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Yan R, Zhang T, Wang Y, Wang W, Sharif R, Liu J, Dong Q, Luan H, Zhang X, Li H, Guo S, Qi G, Jia P. The apple MdGA2ox7 modulates the balance between growth and stress tolerance in an anthocyanin-dependent manner. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108707. [PMID: 38763002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a widely cultivated fruit crop worldwide but often suffers from abiotic stresses such as salt and cold. Gibberellic acid (GA) plays a pivotal in controlling plant development, environmental adaptability, and secondary metabolism. The GA2-oxidase (GA2ox) is responsible for the deactivation of bioactive GA. In this study, seventeen GA2-oxidase genes were identified in the apple genome, and these members could be clustered into four clades based on phylogenetic relationships and conserved domain structures. MdGA2ox7 exhibited robust expression across various tissues, responded to cold and salt treatments, and was triggered in apple fruit peels via light-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Subcellular localization prediction and experiments confirmed that MdGA2ox7 was located in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of MdGA2ox7 in Arabidopsis caused a lower level of active GA and led to GA-deficient phenotypes, such as dwarfism and delayed flowering. MdGA2ox7 alleviated cold and salt stress damage in both Arabidopsis and apple in concert with melatonin (MT). Additionally, MdGA2ox7 enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple calli and activated genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis. These findings provide new insights into the functions of apple GA2ox in regulating development, stress tolerance, and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Tianle Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiale Liu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qinglong Dong
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Haoan Luan
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Suping Guo
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Guohui Qi
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
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2
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Balouri C, Poulios S, Tsompani D, Spyropoulou Z, Ketikoglou MC, Kaldis A, Doonan JH, Vlachonasios KE. Gibberellin Signaling through RGA Suppresses GCN5 Effects on Arabidopsis Developmental Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6757. [PMID: 38928464 PMCID: PMC11203840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) modify the amino-terminal tails of the core histone proteins via acetylation, regulating chromatin structure and transcription. GENERAL CONTROL NON-DEREPRESSIBLE 5 (GCN5) is a HAT that specifically acetylates H3K14 residues. GCN5 has been associated with cell division and differentiation, meristem function, root, stem, foliar, and floral development, and plant environmental response. The flowers of gcn5 plants display a reduced stamen length and exhibit male sterility relative to the wild-type plants. We show that these effects may arise from gibberellin (GA)-signaling defects. The signaling pathway of bioactive GAs depends on the proteolysis of their repressors, DELLA proteins. The repressor GA (RGA) DELLA protein represses plant growth, inflorescence, and flower and seed development. Our molecular data indicate that GCN5 is required for the activation and H3K14 acetylation of genes involved in the late stages of GA biosynthesis and catabolism. We studied the genetic interaction of the RGA and GCN5; the RGA can partially suppress GCN5 action during the whole plant life cycle. The reduced elongation of the stamen filament of gcn5-6 mutants is reversed in the rga-t2;gcn5-6 double mutants. RGAs suppress the GCN5 effect on the gene expression and histone acetylation of GA catabolism and GA signaling. Interestingly, the RGA and RGL2 do not suppress ADA2b function, suggesting that ADA2b acts downstream of GA signaling and is distinct from GCN5 activity. In conclusion, we propose that the action of GCN5 on stamen elongation is partially mediated by RGA and GA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Balouri
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (S.P.); (D.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Stylianos Poulios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (S.P.); (D.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Dimitra Tsompani
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (S.P.); (D.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Zoe Spyropoulou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (S.P.); (D.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Maria-Christina Ketikoglou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (S.P.); (D.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Athanasios Kaldis
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (S.P.); (D.T.); (A.K.)
| | - John H. Doonan
- National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK;
| | - Konstantinos E. Vlachonasios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (S.P.); (D.T.); (A.K.)
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Su T, Liu H, Wu Y, Wang J, He F, Li H, Li S, Wang L, Li L, Cao J, Lu Q, Zhao X, Xiang H, Lin C, Lu S, Liu B, Kong F, Fang C. Soybean hypocotyl elongation is regulated by a MYB33-SWEET11/21-GA2ox8c module involving long-distance sucrose transport. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38861663 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The length of hypocotyl affects the height of soybean and lodging resistance, thus determining the final grain yield. However, research on soybean hypocotyl length is scarce, and the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identified a module controlling the transport of sucrose, where sucrose acts as a messenger moved from cotyledon to hypocotyl, regulating hypocotyl elongation. This module comprises four key genes, namely MYB33, SWEET11, SWEET21 and GA2ox8c in soybean. In cotyledon, MYB33 is responsive to sucrose and promotes the expression of SWEET11 and SWEET21, thereby facilitating sucrose transport from the cotyledon to the hypocotyl. Subsequently, sucrose transported from the cotyledon up-regulates the expression of GA2ox8c in the hypocotyl, which ultimately affects the length of the hypocotyl. During the domestication and improvement of soybean, an allele of MYB33 with enhanced abilities to promote SWEET11 and SWEET21 has gradually become enriched in landraces and cultivated varieties, SWEET11 and SWEET21 exhibit high conservation and have undergone a strong purified selection and GA2ox8c is under a strong artificial selection. Our findings identify a new molecular pathway in controlling soybean hypocotyl elongation and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of sugar transport in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichun Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- Vegetables Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanglei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shichen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingshuang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulian Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Xiang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Suihua Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Suihua, China
| | - Chun Lin
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Hu D, Cui R, Wang K, Yang Y, Wang R, Zhu H, He M, Fan Y, Wang L, Wang L, Chu S, Zhang J, Zhang S, Yang Y, Zhai X, Lü H, Zhang D, Wang J, Kong F, Yu D, Zhang H, Zhang D. The Myb73-GDPD2-GA2ox1 transcriptional regulatory module confers phosphate deficiency tolerance in soybean. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2176-2200. [PMID: 38345432 PMCID: PMC11132883 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus is indispensable in agricultural production. An increasing food supply requires more efficient use of phosphate due to limited phosphate resources. However, how crops regulate phosphate efficiency remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a major quantitative trait locus, qPE19, that controls 7 low-phosphate (LP)-related traits in soybean (Glycine max) through linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies. We identified the gene responsible for qPE19 as GLYCEROPHOSPHORYL DIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE2 (GmGDPD2), and haplotype 5 represents the optimal allele favoring LP tolerance. Overexpression of GmGDPD2 significantly affects hormone signaling and improves root architecture, phosphate efficiency and yield-related traits; conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-edited plants show decreases in these traits. GmMyb73 negatively regulates GmGDPD2 by directly binding to its promoter; thus, GmMyb73 negatively regulates LP tolerance. GmGDPD2 physically interacts with GA 2-oxidase 1 (GmGA2ox1) in the plasma membrane, and overexpressing GmGA2ox1 enhances LP-associated traits, similar to GmGDPD2 overexpression. Analysis of double mutants for GmGDPD2 and GmGA2ox1 demonstrated that GmGDPD2 regulates LP tolerance likely by influencing auxin and gibberellin dose-associated cell division in the root. These results reveal a regulatory module that plays a major role in regulating LP tolerance in soybeans and is expected to be utilized to develop phosphate-efficient varieties to enhance soybean production, particularly in phosphate-deficient soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruifan Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuming Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruiyang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongqing Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengshi He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yukun Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xuhao Zhai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiyan Lü
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinshe Wang
- Zhengzhou National Subcenter for Soybean Improvement, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hengyou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Meng HX, Wang YZ, Yao XL, Xie XR, Dong S, Yuan X, Li X, Gao L, Yang G, Chu X, Wang JG. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate nitrogen signaling using temporal transcriptome analysis in foxtail millet. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:37. [PMID: 38602592 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a chemically reactive chemical substance containing oxygen and a natural by-product of normal oxygen metabolism. Excessive ROS affect the growth process of crops, which will lead to the decrease of yield. Nitrogen, as a critical nutrient element in plants and plays a vital role in plant growth and crop production. Nitrate is the primary nitrogen source available to plants in agricultural soil and various natural environments. However, the molecular mechanism of ROS-nitrate crosstalk is still unclear. In this study, we used the foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) as the material to figure it out. Here, we show that excessive NaCl inhibits nitrate-promoted plant growth and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NaCl induces ROS accumulation in roots, and ROS inhibits nitrate-induced gene expression in a short time. Surprisingly, low concentration ROS slight promotes and high concentration of ROS inhibits foxtail millet growth under long-term H2O2 treatment. These results may open a new perspective for further exploration of ROS-nitrate signaling pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xin Meng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yu-Ze Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xin-Li Yao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xin-Ran Xie
