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Nunes ACL, Carmo M, Behrenswerth A, Canas PM, Agostinho P, Cunha RA. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Blockade Provides More Effective Benefits at the Onset Rather than after Overt Neurodegeneration in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4903. [PMID: 38732120 PMCID: PMC11084368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists are the leading nondopaminergic therapy to manage Parkinson's disease (PD) since they afford both motor benefits and neuroprotection. PD begins with a synaptic dysfunction and damage in the striatum evolving to an overt neuronal damage of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We tested if A2AR antagonists are equally effective in controlling these two degenerative processes. We used a slow intracerebroventricular infusion of the toxin MPP+ in male rats for 15 days, which caused an initial loss of synaptic markers in the striatum within 10 days, followed by a neuronal loss in the substantia nigra within 30 days. Interestingly, the initial loss of striatal nerve terminals involved a loss of both dopaminergic and glutamatergic synaptic markers, while GABAergic markers were preserved. The daily administration of the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) in the first 10 days after MPP+ infusion markedly attenuated both the initial loss of striatal synaptic markers and the subsequent loss of nigra dopaminergic neurons. Strikingly, the administration of SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p. for 10 days) starting 20 days after MPP+ infusion was less efficacious to attenuate the loss of nigra dopaminergic neurons. This prominent A2AR-mediated control of synaptotoxicity was directly confirmed by showing that the MPTP-induced dysfunction (MTT assay) and damage (lactate dehydrogenase release assay) of striatal synaptosomes were prevented by 50 nM SCH58261. This suggests that A2AR antagonists may be more effective to counteract the onset rather than the evolution of PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla L. Nunes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Marta Carmo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Andrea Behrenswerth
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Paula M. Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.L.N.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Souza JR, Lima-Silveira L, Accorsi-Mendonça D, Machado BH. Enhancement of the Evoked Excitatory Transmission in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Neurons after Sustained Hypoxia in Mice Depends on A 2A Receptors. Neuroscience 2024; 536:57-71. [PMID: 37979842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The first synapses of the afferents of peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) and there is evidence that short-term sustained hypoxia (SH - 24 h, FiO2 0.1) facilitates glutamatergic transmission in NTS neurons of rats. Adenosine is an important neuromodulator of synaptic transmission and hypoxia contributes to increase its extracellular concentration. The A2A receptors mediate the excitatory actions of adenosine and are active players in the modulation of neuronal networks in the NTS. Herein, we used knockout mice for A2A receptors (A2AKO) and electrophysiological recordings of NTS neurons were performed to evaluate the contribution of these receptors in the changes in synaptic transmission in NTS neurons of mice submitted to SH. The membrane passive properties and excitability of NTS neurons were not affected by SH and were similar between A2AKO and wild-type mice. The overall amplitude of spontaneous glutamatergic currents in NTS neurons of A2AKO mice was lower than in Balb/c WT mice. SH increased the amplitude of evoked glutamatergic currents of NTS neurons from WT mice by a non-presynaptic mechanism, but this enhancement was not observed in NTS neurons of A2AKO mice. Under normoxia, the amplitude of evoked glutamatergic currents was similar between WT and A2AKO mice. The data indicate that A2A receptors (a) modulate spontaneous glutamatergic currents, (b) do not modulate the evoked glutamatergic transmission in the NTS neurons under control conditions, and (c) are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed in the NTS neurons of mice submitted to SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Souza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Lima-Silveira
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Accorsi-Mendonça
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito H Machado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil.
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Sahay S, Devine EA, McCullumsmith RE, O’Donovan SM. Adenosine Receptor mRNA Expression in Frontal Cortical Neurons in Schizophrenia. Cells 2023; 13:32. [PMID: 38201235 PMCID: PMC10778287 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder associated with the dysregulation of glutamate and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. The adenosine system is an important neuroregulatory system in the brain that modulates glutamate and dopamine signaling via the ubiquitously expressed adenosine receptors; however, adenosine A1 and A2A receptor (A1R and A2AR) mRNA expression is poorly understood in specific cell subtypes in the frontal cortical brain regions implicated in this disorder. In this study, we assayed A1R and A2AR mRNA expression via qPCR in enriched populations of pyramidal neurons, which were isolated from postmortem anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) tissue from schizophrenia (n = 20) and control (n = 20) subjects using laser microdissection (LMD). A1R expression was significantly increased in female schizophrenia subjects compared to female control subjects (t(13) = -4.008, p = 0.001). A1R expression was also significantly decreased in female control subjects compared to male control subjects, suggesting sex differences in basal A1R expression (t(17) = 2.137, p = 0.047). A significant, positive association was found between dementia severity (clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores) and A2AR mRNA expression (Spearman's r = 0.424, p = 0.009). A2AR mRNA expression was significantly increased in unmedicated schizophrenia subjects, suggesting that A2AR expression may be normalized by chronic antipsychotic treatment (F(1,14) = 9.259, p = 0.009). Together, these results provide novel insights into the neuronal expression of adenosine receptors in the ACC in schizophrenia and suggest that receptor expression changes may be sex-dependent and associated with cognitive decline in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sahay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Emily A. Devine
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Promedica, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sinead M. O’Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (R.E.M.)
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Siddique AHH, Kale PP. Importance of glucose and its metabolism in neurodegenerative disorder, as well as the combination of multiple therapeutic strategies targeting α-synuclein and neuroprotection in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023:S0035-3787(23)01066-4. [PMID: 38040547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
According to recent findings, Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 (pgk-1) enzyme is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the PGK-1 gene lead to decreases in the pgk-1 enzyme which causes an imbalance in the levels of energy demand and supply. An increase in glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production would help alleviate energy deficiency and sustain the acute energetic need of neurons. Neurodegeneration is caused by an imbalance or reduction in ATP levels. Recent data suggest that medications that increase glycolysis and neuroprotection can be used to treat PD. The current study focuses on treatment options for disorders associated with the pgk-1 enzyme, GLP-1, and A2A receptor which can be utilized to treat PD. A combination of metformin and terazosin, exenatide and meclizine, istradefylline and salbutamol treatments may benefit parkinsonism. The review also looked at potential target-specific new techniques that might assist in satisfying unfulfilled requirements in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H H Siddique
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle west, 400056 Mumbai, India.
| | - P P Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle west, 400056 Mumbai, India.
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Semenova EI, Partevian SA, Shulskaya MV, Rudenok MM, Lukashevich MV, Baranova NM, Doronina OB, Doronina KS, Rosinskaya AV, Fedotova EY, Illarioshkin SN, Slominsky PA, Shadrina MI, Alieva AK. Analysis of ADORA2A, MTA1, PTGDS, PTGS2, NSF, and HNMT Gene Expression Levels in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Early Stages of Parkinson's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:9412776. [PMID: 38027039 PMCID: PMC10681775 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9412776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic, age-related neurodegenerative disease. This disease is characterized by a long prodromal period. In this context, it is important to search for the genes and mechanisms that are involved in the development of the pathological process in the earliest stages of the disease. Published data suggest that blood cells, particularly lymphocytes, may be a model for studying the processes that occur in the brain in PD. Thus, in the present work, we performed an analysis of changes in the expression of the genes ADORA2A, MTA1, PTGDS, PTGS2, NSF, and HNMT in the peripheral blood of patients with early stages of PD (stages 1 and 2 of the Hoehn-Yahr scale). We found significant and PD-specific expression changes of four genes, i.e., MTA1, PTGS2, NSF, and HNMT, in the peripheral blood of patients with early stages of PD. These genes may be associated with PD pathogenesis in the early clinical stages and can be considered as potential candidate genes for this disease. Altered expression of the ADORA2A gene in treated PD patients may indicate that this gene is involved in processes affected by antiparkinsonian therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Semenova
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Suzanna A. Partevian
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Shulskaya
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita M. Rudenok
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V. Lukashevich
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina M. Baranova
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga B. Doronina
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, 52, Krasnyy Ave., 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kseniya S. Doronina
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, 52, Krasnyy Ave., 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V. Rosinskaya
- State Public Health Institution Primorsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, 57 Aleutskaya St., 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | | | - Petr A. Slominsky
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria I. Shadrina
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anelya Kh. Alieva
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
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Touati I, Abdalla M, Boulaamane Y, Al-Hoshani N, Alouffi A, Britel MR, Maurady A. Identification of novel dual acting ligands targeting the adenosine A2A and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37850444 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2270753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
GPCRs are a family of transmembrane receptors that are profoundly linked to various neurological disorders, among which is Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most ubiquitous neurological disorder after Alzheimer's disease, characterized by the depletion of dopamine in the central nervous system due to the impairment of dopaminergic neurons, leading to involuntary movements or dyskinesia. The current standard of care for PD is Levodopa, a dopamine precursor, yet the chronic use of this agent can exacerbate motor symptoms. Recent studies have investigated the effects of combining A2AR antagonist and 5-HT1A agonist on dyskinesia and motor complications in animal models of PD. It has been proved that the drug combination has significantly improved involuntary movements while maintaining motor activity, highlighting as a result new lines of therapy for PD treatments, through the regulation of both receptors. Using a combination of ligand-based pharmacophore modelling, virtual screening, and molecular dynamics simulation, this study intends on identifying potential dual-target compounds from IBScreen. Results showed that the selected models displayed good enrichment metrics with a near perfect receiver operator characteristic (ROC) and Area under the accumulation curve (AUAC) values, signifying that the models are both specific and sensitive. Molecular docking and ADMET analysis revealed that STOCK2N-00171 could be potentially active against A2AR and 5-HT1A. Post-MD analysis confirmed that the ligand exhibits a stable behavior throughout the simulation while maintaining crucial interactions. These results imply that STOCK2N-00171 can serve as a blueprint for the design of novel and effective dual-acting ligands targeting A2AR and 5-HT1A.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Touati
