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Zhang Q, Xu Z, Guo JF, Shen SH. Single-Cell Transcriptome Reveals Cell Type-Specific Molecular Pathology in a 2VO Cerebral Ischemic Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5248-5264. [PMID: 38180614 PMCID: PMC11249492 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Post-ischemia memory impairment is a major sequela in cerebral ischemia patients. However, cell type-specific molecular pathology in the hippocampus after ischemia is poorly understood. In this study, we adopted a mouse two-vessel occlusion ischemia model (2VO model) to mimic cerebral ischemia-induced memory impairment and investigated the single-cell transcriptome in the hippocampi in 2VO mice. A total of 27,069 cells were corresponding 14 cell types with neuronal, glial, and vascular lineages. We next analyzed cell-specific gene alterations in 2VO mice and the function of these cell-specific genes. Differential expression analysis identified cell type-specific genes with altered expression in neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in 2VO mice. Notably, four subtypes of oligodendrocyte precursor cells with distinct differentiation pathways were suggested. Taken together, this is the first single-cell transcriptome analysis of gene expression in a 2VO model. Furthermore, we suggested new types of oligodendrocyte precursor cells with angiogenesis and neuroprotective potential, which might offer opportunities to identify new avenues of research and novel targets for ischemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Zhong Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Jian-Feng Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Shang-Hang Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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Afridi R, Kim JH, Bhusal A, Lee WH, Suk K. Lipocalin-2 as a mediator of neuroimmune communication. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:357-368. [PMID: 38149462 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2, a neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, is a 25-kDa secreted protein implicated in a broad range of inflammatory diseases affecting the brain and periphery. It is a pleotropic protein expressed by various immune and nonimmune cells throughout the body. Importantly, the surge in lipocalin-2 levels in disease states has been associated with a myriad of undesirable effects, further exacerbating the ongoing pathological processes. In the brain, glial cells are the principal source of lipocalin-2, which plays a definitive role in determining their functional phenotypes. In different central nervous system pathologies, an increased expression of glial lipocalin-2 has been linked to neurotoxicity. Lipocalin-2 mediates a crosstalk between central and peripheral immune cells under neuroinflammatory conditions. One intriguing aspect is that elevated lipocalin-2 levels in peripheral disorders, such as cancer, metabolic conditions, and liver diseases, potentially incite an inflammatory activation of glial cells while disrupting neuronal functions. This review comprehensively summarizes the influence of lipocalin-2 on the exacerbation of neuroinflammation by regulating various cellular processes. Additionally, this review explores lipocalin-2 as a mediator of neuroimmune crosstalk in various central nervous system pathologies and highlights the role of lipocalin-2 in carrying inflammatory signals along the neuroimmune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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3
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Doroszkiewicz J, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Dulewicz M, Mroczko J, Borawska R, Słowik A, Zetterberg H, Hanrieder J, Blennow K, Mroczko B. Associations between Microglia and Astrocytic Proteins and Tau Biomarkers across the Continuum of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7543. [PMID: 39062786 PMCID: PMC11277045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations implicate neuroinflammatory changes, including astrocyte and microglia activation, as crucial in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) Thus, we compared selected proteins reflecting neuroinflammatory processes to establish their connection to AD pathologies. Our study, encompassing 80 subjects with (n = 42) AD, (n = 18) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and (n = 20) non-demented controls compares the clinical potential of tested molecules. Using antibody-based methods, we assessed concentrations of NGAL, CXCL-11, sTREM1, and sTREM2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Proinflammatory proteins, NGAL, and CXCL-11 reached a peak in the early stage of the disease and allowed for the identification of patients with MCI. Furthermore, the concentration of the anti-inflammatory molecule sTREM2 was highest in the more advanced stage of the disease and permitted differentiation between AD and non-demented controls. Additionally, sTREM2 was biochemically linked to tau and pTau in the AD group. Notably, NGAL demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared to classical AD biomarkers in discriminating MCI patients from controls. These findings suggest that proteins secreted mainly through microglia dysfunction might play not only a detrimental but also a protective role in the development of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (J.D.); (A.K.-P.); (J.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (J.D.); (A.K.-P.); (J.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; (M.D.); (H.Z.); (J.H.); (K.B.)
| | - Jan Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (J.D.); (A.K.-P.); (J.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Renata Borawska
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (J.D.); (A.K.-P.); (J.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Słowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; (M.D.); (H.Z.); (J.H.); (K.B.)
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1N 3AR, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792-2460, USA
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; (M.D.); (H.Z.); (J.H.); (K.B.)
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; (M.D.); (H.Z.); (J.H.); (K.B.)
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (J.D.); (A.K.-P.); (J.M.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Kim JH, Michiko N, Choi IS, Kim Y, Jeong JY, Lee MG, Jang IS, Suk K. Aberrant activation of hippocampal astrocytes causes neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in mice. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002687. [PMID: 38991663 PMCID: PMC11239238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in diverse neuropathologies; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used optogenetic and chemogenetic tools to identify the crucial roles of the hippocampal CA1 astrocytes in cognitive decline. Our results showed that repeated optogenetic stimulation of the hippocampal CA1 astrocytes induced cognitive impairment in mice and decreased synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP), which was accompanied by the appearance of inflammatory astrocytes. Mechanistic studies conducted using knockout animal models and hippocampal neuronal cultures showed that lipocalin-2 (LCN2), derived from reactive astrocytes, mediated neuroinflammation and induced cognitive impairment by decreasing the LTP through the reduction of neuronal NMDA receptors. Sustained chemogenetic stimulation of hippocampal astrocytes provided similar results. Conversely, these phenomena were attenuated by a metabolic inhibitor of astrocytes. Fiber photometry using GCaMP revealed a high level of hippocampal astrocyte activation in the neuroinflammation model. Our findings suggest that reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus are sufficient and required to induce cognitive decline through LCN2 release and synaptic modulation. This abnormal glial-neuron interaction may contribute to the pathogenesis of cognitive disturbances in neuroinflammation-associated brain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakamura Michiko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Maan-Gee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wang Q, Yang J, Guo Z, Xi D. The predictive role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in coronary artery disease. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01316-8. [PMID: 38906376 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The prognosis holds significant implications for the long-term quality of life among patients suffering from coronary artery disease. However, a pressing challenge lies in the absence of reliable biomarkers that can establish a definitive correlation between these biomarkers and the prognosis of coronary artery heart disease. This review paper delves into the critical role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in predicting outcomes in coronary artery disease. It examines the influence of NGAL on various clinical manifestations, including stable angina, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and isolated coronary artery dilation. Furthermore, this review provides recommendations aimed at enhancing the rigor and impact of future research, thereby serving as a valuable reference for subsequent studies in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Lin Q, Huang E, Fan K, Zhang Z, Shangguan H, Zhang W, Fang W, Ou Q, Liu X. Cerebrospinal Fluid Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as a Novel Biomarker for Postneurosurgical Bacterial Meningitis: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Neurosurgery 2024:00006123-990000000-01205. [PMID: 38856216 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Postneurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) was a significant clinical challenge, as early identification remains difficult. This study aimed to explore the potential of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of PNBM in patients who have undergone neurosurgery. METHODS A total of 436 postneurosurgical adult patients were enrolled in this study. Clinical information, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood samples were collected. After the screening, the remaining 267 patients were divided into the PNBM and non-PNBM groups, and measured CSF and serum NGAL levels to determine the diagnostic utility of PNBM. Subsequently, patients with PNBM were categorized into gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infection groups to assess the effectiveness of CSF NGAL in differentiating between these types of infections. We analyzed the changes in CSF NGAL expression before and after anti-infection treatment in PNBM. Finally, an additional 60 patients were included as an independent validation cohort to further validate the diagnostic performance of CSF NGAL. RESULTS Compared with the non-PNBM group, CSF NGAL was significantly higher in the PNBM group (305.1 [151.6-596.5] vs 58.5 [30.7-105.8] ng/mL; P < .0001). The area under the curve of CSF NGAL for diagnosing PNBM was 0.928 (95% CI: 0.897-0.960), at a threshold of 119.7 ng/mL. However, there was no significant difference in serum NGAL between the 2 groups (142.5 [105.0-248.6] vs 161.9 [126.6-246.6] ng/mL, P = .201). Furthermore, CSF NGAL levels were significantly higher in patients with gram-negative bacterial infections than those with gram-positive bacteria (P = .023). In addition, CSF NGAL levels decrease after treatment compared with the initial stage of infection (P < .0001). Finally, in this validation cohort, the threshold of 119.7 ng/mL CSF NGAL shows good diagnostic performance with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION CSF NGAL holds promise as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, early drug selection, and efficacy monitoring of PNBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Er Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kengna Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeqin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huangcheng Shangguan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Shi H, Chen M. The brain-bone axis: unraveling the complex interplay between the central nervous system and skeletal metabolism. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:317. [PMID: 38849920 PMCID: PMC11161955 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain-bone axis has emerged as a captivating field of research, unveiling the intricate bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal metabolism. This comprehensive review delves into the current state of knowledge surrounding the brain-bone axis, exploring the complex mechanisms, key players, and potential clinical implications of this fascinating area of study. The review discusses the neural regulation of bone metabolism, highlighting the roles of the sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters in modulating bone remodeling. In addition, it examines the influence of bone-derived factors, such as osteocalcin and fibroblast growth factor 23, on brain function and behavior. The therapeutic potential of targeting the brain-bone axis in the context of skeletal and neurological disorders is also explored. By unraveling the complex interplay between the CNS and skeletal metabolism, this review aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, clinicians, and students interested in the brain-bone axis and its implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Shi