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Shuqi Dong
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Lulu Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Guanghui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Jia-Gang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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6
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Garg R, Mahato H, Choudhury U, Thakur RS, Debnath P, Ansari NG, Sane VA, Sane AP. The tomato EAR-motif repressor, SlERF36, accelerates growth transitions and reduces plant life cycle by regulating GA levels and responses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:848-862. [PMID: 38127946 PMCID: PMC10955490 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Faster vegetative growth and early maturity/harvest reduce plant life cycle time and are important agricultural traits facilitating early crop rotation. GA is a key hormone governing developmental transitions that determine growth speed in plants. An EAR-motif repressor, SlERF36 that regulates various growth transitions, partly through regulation of the GA pathway and GA levels, was identified in tomato. Suppression of SlERF36 delayed germination, slowed down organ growth and delayed the onset of flowering time, fruit harvest and whole-plant senescence by 10-15 days. Its over-expression promoted faster growth by accelerating all these transitions besides increasing organ expansion and plant height substantially. The plant life cycle and fruit harvest were completed 20-30 days earlier than control without affecting yield, in glasshouse as well as net-house conditions, across seasons and generations. These changes in life cycle were associated with reciprocal changes in expression of GA pathway genes and basal GA levels between suppression and over-expression lines. SlERF36 interacted with the promoters of two GA2 oxidase genes, SlGA2ox3 and SlGA2ox4, and the DELLA gene, SlDELLA, reducing their transcription and causing a 3-5-fold increase in basal GA3/GA4 levels. Its suppression increased SlGA2ox3/4 transcript levels and reduced GA3/GA4 levels by 30%-50%. SlERF36 is conserved across families making it an important candidate in agricultural and horticultural crops for manipulation of plant growth and developmental transitions to reduce life cycles for faster harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Garg
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Hrishikesh Mahato
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Upasana Choudhury
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Ravindra S. Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR)LucknowIndia
| | - Pratima Debnath
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Nasreen G. Ansari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR)LucknowIndia
| | - Vidhu A. Sane
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Aniruddha P. Sane
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
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7
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Kaur Y, Das N. Gibberellin 2-Oxidases in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.): Cloning, Characterization, In Silico Analysis and Molecular Docking. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:902-917. [PMID: 37061992 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs; tetracyclic di-terpenoid carboxylic acids) are endogenous plant growth regulators responsible for stimulating plant growth and development from seed germination to plant maturity. In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), GA levels are known to be crucial in the complex process of tuberization. Gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) inactivate bioactive GAs during stolon swelling and early stages of tuberization as evident from the predominant expression of a member of this gene family namely GA2ox1. We isolated and characterized a 1105-bp cDNA clone encoding a 340-aa GA2ox1 form, designated St-GA2ox1, using total RNA from growing tuber of a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar, Kufri Chipsona-1 (KC-1) based on RT-PCR approach. A total of 26 GA2ox sequences were also retrieved from potato genome database and analysed. Multiple sequence alignment revealed sequence relatedness between the GA2oxs. Crucial protein motifs were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationships between the GA2oxs. Three-dimensional structure of St-GA2ox1 was predicted by using AlphaFold tool, validated by the predicted local-distance difference test and Ramachandran Plot. Structural analysis and molecular docking were carried out to identify domains, binding sites and affinity for the ligand. The STRING database and hydropathy analysis revealed the presence of a putative interaction site for other enzymes. Expression Atlas database and semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed the expression patterns of various GA2ox forms in different potato organs. This comprehensive report would be useful in providing new insights into possible underlying mechanisms involved in tuber development, and could facilitate the targeted alteration of genes responsible to combat the stress and enhance tuber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadveer Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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8
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Zhang X, Li J, Xing X, Li H, Zhang S, Chang J, Wei F, Zhang Y, Huang J, Zhang X, Wang Z. Transcriptome disclosure of hormones inducing stigma exsertion in Nicotiana tabacum by corolla shortening. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:320. [PMID: 38549066 PMCID: PMC10976690 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma exsertion is an essential agricultural trait that can promote cross-pollination to improve hybrid seed production efficiency. However, the molecular mechanism controlling stigma exsertion remains unknown. RESULTS In this study, the Nicotiana tabacum cv. K326 and its two homonuclear-heteroplasmic lines, MSK326 (male-sterile) and MSK326SE (male-sterile and stigma exserted), were used to investigate the mechanism of tobacco stigma exsertion. A comparison of the flowers between the three lines showed that the stigma exsertion of MSK326SE was mainly due to corolla shortening. Therefore, the corollas of the three lines were sampled and presented for RNA-seq analysis, which found 338 candidate genes that may cause corolla shortening. These genes were equally expressed in K326 and MSK326, but differentially expressed in MSK326SE. Among these 338 genes, 15 were involved in hormone synthesis or signal transduction pathways. Consistently, the content of auxin, dihydrozeatin, gibberellin, and jasmonic acid was significantly decreased in the MSK326SE corolla, whereas abscisic acid levels were significantly increased. Additionally, seven genes involved in cell division, cell cycle, or cell expansion were identified. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified 45 nodes and 79 protein interactions, and the largest module contained 20 nodes and 52 protein interactions, mainly involved in the hormone signal transduction and pathogen defensive pathways. Furthermore, a putative hub gene coding a serine/threonine-protein kinase was identified for the network. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hormones may play a key role in regulating tobacco stigma exsertion induced by corolla shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juxu Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuexia Xing
- Henan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, 450018, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongchen Li
- Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, 472000, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Songtao Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, 472000, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Fengjie Wei
- Henan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, 450018, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Shangluo Branch of Shanxi provincial Tobacco Company, 726000, Shangluo, China
| | - Jinhui Huang
- Shangluo Branch of Shanxi provincial Tobacco Company, 726000, Shangluo, China.
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
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9
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Guo G, Liu L, Shen T, Wang H, Zhang S, Sun Y, Xiong G, Tang X, Zhu L, Jia B. Genome-wide identification of GA2ox genes family and analysis of PbrGA2ox1-mediated enhanced chlorophyll accumulation by promoting chloroplast development in pear. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:166. [PMID: 38433195 PMCID: PMC10910807 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorophyll (Chl) is an agronomic trait associated with photosynthesis and yield. Gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) have previously been shown to be involved in Chl accumulation. However, whether and how the PbrGA2ox proteins (PbrGA2oxs) mediate Chl accumulation in pear (Pyrus spp.) is scarce. RESULTS Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of the pear GA2ox gene family in Chl accumulation and the related underlying mechanisms. We isolated 13 PbrGA2ox genes (PbrGA2oxs) from the pear database and identified PbrGA2ox1 as a potential regulator of Chl accumulation. We found that transiently overexpressing PbrGA2ox1 in chlorotic pear leaves led to Chl accumulation, and PbrGA2ox1 silencing in normal pear leaves led to Chl degradation, as evident by the regreening and chlorosis phenomenon, respectively. Meanwhile, PbrGA2ox1-overexpressing (OE) tobacco plants discernably exhibited Chl built-up, as evidenced by significantly higher Pn and Fv/Fm. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), physiological and biochemical investigations revealed an increase in abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA) concentrations and signaling pathways; a marked elevation in reducing and soluble sugar contents; and a marginal decline in the starch and sucrose levels in OE plants. Interestingly, PbrGA2ox1 overexpression did not prominently affect Chl synthesis. However, it indeed facilitated chloroplast development by increasing chloroplast number per cell and compacting the thylakoid granum stacks. These findings might jointly contribute to Chl accumulation in OE plants. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggested that GA2oxs accelerate Chl accumulation by stimulating chloroplast development and proved the potential of PbrGA2ox1 as a candidate gene for genetically breeding biofortified pear plants with a higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Guo
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lun Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Taijing Shen
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Haozhe Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guoyu Xiong
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Liwu Zhu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Bing Jia
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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10
