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Safavi-Rizi V, Uhlig T, Lutter F, Safavi-Rizi H, Krajinski-Barth F, Sasso S. Reciprocal modulation of responses to nitrate starvation and hypoxia in roots and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2300228. [PMID: 38165809 PMCID: PMC10763642 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The flooding of agricultural land leads to hypoxia and nitrate leaching. While understanding the plant's response to these conditions is essential for crop improvement, the effect of extended nitrate limitation on subsequent hypoxia has not been studied in an organ-specific manner. We cultivated Arabidopsis thaliana without nitrate for 1 week before inducing hypoxia by bubbling the hydroponic solution with nitrogen gas for 16 h. In the roots, the transcripts of two transcription factor genes (HRA1, HRE2) and three genes involved in fermentation (SUS4, PDC1, ADH1) were ~10- to 100-fold upregulated by simultaneous hypoxia and nitrate starvation compared to the control condition (replete nitrate and oxygen). In contrast, this hypoxic upregulation was ~5 to 10 times stronger when nitrate was available. The phytoglobin genes PGB1 and PGB2, involved in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, were massively downregulated by nitrate starvation (~1000-fold and 105-fold, respectively), but only under ambient oxygen levels; this was reflected in a 2.5-fold increase in NO concentration. In the leaves, HRA1, SUS4, and RAP2.3 were upregulated ~20-fold by hypoxia under nitrate starvation, whereas this upregulation was virtually absent in the presence of nitrate. Our results highlight that the plant's responses to nitrate starvation and hypoxia can influence each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajiheh Safavi-Rizi
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tina Uhlig
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Lutter
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hamid Safavi-Rizi
- Department of Information Technology Engineering, Institute of Information Technology and Computer Engineering, University of Payame Noor, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Franziska Krajinski-Barth
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Severin Sasso
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Jiang L, Wen G, Lu J, Yang H, Jin Y, Nie X, Wang Z, Chen M, Du Y, Wang Y. Machine learning in soil nutrient dynamics of alpine grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174295. [PMID: 38936732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As a terrestrial ecosystem, alpine grasslands feature diverse vegetation types and play key roles in regulating water resources and carbon storage, thus shaping global climate. The dynamics of soil nutrients in this ecosystem, responding to regional climate change, directly impact primary productivity. This review comprehensively explored the effects of climate change on soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and their balance in the alpine meadows, highlighting the significant roles these nutrients played in plant growth and species diversity. We also shed light on machine learning utilization in soil nutrient evaluation. As global warming continues, alongside shifting precipitation patterns, soil characteristics of grasslands, such as moisture and pH values vary significantly, further altering the availability and composition of soil nutrients. The rising air temperature in alpine regions substantially enhances the activity of soil organisms, accelerating nutrient mineralization and the decomposition of organic materials. Combined with varied nutrient input, such as increased N deposition, plant growth and species composition are changing. With the robust capacity to use and integrate diverse data sources, including satellite imagery, sensor-collected spectral data, camera-captured videos, and common knowledge-based text and audio, machine learning offers rapid and accurate assessments of the changes in soil nutrients and associated determinants, such as soil moisture. When combined with powerful large language models like ChatGPT, these tools provide invaluable insights and strategies for effective grassland management, aiming to foster a sustainable ecosystem that balances high productivity and advanced services with reduced environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoqi Wen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Jia Lu
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Hengyuan Yang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yuexia Jin
- Computer Programing, Algonquin College, Ottawa, ON K2G 1V8, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zongsong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yangong Du
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Tanveer M, Xing Z, Huang L, Wang L, Shabala S. Effects of superoxide radical on photosynthesis and K + and redox homeostasis in quinoa and spinach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108886. [PMID: 38950461 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Methyl viologen (MV), also known as paraquat, is a widely used herbicide but has also been reported as highly toxic to different life forms. The mode of its operation is related to superoxide radical (O2.-) production and consequent oxidative damage. However, besides the damage to key macromolecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS; to which O2.- belongs) are also known as regulators of numerous ion transport systems located at cellular membranes. In this study, we used MV as a tool to probe the role of O2.- in regulating membrane-transport activity and systemic acquired tolerance in halophytic Chenopodium quinoa and glycophytic spinach plants. Both plant species showed growth reduction in terms of reduced shoot length, lower shoot fresh and dry weight, photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll contents; however, quinoa showed less reduction in growth compared with spinach. This whole plant response was further examined by measuring the ion concentration, gene expression of ion transporters, activation of antioxidants, and osmolyte accumulation. We observed that at the mechanistic level, the differences in growth in response to MV were conferred by at least four complementary physiological mechanisms: (1) higher K+ loss from spinach leaves resulted from higher expression of MV-induced plasma membrane-based depolarization-activated K+ efflux GORK channel, (2) higher activation of high-affinity K+ uptake transporter HAK5 in quinoa, (3) higher antioxidant production and osmolyte accumulation in quinoa as compared with spinach, and (4) maintaining a higher rate of photosynthesis due to higher chlorophyll contents, and efficiency of photosystem II and reduced ROS and MDA contents. Obtained results also showed that MV induced O2.- significantly reduced N contents in both species but with more pronounced effects in glycophytic spinach. Taken together this study has shown the role of O2.- in regulating membrane ion transport and N metabolism in the leaves of halophyte vs. glycophyte in the context of oxidative stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Tanveer
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Zeming Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Liping Huang
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.
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Kumari R, Kapoor P, Mir BA, Singh M, Parrey ZA, Rakhra G, Parihar P, Khan MN, Rakhra G. Unlocking the versatility of nitric oxide in plants and insights into its molecular interplays under biotic and abiotic stress. Nitric Oxide 2024; 150:1-17. [PMID: 38972538 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In plants, nitric oxide (NO) has become a versatile signaling molecule essential for mediating a wide range of physiological processes under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The fundamental function of NO under various stress scenarios has led to a paradigm shift in which NO is now seen as both a free radical liberated from the toxic product of oxidative metabolism and an agent that aids in plant sustenance. Numerous studies on NO biology have shown that NO is an important signal for germination, leaf senescence, photosynthesis, plant growth, pollen growth, and other processes. It is implicated in defense responses against pathogensas well as adaptation of plants in response to environmental cues like salinity, drought, and temperature extremes which demonstrates its multifaceted role. NO can carry out its biological action in a variety of ways, including interaction with protein kinases, modifying gene expression, and releasing secondary messengers. In addition to these signaling events, NO may also be in charge of the chromatin modifications, nitration, and S-nitrosylation-induced posttranslational modifications (PTM) of target proteins. Deciphering the molecular mechanism behind its essential function is essential to unravel the regulatory networks controlling the responses of plants to various environmental stimuli. Taking into consideration the versatile role of NO, an effort has been made to interpret its mode of action based on the post-translational modifications and to cover shreds of evidence for increased growth parameters along with an altered gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kumari
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Preedhi Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Maninder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Zubair Ahmad Parrey
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gurseen Rakhra
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - M Nasir Khan
- Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 47913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gurmeen Rakhra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India.
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Zheng T, Wang S, Wang M, Mao J, Xu Y, Ren J, Liu Y, Liu S, Qiao Z, Cao X. Effect of Different Fertilizer Types on Quality of Foxtail Millet under Low Nitrogen Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1830. [PMID: 38999669 PMCID: PMC11244521 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In order to clarify the effect of different fertilizers on foxtail millet quality under low nitrogen conditions, we used JGNo.21 and LZGNo.2 as experimental materials and set up five treatments, including non-fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, compound, and organic fertilizers, to study the regulation of different fertilizer types on agronomic traits, nutrient fractions, and pasting characteristics of foxtail millet under low nitrogen conditions. Compared with the control, all of the fertilizers improved the agronomic traits of JGNo.21 to a certain extent. Nitrogen and compound fertilizer treatments reduced the starch content of JGNo.21; the starch content was reduced by 0.55% and 0.07% under nitrogen and compound fertilizers treatments. Phosphorus and organic fertilizers increased starch content, and starch content increased by 0.50% and 0.56% under phosphorus and organic fertilizer treatments. The effect of each fertilizer treatment on protein content was completely opposite to that of starch; different fertilizer treatments reduced the fat content of JGNo.21 and increased the fiber content. Among them, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased the yellow pigment content; the yellow pigment content increased by 1.21% and 2.64% under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Organic and compound fertilizers reduced the content of yellow pigment; the yellow pigment content was reduced by 3.36% and 2.79% under organic and compound fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen and organic fertilizers increased the fat content of LZGNo.2; the fat content increased by 2.62% and 1.98% under nitrogen, organic fertilizer treatment. Compound and phosphorus fertilizer decreased the fat content; the fat content decreased by 2.16% and 2.90% under compound and phosphorus fertilizer treatment. Different fertilizer treatments reduced the cellulose and yellow pigment content of LZGNo.2. The content of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids of JGNo.21 was increased under compound and nitrogen fertilizer treatments and decreased under organic and phosphorus fertilizer treatments. The content of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids of LZGNo.2 was significantly higher under compound, nitrogen, and organic fertilizer treatments compared with control and significantly decreased under phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen and compound fertilizer treatments significantly reduced the values of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and pasting time of each index of JGNo.21; phosphorus and organic fertilizer treatments improved the values of each index. In contrast, the pasting viscosity of LZGNo.2 increased under phosphorus fertilizer treatment and decreased under nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Reasonable fertilization can improve the quality of foxtail millet, which provides a scientific theoretical basis for improving the quality of foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jiao Mao
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yuanmeng Xu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jiangling Ren
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Sichen Liu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Zhijun Qiao
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiaoning Cao
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Development in Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China
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Colman SL, Salcedo MF, Iglesias MJ, Alvarez VA, Fiol DF, Casalongué CA, Foresi NP. Chitosan microparticles mitigate nitrogen deficiency in tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108728. [PMID: 38772165 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the most prevalent nutrient deficiencies in plants, and has a significant impact on crop yields. In this work we aimed to develop and evaluate innovative strategies to mitigate N deficiency. We studied the effect of supplementing tomato plants grown under suboptimal N nutrition with chitosan microparticles (CS-MPs) during short- and long-term periods. We observed that the supplementation with CS-MPs prevented the reduction of aerial biomass and the elongation of lateral roots (LR) triggered by N deficiency in tomato plantlets. In addition, levels of nitrates, amino acids and chlorophyll, which decreased drastically upon N deficiency, were either partial or totally restored upon CS-MPs addition to N deficient media. Finally, we showed that CS-MPs treatments increased nitric oxide (NO) levels in root tips and caused the up-regulation of genes involved in N metabolism. Altogether, we suggest that CS-MPs enhance the growth and development of tomato plants under N deficiency through the induction of biochemical and transcriptional responses that lead to increased N metabolism. We propose treatments with CS-MPs as an efficient practice focused to mitigate the nutritional deficiencies in N impoverished soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Lorena Colman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), UE CONICET-UNMdP, FCEyN, Mar Del Plata, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Salcedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), UE CONICET-UNMdP, FCEyN, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - María José Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), UE CONICET-UNMdP, FCEyN, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Vera Alejandra Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia & Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), UE CONICET-UNMdP, Grupo Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos (CoMP), Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernando Fiol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), UE CONICET-UNMdP, FCEyN, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Noelia Pamela Foresi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), UE CONICET-UNMdP, FCEyN, Mar Del Plata, Argentina.