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Min Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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Liu ZT, Liu MH, Xiong Y, Wang YJ, Bu XL. Crosstalk between bone and brain in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38824621 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves multiple systems in the body. Numerous recent studies have revealed bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and bone, but the interaction between bone and brain in AD remains unclear. In this review, we summarize human studies of the association between bone and brain and provide an overview of their interactions and the underlying mechanisms in AD. We review the effects of AD on bone from the aspects of AD pathogenic proteins, AD risk genes, neurohormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the autonomic nervous system. Correspondingly, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the involvement of bone in the pathogenesis of AD, including bone-derived hormones, bone marrow-derived cells, bone-derived EVs, and inflammation. On the basis of the crosstalk between bone and the brain, we propose potential strategies for the management of AD with the hope of offering novel perspectives on its prevention and treatment. HIGHLIGHTS: The pathogenesis of AD, along with its consequent changes in the brain, may involve disturbing bone homeostasis. Degenerative bone disorders may influence the progression of AD through a series of pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, relevant bone intervention strategies may be beneficial for the comprehensive management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Han Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Li M, Wang X, Kong S, Qiu Y, Jiang C, Sun W, Yang S, Ji L, Zhang Y, Li J. Sex-specific associations of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) with cognition in patients with drug-naïve schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 174:19-25. [PMID: 38604111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This present study aimed to investigate the sex-specific association of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) with cognition in drug-naïve schizophrenia patients for the first time. A total of 204 participants in this study, including 137 drug-naïve schizophrenia (DNS) patients and 67 healthy controls (HCs). All participants completed the Measurements and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and were collected fasting venous blood for NGAL measurement. DNS patients also complete the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore sex-specific associations between NGAL and cognition. All dimensions of MCCB scores were significantly lower in both male and female DNS patients than HCs. Sex differences were significant in cognitive performance in both DNS patients and HCs. Female DNS patients experienced poorer working memory and reason& problem solving than male patients. Female HCs performed a better attention/vigilance and visual learning, a poorer reason& problem solving than male HCs. In patients with DNS, NGAL levels were negatively associated with positive subscale of PANSS and positively associated with working memory and visual learning only in female. However, there was no significant correlation between NGAL levels and all cognitive tests in both male and female HCs. Regression model showed that higher level of NGAL was an independent protective factor for cognitive performance in female patients with DNS, whereas there was no such role in male patients. Our findings suggest sex specificity between NGAL levels and cognitive performance in DNS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Siying Kong
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Qiu
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changyong Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijie Ji
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Calado M, Ferreira R, Pires D, Santos-Costa Q, Anes E, Brites D, Azevedo-Pereira JM. Unravelling the triad of neuroinvasion, neurodissemination, and neuroinflammation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the central nervous system. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2534. [PMID: 38588024 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Since the identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, many improvements have been made to control viral replication in the peripheral blood and to treat opportunistic infections. This has increased life expectancy but also the incidence of age-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders and HIV-associated neurodegeneration/neurocognitive impairment and depression collectively referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND encompasses a spectrum of different clinical presentations ranging from milder forms such as asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment or mild neurocognitive disorder to a severe HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Although control of viral replication and suppression of plasma viral load with combination antiretroviral therapy has reduced the incidence of HAD, it has not reversed milder forms of HAND. The objective of this review, is to describe the mechanisms by which HIV-1 invades and disseminates in the CNS, a crucial event leading to HAND. The review will present the evidence that underlies the relationship between HIV infection and HAND. Additionally, recent findings explaining the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of HAND will be discussed, along with prospects for treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calado
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Quirina Santos-Costa
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Structure, Functions, and Implications of Selected Lipocalins in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4290. [PMID: 38673873 PMCID: PMC11050150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipocalin proteins are a large family of small extracellular proteins that demonstrate significant heterogeneity in sequence similarity and have highly conserved crystal structures. They have a variety of functions, including acting as carrier proteins, transporting retinol, participating in olfaction, and synthesizing prostaglandins. Importantly, they also play a critical role in human diseases, including cancer. Additionally, they are involved in regulating cellular homeostasis and immune response and dispensing various compounds. This comprehensive review provides information on the lipocalin family, including their structure, functions, and implications in various diseases. It focuses on selective important human lipocalin proteins, such as lipocalin 2 (LCN2), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), and α1-microglobulin (A1M).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
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12
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Tan Q, Zhang C, Rao X, Wan W, Lin W, Huang S, Ying J, Lin Y, Hua F. The interaction of lipocalin-2 and astrocytes in neuroinflammation: mechanisms and therapeutic application. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358719. [PMID: 38533497 PMCID: PMC10963420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common pathological process in various neurological disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and others. It involves the activation of glial cells, particularly astrocytes, and the release of inflammatory mediators. Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) is a secretory protein mainly secreted by activated astrocytes, which can affect neuroinflammation through various pathways. It can also act as a pro-inflammatory factor by modulating astrocyte activation and polarization through different signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, and JAK-STAT, amplifying the inflammatory response and aggravating neural injury. Consequently, Lcn-2 and astrocytes may be potential therapeutic targets for neuroinflammation and related diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role mechanisms, interactions, and therapeutic implications of Lcn-2 and astrocytes in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiuqin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shupeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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13
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Wang B, Wang LN, Wu B, Guo R, Zhang L, Zhang JT, Wang ZH, Wu F, Feng Y, Liu H, Jin XH, Miao XH, Liu T. Astrocyte PERK and IRE1 Signaling Contributes to Morphine Tolerance and Hyperalgesia through Upregulation of Lipocalin-2 and NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Rodent Spinal Cord. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:558-577. [PMID: 38079113 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and chronic pain. This study hypothesized that PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme type 1 (IRE1) regulate lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) expression in astrocytes, thereby contributing to morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. METHODS The study was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats and C57/Bl6 mice of both sexes. The expression of LCN2 and NLRP3 was assessed by Western blotting. The tail-flick, von Frey, and Hargreaves tests were used to evaluate nociceptive behaviors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was conducted to analyze the binding of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) to the promoters of LCN2 and TXNIP. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to evaluate neuronal excitability. RESULTS Pharmacologic inhibition of PERK and IRE1 attenuated the development of morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia in male (tail latency on day 7, 8.0 ± 1.13 s in the morphine + GSK2656157 [10 μg] group vs. 5.8 ± 0.65 s in the morphine group; P = 0.04; n = 6 rats/group) and female (tail latency on day 7, 6.0 ± 0.84 s in the morphine + GSK2656157 [10 μg] group vs. 3.1 ± 1.09 s in the morphine group; P = 0.0005; n = 6 rats/group) rats. Activation of PERK and IRE1 upregulated expression of LCN2 and NLRP3 in vivo and in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that ATF4 directly bound to the promoters of the LCN2 and TXNIP. Lipocalin-2 induced neuronal hyperexcitability in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia via melanocortin-4 receptor. CONCLUSIONS Astrocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors PERK and IRE1 facilitated morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia through upregulation of LCN2 and NLRP3 in the spinal cord. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pain Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (current position)
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Pain Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Department of Pain, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Zhang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pain Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pain Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Jin
- Department of Pain Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Miao
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; and College of Life Sciences, Yanan University, Yanan, China
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14
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Guo Z, Xu G, Xu J, Huang Y, Liu C, Cao Y. Role of Lipocalin-2 in N1/N2 Neutrophil Polarization After Stroke. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:525-535. [PMID: 37073144 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230417112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils and Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) play pivotal roles in cerebral ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury. However, their contribution is not fully clarified. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of LCN2 and its association with neutrophil polarization in I/R injury. METHODS A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to induce cerebral ischemia. LCN2mAb was administered 1 h and Anti-Ly6G was administered for 3d before MCAO. The role of LCN2 in the polarity transition of neutrophils was explored using an in vitro HL-60 cell model. RESULTS LCN2mAb pretreatment had neuroprotective effects in mice. The expression of Ly6G was not significantly different, but the expression of N2 neutrophils was increased. In the in vitro study, LCN2mAb-treated N1-HL-60 cells induced N2-HL-60 polarization. CONCLUSION LCN2 may affect the prognosis of ischemic stroke by mediating neutrophil polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoli Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Li H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu L, Sun Z, Zheng D, Liu X, Song C, Zhang Y, Liang H, Yang B, Tian X, Luo J, Chang Q. Tumor-associated astrocytes promote tumor progression of Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma by secreting lipocalin-2. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13212. [PMID: 37721122 PMCID: PMC10711256 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup of medulloblastoma (MB) accounts for about 25% of all subgroups of MB. Tumor microenvironment (TME) may play a key role in the tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) are reshaped to drive tumor progression through multiple paracrine signals. However, the mechanism by which TAAs modulate MB cells remains elusive. Here, we illuminated that TAAs showed a specific and dynamic pattern during SHH-MB development. Most TAAs gathered to the tumor margin during the tumor progression, rather than evenly distributed in the early-stage tumors. We further demonstrated that lipocalin-2 (LCN2) secreted by TAAs could promote the tumor growth and was correlated with the poor prognosis of MB patients. Knocking down LCN2 in TAAs in vitro impeded the proliferation and migration abilities of MB cells. In addition, we identified that TAAs accelerated the tumor growth by secreting LCN2 via STAT3 signaling pathway. Accordingly, blockade of STAT3 signaling by its inhibitor WP1066 and AAV-Lcn2 shRNA, respectively, in TAAs abrogated the effects of LCN2 on tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we for the first time clarified that LCN2, secreted by TAAs, could promote MB tumor progression via STAT3 pathway and has potential prognostic value. Our findings unveiled a new sight in reprogramming the TME of SHH-MB and provided a potential therapeutic strategy targeting TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yantao Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Luzheng Xu