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Jin G, Qi J, Zu H, Liu S, Gershenzon J, Lou Y, Baldwin IT, Li R. Jasmonate-mediated gibberellin catabolism constrains growth during herbivore attack in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3828-3844. [PMID: 37392473 PMCID: PMC10533328 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense against herbivores is costly and often associated with growth repression. The phytohormone jasmonate (JA) plays a central role in prioritizing defense over growth during herbivore attack, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. When brown planthoppers (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) attack rice (Oryza sativa), growth is dramatically suppressed. BPH infestation also increases inactive gibberellin (GA) levels and transcripts of GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox) genes, 2 (GA2ox3 and GA2ox7) of which encode enzymes that catalyze the conversion of bioactive GAs to inactive GAs in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of these GA2oxs diminishes BPH-elicited growth restriction without affecting BPH resistance. Phytohormone profiling and transcriptome analyses revealed that GA2ox-mediated GA catabolism was enhanced by JA signaling. The transcript levels of GA2ox3 and GA2ox7 were significantly attenuated under BPH attack in JA biosynthesis (allene oxide cyclase [aoc]) or signaling-deficient (myc2) mutants. In contrast, GA2ox3 and GA2ox7 expression was increased in MYC2 overexpression lines. MYC2 directly binds to the G-boxes in the promoters of both GA2ox genes to regulate their expression. We conclude that JA signaling simultaneously activates defense responses and GA catabolism to rapidly optimize resource allocation in attacked plants and provides a mechanism for phytohormone crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongyue Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Muthusamy M, Son S, Park SR, Lee SI. Heat shock factor binding protein BrHSBP1 regulates seed and pod development in Brassica rapa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232736. [PMID: 37719218 PMCID: PMC10499616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant heat shock factor binding proteins (HSBPs) are well known for their implication in the negative regulation of heat stress response (HSR) pathways. Herein, we report on the hitherto unknown functions of HSBP1 in Brassica rapa (BrHSBP1). BrHBSP1 was found to be predominant in flower buds and young leaves, while its segmental duplicate, BrHSBP1-like, was abundant in green siliques. Exposure to abiotic stress conditions, such as heat, drought, cold, and H2O2, and to phytohormones was found to differentially regulate BrHSBP1. The activity of BrHSBP1-GFP fusion proteins revealed their cellular localization in nuclei and cytosols. Transgenic overexpression of BrHSBP1 (BrHSBP1OX) improved pod and seed sizes, while CRISPR-Cas BrHSBP1 knock-out mutants (Brhsbp1_KO) were associated with aborted seed and pod development. The transcriptomic signatures of BrHSBP1OX and Brhsbp1_KO lines revealed that 360 and 2381 genes, respectively, were differentially expressed (Log2FC≥2, padj<0.05) expressed relative to control lines. In particular, developmental processes, including plant reproductive structure development (RSD)-related genes, were relatively downregulated in Brhsbp1_KO. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assays confirmed that BrHSBP1 can physically bind to RSD and other genes. Taking the findings together, it is clear that BrHSBP1 is involved in seed development via the modulation of RSD genes. Our findings represent the addition of a new regulatory player in seed and pod development in B. rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wu W, Zhu L, Wang P, Liao Y, Duan L, Lin K, Chen X, Li L, Xu J, Hu H, Xu ZF, Ni J. Transcriptome-Based Construction of the Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling Pathways in Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla, and Functional Characterization of GA20ox and GA2ox in Regulating Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Adaptations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087051. [PMID: 37108215 PMCID: PMC10138970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are the key regulators controlling plant growth, wood production and the stress responses in perennial woody plants. The role of GA in regulating the above-mentioned processes in Eucalyptus remain largely unclear. There is still a lack of systematic identification and functional characterization of GA-related genes in Eucalyptus. In this study, a total of 59,948 expressed genes were identified from the major vegetative tissues of the E. grandis × E. urophylla using transcriptome sequencing. Then, the key gene families in each step of GA biosynthesis, degradation and signaling were investigated and compared with those of Arabidopsis, rice, and Populus. The expression profile generated using Real-time quantitative PCR showed that most of these genes exhibited diverse expression patterns in different vegetative organs and in response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we selectively overexpressed EguGA20ox1, EguGA20ox2 and EguGA2ox1 in both Arabidopsis and Eucalyptus via Agrobacterium tumefaciens or A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation. Though both Arabidopsis EguGA20ox1- and EguGA20ox2-overexpressing (OE) lines exhibited better vegetative growth performance, they were more sensitive to abiotic stress, unlike EguGA2ox1-OE plants, which exhibited enhanced stress resistance. Moreover, overexpression of EguGA20ox in Eucalyptus roots caused significantly accelerated hairy root initiation and elongation and improved root xylem differentiation. Our study provided a comprehensive and systematic study of the genes of the GA metabolism and signaling and identified the role of GA20ox and GA2ox in regulating plant growth, stress tolerance, and xylem development in Eucalyptus; this could benefit molecular breeding for obtaining high-yield and stress-resistant Eucalyptus cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Linhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuwu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lanjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lijie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiajing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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13
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Ma X, Zhang Q, Ou Y, Wang L, Gao Y, Lucas GR, Resco de Dios V, Yao Y. Transcriptome and Low-Affinity Sodium Transport Analysis Reveals Salt Tolerance Variations between Two Poplar Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065732. [PMID: 36982804 PMCID: PMC10058024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress severely hampers plant growth and productivity. How to improve plants’ salt tolerance is an urgent issue. However, the molecular basis of plant resistance to salinity still remains unclear. In this study, we used two poplar species with different salt sensitivities to conduct RNA-sequencing and physiological and pharmacological analyses; the aim is to study the transcriptional profiles and ionic transport characteristics in the roots of the two Populus subjected to salt stress under hydroponic culture conditions. Our results show that numerous genes related to energy metabolism were highly expressed in Populus alba relative to Populus russkii, which activates vigorous metabolic processes and energy reserves for initiating a set of defense responses when suffering from salinity stress. Moreover, we found the capacity of Na+ transportation by the P. alba high-affinity K+ transporter1;2 (HKT1;2) was superior to that of P. russkii under salt stress, which enables P. alba to efficiently recycle xylem-loaded Na+ and to maintain shoot K+/Na+ homeostasis. Furthermore, the genes involved in the synthesis of ethylene and abscisic acid were up-regulated in P. alba but downregulated in P. russkii under salt stress. In P. alba, the gibberellin inactivation and auxin signaling genes with steady high transcriptions, several antioxidant enzymes activities (such as peroxidase [POD], ascorbate peroxidase [APX], and glutathione reductase [GR]), and glycine-betaine content were significantly increased under salt stress. These factors altogether confer P. alba a higher resistance to salinity, achieving a more efficient coordination between growth modulation and defense response. Our research provides significant evidence to improve the salt tolerance of crops or woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yongbin Ou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Gutiérrez Rodríguez Lucas
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Agrotecnio Center, Universitat de Lleida, 25003 Leida, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.R.d.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Correspondence: (V.R.d.D.); (Y.Y.)
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14
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Ge N, Jia JS, Yang L, Huang RM, Wang QY, Chen C, Meng ZG, Li LG, Chen JW. Exogenous gibberellic acid shortening after-ripening process and promoting seed germination in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36721119 PMCID: PMC9890714 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen is an essential plant in the family of Araliaceae. Its seeds are classified as a type of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and are characterized by recalcitrance during the after-ripening process. However, it is not clear about the molecular mechanism on the after-ripening in recalcitrant seeds. RESULTS In this study, exogenous supply of gibberellic acid (GA3) with different concentrations shortened after-ripening process and promoted the germination of P. notoginseng seeds. Among the identified plant hormone metabolites, exogenous GA3 results in an increased level of endogenous hormone GA3 through permeation. A total of 2971 and 9827 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to 50 mg L-1 GA3 (LG) and 500 mg L-1 GA3 (HG) treatment, respectively, and the plant hormone signal and related metabolic pathways regulated by GA3 was significantly enriched. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that GA3 treatment enhances GA biosynthesis and accumulation, while inhibiting the gene expression related to ABA signal transduction. This effect was associated with higher expression of crucial seed embryo development and cell wall loosening genes, Leafy Contyledon1 (LEC1), Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA), expansins (EXP) and Pectinesterase (PME). CONCLUSIONS Exogenous GA3 application promotes germination and shorts the after-ripening process of P. notoginseng seeds by increasing GA3 contents through permeation. Furthermore, the altered ratio of GA and ABA contributes to the development of the embryo, breaks the mechanical constraints of the seed coat and promotes the protrusion of the radicle in recalcitrant P. notoginseng seeds. These findings improve our knowledge of the contribution of GA to regulating the dormancy of MPD seeds during the after-ripening process, and provide new theoretical guidance for the application of recalcitrant seeds in agricultural production and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ge
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Shan Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Rong-Mei Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Gui Meng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Long-Geng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China.