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Lucas M, Diaz-Espejo A, Romero-Jimenez D, Peinado-Torrubia P, Delgado-Vaquero A, Álvarez R, Colmenero-Flores JM, Rosales MA. Chloride reduces plant nitrate requirement and alleviates low nitrogen stress symptoms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108717. [PMID: 38761542 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) is traditionally categorized as an antagonist of nitrate (NO3-) because Cl- hinders plant NO3- transport and accumulation. However, we have recently defined Cl- as a beneficial macronutrient for higher plants, due to specific functions that lead to more efficient use of water, nitrogen (N) and CO2 under optimal N and water supply. When accumulated in leaves at macronutrient levels, Cl- promotes growth through osmotic, physiological, metabolic, anatomical and cellular changes that improve plant performance under optimal NO3- nutrition. Nitrate over-fertilization in agriculture can adversely affect crop yield and nature, while its deficiency limits plant growth. To study the relationship between Cl- nutrition and NO3- availability, we have characterized different physiological responses such as growth and yield, N-use efficiency, water status, photosynthesis, leaf anatomy, pigments and antioxidants in tomato plants treated with or without 5 mM Cl- salts and increasing NO3- treatments (3-15 mM). First, we have demonstrated that 5 mM Cl- application can reduce the use of NO3- in the nutrient solution by up to half without detriment to plant growth and yield in tomato and other horticultural plants. Second, Cl- application reduced stress symptoms and improved plant growth under low-NO3- conditions. The Cl--dependent resistance to low-N stress resulted from: more efficient use of the available NO3-; improved plant osmotic and water status regulation; improved stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate; and better antioxidant response. We proposed that beneficial Cl- levels increase the crop ability to grow better with lower NO3- requirements and withstand N deficiency, promoting a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lucas
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain; Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - David Romero-Jimenez
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Procopio Peinado-Torrubia
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Alba Delgado-Vaquero
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Colmenero-Flores
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rosales
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, IRNAS, CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain; Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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8
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Paź‐Dyderska S, Jagodziński AM. Potential of reproductive traits in functional ecology: A quantitative comparison of variability in floral, fruit, and leaf traits. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11690. [PMID: 39026952 PMCID: PMC11255459 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite their claimed low intraspecific variability, plant reproductive traits are less frequently used in functional ecology. Here we focused on underrepresented plant organs, i.e. flowers and fruits, by comparing their traits with well-established leaf traits. We evaluated 16 functional traits (six floral, six fruit, and four leaf traits) in a randomly selected group of woody species under comparable environmental conditions. We aimed to assess interspecific and intraspecimen variability and explore the potential of the proposed flower and fruit traits for ecological research. Traits related to the dry mass of flowers and fruits exhibited the highest interspecific variability, while carbon content traits in flowers and leaves had the lowest. At a specimen level, specific leaf area revealed the highest variation. Carbon content traits for all organs demonstrated the least intraspecimen variability, with flower carbon content being the least variable. Our study revealed connections between the newly proposed traits and widely recognized functional traits, uncovering intriguing links between the established traits and the floral and fruit traits upon which we focused. This complements the already well-recognized variability in plant form and function with additional insights into reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej M. Jagodziński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of SciencesKórnikPoland
- Poznań University of Life SciencesFaculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Game Management and Forest ProtectionPoznańPoland
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9
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Liu N, Chen C, Wang B, Wang X, Zhang D, Zhou G. Exogenous regulation of macronutrients promotes the accumulation of alkaloid yield in anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) pascher. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:602. [PMID: 38926662 PMCID: PMC11201296 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher (A. tanguticus) is a valuable botanical for extracting tropane alkaloids, which are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Implementing appropriate cultivation methods can improve both the quality and yield of A. tanguticus. A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 using a single-factor randomized complete block design replicated three times. The study examined the effects of different nutrient levels (nitrogen: 0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375 kg/ha; phosphorus: 0, 600, 750, 900, 1050, 1200 kg/ha; potassium: 0, 75, 112.5, 150, 187.5, 225 kg/ha) on the growth, primary alkaloid contents, and alkaloid yield of A. tanguticus at different growth stages (S-Greening, S-Growing, S-Wilting; T-Greening, T-Growing, and T-Wilting) in both the roots and aboveground portions. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that nutrient levels significantly affect the growth and alkaloid accumulation in A. tanguticus. High nitrogen levels (375 kg/ha) notably increased both root and aboveground biomass, while phosphorus had a minimal effect, especially on aboveground biomass. For alkaloid content (scopolamine, anisodamine, anisodine, atropine), a moderate nitrogen level (225 kg/ha) was most effective, followed by low potassium (75 kg/ha), with phosphorus showing a limited impact. Increased phosphorus levels led to a decrease in scopolamine content. During the T-Growing period, moderate nitrogen addition (225 kg/ha) yielded the highest alkaloid levels per unit area (205.79 kg/ha). In the T-Wilting period, low potassium (75 kg/ha) and low phosphorus (750 kg/ha) resulted in alkaloid levels of 146.91 kg/ha and 142.18 kg/ha, respectively. This indicates nitrogen has the most substantial effect on alkaloid accumulation, followed by potassium and phosphorus. The Douglas production function analysis suggests focusing on root biomass and the accumulation of scopolamine and atropine in roots to maximize alkaloid yield in A. tanguticus cultivation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that the optimum harvesting period for A. tanguticus is the T-Wilting period, and that the optimal nitrogen addition is 225 kg/ha, the optimal potassium addition is 75 kg/ha, and the optimal phosphorus addition is 600 kg/ha or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Dengshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, 810008, China.
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10
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Wang J, Jia M, Zhang L, Li X, Zhang X, Wang Z. Biodegradable microplastics pose greater risks than conventional microplastics to soil properties, microbial community and plant growth, especially under flooded conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172949. [PMID: 38703848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics (bio-plastics) are often viewed as viable option for mitigating plastic pollution. Nevertheless, the information regarding the potential risks of microplastics (MPs) released from bio-plastics in soil, particularly in flooded soils, is lacking. Here, our objective was to investigate the effect of polylactic acid MPs (PLA-MPs) and polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) on soil properties, microbial community and plant growth under both non-flooded and flooded conditions. Our results demonstrated that PLA-MPs dramatically increased soil labile carbon (C) content and altered its composition and chemodiversity. The enrichment of labile C stimulated microbial N immobilization, resulting in a depletion of soil mineral nitrogen (N). This specialized environment created by PLA-MPs further filtered out specific microbial species, resulting in a low diversity and simplified microbial community. PLA-MPs caused an increase in denitrifiers (Noviherbaspirillum and Clostridium sensu stricto) and a decrease in nitrifiers (Nitrospira, MND1, and Ellin6067), potentially exacerbating the mineral N deficiency. The mineral N deficit caused by PLA-MPs inhibited wheatgrass growth. Conversely, PE-MPs had less effect on soil ecosystems, including soil properties, microbial community and wheatgrass growth. Overall, our study emphasizes that PLA-MPs cause more adverse effect on the ecosystem than PE-MPs in the short term, and that flooded conditions exacerbate and prolong these adverse effects. These results offer valuable insights for evaluating the potential threats of bio-MPs in both uplands and wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Minghao Jia
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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11
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Hu X, Min N, Xu K, Wu J, Wang Y, Yan J, Wu X, Cai M. Graphitic carbon nitride alleviates cadmium toxicity to soybeans through nitrogen supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108701. [PMID: 38723489 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising candidate for heavy metal remediation, primarily composed of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). It has been demonstrated that g-C3N4 adjusts rhizosphere physicochemical conditions, especially N conditions, alleviating the absorption and accumulation of Cadmium (Cd) by soybeans. However, the mechanisms by which g-C3N4 induces N alterations to mitigates plant uptake of Cd remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of g-C3N4-mediated changes in N conditions on the accumulation of Cd by soybeans using pot experiments. It also explored the microbiological mechanisms underlying alterations in soybean rhizospheric N cycling induced by g-C3N4. It was found that g-C3N4 significantly increased N content in the soybean rhizosphere (p < 0.05), particularly in terms of available nitrogen (AN) of nitrate and ammonium. Plants absorbed more ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), the content of which in the roots showed a significant negative correlation with Cd concentration in plant (p < 0.05). Additionally, g-C3N4 significantly affected rhizospheric functional genes associated with N cycling (p < 0.05) by increasing the ratio of the N-fixation functional gene nifH and decreasing the ratios of functional genes amoA and nxrA involved in nitrification. This enhances soybean's N-fixing potential and suppresses denitrification potential in the rhizosphere, preserving NH₄⁺-N. Niastella, Flavisolibacter, Opitutus and Pirellula may play a crucial role in the N fixation and preservation process. In summary, the utilization of g-C3N4 offers a novel approach to ensure safe crop production in Cd-contaminated soils. The results of this study provide valuable data and a theoretical foundation for the remediation of Cd polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China
| | - Na Min
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China
| | - Kai Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China
| | - Yuying Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China
| | - Jianfang Yan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China.
| | - Xilin Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China
| | - Miaozhen Cai
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, PR China.
