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Yu J, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI, Mansor NS. The inhibitory control deficit of internet gaming disorder: An Event-Related Potentials(ERPs) study. Behav Brain Res 2024; 476:115253. [PMID: 39313075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary difficulty and challenge encountered by individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is inhibitory control deficit. Given that different types of inhibitory control have different effects on IGD patients, it is critical to investigate the neurological cognitive processes underlying various inhibitory control problems. METHODS The IGD-20 questionnaire was used to identify Internet game disorder and healthy control group, and finally Internet game disorder in (n=25) and healthy control group (n=28) in Flanker task, Internet game disorder (n=29) and health control group (n=24) in GO/NOGO task. The Flanker task was employed to investigate distractor interference inhibition control in those with IGD, while the Go/NoGo task was used to measure their prepotent response inhibitory control. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to evaluate the brain mechanisms difference of both IGD and healthy participants during these different inhibitory control tasks. RESULTS Findings indicate that compared to healthy control subjects, individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) have deficits in inhibitory control tasks during both distraction inhibition and prepotent response inhibition tasks, and distraction inhibition occurs earlier than prepotent response inhibition. In distraction inhibition tasks, the IGD group's N2 amplitude is significantly lower than the healthy control groups. In prepotent response inhibition, the N2 amplitude provoked in the IGD group is not only significantly lower than in the healthy control group, but the P3 amplitude is also significantly larger in the IGD group. The main brain activity areas of interference inhibitory control are the frontal lobe and prefrontal lobe, while the main brain activity areas of prepotent response inhibitory control are the frontal lobe and occipital lobe. CONCLUSION The present study concentrates on the differential neurophysiological characteristics observed in individuals with Internet gaming problems, notably the ability to avoid distractions and prepotent reactions. The current research provides foundations for the assessment and development of tailored therapy and treatment methods to address the wide variety of cognitive problems reported in individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Yu
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Nor Shuhada Mansor
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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Skok K, Waszkiewicz N. Biomarkers of Internet Gaming Disorder-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5110. [PMID: 39274323 PMCID: PMC11396063 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Since game mechanics and their visual aspects have become more and more addictive, there is concern about the growing prevalence of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). In the current narrative review, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the keywords "igd biomarker gaming" and terms related to biomarker modalities. The biomarkers we found are grouped into several categories based on a measurement method and are discussed in the light of theoretical addiction models (tripartite neurocognitive model, I-PACE). Both theories point to gaming-related problems with salience and inhibition. The first dysfunction makes an individual more susceptible to game stimuli (raised reward seeking), and the second negatively impacts resistance to these stimuli (decreased cognitive control). The IGD patients' hypersensitivity to reward manifests mostly in ventral striatum (VS) measurements. However, there is also empirical support for a ventral-to-dorsal striatal shift and transition from goal-directed to habitual behaviors. The deficits in executive control are demonstrated in parameters related to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In general, the connection of PFC with reward under cortex nuclei seems to be dysregulated. Other biomarkers include reduced P3 amplitudes, high-frequency heart rate variability (HRV), and the number of eye blinks and saccadic eye movements during the non-resting state. A few studies propose a diagnostic (multimodal) model of IGD. The current review also comments on inconsistencies in findings in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and precuneus and makes suggestions for future IGD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skok
- Faculty of Education, University of Bialystok, ul. Świerkowa 20, 15-328 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland
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Wang X, Wang C, Liu J, Guo J, Miao P, Wei Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang K, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Ren C. Altered cerebellar-cerebral dynamic functional connectivity in patients with pontine stroke: a resting-state fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00908-4. [PMID: 39179736 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Potential changes in patterns of dynamic functional network connections at the cerebellar-cerebral level in pontine infarction (PI) patients remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate the abnormal patterns of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between the cerebellar subregions within networks and regions of the cerebral cortex in patients with PI. Forty-six chronic left pontine infarction (LPI), 32 chronic right pontine infarction (RPI), and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited to undergo resting-state fMRI scans. Cerebellar-cerebral dFC was characterized using the sliding window method and seed-based connectivity analyses. Correlations between altered dFC values and clinical variables (The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Flanker task) in PI patients and healthy controls were investigated. Compared with HCs, the PI groups showed significantly aberrant cerebellar-cerebral dFC between cerebellar subregions within networks and supratentorial cerebral cortex, including executive, default-mode, and motor networks. Furthermore, Correlation analysis showed a decoupling between abnormal dFC and cognitive functions in PI patients. These findings indicate that PI patients are accompanied by damage to cerebellar subregions within networks and cerebellar-cerebral pathways, which may provide a potential target for treatment or an indication of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of MRI, Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of MRI, Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peifang Miao
- Department of MRI, Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of MRI, Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of MRI, Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- GE Healthcare MR Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Department of MRI, Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Ngetich R, Villalba-García C, Soborun Y, Vékony T, Czakó A, Demetrovics Z, Németh D. Learning and memory processes in behavioural addiction: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105747. [PMID: 38870547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Similar to addictive substances, addictive behaviours such as gambling and gaming are associated with maladaptive modulation of key brain areas and functional networks implicated in learning and memory. Therefore, this review sought to understand how different learning and memory processes relate to behavioural addictions and to unravel their underlying neural mechanisms. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched four databases - PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the agreed-upon search string. Findings suggest altered executive function-dependent learning processes and enhanced habit learning in behavioural addiction. Whereas the relationship between working memory and behavioural addiction is influenced by addiction type, working memory aspect, and task nature. Additionally, long-term memory is incoherent in individuals with addictive behaviours. Consistently, neurophysiological evidence indicates alterations in brain areas and networks implicated in learning and memory processes in behavioural addictions. Overall, the present review argues that, like substance use disorders, alteration in learning and memory processes may underlie the development and maintenance of behavioural addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ngetich
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | | | - Yanisha Soborun
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Teodóra Vékony
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, INSERM, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France; Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Andrea Czakó
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Dezső Németh
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, INSERM, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France; Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; BML-NAP Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University & Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Turan S, Çıray RO, Tunçtürk M, Halac E, Bilgic B, Ağaç N, Ermiş Ç. Social Information Processing and Executive Functions in Male Children and Adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1063-1072. [PMID: 36441375 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, in addition to its clinical importance, interest in the social-cognitive aspect of internet gaming disorder (IGD) has increased. This study aimed to investigate autistic traits, executive functions, and self-regulation abilities of patients with IGD. Eighty-seven male patients with IGD and eighty-three male healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. All patients were diagnosed with IGD as per the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Healthy controls without any comorbid psychiatric diagnosis were recruited from the community. The Brief Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) were implemented to evaluate autistic traits, executive functions, and self-regulation skills. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form were used to evaluate psychopathology. The effect size of the impairments in executive functions and self-regulation skills was large (Cohen's d = 1.0-2.0). IGD groups had higher levels of autistic traits compared to healthy controls (d = 1.0-1.4). The differences in BDI and BRIEF scores remained significant in logistic regression analysis. Age at illness-onset, total severity of anxiety, and autistic traits were found as significant correlates of deficits in executive functions among patients with IGD. The results of this study supported the higher autistic traits and poorer executive function skills of patients with IGD. Deficits in executive functions were associated with autistic traits and younger age-onset of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey.