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yassir Boulaamane
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Nawal Al-Hoshani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Reda Britel
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Amal Maurady
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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7
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Jacobson KA, Suresh RR, Oliva P. A 2A adenosine receptor agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists and partial agonists. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:1-27. [PMID: 37741687 PMCID: PMC10775762 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The Gs-coupled A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) has been explored extensively as a pharmaceutical target, which has led to numerous clinical trials. However, only one selective A2AAR agonist (regadenoson, Lexiscan) and one selective A2AAR antagonist (istradefylline, Nouriast) have been approved by the FDA, as a pharmacological agent for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and as a cotherapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. Adenosine is widely used in MPI, as Adenoscan. Despite numerous unsuccessful clinical trials, medicinal chemical activity around A2AAR ligands has accelerated recently, particularly through structure-based drug design. New drug-like A2AAR antagonists for PD and cancer immunotherapy have been identified, and many clinical trials have ensued. For example, imaradenant (AZD4635), a compound that was designed computationally, based on A2AAR X-ray structures and biophysical mapping. Mixed A2AAR/A2BAR antagonists are also hopeful for cancer treatment. A2AAR antagonists may also have potential as neuroprotective agents for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paola Oliva
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Khanal S, Bok E, Kim J, Park GH, Choi DY. Dopaminergic neuroprotective effects of inosine in MPTP-induced parkinsonian mice via brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation. Neuropharmacology 2023:109652. [PMID: 37422180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. However, no curative or modifying therapy is known. Inosine is a purine nucleoside that increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the brain through adenosine receptors. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of inosine and elucidated the mechanisms underlying its pharmacological action. Inosine rescued SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from MPP+ injury in a dose-dependent manner. Inosine protection correlated with BDNF expression and the activation of its downstream signaling cascade, as the TrkB receptor inhibitor, K252a and siRNA against the BDNF gene remarkably reduced the protective effects of inosine. Blocking the A1 or A2A adenosine receptors diminished BDNF induction and the rescuing effect of inosine, indicating a critical role of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in inosine-related BDNF elevation. We assessed whether the compound could protect dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced neuronal injury. Beam-walking and challenge beam tests revealed that inosine pretreatment for 3 weeks reduced the MPTP-induced motor function impairment. Inosine ameliorated dopaminergic neuronal loss and MPTP-mediated astrocytic and microglial activation in the substantia nigra and striatum. Inosine ameliorated the depletion of striatal dopamine and its metabolite following MPTP injection. BDNF upregulation and the activation of its downstream signaling pathway seemingly correlate with the neuroprotective effects of inosine. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of inosine against MPTP neurotoxicity via BDNF upregulation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of inosine in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Khanal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehakro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eugene Bok
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehakro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Steel D, Reid KM, Pisani A, Hess EJ, Fox S, Kurian MA. Advances in targeting neurotransmitter systems in dystonia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:217-258. [PMID: 37482394 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia is characterised as uncontrolled, often painful involuntary muscle contractions that cause abnormal postures and repetitive or twisting movements. These movements can be continuous or sporadic and affect different parts of the body and range in severity. Dystonia and its related conditions present a huge cause of neurological morbidity worldwide. Although therapies are available, achieving optimal symptom control without major unwanted effects remains a challenge. Most pharmacological treatments for dystonia aim to modulate the effects of one or more neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, but doing so effectively and with precision is far from straightforward. In this chapter we discuss the physiology of key neurotransmitters, including dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, adenosine and cannabinoids, and their role in dystonia. We explore the ways in which existing pharmaceuticals as well as novel agents, currently in clinical trial or preclinical development, target dystonia, and their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we discuss current and emerging genetic therapies which may be used to treat genetic forms of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Steel
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health (Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases in Children), London, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley M Reid
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health (Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases in Children), London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ellen J Hess
- Emory University School of Medicine, CA, United States
| | - Susan Fox
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manju A Kurian
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health (Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases in Children), London, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Garcia CP, Licht-Murava A, Orr AG. Effects of adenosine A 2A receptors on cognitive function in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:121-154. [PMID: 37741689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors have been studied extensively in the context of motor function and movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. In addition to these roles, A2A receptors have also been increasingly implicated in cognitive function and cognitive impairments in diverse conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, acute brain injury, and stress. We review the roles of A2A receptors in cognitive processes in health and disease, focusing primarily on the effects of reducing or enhancing A2A expression levels or activities in animal models. Studies reveal that A2A receptors in neurons and astrocytes modulate multiple aspects of cognitive function, including memory and motivation. Converging evidence also indicates that A2A receptor levels and activities are aberrantly increased in aging, acute brain injury, and chronic disorders, and these increases contribute to neurocognitive impairments. Therapeutically targeting A2A receptors with selective modulators may alleviate cognitive deficits in diverse neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. Further research on the exact neural mechanisms of these effects as well as the efficacy of selective A2A modulators on cognitive alterations in humans are important areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia P Garcia
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Avital Licht-Murava
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna G Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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11
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Guidolin D, Tortorella C, Marcoli M, Cervetto C, Maura G, Agnati LF. Receptor-receptor interactions and microvesicle exchange as mechanisms modulating signaling between neurons and astrocytes. Neuropharmacology 2023; 231:109509. [PMID: 36935005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that astrocytes play a significant metabolic role in the nervous tissue, maintaining the homeostasis of the extracellular space and of the blood-brain barrier, and providing trophic support to neurons. In addition, however, evidence exists indicating astrocytes as important elements for brain activity through signaling exchange with neurons. Astrocytes, indeed, can sense synaptic activity and their molecular machinery responds to neurotransmitters released by neurons with cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations that, in turn, stimulate the release of neuroactive substances (gliotransmitters) influencing nearby neurons. In both cell types the recognition and transduction of this complex pattern of signals is mediated by specific receptors that are also involved in mechanisms tuning the intercellular cross-talk between astrocytes and neurons. Two of these mechanisms are the focus of the present discussion. The first concerns direct receptor-receptor interactions leading to the formation at the cell membrane of multimeric receptor complexes. The cooperativity that emerges in the actions of orthosteric and allosteric ligands of the monomers forming the assembly provides the cell decoding apparatus with sophisticated and flexible dynamics in terms of recognition and signal transduction pathways. A further mechanism of plasticity involving receptors is based on the transfer of elements of the cellular signaling apparatus via extracellular microvesicles acting as protective containers, which can lead to transient changes in the transmitting/decoding capabilities of the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
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12
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Guo M, Wang J, Yuan Y, Chen L, He J, Wei W, Xu F, Liu Q, Peng M. Role of adenosine A 2A receptors in the loss of consciousness induced by propofol anesthesia. J Neurochem 2023; 164:684-699. [PMID: 36445101 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of propofol-anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness (LOC) remains largely unknown. We speculated that the adenosine A2A receptor serves as a vital molecular target in regulating LOC states under propofol anesthesia. c-Fos staining helped observe the changes in the neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Initially, the adenosine signals in the NAc were measured under propofol anesthesia using fiber photometry recordings. Then, behavior tests and electrophysiological recordings were used to verify the effect of systemic A2A R agonist or antagonist treatment on propofol anesthesia. Next, the microinjection technique was used to clarify the role of the NAc A2A R under propofol anesthesia. Fiber photometry recordings were applied to assess the effect of A2A R agonist or antagonist systemic treatment on adenosine signal alterations in the NAc during propofol anesthesia. Then, as the GABAergic neurons are the main neurons in the NAc, we further measured the neuronal activity of GABAergic neurons. In our study, propofol anesthesia enhanced the neuronal activity in the NAc, and the adenosine signals were increased in the NAc. SCH58261 reduced the LOC time and sedative depth, while CGS21680 increased those via intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, CGS21680 increased the changes in delta, theta, alpha, beta, and low-gamma oscillations in the NAc. Moreover, microinjection of SCH58261 significantly shortened the LOC time, whereas microinjection of CGS21680 into the NAc significantly prolonged the LOC duration. The results illustrated that after A2A R agonist administration, the level of extracellular adenosine signals in the NAc was decreased and the neuronal activity of GABAergic neurons was enhanced, whereas after A2A R antagonist administration via intraperitoneal injection, the opposite occurred. This study reveals the vital role of the A2A R in propofol-induced LOC and that the A2A R could affect the maintenance of propofol anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Disease, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yikang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mian Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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13