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12
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Kamara MM, Mansour E, Khalaf AEA, Eid MAM, Hassanin AA, Abdelghany AM, Kheir AMS, Galal AA, Behiry SI, Silvar C, El-Hendawy S. Molecular Diversity and Combining Ability in Newly Developed Maize Inbred Lines under Low-Nitrogen Conditions. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:641. [PMID: 38792661 PMCID: PMC11122723 DOI: 10.3390/life14050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential element for maize growth, but excessive application can lead to various environmental and ecological issues, including water pollution, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss. Hence, developing maize hybrids resilient to low-N conditions is vital for sustainable agriculture, particularly in nitrogen-deficient soils. Combining ability and genetic relationships among parental lines is crucial for breeding superior hybrids under diverse nitrogen levels. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of maize inbred lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and evaluate their combining ability to identify superior hybrids under low-N and recommended conditions. Local and exotic inbred lines were genotyped using SSR markers, revealing substantial genetic variation with high gene diversity (He = 0.60), moderate polymorphism information content (PIC = 0.54), and an average of 3.64 alleles per locus. Twenty-one F1 hybrids were generated through a diallel mating design using these diverse lines. These hybrids and a high yielding commercial check (SC-131) were field-tested under low-N and recommended N conditions. Significant variations (p < 0.01) were observed among nitrogen levels, hybrids, and their interaction for all recorded traits. Additive genetic variances predominated over non-additive genetic variances for grain yield and most traits. Inbred IL3 emerged as an effective combiner for developing early maturing genotypes with lower ear placement. Additionally, inbreds IL1, IL2, and IL3 showed promise as superior combiners for enhancing grain yield and related traits under both low-N and recommended conditions. Notably, hybrids IL1×IL4, IL2×IL5, IL2×IL6, and IL5×IL7 exhibited specific combining abilities for increasing grain yield and associated traits under low-N stress conditions. Furthermore, strong positive associations were identified between grain yield and specific traits like plant height, ear length, number of rows per ear, and number of kernels per row. Due to their straightforward measurability, these relationships underscore the potential of using these traits as proxies for indirect selection in early breeding generations, particularly under low-N stress. This research contributes to breeding nitrogen-efficient maize hybrids and advances our understanding of the genetic foundations for tolerance to nitrogen limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. A. Khalaf
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (A.E.A.K.); (M.A.M.E.)
| | - Mohamed A. M. Eid
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (A.E.A.K.); (M.A.M.E.)
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelghany
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. S. Kheir
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Galal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Cristina Silvar
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Salah El-Hendawy
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Irshad MK, Kang MW, Aqeel M, Javed W, Noman A, Khalid N, Lee SS. Unveiling the detrimental effects of polylactic acid microplastics on rice seedlings and soil health. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141771. [PMID: 38522668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The environmental impact of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics (PLA-MPs) has become a global concern, with documented effects on soil health, nutrient cycling, water retention, and crop growth. This study aimed to assess the repercussions of varying concentrations of PLA-MPs on rice, encompassing aspects such as growth, physiology, and biochemistry. Additionally, the investigation delved into the influence of PLA-MPs on soil bacterial composition and soil enzyme activities. The results illustrated that the highest levels of PLA-MPs (2.5%) impaired the photosynthesis activity of rice plants and hampered plant growth. Plants exposed to the highest concentration of PLA-MPs (2.5%) displayed a significant reduction of 51.3% and 47.7% in their root and shoot dry weights, as well as a reduction of 53% and 49% in chlorophyll a and b contents, respectively. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in rice leaves increased by 3.1, 2.8, 3.5, and 5.2 folds, respectively, with the highest level of PLA-MPs (2.5%). Soil enzyme activities, such as CAT, urease, and dehydrogenase (DHA) increased by 19.2%, 10.4%, and 22.5%, respectively, in response to the highest level of PLA-MPs (2.5%) application. In addition, PLA-MPs (2.5%) resulted in a remarkable increase in the relative abundance of soil Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Firmicutes by 60%, 31%, and 98.2%, respectively. These findings highlight the potential adverse effects of PLA-MPs on crops and soils. This study provides valuable insights into soil-rice interactions, environmental risks, and biodegradable plastic regulation, underscoring the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif Irshad
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Min Woo Kang
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Wasim Javed
- Water Management Research Centre (WMRC), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Jamil HMA, Gatasheh MK, Ahmad R, Ibrahim KE, Khan SA, Irshad U, Shahzad M, Abbasi AM. Ectomycorrhiza and ethylenediurea reduced the impact of high nitrogen and ozone stresses and increased the growth of Cedrus deodara. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28635. [PMID: 38586366 PMCID: PMC10998246 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cedrus deodara is the central conifer plant affected by ozone and nitrogen pollutants among forest species worldwide. The growth of C. deodara depends upon the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) association, which is usually disturbed by these factors. This study aims to understand how these factors affect plants at physiological and biochemical levels. Three fungal strain consortiums were inoculated with two-year-old C. deodara seedlings. The stresses of 100 kg N h-1and 100 ppb O3 were applied for six months to study their impact on chlorophyll and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX). The results showed that C2 (Consortium of Cedrus deodara) positively impacted the growth of selected plant species. The high photosynthesis rate was determined by enhanced chlorophyll content, and C2-treated plants showed high chlorophyll content. Relatively, chlorophyll a and b contents increased significantly in the seedlings treated with Ethylenediurea (EDU) alone and with ozone stress. In addition, a significant difference was observed between EDU and O3-treated plants (14% EDU400-O3 and 23% EDU600-O3) and the control. Overall, antioxidant activities were higher in the treated samples than in the control. The order of SOD activity was C2 (448 U/gFW) and lowest (354.7 U/gFW) in control. APX also showed higher activity in treated plants in C1 ≥ C2 ≥ C3+O3, whereas CAT activity was the highest in C2 treatments. Ozone and nitrogen-stressed plants showed higher activities than EDU-treated plants compared to non-treated ones. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the signaling effects of numerous precursors. Moreover, an extended investigation of seedlings developing into trees must be conducted to verify the potential of ectomycorrhizal strains associated with C. deodara and comprehend EDU's role as a direct molecular scavenger of reactive toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ansab Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mansour K. Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- University of Gastronomic Sciences of Pollenzo, Piazza V. Emanuele II, I-12042, Bra/Pollenzo, Italy
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15
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Zhong D, Chi Y, Ding J, Zhao N, Zeng L, Liu P, Huang Z, Zhou L. Decoupling of nitrogen allocation and energy partitioning in rice after flowering. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11297. [PMID: 38623520 PMCID: PMC11017445 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Estimation of energy partitioning at leaf scale, such as fluorescence yield (ΦF) and photochemical yield (ΦP), is crucial to tracking vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP) at global scale. Nitrogen is an important participant in the process of light capture, electron transfer, and carboxylation in vegetation photosynthesis. However, the quantitative relationship between leaf nitrogen allocation and leaf energy partitioning remains unexplored. Here, a field experiment was established to explore growth stage variations in energy partitioning and nitrogen allocation at leaf scale using active fluorescence detection and photosynthetic gas exchange method in rice in the subtropical region of China. We observed a strongly positive correlation between the investment proportion of leaf nitrogen in photosynthetic system and ΦF during the vegetative growth stage. There were significant differences in leaf energy partitioning, leaf nitrogen allocation, and the relationship between ΦF and ΦP before and after flowering. Furthermore, flowering weakened the correlation between the investment proportion of leaf nitrogen in photosynthetic system and ΦF. These findings highlight the crucial role of phenological factors in exploring seasonal photosynthetic dynamics and carbon fixation of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duwei Zhong
- College of Geography and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Yonggang Chi
- College of Geography and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianxi Ding
- College of Geography and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Linhui Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Pai Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Geography and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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16
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Caine RS, Khan MS, Brench RA, Walker HJ, Croft HL. Inside-out: Synergising leaf biochemical traits with stomatal-regulated water fluxes to enhance transpiration modelling during abiotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38533601 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
As the global climate continues to change, plants will increasingly experience abiotic stress(es). Stomata on leaf surfaces are the gatekeepers to plant interiors, regulating gaseous exchanges that are crucial for both photosynthesis and outward water release. To optimise future crop productivity, accurate modelling of how stomata govern plant-environment interactions will be crucial. Here, we synergise optical and thermal imaging data to improve modelled transpiration estimates during water and/or nutrient stress (where leaf N is reduced). By utilising hyperspectral data and partial least squares regression analysis of six plant traits and fluxes in wheat (Triticum aestivum), we develop a new spectral vegetation index; the Combined Nitrogen and Drought Index (CNDI), which can be used to detect both water stress and/or nitrogen deficiency. Upon full stomatal closure during drought, CNDI shows a strong relationship with leaf water content (r2 = 0.70), with confounding changes in leaf biochemistry. By incorporating CNDI transformed with a sigmoid function into thermal-based transpiration modelling, we have increased the accuracy of modelling water fluxes during abiotic stress. These findings demonstrate the potential of using combined optical and thermal remote sensing-based modelling approaches to dynamically model water fluxes to improve both agricultural water usage and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Caine
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Robert A Brench
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Heather J Walker
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- biOMICS Mass Spectrometry Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Holly L Croft
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
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17
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Shi H, Shi Q, Zhou X, Cui C, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhu C. Influence of surface water and groundwater on functional traits and trade-off strategies of oasis communities at the end of the Keriya River, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1340137. [PMID: 38434438 PMCID: PMC10905963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1340137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant functional traits reflect the capacity of plants to adapt to their environment and the underlying optimization mechanisms. However, few studies have investigated trade-off strategies for functional traits in desert-wetland ecosystems, the mechanisms by which surface water disturbance and groundwater depth drive functional trait variation at the community scale, and the roles of intraspecific and interspecific variation. Therefore, this study analyzed specific differences in community-weighted mean traits among habitat types and obtained the relative contribution of intraspecific and interspecific variation by decomposing community-weighted mean traits, focusing on the Daliyabuyi Oasis in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert. We also explored the mechanisms by which surface water and groundwater influence different sources of variability specifically. The results showed that plant height, relative chlorophyll content, leaf thickness, leaf nitrogen content, and nitrogen-phosphorus ratio were the key traits reflecting habitat differences. As the groundwater depth becomes shallower and surface water disturbance intensifies, plant communities tend to have higher leaf nitrogen content, nitrogen-phosphorus ratio, and relative chlorophyll content and lower height. Surface water, groundwater, soil water content, and total soil nitrogen can influence interspecific and intraspecific variation in these traits through direct and indirect effects. As arid to wet habitats change, plant trade-off strategies for resources will shift from conservative to acquisitive. The study concluded that community functional traits are mainly contributed by interspecific variation, but consideration of intraspecific variation and the covariation effects that exist between it and interspecific variation can help to further enhance the understanding of the response of community traits in desert-wetland ecosystems to environmental change. Surface water disturbance has a non-negligible contribution to this adaptation process and plays a higher role than groundwater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Shi