| | | | - Mustafa Tunçtürk
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Halac
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Nilay Ağaç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
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Choi J, Choi Y, Jung YC, Lee J, Lee J, Park E, Kim IY. Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 38248419 PMCID: PMC10812970 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Gaming disorder (GD) is an addictive behavior characterized by an insatiable need to play video games and shares similar symptoms with the failure of self-control due to a decline in cognitive function. Current GD diagnostic and screening tools rely on questionnaires and behavioral observations related to cognitive functions to assess an individual's capacity to maintain self-control in everyday life. However, current GD screening approaches rely on subjective symptoms, and a reliable diagnosis requires long-term clinical follow-up. Recent studies have measured biosignals along with cognitive functional tasks to provide objectivity to GD diagnosis and to acquire immediate results. However, people with GD are hypersensitive to game-related cues, so their responses may vary depending on the type of stimuli, and the difference in response to stimuli might manifest as a difference in the degree of change in the biosignal. Therefore, it is critical to choose the correct stimulus type when performing GD diagnostic tasks. In this study, we investigated the task dependence of cognitive decline in GD by comparing two cognitive functional tasks: a continuous performance task (CPT) and video game play. For this study, 69 young male adults were classified into either the gaming disorder group (GD, n = 39) or a healthy control group (HC, n = 30). CPT score, EEG signal (theta, alpha, and beta), and HRV-HF power were assessed. We observed differences in the left frontal region (LF) of the brain between the GD and HC groups during online video game play. The GD group also showed a significant difference in HF power of HRV between CPT and online video gaming. Furthermore, LF and HRV-HF significantly correlated with Young's Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT) score, which is positively associated with impulsivity score. The amount of change in theta band activity in LF and HRV-HF-both biomarkers for changes in cognitive function-during online video game play suggests that people with GD express task-dependent cognitive decline compared with HC. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying individual self-regulation ability for gaming and underscore its importance for GD classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongbong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongshill Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Zhang L, Liu M, Yuan M, Hou M, Yang C, Wang Y, Hao W, Liao Y. The latent profile analysis of Chinese adolescents' gaming disorder: examination and validation. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:833. [PMID: 37957585 PMCID: PMC10644538 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaming disorder is a new disease, which is included in the disease unit of disorder caused by addiction in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. This study examined the symptom characteristics of gaming disorders in Chinese adolescents using the latent profile analysis. METHODS Totally, 5988 students (including 3285 boys and 2703 girls; aged 12-18 years) from junior high schools and senior high schools were enrolled. The Gaming Disorder Symptom Questionnaire-21 (GDSQ-21) was used to screen gaming disorder. A latent profile analysis was used for classifying the subgroups based on the extent of gaming usage. The relationship between adolescent gamers and demographic variables was analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS The results of latent profile analysis supported the models of four latent profiles, which were defined as healthy gamers (Profile 1, 56.83%), impaired control gamers (Profile 2, 26.09%), impaired control-game priority gamers (Profile 3, 9.72%) and gamers with disorder (Profile 4, 7.36%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis found that, compared with girls, boys were more likely to be classified into the group dominated by the impaired gamers, the impaired control-game priority gamers, and the gamers with disorder. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted that the latent profile analysis identified four different groups of adolescent gamers, showing a clearer conceptualization of heterogeneous gamers. Gender and average weekly gaming time can predict the latent profile of adolescents. Our findings may facilitate the design of individualized assessment and early intervention programs for adolescent gamer users based on different gaming usage symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Mutian Hou
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Ban M, Wang D, He J, Zhu X, Yuan F. Executive function deficit in betel quid-dependence: Evidence from functional and effective connectivity of executive control network. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13341. [PMID: 37855074 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) ranks fourth in global self-administered psychoactive agents, after caffeine, alcohol and nicotine, with 600 million consumers. Patients with BQ dependence (BQD) disorder demonstrate deficits in executive function. However, the neural correlates of the resting-state executive control network (ECN) and BQD-related pathopsychological characteristics still remain unclear. The present study aimed to assess the functional and effective connectivity of the ECN using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Fifty-five BQD individuals and 54 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. The executive function of all participants was tested by three tasks. Independent component and Granger causal analysis were employed to investigate the functional connectivity within ECN and ECN-related directional effective connectivity, separately. Behavioural results suggested a marked deficit of executive function in BQD individuals. Compared with HCs, BQD individuals showed overall weaker functional connectivity in the ECN, mainly including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). We observed decreased outflow of information from the right DLPFC and IPL to the precentral/pre-supplement motor area (SMA) and increased outflow of information from the MFG to the middle occipital gyrus in BQD individuals. Correlation analysis revealed that the effective connectivity from IPL to precentral/pre-SMA was negatively correlated to the BQD scales in BQD individuals. Our findings revealed impaired executive function, functional connectivity of the ECN and causal interaction between networks in patients with BQD. These results could potentially direct future targets for the prevention and intervention of BQD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Ban
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongcui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jincheng He
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Singhand Intelligent Data Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Fulai Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhu L, Zhu Y, Li S, Jiang Y, Mei X, Wang Y, Yang D, Zhao J, Mu L, Wang W. Association of internet gaming disorder with impulsivity: role of risk preferences. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:754. [PMID: 37845703 PMCID: PMC10580621 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a formal mental disorder leading to personal and social impairment. Although it shares similar physical and psychosocial effects to substance use disorder, the psychological mechanisms underlying IGD remain unclear, although several researches have made significant contributions to its understanding. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between IGD, impulsive personality and risk preference of medical college students in China, from a questionnaire-based investigation. METHODS Based on the cluster random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among medical college students in Northern Anhui, China from September 3 to October 27, 2020. The questionnaires included the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGD-20), Chinese revised of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), and risk appetite index (RPI). Perform independent sample t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and moderating effect analysis using SPSS 23.0. P < 0. 05 is considered statistically significant. RESULTS 624 participants completed the survey, including 257 males (41.19%) and 367 females (58.81%). All participants were between 18 and 24 years. We found that in IGD and its six different dimensions and RPI, males scored significantly higher than females. Additionally, our finding revealed there is statistical significance in IGD and impulsiveness between gaming group with game time greater than or equal to 4 h and non-gaming group. The IGD and its six different dimensions, among which all except for mood modification are positively correlated with impulsiveness and RPI. Mediating effects indicate that RPI plays a partial mediating role between motor impulsiveness and IGD. CONCLUSION The findings shows that there is a certain relationship between impulsivity and RPI, as well as IGD and its dimensions. RPI may be a mediator between impulsivity and IGD, and men have higher IGD. The findings supported the compensatory hypothesis. These findings may contribute to further research and development of intervention and prevention measures for IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Yulian Jiang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xian Mei
- School of Qian Xuesen College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Dengxian Yang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Linlin Mu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China.