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Sun X, Liu M, Xu X, Shi C, Zhang L, Yao Z, Chen J, Wang Q. Accumbal adenosine A 2A receptor inactivation biases for large and costly rewards in the effort- but not delay-based decision making. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109273. [PMID: 36252615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cost-benefit decision-making (CBDM) is critical to normal human activity and a diminished willingness to expend effort to obtain rewards is a prevalent/noted characteristic of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease. Numerous studies have identified nucleus accumbens (NAc) as an important locus for CBDM control but their neuromodulatory and behavioral mechanisms remain largely under-explored. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), which are highly concentrated in the striatopallidal neurons, can integrate glutamate and dopamine signals for controlling effort-related choice behaviors. While the involvement of A2ARs in effort-based decision making is well documented, the role of other decision variables (reward discrimination) in effort-based decision making and the role of A2AR in delay-based decision making are less clear. In this study, we have developed a well-controlled CBDM behavioral paradigm to manipulate effort/cost and reward independently or in combination, allowing a dissection of four behavioral elements: effort-based CBDM (E-CBDM), delay-based CBDM (D-CBDM), reward discrimination (RD), effort discrimination (ED), and determined the effect of genetic knockdown (KD) of NAc A2AR on the four behavioral elements. We found that A2AR KD in NAc increased the choice for larger, more costly reward in the E-CBDM, but not D-CBDM. Furthermore, this high-effort/high-reward bias was attributable to the increased willingness to engage in effort but not the effect of discrimination of reward magnitude. Our findings substantiate an important role of the NAc A2AR in control of E-CBDM and support that pharmacologically targeting NAc A2ARs would be a useful strategy for treating the aberrant effort-based decision making in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Min Liu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chennan Shi
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhimo Yao
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiangfan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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14
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Gonçalves FQ, Matheus FC, Silva HB, Real JI, Rial D, Rodrigues RJ, Oses JP, Silva AC, Gonçalves N, Prediger RD, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA. Increased ATP Release and Higher Impact of Adenosine A 2A Receptors on Corticostriatal Plasticity in a Rat Model of Presymptomatic Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1659-1674. [PMID: 36547848 PMCID: PMC9899190 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP can be a danger signal, but its role in striatal circuits afflicted in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear and was now investigated. ATP was particularly released at high stimulation intensities from purified striatal nerve terminals of mice, which were endowed with different ATP-P2 receptors (P2R), although P2R antagonists did not alter corticostriatal transmission or plasticity. Instead, ATP was extracellularly catabolized into adenosine through CD73 to activate adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) modulating corticostriatal long-term potentiation (LTP) in mice. In the presymptomatic phase of a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD, ATP release from striatal nerve terminals was increased and was responsible for a greater impact of CD73 and A2AR on corticostriatal LTP. These observations identify increased ATP release and ATP-derived formation of extracellular adenosine bolstering A2AR activation as a key pathway responsible for abnormal synaptic plasticity in circuits involved in the onset of PD motor symptoms. The translation of these findings to humans prompts extending the use of A2AR antagonists from only co-adjuvants of motor control in Parkinsonian patients to neuroprotective drugs delaying the onset of motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipe C. Matheus
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Henrique B. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana I. Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J. Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Oses
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António C. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui D. Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Ângelo R. Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Kruyer A, Kalivas PW, Scofield MD. Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:21-36. [PMID: 35577914 PMCID: PMC9700696 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, the field of neuroscience has evolved toward recognizing the critical role of astroglia in shaping neuronal synaptic activity and along with the pre- and postsynapse is now considered an equal partner in tripartite synaptic transmission and plasticity. The relative youth of this recognition and a corresponding deficit in reagents and technologies for quantifying and manipulating astroglia relative to neurons continues to hamper advances in understanding tripartite synaptic physiology. Nonetheless, substantial advances have been made and are reviewed herein. We review the role of astroglia in synaptic function and regulation of behavior with an eye on how tripartite synapses figure into brain pathologies underlying behavioral impairments in psychiatric disorders, both from the perspective of measures in postmortem human brains and more subtle influences on tripartite synaptic regulation of behavior in animal models of psychiatric symptoms. Our goal is to provide the reader a well-referenced state-of-the-art understanding of current knowledge and predict what we may discover with deeper investigation of tripartite synapses using reagents and technologies not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Michael D Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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16
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Ma L, Day-Cooney J, Benavides OJ, Muniak MA, Qin M, Ding JB, Mao T, Zhong H. Locomotion activates PKA through dopamine and adenosine in striatal neurons. Nature 2022; 611:762-768. [PMID: 36352228 PMCID: PMC10752255 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The canonical model of striatal function predicts that animal locomotion is associated with the opposing regulation of protein kinase A (PKA) in direct and indirect pathway striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) by dopamine1-7. However, the precise dynamics of PKA in dorsolateral SPNs during locomotion remain to be determined. It is also unclear whether other neuromodulators are involved. Here we show that PKA activity in both types of SPNs is essential for normal locomotion. Using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging8-10 of a PKA sensor10 through gradient index lenses, we measured PKA activity within individual SPNs of the mouse dorsolateral striatum during locomotion. Consistent with the canonical view, dopamine activated PKA activity in direct pathway SPNs during locomotion through the dopamine D1 receptor. However, indirect pathway SPNs exhibited a greater increase in PKA activity, which was largely abolished through the blockade of adenosine A2A receptors. In agreement with these results, fibre photometry measurements of an adenosine sensor11 revealed an acute increase in extracellular adenosine during locomotion. Functionally, antagonism of dopamine or adenosine receptors resulted in distinct changes in SPN PKA activity, neuronal activity and locomotion. Together, our results suggest that acute adenosine accumulation interplays with dopamine release to orchestrate PKA activity in SPNs and proper striatal function during animal locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julian Day-Cooney
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Omar Jáidar Benavides
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Muniak
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maozhen Qin
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jun B Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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17
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Caniceiro AB, Bueschbell B, Schiedel AC, Moreira IS. Class A and C GPCR Dimers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2081-2141. [PMID: 35339177 PMCID: PMC9886835 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327221830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect over 30 million people worldwide with an ascending trend. Most individuals suffering from these irreversible brain damages belong to the elderly population, with onset between 50 and 60 years. Although the pathophysiology of such diseases is partially known, it remains unclear upon which point a disease turns degenerative. Moreover, current therapeutics can treat some of the symptoms but often have severe side effects and become less effective in long-term treatment. For many neurodegenerative diseases, the involvement of G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs), which are key players of neuronal transmission and plasticity, has become clearer and holds great promise in elucidating their biological mechanism. With this review, we introduce and summarize class A and class C GPCRs, known to form heterodimers or oligomers to increase their signalling repertoire. Additionally, the examples discussed here were shown to display relevant alterations in brain signalling and had already been associated with the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, we classified the heterodimers into two categories of crosstalk, positive or negative, for which there is known evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Caniceiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; ,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,Address correspondence to this author at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; E-mail:
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18
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Onimus O, Valjent E, Fisone G, Gangarossa G. Haloperidol-Induced Immediate Early Genes in Striatopallidal Neurons Requires the Converging Action of cAMP/PKA/DARPP-32 and mTOR Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911637. [PMID: 36232936 PMCID: PMC9569967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics share the common pharmacological feature of antagonizing the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R), which is abundant in the striatum and involved in both the therapeutic and side effects of this drug’s class. The pharmacological blockade of striatal D2R, by disinhibiting the D2R-containing medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), leads to a plethora of molecular, cellular and behavioral adaptations, which are central in the action of antipsychotics. Here, we focused on the cell type-specific (D2R-MSNs) regulation of some striatal immediate early genes (IEGs), such as cFos, Arc and Zif268. Taking advantage of transgenic mouse models, pharmacological approaches and immunofluorescence analyses, we found that haloperidol-induced IEGs in the striatum required the synergistic activation of A2a (adenosine) and NMDA (glutamate) receptors. At the intracellular signaling level, we found that the PKA/DARPP-32 and mTOR pathways synergistically cooperate to control the induction of IEGs by haloperidol. By confirming and further expanding previous observations, our results provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the molecular/cellular action of antipsychotics in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Onimus
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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19
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Barodia SK, Sophronea T, Luthra PM. A 2A R mediated modulation in IP 3 levels altering the [Ca 2+] i through cAMP-dependent PKA signalling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130242. [PMID: 36084905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of A2A receptors (A2A R) coupled to Gs/olf protein activates Adenylyl cyclase (AC) leading to the release of cAMP which activates the cAMP-dependent PKA phosphorylation. The possible role of A2A R in the modulation of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) involving IP3, cAMP and PKA was investigated in HEK 293-A2A R. The levels of IP3 and cAMP were observed by enzyme immunoassay detection method and [Ca2+]i using Fluo-4 AM. Moreover, cAMP-dependent PKA was determined using the PKA Colorimetric Activity Kit. We observed that the cells pre-treated with A2A R agonist NECA showed increased levels of cAMP, PKA, IP3 and [Ca2+]i levels. However, the reverse effect was observed with A2A R antagonists (ZM241385 and caffeine). Blocking the Gαq/PLC/DAG/IP3 pathway with neomycin, a PLC inhibitor did not affect the modulation of IP3 and [Ca2+]i levels in HEK 293-A2A R cells. To investigate the Gαi/AC/cAMP/PKA, HEK 293-A2A R cells pre-treated with pertussis toxin followed by forskolin in the presence of A2A R agonist (NECA) showed no effect on cAMP levels. Further, Gαs/AC/cAMP/PKA pathway was investigated to elucidate the role of cAMP-dependent PKA in IP3 mediated [Ca2+]i modulation. In the HEK 293-A2A R cells pre-treated with PKA inhibitor KT5720 and treated with NECA led to inhibit the IP3 and [Ca2+]i levels. The study distinctly demonstrated that A2A R modulates IP3 levels to release the [Ca2+]i via cAMP-dependent PKA. The role of A2A R mediated Gαs pathway inducing IP3 mediated [Ca2+]i release may open new avenues in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Barodia