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qingdong Shi
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chuandeng Cui
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zipeng Zhang
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chuanmei Zhu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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18
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Lu G, Fang M, Zhang S. Spatial Variation in Responses of Plant Spring Phenology to Climate Warming in Grasslands of Inner Mongolia: Drivers and Application. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:520. [PMID: 38498495 PMCID: PMC10892319 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Plant spring phenology in grasslands distributed in the Northern Hemisphere is highly responsive to climate warming. The growth of plants is intricately influenced by not only air temperature but also precipitation and soil factors, both of which exhibit spatial variation. Given the critical impact of the plant growth season on the livelihood of husbandry communities in grasslands, it becomes imperative to comprehend regional-scale spatial variation in the response of plant spring phenology to climate warming and the effects of precipitation and soil factors on such variation. This understanding is beneficial for region-specific phenology predictions in husbandry communities. In this study, we analyzed the spatial pattern of the correlation coefficient between the start date of the plant growth season (SOS) and the average winter-spring air temperature (WST) of Inner Mongolia grassland from 2003 to 2019. Subsequently, we analyzed the importance of 13 precipitation and soil factors for the correlation between SOS and average WST using a random forest model and analyzed the interactive effect of the important factors on the SOS using linear mixing models (LMMs). Based on these, we established SOS models using data from pastoral areas within different types of grassland. The percentage of areas with a negative correlation between SOS and average WST in meadow and typical grasslands was higher than that in desert grasslands. Results from the random forest model highlighted the significance of snow cover days (SCD), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil nitrogen content (SNC) as influential factors affecting the correlation between SOS and average WST. Meadow grasslands exhibited significantly higher levels of SCD, SOC, and SNC compared to typical and desert grasslands. The LMMs indicated that the interaction of grassland type and the average WST and SCD can effectively explain the variation in SOS. The multiple linear models that incorporated both average WST and SCD proved to be better than models utilizing WST or SCD alone in predicting SOS. These findings indicate that the spatial patterns of precipitation and soil factors are closely associated with the spatial variation in the response of SOS to climate warming in Inner Mongolia grassland. Moreover, the average WST and SCD, when considered jointly, can be used to predict plant spring phenology in husbandry communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengchao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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19
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Wei X, Han L, Xu N, Sun M, Yang X. Nitrate nitrogen enhances the efficiency of photoprotection in Leymus chinensis under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1348925. [PMID: 38419774 PMCID: PMC10899514 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1348925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Global climate change exerts a significant impact on the nitrogen supply and photosynthesis ability in land-based plants. The photosynthetic capacity of dominant grassland species is important if we are to understand carbon cycling under climate change. Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting plant photosynthesis, and nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient involved in the photosynthetic activity of leaves. The regulatory mechanisms responsible for the effects of ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 -) on the drought-induced photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) in plants have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, there is a significant need to gain a better understanding of the role of electron transport in the photoinhibition of PSII. Methods In the present study, we conducted experiments with normal watering (LD), severe drought (MD), and extreme drought (HD) treatments, along with no nitrogen (N0), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), and mixed nitrogen (NH4NO3) treatments. We analyzed pigment accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, photosynthetic enzyme activity, photosystem activity, electron transport, and O-J-I-P kinetics. Results Analysis showed that increased nitrate application significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll content per unit area (Chlarea) and nitrogen content per unit area (Narea) (p< 0.05). Under HD treatment, ROS levels were lower in NO3-treated plants than in N0 plants, and there was no significant difference in photosynthetic enzyme activity between plants treated with NO3 and NH4NO3. Under drought stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), PSII electron transport rate (ETR), and effective quantum yield of PSII (φPSII) were significant higher in NO3-treated plants (p< 0.05). Importantly, the K-band and G-band were higher in NO3-treated plants. Discussion These results suggest that drought stress hindered the formation of NADPH and ATP in N0 and NH4-treated L. chinensis plants, thus damaging the donor side of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). After applying nitrate, higher photosynthetic enzyme and antioxidant enzyme activity not only protected PSII from photodamage under drought stress but also reduced the rate of damage in PSII during the growth of L. chinensis growth under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Lin Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cold-Regions Wetlands Ecology and Environment Research, and School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Xuechen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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20
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Rehschuh R, Ruehr NK. What is the role of soil nutrients in drought responses of trees? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad152. [PMID: 38113532 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Rehschuh
- TU Dresden, Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Pienner Straße 7, Tharandt 01737, Germany
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, KIT-Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Kaiserstraße 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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21
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Zhang L, Luo X, Zhang G, Zang X, Wen D. Nitrogen and phosphorus addition promote invasion success of invasive species via increased growth and nutrient accumulation under elevated CO2. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad150. [PMID: 38102760 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the resource allocation hypothesis regarding the trade-off between growth and defence, compared with native species, invasive species generally allocate more energy to growth and less energy to defence. However, it remains unclear how global change and nutrient enrichment will influence the competition between invasive species and co-occurring native species. Here, we tested whether nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition under elevated CO2 causes invasive species (Mikania micrantha and Chromolaena odorata) to produce greater biomass, higher growth-related compounds and lower defence-related compounds than native plants (Paederia scandens and Eupatorium chinense). We grew these native and invasive species with similar morphology with the addition of N and P under elevated CO2 in open-top chambers. The addition of N alone increased the relative growth rate (RGR) by 5.4% in invasive species, and its combination with P addition or elevated CO2 significantly increased the RGR of invasive species by 7.5 or 8.1%, respectively, and to a level higher than that of native species (by 14.4%, P < 0.01). Combined N + P addition under elevated CO2 decreased the amount of defence-related compounds in the leaf, including lipids (by 17.7%) and total structural carbohydrates (by 29.0%), whereas it increased the growth-related compounds in the leaf, including proteins (by 75.7%), minerals (by 9.6%) and total non-structural carbohydrates (by 8.5%). The increased concentrations of growth-related compounds were possibly associated with the increase in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase content and mineral nutrition (magnesium, iron and calcium), all of which were higher in the invasive species than in the native species. These results suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and N deposition combined with nutrient enrichment will increase the growth of invasive species more than that of native species. Our result also suggests that invasive species respond more readily to produce growth-related compounds under an increased soil nutrient availability and elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, No.723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xianzhen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, No.723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, No.723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaowei Zang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, No.723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dazhi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, No.723, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Peng B, Liu X, Yao Y, Ping J, Ying Y. A wearable and capacitive sensor for leaf moisture status monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 245:115804. [PMID: 37979547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The real-time and precise monitoring of plant physiological information, such as leaf capacitance, is important in agricultural production. However, current approaches for leaf capacitance monitoring are easy to cause damage to plants, which would decrease the accuracy of monitoring. In this study, we proposed the wearable electrodes for real-time monitoring of leaf capacitance. Gold nanoparticles were magnetron sputterred on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane to form the wearable Au@PET electrodes. Due to their excellent flexibility, the electrodes showed good stability in both conductivity and capacitance sensing. The electrodes could be conformally attached to the leaf surface to form leaf capacitance sensor. It was found that capacitance value was positively correlated with leaf moisture content. Additionally, leaf capacitance showed higher value at night than daytime, with an extent of 12.02% and the results obtained from Au@PET electrodes were similar to the ones from traditional rigid electrodes. Besides, the growth and physiological parameters of Epipremnum aureum were not significantly affected during capacitance monitoring by Au@PET electrodes. Such results demonstrated the potential of wearable electrodes for real-time and precise monitoring of plant physiological information in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yao Yao
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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23
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Huang Y, Wang C, Ma Z, Zhang L, Wu F. Effects of Funneliformis mosseae on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Camellia oleifera under Different Nitrogen Forms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:370. [PMID: 38337904 PMCID: PMC10857364 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer increases agricultural yields but increases economic costs and causes a series of environmental problems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the potential to be used as biological fertilizer. However, the influence of nitrogen form on plant growth responsiveness to AMF inoculation is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of Funneliformis mosseae on growth, root morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of Camellia oleifera under different nitrogen forms during three harvest periods and clarified the most suitable nitrogen form for C. oleifera-AMF symbiosis. The results showed that urea, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen promoted plant growth and photosynthetic capacity, among which urea treatment had the highest value in all three harvests. No significant difference in plant growth parameters was observed between ammonium and nitrate nitrogen treatments in the first two harvests, while the plant height was significantly lower under ammonium nitrogen treatment than nitrate nitrogen treatment in the third harvest. Inoculation with F. mosseae in the presence of indigenous AMF could promote AMF colonization and plant growth at all three harvest times. Inoculation with F. mosseae significantly increased gas exchange parameters, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII). Inoculation with AMF increased the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) better under urea treatment and improved the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) better under ammonium nitrogen treatment. Principal component analysis showed that urea is the most beneficial nitrogen fertilizer for C. oleifera-AMF symbiosis. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the combination use of AMF and nitrogen fertilizer in agroforestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chuangxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ziran Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Linping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Michel L, Renaudin M, Darnajoux R, Blasi C, Vacherand G, Le Monier P, Houle D, Bellenger JP. Evaluating the effect of moss functional traits and sampling on elemental concentrations in Pleurozium schreberi and Ptilium crista-castrensis in Eastern Canada (Québec) black spruce forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167900. [PMID: 37858833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing atmospheric depositions allows evaluating the impact of air pollution on ecosystems, human health, and the economy. It also informs decision-makers about the implementation of regulations improving environmental quality. Biomonitoring uses organisms, such as mosses, as proxies to assess the presence of atmospheric contaminants (e.g., metals). This approach is cost-efficient and does not require complicated infrastructure or scientific skills, making it suitable for large-scale monitoring initiatives and citizen-based campaigns. Therefore, precise sampling protocols are needed to limit bias. Biomonitoring data remains scarce in North America, compared to e.g., Europe, and there is a need to develop large-scale and long-term biomonitoring initiatives to record current and future atmospheric depositions. As there is no standardized international sampling protocol, this study assessed the impact of parameters known to affect the elemental concentration of mosses, using samples collected along a 1000-km transect in Eastern Canada (Quebec) from 2016 to 2022. We specifically examined the effects of species, stem color, canopy opening, time of sampling, and stem length on 18 elements. Non-parametric statistical tests indicate that these factors have significant effects on some metals, but differences are generally low (<30 %), except for stem length. These results suggest that sampling protocols can be flexible in terms of species, canopy opening, time of sampling, and stem color. However, normalizing the length of the stems analyzed is required to account for differences in growth rates between sites. Moreover, since no large-scale biomonitoring campaign using mosses has been conducted in Eastern Canada, this paper also provides the first elemental baseline for moss in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Michel