- Department of Medical and Health Analysis CenterPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Ziwen Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Danfeng Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical GeneticsPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical GeneticsPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Bao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinxia Tian
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical GeneticsPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
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16
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Guo J, Yan YZ, Chen J, Duan Y, Zeng P. Identification of Hub Genes and Pathways of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats Using the Gene Expression Omnibus Database. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:1-12. [PMID: 38505917 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023051702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Stroke remained the leading cause of disability in the world, and the most important non-modifiable risk factor was age. The treatment of stroke for elder patients faced multiple difficulties due to its complicated pathogenesis and mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to identify the potential differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and singnalling pathways for aged people of stroke. To compare the DEGs in the aged rats with or without middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and to analyse the important genes and the key signaling pathways involved in the development of cerebral ischaemia in aged rats. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analysis tool was used to analyse the DEGs in the GSE166162 dataset of aged MCAO rats compared with aged sham rats. Differential expression analysis was performed in aged MCAO rats and sham rats using limma. In addition, the 74 DEGs (such as Fam111a, Lcn2, Spp1, Lgals3 and Gpnmb were up-regulated; Egr2, Nr4a3, Arc, Klf4 and Nr4a1 were down-regulated) and potential compounds corresponding to the top 20 core genes in the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database (version 12.0). Among these 30 compounds, resveratrol, cannabidiol, honokiol, fucoxanthin, oleandrin and tyrosol were significantly enriched. These DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis to determine the most significantly enriched pathway in aged MCAO rats. Moreover, innate immune response, the complement and coagulation cascades signaling pathway, the IL-17 and other signaling pathways were significantly correlated with the aged MCAO rats. Our study indicates that multiple genes and pathological processes involved in the aged people of stroke. The immune response might be the key pathway in the intervention of cerebral infarction in aged people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jinglou Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yang Duan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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17
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Ellis RJ, Marquine MJ, Kaul M, Fields JA, Schlachetzki JCM. Mechanisms underlying HIV-associated cognitive impairment and emerging therapies for its management. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:668-687. [PMID: 37816937 PMCID: PMC11052664 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
People living with HIV are affected by the chronic consequences of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) despite antiretroviral therapies that suppress viral replication, improve health and extend life. Furthermore, viral suppression does not eliminate the virus, and remaining infected cells may continue to produce viral proteins that trigger neurodegeneration. Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus are likely to contribute substantially to CNS injury in people living with HIV, and some components of antiretroviral therapy exert undesirable side effects on the nervous system. No treatment for HIV-associated NCI has been approved by the European Medicines Agency or the US Food and Drug Administration. Historically, roadblocks to developing effective treatments have included a limited understanding of the pathophysiology of HIV-associated NCI and heterogeneity in its clinical manifestations. This heterogeneity might reflect multiple underlying causes that differ among individuals, rather than a single unifying neuropathogenesis. Despite these complexities, accelerating discoveries in HIV neuropathogenesis are yielding potentially druggable targets, including excessive immune activation, metabolic alterations culminating in mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of metal ion homeostasis and lysosomal function, and microbiome alterations. In addition to drug treatments, we also highlight the importance of non-pharmacological interventions. By revisiting mechanisms implicated in NCI and potential interventions addressing these mechanisms, we hope to supply reasons for optimism in people living with HIV affected by NCI and their care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - María J Marquine
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marcus Kaul
- School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jerel Adam Fields
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Jung BK, Ryu KY. Lipocalin-2: a therapeutic target to overcome neurodegenerative diseases by regulating reactive astrogliosis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2138-2146. [PMID: 37779143 PMCID: PMC10618504 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell activation precedes neuronal cell death during brain aging and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Under neuroinflammatory stress conditions, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin or 24p3, is produced and secreted by activated microglia and reactive astrocytes. Lcn2 expression levels are known to be increased in various cells, including reactive astrocytes, through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In the central nervous system, as LCN2 exerts neurotoxicity when secreted from reactive astrocytes, many researchers have attempted to identify various strategies to inhibit LCN2 production, secretion, and function to minimize neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. These strategies include regulation at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels, as well as blocking its functions using neutralizing antibodies or antagonists of its receptor. The suppression of NF-κB signaling is a strategy to inhibit LCN2 production, but it may also affect other cellular activities, raising questions about its effectiveness and feasibility. Recently, LCN2 was found to be a target of the autophagy‒lysosome pathway. Therefore, autophagy activation may be a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the levels of secreted LCN2 and overcome neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focused on research progress on astrocyte-derived LCN2 in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kwon Jung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Yul Ryu
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Mazumder AG, Julé AM, Sun D. Astrocytes of the optic nerve exhibit a region-specific and temporally distinct response to elevated intraocular pressure. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:68. [PMID: 37759301 PMCID: PMC10523752 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optic nerve is an important tissue in glaucoma and the unmyelinated nerve head region remains an important site of many early neurodegenerative changes. In both humans and mice, astrocytes constitute the major glial cell type in the region, and in glaucoma they become reactive, influencing the optic nerve head (ONH) microenvironment and disease outcome. Despite recognizing their importance in the progression of the disease, the reactive response of optic nerve head astrocytes remains poorly understood. METHODS To determine the global reactive response of ONH astrocytes in glaucoma we studied their transcriptional response to an elevation in IOP induced by the microbead occlusion model. To specifically isolate astrocyte mRNA in vivo from complex tissues, we used the ribotag method to genetically tag ribosomes in astrocytes, restricting analysis to astrocytes and enabling purification of astrocyte-associated mRNA throughout the entire cell, including the fine processes, for bulk RNA-sequencing. We also assessed the response of astrocytes in the more distal myelinated optic nerve proper (ONP) as glaucomatous changes manifest differently between the two regions. RESULTS Astrocytes of the optic nerve exhibited a region-specific and temporally distinct response. Surprisingly, ONH astrocytes showed very few early transcriptional changes and ONP astrocytes demonstrated substantially larger changes over the course of the experimental period. Energy metabolism, particularly oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial protein translation emerged as highly upregulated processes in both ONH and ONP astrocytes, with the former showing additional upregulation in antioxidative capacity and proteolysis. Interestingly, optic nerve astrocytes demonstrated a limited neuroinflammatory response, even when challenged with a more severe elevation in IOP. Lastly, there were a greater number of downregulated processes in both astrocyte populations compared to upregulated processes. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate an essential role for energy metabolism in the response of optic nerve astrocytes to elevated IOP, and contrary to expectations, neuroinflammation had a limited overall role. The transcriptional response profile is supportive of the notion that optic nerve astrocytes have a beneficial role in glaucoma. These previously uncharacterized transcriptional response of optic nerve astrocytes to injury reveal their functional diversity and a greater heterogeneity than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan G Mazumder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amélie M Julé
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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20
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Xia Y, Ge G, Xiao H, Wu M, Wang T, Gu C, Yang H, Geng D. REPIN1 regulates iron metabolism and osteoblast apoptosis in osteoporosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:631. [PMID: 37749079 PMCID: PMC10519990 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is not well treated due to the difficulty of finding commonalities between the various types of it. Iron homeostasis is a vital component in supporting biochemical functions, and iron overload is recognized as a common risk factor for osteoporosis. In this research, we found that there is indeed evidence of iron accumulation in the bone tissue of patients with osteoporosis and REPIN1, as an origin specific DNA binding protein, may play a key role in this process. We revealed that sh-Repin1 therapy can rescue bone loss in an iron-overload-induced osteoporosis mouse model. Knockdown of Repin1 can inhibit apoptosis and enhance the resistance of osteoblasts to iron overload toxicity. REPIN1 promoted apoptosis by regulating iron metabolism in osteoblasts. Mechanistically, knockdown of Repin1 decreased the expression of Lcn2, which ameliorated the toxic effects of intracellular iron overload. The anti-iron effect of lentivirus sh-Repin1 was partially reversed or replicated by changing LCN2 expression level via si-RNA or plasmid, which indirectly verified the key regulatory role of LCN2 as a downstream target. Furthermore, the levels of BCL2 and BAX, which play a key role in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, were affected. In summary, based on the results of clinical specimens, animal models and in vitro experiments, for the first time, we proved the key role of REPIN1 in iron metabolism-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoran Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Taicang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Tianhao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyong Gu
- Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North District), Suzhou, China.