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, North Campus, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Tuithung Sophronea
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, North Campus, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pratibha Mehta Luthra
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, North Campus, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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20
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Emmi A, Antonini A, Sandre M, Baldo A, Contran M, Macchi V, Guidolin D, Porzionato A, De Caro R. Topography and distribution of adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors in the human Subthalamic Nucleus. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:945574. [PMID: 36017181 PMCID: PMC9396224 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.945574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is a diencephalic lens-shaped structure located ventrally to the thalamus and functionally implicated in the basal ganglia circuits. Despite recent efforts to characterize the neurochemical and functional anatomy of the STh, little to no information is available concerning the expression and distribution of receptors belonging to the dopaminergic and purinergic system in the human STh. Both systems are consistently implicated in basal ganglia physiology and pathology, especially in Parkinson’s Disease, and represent important targets for the pharmacological treatment of movement disorders. Here, we investigate the topography and distribution of A2A adenosine and D2 dopamine receptors in the human basal ganglia and subthalamic nucleus. Our findings indicate a peculiar topographical distribution of the two receptors throughout the subthalamic nucleus, while colocalization between the receptors opens the possibility for the presence of A2AR- D2R heterodimers within the dorsal and medial aspects of the structure. However, further investigation is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Emmi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Sandre
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Baldo
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Contran
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Porzionato,
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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21
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Nabirotchkin S, Bouaziz J, Glibert F, Mandel J, Foucquier J, Hajj R, Callizot N, Cholet N, Guedj M, Cohen D. Combinational Drug Repurposing from Genetic Networks Applied to Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1585-1603. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human diseases are multi-factorial biological phenomena resulting from perturbations of numerous functional networks. The complex nature of human diseases explains frequently observed marginal or transitory efficacy of mono-therapeutic interventions. For this reason, combination therapy is being increasingly evaluated as a biologically plausible strategy for reversing disease state, fostering the development of dedicated methodological and experimental approaches. In parallel, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a prominent opportunity for disclosing human-specific therapeutic targets and rational drug repurposing. Objective: In this context, our objective was to elaborate an integrated computational platform to accelerate discovery and experimental validation of synergistic combinations of repurposed drugs for treatment of common human diseases. Methods: The proposed approach combines adapted statistical analysis of GWAS data, pathway-based functional annotation of genetic findings using gene set enrichment technique, computational reconstruction of signaling networks enriched in disease-associated genes, selection of candidate repurposed drugs and proof-of-concept combinational experimental screening. Results: It enables robust identification of signaling pathways enriched in disease susceptibility loci. Therapeutic targeting of the disease-associated signaling networks provides a reliable way for rational drug repurposing and rapid development of synergistic drug combinations for common human diseases. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach with an experiment application to Alzheimer’s disease.
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22
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Isaacson SH, Betté S, Pahwa R. Istradefylline for OFF Episodes in Parkinson’s Disease: A US Perspective of Common Clinical Scenarios. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 12:97-109. [PMID: 35910426 PMCID: PMC9329678 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s245197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective management of OFF episodes remains an important unmet need for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who develop motor complications with long-term levodopa therapy. Istradefylline is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist for the treatment of patients with PD experiencing OFF episodes while on levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor. Originally approved in Japan, istradefylline was recently approved in the USA. In this article, we provide a specific review of the four clinical studies that the FDA included in the approval of istradefylline in the USA, and discuss common clinical scenarios, based on our experience, where treatment with istradefylline may benefit patients experiencing motor fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Isaacson
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Correspondence: Stuart H Isaacson, Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, 951 NW 13th Street, Bldg. 5-E, Boca Raton, FL, 33486, USA, Tel +1 561-392-1818, Fax +1 561-392-8989, Email
| | - Sagari Betté
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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23
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Claff T, Klapschinski TA, Tiruttani Subhramanyam UK, Vaaßen VJ, Schlegel JG, Vielmuth C, Voß JH, Labahn J, Müller CE. Single Stabilizing Point Mutation Enables High-Resolution Co-Crystal Structures of the Adenosine A 2A Receptor with Preladenant Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115545. [PMID: 35174942 PMCID: PMC9310709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled adenosine A2A receptor (A2A AR) is an important new (potential) drug target in immuno-oncology, and for neurodegenerative diseases. Preladenant and its derivatives belong to the most potent A2A AR antagonists displaying exceptional selectivity. While crystal structures of the human A2A AR have been solved, mostly using the A2A -StaR2 protein that bears 9 point mutations, co-crystallization with Preladenant derivatives has so far been elusive. We developed a new A2A AR construct harboring a single point mutation (S913.39 K) which renders it extremely thermostable. This allowed the co-crystallization of two novel Preladenant derivatives, the polyethylene glycol-conjugated (PEGylated) PSB-2113, and the fluorophore-labeled PSB-2115. The obtained crystal structures (2.25 Å and 2.6 Å resolution) provide explanations for the high potency and selectivity of Preladenant derivatives. They represent the first crystal structures of a GPCR in complex with PEG- and fluorophore-conjugated ligands. The applied strategy is predicted to be applicable to further class A GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Claff
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim A Klapschinski
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udaya K Tiruttani Subhramanyam
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems (IBI-7), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Victoria J Vaaßen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan G Schlegel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan H Voß
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Labahn
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems (IBI-7), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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Arjunan A, Sah DK, Jung YD, Song J. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Melatonin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050837. [PMID: 35624703 PMCID: PMC9137547 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe metabolic syndrome linked with acute/chronic hepatic disorders. HE is also a pernicious neuropsychiatric complication associated with cognitive decline, coma, and death. Limited therapies are available to treat HE, which is formidable to oversee in the clinic. Thus, determining a novel therapeutic approach is essential. The pathogenesis of HE has not been well established. According to various scientific reports, neuropathological symptoms arise due to excessive accumulation of ammonia, which is transported to the brain via the blood–brain barrier (BBB), triggering oxidative stress and inflammation, and disturbing neuronal-glial functions. The treatment of HE involves eliminating hyperammonemia by enhancing the ammonia scavenging mechanism in systemic blood circulation. Melatonin is the sole endogenous hormone linked with HE. Melatonin as a neurohormone is a potent antioxidant that is primarily synthesized and released by the brain’s pineal gland. Several HE and liver cirrhosis clinical studies have demonstrated impaired synthesis, secretion of melatonin, and circadian patterns. Melatonin can cross the BBB and is involved in various neuroprotective actions on the HE brain. Hence, we aim to elucidate how HE impairs brain functions, and elucidate the precise molecular mechanism of melatonin that reverses the HE effects on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Arjunan
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.D.J.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2706 (J.S.)
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.D.J.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2706 (J.S.)
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25
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Inosine attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rats via the activation of the A2AR/BDNF/TrKB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2022; 300:120569. [PMID: 35472453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by involuntary bizarre movements, psychiatric symptoms, dementia, and early death. Several studies suggested neuroprotective activities of inosine; however its role in HD is yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of inosine in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurotoxicity in rats while investigating possible underlying mechanisms. Rats were randomly divided into five groups; group 1 received i.p. injections of 1% DMSO, whereas groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days, concomitantly with inosine (200 mg/kg., i.p.) in groups 3, 4, and 5, SCH58261, a selective adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist, (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) in group 4, and PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) in group 5. Treatment with inosine mitigated 3-NP-induced motor abnormalities and body weight loss. Moreover, inosine boosted the striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, p-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrKB), p-ERK, and p-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression, which subsequently suppressed oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β) and replenished the glutathione content. Similarly, histopathological analyses revealed decreased striatal injury score, the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuronal loss after inosine treatment. These effects were attenuated by the pre-administration of SCH58261 or PD98059. In conclusion, inosine attenuated 3-NP-induced HD-like symptoms in rats, at least in part, via the activation of the A2AR/BDNF/TrKB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.
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26
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The Pharmacological Potential of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists for Treating Parkinson's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072366. [PMID: 35408767 PMCID: PMC9000505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor subtype is recognized as a non-dopaminergic pharmacological target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, notably Parkinson’s disease (PD). The selective A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline is approved in the US and Japan as an adjunctive treatment to levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitors in adults with PD experiencing OFF episodes or a wearing-off phenomenon; however, the full potential of this drug class remains to be explored. In this article, we review the pharmacology of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists from the perspective of the treatment of both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD and their potential for disease modification.