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Marie Renaudin
- Water Science and Technology Branch, Environnement et Changement Climatique Canada, Montréal H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | | | - Charlotte Blasi
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Gaëlle Vacherand
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Le Monier
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Daniel Houle
- Water Science and Technology Branch, Environnement et Changement Climatique Canada, Montréal H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
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Li J, Liu X, Yao Q, Xu L, Li W, Tan W, Wang Q, Xing W, Liu D. Tolerance and adaptation characteristics of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) to low nitrogen supply. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2159155. [PMID: 36567601 PMCID: PMC9794014 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2159155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential element required for sugar beet growth. Sugar beets with low N (LN) tolerance and high N use efficiency are excellent materials for breeding. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the morphological and physiological responses of nine sugar beet genotypes to LN supply. It was found that 0.5 mmol·L-1 N (LN) significantly influenced the performance of leaves and the topology of roots by reducing the bioproduction of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and soluble protein (SP) and the accumulation of N in leaves and roots (LNA and RNA), thus differentially restricting the growth (hypocotyl diameter, HD; root length, RL) and biomass (leaf and root fresh weight; LFW and RFW; leaf dry weight, LDW) of these sugar beets. Principal component and cluster analyses showed that 780016B/12 superior (F) exhibited excellent tolerance to LN; it had higher SOD activity (62.70%) and APX activity (188.92%) and a higher proline content (131.82%) than 92011 (G, LN sensitive). These attributes helped 780016B/12 superior (F) to better endure LN stress, and the morphology and N distribution changed to adapt to N deficiency, such that the root length increased by 112.48%, leaf area increased by 101.23%, and leaf nitrogen accumulation reached a peak of 14.13 g/plant. It seems that LN-tolerant genotypes increased their root length and surface area by reducing the difference in biomass, thereby expanding the contact between roots and soil, which was conducive to the absorption of nutrients (N) by sugar beets and helped distribute more assimilation products to the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yao
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Wang Xing
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Dali Liu
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin150080, P. R. China
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Julian R, Patrick RM, Li Y. Organ-specific characteristics govern the relationship between histone code dynamics and transcriptional reprogramming during nitrogen response in tomato. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1225. [PMID: 38044380 PMCID: PMC10694154 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stimuli trigger rapid transcriptional reprogramming of gene networks. These responses occur in the context of the local chromatin landscape, but the contribution of organ-specific dynamic chromatin modifications in responses to external signals remains largely unexplored. We treated tomato seedlings with a supply of nitrate and measured the genome-wide changes of four histone marks, the permissive marks H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H3K36me3 and repressive mark H3K27me3, in shoots and roots separately, as well as H3K9me2 in shoots. Dynamic and organ-specific histone acetylation and methylation were observed at functionally relevant gene loci. Integration of transcriptomic and epigenomic datasets generated from the same organ revealed largely syngenetic relations between changes in transcript levels and histone modifications, with the exception of H3K27me3 in shoots, where an increased level of this repressive mark is observed at genes activated by nitrate. Application of a machine learning approach revealed organ-specific rules regarding the importance of individual histone marks, as H3K36me3 is the most successful mark in predicting gene regulation events in shoots, while H3K4me3 is the strongest individual predictor in roots. Our integrated study substantiates a view that during plant environmental responses, the relationships between histone code dynamics and gene regulation are highly dependent on organ-specific contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Julian
- Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ryan M Patrick
- Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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An YQ, Ma DJ, Xi Z. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Synergistic Enhancement of Nitrogen Assimilation Efficiency via Coordinated Regulation of Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism by Co-Application of Brassinolide and Pyraclostrobin in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16435. [PMID: 38003624 PMCID: PMC10671621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving nitrogen (N) assimilation efficiency without yield penalties is important to sustainable food security. The chemical regulation approach of N assimilation efficiency is still less explored. We previously found that the co-application of brassinolide (BL) and pyraclostrobin (Pyr) synergistically boosted biomass and yield via regulating photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the synergistic effect of BL and Pyr on N metabolism remains unclear. In this work, we examined the N and protein contents, key N assimilatory enzyme activities, and transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in the four treatments (untreated, BL, Pyr, and BL + Pyr). Our results showed that BL + Pyr treatment synergistically improved N and protein contents by 56.2% and 58.0%, exceeding the effects of individual BL (no increase) or Pyr treatment (36.4% and 36.1%). Besides synergistically increasing the activity of NR (354%), NiR (42%), GS (62%), and GOGAT (62%), the BL + Pyr treatment uniquely coordinated N metabolism, carbon utilization, and photosynthesis at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, outperforming the effects of individual BL or Pyr treatments. These results revealed that BL + Pyr treatments could synergistically improve N assimilation efficiency through improving N assimilatory enzyme activities and coordinated regulation of N and carbon metabolism. The identified genes and metabolites also informed potential targets and agrochemical combinations to enhance N assimilation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi An
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.-Q.A.); (D.-J.M.)
| | - De-Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.-Q.A.); (D.-J.M.)
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.-Q.A.); (D.-J.M.)
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
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28
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Miraglio T, Coops NC, Wallis CIB, Crofts AL, Kalacska M, Vellend M, Serbin SP, Arroyo-Mora JP, Laliberté E. Mapping canopy traits over Québec using airborne and spaceborne imaging spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17179. [PMID: 37821515 PMCID: PMC10567784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of new spaceborne imaging spectrometers offers new opportunities for ecologists to map vegetation traits at global scales. However, to date most imaging spectroscopy studies exploiting satellite spectrometers have been constrained to the landscape scale. In this paper we present a new method to map vegetation traits at the landscape scale and upscale trait maps to the continental level, using historical spaceborne imaging spectroscopy (Hyperion) to derive estimates of leaf mass per area, nitrogen, and carbon concentrations of forests in Québec, Canada. We compare estimates for each species with reference field values and obtain good agreement both at the landscape and continental scales, with patterns consistent with the leaf economic spectrum. By exploiting the Hyperion satellite archive to map these traits and successfully upscale the estimates to the continental scale, we demonstrate the great potential of recent and upcoming spaceborne spectrometers to benefit plant biodiversity monitoring and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Miraglio
- Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Anna L Crofts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Kalacska
- Applied Remote Sensing Lab, Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo-Mora
- Flight Research Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
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29
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Sanchez DL, Santana AS, Morais PIC, Peterlini E, De La Fuente G, Castellano MJ, Blanco M, Lübberstedt T. Phenotypic and genome-wide association analyses for nitrogen use efficiency related traits in maize ( Zea mays L.) exotic introgression lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1270166. [PMID: 37877090 PMCID: PMC10590880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) limits crop production, yet more than half of N fertilizer inputs are lost to the environment. Developing maize hybrids with improved N use efficiency can help minimize N losses and in turn reduce adverse ecological, economical, and health consequences. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with agronomic traits (plant height, grain yield, and anthesis to silking interval) under high and low N conditions. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 181 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from crosses between landraces from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (BGEM lines) project and two inbreds, PHB47 and PHZ51. These DH lines were genotyped using 62,077 SNP markers. The same lines from the per se trials were used as parental lines for the testcross field trials. Plant height, anthesis to silking interval, and grain yield were collected from high and low N conditions in three environments for both per se and testcross trials. We used three GWAS models, namely, general linear model (GLM), mixed linear model (MLM), and Fixed and Random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) model. We observed significant genetic variation among the DH lines and their derived testcrosses. Interestingly, some testcrosses of exotic introgression lines were superior under high and low N conditions compared to the check hybrid, PHB47/PHZ51. We detected multiple SNPs associated with agronomic traits under high and low N, some of which co-localized with gene models associated with stress response and N metabolism. The BGEM panel is, thus, a promising source of allelic diversity for genes controlling agronomic traits under different N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Blanco
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
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30
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Yang J, Wang Z, Pan Y, Zheng Y. Woody plant functional traits and phylogenetic signals correlate with urbanization in remnant forest patches. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10366. [PMID: 37529580 PMCID: PMC10388403 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the alterations in functional traits of urban remnant vegetation offers a more comprehensive perspective on plant assembly within the context of urbanization. While plant functional traits are influenced by both environmental gradients and the evolutionary history of plant species, the specific mechanisms by which urbanization mediates the combination of functional traits and the evolutionary history of remnant vegetation remain unclear. To examine the relationship between functional traits and phylogenies of remnant vegetation and urbanization, we classified the woody plant species surveyed in 72 sample plots in nine remnant forest patches in Guiyang, China, into four groups (urban, rural, middle and general groups) according to their location under different levels of urbanization and measured nine functional traits of these species. The phylogenetic signals of each functional trait of the four species groups were then quantified based on Blomberg's K. Furthermore, we analysed the correlations between functional traits and species abundance using phylogenetic generalized least squares. The results showed that significant phylogenetic signals were detected in more functional traits of the urban group than other groups. Thirteen and three significant relationships between functional traits and species abundance were detected for tree and shrub species after removing phylogenies. Tall tree species were more abundant in the urban group, while the general group favoured the species with adaptable traits (low height and high leaf area and C/N). Overall, we demonstrate that urbanization drove shifts in plant functional traits in remnant forests after combining the phylogenetic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- College of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Zijin Wang