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Ngetich R, Burleigh TL, Czakó A, Vékony T, Németh D, Demetrovics Z. Working memory performance in disordered gambling and gaming: A systematic review. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 126:152408. [PMID: 37573802 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence supports that gaming and gambling disorders are associated with executive dysfunction. The involvement of different components of executive functions (EF) in these forms of behavioural addiction is unclear. AIM In a systematic review, we aim to uncover the association between working memory (WM), a crucial component of EF, and disordered gaming and gambling. Note that, in the context of this review, gaming has been used synonymously with video gaming. METHODS Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we systematically searched for studies published from 2012 onwards. RESULTS The search yielded 6081 records after removing duplicates, from which 17 peer-reviewed journal articles were eligible for inclusion. The association between WM and problem or disordered gaming and gambling have been categorized separately to observe possible differences. Essentially, problem gaming or gambling, compared to disorder, presents lesser severity and clinical significance. The results demonstrate reduced auditory-verbal WM in individuals with gambling disorder. Decreased WM capacity was also associated with problem gambling, with a correlation between problem gambling severity and decreased WM capacity. Similarly, gaming disorder was associated with decreased WM. Specifically, gaming disorder patients had lower WM capacity than the healthy controls. CONCLUSION Working memory seems to be a significant predictor of gambling and gaming disorders. Therefore, holistic treatment approaches that incorporate cognitive techniques that could enhance working memory may significantly boost gambling and gaming disorders treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ngetich
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Tyrone L Burleigh
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Andrea Czakó
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Teodóra Vékony
- INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
| | - Dezso Németh
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France; Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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Moshel ML, Warburton WA, Batchelor J, Bennett JM, Ko KY. Neuropsychological Deficits in Disordered Screen Use Behaviours: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2023:10.1007/s11065-023-09612-4. [PMID: 37695451 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, excessive and disordered screen use has become more prevalent, prompting investigations into its associated consequences. The extent to which disordered screen use behaviours impact neuropsychological functioning has been reportedly mixed and at times inconsistent. This review sought to synthesise the literature and estimate the magnitude of overall cognitive impairment across a wide range of disordered screen use behaviours. We also sought to determine the cognitive domains most impacted, and whether the observed impairments were moderated by the classification of screen-related behaviours (i.e., Internet or gaming) or the format of cognitive test administration (i.e., paper-and-pencil or computerised). A systematic search of databases (Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE) identified 43 cross-sectional articles that assessed neuropsychological performance in disordered screen use populations, 34 of which were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed significant small/medium (g = .38) cognitive deficits for individuals with disordered screen use behaviours relative to controls. The most affected cognitive domain with a significant medium effect size (g = .50) was attention and focus followed by a significant reduction in executive functioning (g = .31). The classification of disordered screen use behaviours into Internet or gaming categories or the format of cognitive testing did not moderate these deficits. Additionally, excluding disordered social media use in an exploratory analysis had little effect on the observed outcomes. This study highlights a number of methodological considerations that may have contributed to disparate findings and shows that disordered screen use can significantly impact cognitive performance. Recommendations for future research are also discussed. Data for this study can be found at https://osf.io/upeha/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michoel L Moshel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wayne A Warburton
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Batchelor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Y Ko
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Zhang K, Li P, Zhao Y, Griffiths MD, Wang J, Zhang MX. Effect of Social Media Addiction on Executive Functioning Among Young Adults: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Disturbance and Sleep Quality. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1911-1920. [PMID: 37255996 PMCID: PMC10226546 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s414625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The increased research examining social media addiction with its negative consequences has raised concerns over the past decade. However, little research has investigated the association between social media addiction and executive functioning as well as the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Methods Using a survey, the present study examined the association between social media addiction and executive functioning via emotional disturbance and sleep quality among 1051 Chinese young adults, aged 18 to 27 years old (M=21.02 years [SD=1.89]; 34.41% male). Results The results showed that social media addiction had a significant negative association with executive functioning but positive associations with emotional disturbance and poor sleep quality. Structural equation modeling suggested that there was a significant direct effect between social media addiction and executive functioning. Indirect effects via two paths (ie, emotional disturbance alone, and both emotional disturbance and sleep quality) were also statistically significant. Discussion The findings indicate that both emotional disturbance and poor sleep quality are risk-enhancing mediators in the relationship between social media addiction and executive functioning. Intervention programs (eg, emotional regulation strategies) should be considered to reduce the adverse effects of social media addiction on cognitive impairment among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Department of Social Psychology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of Social Psychology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Mental Health Education Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Ayub S, Jain L, Parnia S, Bachu A, Farhan R, Kumar H, Sullivan A, Ahmed S. Treatment Modalities for Internet Addiction in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093345. [PMID: 37176784 PMCID: PMC10179495 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the use of the internet among children and adolescents has dramatically increased, leading to growing concerns regarding the potential risks of excessive internet use and addiction. Addressing these concerns, this systematic review aims to summarize current evidence on the effectiveness of treatment interventions for internet addiction among children and adolescents. METHOD We performed a systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar with search terms including "internet addiction", "problematic internet use", "children" or "adolescents", "treatment" and "randomized controlled trial". We found 10 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) meeting the criteria and included them in this systematic review. RESULTS This systematic review analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials focused on treatment interventions for internet addiction in adolescents and young adults. The interventions used were diverse, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, electro-acupuncture (EA), and solution-focused approaches. The measures used to assess the effectiveness of the interventions also varied, but most studies reported moderate to large effect sizes for at least some outcomes. Overall, the studies suggest that interventions such as CBT and EA can be effective in reducing symptoms of internet addiction, internet gaming disorder, and unspecified internet use disorders. School-based programs and brief manualized CBT programs also show promise, though more research is needed to determine their long-term effectiveness. CONCLUSION Promising treatment approaches for internet addiction are emerging, but inconsistencies in conceptualization, language, and diagnostic criteria present some challenges. The growing recognition of problematic internet use, as shown by the DSM-5's recognition of Internet Gaming Disorder, highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach and standardized criteria to facilitate accurate reporting across studies. Continued research is needed to identify effective treatments and diagnostic criteria for internet addiction, with the potential to offer practical insights into effective medications and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Ayub
- Cornerstone Family Healthcare, Newburgh, NY 12550, USA
| | - Lakshit Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Shanli Parnia
- CIMPAR, 101 Madison St. Suite 300, Oak Park, IL 60302, USA
| | - Anil Bachu
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Baptist Health UAMS Hospital, 3500 Springhill, Suite 100, North Little Rock, AR 72116, USA
- AHN Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Institute, 4 Allegheny Center, 8th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Rabeea Farhan
- Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Ln W, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Karachi City 74200, Pakistan
| | - Amanda Sullivan
- Quinnipiac University, 275 Mount Carmel Avenue, Hamden, CT 06518, USA
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Rutland Regional Medical Center, 160 Allen Street, Rutland, VT 05701, USA
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14
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Chen YY, Yim H, Lee TH. Negative impact of daily screen use on inhibitory control network in preadolescence: A two-year follow-up study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101218. [PMID: 36821878 PMCID: PMC9933860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made an unprecedented shift in children's daily lives. Children are increasingly spending time with screens to learn and connect with others. As the online environment rapidly substitutes in-person experience, understanding children's neuropsychological trajectories associated with screen experiences is important. Previous findings suggest that excessive screen use can lead children to prefer more immediate rewards over delayed outcomes. We hypothesized that increased screen time delays a child's development of inhibitory control system in the brain (i.e., fronto-striatal circuitry). By analyzing neuropsychological data from 8324 children (9-11ys) from the ABCD Study, we found that children who had more screen time showed a higher reward orientation and weaker fronto-striatal connectivity. Importantly, we found that the daily screen exposure mediated the effect of reward sensitivity on the development of the inhibitory control system in the brain over a two year period. These findings suggest possible negative long-term impacts of increased daily screen time on children's neuropsychological development. The results further demonstrated that screen time influences dorsal striatum connectivity, which suggests that the effect of daily screen use is a habitual seeking behavior. The study provides neural and behavioral evidence for the negative impact of daily screen use on developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Chen