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15
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Alameldin HF, Montgomery BL. Plasticity of Arabidopsis rosette transcriptomes and photosynthetic responses in dynamic light conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e475. [PMID: 36628154 PMCID: PMC9822700 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the high variability of natural growth environments, plants exhibit flexibility and resilience in regard to the strategies they employ to maintain overall fitness, including maximizing light use for photosynthesis, while simultaneously limiting light-associated damage. We measured distinct parameters of photosynthetic performance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants under dynamic light regimes. Plants were grown to maturity then subjected to the following 5-day (16 h light, 8 h dark) regime: Day 1 at constant light (CL) intensity during light period, representative of a common lab growth condition; Day 2 under sinusoidal variation in light intensity (SL) during the light period that is representative of changes occurring during a clear sunny day; Day 3 under fluctuating light (FL) intensity during the light period that simulates sudden changes that might occur with the movements of clouds in and out of the view of the sun; Day 4, repeat of CL; and Day 5, repeat of FL. We also examined the global transcriptome profile in these growth conditions based on obtaining RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for whole plant rosettes. Our transcriptomic analyses indicated downregulation of photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) associated genes, which were correlated with elevated levels of photoinhibition as indicated by measurements of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), energy-dependent quenching (qE), and inhibitory quenching (qI) under both SL and FL conditions. Furthermore, our transcriptomic results indicated downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis associated genes, coupled with reduced levels of chlorophyll under both SL and FL compared with CL, as well as downregulation of photorespiration-associated genes under SL. We also noticed an enrichment of the stress response gene ontology (GO) terms for genes differentially regulated under FL when compared with SL. Collectively, our phenotypic and transcriptome analyses serve as useful resources for probing the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with plant acclimation to rapid light intensity changes in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussien F. Alameldin
- DOE‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI)Agriculture Research Center (ARC)GizaEgypt
| | - Beronda L. Montgomery
- DOE‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of BiologyGrinnell CollegeGrinnellIowaUSA
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16
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Li X, Meng H, Liu L, Hong C, Zhang C. Metabolic network changes during skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant ( atdfb-3). PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e00467. [PMID: 36438611 PMCID: PMC9684686 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic networks underlying skotomorphogenesis in seedlings remain relatively unknown. On the basis of our previous study on the folate metabolism in seedlings grown in darkness, the plastidial folylpolyglutamate synthetase gene (AtDFB) T-DNA insertion Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (atdfb-3) was examined. Under the nitrate-sufficient condition, the mutant exhibited deficient folate metabolism and hypocotyl elongation, which affected skotomorphogenesis. Further analyses revealed changes to multiple intermediate metabolites related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the etiolated atdfb-3 seedlings. Specifically, the sugar, polyol, and fatty acid contents decreased in the atdfb-3 mutant under the nitrate-sufficient condition, whereas the abundance of various organic acids and amino acids increased. In response to nitrate-limited stress, multiple metabolites, including sugars, polyols, fatty acids, organic acids, and amino acids, accumulated more in the mutant than in the wild-type control. The differences in the contents of multiple metabolites between the atdfb-3 and wild-type seedlings decreased following the addition of exogenous 5-F-THF under both nitrogen conditions. Additionally, the mutant accumulated high levels of one-carbon metabolites, such as Cys, S-adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosylhomocysteine, under both nitrogen conditions. Thus, our data demonstrated that the perturbed folate metabolism in the atdfb-3 seedlings, which was caused by the loss-of-function mutation to AtDFB, probably altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thereby modulating skotomorphogenesis. Furthermore, the study findings provide new evidence of the links among folate metabolism, metabolic networks, and skotomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Li
- College of BioengineeringBeijing PolytechnicBeijingChina
| | - Hongyan Meng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFujian Institute of Subtropical BotanyXiamenChina
| | - Liqing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFujian Institute of Subtropical BotanyXiamenChina
| | - Cuiyun Hong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFujian Institute of Subtropical BotanyXiamenChina
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Xu Y, Wang R, Ma P, Cao J, Cao Y, Zhou Z, Li T, Wu J, Zhang H. A novel maize microRNA negatively regulates resistance to Fusarium verticillioides. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1446-1460. [PMID: 35700097 PMCID: PMC9452762 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the defence response against multiple pathogenic fungi in diverse plant species, few efforts have been devoted to deciphering the involvement of miRNA in resistance to Fusarium verticillioides, a major pathogenic fungus affecting maize production. In this study, we discovered a novel F. verticillioides-responsive miRNA designated zma-unmiR4 in maize kernels. The expression of zma-unmiR4 was significantly repressed in the resistant maize line but induced in the susceptible lines upon exposure to F. verticillioides exposure, whereas its target gene ZmGA2ox4 exhibited the opposite pattern of expression. Heterologous overexpression of zma-unmiR4 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced growth and compromised resistance to F. verticillioides. By contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing ZmGA2ox4 or the homologue AtGA2ox7 showed impaired growth and enhanced resistance to F. verticillioides. Moreover, zma-unmiR4-mediated suppression of AtGA2ox7 disturbed the accumulation of bioactive gibberellin (GA) in transgenic plants and perturbed the expression of a set of defence-related genes in response to F. verticillioides. Exogenous application of GA or a GA biosynthesis inhibitor modulated F. verticillioides resistance in different plants. Taken together, our results suggest that the zma-unmiR4-ZmGA2ox4 module might act as a major player in balancing growth and resistance to F. verticillioides in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Xu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Renjie Wang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Peipei Ma
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiansheng Cao
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zijian Zhou
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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18
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Liu Y, Yuan G, Si H, Sun Y, Jiang Z, Liu D, Jiang C, Pan X, Yang J, Luo Z, Zhang J, Ren M, Pan Y, Sun K, Meng H, Wen L, Xiao Z, Feng Q, Yang A, Cheng L. Identification of QTLs Associated With Agronomic Traits in Tobacco via a Biparental Population and an Eight-Way MAGIC Population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878267. [PMID: 35734263 PMCID: PMC9207565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agronomic traits such as plant height (PH), leaf number (LN), leaf length (LL), and leaf width (LW), which are closely related to yield and quality, are important in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with agronomic traits in tobacco, 209 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and 537 multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) lines were developed. The biparental RIL and MAGIC lines were genotyped using a 430 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip assay, and their agronomic traits were repeatedly evaluated under different conditions. A total of 43 QTLs associated with agronomic traits were identified through a combination of linkage mapping (LM) and association mapping (AM) methods. Among these 43 QTLs, three major QTLs, namely qPH13-3, qPH17-1, and qLW20-1, were repeatedly identified by the use of various genetically diverse populations across different environments. The candidate genes for these major QTLs were subsequently predicted. Validation and utilization of the major QTL qLW20-1 for the improvement of LW in tobacco were investigated. These results could be applied to molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) for breeding important agronomic traits in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangdi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Si
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuhao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China Tobacco Gene Research Centre, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaopeng Luo
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China Tobacco Gene Research Centre, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China Tobacco Gene Research Centre, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kefan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - He Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Liuying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanfu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lirui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Role of MicroRNAs and Their Targeted Genes during Adventitious Root Formation in Dark-Pretreated Micro-Shoot Cuttings of Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030441. [PMID: 35327995 PMCID: PMC8950900 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a difficult-to-root species, and is vegetatively propagated through stem cuttings. Limited information is available regarding the adventitious root (AR) formation of dark-pretreated micro-shoot cuttings. Moreover, the role of specific miRNAs and their targeted genes during dark-pretreated AR formation under in vitro conditions has never been revealed. The dark pretreatment has successfully promoted and stimulated adventitious rooting signaling-related genes in tissue-cultured stem cuttings with the application of auxin (0.2 mg L−1 IBA). Histological analysis was performed for AR formation at 0, 12, 36, 48, and 72 h after excision (HAE) of the cuttings. The first histological events were observed at 36 HAE in the dark-pretreated cuttings; however, no cellular activities were observed in the control cuttings. In addition, the present study aimed to uncover the role of differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targeted genes during adventitious root formation using the lower portion (1–1.5 cm) of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia L. micro-shoot cuttings. The samples were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology for the identification of miRNAs at the mentioned time points. Seven DE miRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. The DE number of 81, 162, 153, 154, 41, 9, and 77 miRNAs were upregulated, whereas 67, 98, 84, 116, 19, 16, and 93 miRNAs were downregulated in the following comparisons of the libraries: 0-vs-12, 0-vs-36, 0-vs-48, 0-vs-72, 12-vs-36, 36-vs-48, and 48-vs-72, respectively. Furthermore, we depicted an association between ten miRNAs (novel-m0778-3p, miR6135e.2-5p, miR477-3p, miR4416c-5p, miR946d, miR398b, miR389a-3p, novel m0068-5p, novel-m0650-3p, and novel-m0560-3p) and important target genes (auxin response factor-3, gretchen hagen-9, scarecrow-like-1, squamosa promoter-binding protein-like-12, small auxin upregulated RNA-70, binding protein-9, vacuolar invertase-1, starch synthase-3, sucrose synthase-3, probable starch synthase-3, cell wall invertase-4, and trehalose phosphatase synthase-5), all of which play a role in plant hormone signaling and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the relative expression of these miRNAs and their targeted genes. These results provide novel insights and a foundation for further studies to elucidate the molecular factors and processes controlling AR formation in woody plants.