- College of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Ying Pan
- College of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- College of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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31
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Zhang L, Liu J, Shen X, Li S, Li W, Xiao X. Response Surfaces Method and Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Modeling the Effects of Environmental Factors on Chlorophyll a in Isochrysis galbana. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1875. [PMID: 37630435 PMCID: PMC10458309 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reported the condition optimization for chlorophyll a (Chl a) from the microalga Isochrysis galbana. The key parameters affecting the Chl a content of I. galbana were determined by a single-factor optimization experiment. Then the individual and interaction of three factors, including salinity, pH and nitrogen concentration, was optimized by using the method of Box-Benhnken Design. The highest Chl a content (0.51 mg/L) was obtained under the optimum conditions of salinity 30‱ and nitrogen concentration of 72.1 mg/L at pH 8.0. The estimation models of Chl a content based on the response surfaces method (RSM) and three different artificial intelligence models of artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), were established, respectively. The fitting model was evaluated by using statistical analysis parameters. The high accuracy of prediction was achieved on the ANN, SVM and RBFNN models with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9113, 0.9127, and 0.9185, respectively. The performance of these artificial intelligence models depicted better prediction capability than the RSM model for anticipating all the responses. Further experimental results suggested that the proposed SVM and RBFNN model are efficient techniques for accurately fitting the Chl a content of I. galbana and will be helpful in validating future experimental work on the Chl a content by computational intelligence approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinfeng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266510, China
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32
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Arogoundade AM, Mutanga O, Odindi J, Naicker R. The role of remote sensing in tropical grassland nutrient estimation: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:954. [PMID: 37452968 PMCID: PMC10349770 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) ratio is a key indicator of nutrient utilization and limitations in rangelands. To understand the distribution of herbivores and grazing patterns, information on grass quality and quantity is important. In heterogeneous environments, remote sensing offers a timely, economical, and effective method for assessing foliar biochemical ratios at varying spatial and temporal scales. Hence, this study provides a synopsis of the advancement in remote sensing technology, limitations, and emerging opportunities in mapping the C:N ratio in rangelands. Specifically, the paper focuses on multispectral and hyperspectral sensors and investigates their properties, absorption features, empirical and physical methods, and algorithms in predicting the C:N ratio in grasslands. Literature shows that the determination of the C:N ratio in grasslands is not in line with developments in remote sensing technologies. Thus, the use of advanced and freely available sensors with improved spectral and spatial properties such as Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8/9 with sophisticated algorithms may provide new opportunities to estimate C:N ratio in grasslands at regional scales, especially in developing countries. Spectral bands in the near-infrared, shortwave infrared, red, and red edge were identified to predict the C:N ratio in plants. New indices developed from recent multispectral satellite imagery, for example, Sentinel 2 aided by cutting-edge algorithms, can improve the estimation of foliar biochemical ratios. Therefore, this study recommends that future research should adopt new satellite technologies with recent development in machine learning algorithms for improved mapping of the C:N ratio in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola M. Arogoundade
- Discipline of Geography, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Department of Geography, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Onisimo Mutanga
- Discipline of Geography, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Department of Geography, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - John Odindi
- Discipline of Geography, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Department of Geography, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Rowan Naicker
- Discipline of Geography, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Department of Geography, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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33
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Feng H, Guo J, Peng C, Kneeshaw D, Roberge G, Pan C, Ma X, Zhou D, Wang W. Nitrogen addition promotes terrestrial plants to allocate more biomass to aboveground organs: A global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3970-3989. [PMID: 37078965 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta-analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m-2 year-1 ) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%-32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%-17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta-regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade-offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Roberge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chang Pan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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34
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Xie B, Chen Y, Zhang Y, An X, Li X, Yang A, Kang G, Zhou J, Cheng C. Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of apple dwarfing rootstock root morphogenesis under nitrogen and/or phosphorus deficient conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120777. [PMID: 37404544 PMCID: PMC10315683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential phytomacronutrients, and deficiencies in these two elements limit growth and yield in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). The rootstock plays a key role in the nutrient uptake and environmental adaptation of apple. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of N and/or P deficiency on hydroponically-grown dwarfing rootstock 'M9-T337' seedlings, particularly the roots, by performing an integrated physiological, transcriptomics-, and metabolomics-based analyses. Compared to N and P sufficiency, N and/or P deficiency inhibited aboveground growth, increased the partitioning of total N and total P in roots, enhanced the total number of tips, length, volume, and surface area of roots, and improved the root-to-shoot ratio. P and/or N deficiency inhibited NO3 - influx into roots, and H+ pumps played a important role in the response to P and/or N deficiency. Conjoint analysis of differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites in roots revealed that N and/or P deficiency altered the biosynthesis of cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. The expression of MdEXPA4 and MdEXLB1, two cell wall expansin genes, were shown to be induced by N and/or P deficiency. Overexpression of MdEXPA4 enhanced root development and improved tolerance to N and/or P deficiency in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, overexpression of MdEXLB1 in transgenic Solanum lycopersicum seedlings increased the root surface area and promoted acquisition of N and P, thereby facilitating plant growth and adaptation to N and/or P deficiency. Collectively, these results provided a reference for improving root architecture in dwarfing rootstock and furthering our understanding of integration between N and P signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiuhong An
- Research Center for Agricultural Engineering Technology of Mountain District of Hebei/Mountainous Areas Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - An Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Guodong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Cungang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
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35
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Santos TDO, Amaral Junior ATD, Bispo RB, Bernado WDP, Simão BR, de Lima VJ, Freitas MSM, Mora-Poblete F, Trindade RDS, Kamphorst SH, Pereira Rodrigues W, Campostrini E, Nicácio Viana F, Cruz CD. Exploring the Potential of Heterosis to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Popcorn Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112135. [PMID: 37299114 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is crucial for plant growth and development, and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a viable strategy for reducing dependence on nitrogen inputs and promoting sustainability. While the benefits of heterosis in corn are well known, the physiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in popcorn are less understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of heterosis on growth and physiological traits in four popcorn lines and their hybrids under two contrasting nitrogen conditions. We evaluated morpho-agronomic and physiological traits such as leaf pigments, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, and leaf gas exchange. Components associated with NUE were also evaluated. N deprivation caused reductions of up to 65% in terms of plant architecture, 37% in terms of leaf pigments, and 42% in terms of photosynthesis-related traits. Heterosis had significant effects on growth traits, NUE, and foliar pigments, particularly under low soil nitrogen conditions. N-utilization efficiency was found to be the mechanism favoring superior hybrid performance for NUE. Non-additive genetic effects were predominant in controlling the studied traits, indicating that exploring heterosis is the most effective strategy for obtaining superior hybrids to promote NUE. The findings are relevant and beneficial for agro farmers seeking sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop productivity through the optimization of nitrogen utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talles de Oliveira Santos
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosimeire Barboza Bispo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facilities, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Wallace de Paula Bernado
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rohem Simão
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valter Jário de Lima
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas
- Plant Science Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Science and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Roberto Dos Santos Trindade
- National Research Center for Maize and Sorghum, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, MG-424 Highway, Km 45, Sete Lagoas 35701-970, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Weverton Pereira Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Naturais e Letras, Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão (UEMASUL), Estreito 65975-000, MA, Brazil
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia Nicácio Viana
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cosme Damião Cruz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
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36
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Soualiou S, Duan F, Li X, Zhou W. Nitrogen supply alleviates cold stress by increasing photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation in maize seedlings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3142-3162. [PMID: 36847687 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress inhibits the early growth of maize, leading to reduced productivity. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient that stimulates maize growth and productivity, but the relationship between N availability and cold tolerance is poorly characterized. Therefore, we studied the acclimation of maize under combined cold stress and N treatments. Exposure to cold stress caused a decline in growth and N assimilation, but increased abscisic acid (ABA) and carbohydrate accumulation. The application of different N concentrations from the priming stage to the recovery period resulted in the following observations: (i) high N supply alleviated cold stress-dependent growth inhibition, as shown by increased biomass, chlorophyll and Rubisco content and PSII efficiency; (ii) cold stress-induced ABA accumulation was repressed under high N, presumably due to enhanced stomatal conductance; (iii) the mitigating effects of high N on cold stress could be due to the increased activities of N assimilation enzymes and improved redox homeostasis. After cold stress, the ability of maize seedlings to recover increased under high N treatment, indicating the potential role of high N in the cold stress tolerance of maize seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soualihou Soualiou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengying Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081, China