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Wang Q, Lin Q, Wang H, Tang M, Fan K, Zhang Z, Huang E, Zhang W, Wang F, Ou Q, Liu X. Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin for differentiation of bacterial meningitis from tuberculous meningitis or cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective cohort study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:603. [PMID: 37679727 PMCID: PMC10486126 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early differential diagnosis between bacterial meningitis (BM) and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains a significant clinical challenge. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) has been reported as a novel inflammatory biomarker in the early stages of infection. This study aimed to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NGAL can serve as a potential biomarker for distinguishing between BM and TBM or CM. METHODS We prospectively enrolled the patients with suspected CNS infections at admission and divided them into three case groups: BM (n = 67), TBM (n = 55), CM (n = 51), and an age- and sex-matched hospitalized control (HC, n = 58). Detected the CSF NGAL and assessed its diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing between BM and TBM or CM. Additionally, longitudinally measured the CSF NGAL levels in patients with BM to evaluate its potential as a monitoring tool for antibacterial treatment. RESULTS The concentration of CSF NGAL in BM was significantly higher than in TBM, CM, and HC (all P < 0.05), while the serum NGAL did not show significant differences among the three case groups. The ROC analysis demonstrated that CSF NGAL presented a good diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.834 (0.770-0.886) and at the optimal cutoff value of 74.27 ng/mL with 70.15% sensitivity and 77.36% specificity for discriminating BM with TBM and CM. Additionally, the CSF NGAL in the convalescent period of BM was significantly lower than in the acute period (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CSF NGAL may serve as a potential biomarker for distinguishing between acute BM and TBM or CM. Additionally, it holds clinical significance in monitoring the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Qingwen Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Minjie Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Kengna Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zeqin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Er Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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22
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Li J, Xu P, Hong Y, Xie Y, Peng M, Sun R, Guo H, Zhang X, Zhu W, Wang J, Liu X. Lipocalin-2-mediated astrocyte pyroptosis promotes neuroinflammatory injury via NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:148. [PMID: 37353794 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a vital pathophysiological process during ischemic stroke. Activated astrocytes play a major role in inflammation. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), secreted by activated astrocytes, promotes neuroinflammation. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death that has emerged as a new area of research in stroke. Nevertheless, the potential role of LCN2 in astrocyte pyroptosis remains unclear. METHODS An ischemic stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo. In this study, in vitro, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (O/R) were applied to cultured astrocytes. 24p3R (the LCN2 receptor) was inhibited by astrocyte-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV-GFAP-24p3Ri). MCC950 and Nigericin sodium salt (Nig) were used to inhibit or promote the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pharmacologically, respectively. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed to assess astrocyte and neuron death. Additionally, the neurological deficits of mice were evaluated. RESULTS LCN2 expression was significantly induced in astrocytes 24 h after stroke onset in the mouse MCAO model. Lcn2 knockout (Lcn2-/-) mice exhibited reduced infarct volume and improved neurological and cognitive functions after MCAO. LCN2 and its receptor 24p3R were colocalized in astrocytes. Mechanistically, suppression of 24p3R by AAV-GFAP-24p3Ri alleviated pyroptosis-related pore formation and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines via LCN2, which was then reversed by Nig-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Astrocyte pyroptosis was exacerbated in Lcn2-/- mice by intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant LCN2 (rLCN2), while this aggravation was restricted by blocking 24p3R or inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation with MCC950. CONCLUSION LCN2/24p3R mediates astrocyte pyroptosis via NLRP3 inflammasome activation following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanji Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengna Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongquan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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23
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Horino-Shimizu A, Moriyama K, Mori T, Kohyama K, Nishito Y, Sakuma H. Lipocalin-2 production by astrocytes in response to high concentrations of glutamate. Brain Res 2023; 1815:148463. [PMID: 37328088 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is mainly mediated by neuronal NMDA receptors; however, it is unclear how astrocytes are involved in this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore the effects of excess glutamate on astrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We used astrocyte-enriched cultures (AECs), in which microglia were removed from mixed glial cultures, to investigate the effects of extracellular glutamate on these cells by microarray, quantitative PCR, ELISA, and immunostaining. We also examined the production of lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) by immunohistochemistry in the brains of mice after status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine and by ELISA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients characterised by status epilepticus. RESULTS Microarray analysis identified Lcn2 as a factor upregulated in AECs by excess glutamate; glutamate addition increased Lcn2 in the cytoplasm of astrocytes and AECs released Lcn2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Lcn2 production was reduced by chemical inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 or siRNA knockdown. Furthermore, Lcn2 was increased in the astrocytes of a status epilepticus mouse model and in the CSF of human patients. CONCLUSION These results indicate that astrocytes stimulate Lcn2 production via metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 in response to high concentrations of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Horino-Shimizu
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Course of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kengo Moriyama
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mori
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Kohyama
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakuma
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Course of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan.
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24
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Song XJ, Yang CL, Chen D, Yang Y, Mao Y, Cao P, Jiang A, Wang W, Zhang Z, Tao W. Up-regulation of LCN2 in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to neural injury-induced chronic pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1140769. [PMID: 37362002 PMCID: PMC10285483 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1140769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain caused by disease or injury affects more than 30% of the general population. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the development of chronic pain remain unclear, resulting in scant effective treatments. Here, we combined electrophysiological recording, in vivo two-photon (2P) calcium imaging, fiber photometry, Western blotting, and chemogenetic methods to define a role for the secreted pro-inflammatory factor, Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), in chronic pain development in mice with spared nerve injury (SNI). We found that LCN2 expression was upregulated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) at 14 days after SNI, resulting in hyperactivity of ACC glutamatergic neurons (ACCGlu) and pain sensitization. By contrast, suppressing LCN2 protein levels in the ACC with viral constructs or exogenous application of neutralizing antibodies leads to significant attenuation of chronic pain by preventing ACCGlu neuronal hyperactivity in SNI 2W mice. In addition, administering purified recombinant LCN2 protein in the ACC could induce pain sensitization by inducing ACCGlu neuronal hyperactivity in naïve mice. This study provides a mechanism by which LCN2-mediated hyperactivity of ACCGlu neurons contributes to pain sensitization, and reveals a new potential target for treating chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Jie Song
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen-Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Aijun Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjuan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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25
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Zhao RY, Wei PJ, Sun X, Zhang DH, He QY, Liu J, Chang JL, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Role of lipocalin 2 in stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106044. [PMID: 36804285 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide; however, the treatment choices available to neurologists are limited in clinical practice. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted protein, belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, with multiple biological functions in mediating innate immune response, inflammatory response, iron-homeostasis, cell migration and differentiation, energy metabolism, and other processes in the body. LCN2 is expressed at low levels in the brain under normal physiological conditions, but its expression is significantly up-regulated in multiple acute stimulations and chronic pathologies. An up-regulation of LCN2 has been found in the blood/cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, and could serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction of the severity of acute stroke. LCN2 activates reactive astrocytes and microglia, promotes neutrophil infiltration, amplifies post-stroke inflammation, promotes blood-brain barrier disruption, white matter injury, and neuronal death. Moreover, LCN2 is involved in brain injury induced by thrombin and erythrocyte lysates, as well as microvascular thrombosis after hemorrhage. In this paper, we review the role of LCN2 in the pathological processes of ischemic stroke; intracerebral hemorrhage; subarachnoid hemorrhage; and stroke-related brain diseases, such as vascular dementia and post-stroke depression, and their underlying mechanisms. We hope that this review will help elucidate the value of LCN2 as a therapeutic target in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Peng-Ju Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Dian-Hui Zhang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Qian-Yan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jun-Lei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
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26
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Kim JH, Kang RJ, Hyeon SJ, Ryu H, Joo H, Bu Y, Kim JH, Suk K. Lipocalin-2 Is a Key Regulator of Neuroinflammation in Secondary Traumatic and Ischemic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:803-821. [PMID: 36508119 PMCID: PMC10275845 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive glial cells are hallmarks of brain injury. However, whether these cells contribute to secondary inflammatory pathology and neurological deficits remains poorly understood. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has inflammatory and neurotoxic effects in various disease models; however, its pathogenic role in traumatic brain injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of LCN2 and its role in neuroinflammation following brain injury. LCN2 expression was high in the mouse brain after controlled cortical impact (CCI) and photothrombotic stroke (PTS) injury. Brain levels of LCN2 mRNA and protein were also significantly higher in patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) than in normal subjects. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that astrocytes were the major cellular source of LCN2 in the injured brain. Lcn2 deficiency or intracisternal injection of an LCN2 neutralizing antibody reduced CCI- and PTS-induced brain lesions, behavioral deficits, and neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, in cultured glial cells, recombinant LCN2 protein enhanced scratch injury-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and inhibited Gdnf gene expression, whereas Lcn2 deficiency exerted opposite effects. Together, our results from CTE patients, rodent brain injury models, and cultured glial cells suggest that LCN2 mediates secondary damage response to traumatic and ischemic brain injury by promoting neuroinflammation and suppressing the expression of neurotropic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ri Jin Kang
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hyejin Joo
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Present Address: Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Li Y, Chen S, Yang J, Jing J, Li J, Wu X, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang G, Tang Z, Nie H. Dihydromyricetin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage by reversing the effect of LCN2 via the system Xc- pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154756. [PMID: 37130481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited understanding of the pathological mechanisms of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the absence of successful therapies lead to poor prognoses for patients with ICH. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) has many physiological functions, such as regulating lipid and glucose metabolism and modulating tumorigenesis. Moreover, DMY has been proven to be an effective treatment of neuroprotection. However, no reports to date have been made regarding the impact of DMY on ICH. PURPOSE This investigation aimed to identify the role of DMY on ICH in mice and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS/RESULTS This study demonstrated that DMY treatment effectively reduced hematoma size and cell apoptosis of brain tissue, and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in mice with ICH. Transcriptional and network pharmacological analyses revealed that lipocalin-2 (LCN2) was a potential target of DMY in ICH. After ICH, LCN2 mRNA and protein expression in brain tissue increased and DMY could inhibit the expression of LCN2. The rescue experiment with the implementation of LCN2 overexpression verified these observations. Furthermore, after DMY treatment, there was a significant decrease in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinase (P-ERK), iron deposition, and the number of abnormal mitochondria, which were reversed by the overexpression of LCN2. Proteomics analysis suggests that SLC3A2 may be the downstream target of LCN2, promoting ferroptosis. Finally, LCN2 was shown to bind to SLC3A2 and regulate the downstream glutathione (GSH) synthesis and Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and glutathione (GSH) synthesis, as determined by molecular docking and co-immunoprecipitation analysis. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed for the first time that DMY might offer a favorable treatment for ICH through its action on LCN2. The possible mechanism for this could be that DMY reverses the inhibitory effect of LCN2 on the system Xc-, lessening ferroptosis in brain tissue. The findings of this study offer a greater understanding of how DMY affects ICH at a molecular level and could be conducive to developing therapeutic targets for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shiling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jingfei Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jie Jing
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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Identification of Lipocalin 2 as a Ferroptosis-Related Key Gene Associated with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage via STAT3/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010186. [PMID: 36671050 PMCID: PMC9854551 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a common cause of death or mental retardation in newborns. Ferroptosis is a novel form of iron-dependent cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, and recent studies have confirmed that ferroptosis plays an important role in the development of HIBD. However, HIBD ferroptosis-related biomarkers remain to be discovered. An artificial neural network (ANN) was established base on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to HIBD and ferroptosis and validated by external dataset. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms, and random forest (RF) algorithm were utilized to identify core genes of HIBD. An in vitro model of glutamate-stimulated HT22 cell HIBD was constructed, and glutamate-induced ferroptosis and mitochondrial structure and function in HT22 cells were examined by propidium iodide (PI) staining, flow cytometry, Fe2+ assay, Western blot, JC-1 kit, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the NF-κB/STAT3 pathway. An HIBD classification model was constructed and presented excellent performance. The PPI network and two machine learning algorithms indicated two hub genes in HIBD. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was the core gene correlated with the risk of HIBD according to the results of differential expression analysis and logistic regression diagnostics. Subsequently, we verified in an in vitro model that LCN2 is highly expressed in glutamate-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells. More importantly, LCN2 silencing significantly inhibited glutamate-stimulated ferroptosis in HT22 cells. We also found that glutamate-stimulated HT22 cells produced mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, in vitro experiments confirmed that NF-κB and STAT3 were activated and that silencing LCN2 could have the effect of inhibiting their activation. In short, our findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which LCN2 may promote ferroptosis in HIBD through activation of the NF-κB/STAT3 pathway, providing new and unique insights into LCN2 as a biomarker for HIBD and suggesting new preventive and therapeutic strategies for HIBD.