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hyungwook Yim
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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15
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Henemann GM, Schmitgen MM, Wolf ND, Hirjak D, Kubera KM, Sambataro F, Bach P, Koenig J, Wolf RC. Cognitive domain-independent aberrant frontoparietal network strength in individuals with excessive smartphone use. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 329:111593. [PMID: 36724625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use (ESU) may fulfill criteria for addictive behavior. In contrast to other related behavioral addictions, particularly Internet Gaming Disorder, little is known about the neural correlates underlying ESU. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to acquire task data from three distinct behavioral paradigms, i.e. cue-reactivity, inhibition, and working memory, in individuals with psychometrically defined ESU (n = 19) compared to controls (n-ESU; n = 20). The Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was used to quantify ESU-severity according to a novel five-factor model (SPAI-I). A multivariate data fusion approach, i.e. joint Independent Component Analysis (jICA) was employed to analyze fMRI-data derived from three separate experimental conditions, but analyzed jointly to detect converging and domain-independent neural signatures that differ between persons with vs. those without ESU. Across the three functional tasks, jICA identified a predominantly frontoparietal system that showed lower network strength in individuals with ESU compared to n-ESU (p < 0.05 FDR-corrected). Furthermore, significant associations between frontoparietal network strength and SPAI-I's dimensions "time spent" and "craving" were found. The data suggest a frontoparietal cognitive control network as cognitive domain-independent neural signature of excessive and potentially addictive smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun M Henemann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Mike M Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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16
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Qin J, Wang S, Ni H, Wu Y, Chen L, Guo S, Zhang F, Zhou Z, Tian L. Graph analysis of diffusion tensor imaging-based connectome in young men with internet gaming disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1090224. [PMID: 36798605 PMCID: PMC9926964 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1090224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent evidence suggests that dysfunctional brain organization is associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD), the neuroanatomical alterations related to IGD remain unclear. In this diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study, we aimed to examine alterations in white matter (WM) structural connectomes and their association with IGD characteristics in 47 young men with IGD and in 34 well-matched healthy controls. Two approaches [namely, network-based statistics (NBS) and graph theoretical measures] were applied to assess differences in the specific topological features of the networks and to identify the potential changes in the topological properties, respectively. Furthermore, we explored the association between the alterations and the severity of internet addiction. An NBS analysis revealed widespread alterations of the cortico-limbic-striatal structural connectivity networks in young people with IGD: (1) an increased subnet1 comprising the insula and the regions responsible for visual, auditory, and sensorimotor functions and (2) two decreased subnet2 and subnet3 comprising the insula, striatum, and limbic regions. Additional correlation analysis showed a significant positive association between the mean fractional anisotropy- (FA-) weighted connectivity strength of subnet1 and internet addiction test (IAT) scores in the IGD group. The present study extends our knowledge of the neuroanatomical correlates in IGD and highlights the role of the cortico-limbic-striatal network in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolong Qin
- PCA Lab, Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China,School of Wuxi Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huangjing Ni
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- PCA Lab, Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Chen
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuaiyi Guo
- School of Wuxi Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China,School of Wuxi Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin Tian
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China,School of Wuxi Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China,*Correspondence: Lin Tian,
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17
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Chen H, Dong G, Li K. Overview on brain function enhancement of Internet addicts through exercise intervention: Based on reward-execution-decision cycle. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1094583. [PMID: 36816421 PMCID: PMC9933907 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1094583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) has become an impulse control disorder included in the category of psychiatric disorders. The IA trend significantly increased after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic. IA damages some brain functions in humans. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise exerts beneficial effects on the brain function and cognitive level damaged by IA. This work reviews the neurobiological mechanisms of IA and describes the brain function impairment by IA from three systems: reward, execution, and decision-making. Furthermore, we sort out the research related to exercise intervention on IA and its effect on improving brain function. The internal and external factors that produce IA must be considered when summarizing movement interventions from a behavioral perspective. We can design exercise prescriptions based on exercise interests and achieve the goal of quitting IA. This work explores the possible mechanisms of exercise to improve IA through systematic analysis. Furthermore, this work provides research directions for the future targeted design of exercise prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Sports, Quzhou University, Quzhou, China.,Department of Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Guijun Dong
- Department of Sports, Quzhou University, Quzhou, China.,Department of Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Kefeng Li
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, China
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18
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Eng CM, Pocsai M, Fulton VE, Moron SP, Thiessen ED, Fisher AV. Longitudinal investigation of executive function development employing task-based, teacher reports, and fNIRS multimethodology in 4- to 5-year-old children. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13328. [PMID: 36221252 PMCID: PMC10408588 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased focus on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and the use and accessibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have advanced knowledge on the interconnected nature of neural substrates underlying executive function (EF) development in adults and clinical populations. Less is known about the relationship between rsFC and developmental changes in EF during preschool years in typically developing children, a gap the present study addresses employing task-based assessment, teacher reports, and fNIRS multimethodology. This preregistered study contributes to our understanding of the neural basis of EF development longitudinally with 41 children ages 4-5. Changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) rsFC utilizing fNIRS, EF measured with a common task-based assessment (Day-Night task), and teacher reports of behavior (BRIEF-P) were monitored over multiple timepoints: Initial Assessment, 72 h follow-up, 1 Month Follow-up, and 4 Month Follow-up. Measures of rsFC were strongly correlated 72 h apart, providing evidence of high rsFC measurement reliability using fNIRS with preschool-aged children. PFC rsFC was positively correlated with performance on task-based and report-based EF assessments. Children's PFC functional connectivity at rest uniquely predicted later EF, controlling for verbal IQ, age, and sex. Functional connectivity at rest using fNIRS may potentially show the rapid changes in EF development in young children, not only neurophysiologically, but also as a correlate of task-based EF performance and ecologically-relevant teacher reports of EF in a classroom context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassondra M Eng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa Pocsai
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Virginia E Fulton
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suanna P Moron
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erik D Thiessen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna V Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Chen Z, Zhang R, Xie J, Liu P, Zhang C, Zhao J, Laplante JP, Feng T. Hybrid brain model accurately predict human procrastination behavior. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:1107-1121. [PMID: 36237406 PMCID: PMC9508313 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Procrastination behavior is quite ubiquitous, and should warrant cautions to us owing to its significant influences in poor mental health, low subjective well-beings and bad academic performance. However, how to identify this behavioral problem have not yet to be fully elucidated. 1132 participants were recruited as distribution of benchmark. 81 high trait procrastinators (HP) and matched low trait procrastinators (LP) were screened. To address this issue, we have built upon the hybrid brain model by using hierarchical machine learning techniques to classify HP and LP with multi-modalities neuroimaging data (i.e., grey matter volume, fractional anisotropy, static/dynamic amplitude of low frequency fluctuation and static/dynamic degree centrality). Further, we capitalized on the multiple Canonical Correlation Analysis (mCCA) and joint Independent Component Analysis algorithm (mCCA + jICA) to clarify its fusion neural components as well. The hybrid brain model showed high accuracy to discriminate HP and LP (accuracy rate = 87.04%, sensitivity rate = 86.42%, specificity rate = 85.19%). Moreover, results of mCCA + jICA model revealed several joint-discriminative neural independent components (ICs) of this classification, showing wider co-variants of frontoparietal cortex and hippocampus networks. In addition, this study demonstrated three modal-specific discriminative ICs for classification, highlighting the temporal variants of brain local and global natures in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and PHC in HP. To sum-up, this research developed a hybrid brain model to identify trait procrastination with high accuracy, and further revealed the neural hallmarks of this trait by integrating neuroimaging fusion data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-021-09765-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Tian Sheng RD, No.2, Beibei, ChongQing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, ChongQing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Tian Sheng RD, No.2, Beibei, ChongQing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, ChongQing, China