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Liao Y, Zhao S, Zhang W, Zhao P, Lu B, Moody ML, Tan N, Chen L. Chromosome-level genome and high nitrogen stress response of the widespread and ecologically important wetland plant Typha angustifolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138498. [PMID: 37265642 PMCID: PMC10230045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Typha angustifolia L., known as narrowleaf cattail, is widely distributed in Eurasia but has been introduced to North America. Typha angustifolia is a semi-aquatic, wetland obligate plant that is widely distributed in Eurasia and North America. It is ecologically important for nutrient cycling in wetlands where it occurs and is used in phytoremediation and traditional medicine. In order to construct a high-quality genome for Typha angustifolia and investigate genes in response to high nitrogen stress, we carried out complete genome sequencing and high-nitrogen-stress experiments. We generated a chromosomal-level genome of T. angustifolia, which had 15 pseudochromosomes, a size of 207 Mb, and a contig N50 length of 13.57 Mb. Genome duplication analyses detected no recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event for T. angustifolia. An analysis of gene family expansion and contraction showed that T. angustifolia gained 1,310 genes and lost 1,426 genes. High-nitrogen-stress experiments showed that a high nitrogen level had a significant inhibitory effect on root growth and differential gene expression analyses using 24 samples found 128 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the nitrogen-treated and control groups. DEGs in the roots and leaves were enriched in alanines, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, among others. This study provides genomic data for a medicinal and ecologically important herb and lays a theoretical foundation for plant-assisted water pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuying Zhao
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Puguang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael L. Moody
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Ninghua Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang F, Wang Y, Ying L, Lu H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu J, Wu Y, Mo X, Wu Z, Mao C. Integrated transcriptomic analysis identifies coordinated responses to nitrogen and phosphate deficiency in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1164441. [PMID: 37223782 PMCID: PMC10200874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two primary components of fertilizers for crop production. Coordinated acquisition and utilization of N and P are crucial for plants to achieve nutrient balance and optimal growth in a changing rhizospheric nutrient environment. However, little is known about how N and P signaling pathways are integrated. We performed transcriptomic analyses and physiological experiments to explore gene expression profiles and physiological homeostasis in the response of rice (Oryza sativa) to N and P deficiency. We revealed that N and P shortage inhibit rice growth and uptake of other nutrients. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) suggested that N and Pi deficiency stimulate specific different physiological reactions and also some same physiological processes in rice. We established the transcriptional regulatory network between N and P signaling pathways based on all DEGs. We determined that the transcript levels of 763 core genes changed under both N or P starvation conditions. Among these core genes, we focused on the transcription factor gene NITRATE-INDUCIBLE, GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR 1 (NIGT1) and show that its encoded protein is a positive regulator of P homeostasis and a negative regulator of N acquisition in rice. NIGT1 promoted Pi uptake but inhibited N absorption, induced the expression of Pi responsive genes PT2 and SPX1 and repressed the N responsive genes NLP1 and NRT2.1. These results provide new clues about the mechanisms underlying the interaction between plant N and P starvation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luying Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijian Liu
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, Hainan, China
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Theerawitaya C, Supaibulwatana K, Tisarum R, Samphumphuang T, Chungloo D, Singh HP, Cha-Um S. Expression levels of nitrogen assimilation-related genes, physiological responses, and morphological adaptations of three indica rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) genotypes subjected to nitrogen starvation conditions. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:691-705. [PMID: 36056227 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient available to the plants in form of nitrate and ammonium. It is a macronutrient important for the plant growth and development, especially in cereal crops, which consume it for the production of amino acids, proteins/enzymes, nucleic acids, cell wall complexes, plant hormones, and vitamins. In rice production, 17 kg N uptake is required to produce 1 ton of rice. Considering this, many techniques have been developed to evaluate leaf greenness or SPAD value for assessing the amount of N application in the rice cultivar to maximize the grain yield. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morpho-physiological characteristics and relative expression level of N assimilation in three different rice genotypes (MT2, RD31, KDML105) under 1.00 × (full N), 0.50 × , 0.25 × (N depletion), and 0.00 × (N deficiency) at seedling stage and the morpho-physiological traits and the grain yield attributes under 1.00 × (full N) and 0.25 × (N depletion) were compared. Leaf chlorosis and growth inhibition in rice seedlings under N deficiency were evidently observed. Shoot height, number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root fresh weight in KDML105 under N deficiency were decreased by 27.65%, 42.11%, 65.44%, 47.90%, and 54.09% over the control (full N). Likewise, leaf greenness was lowest in KDML105 under N deficiency (78.57% reduction over the full N), leading to low photosynthetic abilities. In addition, expression of nitrogen assimilation-related genes, OsNR1, OsGln1;1, and OsGln2, in KDML105 under N depletion were increased within 3 h and then declined after the long incubation period, whereas those were unchanged in cvs. MT2 and RD31. Similarly, relative expression level of OsNADH-GOGAT, OsFd-GOGAT, and OsAspAt1 in KDML105 was peaked when subjected to 0.50 × N for 6 h and then declined after the long incubation period. Moreover, overall growth characters and physiological changes in cv. RD31 at vegetative stage under 0.25 × N were retained better than those in cvs. KDML105 and MT2, resulting in high yield at the harvesting process. In summary, N assimilated-related genes in rice seedlings under N depletion were rapidly regulated within 3-6 h, especially cv. KDML105 and MT2, then downregulated, resulting in physiological changes, growth inhibition, and yield reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cattarin Theerawitaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thapanee Samphumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Daonapa Chungloo
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Suriyan Cha-Um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
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Peng B, Wu X, Zhang C, Zhang C, Lan L, Ping J, Ying Y. In-Time Detection of Plant Water Status Change by Self-Adhesive, Water-Proof, and Gas-Permeable Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19199-19208. [PMID: 37022351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf capacitance can reflect plant water content. However, the rigid electrodes used in leaf capacitance monitoring may affect plant health status. Herein, we report a self-adhesive, water-proof, and gas-permeable electrode fabricated by in situ electrospinning of a polylactic acid nanofiber membrane (PLANFM) on a leaf, spraying a layer of the carbon nanotube membrane (CNTM) on PLANFM, and in situ electrospinning of PLANFM on CNTM. The electrodes could be self-adhered to the leaf via electrostatic adhesion due to the charges on PLANFM and the leaf, thus forming a capacitance sensor. Compared with the electrode fabricated by a transferring approach, the in situ fabricated one did not show obvious influence on plant physiological parameters. On that basis, a wireless leaf capacitance sensing system was developed, and the change of plant water status was detected in the first day of drought stress, which was much earlier than direct observation of the plant appearance. This work paved a useful way to realize noninvasive and real-time detection of stress using plant wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Lan
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Parkash V, Snider JL, Sintim HY, Hand LC, Virk G, Pokhrel A. Differential sensitivities of photosynthetic processes and carbon loss mechanisms govern N-induced variation in net carbon assimilation rate for field-grown cotton. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2638-2652. [PMID: 36715336 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency limits the net carbon assimilation rate (AN), but the relative N sensitivities of photosynthetic component processes and carbon loss mechanisms remain relatively unexplored for field-grown cotton. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to define the relative sensitivity of individual physiological processes driving N deficiency-induced declines in AN for field-grown cotton. Among the potential diffusional limitations evaluated, mesophyll conductance was the only parameter substantially reduced by N deficiency, but this did not affect CO2 availability in the chloroplast. A number of metabolic processes were negatively impacted by N deficiency, and these effects were more pronounced at lower leaf positions in the cotton canopy. Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration and carboxylation, AN, and gross photosynthesis were the most sensitive metabolic processes to N deficiency, whereas photosynthetic electron transport processes, electron flux to photorespiration, and dark respiration exhibited intermediate sensitivity to N deficiency. Among thylakoid-specific processes, the quantum yield of PSI end electron acceptor reduction was the most sensitive process to N deficiency. It was concluded that AN is primarily limited by Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration under N deficiency in field-grown cotton, and the differential N sensitivities of the photosynthetic process and carbon loss mechanisms contributed significantly to photosynthetic declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Henry Y Sintim
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Lavesta C Hand
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Gurpreet Virk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Amrit Pokhrel
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
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Guo J, Chen T, Zheng G, Yang J, Qian T, Liu X, Meng X, Li Y. Cadmium accumulation responses in Hylotelephium spectabile: The role of photosynthetic characteristics under different nitrogen, moisture, and light conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138019. [PMID: 36736483 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The influence of environmental factors on Cd accumulation by Hylotelephium spectabile and its physiological mechanisms are unclear. A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen, soil moisture, and light regulation on plant growth, Cd absorption and translocation, and the photosynthetic characteristics of two H. spectabile populations (LN with high Cd accumulation capacity and HB1 with relatively low Cd accumulation capacity). The results showed that Cd accumulation in LN was 59.6% higher than that in HB1 which may partly be explained by the inherent high transpiration rate of LN, especially at the terminal stage. In addition, the photosynthetic rate of LN responded more positively to nitrogen than HB1, which further amplified its advantages on plant growth and Cd accumulation. Moderate drought significantly stimulated root growth of LN, indicating that LN possesses stronger resistance to drought. Shade inhibited Cd distribution, rather than directly affecting Cd concentrations in H. spectabile. The combined stress of shade and drought had a synergistic effect on Cd translocation in H. spectabile. Moreover, LN achieved 17.3%∼444.5% higher transpiration levels than HB1 under environmental stress, which ensured a more efficient Cd transport capacity of LN. Therefore, the investigation of photosynthetic characteristics further revealed the physiological mechanism by which LN accumulated Cd superior to HB1 under environmental stress and responded more positively to nitrogen nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China; Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Tianwei Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Xiaofei Meng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Nio SA, Mantilen Ludong DP. Beneficial Root-Associated Microbiome during Drought and Flooding Stress in Plants. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:287-299. [PMID: 37859559 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.287.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Crop productivity is seriously threatened by the rise in the frequency and severity of drought and flood events around the world. Reduced drought and flooding stress in vulnerable species and ecosystems depends on our ability to comprehend how drought and flooding affect plant physiology and plant-associated microbes. Involvement of both abscisic acid ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways has been noted during drought. Hypoxic conditions impede hydraulic conductance, nutrient uptake and plant growth and development, as well as root aerobic respiration. The root microbiome, which works with the roots during drought and flood, is made up of plant growth-promoting rhizosphere, endophytes and mycorrhizas. A large number of phytohormones, primarily auxins, cytokinin and ethylene, as well as enzymes like 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) and metabolites like exopolysaccharides are produced by rhizospheric microbes. These phytohormones, enzymes and metabolites have role in the induction of systemic drought tolerance in plants. Under hypoxia, anaerobic microbes with the potential to harm the plant due to their pathogenic behavior or soil denitrification ability are more likely to be present in the rhizosphere and roots. This review concentrates on the primary mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions under drought and flood stress as well as the importance of flood and drought-tolerant microbes in maintaining and increasing crop plant productivity under stress.