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Ferreira AC, Sousa N, Sousa JC, Marques F. Age-related changes in mice behavior and the contribution of lipocalin-2. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1179302. [PMID: 37168715 PMCID: PMC10164932 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1179302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes considerable changes in the nervous system, inducing progressive and long-lasting loss of physiological integrity and synaptic plasticity, leading to impaired brain functioning. These age-related changes quite often culminate in behavioral dysfunctions, such as impaired cognition, which can ultimately result in various forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Still, little is known regarding the effects of aging on behavior. Moreover, the identification of factors involved in regenerative plasticity, in both the young and aged brain, is scarce but crucial from a regenerative point of view and for our understanding on the mechanisms that control the process of normal aging. Recently, we have identified the iron-trafficking protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) as novel regulator of animal behavior and neuronal plasticity in the young adult brain. On the other hand, others have proposed LCN2 as a biological marker for disease progression in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Still, and even though LCN2 is well accepted as a regulator of neural processes in the healthy and diseased brain, its contribution in the process of normal aging is not known. Here, we performed a broad analysis on the effects of aging in mice behavior, from young adulthood to middle and late ages (2-, 12-, and 18-months of age), and in the absence of LCN2. Significant behavioral differences between aging groups were observed in all the dimensions analyzed and, in mice deficient in LCN2, aging mainly reduced anxiety, while sustained depressive-like behavior observed at younger ages. These behavioral changes imposed by age were further accompanied by a significant decrease in cell survival and neuronal differentiation at the hippocampus. Our results provide insights into the role of LCN2 in the neurobiological processes underlying brain function and behavior attributed to age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Fernanda Marques,
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Bathini P, Dupanloup I, Zenaro E, Terrabuio E, Fischer A, Ballabani E, Doucey MA, Alberi L. Systemic Inflammation Causes Microglial Dysfunction With a Vascular AD phenotype. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 28:100568. [PMID: 36704658 PMCID: PMC9871075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that inflammation outside CNS (systemic inflammation) affects brain homeostasis contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. Itis becoming increasingly evident that such early insults may also belinked to neurodegenerative diseases like late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, lifestyle and stress, such as viral or bacterial infection causing chronic inflammation, may contribute to neurodegenerative dementia. Systemic inflammatory response triggers a cascade of neuroinflammatory responses, altering brain transcriptome, cell death characteristic of AD, and vascular dementia. Our study aimed to assess the temporal evolution of the pathological impact of systemic inflammation evoked by prenatal and early postnatal peripheral exposure of viral mimetic Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) and compare the hippocampal transcriptomic changes with the profiles of human post-mortem AD and vascular dementia brain specimens. Methods We have engineered the PolyI:C sterile infection model in wildtype C57BL6 mice to achieve chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. We have conducted a cross-sectional analysis of aging PolyI:C and Saline control mice (3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 16 months), taking the hippocampus as a reference brain region, and compared the brain aging phenotype to AD progression in humans with mild AD, severe AD, and Controls (CTL), in parallel to Vascular dementia (VaD) patients' specimens. Results We found that PolyI:C mice display both peripheral and central inflammation with a peak at 6 months, associated with memory deficits. The hippocampus is characterized by a pronounced and progressive tauopathy. In PolyI:C brains, microglia undergo aging-dependent morphological shifts progressively adopting a phagocytic phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a profound change in gene expression throughout aging, with a peak in differential expression at 9 months. We show that the proinflammatory marker Lcn2 is one of the genes with the strongest upregulation in PolyI:C mice upon aging. Validation in brains from patients with increasing severity of AD and VaD shows the reproducibility of some gene targets in vascular dementia specimens as compared to AD ones. Conclusions The PolyI:C model of sterile infection demonstrates that peripheral chronic inflammation causes progressive tau hyperphosphorylation, changes in microglia morphology, astrogliosis and gene reprogramming reflecting increased neuroinflammation, vascular remodeling, and the loss of neuronal functionality seen to some extent in human AD and Vascular dementia suggesting early immune insults could be crucial in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bathini
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terrabuio
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amrei Fischer
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edona Ballabani
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Lavinia Alberi
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author. Swiss Integrative Centre of Human Health, Passage du Cardinal 13B, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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31
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Hermann P, Villar-Piqué A, Schmitz M, Schmidt C, Varges D, Goebel S, Bunck T, Lindemann H, Bogner C, Santana I, Baldeiras I, Riggert J, Zerr I, Llorens F. Plasma Lipocalin 2 in Alzheimer’s disease: potential utility in the differential diagnosis and relationship with other biomarkers. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:9. [PMID: 35027079 PMCID: PMC8759265 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Lipocalin-2 is a glycoprotein that is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the brain, it is expressed in response to vascular and other brain injury, as well as in Alzheimer’s disease in reactive microglia and astrocytes. Plasma Lipocalin-2 has been proposed as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease but available data is scarce and inconsistent. Thus, we evaluated plasma Lipocalin-2 in the context of Alzheimer’s disease, differential diagnoses, other biomarkers, and clinical data. Methods For this two-center case-control study, we analyzed Lipocalin-2 concentrations in plasma samples from a cohort of n = 407 individuals. The diagnostic groups comprised Alzheimer’s disease (n = 74), vascular dementia (n = 28), other important differential diagnoses (n = 221), and healthy controls (n = 84). Main results were validated in an independent cohort with patients with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 19), mild cognitive impairment (n = 27), and healthy individuals (n = 28). Results Plasma Lipocalin-2 was significantly lower in Alzheimer’s disease compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) and all other groups (p < 0.01) except for mixed dementia (vascular and Alzheimer’s pathologic changes). Areas under the curve from receiver operation characteristics for the discrimination of Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls were 0.783 (95%CI: 0.712–0.855) in the study cohort and 0.766 (95%CI: 0.627–0.905) in the validation cohort. The area under the curve for Alzheimer’s disease versus vascular dementia was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.667–0.890) in the study cohort. In Alzheimer’s disease patients, plasma Lipocalin2 did not show significant correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration and AD-related pathology (total-tau, phosphorylated tau protein, and beta-amyloid 1-42), cognitive status (Mini Mental Status Examination scores), APOE genotype, or presence of white matter hyperintensities. Interestingly, Lipocalin 2 was lower in patients with rapid disease course compared to patients with non-rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s disease (p = 0.013). Conclusions Plasma Lipocalin-2 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease and seems to be independent from currently employed biomarkers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00955-9.