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20
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Dong S, Tarkowska D, Sedaghatmehr M, Welsch M, Gupta S, Mueller-Roeber B, Balazadeh S. The HB40-JUB1 transcriptional regulatory network controls gibberellin homeostasis in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:322-339. [PMID: 34728415 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that play fundamental roles in almost every aspect of plant growth and development. Although GA biosynthetic and signaling pathways are well understood, the mechanisms that control GA homeostasis remain largely unclear in plants. Here, we demonstrate that the homeobox transcription factor (TF) HB40 of the HD-Zip family regulates GA content at two additive control levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that HB40 expression is induced by GA and in turn reduces the levels of endogenous bioactive GAs by simultaneously reducing GA biosynthesis and increasing GA deactivation. Consistently, HB40 overexpression leads to typical GA-deficiency traits, such as small rosettes, reduced plant height, delayed flowering, and male sterility. By contrast, a loss-of-function hb40 mutation enhances GA-controlled growth. Genome-wide RNA sequencing combined with molecular-genetic analyses revealed that HB40 directly activates the transcription of JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1), a key TF that represses growth by suppressing GA biosynthesis and signaling. HB40 also activates genes encoding GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs), which are major GA-catabolic enzymes. The effect of HB40 on plant growth is ultimately mediated through the induction of nuclear growth-repressing DELLA proteins. Collectively, our results reveal the important role of the HB40-JUB1 regulatory network in controlling GA homeostasis during plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchao Dong
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danuse Tarkowska
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mastoureh Sedaghatmehr
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maryna Welsch
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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21
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Liang Q, Song K, Lu M, Dai T, Yang J, Wan J, Li L, Chen J, Zhan R, Wang S. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal the Involvement of Multiple Pathways in Flowering Intensity in Mango. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:933923. [PMID: 35909785 PMCID: PMC9330041 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.933923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is famous for its sweet flavor and aroma. China is one of the major mango-producing countries. Mango is known for variations in flowering intensity that impacts fruit yield and farmers' profitability. In the present study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses of three cultivars with different flowering intensities were performed to preliminarily elucidate their regulatory mechanisms. The transcriptome profiling identified 36,242 genes. The major observation was the differential expression patterns of 334 flowering-related genes among the three mango varieties. The metabolome profiling detected 1,023 metabolites that were grouped into 11 compound classes. Our results show that the interplay of the FLOWERING LOCUS T and CONSTANS together with their upstream/downstream regulators/repressors modulate flowering robustness. We found that both gibberellins and auxins are associated with the flowering intensities of studied mango varieties. Finally, we discuss the roles of sugar biosynthesis and ambient temperature pathways in mango flowering. Overall, this study presents multiple pathways that can be manipulated in mango trees regarding flowering robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qingzhi Liang
| | - Kanghua Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingsheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Puer, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Puer, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rulin Zhan
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Rulin Zhan
| | - Songbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- Songbiao Wang
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22
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Shohat H, Cheriker H, Kilambi HV, Illouz Eliaz N, Blum S, Amsellem Z, Tarkowská D, Aharoni A, Eshed Y, Weiss D. Inhibition of gibberellin accumulation by water deficiency promotes fast and long-term 'drought avoidance' responses in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1985-1998. [PMID: 34541677 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants reduce transpiration to avoid dehydration during drought episodes by stomatal closure and inhibition of canopy growth. Previous studies have suggested that low gibberellin (GA) activity promotes these 'drought avoidance' responses. Using genome editing, molecular, physiological and hormone analyses, we examined if drought regulates GA metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) guard cells and leaves, and studied how this affects water loss. Water deficiency inhibited the expression of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20 oxidase1 (GA20ox1) and GA20ox2 and induced the GA deactivating gene GA2ox7 in guard cells and leaf tissue, resulting in reduced levels of bioactive GAs. These effects were mediated by abscisic acid-dependent and abscisic acid-independent pathways, and by the transcription factor TINY1. The loss of GA2ox7 attenuated stomatal response to water deficiency and during soil dehydration, ga2ox7 plants closed their stomata later, and wilted faster than wild-type (WT) M82 cv. Mutations in GA20ox1 and GA20ox2, had no effect on stomatal closure, but reduced water loss due to the mutants' smaller canopy areas. The results suggested that drought-induced GA deactivation in guard cells, contributes to stomatal closure at the early stages of soil dehydration, whereas inhibition of GA synthesis in leaves suppresses canopy growth and restricts transpiration area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Shohat
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hadar Cheriker
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Himabindu Vasuki Kilambi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Natanella Illouz Eliaz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Shula Blum
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ziva Amsellem
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yuval Eshed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Guo B, Zeng S, Yin Y, Li L, Ma G, Wu K, Fang L. Characterization of phytohormone and transcriptome profiles during protocorm-like bodies development of Paphiopedilum. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:806. [PMID: 34749655 PMCID: PMC8576892 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paphiopedilum, commonly known as slipper orchid, is an important genus of orchid family with prominent horticultural value. Compared with conventional methods such as tillers and in vitro shoots multiplication, induction and regeneration of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) is an effective micropropagation method in Paphiopedilum. The PLB initiation efficiency varies among species, hybrids and varieties, which leads to only a few Paphiopedilum species can be large-scale propagated through PLBs. So far, little is known about the mechanisms behind the initiation and maintenance of PLB in Paphiopedilum. RESULTS A protocol to induce PLB development from seed-derived protocorms of Paphiopedilum SCBG Huihuang90 (P. SCBG Prince × P. SCBG Miracle) was established. The morphological characterization of four key PLB developmental stages showed that significant polarity and cell size gradients were observed within each PLB. The endogenous hormone level was evaluated. The increase in the levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) accompanying the PLBs differentiation, suggesting auxin and JA levels were correlated with PLB development. Gibberellic acid (GA) decreased to a very low level, indicated that GA inactivation may be necessary for shoot apical meristem (SAM) development. Comparative transcriptomic profiles of four different developmental stages of P. SCBG Huihuang90 PLBs explore key genes involved in PLB development. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three pairwise comparisons (A vs B, B vs C, C vs D) were 1455, 349, and 3529, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were implicated in secondary metabolite metabolism and photosynthesis. DEGs related to hormone metabolism and signaling, somatic embryogenesis, shoot development and photosynthesis were discussed in detail. CONCLUSION This study is the first report on PLB development in Paphiopedilum using transcriptome sequencing, which provides useful information to understand the mechanisms of PLB development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Yuying Yin
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Guohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Kunlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Lin Fang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
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Miao T, Li D, Huang Z, Huang Y, Li S, Wang Y. Gibberellin regulates UV-B-induced hypocotyl growth inhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1966587. [PMID: 34463604 PMCID: PMC8526026 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1966587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant response to light is a complex and diverse phenomenon. Several studies have elucidated the mechanisms via which light and hormones regulate hypocotyl growth. However, the hormone-dependent ultraviolet-B (UV-B) response in plants remains obscure. Involvement of gibberellins (GAs) in UV-B-induced hypocotyl inhibition and its mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated in the present research. UV-B exposure remarkably decreased the endogenous GA3 content through the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) receptor pathway, and exogenous GA3 partially restored the hypocotyl growth. UV-B irradiation affected the expression levels of GA metabolism-related genes (GA20ox1, GA2ox1 and GA3ox1) in the hy5-215 mutant, resulting in increased GA content.ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) promoted the accumulation of DELLA proteins under UV-B radiation; HY5 appeared to regulate the abundance of DELLAs at the transcriptional level under UV-B. As a result, the GA3 content decreased, which eventually led to the shortening of the hypocotyl. To conclude, the present study provides new insight into the regulation of plant photomorphogenesis under UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Miao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Shaoshan Li Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510631, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Yan Wang College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Martin RC, Kronmiller BA, Dombrowski JE. Transcriptome Analysis of Lolium temulentum Exposed to a Combination of Drought and Heat Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112247. [PMID: 34834610 PMCID: PMC8621252 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat are two major stresses predicted to increase in the future due to climate change. Plants exposed to multiple stressors elicit unique responses from those observed under individual stresses. A comparative transcriptome analysis of Lolium temulentum exposed to drought plus heat and non-stressed control plants revealed 20,221 unique up-regulated and 17,034 unique down-regulated differentially regulated transcripts. Gene ontology analysis revealed a strong emphasis on transcriptional regulation, protein folding, cell cycle/parts, organelles, binding, transport, signaling, oxidoreductase, and antioxidant activity. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding for transcriptional control proteins such as basic leucine zipper, APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor, NAC, and WRKY transcription factors, and Zinc Finger (CCCH type and others) proteins were more often up-regulated, while DEGs encoding Basic Helix-Loop-Helix, MYB and GATA transcription factors, and C2H2 type Zinc Finger proteins were more often down-regulated. The DEGs encoding heat shock transcription factors were only up-regulated. Of the hormones, auxin-related DEGs were the most prevalent, encoding for auxin response factors, binding proteins, and efflux/influx carriers. Gibberellin-, cytokinin- and ABA-related DEGs were also prevalent, with fewer DEGs related to jasmonates and brassinosteroids. Knowledge of genes/pathways that grasses use to respond to the combination of heat/drought will be useful in developing multi-stress resistant grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C. Martin
- USDA-ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-7102, USA;
| | - Brent A. Kronmiller
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-7102, USA;
| | - James E. Dombrowski
- USDA-ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-7102, USA;
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26
