calcium signaling in phloem tissue leading to salinity stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Srivastava
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shailendra Raikwar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Renu Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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41
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Chen J, Mao L, Mi H, Lu W, Ying T, Luo Z. Involvement of three annexin genes in the ripening of strawberry fruit regulated by phytohormone and calcium signal transduction. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:733-43. [PMID: 26724928 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three annexin genes may be involved in the ripening progress of strawberry fruit. Phytohormones and calcium regulate the expressions of three annexin genes during strawberry fruit ripening. Plant annexins are multi-functional membrane- and Ca(2+)-binding proteins that are involved in various developmental progresses and stress responses. Three annexins FaAnn5a, FaAnn5b and FaAnn8 cDNA obtained from strawberry fruit encode amino acid sequences of approximately 35 kDa containing four annexin repeats, Ca(2+)-binding site, GTP-binding motif, peroxidase residue, and conserved amino acid residues of tryptophan, arginine and cysteine. During fruit development, the transcript levels of FaAnn5a and FaAnn5b increased while FaAnn5b declined after 3/4R stage. The expression patterns of annexins suggested their potential roles in strawberry fruit development and ripening. Expressions of annexin genes were also highly correlated with hormone levels. In addition, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) enhanced the expressions of FaAnn5a and FaAnn8 while exogenous auxin (IAA) retarded it. However, both ABA and IAA promoted the transcript levels of FaAnn5b, indicating the independent regulation of annexins in fruit likely due to multi-functions of their large family. The responses of annexin genes to exogenous ABA and IAA inhibitors verified the involvement of annexins in plant hormone signaling. Besides, calcium restrained the expressions of FaAnn5s (FaAnn5a and FaAnn5b) but promoted the expression of FaAnn8. Effects of calcium and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) on the transcript levels of annexins confirmed that calcium likely mediated hormone signal transduction pathways, which helped to elucidate the mechanism of calcium in fruit ripening. Therefore, FaAnn5s and FaAnn8 might be involved in plant hormones' regulation in the development and ripening of strawberry fruit through calcium signaling in the downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongbo Mi
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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42
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Mujahid H, Pendarvis K, Reddy JS, Nallamilli BRR, Reddy KR, Nanduri B, Peng Z. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Cotton Fiber Development and Protein Extraction Method Comparison in Late Stage Fibers. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4010007. [PMID: 28248216 PMCID: PMC5217364 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct stages of cotton fiber development and maturation serve as a single-celled model for studying the molecular mechanisms of plant cell elongation, cell wall development and cellulose biosynthesis. However, this model system of plant cell development is compromised for proteomic studies due to a lack of an efficient protein extraction method during the later stages of fiber development, because of a recalcitrant cell wall and the presence of abundant phenolic compounds. Here, we compared the quality and quantities of proteins extracted from 25 dpa (days post anthesis) fiber with multiple protein extraction methods and present a comprehensive quantitative proteomic study of fiber development from 10 dpa to 25 dpa. Comparative analysis using a label-free quantification method revealed 287 differentially-expressed proteins in the 10 dpa to 25 dpa fiber developmental period. Proteins involved in cell wall metabolism and regulation, cytoskeleton development and carbohydrate metabolism among other functional categories in four fiber developmental stages were identified. Our studies provide protocols for protein extraction from maturing fiber tissues for mass spectrometry analysis and expand knowledge of the proteomic profile of cotton fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mujahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Ken Pendarvis
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Babi Ramesh Reddy Nallamilli
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - K R Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Zhaohua Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Elucidation of Cross-Talk and Specificity of Early Response Mechanisms to Salt and PEG-Simulated Drought Stresses in Brassica napus Using Comparative Proteomic Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138974. [PMID: 26448643 PMCID: PMC4598015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the cross-talk and specificity of the early responses of plants to salt and drought, we performed physiological and proteome analyses of Brassica napus seedlings pretreated with 245 mM NaCl or 25% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 under identical osmotic pressure (-1.0 MPa). Significant decreases in water content and photosynthetic rate and excessive accumulation of compatible osmolytes and oxidative damage were observed in response to both stresses. Unexpectedly, the drought response was more severe than the salt response. We further identified 45 common differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 143 salt-specific DEPs and 160 drought-specific DEPs by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis. The proteome quantitative data were then confirmed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The differences in the proteomic profiles between drought-treated and salt-treated seedlings exceeded the similarities in the early stress responses. Signal perception and transduction, transport and membrane trafficking, and photosynthesis-related proteins were enriched as part of the molecular cross-talk and specificity mechanism in the early responses to the two abiotic stresses. The Ca2+ signaling, G protein-related signaling, 14-3-3 signaling pathway and phosphorylation cascades were the common signal transduction pathways shared by both salt and drought stress responses; however, the proteins with executive functions varied. These results indicate functional specialization of family proteins in response to different stresses, i.e., CDPK21, TPR, and CTR1 specific to phosphorylation cascades under early salt stress, whereas STN7 and BSL were specific to phosphorylation cascades under early drought stress. Only the calcium-binding EF-hand family protein and ZKT were clearly identified as signaling proteins that acted as cross-talk nodes for salt and drought signaling pathways. Our study provides new clues and insights for developing strategies to improve the tolerance of crops to complex, multiple environmental stresses.