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32
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Liu W, Guo X, Jin L, Hong T, Zhang Q, Su F, Shen Y, Li S, He B. Lipocalin-2 participates in sepsis-induced myocardial injury by mediating lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1009726. [PMID: 36419491 PMCID: PMC9676239 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1009726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is one major cause of death for sepsis but lacks timely diagnosis and specific treatment due to unclear mechanisms. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is a key regulator of lipid metabolism which has been recently proved closely related to sepsis, however, the relationship between LCN-2 and septic myocardial injury remains unknown. We aim to explore the role of LCN-2 in the pathological progress of SIC based on clinical and laboratory evidence. METHODS Consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from August 2021 to April 2022 fulfilling the criteria of severe sepsis were included. The level of LCN-2 in plasma was assayed and analyzed with clinical characteristics. Biostatistical analysis was performed for further identification and pathway enrichment. Mouse model for SIC was thereafter established, in which plasma and tissue LCN-2 levels were tested. RNA sequencing was used for verification and to reveal the possible mechanism. Mitochondrial function and intracellular lipid levels were assayed to further assess the biological effects of targeting LCN-2 in cardiomyocytes with small interference RNAs (siRNAs). RESULTS The level of LCN-2 in plasma was markedly higher in patients with severe sepsis and was associated with higher cardiac biomarkers and lower LVEF. In the in vivo experiment, circulating LCN-2 from plasma was found to increase in SIC mice. A higher level of LCN-2 transcription in myocardial tissue was also found in SIC and showed a clear time relationship. RNA sequencing analysis showed the level of LCN-2 was associated with several gene-sets relevant to mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism-associated pathways. The suppression of LCN-2 protected mitochondrial morphology and limited the production of ROS, as well as restored the mitochondrial membrane potential damaged by LPS. Neutral lipid staining showed prominent lipid accumulation in LPS group, which was alleviated by the treatment of siLCN2. CONCLUSION The level of LCN-2 is significantly increased in SIC at both circulating and tissue levels, which is correlated with the severity of myocardial injury indicators, and may work as an early and great predictor of SIC. LCN-2 probably participates in the process of septic myocardial injury through mediating lipid accumulation and affecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cardiopulmonary Translational Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cardiopulmonary Translational Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cardiopulmonary Translational Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyun Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saiqi Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Murray TE, Richards CM, Robert-Gostlin VN, Bernath AK, Lindhout IA, Klegeris A. Potential neurotoxic activity of diverse molecules released by astrocytes. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:80-101. [PMID: 35988785 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the main support cells of the central nervous system. They also participate in neuroimmune reactions. In response to pathological and immune stimuli, astrocytes transform to reactive states characterized by increased release of inflammatory mediators. Some of these molecules are neuroprotective and inflammation resolving while others, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- 9, L-glutamate, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), are well-established toxins known to cause damage to surrounding cells and tissues. We hypothesized that similar to microglia, the brain immune cells, reactive astrocytes can release a broader set of diverse molecules that are potentially neurotoxic. A literature search was conducted to identify such molecules using the following two criteria: 1) evidence of their expression and secretion by astrocytes and 2) direct neurotoxic action. This review describes 14 structurally diverse molecules as less-established astrocyte neurotoxins, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, CXCL12/CXCL12(5-67), FS-7-associated surface antigen ligand (FasL), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)- 2α, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF), pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), cathepsin (Cat)B, group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA), amyloid beta peptides (Aβ), high mobility group box (HMGB)1, ceramides, and lipocalin (LCN)2. For some of these molecules, further studies are required to establish either their direct neurotoxic effects or the full spectrum of stimuli that induce their release by astrocytes. Only limited studies with human-derived astrocytes and neurons are available for most of these potential neurotoxins, which is a knowledge gap that should be addressed in the future. We also summarize available evidence of the role these molecules play in select neuropathologies where reactive astrocytes are a key feature. A comprehensive understanding of the full spectrum of neurotoxins released by reactive astrocytes is key to understanding neuroinflammatory diseases characterized by the adverse activation of these cells and may guide the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn E Murray
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Christy M Richards
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Victoria N Robert-Gostlin
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Anna K Bernath
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ivan A Lindhout
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
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34
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Li Q, Ru X, Yang Y, Zhao H, Qu J, Chen W, Pan P, Ruan H, Li C, Chen Y, Feng H. Lipocalin-2-Mediated Insufficient Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Remyelination for White Matter Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via SCL22A17 Receptor/Early Growth Response Protein 1 Signaling. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1457-1475. [PMID: 35817941 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00906-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient remyelination due to impaired oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and maturation is strongly associated with irreversible white matter injury (WMI) and neurological deficits. We analyzed whole transcriptome expression to elucidate the potential role and underlying mechanism of action of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in OPC differentiation and WMI and identified the receptor SCL22A17 and downstream transcription factor early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) as the key signals contributing to LCN2-mediated insufficient OPC remyelination. In LCN-knockdown and OPC EGR1 conditional-knockout mice, we discovered enhanced OPC differentiation in developing and injured white matter (WM); consistent with this, the specific inactivation of LCN2/SCl22A17/EGR1 signaling promoted remyelination and neurological recovery in both atypical, acute WMI due to subarachnoid hemorrhage and typical, chronic WMI due to multiple sclerosis. This potentially represents a novel strategy to enhance differentiation and remyelination in patients with white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xufang Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Pengyu Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huaizhen Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chaojun Li
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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Shin HJ, Jin Z, An HS, Park G, Lee JY, Lee SJ, Jang HM, Jeong EA, Kim KE, Lee J, Yoo DY, Roh GS. Lipocalin-2 Deficiency Reduces Hepatic and Hippocampal Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 Expressions in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070878. [PMID: 35884685 PMCID: PMC9312821 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute-phase protein that has been linked to insulin resistance, diabetes, and neuroinflammatory diseases. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) has been also implicated in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. However, the potential role of LCN2 on TREM2 in diabetic mouse models is not fully understood. Methods: We investigated hepatic and hippocampal TREM2 expressions in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic LCN2 knockout (KO) mice. Results: In addition to increased serum LCN2 level, diabetic wild-type (WT) mice had insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. However, LCN2 deletion attenuated these metabolic parameters in diabetic mice. We also found that LCN2 deletion reduced hepatic inflammation and microglial activation in diabetic mice. In particular, diabetic LCN2 KO mice had a reduction in hepatic and hippocampal TREM2 expressions compared with diabetic WT mice. Furthermore, we found that many TREM2-positive Kupffer cells and microglia in diabetic WT mice were reduced through LCN2 deletion. Conclusions: These findings indicate that LCN2 may promote hepatic inflammation and microglial activation via upregulation of TREM2 in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (Z.J.); (G.P.)
| | - Hyeong Seok An
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
| | - Gyeongah Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (Z.J.); (G.P.)
| | - Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
| | - Hye Min Jang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
| | - Eun Ae Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (J.Y.L.); (S.J.L.); (H.M.J.); (E.A.J.); (K.E.K.); (J.L.); (D.Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-8035
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Poitras T, Singh V, Piragasam RS, Wang X, Mannaa AM, Chandrasekhar A, Martinez J, Fahlman R, Zochodne DW. Repurposed major urinary protein pheromones and adult sensory neurons: roles in neuron plasticity and experimental diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E53-E68. [PMID: 35635311 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00001.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major urinary proteins (MUPs), members of the broader lipocalin protein family, are classified as pheromones that are excreted in male rodent urine to define conspecific territoriality. In screening for differentially regulated mRNA transcripts in a mouse model of type 1 experimental diabetes mellitus (DM), we identified an unexpected upregulation of several closely related MUP transcripts within diabetic sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Both sexes expressed overall MUP protein content as identified by an antibody widely targeting these upregulated family members, and immunohistochemistry identified expression within neurons, satellite glial cells, and Schwann cells. In dissociated adult sensory neurons, knockdown by an siRNA targeting upregulated MUP mRNAs, enhanced neurite outgrowth, indicating a growth-suppressive role, an impact that was synergistic with subnanomolar insulin neuronal signaling. While MUP knockdown did not generate rises in insulin signaling transcripts, the protein did bind to several mitochondrial and glial targets in DRG lysates. Analysis of a protein closely related to MUPs but that is expressed in humans, lipocalin-2, also suppressed growth, but its impact was unrelated to insulin. In a model of chronic type 1 DM, MUP siRNA knockdown improved electrophysiological and behavioral abnormalities of experimental neuropathy. MUPs have actions beyond pheromone signaling in rodents that involve suppression of growth plasticity of sensory neurons. Its hitherto unanticipated actions overlap with those of lipocalin-2 and may identify a common and widely mediated impact on neuron growth properties by members of the lipocalin family. Knockdown of MUP supports the trophic actions of insulin as a strategy that may improve features of type 1 experimental diabetic neuropathy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY New molecular mechanisms are important to unravel and understand diabetic polyneuropathy, a disorder prevalent in over half of persons with diabetes mellitus (DM). MUPs, members of the lipocalin family of molecules, have an unexpected impact on the plasticity of sensory neurons that are targeted in type 1 experimental diabetic neuropathy. This work explores this potential target in neuropathy in the context of the lipocalin family of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Poitras
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vandana Singh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Xiuling Wang
- Southern Alberta Microarray Facility, Department Biochemistry and Molecular. Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atef M Mannaa
- INSERM U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire & Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Ambika Chandrasekhar
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jose Martinez
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Borges JMP, de Jesus LB, Dos Santos Souza C, da Silva VDA, Costa SL, de Fátima Dias Costa M, El-Bachá RS. Astrocyte Reaction to Catechol-Induced Cytotoxicity Relies on the Contact with Microglia Before Isolation. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:973-994. [PMID: 35708826 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes preserve the brain microenvironment homeostasis in order to protect other brain cells, mainly neurons, against damages. Glial cells have specific functions that are important in the context of neuronal survival in different models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Microglia are among these cells, secreting several molecules that can modulate astrocyte functions. Although 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol) is a neurotoxic monoaromatic compound of exogenous origin, several endogenous molecules also present the catechol group. This study compared two methods to obtain astrocyte-enriched cultures from newborn Wistar rats of both sexes. In the first technique (P1), microglial cells began to be removed early 48 h after primary mixed glial cultures were plated. In the second one (P2), microglial cells were late removed 7 to 10 days after plating. Both cultures were exposed to catechol for 72 h. Catechol was more cytotoxic to P1 cultures than to P2, decreasing cellularity and changing the cell morphology. Microglial-conditioned medium (MCM) protected P1 cultures and inhibited the catechol autoxidation. P2 cultures, as well as P1 in the presence of 20% MCM, presented long, dense, and fibrillary processes positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, which retracted the cytoplasm when exposed to catechol. The Ngf and Il1beta transcription increased in P1, meanwhile astrocytes expressed more Il10 in P2. Catechol decreased Bdnf and Il10 in P2 cultures, and it decreased the expression of Il1beta in both conditions. A prolonged contact with microglia before isolation of astrocyte-enriched cultures modifies astrocyte functions and morphology, protecting these cells against catechol-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Maria Pereira Borges
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil. .,Department of Science and Technology, Southwest Bahia State University (UESB), 45.208-409, Jequie, BA, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Bacelar de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Ramon Santos El-Bachá
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil.