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27
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IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Müller CE, Cronstein BN, Cunha RA. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXII: Adenosine Receptors: A Further Update. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:340-372. [PMID: 35302044 PMCID: PMC8973513 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors (2011) contained a number of emerging developments with respect to this G protein-coupled receptor subfamily, including protein structure, protein oligomerization, protein diversity, and allosteric modulation by small molecules. Since then, a wealth of new data and results has been added, allowing us to explore novel concepts such as target binding kinetics and biased signaling of adenosine receptors, to examine a multitude of receptor structures and novel ligands, to gauge new pharmacology, and to evaluate clinical trials with adenosine receptor ligands. This review should therefore be considered a further update of our previous reports from 2001 and 2011. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adenosine receptors (ARs) are of continuing interest for future treatment of chronic and acute disease conditions, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative afflictions, and cancer. The design of AR agonists ("biased" or not) and antagonists is largely structure based now, thanks to the tremendous progress in AR structural biology. The A2A- and A2BAR appear to modulate the immune response in tumor biology. Many clinical trials for this indication are ongoing, whereas an A2AAR antagonist (istradefylline) has been approved as an anti-Parkinson agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan P IJzerman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Christa E Müller
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
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28
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Claff T, Klapschinski TA, Tiruttani Subhramanyam UK, Vaaßen VJ, Schlegel JG, Vielmuth C, Voß JH, Labahn J, Müller CE. Eine einzige stabilisierende Punktmutation ermöglicht hochaufgelöste Co‐Kristallstrukturen des Adenosin‐A
2A
‐Rezeptors mit Preladenant‐Konjugaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Claff
- Pharmaceutical Institute Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Tim A. Klapschinski
- Pharmaceutical Institute Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Udaya K. Tiruttani Subhramanyam
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
- Research Centre Jülich Institute of Complex Systems (IBI-7) Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Victoria J. Vaaßen
- Pharmaceutical Institute Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jonathan G. Schlegel
- Pharmaceutical Institute Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmaceutical Institute Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jan H. Voß
- Pharmaceutical Institute Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jörg Labahn
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
- Research Centre Jülich Institute of Complex Systems (IBI-7) Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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29
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Hatano T, Kano O, Sengoku R, Yoritaka A, Suzuki K, Nishikawa N, Mukai Y, Nomura K, Yoshida N, Seki M, Matsukawa MK, Terashi H, Kimura K, Tashiro J, Hirano S, Murakami H, Joki H, Uchiyama T, Shimura H, Ogaki K, Fukae J, Tsuboi Y, Takahashi K, Yamamoto T, Yanagisawa N, Nagayama H. Evaluating the impact of adjunctive istradefylline on the cumulative dose of levodopa-containing medications in Parkinson's disease: study protocol for the ISTRA ADJUST PD randomized, controlled study. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:71. [PMID: 35241003 PMCID: PMC8892732 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levodopa remains the most effective symptomatic treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) more than 50 years after its clinical introduction. However, the onset of motor complications can limit pharmacological intervention with levodopa, which can be a challenge when treating PD patients. Clinical data suggest using the lowest possible levodopa dose to balance the risk/benefit. Istradefylline, an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist indicated as an adjunctive treatment to levodopa-containing preparations in PD patients experiencing wearing off, is currently available in Japan and the US. Preclinical and preliminary clinical data suggested that adjunctive istradefylline may provide sustained antiparkinsonian benefits without a levodopa dose increase; however, available data on the impact of istradefylline on levodopa dose titration are limited. The ISTRA ADJUST PD study will evaluate the effect of adjunctive istradefylline on levodopa dosage titration in PD patients. Methods This 37-week, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group controlled study in PD patients aged 30–84 years who are experiencing the wearing-off phenomenon despite receiving levodopa-containing medications ≥ 3 times daily (daily dose 300–400 mg) began in February 2019 and will continue until February 2022. Enrollment is planned to attain 100 evaluable patients for the efficacy analyses. Patients will receive adjunctive istradefylline (20 mg/day, increasing to 40 mg/day) or the control in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by age, levodopa equivalent dose, and presence/absence of dyskinesia. During the study, the levodopa dose will be increased according to symptom severity. The primary study endpoint is the comparison of the cumulative additional dose of levodopa-containing medications during the treatment period between the adjunctive istradefylline and control groups. Secondary endpoints include changes in efficacy rating scales and safety outcomes. Discussion This study aims to clarify whether adjunctive istradefylline can reduce the cumulative additional dose of levodopa-containing medications in PD patients experiencing the wearing-off phenomenon, and lower the risk of levodopa-associated complications. It is anticipated that data from ISTRA ADJUST PD will help inform future clinical decision-making for patients with PD in the real-world setting. Trial registration Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, jRCTs031180248; registered 12 March 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Osamu Kano
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Renpei Sengoku
- Department of Neurology, Jikei University Daisan Hospital, 4-11-1 Izumihoncho, Komae, Tokyo, 201-0003, Japan
| | - Asako Yoritaka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-0032, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, 880 Oaza Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yohei Mukai
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Nomura
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Norihito Yoshida
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Morinobu Seki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Kawabe Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroo Terashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Katsuo Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Jun Tashiro
- Sapporo Parkinson MS Neurological Clinic, Dai 27 Big Sapporo-kita Sky Building 12F, 7-6 Kita-7 jo Nishi-5 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, 060-0807, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Murakami
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University Hospital, 3-19-18 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Hideto Joki
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Neurology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Hideki Shimura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Jiro Fukae
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, 3-1-10 Takano-dai, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 177-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazushi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Musashidai 2-6-1, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-0042, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Naotake Yanagisawa
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University and Juntendo Clinical Research and Trial Center, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagayama
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
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30
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Mao LM, Demehri S, Wang JQ. Upregulation of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases in the Rat Striatum by Adenosine A 2A Receptors. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:802-811. [PMID: 35041190 PMCID: PMC8986616 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors are Golf-coupled receptors and are predominantly expressed in the striatum of mammalian brains. As a mostly postsynaptic receptor, A2A receptors are implicated in the regulation of a variety of intracellular signaling pathways in striatopallidal output neurons and are linked to the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. This study investigated the possible role of A2A receptors in the modulation of the Src family kinase (SFK) in the adult rat striatum. In acutely prepared striatal slices, adding the A2A receptor agonist PSB-0777 induced a significant increase in phosphorylation of SFKs at a conserved autophosphorylation site (Y416) in the caudate putamen (CPu). This increase was also seen in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Another A2A agonist CGS-21680 showed the similar ability to elevate SFK Y416 phosphorylation in the striatum. Treatment with the A2A receptor antagonist KW-6002 blocked the effect of PSB-0777 on SFK Y416 phosphorylation. In addition, PSB-0777 enhanced kinase activity of two key SFK members (Src and Fyn) immunoprecipitated from the striatum. These data demonstrate a positive linkage from A2A receptors to the SFK signaling pathway in striatal neurons. Activation of A2A receptors leads to the upregulation of phosphorylation of SFKs (Src and Fyn) at an activation-associated autophosphorylation site and kinase activity of these SFK members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Shannon Demehri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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Yemula N, Dietrich C, Dostal V, Hornberger M. Parkinson's Disease and the Gut: Symptoms, Nutrition, and Microbiota. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:1491-1505. [PMID: 34250955 PMCID: PMC8609682 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, characterized by symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and tremor. Recently, there has been a growing focus on the relationship between the gut and the development of PD. Emerging to the forefront, an interesting concept has developed suggesting that the initial pathophysiological changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract before changes are seen within the brain. This review is aimed at highlighting the relationship between PD and the gastrointestinal tract, along with the supporting evidence for this. Firstly, we will focus on the gastrointestinal conditions and symptoms which commonly affects patients, including both upper and lower gastrointestinal issues. Secondly, the impact of nutrition and diet on neurological health and PD physiology, with particular emphasis on commonly consumed items including macronutrients and micronutrients. Finally, variability of the gut microbiome will also be discussed and its link with both the symptoms and signs of PD. The evidence presented in this review highly suggests that the initial pathogenesis in the gut may proceed the development of prodromal PD subtypes, and therefore building on this further could be imperative and lead to earlier diagnosis with new and improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Yemula
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Celina Dietrich
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Vaclav Dostal
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Kosmowska B, Wardas J. The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Essential Tremor: The Role of Adenosine and Dopamine Receptors in Animal Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1813. [PMID: 34944457 PMCID: PMC8698799 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological disorders that often affects people in the prime of their lives, leading to a significant reduction in their quality of life, gradually making them unable to independently perform the simplest activities. Here we show that current ET pharmacotherapy often does not sufficiently alleviate disease symptoms and is completely ineffective in more than 30% of patients. At present, deep brain stimulation of the motor thalamus is the most effective ET treatment. However, like any brain surgery, it can cause many undesirable side effects; thus, it is only performed in patients with an advanced disease who are not responsive to drugs. Therefore, it seems extremely important to look for new strategies for treating ET. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the pathomechanism of ET based on studies in animal models of the disease, as well as to present and discuss the results of research available to date on various substances affecting dopamine (mainly D3) or adenosine A1 receptors, which, due to their ability to modulate harmaline-induced tremor, may provide the basis for the development of new potential therapies for ET in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jadwiga Wardas