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Leng X, Han J, Wang X, Zhao M, Sun X, Wang C, Fang J. Characterization of a Calmodulin-binding Transcription Factor from Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). THE PLANT GENOME 2015; 8:eplantgenome2014.08.0039. [PMID: 33228307 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2014.08.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) is a calmodulin-binding transcription factor that has a broad range of functions from sensory mechanisms to regulating many growth and developmental processes. In this study, we isolated four strawberry CAMTA (FaCAMTA) genes using HMMER and BLAST analysis. The chromosome scaffold locations of these CAMTA genes in the strawberry genome were determined and the protein domain and motif organization [CG-1, transcription factor immunoglobulin, ankyrin (ANK) repeats, calmodulin-binding IQ motif) of FaCAMTAs were also assessed. All FaCAMTAs were predicted to be Ca- and calmodulin-binding proteins. The expression profiles of FaCAMTA genes were measured in different tissues and revealed distinct FaCAMTA gene expression patterns under heat, cold, and salt stress. These data not only contribute to a better understanding of the complex regulation of the FaCAMTA gene family but also provide evidence supporting the role of CAMTAs in multiple signaling pathways involved in stress responses. This investigation can provide useful information for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Leng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box1435, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China
| | - Mizhen Zhao
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling St. 50, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
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45
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Hafize DT, Tulin A. Protective effects of Ca2+ against NaCl induced salt stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajar2014.9479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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46
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Dixit AK, Jayabaskaran C. Calcium binding properties of calcium dependent protein kinase 1 (CaCDPK1) from Cicer arietinum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 179:106-112. [PMID: 25855000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium plays a crucial role as a secondary messenger in all aspects of plant growth, development and survival. Calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are the major calcium decoders, which couple the changes in calcium level to an appropriate physiological response. The mechanism by which calcium regulates CDPK protein is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the interactions of Ca(2+) ions with the CDPK1 isoform of Cicer arietinum (CaCDPK1) using a combination of biophysical tools. CaCDPK1 has four different EF hands as predicted by protein sequence analysis. The fluorescence emission spectrum of CaCDPK1 showed quenching with a 5 nm red shift upon addition of calcium, indicating conformational changes in the tertiary structure. The plot of changes in intensity against calcium concentrations showed a biphasic curve with binding constants of 1.29 μM and 120 μM indicating two kinds of binding sites. Isothermal calorimetric (ITC) titration with CaCl2 also showed a biphasic curve with two binding constants of 0.027 μM and 1.7 μM. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed two prominent peaks at 208 and 222 nm indicating that CaCDPK1 is a α-helical rich protein. Calcium binding further increased the α-helical content of CaCDPK1 from 75 to 81%. Addition of calcium to CaCDPK1 also increased fluorescence of 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) indicating exposure of hydrophobic surfaces. Thus, on the whole this study provides evidence for calcium induced conformational changes, exposure of hydrophobic surfaces and heterogeneity of EF hands in CaCDPK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Dixit
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka 560012, India.
| | - Chelliah Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka 560012, India
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47
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Hochmal AK, Schulze S, Trompelt K, Hippler M. Calcium-dependent regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:993-1003. [PMID: 25687895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of calcium as a second messenger in plants has been growing intensively over the last decades. Recently, attention has been drawn to the organelles, especially the chloroplast but focused on the stromal Ca2+ transients in response to environmental stresses. Herein we will expand this view and discuss the role of Ca2+ in photosynthesis. Moreover we address of how Ca2+ is delivered to chloroplast stroma and thylakoids. Thereby, new light is shed on the regulation of photosynthetic electron flow and light-dependent metabolism by the interplay of Ca2+, thylakoid acidification and redox status. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Hochmal
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulze
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Kerstin Trompelt
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany.