| | - Jiawei Xie
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peiwei Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, The Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jia Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Tian Sheng RD, No.2, Beibei, ChongQing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, ChongQing, China
| | | | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Tian Sheng RD, No.2, Beibei, ChongQing, 400715 China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, ChongQing, China
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20
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Gong L, Zhou H, Su C, Geng F, Xi W, Teng B, Yuan K, Zhao M, Hu Y. Self‐control impacts symptoms defining Internet gaming disorder through dorsal anterior cingulate–ventral striatal pathway. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13210. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Gong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Conghui Su
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Fengji Geng
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Wan Xi
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Binyu Teng
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Shanxi China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
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21
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Greenberg NR, Zhai ZW, Hoff RA, Krishnan-Sarin S, Potenza MN. An exploratory study of problematic shopping and problematic video gaming in adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272228. [PMID: 35947621 PMCID: PMC9365157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Problematic video gaming (PVG) and problematic shopping (PS) are addictive behaviors prevalent in adolescents, characterized by positive and negative reinforcement, and associated with psychosocial impairment. This study examined how PS and PVG relate in adolescents. It also examined how PS interacts with PVG in relation to health/functioning measures. Survey data from 3,657 Connecticut high-school students were evaluated. Chi-square analyses and logistic regression models were used to assess relationships between PS and measures of PVG. Interaction analyses measured effects of PS on relationships between PVG and health/functioning measures. Relative to adolescents without PS, those with PS had 8.79-fold higher odds of exhibiting PVG and were more likely to endorse gaming to relieve anxiety and impairment due to gaming. Interaction analyses revealed that in adolescents with PS, the relationships between PVG and aggressive behaviors, including fighting, serious fighting leading to physical injury, and weapon-carrying, were stronger than in adolescents without PS. PS strongly relates to PVG, and among youth reporting PS, there are stronger associations between PVG and aggressive behaviors. Prevention efforts for adolescents should consider the co-occurrence of PS and PVG. PS and PVG may be linked by negative reinforcement and propensities for aggressive and addictive behaviors, suggesting that further research should explore possible interventions targeting stress management and maladaptive coping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zu Wei Zhai
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rani A. Hoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, Connecticut, United States of America
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Li X, Fang F, Li R, Zhang Y. Functional Brain Controllability Alterations in Stroke. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:925970. [PMID: 35832411 PMCID: PMC9271898 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.925970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor control deficits are very common in stroke survivors and often lead to disability. Current clinical measures for profiling motor control impairments are largely subjective and lack precise interpretation in a “control” perspective. This study aims to provide an accurate interpretation and assessment of the underlying “motor control” deficits caused by stroke, using a recently developed novel technique, i.e., the functional brain controllability analysis. The electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were simultaneously recorded from 16 stroke patients and 11 healthy subjects during a hand-clenching task. A high spatiotemporal resolution fNIRS-informed EEG source imaging approach was then employed to estimate the cortical activity and construct the functional brain network. Subsequently, network control theory was applied to evaluate the modal controllability of some key motor regions, including primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and supplementary motor cortex (SMA), and also the executive control network (ECN). Results indicated that the modal controllability of ECN in stroke patients was significantly lower than healthy subjects (p = 0.03). Besides, the modal controllability of SMA in stroke patients was also significant smaller than healthy subjects (p = 0.02). Finally, the baseline modal controllability of M1 was found to be significantly correlated with the baseline FM-UL clinical scores (r = 0.58, p = 0.01). In conclusion, our results provide a new perspective to better understand the motor control deficits caused by stroke. We expect such an analytical methodology can be extended to investigate the other neurological or psychiatric diseases caused by cognitive control or motor control impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Feng Fang, , Yingchun Zhang,
| | - Rihui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Feng Fang, , Yingchun Zhang,
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23
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von Deneen KM, Hussain H, Waheed J, Xinwen W, Yu D, Yuan K. Comparison of frontostriatal circuits in adolescent nicotine addiction and internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:26-39. [PMID: 35049521 PMCID: PMC9109629 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been significantly increased participation in online gaming and other addictive behaviors particularly in adolescents. Tendencies to avoid social interaction and become more involved in technology-based activities pose the danger of creating unhealthy addictions. Thus, the presence of relatively immature cognitive control and high risk-taking properties makes adolescence a period of major changes leading to an increased rate of emotional disorders and addiction. AIMS The critical roles of frontostriatal circuits in addiction have become the primary focus associated with reward in the striatum and cognitive control in the PFC. Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and nicotine addiction are currently becoming more and more serious. METHODS In the light of neuroimaging, the similarity between brain mechanisms causing substance use disorder (SUD) and IGD have been described in previous literature. RESULTS In particular, two distinct brain systems affect the way we act accounting for uncharacteristic neural function in addiction: the affective system comprises of the striatum driven by emotional, reward-related, and internal stimuli, and a cognitive system consisting of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) supporting the ventral affective system's actions via inhibitory control. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Therefore, as a novel concept, we focused on the implication of frontostriatal circuits in nicotine addiction and IGD by reviewing the main findings from our studies compared to those of others. We hope that all of these neuroimaging findings can lead to effective intervention and treatment for addiction especially during this critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. von Deneen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, Peoples R China,Corresponding authors. E-mail: (), ,
| | - Hadi Hussain
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 74 Yanta Street, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710001, Peoples R China
| | - Junaid Waheed
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 74 Yanta Street, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710001, Peoples R China
| | - Wen Xinwen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, Peoples R China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, Peoples R China,Corresponding authors. E-mail: (), ,
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, Peoples R China,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, Peoples R China,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, Peoples R China,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, Peoples R China,Corresponding authors. E-mail: (), ,
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24
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Park M, Yoo SY, Lee JY, Koo JW, Kang UG, Choi JS. Relationship between Resting-State Alpha Coherence and Cognitive Control in Individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder: A Multimodal Approach Based on Resting-State Electroencephalography and Event-Related Potentials. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121635. [PMID: 34942937 PMCID: PMC8699183 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is constantly active, even at rest. Alpha coherence is an electroencephalography (EEG) rhythm that regulates functional connectivity between different brain regions. However, the relationships between resting-state alpha coherence and N2/P3 components associated with response inhibition and cognitive processes have not been investigated in addictive disorders. The present study investigated the relationships between alpha coherence during the resting state and N2/P3 components of event-related potentials during the Go/Nogo task in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). A total of 64 young adults (HC: n = 31; IGD: n = 33) participated in this study. Alpha coherence values at left fronto-central and bilateral centro-temporal electrode sites were significantly correlated with P3 latency in HCs, whereas inverse correlations were observed in patients with IGD. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the correlation values between the groups. Our results suggest that patients with IGD lack dynamic interactions of functional connectivity between the fronto-centro-temporal regions during the resting state and the event-related potential (ERP) index during cognitive tasks. The findings of this study may have important implications for understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms linking resting-state EEG and task-related ERPs underlying IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.P.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - So Young Yoo
- SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul 07061, Korea;
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.P.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Emotion, Cognition and Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea;
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (U.G.K.); (J.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2072-2296 (U.G.K.); +82-2-3410-3581 (J.-S.C.)