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
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Jacquet T, Poulin-Charronnat B, Bard P, Perra J, Lepers R. Physical Activity and Music to Counteract Mental Fatigue. Neuroscience 2021; 478:75-88. [PMID: 34601062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mental fatigue impairs both cognitive and physical performance. Bioactive substances (e.g., caffeine) have been used to counteract mental fatigue but could have side effects. The present study aimed to test two non-bioactive strategies to counteract mental fatigue: physical activity and listening to music. The participants first performed an arm-pointing task, then carried out a 32-min cognitively demanding task to induce mental fatigue (TLDB task), followed by another arm-pointing task at the end of the experiment. Between the end of the cognitively demanding task and the last arm-pointing task, 20 min went during which participants performed either 15 min of physical activity, of listening to music or of discussion (control). The subjective feeling of mental fatigue was assessed before each arm-pointing task and after the cognitively demanding task. For "physical activity" and "listening to music" groups, EEG was recorded at rest after each evaluation of subjective feeling of mental fatigue and during the cognitively demanding task. An increase in alpha power during the cognitively demanding task evidenced the presence of mental fatigue, without recovery during the following 20-min period. In the control condition, the arm-pointing task performance was deteriorated 20-min after the cognitively demanding task, while it remained stable after both physical activity and listening to music. Furthermore, recovery on the subjective feeling of mental fatigue was similar for both groups. The present results suggested that practicing physical activity and listening to music could be efficient strategies to counteract the negative effects of mental fatigue on motor performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jacquet
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France; CAPS, INSERM U1093, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculty of Sport Sciences, BP 27877 UFR STAPS, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Bard
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Joris Perra
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Romuald Lepers
- CAPS, INSERM U1093, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculty of Sport Sciences, BP 27877 UFR STAPS, 21000 Dijon, France
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Borgus JR, Wang Y, DiScenza DJ, Venton BJ. Spontaneous Adenosine and Dopamine Cotransmission in the Caudate-Putamen Is Regulated by Adenosine Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4371-4379. [PMID: 34783243 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient changes in adenosine and dopamine have been measured in vivo, but no studies have examined if these transient changes occur simultaneously. In this study, we characterized spontaneous adenosine and dopamine transients in anesthetized mice, examining coincident release in the caudate-putamen for the first time. We found that in C57B mice, most of the dopamine transients (77%) were coincident with adenosine, but fewer adenosine transients (12%) were coincident with a dopamine transient. On average, the dopamine transient started 200 ms before its coincident adenosine transient, so they occurred concurrently. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.7292) of adenosine and dopamine concentrations during coincident release. ATP is quickly broken down to adenosine in the extracellular space, and the coincident events may be due to corelease, where dopaminergic vesicles are packaged with ATP, or cotransmission, where ATP is packaged in different vesicles released simultaneously with dopamine. The high frequency of adenosine transients compared to that of dopamine transients suggests that adenosine is also released from nondopaminergic vesicles. We investigated how A1 and A2A adenosine receptors regulate adenosine and dopamine transients using A1 and A2AKO mice. In A1KO mice, the frequency of adenosine and dopamine transients increased, while in A2AKO mice, the frequency of adenosine alone increased. Adenosine receptors modulate coincident transients and could be drug targets to modulate both dopamine and adenosine release. Many spontaneous dopamine transients have coincident adenosine release, and regulating adenosine and dopamine cotransmission could be important for designing treatments for dopamine diseases, such as Parkinson's or addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Borgus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Dana J. DiScenza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
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How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A 2A Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081027. [PMID: 34440231 PMCID: PMC8392384 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is extensively distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays a key role as a neuromodulator. It has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and there is now growing interest in its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The motor neurons affected in ALS are responsive to adenosine receptor function, and there is accumulating evidence for beneficial effects of adenosine A2A receptor antagonism. In this article, we focus on recent evidence from ALS clinical pathology and animal models that support dynamism of the adenosinergic system (including changes in adenosine levels and receptor changes) in ALS. We review the possible mechanisms of chronic neurodegeneration via the adenosinergic system, potential biomarkers and the acute symptomatic pharmacology, including respiratory motor neuron control, of A2A receptor antagonism to explore the potential of the A2A receptor as target for ALS therapy.
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Abstract
Drug addiction is responsible for millions of deaths per year around the world. Still, its management as a chronic disease is shadowed by misconceptions from the general public. Indeed, drug consumers are often labelled as "weak", "immoral" or "depraved". Consequently, drug addiction is often perceived as an individual problem and not societal. In technical terms, drug addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disease resulting from sustained effects of drugs on the brain. Through a better characterisation of the cerebral circuits involved, and the long-term modifications of the brain induced by addictive drugs administrations, first, we might be able to change the way the general public see the patient who is suffering from drug addiction, and second, we might be able to find new treatments to normalise the altered brain homeostasis. In this review, we synthetise the contribution of fundamental research to the understanding drug addiction and its contribution to potential novel therapeutics. Mostly based on drug-induced modifications of synaptic plasticity and epigenetic mechanisms (and their behavioural correlates) and after demonstration of their reversibility, we tried to highlight promising therapeutics. We also underline the specific temporal dynamics and psychosocial aspects of this complex psychiatric disease adding parameters to be considered in clinical trials and paving the way to test new therapeutic venues.
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Hagenow S, Affini A, Pioli EY, Hinz S, Zhao Y, Porras G, Namasivayam V, Müller CE, Lin JS, Bezard E, Stark H. Adenosine A 2AR/A 1R Antagonists Enabling Additional H 3R Antagonism for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8246-8262. [PMID: 34107215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A1/A2A receptors (A1R/A2AR) represent targets in nondopaminergic treatment of motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). As an innovative strategy, multitargeting ligands (MTLs) were developed to achieve comprehensive PD therapies simultaneously addressing comorbid symptoms such as sleep disruption. Recognizing the wake-promoting capacity of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists in combination with the "caffeine-like effects" of A1R/A2AR antagonists, we designed A1R/A2AR/H3R MTLs, where a piperidino-/pyrrolidino(propyloxy)phenyl H3R pharmacophore was introduced with overlap into an adenosine antagonist arylindenopyrimidine core. These MTLs showed distinct receptor binding profiles with overall nanomolar H3R affinities (Ki < 55 nM). Compound 4 (ST-2001, Ki (A1R) = 11.5 nM, Ki (A2AR) = 7.25 nM) and 12 (ST-1992, Ki (A1R) = 11.2 nM, Ki (A2AR) = 4.01 nM) were evaluated in vivo. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia was improved after administration of compound 4 (1 mg kg-1, i.p. rats). Compound 12 (2 mg kg-1, p.o. mice) increased wakefulness representing novel pharmacological tools for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hagenow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Affini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elsa Y Pioli
- Motac Neuroscience Limited, SK10 4TF Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Street 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM UI028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard University, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
| | | | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM UI028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard University, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Motac Neuroscience Limited, SK10 4TF Macclesfield, U.K
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Moreira-de-Sá A, Gonçalves FQ, Lopes JP, Silva HB, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA, Canas PM. Motor Deficits Coupled to Cerebellar and Striatal Alterations in Ube3a m-/p+ Mice Modelling Angelman Syndrome Are Attenuated by Adenosine A 2A Receptor Blockade. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2543-2557. [PMID: 33464534 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder involving ataxia and motor dysfunction, resulting from the absence of the maternally inherited functional Ube3a protein in neurons. Since adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) blockade relieves synaptic and motor impairments in Parkinson's or Machado-Joseph's diseases, we now tested if A2AR blockade was also effective in attenuating motor deficits in an AS (Ube3am-/p+) mouse model and if this involved correction of synaptic alterations in striatum and cerebellum. Chronic administration of the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg/day, ip) promoted motor learning of AS mice in the accelerating-rotarod task and rescued the grip strength impairment of AS animals. These motor impairments were accompanied by synaptic alterations in cerebellum and striatum typified by upregulation of synaptophysin and vesicular GABA transporters (vGAT) in the cerebellum of AS mice along with a downregulation of vGAT, vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1) and the dopamine active transporter in AS striatum. Notably, A2AR blockade prevented the synaptic alterations found in AS mice cerebellum as well as the downregulation of striatal vGAT and vGLUT1. This provides the first indications that A2AR blockade may counteract the characteristic motor impairments and synaptic changes of AS, although more studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moreira-de-Sá
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine Building-Polo 1, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine Building-Polo 1, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João P Lopes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine Building-Polo 1, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine Building-Polo 1, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine Building-Polo 1, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine Building-Polo 1, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine Building-Polo 1, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Cheong RY, Baldo B, Sajjad MU, Kirik D, Petersén Å. Effects of mutant huntingtin inactivation on Huntington disease-related behaviours in the BACHD mouse model. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:564-578. [PMID: 33330988 PMCID: PMC8247873 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no disease-modifying treatments approved so far. Ongoing clinical trials are attempting to reduce huntingtin (HTT) expression in the central nervous system (CNS) using different strategies. Yet, the distribution and timing of HTT-lowering therapies required for a beneficial clinical effect is less clear. Here, we investigated whether HD-related behaviours could be prevented by inactivating mutant HTT at different disease stages and to varying degrees in an experimental model. METHODS We generated mutant BACHD mice with either a widespread or circuit-specific inactivation of mutant HTT by using Cre recombinase (Cre) under the nestin promoter or the adenosine A2A receptor promoter respectively. We also simulated a clinical gene therapy scenario with allele-specific HTT targeting by injections of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors expressing Cre into the striatum of adult BACHD mice. All mice were assessed using behavioural tests to investigate motor, metabolic and psychiatric outcome measures at 4-6 months of age. RESULTS While motor deficits, body weight changes, anxiety and depressive-like behaviours are present in BACHD mice, early widespread CNS inactivation during development significantly improves rotarod performance, body weight changes and depressive-like behaviour. However, conditional circuit-wide mutant HTT deletion from the indirect striatal pathway during development and focal striatal-specific deletion in adulthood failed to rescue any of the HD-related behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that widespread targeting and the timing of interventions aimed at reducing mutant HTT are important factors to consider when developing disease-modifying therapies for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y. Cheong