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Huang YM, Srivastava AK, Zou YN, Ni QD, Han Y, Wu QS. Mycorrhizal-induced calmodulin mediated changes in antioxidant enzymes and growth response of drought-stressed trifoliate orange. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:682. [PMID: 25538696 PMCID: PMC4257356 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf.] is considered highly arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) dependent for growth responses through a series of signal transductions in form of various physiological responses. The proposed study was carried out to evaluate the effect of an AM fungus (Funneliformis mosseae) on growth, antioxidant enzyme (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD) activities, leaf relative water content (RWC), calmodulin (CaM), superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in leaves of the plants exposed to both well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions. A 58-day of DS significantly decreased mycorrhizal colonization by 60% than WW. Compared to non-AM seedlings, AM seedlings displayed significantly higher shoot morphological properties (plant height, stem diameter, and leaf number), biomass production (shoot and root fresh weight) and leaf RWC, regardless of soil water status. AM inoculation significantly increased CaM and soluble protein concentrations and CAT activity, whereas significantly decreased [Formula: see text] and H2O2 concentration under both WW and DS conditions. The AM seedlings also exhibited significantly higher Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities than the non-AM seedlings under DS but not under WW, which are triggered by higher CaM levels in AM plants on the basis of correlation studies. Further, the negative correlation of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities with [Formula: see text] and H2O2 concentration showed the DS-induced ROS scavenging ability of CaM mediated SODs under mycorrhization. Our results demonstrated that AM-inoculation elevated the synthesis of CaM in leaves and up-regulated activities of the antioxidant enzymes, thereby, repairing the possible oxidative damage to plants by lowering the ROS accumulation under DS condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Huang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening/Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze UniversityJingzhou, China
| | | | - Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening/Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze UniversityJingzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Dan Ni
- College of Horticulture and Gardening/Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze UniversityJingzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Horticulture and Gardening/Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze UniversityJingzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening/Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze UniversityJingzhou, China
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49
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Edel KH, Kudla J. Increasing complexity and versatility: how the calcium signaling toolkit was shaped during plant land colonization. Cell Calcium 2014; 57:231-46. [PMID: 25477139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium serves as a versatile messenger in adaptation reactions and developmental processes in plants and animals. Eukaryotic cells generate cytosolic Ca(2+) signals via Ca(2+) conducting channels. Ca(2+) signals are represented in form of stimulus-specific spatially and temporally defined Ca(2+) signatures. These Ca(2+) signatures are detected, decoded and transmitted to downstream responses by an elaborate toolkit of Ca(2+) binding proteins that function as Ca(2+) sensors. In this article, we examine the distribution and evolution of Ca(2+)-conducting channels and Ca(2+) decoding proteins in the plant lineage. To this end, we have in addition to previously studied genomes of plant species, identified and analyzed the Ca(2+)-signaling components from species that hold key evolutionary positions like the filamentous terrestrial algae Klebsormidium flaccidum and Amborella trichopoda, the single living representative of the sister lineage to all other extant flowering plants. Plants and animals exhibit substantial differences in their complements of Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) binding proteins. Within the plant lineage, remarkable differences in the evolution of complexity between different families of Ca(2+) signaling proteins are observable. Using the CBL/CIPK Ca(2+) sensor/kinase signaling network as model, we attempt to link evolutionary tendencies to functional predictions. Our analyses, for example, suggest Ca(2+) dependent regulation of Na(+) homeostasis as an evolutionary most ancient function of this signaling network. Overall, gene families of Ca(2+) signaling proteins have significantly increased in their size during plant evolution reaching an extraordinary complexity in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai H Edel
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany; College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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50
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Peralta-Videa JR, Hernandez-Viezcas JA, Zhao L, Diaz BC, Ge Y, Priester JH, Holden PA, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Cerium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles alter the nutritional value of soil cultivated soybean plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 80:128-35. [PMID: 24751400 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine nutrient elements in soybean (Glycine max) plants cultivated in farm soil amended with nCeO2 at 0-1000 mg kg(-1) and nZnO at 0-500 mg kg(-1). Digested samples were analyzed by ICP-OES/MS. Compared to control, pods from nCeO2 at 1000 mg kg(-1) had significantly less Ca but more P and Cu, while pods from 100 mg kg(-1)nZnO had more Zn, Mn, and Cu. Plants treated with nZnO showed significant correlations among Zn, P, and S in pods with Zn in roots. Correlations among pod Zn/root Zn was r = 0.808 (p ≤ 0.01) and pod P/root P was r = 0.541 (p ≤ 0.05). The correlation among pod S/root S was r = -0.65 (p ≤ 0.01). While nCeO2 treatments exhibited significant correlations between pod Ca/root Ca (r = 0.645, p ≤ 0.05). The data suggest that nCeO2 and nZnO alter the nutritional value of soybean, which could affect the health of plants, humans, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Peralta-Videa
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. Univ. Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. Univ. Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), United States
| | - Jose A Hernandez-Viezcas
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. Univ. Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), United States
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. Univ. Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), United States
| | - Baltazar Corral Diaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Departamento de Química y Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo envolvente PRONAF y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juarez, Chih 32310, Mexico
| | - Yuan Ge
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), United States; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, and Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - John H Priester
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), United States; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, and Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Patricia Ann Holden
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), United States; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, and Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. Univ. Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. Univ. Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), United States.
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