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Fang L, Kong X, Wen Y, Li J, Yin Y, Li L, Ma G, Wu K, Zeng S. Characterization of embryo and protocorm development of Paphiopedilum spicerianum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:1024-1034. [PMID: 34598022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paphiopedilum spicerianum (P. spicerianum) is a rare orchid species with high ornamental value. Asymbiotic germination is the most efficient propagation method for conservation and commercial purposes because clonal propagation is very difficult and the separation of native species of Paphiopedilum through aseptic seeding is uncommon owing to their conservatism. However, a high protocorm developmental arresting rate during the asymbiotic germination is the major obstacle for seedling establishment. The fundamental understanding of embryo and protocorm developmental mechanisms will guide the development of an effective propagation method. The morphological and physiological characterization of the key developmental process of embryos and protocorms shows that the mature seeds of P. spicerianum consist of a spherical embryo without an endosperm. Seed coats become heavily lignified once the embryo is mature. Embryo cell size is relatively uniform, and significant structure polarity and cell size gradients occur at the early protocorm stage. The high level of auxin and cytokinin accumulation at the early stage of embryo development and protocorm stage may help to facilitate cell division. The transcriptome profiles of protocorms at three different developmental stages were compared to explore the regulatory mechanism of protocorm development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were implicated in secondary metabolite metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and photosynthesis. The temporal expression patterns of candidate genes related to embryo and shoot development were analyzed to reveal their roles in protocorm development: in the early stage of protocorm development, embryonic development related genes such as SERKs and BBM1 were active, while in the late stage of protocorm, shoot apical meristem related genes such as WOX8, CLAVATA2, CUC2, and SCR were active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Xinping Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yingting Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ji Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yuying Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Guohua Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Kunlin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Li Y, Shan X, Jiang Z, Zhao L, Jin F. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the GA2ox gene family in maize (Zea mays L.) under various abiotic stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:621-633. [PMID: 34192648 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) are a class of enzymes that inhibit the biosynthesis of bioactive GAs in plants. Although GA2oxs have clear roles in the development and defence responses in Arabidopsis, rice, and wheat, their potential effects on maize remain unclear. This study identified thirteen ZmGA2ox genes in maize and further characterized them using phylogenetic, gene structure, genomic locus, expression pattern analyses and GA content determination. Phylogenetic relationship analysis clearly divided the ZmGA2ox family into three groups-seven in C19-GA2ox class I, three in C19-GA2ox class II, and three in C20-GA2ox class. Evolutionary analysis suggested that ZmGA2ox1;1 and ZmGA2ox1;2, ZmGA2ox3;1 and ZmGA2ox3;2, and ZmGA2ox7;1 and ZmGA2ox7;2 are three pairs of segmental duplicated genes. Prediction of cis-regulatory elements in promoters suggested that ZmGA2ox genes were mainly associated with growth, development, hormones, and biotic/abiotic stress. Therefore, their spatial and temporal expression patterns and responses to various stress treatments were analysed on the basis of published RNA-seq data. Moreover, the changes of ZmGA2ox expression in leaves and roots of maize seedlings was detected under salt, alkali, dehydration, and cold stresses by qRT-PCR. The ZmGA2oxs exhibited obvious expression tendencies or characteristics in various organs under different abiotic stresses. The variations in the expression of three ZmGA2ox genes in the C20-GA2ox class in maize seedling roots showed significant regularity and a clear negative correlation with bioactive GA contents under cold and drought conditions, indicating that these three genes might exert key effects on the regulation of GA synthesis and the response to drought and cold stress. Taken together, this study is useful for further dissection of the effect of ZmGA2oxs on abiotic stress responses and might provide potential targets for the genetic improvement of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Li
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhilei Jiang
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Fengxue Jin
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
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Hsieh KT, Chen YT, Hu TJ, Lin SM, Hsieh CH, Liu SH, Shiue SY, Lo SF, Wang IW, Tseng CS, Chen LJ. Comparisons within the Rice GA 2-Oxidase Gene Family Revealed Three Dominant Paralogs and a Functional Attenuated Gene that Led to the Identification of Four Amino Acid Variants Associated with GA Deactivation Capability. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:70. [PMID: 34322729 PMCID: PMC8319247 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) are involved in regulating GA homeostasis in plants by inactivating bioactive GAs through 2β-hydroxylation. Rice GA2oxs are encoded by a family of 10 genes; some of them have been characterized, but no comprehensive comparisons for all these genes have been conducted. RESULTS Rice plants with nine functional GA2oxs were demonstrated in the present study, and these genes not only were differentially expressed but also revealed various capabilities for GA deactivation based on their height-reducing effects in transgenic plants. Compared to that of wild-type plants, the relative plant height (RPH) of transgenic plants was scored to estimate their reducing effects, and 8.3% to 59.5% RPH was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of class I GA2ox genes revealed two functionally distinct clades in the Poaceae. The OsGA2ox3, 4, and 8 genes belonging to clade A showed the most severe effect (8.3% to 8.7% RPH) on plant height reduction, whereas the OsGA2ox7 gene belonging to clade B showed the least severe effect (59.5% RPH). The clade A OsGA2ox3 gene contained two conserved C186/C194 amino acids that were crucial for enzymatic activity. In the present study, these amino acids were replaced with OsGA2ox7-conserved arginine (C186R) and proline (C194P), respectively, or simultaneously (C186R/C194P) to demonstrate their importance in planta. Another two amino acids, Q220 and Y274, conserved in OsGA2ox3 were substituted with glutamic acid (E) and phenylalanine (F), respectively, or simultaneously to show their significance in planta. In addition, through sequence divergence, RNA expression profile and GA deactivation capability analyses, we proposed that OsGA2ox1, OsGA2ox3 and OsGA2ox6 function as the predominant paralogs in each of their respective classes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates rice has nine functional GA2oxs and the class I GA2ox genes are divided into two functionally distinct clades. Among them, the OsGA2ox7 of clade B is a functional attenuated gene and the OsGA2ox1, OsGA2ox3 and OsGA2ox6 are the three predominant paralogs in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen Hu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hui Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Yu Shiue
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Fang Lo
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Tseng
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jwu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Ramírez-Tejero JA, Jiménez-Ruiz J, Serrano A, Belaj A, León L, de la Rosa R, Mercado-Blanco J, Luque F. Verticillium wilt resistant and susceptible olive cultivars express a very different basal set of genes in roots. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:229. [PMID: 33794765 PMCID: PMC8017696 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive orchards are threatened by a wide range of pathogens. Of these, Verticillium dahliae has been in the spotlight for its high incidence, the difficulty to control it and the few cultivars that has increased tolerance to the pathogen. Disease resistance not only depends on detection of pathogen invasion and induction of responses by the plant, but also on barriers to avoid the invasion and active resistance mechanisms constitutively expressed in the absence of the pathogen. In a previous work we found that two healthy non-infected plants from cultivars that differ in V. dahliae resistance such as 'Frantoio' (resistant) and 'Picual' (susceptible) had a different root morphology and gene expression pattern. In this work, we have addressed the issue of basal differences in the roots between Resistant and Susceptible cultivars. RESULTS The gene expression pattern of roots from 29 olive cultivars with different degree of resistance/susceptibility to V. dahliae was analyzed by RNA-Seq. However, only the Highly Resistant and Extremely Susceptible cultivars showed significant differences in gene expression among various groups of cultivars. A set of 421 genes showing an inverse differential expression level between the Highly Resistant to Extremely Susceptible cultivars was found and analyzed. The main differences involved higher expression of a series of transcription factors and genes involved in processes of molecules importation to nucleus, plant defense genes and lower expression of root growth and development genes in Highly Resistant cultivars, while a reverse pattern in Moderately Susceptible and more pronounced in Extremely Susceptible cultivars were observed. CONCLUSION According to the different gene expression patterns, it seems that the roots of the Extremely Susceptible cultivars focus more on growth and development, while some other functions, such as defense against pathogens, have a higher expression level in roots of Highly Resistant cultivars. Therefore, it seems that there are constitutive differences in the roots between Resistant and Susceptible cultivars, and that susceptible roots seem to provide a more suitable environment for the pathogen than the resistant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Ramírez-Tejero
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Jaime Jiménez-Ruiz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Alicia Serrano
- Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo' Center, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angjelina Belaj
- Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo' Center, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lorenzo León
- Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo' Center, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl de la Rosa
- Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo' Center, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Luque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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Bai X, Chen T, Wu Y, Tang M, Xu ZF. Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis in the Oil-Rich Tuber Crop Tiger Nut ( Cyperus esculentus) Based on Transcriptome Data. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052569. [PMID: 33806437 PMCID: PMC7961719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus), a perennial C4 plant of the Cyperaceae family, is an unconventional crop that is distinguished by its oil-rich tubers, which also possesses the advantages of strong resistance, wide adaptability, short life periods, and large biomass. To facilitate studies on gene expression in this species, we identified and validated a series of reference genes (RGs) based on transcriptome data, which can be employed as internal controls for qRT-PCR analysis in tiger nut. Fourteen putative candidate RGs were identified and evaluated across nine different tissues of two cultivars, and the RGs were analyzed using three different algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper). The stability rankings of the candidate RGs were merged into consensus lists with RankAggreg. For the below-ground storage organ of tiger nut, the optimal RGs were TUB4 and UCE2 in different developmental stages of tubers. UCE2 and UBL5 were the most stably expressed RGs among all tissues, while Rubisco and PGK exhibited the lowest expression stability. UCE2, UBL5 and Rubisco were compared to normalize the expression levels of the caleosin (CLO) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2-2 (DGAT2-2) genes across the same tissues. Our results showed that the RGs identified in this study, which exhibit more uniform expression patterns, may be utilized for the normalization of qRT-PCR results, promoting further research on gene expression in various tissues of tiger nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China; (X.B.); (T.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China; (X.B.); (T.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China; (X.B.); (T.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China; (X.B.); (T.C.); (Y.W.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Z.-F.X.)