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research UnitDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Barbara Baldo
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research UnitDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Present address:
Evotec SEHD Research and Translational SciencesHamburgGermany
| | - Muhammad U. Sajjad
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research UnitDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Deniz Kirik
- Brain Repair and Imaging in Neural Systems UnitDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Åsa Petersén
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research UnitDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
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Atif M, Alsrhani A, Naz F, Imran M, Imran M, Ullah MI, Alameen AAM, Gondal TA, Raza Q. Targeting Adenosine Receptors in Neurological Diseases. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:57-72. [PMID: 33861641 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine plays a significant role in neurotransmission process by controlling the blood pressure, while adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts as a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter and by activation of P2 receptors, regulates the contractility of the heart. Adenosine signaling is essential in the process of regeneration by regulating proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of stem cells. In this review, we have selected neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy) with clinical trials using antagonists and epigenetic tools targeting adenosine receptor as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of these disorders. Promising results have been reported from many clinical trials. It has been found that higher expression levels of A2A and P2X7 receptors in neurological disorders further complicate the disease condition. Therefore, modulations of these receptors by using antagonists of these receptors or SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) therapy as an epigenetic tool could be useful in reversing the complications of these disorders. Finally, we suggest that modulation of adenosine receptors in neurological disorders can increase the regenerative phase by increasing the rate of proliferation and differentiation in the damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhmmad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farrah Naz
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A M Alameen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Tanweer Aslam Gondal
- School of Exercise and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qaisar Raza
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, NUR International University, Lahore, Pakistan
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D’Angelo V, Giorgi M, Paldino E, Cardarelli S, Fusco FR, Saverioni I, Sorge R, Martella G, Biagioni S, Mercuri NB, Pisani A, Sancesario G. A2A Receptor Dysregulation in Dystonia DYT1 Knock-Out Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2691. [PMID: 33799994 PMCID: PMC7962104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate A2A receptors in the basal ganglia of a DYT1 mouse model of dystonia. A2A was studied in control Tor1a+/+ and Tor1a+/- knock-out mice. A2A expression was assessed by anti-A2A antibody immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The co-localization of A2A was studied in striatal cholinergic interneurons identified by anti-choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT) antibody. A2A mRNA and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) contents were also assessed. In Tor1a+/+, Western blotting detected an A2A 45 kDa band, which was stronger in the striatum and the globus pallidus than in the entopeduncular nucleus. Moreover, in Tor1a+/+, immunofluorescence showed A2A roundish aggregates, 0.3-0.4 μm in diameter, denser in the neuropil of the striatum and the globus pallidus than in the entopeduncular nucleus. In Tor1a+/-, A2A Western blotting expression and immunofluorescence aggregates appeared either increased in the striatum and the globus pallidus, or reduced in the entopeduncular nucleus. Moreover, in Tor1a+/-, A2A aggregates appeared increased in number on ChAT positive interneurons compared to Tor1a+/+. Finally, in Tor1a+/-, an increased content of cAMP signal was detected in the striatum, while significant levels of A2A mRNA were neo-expressed in the globus pallidus. In Tor1a+/-, opposite changes of A2A receptors' expression in the striatal-pallidal complex and the entopeduncular nucleus suggest that the pathophysiology of dystonia is critically dependent on a composite functional imbalance of the indirect over the direct pathway in basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza D’Angelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.C.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Emanuela Paldino
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.F.)
| | - Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.C.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Ilaria Saverioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.C.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Roberto Sorge
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.F.)
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.C.); (I.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Antonio Pisani
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancesario
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (R.S.); (G.M.); (N.B.M.)
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Lai TH, Schröder S, Toussaint M, Dukić-Stefanović S, Kranz M, Ludwig FA, Fischer S, Steinbach J, Deuther-Conrad W, Brust P, Moldovan RP. Development of 18F-Labeled Radiotracers for PET Imaging of the Adenosine A 2A Receptor: Synthesis, Radiolabeling and Preliminary Biological Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052285. [PMID: 33669003 PMCID: PMC7956753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) represents a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Aiming at the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer to monitor changes of receptor density and/or occupancy during the A2AR-tailored therapy, we designed a library of fluorinated analogs based on a recently published lead compound (PPY). Among those, the highly affine 4-fluorobenzyl derivate (PPY1; Ki(hA2AR) = 5.3 nM) and the 2-fluorobenzyl derivate (PPY2; Ki(hA2AR) = 2.1 nM) were chosen for 18F-labeling via an alcohol-enhanced copper-mediated procedure starting from the corresponding boronic acid pinacol ester precursors. Investigations of the metabolic stability of [18F]PPY1 and [18F]PPY2 in CD-1 mice by radio-HPLC analysis revealed parent fractions of more than 76% of total activity in the brain. Specific binding of [18F]PPY2 on mice brain slices was demonstrated by in vitro autoradiography. In vivo PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in CD-1 mice revealed a reasonable high initial brain uptake for both radiotracers, followed by a fast clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Hang Lai
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Dresden 01328, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.H.L.); (R.-P.M.); Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4635 (T.H.L.); +49-341-234-179-4634 (R.-P.M.)
| | - Susann Schröder
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Dresden 01328, Germany;
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), 9009 Tromsø, Norway
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, The Arctic University of Norway, 9009 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Steffen Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Dresden 01328, Germany;
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.L.); (R.-P.M.); Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4635 (T.H.L.); +49-341-234-179-4634 (R.-P.M.)
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Jenner P, Mori A, Aradi SD, Hauser RA. Istradefylline - a first generation adenosine A 2A antagonist for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:317-333. [PMID: 33507105 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1880896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It is now accepted that Parkinson's disease (PD) is not simply due to dopaminergic dysfunction, and there is interest in developing non-dopaminergic approaches to disease management. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists represent a new way forward in the symptomatic treatment of PD.Areas covered In this narrative review, we summarize the literature supporting the utility of adenosine A2A antagonists in PD with a specific focus on istradefylline, the most studied and only adenosine A2A antagonist currently in clinical use.Expert opinion: At this time, the use of istradefylline in the treatment of PD is limited to the management of motor fluctuations as supported by the results of randomized clinical trials and evaluation by Japanese and USA regulatory authorities. The relatively complicated clinical development of istradefylline was based on classically designed studies conducted in PD patients with motor fluctuations on an optimized regimen of levodopa plus adjunctive dopaminergic medications. In animal models, there is consensus that a more robust effect of istradefylline in improving motor function is produced when combined with low or threshold doses of levodopa rather than with high doses that produce maximal dopaminergic improvement. Exploration of istradefylline as a 'levodopa sparing' strategy in earlier PD would seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Akihisa Mori
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co Ltd, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen D Aradi
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert A Hauser
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors are involved on guanosine protective effects against oxidative burst and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 6-OHDA in striatal slices. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:247-254. [PMID: 33548045 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is the most used toxin in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 6-OHDA shows high affinity for the dopamine transporter and once inside the neuron, it accumulates and undergoes non-enzymatic auto-oxidation, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and selective damage of catecholaminergic neurons. In this way, our group has established a 6-OHDA in vitro protocol with rat striatal slices as a rapid and effective model for screening of new drugs with protective effects against PD. We have shown that co-incubation with guanosine (GUO, 100 μM) prevented the 6-OHDA-induced damage in striatal slices. As the exact GUO mechanism of action remains unknown, the aim of this study was to investigate if adenosine A1 (A1R) and/or A2A receptors (A2AR) are involved on GUO protective effects on striatal slices. Pre-incubation with DPCPX, an A1R antagonist prevented guanosine effects on 6-OHDA-induced ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, while CCPA, an A1R agonist, did not alter GUO effects. Regarding A2AR, the antagonist SCH58261 had similar protective effect as GUO in ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, SCH58261 did not affect GUO protective effects. The A2AR agonist CGS21680, although, completely blocked GUO effects. Finally, the A1R antagonist DPCPX, and the A2AR agonist CGS21680 also abolished the preventive guanosine effect on 6-OHDA-induced ATP levels decrease. These results reinforce previous evidence for a putative interaction of GUO with A1R-A2AR heteromer as its molecular target and clearly indicate a dependence on adenosine receptors modulation to GUO protective effect.
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ADORA2A rs5760423 and CYP1A2 rs762551 Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030381. [PMID: 33498513 PMCID: PMC7864159 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second commonest neurodegenerative disease. The genetic basis of PD is indisputable. Both ADORA2A rs5760423 and CYP1A2 rs762551 have been linked to PD, to some extent, but the exact role of those polymorphisms in PD remains controversial. Objective: We assessed the role of ADORA2A rs5760423 and CYP1A2 rs762551 on PD risk. Methods: We genotyped 358 patients with PD and 358 healthy controls for ADORA2A rs5760423 and CYP1A2 rs762551. We also merged and meta-analyzed our data with data from previous studies, regarding these two polymorphisms and PD. Results: No significant association with PD was revealed (p > 0.05), for either ADORA2A rs5760423 or CYP1A2 rs762551, in any of the examined genetic model of inheritance. In addition, results from meta-analyses yield negative results. Conclusions: Based on our analyses, it appears rather unlikely that ADORA2A rs5760423 or CYP1A2 rs762551 is among the major risk factors for PD, at least in Greek patients with PD.