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Lipocalin2 as a useful biomarker for risk stratification in patients with acute cholangitis: A single-center prospective and observational study. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 533:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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39
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Xiang X, Tang X, Yu Y, Xie S, Liu L, Chen M, Zhang R, Kang X, Zheng Y, Yang G, Gan S, Zhu S. Role of lipocalin-2 in surgery-induced cognitive decline in mice: a signal from neuron to microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:92. [PMID: 35413913 PMCID: PMC9006597 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common complications observed among surgical patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is one of the major contributors to the development of PNDs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS qPCR and ELISA analysis were used for detecting LCN2 and cytokine levels. cx3cr1CreER/-:: R26iDTR/- crossed mouse line was used for microglia depletion; intracranial injection of recombinant LCN2 (rLCN2) and adeno-associated viruses (AAV)-mediated shRNA silencing approaches were used for gain and loss of function, respectively. Combing with in vitro microglia cell culture, we have studied the role of LCN2 in surgery-induced cognitive decline in mice. RESULTS We revealed that Lcn2 mRNA and protein levels were greatly increased in mouse hippocampal neurons after surgery. This surgery-induced elevation of LCN2 was independent of the presence of microglia. Gain of function by intracranial injection of rLCN2 protein into hippocampus disrupted fear memory in naive mice without surgery. Conversely, silencing LCN2 in hippocampus by AAV-shRNA protected mice from surgery-induced microglia morphological changes, neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. In vitro, application of rLCN2 protein induced the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in both BV-2 and primary microglia culture. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest LCN2 acts as a signal from neuron to induce proinflammatory microglia, which contributes to surgery-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwu Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulan Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - ManLi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueying Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shuyuan Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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Astroglial and oligodendroglial markers in the cuprizone animal model for de- and remyelination. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:15-38. [PMID: 35380252 PMCID: PMC9246805 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myelin loss with consecutive axon degeneration and impaired remyelination are the underlying causes of progressive disease in patients with multiple sclerosis. Astrocytes are suggested to play a major role in these processes. The unmasking of distinct astrocyte identities in health and disease would help to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms in which astrocytes are involved. However, the number of specific astrocyte markers is limited. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical studies and analyzed various markers including GFAP, vimentin, S100B, ALDH1L1, and LCN2 during de- and remyelination using the toxic murine cuprizone animal model. Applying this animal model, we were able to confirm overlapping expression of vimentin and GFAP and highlighted the potential of ALDH1L1 as a pan-astrocytic marker, in agreement with previous data. Only a small population of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the corpus callosum highly up-regulated LCN2 at the peak of demyelination and S100B expression was found in a subset of oligodendroglia as well, thus S100B turned out to have a limited use as a particular astroglial marker. Additionally, numerous GFAP-positive astrocytes in the lateral corpus callosum did not express S100B, further strengthening findings of heterogeneity in the astrocytic population. In conclusion, our results acknowledged that GFAP, vimentin, LCN2, and ALDH1L1 serve as reliable marker to identify activated astrocytes during cuprizone-induced de- and remyelination. Moreover, there were clear regional and temporal differences in protein and mRNA expression levels and patterns of the studied markers, generally between gray and white matter structures.
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Li TR, Yang Q, Hu X, Han Y. Biomarkers and Tools for Predicting Alzheimer's Disease in the Preclinical Stage. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:713-737. [PMID: 34030620 PMCID: PMC9878962 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210524153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the only leading cause of death for which no disease-modifying therapy is currently available. Over the past decade, a string of disappointing clinical trial results has forced us to shift our focus to the preclinical stage of AD, which represents the most promising therapeutic window. However, the accurate diagnosis of preclinical AD requires the presence of brain β- amyloid deposition determined by cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid-positron emission tomography, significantly limiting routine screening and diagnosis in non-tertiary hospital settings. Thus, an easily accessible marker or tool with high sensitivity and specificity is highly needed. Recently, it has been discovered that individuals in the late stage of preclinical AD may not be truly "asymptomatic" in that they may have already developed subtle or subjective cognitive decline. In addition, advances in bloodderived biomarker studies have also allowed the detection of pathologic changes in preclinical AD. Exosomes, as cell-to-cell communication messengers, can reflect the functional changes of their source cell. Methodological advances have made it possible to extract brain-derived exosomes from peripheral blood, making exosomes an emerging biomarker carrier and liquid biopsy tool for preclinical AD. The eye and its associated structures have rich sensory-motor innervation. In this regard, studies have indicated that they may also provide reliable markers. Here, our report covers the current state of knowledge of neuropsychological and eye tests as screening tools for preclinical AD and assesses the value of blood and brain-derived exosomes as carriers of biomarkers in conjunction with the current diagnostic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, 50924, Germany
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China;,Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China;,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China;,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China;,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Tel: +86 13621011941; E-mail:
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Kalinin S, Boullerne AI, Feinstein DL. Serum levels of lipocalin-2 are elevated at early times in African American relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 364:577810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Kabiraj P, Grund EM, Clarkson BDS, Johnson RK, LaFrance-Corey RG, Lucchinetti CF, Howe CL. Teriflunomide shifts the astrocytic bioenergetic profile from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis and attenuates TNFα-induced inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3049. [PMID: 35197552 PMCID: PMC8866412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes utilize both glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways to power cellular processes that are vital to maintaining normal CNS functions. These cells also mount inflammatory and acute phase reactive programs in response to diverse stimuli. While the metabolic functions of astrocytes under homeostatic conditions are well-studied, the role of cellular bioenergetics in astrocyte reactivity is poorly understood. Teriflunomide exerts immunomodulatory effects in diseases such as multiple sclerosis by metabolically reprogramming lymphocytes and myeloid cells. We hypothesized that teriflunomide would constrain astrocytic inflammatory responses. Purified murine astrocytes were grown under serum-free conditions to prevent acquisition of a spontaneous reactive state. Stimulation with TNFα activated NFκB and increased secretion of Lcn2. TNFα stimulation increased basal respiration, maximal respiration, and ATP production in astrocytes, as assessed by oxygen consumption rate. TNFα also increased glycolytic reserve and glycolytic capacity of astrocytes but did not change the basal glycolytic rate, as assessed by measuring the extracellular acidification rate. TNFα specifically increased mitochondrial ATP production and secretion of Lcn2 required ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase via teriflunomide transiently increased both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in quiescent astrocytes, but only the increased glycolytic ATP production was sustained over time, resulting in a bias away from mitochondrial ATP production even at doses down to 1 μM. Preconditioning with teriflunomide prevented the TNFα-induced skew toward oxidative phosphorylation, reduced mitochondrial ATP production, and reduced astrocytic inflammatory responses, suggesting that this drug may limit neuroinflammation by acting as a metabolomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Kabiraj
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ethan M Grund
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Graduate School Neuroscience PhD Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin D S Clarkson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Renee K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Reghann G LaFrance-Corey
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Charles L Howe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Nikaido Y, Midorikawa Y, Furukawa T, Shimoyama S, Takekawa D, Kitayama M, Ueno S, Kushikata T, Hirota K. The role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and iron homeostasis in object recognition impairment in aged sepsis-survivor rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:249. [PMID: 34997032 PMCID: PMC8742111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adult patients with sepsis frequently experience cognitive impairment. The roles of brain neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and iron in older sepsis patients remain unknown. We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis on novel object recognition test, NGAL levels, an inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels, and iron ion levels in the hippocampus and cortex of young and aged rats. The effect of an iron chelator deferoxamine pretreatment on aged sepsis rats was also examined. Young sepsis-survivor rats did not show impaired novel object recognition, TNFα responses, or a Fe2+/Fe3+ imbalance. They showed hippocampal and cortical NGAL level elevations. Aged sepsis-survivor rats displayed a decreased object discrimination index, elevation of NGAL levels and Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio, and no TNFα responses. Pretreatment with deferoxamine prevented the reduction in the object recognition of aged sepsis-survivor rats. The elevation in hippocampal and cortical NGAL levels caused by lipopolysaccharide was not influenced by deferoxamine pretreatment. The lipopolysaccharide-induced Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio elevation was blocked by deferoxamine pretreatment. In conclusion, our findings suggest that iron homeostasis in the cortex and hippocampus contributes to the maintenance of object recognition ability in older sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Department of Frailty Research and Prevention, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan.