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China; (X.B.); (T.C.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Z.-F.X.)
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Dou L, Li Z, Shen Q, Shi H, Li H, Wang W, Zou C, Shang H, Li H, Xiao G. Genome-wide characterization of the WAK gene family and expression analysis under plant hormone treatment in cotton. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:85. [PMID: 33509085 PMCID: PMC7842020 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wall-associated kinases (WAK), one of the receptor-like kinases (RLK), function directly in the connection and communication between the plant cell wall and the cytoplasm. WAK genes are highly conserved and have been identified in plants, such as rice, but there is little research on the WAK gene family in cotton. RESULTS In the present study, we identified 29 GhWAK genes in Gossypium hirsutum. Phylogenetic analysis showed that cotton WAK proteins can be divided into five clades. The results of synteny and Ka/Ks analysis showed that the GhWAK genes mainly originated from whole genome duplication (WGD) and were then mainly under purifying selection. Transcriptome data and real-time PCR showed that 97% of GhWAK genes highly expressed in cotton fibers and ovules. β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining assays showed that GhWAK5 and GhWAK16 expressed in Arabidopsis leaf trichomes. Fourteen GhWAK genes were found to possess putative gibberellin (GA) response elements in the promoter regions, 13 of which were significantly induced by GA treatment. Ten GhWAK genes contained auxin (IAA) response elements and the expression level of nine GhWAKs significantly increased under auxin treatment. CONCLUSIONS We provide a preliminary analysis of the WAK gene family in G. hirsutum, which sheds light on the potantial roles of GhWAK genes in cotton fiber cell development. Our data also provides a useful resource for future studies on the functional roles of GhWAK genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Dou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Qian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Huiran Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Huaizhu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changsong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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32
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Bertolotti G, Unterholzner SJ, Scintu D, Salvi E, Svolacchia N, Di Mambro R, Ruta V, Linhares Scaglia F, Vittorioso P, Sabatini S, Costantino P, Dello Ioio R. A PHABULOSA-Controlled Genetic Pathway Regulates Ground Tissue Patterning in the Arabidopsis Root. Curr Biol 2021; 31:420-426.e6. [PMID: 33176130 PMCID: PMC7846283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In both animals and plants, development involves anatomical modifications. In the root of Arabidopsis thaliana, maturation of the ground tissue (GT)—a tissue comprising all cells between epidermal and vascular ones—is a paradigmatic example of these modifications, as it generates an additional tissue layer, the middle cortex (MC).1, 2, 3, 4 In early post-embryonic phases, the Arabidopsis root GT is composed of one layer of endodermis and one of cortex. A second cortex layer, the MC, is generated by asymmetric cell divisions in about 80% of Arabidopsis primary roots, in a time window spanning from 7 to 14 days post-germination (dpg). The cell cycle regulator CYCLIN D6;1 (CYCD6;1) plays a central role in this process, as its accumulation in the endodermis triggers the formation of MC.5 The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) is a key regulator of the timing of MC formation, as alterations in its signaling and homeostasis result in precocious endodermal asymmetric cell divisions.3,6,7 However, little is known on how GAs are regulated during GT maturation. Here, we show that the HOMEODOMAIN LEUCINE ZIPPER III (HD-ZIPIII) transcription factor PHABULOSA (PHB) is a master regulator of MC formation, controlling the accumulation of CYCD6;1 in the endodermis in a cell non-autonomous manner. We show that PHB activates the GA catabolic gene GIBBERELLIN 2 OXIDASE 2 (GA2ox2) in the vascular tissue, thus regulating the stability of the DELLA protein GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE (GAI)—a GA signaling repressor—in the root and, hence, CYCD6;1 expression in the endodermis. PHB regulates cell non-autonomously the timing of MC formation A time-dependent rise of PHB expression controls the CYCD6;1 switch in the GT PHB regulates GAI stability modulating GA levels PHB regulates root GA levels activating GA2ox2 expression in the vasculature
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Josef Unterholzner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazzale Università, 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Daria Scintu
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Salvi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Svolacchia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Ruta
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Vittorioso
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Hedden P. The Current Status of Research on Gibberellin Biosynthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1832-1849. [PMID: 32652020 PMCID: PMC7758035 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins are produced by all vascular plants and several fungal and bacterial species that associate with plants as pathogens or symbionts. In the 60 years since the first experiments on the biosynthesis of gibberellic acid in the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, research on gibberellin biosynthesis has advanced to provide detailed information on the pathways, biosynthetic enzymes and their genes in all three kingdoms, in which the production of the hormones evolved independently. Gibberellins function as hormones in plants, affecting growth and differentiation in organs in which their concentration is very tightly regulated. Current research in plants is focused particularly on the regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation by developmental and environmental cues, and there is now considerable information on the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. There have also been recent advances in understanding gibberellin transport and distribution and their relevance to plant development. This review describes our current understanding of gibberellin metabolism and its regulation, highlighting the more recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hedden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palack� University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Wan Y, Tian J, Xie W. Development of EST-SSR Markers Linked to Flowering Candidate Genes in Elymus sibiricus L. Based on RNA Sequencing. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101371. [PMID: 33076513 PMCID: PMC7650638 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elymus sibiricus L. is an important cold-season grass with excellent cold and drought tolerance, good palatability, and nutrition. Flowering time is a key trait that affects forage and seed yield. Development of EST-SSR (expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat) markers based on flowering genes contributes to the improvement of flowering traits. In the study, we detected 155 candidate genes related to flowering traits from 10,591 unigenes via transcriptome sequencing in early- and late-flowering genotypes. These candidate genes were mainly involved in the photoperiodic pathway, vernalization pathway, central integrator, and gibberellin pathway. A total of 125 candidate gene-based EST-SSRs were developed. Further, 15 polymorphic EST-SSRs closely associated to 13 candidate genes were used for genetic diversity and population structure analysis among 20 E. sibiricus accessions, including two contrasting panels (early-flowering and late-flowering). Among them, primer 28366, designed from heading date 3a (HD3a), effectively distinguished early- and late-flowering genotypes using a specifically amplified band of 175 bp. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.12 to 0.48, with an average of 0.25. The unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA) cluster and structure analysis showed that the 20 E. sibiricus genotypes with similar flowering times tended to group together. These newly developed EST-SSR markers have the potential to be used for molecular markers assisted selection and germplasm evaluation of flowering traits in E. sibiricus.