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Hámor PU, Gobin CM, Schwendt M. The role of glutamate mGlu5 and adenosine A2a receptor interactions in regulating working memory performance and persistent cocaine seeking in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 103:109979. [PMID: 32470496 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is associated with neurobehavioral deficits that are resistant to current treatments. While craving and high rates of relapse are prominent features of CUD, persistent cognitive impairments are common and linked to poorer treatment outcomes. Here we sought to develop an animal model to study post-cocaine changes in drug seeking and working memory, and to evaluate 'therapeutic' effects of combined glutamate mGlu5 and adenosine A2a receptor blockade. As mGlu5 antagonists reduce drug seeking, and A2a blockade ameliorates working memory impairment, we hypothesized that mGlu5 + A2a antagonist cocktail would reduce both cocaine relapse and post-cocaine working memory deficits. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were first trained and tested in an operant delayed match-to-sample (DMS) task to establish the working memory baseline, followed by 6 days of limited and 12 days of extended access cocaine self-administration. Chronic cocaine reduced working memory performance (abstinence day 30-40) and produced robust time-dependent cocaine seeking at 45-, but not 120-days of abstinence. Systemic administration of A2a antagonist KW-6002 (0.125 and 1 mg/kg) failed to rescue post-cocaine working memory deficit. It also failed to reverse working memory impairment produced by mGlu5 NAM MTEP (1 mg/kg). Finally, KW-6002 prevented the ability of MTEP to reduce cocaine seeking and increased locomotor behavior. Thus, despite mGlu5 and A2a being exclusively co-localized in the striatum and showing behavioral synergism towards reducing cocaine effects in some studies, our findings advocate against the use of mGlu5 + A2a antagonist cocktail as it may further compromise cognitive deficits and augment drug craving in CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter U Hámor
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, FL, USA; Center for Addiction Education and Research, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Christina M Gobin
- Center for Addiction Education and Research, University of Florida, FL, USA; Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, FL, USA; Center for Addiction Education and Research, University of Florida, FL, USA.
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Patricio F, Morales-Andrade AA, Patricio-Martínez A, Limón ID. Cannabidiol as a Therapeutic Target: Evidence of its Neuroprotective and Neuromodulatory Function in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:595635. [PMID: 33384602 PMCID: PMC7770114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.595635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. have, since ancient times, been proposed as a pharmacological alternative for treating various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Interestingly, cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are highly expressed in the basal ganglia (BG) circuit of both animals and humans. The BG are subcortical structures that regulate the initiation, execution, and orientation of movement. CBRs regulate dopaminergic transmission in the nigro-striatal pathway and, thus, the BG circuit also. The functioning of the BG is affected in pathologies related to movement disorders, especially those occurring in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which produces motor and non-motor symptoms that involving GABAergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic neural networks. To date, the most effective medication for PD is levodopa (l-DOPA); however, long-term levodopa treatment causes a type of long-term dyskinesias, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). With neuromodulation offering a novel treatment strategy for PD patients, research has focused on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), as it participates in the physiological neuromodulation of the BG in order to control movement. CBRs have been shown to inhibit neurotransmitter release, while endocannabinoids (eCBs) play a key role in the synaptic regulation of the BG. In the past decade, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has been shown to have compensatory effects both on the ECS and as a neuromodulator and neuroprotector in models such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and reserpine, as well as other PD models. Although the CBD-induced neuroprotection observed in animal models of PD has been attributed to the activation of the CB1 receptor, recent research conducted at a molecular level has proposed that CBD is capable of activating other receptors, such as CB2 and the TRPV-1 receptor, both of which are expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the nigro-striatal pathway. These findings open new lines of scientific inquiry into the effects of CBD at the level of neural communication. Cannabidiol activates the PPARγ, GPR55, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR18 receptors, causing a variety of biochemical, molecular, and behavioral effects due to the broad range of receptors it activates in the CNS. Given the low number of pharmacological treatment alternatives for PD currently available, the search for molecules with the therapeutic potential to improve neuronal communication is crucial. Therefore, the investigation of CBD and the mechanisms involved in its function is required in order to ascertain whether receptor activation could be a treatment alternative for both PD and LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Patricio
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alan Axel Morales-Andrade
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Glaser T, Andrejew R, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro DE, Bonfim Marques L, Ye Q, Ren WJ, Semyanov A, Illes P, Tang Y, Ulrich H. Purinergic Receptors in Basal Ganglia Diseases: Shared Molecular Mechanisms between Huntington's and Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1299-1314. [PMID: 33026587 PMCID: PMC7674528 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's (HD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the death of GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia leading to hyperkinetic and hypokinetic symptoms, respectively. We review here the participation of purinergic receptors through intracellular Ca2+ signaling in these neurodegenerative diseases. The adenosine A2A receptor stimulates striatopallidal GABAergic neurons, resulting in inhibitory actions on GABAergic neurons of the globus pallidus. A2A and dopamine D2 receptors form functional heteromeric complexes inducing allosteric inhibition, and A2A receptor activation results in motor inhibition. Furthermore, the A2A receptor physically and functionally interacts with glutamate receptors, mainly with the mGlu5 receptor subtype. This interaction facilitates glutamate release, resulting in NMDA glutamate receptor activation and an increase of Ca2+ influx. P2X7 receptor activation also promotes glutamate release and neuronal damage. Thus, modulation of purinergic receptor activity, such as A2A and P2X7 receptors, and subsequent aberrant Ca2+ signaling, might present interesting therapeutic potential for HD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bonfim Marques
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu, 610075, China
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Peter Illes
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purine Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu, 610075, China
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purine Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Chang Y, Wang Y, Venton BJ. A 1 and A 2A Receptors Modulate Spontaneous Adenosine but Not Mechanically Stimulated Adenosine in the Caudate. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3377-3385. [PMID: 32976713 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuromodulator, and rapid increases in adenosine in the brain occur spontaneously or after mechanical stimulation. However, the regulation of rapid adenosine by adenosine receptors is unclear, and understanding it would allow better manipulation of neuromodulation. The two main adenosine receptors in the brain are A1 receptors, which are inhibitory, and A2A receptors, which are excitatory. Here, we investigated the regulation of spontaneous adenosine and mechanically stimulated adenosine by adenosine receptors, using global A1 or A2A knockout mice. Results were compared in vivo and in brain slices' models. A1 KO mice have increased frequency of spontaneous adenosine events, but no change in the average concentration of an event, while A2A KO mice had no change in frequency but increased average event concentration. Thus, both A1 and A2A self-regulate spontaneous adenosine release; however, A1 acts on the frequency of events, while A2A receptors regulate concentration. The trends are similar both in vivo and slices, so brain slices are a good model system to study spontaneous adenosine release. For mechanically stimulated adenosine, there was no effect of A1 or A2A KO in vivo, but in brain slices, there was a significant increase in concentration evoked in A1KO mice. Mechanically stimulated release was largely unregulated by A1 and A2A receptors, likely because of a different release mechanism than spontaneous adenosine. Thus, A1 receptors affect the frequency of spontaneous adenosine transients, and A2A receptors affect the concentration. Therefore, future studies could probe drug treatments targeting A1 and A2A receptors to increase rapid adenosine neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
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Ur Rehman N, Abbas M, Al-Rashida M, Tokhi A, Arshid MA, Khan MS, Ahmad I, Rauf K. Effect of 4-Fluoro-N-(4-Sulfamoylbenzyl) Benzene Sulfonamide on Acquisition and Expression of Nicotine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization and Striatal Adenosine Levels. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:3777-3786. [PMID: 32982182 PMCID: PMC7505708 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s270025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Behavioral sensitization is a phenomenon that develops from intermittent exposure to nicotine and other psychostimulants, which often leads to heightened locomotor activity and then relapse. Sulfonamides that act as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have a documented role in enhancing dopaminergic tone and normalizing neuroplasticity by stabilizing glutamate release. Objective The aim of the current study was to explore synthetic sulfonamides derivative 4-fluoro-N-(4-sulfamoylbenzyl) benzene-sulfonamide (4-FBS) (with documented carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity) on acquisition and expression of nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization. Methods In the acquisition phase, selected 5 groups of mice were exposed to saline or nicotine 0.5mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p) for 7 consecutive days. Selected 3 groups were administered with 4-FBS 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg p.o. along with nicotine. After 3 days of the drug-free period, ie, day 11, a challenge dose of nicotine was injected to all groups except saline and locomotor activity was recorded for 30 minutes. In the expression phase, mice were exposed to saline and nicotine only 0.5 mg/kg i.p for 7 consecutive days. After 3 days of the drug-free period, ie, day 11, 4-FBS at 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were administered to the selected groups, one hour after drug a nicotine challenge dose was administered, and locomotion was recorded. At the end of behavioral experiments, all animals were decapitated and the striatum was excised and screened for changes in adenosine levels, using HPLC-UV. Results Taken together, our findings showed that 4-FBS in all 3 doses, in both sets of experiments significantly attenuated nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice. Additionally, 4-FBS at 60mg/kg significantly lowered the adenosine level in the striatum. Conclusion The behavioral and adenosine modulation is promising, and more receptors level studies are warranted to explore the exact mechanism of action of 4-FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Tokhi
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sona Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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