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.P.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (U.G.K.); (J.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2072-2296 (U.G.K.); +82-2-3410-3581 (J.-S.C.)
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25
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Liu S, Lu Y, Li S, Huang P, Li L, Liu S, Zhang W, Liu Z, Guo X. Resting-state functional connectivity within orbitofrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus modulates the relationship between reflection level and risk-taking behavior in internet gaming disorder. Brain Res Bull 2021; 178:49-56. [PMID: 34728230 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become an increasing mental health issue worldwide. Previous studies indicated that IGD was related to maladaptive risk-taking behavior. However, the relationship among risk-taking behavior, reflection level, and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between brain regions in IGD individuals remains unclear. The current study combined resting-state fMRI and the Devil task to investigate this issue. The behavioral results suggested that IGD participants exhibited increased risk-taking behavior in the Devil task than healthy controls. Moreover, IGD participants' risk-taking behavior was positively correlated with their reflection level. As for fMRI results, IGD participants showed stronger rsFC between orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) than healthy controls. Additionally, the mediation analyses revealed that, among IGD participants, the rsFC between OFC and IFG fully mediated the relationship between reflection level and risk-taking behavior. Together, the current study highlighted that the altered rsFC between OFC and IFG in IGD individuals modified the relationship between their reflection level and risk-taking behavior, which might contribute to the understanding of neural mechanisms underlying risk-taking behavior in IGD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Pujiang Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Siyi Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
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26
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Wang L, Yang G, Zheng Y, Li Z, Wei P, Li Q, Hu K, Liu X. Neural substrates of deficient cognitive control in individuals with severe internet gaming disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102828. [PMID: 34583150 PMCID: PMC8476857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is rapidly becoming a worldwide health concern. The prefrontal-subcortical model of self-regulation emphasizes that an impaired prefrontal cognitive control system and an overwhelming subcortical reward-seeking system are both crucial factors in health problems, including addiction. This study focused on the cognitive control system of IGD, aiming to investigate whether cognitive control is altered and the underlying neural correlates in college students with IGD. METHODS Thirty college students with IGD and twenty-five matched healthy controls were asked to complete a stop-signal task that measures cognitive control while being monitored by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RESULTS Compared to the controls, only the college students with severe IGD, rather than those with mild IGD, had deficient brain activity involved in inhibitory control and response execution (specifically, the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and primary motor cortex); this result implies that cognitive control deficits are closely linked to addiction severity in individuals with IGD. Regarding performance monitoring function, college students with IGD exhibited unabated behavioral and brain activity, as did the control group. CONCLUSIONS Combined with our previous finding that the subcortical reward system was enhanced in individuals with IGD, the present findings extend the prefrontal-subcortical model of self-regulation from the perspective of IGD in a college student population and thus provide useful insight for the effective prevention and treatment of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenghan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kesong Hu
- Department of Psychology, Lake Superior State University, Sault St. Marie, MI, USA
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Gaming to relieve tension or anxiety and associations with health functioning, substance use and physical violence in high school students. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 140:461-467. [PMID: 34147933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gaming is popular among youth and gaming disorders have been introduced recently into psychiatric nomenclature systems. Motivations underlying gaming may include involvement to reduce negative emotional states and thus may link to psychiatric and overall health. Thus, the extent to which adolescents engage in gaming to relieve anxiety warrants additional investigation. Data from 2005 Connecticut high-school students were used to examine how adolescents who reported gaming to relieve tension or anxiety differed from those who reported gaming but not to relieve tension or anxiety on measures of demographics, academic performance, general health, extracurricular activities, dysphoria/depression symptoms, substance use, and aggressive or violent behaviors. Chi-square analyses and binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were conducted. Gaming to relieve anxiety was more prevalent in boys and Hispanic and Asian adolescents and associated with less extracurricular involvement, poorer academic performance, increased cigarette and other drug use, problematic internet use, and depression. Participants with gaming to relieve tension or anxiety were also more likely to report weapon-carrying, missing school because they felt unsafe, having been threatened with a weapon, having engaged in physical fights, and having experienced injuries from fights. As gaming to relieve anxiety was related to mental-health- and functioning-related measures, additional research is needed to examine the precise natures of these relationships and to translate the information into improved intervention strategies.