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Libao C, Yuyan H, Minrong Z, Xiaoyong X, Zhiguang S, Chunfei W, Shuyan L, Zhubing H. Gene expression profiling reveals the effects of light on adventitious root formation in lotus seedlings (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:707. [PMID: 33045982 PMCID: PMC7552355 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotus is an aquatic horticultural crop that is widely cultivated in most regions of China and is used as an important off-season vegetable. The principal root of lotus is degenerated, and adventitious roots (ARs) are irreplaceable for plant growth. We found that no ARs formed under darkness and that exposure to high-intensity light significantly promoted the development of root primordia. Four differential expression libraries based on three light intensities were constructed to monitor metabolic changes, especially in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and sugar metabolism. RESULTS AR formation was significantly affected by light, and high light intensity accelerated AR development. Metabolic changes during AR formation under different light intensities were evaluated using gene expression profiling by high-throughput tag-sequencing. More than 2.2 × 104 genes were obtained in each library; the expression level of most genes was between 0.01 and 100 (FPKF value). Libraries constructed from plants grown under darkness (D/CK), under 5000 lx (E/CK), and under 20,000 lx (F/CK) contained 1739, 1683, and 1462 upregulated genes and 1533, 995, and 834 downregulated genes, respectively, when compared to those in the initial state (CK). Additionally, we found that 1454 and 478 genes had altered expression in a comparison of libraries D/CK and F/CK. Gene transcription between libraries D/F ranged from a 5-fold decrease to a 5-fold increase. Twenty differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the signal transduction pathway, 28 DEGs were related to the IAA response, and 35 DEGs were involved in sugar metabolism. We observed that the IAA content was enhanced after seed germination, even in darkness; this was responsible for AR formation. We also observed that sucrose could eliminate the negative effect of 150 μMol IAA during AR development. CONCLUSIONS AR formation was regulated by IAA, even in the dark, where induction and developmental processes could also be completed. In addition, 36 genes displayed altered expression in carbohydrate metabolism and ucrose metabolism was involved in AR development (expressed stage) according to gene expression and content change characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Libao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Han Yuyan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zhao Minrong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Xiaoyong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Shen Zhiguang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Wang Chunfei
- Henghui Food Co., Ltd of Yancheng, Kaifeng, 224700 China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhubing
- Henghui Food Co., Ltd of Yancheng, Kaifeng, 224700 China
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Xie Y, Chen L. Epigenetic Regulation of Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 61:1912-1918. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The precise regulation of gibberellin (GA) metabolism and signaling is essential for plant development and environmental responses. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, such as histone modification, noncoding RNA-mediated regulation, chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation, are emerging as important means of fine-tuning gene expression. Recent studies have significantly improved our understanding of the relationships between epigenetic regulation and GA metabolism and signaling. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications affect GA metabolism and signaling pathways and provide new insight into an unfolding avenue of research related to the epigenetic regulation of GA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Cong L, Wu T, Liu H, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhao G, Wen Y, Shi Q, Xu L, Wang Z. CPPU may induce gibberellin-independent parthenocarpy associated with PbRR9 in 'Dangshansu' pear. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:68. [PMID: 32377358 PMCID: PMC7192895 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy is a valuable trait in self-incompatible plants, such as pear. N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU), a synthetic cytokinin analog, can induce parthenocarpy in pear (Pyrus spp.), but the mechanism of induction is unclear. To investigate the role of gibberellin in CPPU-induced parthenocarpy in pear, CPPU supplemented with paclobutrazol (PAC) was sprayed onto 'Dangshansu' pear. We found that the fruit set rate of pear treated with CPPU supplemented with PAC was identical to that in a CPPU-alone treatment group. In regard to cell development, CPPU mainly promoted hypanthium cell division and expansion, and PAC application had no influence on CPPU-induced cell development. RNA sequencing revealed that gibberellin 20 oxidase and gibberellin 3 oxidase genes were not differentially expressed following CPPU treatment. According to the analysis of fruit phytohormone content, the CPPU treatments did not induce gibberellin biosynthesis. These results suggest that CPPU-induced parthenocarpy may be gibberellin independent in 'Dangshansu' pear. After CPPU treatment, the indole acetic acid (IAA) content in fruit was significantly increased, and the abscisic acid (ABA) content was significantly decreased. Similarly, RNA sequencing revealed that many genes involved in the auxin and ABA pathways were significantly differentially expressed in the CPPU treatment groups; among them, indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase (YUCCA) was significantly upregulated and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) was significantly downregulated. IAA and ABA may thus play important roles in CPPU-induced parthenocarpy. PbTwo-component response regulator9 (PbRR9), PbYUCCA4, and PbNCED6 were then selected to further elucidate the mechanism of CPPU-induced parthenocarpy. A yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that PbRR9 can combine with the PbYUCCA4 and PbNCED6 promoters. Dual luciferase assays revealed that PbRR9 can promote and repress the activities of the PbYUCCA4 and PbNCED6 promoters, respectively. After the transient expression of PbRR9 in fruits, PbYUCCA4 expression was significantly upregulated, and PbNCED6 expression was significantly downregulated. This study uncovered a CPPU-induced parthenocarpy mechanism that is different from that in tomato. CPPU may upregulate PbYUCCA4 and downregulate PbNCED6 by upregulating PbRR9, thereby increasing IAA content and decreasing ABA content to ultimately induce parthenocarpy in 'Dangshansu' pear. However, because only a single time point was used and because 'botanical' and 'accessory' fruits have different structures, this conclusion is still preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Cong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
| | - Hanting Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
| | - Huibin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
| | - Guangping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
| | - Yao Wen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
| | - Qianrong Shi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng, Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi, Province China
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Wu M, Ge Y, Xu C, Wang J. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Hexaploid Solidago canadensis Roots Reveals its Invasive Capacity Related to Polyploidy. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020187. [PMID: 32050732 PMCID: PMC7074301 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploid plants are more often invasive species than their diploid counterparts. As the invasiveness of a species is often linked to its production of allelopathic compounds, we hypothesize that differences in invasive ability between cytotypes may be due to their different ability to synthesize allelopathic metabolites. We test this using two cytotypes of Solidago canadensis as the model and use integrated metabolome and transcriptome data to resolve the question. Metabolome analysis identified 122 metabolites about flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and terpenoids, of which 57 were differentially accumulated between the two cytotypes. Transcriptome analysis showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in ‘biosynthesis of secondary metabolites’, ‘plant hormone signal transduction’, and ‘MAPK signaling’, covering most steps of plant allelopathic metabolite synthesis. Importantly, the differentially accumulated flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and terpenoids were closely correlated with related DEGs. Furthermore, 30 miRNAs were found to be negatively associated with putative targets, and they were thought to be involved in target gene expression regulation. These miRNAs probably play a vital role in the regulation of metabolite synthesis in hexaploid S. canadensis. The two cytotypes of S. canadensis differ in the allelopathic metabolite synthesis and this difference is associated with regulation of expression of a range of genes. These results suggest that changes in gene expression may underlying the increased invasive potential of the polyploidy.
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Ziyuan L, Chunfei W, Jianjun Y, Xian L, Liangjun L, Libao C, Shuyan L. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of lotus salt-induced NnDREB2C, NnPIP1-2 and NnPIP2-1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:497-506. [PMID: 31654214 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element bindings transcription factor (DREBs) and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) have been characterized multi-functions in plant growth and metabolism, as well as in the adaptation to various stresses. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of NnDREB2C from a salt-tolerated lotus species with RT-PCR methods. Analysis of qRT-PCR demonstrated that NnDREB2C mRNA in the leaf dramatically increased after the treatments of NaCl, abscisic acid, low temperature and mannitol. Next, NnDREB2C was cloned into constitutive expression vector pSN1301, which in turn transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate its function in plants. NnDREB2C overexpression significantly elevated Arabidopsis tolerance against salt and drought stresses, showing higher survival rates, lower conductivity and more chlorophyll content than those of wild-type plants. Moreover, higher germination rates were observed in the NnDREB2C overproducing plants when subjected into the stresses of NaCl and mannitol. Furthermore, we investigate the potential down-stream genes regulated by NnDREB2C and observed a significant increase in expressions of several genes belonging to PIPs family, including PIP1-1, PIP1-2, PIP1-3, PIP1-4 and PIP1-5. Consistently, overexpressed NnPIP1-2 and NnPIP2-1 conferred Arabidopsis the tolerance to stresses. Taken together, we concluded that overexpression of NnDREB2C enhanced the tolerance of salt and drought stresses in plants, which might probably be derived from the increased expression of the genes belonging to PIPs family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ziyuan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Chunfei
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang Jianjun
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Xian
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liangjun
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Libao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Xu H, Shi X, Zhen W, Hu Z, Huang J, Zheng Y, Huang P, Zhang KX, Xiao X, Hao X, Wang X, Zhou C, Wang G, Li C, Zheng L. HY5 Contributes to Light-Regulated Root System Architecture Under a Root-Covered Culture System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1490. [PMID: 31850011 PMCID: PMC6892842 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for plant organogenesis and development. Light-regulated shoot morphogenesis has been extensively studied; however, the mechanisms by which plant roots perceive and respond to aboveground light are largely unknown, particularly because the roots of most terrestrial plants are usually located underground in darkness. To mimic natural root growth conditions, we developed a root-covered system (RCS) in which the shoots were illuminated and the plant roots could be either exposed to light or cultivated in darkness. Using the RCS, we observed that root growth of wild-type plants was significantly promoted when the roots were in darkness, whereas it was inhibited by direct light exposure. This growth change seems to be regulated by ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a master regulator of photomorphogenesis. Light was found to regulate HY5 expression in the roots, while a HY5 deficiency partially abolished the inhibition of growth in roots directly exposed to light, suggesting that HY5 expression is induced by direct light exposure and inhibits root growth. However, no differences in HY5 expression were observed between illuminated and dark-grown cop1 roots, indicating that HY5 may be regulated by COP1-mediated proteasome degradation. We confirmed the crucial role of HY5 in regulating root development in response to light under soil-grown conditions. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that light controls the expression of numerous genes involved in phytohormone signaling, stress adaptation, and metabolic processes in a HY5-dependent manner. In combination with the results of the flavonol quantification and exogenous quercetin application, these findings suggested that HY5 regulates the root response to light through a complex network that integrates flavonol biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species signaling. Collectively, our results indicate that HY5 is a master regulator of root photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiong Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weibo Zhen
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Huang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kun-Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang, ; Chen Li, ; Lanlan Zheng,
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang, ; Chen Li, ; Lanlan Zheng,
| | - Lanlan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang, ; Chen Li, ; Lanlan Zheng,
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