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An YQ, Qin ZT, Li DD, Zhao RQ, Bi BS, Wang DW, Ma DJ, Xi Z. The combined formulation of brassinolide and pyraclostrobin increases biomass and seed yield by improving photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138563. [PMID: 37063198 PMCID: PMC10090558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global food crisis, applying the phytohormone-brassinosteroids (BRs) in combination with the fungicide-pyraclostrobin (Pyr) was beneficial for plant quality and productivity in several field trials. However, in addition to the benefits of disease control due to the innate fungicidal activity of Pyr, it remains to be understood whether the coapplication of BL+ Pyr exerts additional growth-promoting effects. For this purpose, the effects of BL treatment, Pyr treatment, and BL+ Pyr treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana were compared. The results showed that the yield increased at a rate of 25.6% in the BL+Pyr group and 9.7% in the BL group, but no significant change was observed in the Pyr group. Furthermore, the BL+Pyr treatment increased the fresh weight of both the leaves and the inflorescences. In contrast, the Pyr and BL treatments only increased the fresh weight of leaves and inflorescences, respectively. Additionally, the BL + Pyr treatment increased the Pn, Gs, Tr, Vc, max, Jmax, VTPU, ETR, Fv'/Fm', ΦPSII, Rd, AYE and Rubisco enzyme activity by 26%, 38%, 40%, 16%, 19%, 15%, 9%, 10%, 17%, 179%, 18% and 32%, respectively. While, these paraments did not change significantly by the BL or Pyr treatments. Treatment with BL + Pyr and Pyr, rather than BL, improved the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents by upregulating genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis and downregulating genes related to chlorophyll degradation. Additionally, according to transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, the BL+ Pyr treatment outperformed the individual BL or Pyr treatments in activating the transcription of genes involved in photosynthesis and increasing sugar accumulation. Our results first validated that the combined usage of BL and Pyr exerted striking synergistic effects on enhancing plant biomass and yield by increasing photosynthetic efficiency. These results might provide new understanding for the agricultural effects by the co-application of BL and Pyr, and it might stimulate the efforts to develop new environment-friendly replacement for Pyr to minimize the ecotoxicology of Pyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi An
- *Correspondence: Ya-Qi An, ; Zhen Xi,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhen Xi
- *Correspondence: Ya-Qi An, ; Zhen Xi,
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Wu Y, Yao F, Wang Y, Ma L, Li X. Association of maize ( Zea mays L.) senescence with water and nitrogen utilization under different drip irrigation systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133206. [PMID: 37008479 PMCID: PMC10064151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drip irrigation is an efficient water-saving system used to improve crop production worldwide. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of maize plant senescence and its association with yield, soil water, and nitrogen (N) utilization under this system. METHODS A 3-year field experiment in the northeast plains of China was used to assess four drip irrigation systems: (1) drip irrigation under plastic film mulch (PI); (2) drip irrigation under biodegradable film mulch (BI); (3) drip irrigation incorporating straw returning (SI); and (4) drip irrigation with the tape buried at a shallow soil depth (OI), and furrow irrigation (FI) was used as the control. The plant senescence characteristic based on the dynamic process of green leaf area (GLA) and live root length density (LRLD) during the reproductive stage, and its correlation with leaf N components, water use efficiency (WUE), and N use efficiency (NUE) was investigated. RESULTS PI followed by BI achieved the highest integral GLA and LRLD, grain filling rate, and leaf and root senescence rate after silking. Greater yield, WUE, and NUE were positively associated with higher N translocation efficiency of leaf protein responding for photosynthesis, respiration, and structure under PI and BI; whereas, no significant differences were found in yield, WUE, and NUE between PI and BI. SI effectively promoted LRLD in the deeper 20- to 100-cm soil layers, prolonged the GLA and LRLD persistent durations, and reduced the leaf and root senescence rates. The remobilization of non-protein storage N was stimulated by SI, FI, and OI, which made up for the relative inadequacy of leaf N. DISCUSSION Instead of persistent GLA and LRLD durations and high translocation efficiency of non-protein storage N, fast and large protein N translocation from leaves to grains under PI and BI was found to facilitate maize yield, WUE, and NUE in the sole cropping semi-arid region, and BI was recommend considering that it can reduce plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Fanyun Yao
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fu F, Long B, Huang Q, Li J, Zhou W, Yang C. Integrated effects of residual plastic films on soil-rhizosphere microbe-plant ecosystem. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130420. [PMID: 36462237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intensive application of low-density polyethylene mulch films has resulted in substantial accumulation of residual plastics in agricultural soil. Although considerable concerns have been raised on the residual plastic pollution, their impacts on the soil-rhizosphere microbe-plant ecosystem have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used a pot experiment to determine the effects of residual plastic films with different sizes (La, Ma, Mi and Mx) on properties, enzyme systems and nutrients of soil, composition of rhizosphere microbial community, and physiology, growth and stress response of rice plants. Residual plastic films significantly decreased soil bulk density and increased soil porosity, leading to the alteration of extracellular enzyme activities, and accumulation of dissolved nitrogen (NO3-N + NH4-N). The structures of both bacterial and fungal communities were significantly changed by residual plastic films with rhizosphere microbes more sensitive to small-sized plastics. Plant growth was inhibited to different extents by residual plastic films with different sizes. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that photosynthesis and carbon fixation of rice plants were repressed by residual plastic films, due to the reduced chlorophyll content and rubisco activity. In addition, the endogenous jasmonic acid and antioxidant enzyme system were induced to activate tolerant responses in rice plants to the stress imposed by residual plastic films. The partial least squares path models (PLS-PMs) revealed that residual plastic films had direct and/or indirect effects on the soil-rhizosphere microbe-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bibo Long
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chong Yang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China.
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain ( LBD) Members in Alfalfa and the Involvement of MsLBD48 in Nitrogen Assimilation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054644. [PMID: 36902075 PMCID: PMC10003661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) proteins, a transcription factor family specific to the land plants, have been implicated in multiple biological processes including organ development, pathogen response and the uptake of inorganic nitrogen. The study focused on LBDs in legume forage Alfalfa. The genome-wide analysis revealed that in Alfalfa 178 loci across 31 allelic chromosomes encoded 48 unique LBDs (MsLBDs), and the genome of its diploid progenitor M. sativa spp. Caerulea encoded 46 LBDs. Synteny analysis indicated that the expansion of AlfalfaLBDs was attributed to the whole genome duplication event. The MsLBDs were divided into two major phylogenetic classes, and the LOB domain of the Class I members was highly conserved relative to that of the Class II. The transcriptomic data demonstrated that 87.5% of MsLBDs were expressed in at least one of the six test tissues, and Class II members were preferentially expressed in nodules. Moreover, the expression of Class II LBDs in roots was upregulated by the treatment of inorganic nitrogen such as KNO3 and NH4Cl (0.3 mM). The overexpression of MsLBD48, a Class II member, in Arabidopsis resulted in growth retardance with significantly declined biomass compared with the non-transgenic plants, and the transcription level of the genes involved in nitrogen uptake or assimilation, including NRT1.1, NRT2.1, NIA1 and NIA2 was repressed. Therefore, the LBDs in Alfalfa are highly conserved with their orthologs in embryophytes. Our observations that ectopic expression of MsLBD48 inhibited Arabidopsis growth by repressing nitrogen adaption suggest the negative role of the transcription factor in plant uptake of inorganic nitrogen. The findings imply the potential application of MsLBD48 in Alfalfa yield improvement via gene editing.
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Cun Z, Wu HM, Zhang JY, Shuang SP, Hong J, An TX, Chen JW. High nitrogen inhibits biomass and saponins accumulation in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14933. [PMID: 36846464 PMCID: PMC9951802 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient and is comprehensively involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. However, the interaction between N supply and crop yield and the accumulation of effective constituents in an N-sensitive medicinal plant Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen is not completely known. Morphological traits, N use and allocation, photosynthetic capacity and saponins accumulation were evaluated in two- and three-year-old P. notoginseng grown under different N regimes. The number and length of fibrous root, total root length and root volume were reduced with the increase of N supply. The accumulation of leaf and stem biomass (above-ground) were enhanced with increasing N supply, and LN-grown plants had the lowest root biomass. Above-ground biomass was closely correlated with N content, and the relationship between root biomass and N content was negatives in P. notoginseng (r = -0.92). N use efficiency-related parameters, NUE (N use efficiency, etc.), NC (N content in carboxylation system component) and P n (the net photosynthetic rate) were reduced in HN-grown P. notoginseng. SLN (specific leaf N), Chl (chlorophyll), NL (N content in light capture component) increased with an increase in N application. Interestingly, root biomass was positively correlated with NUE, yield and P n. Above-ground biomass was close negatively correlated with photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). Saponins content was positively correlated with NUE and P n. Additionally, HN improved the root yield of per plant compared with LN, but reduced the accumulation of saponins, and the lowest yield of saponins per unit area (35.71 kg·hm-2) was recorded in HN-grown plants. HN-grown medicinal plants could inhibit the accumulation of root biomass by reducing N use and photosynthetic capacity, and HN-induced decrease in the accumulation of saponins (C-containing metabolites) might be closely related to the decline in N efficiency and photosynthetic capacity. Overall, N excess reduces the yield of root and C-containing secondary metabolites (active ingredient) in N-sensitive medicinal species such as P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Hong
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong-Xin An
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Parrey ZA, Shah SH, Fayaz M, Casini R, Elansary HO, Mohammad F. Nitrogen Supplementation Modulates Morphological, Biochemical, Yield and Quality Attributes of Peppermint. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:809. [PMID: 36840157 PMCID: PMC9962011 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising demand for essential oil in the world market, peppermint has gained an important status among aromatic and medicinal plants. It becomes imperative to optimize its performance in terms of the growth, physiological functioning and biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. A factorial randomized pot experiment was performed using three peppermint cultivars (Kukrail, Pranjal and Tushar) and five levels of leaf-applied nitrogen (N), viz. 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2%. The phenological features, biochemical parameters, viability of root cells, stomatal and trichome behavior were assessed at 100 days after transplanting (DAT). The yield-related parameters, viz., herbage yield, essential oil content, menthol content and yield were studied at 120 DAT. The results revealed that increasing the N doses up to 1.5% enhanced all the studied parameters of peppermint, which thereafter (at the dose above 1.5% N) decreased. The variation pattern of the studied parameters was "low-high-low". Cultivar Kukrail surpassed the two other cultivars Tushar and Pranjal. Among the foliar sprays, the application of 1.5% N increased chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in all three cultivars. Moreover, the essential oil (EO), EO yield and menthol yield of the plant were also increased linearly in all three cultivars as compared with their control plants. Nitrogen application enhanced the trichome size and density of the plants, as revealed through scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, from the GC-MS studies, the EO content in the studied cultivars increased, particularly in the case of menthol, with the N application. It may be concluded that two sprays of N (1.5%) at appropriate growth stages could be beneficial for improving morphological, physio biochemical and yield attributes of peppermint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmad Parrey
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sajad Hussain Shah
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mudasir Fayaz
- Plant Tissue Culture Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ryan Casini
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Mohammad
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Responses of Young Tomato Plants (cv. Micro-Tom) to Single and Combined Mild Nitrogen and Water Deficit: Not the Sum of the Parts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020375. [PMID: 36829934 PMCID: PMC9951916 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to perform a broad analysis of the antioxidant (AOX) responses of young tomato plants exposed to single and combined mild nitrogen (N) and water deficits through the evaluation of oxidative biomarkers, non-enzymatic and enzymatic AOX components. 'Micro-Tom' seedlings were subjected to four treatments: control (CTR; 100%N + 100%W), N deficit (N; 50%N), water deficit (W; 50%W), and combined deficits (N + W; 50%N + 50%W). An enhancement of several non-enzymatic and enzymatic components was found in plants subjected to N + W deficit, which presented higher anthocyanins accumulation (up to 103%) as well as higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) transcripts at root level and of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) transcripts at shoot level. This increase in the gene expression was also translated in augmented SOD (up to 202%), APX (up to 155%) and CAT (up to 108%) activity compared to CTR plants and the single deficits. Overall, tomato plants were able to employ defense strategies to cope with this combined deficit, as demonstrated by the higher total AOX capacity (up to 87%) compared to the single deficits, which contributed to the maintenance of their redox homeostasis, with unchanged values of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide compared with CTR plants.
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