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28
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Weinstein A, Lejoyeux M. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying internet gaming disorder
. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 22:113-126. [PMID: 32699511 PMCID: PMC7366941 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2020.22.2/aweinstein] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes studies on the neurobiological correlates of internet gaming disorder (IGD), presently the most direct approach to analyzing the impact of digital technology and the internet on brain mechanisms. Brain imaging studies have shown that IGD shares, to a large extent, neurobiological alterations that are typical for other addictions, such as: (i) activation in brain regions associated with reward, as evident from cue exposure and craving studies and neurotransmitter systems studies that indicate an involvement of dopamine-mediated reward mechanisms; (ii) reduced activity in impulse control areas and impaired decision making; and (iii) reduced functional connectivity in brain networks that are involved in cognitive control, executive function, motivation, and reward. Moreover, there are structural changes, mainly reduction in gray-matter volume and white-matter density. Comorbidity studies indicate that executive control networks in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may increase the susceptibility to develop IGD. Most importantly, this review also outlines findings that show the effects of excessive use of screens, here referring to the playing of computer games, which activate many brain regions associated with cognitive, motor, and sensory function and not directly involved in other forms of addiction. This review describes and summarizes comprehensively the neurobiological correlates of addictive internet use in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Weinstein
- Department of Behavioral Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michel Lejoyeux
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Maison Blanche Hospital and Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
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29
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Chen J, Wang F, Zhu J, Li Y, Liu W, Xue J, Shi H, Li W, Li Q, Wang W. Assessing effect of long-term abstinence on coupling of three core brain networks in male heroin addicts: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12982. [PMID: 33142364 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstinence is one of the important measures for heroin addiction. However, it is unknown whether long-term abstinence (LA) would improve the coupling among three core brain networks (salience, default mode, and executive control) and decrease craving in treated heroin addicts. Forty-three heroin addicts with LA, 27 heroin addicts with short-term abstinence (SA), and 46 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) participated in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. The authors compared the functional connectivity among the three groups and examined how the coupling among salience, default mode, and executive control networks related to duration of abstinence and craving before and after drug cue exposure among heroin addicts. Compared with the SA group, with a tendency toward the HC group, the LA group showed lower drug cue-induced craving, stronger connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (a key node of salience network) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right posterior parietal cortex (key nodes of executive control network), and stronger connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and precuneus (a key node of default mode network). Meanwhile, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-precuneus connectivity positively correlated with duration of abstinence. The LA and SA groups demonstrated lower connectivity between the left anterior insula (a key node of salience network) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lower connectivity within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, compared with the HC group. Our findings revealed that LA is associated with lower drug cue induced craving and improve the coupling among the three core brain networks in heroin addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jiuhua Xue
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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30
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Blinka L, Ťápal A, Škařupová K. Evaluating the Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Addiction-Engagement Questionnaire Using a Longitudinal Sample. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Lutz MC, Kok R, Franken IHA. Event-related potential (ERP) measures of error processing as biomarkers of externalizing disorders: A narrative review. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 166:151-159. [PMID: 34146603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that electrophysiological measures of error processing are affected in patients at risk or diagnosed with internalizing disorders, hence, suggesting that error processing could be a suitable biomarker for internalizing disorders. In this narrative review, we will evaluate studies that address the role of event-related potential (ERP) measures of error-processing in externalizing disorders and discuss to what extend these can be considered a biomarker for externalizing disorders. Currently, there is evidence for the notion that electrophysiological indices of error processing such as the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are reduced in individuals with substance use disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and in forensic populations. However, it remains unclear whether this is also the case for other understudied disorders such as behavioral addiction. Furthermore, to fully understand how these deficits affect day to day behavior, we encourage research to focus on testing current theories and hypotheses of ERN and Pe. In addition, we argue that within an externalizing disorder, individual differences in error processing deficits may be related to prognosis and gender of the patient, methodological issues and presence of comorbidity. Next, we review studies that have related treatment trajectories with ERP measures of error processing, and we discuss the prospect of improving error processing as a treatment option. We conclude that ERP measures of error processing are candidate biomarkers for externalizing disorders, albeit we strongly urge researchers to continue looking into the predictive value of these measures in the etiology and treatment outcome through multi-method and longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C Lutz
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Kok
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Han DH, Bae S, Hong J, Kim SM, Son YD, Renshaw P. Resting-State fMRI Study of ADHD and Internet Gaming Disorder. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1080-1095. [PMID: 31640464 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719883022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to understand whether Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) share similar brain functional connectivity (FC) between the frontal and subcortices. Method: We compared changes in clinical symptoms and brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 26 patients with ADHD but without IGD, 29 patients with ADHD and IGD, and 20 patients with IGD but without ADHD. Results: The functional connectivity (FC) from the cortex to subcortex in both groups was decreased relative to that in age-matched healthy participants. One-year treatment for ADHD and IGD symptoms increased the FC between the cortex and subcortex in all ADHD participants and all IGD participants with good prognoses compared with those in all ADHD participants and all IGD participants with poor prognoses. Conclusion: Patients with ADHD and IGD shared similar brain FC at baseline and FC changes in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujin Bae
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Hong
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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He S, Liu Z, Wei Y, Duan R, Xu Z, Zhang C, Yuan L, Li T, Ma N, Lou X, Liu X, Wang R. Impairments in brain perfusion, executive control network, topological characteristics, and neurocognition in adult patients with asymptomatic Moyamoya disease. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:35. [PMID: 33980154 PMCID: PMC8117595 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asymptomatic Moyamoya disease (MMD) impairs hemodynamic and cognitive function. The relationship between these changes, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and network connectivity remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the relationship between CBF, functional networks, and neurocognition in adults with asymptomatic MMD. We compared CBF and functional status in 26 patients with MMD and 20 healthy controls using arterial spin labeling and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging sequences. At the same time, a detailed cognitive test was performed in 15 patients with no cerebral or lumen infarction who were selected by magnetic resonance imaging-T2 FLAIR screening. Results Compared to the controls, the patients showed varying degrees of decline in their computational ability (simple subtraction, p = 0.009; complex subtraction, p = 0.006) and short-term memory (p = 0.042). The asymptomatic MMD group also showed decreased CBF in the left anterior central and left inferior frontal gyri of the island flap with multiple node abnormalities in the brain network and reduced network connectivity. There was a significant association of these changes with cognitive decline in the MMD group. Conclusions In patients with asymptomatic MMD, disturbance of CBF and impaired brain network connections may be important causes of cognitive decline and appear before clinical symptoms. Clinical trial registration-URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn Unique identifier: ChiCTR1900023610 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-021-00638-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zongsheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/Mc Govern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/Mc Govern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/Mc Govern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Che L, Wu Y, Qian H, Guo X. The gray matter volume in superior frontal gyrus mediates the impact of reflection on emotion in Internet gaming addicts. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 310:111269. [PMID: 33657478 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is becoming a prevalent mental health concern around the world. However, the relationship among brain gray matter volume (GMV), emotion induced by decision-making and the level of reflection in IGD participants has not been fully elucidated to date. The current study aimed to explore this issue by combining a sequential decision task and voxel-based morphometry. Twenty-six IGD participants and 28 demographically matched healthy controls were recruited. After collecting Rumination-Reflection questionnaire data and high-resolution T1-weighted MRI data, participants were asked to complete a sequential decision task. The results demonstrated that compared to healthy controls, IGD participants exhibited significantly decreased GMV in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Moreover, GMV in the SFG of IGD participants fully mediated the impact of reflection level on the emotion of loss outcome during the sequential decision task. These results indicate that IGD is associated with reduced GMV in the SFG, and this structural change in IGD contributes to a particular relationship between the level of reflection and regret emotion for loss outcome in the sequential decision task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liping Che
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Qian
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Altered resting-state networks may explain the executive impairment in young health immigrants into high-altitude area. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:147-156. [PMID: 32125618 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Executive function is a complex involving multiple advanced brain functions like planning, working memory, mental flexibility and psychomotor. Previous researches indicated that executive function may be impaired after acute or chronic high-altitude exposure, while the underlying neurobiological mechanism has not been totally clarified. In the present study, based on 69 young healthy volunteers immigrating to high-altitude, Stroop test was utilized to identify the potential impairment of executive function after two-year high-altitude exposure while resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) technology was employed to observe the alteration of resting-state networks. Stroop test indicated that the subjects experienced significantly lower accuracies and prolonged responding time after two-year exposure. Resting-state network analysis displayed a significantly decreased degree of co-activation within the left/right frontoparietal network, sensorimotor network, and auditory network after exposure. In the frontoparietal network, decreased co-activation intensity was found in left angular gyrus, while in the right frontoparietal network, decreased co-activation intensity was found in left precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus. Similarly, as for sensorimotor and auditory network, left middle frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus was identified to have decreased co-activation, respectively. Moreover, the responding delays in ST (part II) were negatively correlated with the signal intensity alteration of the right frontoparietal network. All these evidences indicated that the high-altitude exposure induced alteration in above resting state networks may be the functional basis of executive control impairment.