| | - Yoko Midorikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan
| | - Tomonori Furukawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan
| | - Shuji Shimoyama
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan
| | - Daiki Takekawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan
| | - Masato Kitayama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kushikata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 0368562, Japan
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Alhassen S, Senel M, Alachkar A. Surface Plasmon Resonance Identifies High-Affinity Binding of l-DOPA to Siderocalin/Lipocalin-2 through Iron-Siderophore Action: Implications for Parkinson's Disease Treatment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:158-165. [PMID: 34939797 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), the dopamine precursor, remains the frontline treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). With the treatment progress, l-DOPA efficacy decreases, necessitating higher and more frequent doses, with higher risks of dyskinesia. l-DOPA chelates iron through its catechol group, forming the l-DOPA:Fe complex; however, the fate of this complex is unknown. Catechol siderophore-like compounds are known to bind siderocalin (Scn)/lipocalin-2 to form stable siderophore:Fe:Scn complexes. Scn is upregulated in PD patients' substantia nigra and may play a role in PD pathophysiology. Therefore, in this study, we used the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique to examine the binding properties of l-DOPA to Scn. We found that l-DOPA formed a stable complex with Scn in the presence of Fe3+. Our analysis of the binding properties of l-DOPA precursors and metabolites indicates that the catechol group is necessary but not sufficient to form a stable complex with Scn. Finally, the affinity constant (Kd) of DOPA:Fe3+ binding with Scn (0.8 μM) was lower than l-DOPA plasma peak concentrations in l-DOPA preparations in the past six decades. Our results speculate a significant role for the l-DOPA-Scn complex in the decreased bioavailability of l-DOPA with the progress of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mehmet Senel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- UC Irvine Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Wei L, Du Y, Xie Y, Yu X, Chen H, Qiu Y. Lipocalin-2 Regulates Hippocampal Microglial Activation in Poststroke Depression. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:798335. [PMID: 34966272 PMCID: PMC8710735 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.798335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Microglia play important role in poststroke depression (PSD), however, the exact mechanism was still unclear. The purpose of the study was to study the mechanism of microglial activation in PSD. Methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups: the PSD group (n = 10), the poststroke (PS) group (n = 7), and the sham group (n = 7). Primary hippocampal microglia were isolated and cultured, and recombined LCN2 protein was used to stimulate the cultured microglia. The protein expression of Iba1, P38 MAPK and PP38 MAPK was analyzed by western blotting; the LCN2 expression was measured by RT-qPCR, the serum LCN2 level and the NO level were analyzed by ELISA. Results: Open field test scores (horizontal score, vertical score, and self-grooming score) and the serum LCN2 level were significantly decreased in the PSD group compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). The serum LCN2 level was positively correlated with the horizontal score and negatively correlated with the self-grooming score in the open field test (P < 0.05). The relative protein level of Iba1 and the LCN2 mRNA level were significantly increased in the hippocampal region compared with other brain regions (P < 0.05), while the relative protein level of Iba1 and the LCN2 mRNA level were significantly increased in the PSD group compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). The length, supernatant NO level, phagocytic ability and migration ability of LCN2-treated microglia were significantly increased compared with those of untreated microglia (P < 0.05). The relative protein levels of P38 MAPK and the PP38 MAPK significantly increased in hippocampal region in the PSD group and LCN2-treated hippocampal microglia (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hippocampal microglia are activated during PSD; LCN2 may regulate hippocampal microglial activation by the P38 MAPK pathway in the process of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yirui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Tsai CF, Chen GW, Chen YC, Shen CK, Lu DY, Yang LY, Chen JH, Yeh WL. Regulatory Effects of Quercetin on M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and Oxidative/Antioxidative Balance. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010067. [PMID: 35010945 PMCID: PMC8746507 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays essential and diverse roles in most diseases, such as atherosclerosis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Homeostasis dysfunction in M1/M2 macrophage polarization causes pathological conditions and inflammation. Neuroinflammation is characterized by microglial activation and the concomitant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to numerous neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Decreased neuroinflammation can be obtained by using natural compounds, including flavonoids, which are known to ameliorate inflammatory responses. Among flavonoids, quercetin possesses multiple pharmacological applications and regulates several biological activities. In the present study, we found that quercetin effectively inhibited the expression of lipocalin-2 in both macrophages and microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, were also attenuated by quercetin treatment. Our results also showed that quercetin significantly reduced the expression levels of the M1 markers, such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β, in the macrophages and microglia. The M1 polarization-associated chemokines, C–C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)-2 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-10, were also effectively reduced by the quercetin treatment. In addition, quercetin markedly reduced the production of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microglia. The microglial phagocytic ability induced by the LPS was also effectively reduced by the quercetin treatment. Importantly, the quercetin increased the expression levels of the M2 marker, IL-10, and the endogenous antioxidants, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). The enhancement of the M2 markers and endogenous antioxidants by quercetin was activated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt signaling pathways. Together, our study reported that the quercetin inhibited the effects of M1 polarization, including neuroinflammatory responses, ROS production, and phagocytosis. Moreover, the quercetin enhanced the M2 macrophage polarization and endogenous antioxidant expression in both macrophages and microglia. Our findings provide valuable information that quercetin may act as a potential drug for the treatment of diseases related to inflammatory disorders in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.T.); (W.-L.Y.)
| | - Guan-Wei Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.T.); (W.-L.Y.)
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Jeong EA, Lee J, Shin HJ, Lee JY, Kim KE, An HS, Kim DR, Choi KY, Lee KH, Roh GS. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein promotes diabetic neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via upregulation of lipocalin-2. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:278. [PMID: 34844610 PMCID: PMC8628424 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic individuals have increased circulating inflammatory mediators which are implicated as underlying causes of neuroinflammation and memory deficits. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) promotes diabetic neuroinflammation. However, the precise role of TonEBP in the diabetic brain is not fully understood. Methods We employed a high-fat diet (HFD)-only fed mice or HFD/streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice in our diabetic mouse models. Circulating TonEBP and lipocalin-2 (LCN2) levels were measured in type 2 diabetic subjects. TonEBP haploinsufficient mice were used to investigate the role of TonEBP in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages were given a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/high glucose (HG) treatment. Using a siRNA, we examined the effects of TonEBP knockdown on RAW264 cell’ medium/HG-treated mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Results Circulating TonEBP and LCN2 levels were higher in experimental diabetic mice or type 2 diabetic patients with cognitive impairment. TonEBP haploinsufficiency ameliorated the diabetic phenotypes including adipose tissue macrophage infiltrations, neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier leakage, and memory deficits. Systemic and hippocampal LCN2 proteins were reduced in diabetic mice by TonEBP haploinsufficiency. TonEBP (+ / −) mice had a reduction of hippocampal heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression compared to diabetic wild-type mice. In particular, we found that TonEBP bound to the LCN2 promoter in the diabetic hippocampus, and this binding was abolished by TonEBP haploinsufficiency. Furthermore, TonEBP knockdown attenuated LCN2 expression in lipopolysaccharide/high glucose-treated mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Conclusions These findings indicate that TonEBP may promote neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via upregulation of LCN2 in diabetic mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02331-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ae Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok An
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea. .,Aging Neuroscience Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Chen YH, Xie SY, Chen CW, Lu DY. Electroacupuncture improves repeated social defeat stress-elicited social avoidance and anxiety-like behaviors by reducing Lipocalin-2 in the hippocampus. Mol Brain 2021; 14:150. [PMID: 34565419 PMCID: PMC8474847 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related disorder that is associated with pro-inflammatory activation and neurobiological impairments in the brain and leads to a series of affective-like behaviors. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proposed as a clinically useful therapy for several brain diseases. However, the potential role of EA treatment in PTSD and its molecular and cellular mechanisms has rarely been investigated. Methods We used an established preclinical social defeat stress mouse model to study whether EA treatment modulates PTSD-like symptoms and understand its underlying mechanisms. To this end, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) for 6 consecutive days to induce symptoms of PTSD and treated with EA at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) acupoints. Results The stimulation of EA, but not needle insertion at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) acupoints effectively improved PTSD-like behaviors such as, social avoidance and anxiety-like behaviors. However, EA stimulation at the bilateral Tianzong (SI11) acupoints did not affect the PTSD-like behaviors obtained by RSDS. EA stimulation also markedly inhibited astrocyte activation in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampi of RSDS-treated mice. Using next-generation sequencing analysis, our results showed that EA stimulation attenuated RSDS-enhanced lipocalin 2 expression in the hippocampus. Importantly, using double-staining immunofluorescence, we observed that the increased lipocalin 2 expression in astrocytes by RSDS was also reduced by EA stimulation. In addition, intracerebroventricular injection of mouse recombinant lipocalin 2 protein in the lateral ventricles provoked social avoidance, anxiety-like behaviors, and the activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the overexpression of lipocalin 2 in the brain also altered the expression of stress-related genes, including monoamine oxidase A, monoamine oxidase B, mineralocorticoid receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus. Conclusions This study suggests that the treatment of EA at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) acupoints improves RSDS-induced social avoidance, anxiety-like behaviors, astrocyte activation, and lipocalin 2 expression. Furthermore, our findings also indicate that lipocalin 2 expression in the brain may be an important biomarker for the development of PTSD-related symptoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13041-021-00860-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yun Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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50
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Liu H, Wan X, Shi Y, Huang F, Shu H, Huang R, Gu L. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Contributes to Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Death After Acute Coronary Syndrome. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:4887-4895. [PMID: 34475780 PMCID: PMC8407785 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s328022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been suggested to reflect early renal dysfunction. We investigated the predictive significance of serum NGAL in predicting cardiovascular (CV) death in an old-age population with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods In total, 633 CHD patients with a stable clinical condition were enrolled. The measurements of serum NGAL and other laboratory indices were performed within 24 hours after admission. Adjusted analysis was used to assess relationships between serum NGAL and CV death during the 10-year follow-up period. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that elevated NGAL levels were related to a higher prevalence of CV disease history [quartile 4, 2.41 (1.60–4.59), P-trend <0.001]. The Kaplan–Meier curve indicated that patients with high NGAL levels tended to have a higher rate of CV death than patients with low NGAL levels. A multivariate Cox model suggested that increased levels of NGAL were independently linked with elevated risk of CV death (HR=2.62, 95% CI 1.51–4.96, P<0.001) during the 10-year follow-up period, after adjusting for related confounding factors using sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve demonstrated that serum NGAL (AUC=0.917, 95% CI 0.895–0.940, P<0.001) had an ideal predictive value in predicting CV death. Conclusion Serum levels of NGAL were elevated in patients with CHD and may be a new parameter that could independently predict CV death in these patients, which may strengthen its potential application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huogen Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fu'an City, Fujian Province, 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fu'an City, Fujian Province, 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yundi Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fu'an City, Fujian Province, 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengming Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fu'an City, Fujian Province, 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Shu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fu'an City, Fujian Province, 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rijin Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fu'an City, Fujian Province, 355000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fu'an City, Fujian Province, 355000, People's Republic of China
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