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Zhao W, Wei T, Zhou R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ren Z, Shao W, Luo H, Zhou Y, Chen N, Lu Q, Song X, Zhang Z, Fang Y, Zhang X, Jiao D. The Influence of Online Game Behaviors on the Emotional State and Executive Function of College Students in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:713364. [PMID: 34744815 PMCID: PMC8563612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Since the classification of gaming disorder (GD) by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "mental disorder caused by addictive behaviors," there has been controversy regarding whether online game behaviors can lead to mental disorder. This study aims to clarify the correlation between the online game behaviors of college students and anxiety, depression, and executive function of college students in China, from a questionnaire-based investigation. Methods: Based on the whole class random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in Northern Anhui, China from March 7 to March 27, 2020. The questionnaires included the Internet Game Addiction (IGA) Scale, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Adult Version, BRIEF-A), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire Scale (PHQ-9). Results: A total of 850 participants completed the survey, including 353 males (41.53%) and 497 females (58.47%). The primary age group was 18-27 years (91.53%), and the educational background was a bachelor's degree (94.7%). The study found that the online behavior of 17.76% of college students was online game behavior. This study did not identify any students who met the criteria for IGA, and 3% met the criteria for indulgent behavior. A dual role of online games was identified; moderate online game activities can improve the emotional state and executive function of college students, while excessive online game behaviors that may not reach the degree of addiction can also harm emotional state and executive function. Conclusions: This study suggests that although IGA has been regarded as a mental disease, online game behavior should be treated differently. Online game activities should not be entirely denied, but mental disorders caused by excessive gaming activities deserve attention. In particular, the emotional state and executive function of students with excessive online game behaviors should be monitored and intervened in advance to avoid game behaviors turning into indulgent behaviors or addiction. As a cognitive control process, executive function may play a key role in regulating IGA and emotional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ruidong Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zixuan Ren
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenyi Shao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hanrun Luo
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yiding Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiao Lu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yinnuo Fang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dongliang Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Della Rosa PA, Canini M, Marchetta E, Cirillo S, Pontesilli S, Scotti R, Natali Sora MG, Poloniato A, Barera G, Falini A, Scifo P, Baldoli C. The effects of the functional interplay between the Default Mode and Executive Control Resting State Networks on cognitive outcome in preterm born infants at 6 months of age. Brain Cogn 2020; 147:105669. [PMID: 33341657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth can affect cognitive functions, such as attention or more generally executive control mechanisms, with severity in impairments proportional to prematurity. The functional cross-talk between the Default Mode (DMN) and Executive Control (ECN) networks mirrors the integrity of cognitive processing and is directly related to brain development. In this study, a cohort of 20 preterm-born infants was investigated using rs-fMRI. First, we addressed biological maturity of the DMN per se and its interplay with the ECN in terms of patterns of increased functional connectivity. Second, we assessed the impact of the degree of prematurity on the DMN-ECN functional interplay development in relation to cognitive outcome at six months. Our results highlighted the emergence of DMN in preterm neonates, with connectivity strength and synchronization between the anterior DMN hub and frontal areas increasing as a function of biological maturity. Further, cognitive scores at 6 months were predicted by mPFC-ECN connectivity strength with degree of prematurity impacting on mPFC-ECN connectivity and triggering differential patterns of functional maturation of the ECN for very early/early and moderate/late preterm neonates. Our findings suggest that the prematurity window allows to observe precursors of functional plasticity that may underlie different developmental trajectories in preterm children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Canini
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchetta
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cirillo
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pontesilli
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Scotti
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Poloniato
- Unit of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Barera
- Unit of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Scifo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Baldoli
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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38
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Matchanova A, Woods SP, Cushman C, Morgan EE, Medina LD, Babicz MA, Verduzco M, Loft S. Online pharmacy navigation skills are associated with prospective memory in HIV disease. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:518-540. [PMID: 33131420 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1840632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increased use of online pharmacy services in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic provides an important backdrop against which to examine the role of neurocognitive functions in health-related Internet navigation skills among persons with chronic medical conditions, such as HIV disease. Prospective memory (PM) is reliably impaired in HIV disease and is related to laboratory-based measures of medication management capacity in other populations. This study examined whether PM shows veridicality in relationship to online pharmacy navigation skills in persons with HIV disease. METHOD Participants included 98 persons with HIV disease age 50 and older who completed the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) and the Medication-Management Test-Revised (MMT-R) as part of a neuropsychological study. Participants also completed the Test of Online Pharmacy Skills (TOPS), which required them to navigate a simulated, experimenter-controlled online pharmacy to perform several naturalistic tasks (e.g., refill an existing prescription). RESULTS Lower PM had medium associations with poorer MMT-R and TOPS accuracy scores that were not better explained by other neurocognitive functions. The association between PM and TOPS accuracy was driven by errors of omission and did not vary meaningfully based on whether the intention was cued by time or an event. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that PM cue detection processes show veridicality with online pharmacy navigation skills. Future studies might examine the benefits of PM-based strategies (e.g., salient prompts) in supporting online health navigation skills in populations that experience clinically impactful PM failures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western, Perth, Australia
| | - Clint Cushman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Luis D Medina
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Marizela Verduzco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shayne Loft
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western, Perth, Australia
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Li K, Zhang H, Wang B, Yang Y, Zhang M, Li W, Li X, Lv L, Zhao J, Zhang H. Hippocampal functional network: The mediating role between obsession and anxiety in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:685-695. [PMID: 32174208 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1733082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety is a very common symptom and closely related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the association between anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms at the hippocampus network level remains unclear. METHODS This study enrolled 42 patients with OCD and 42 healthy controls (HCs), who underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and clinical evaluation. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the behavioural significance and interactive effects of obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptoms on the hippocampus functional connectivity (HFC). The mediation analysis model was used to explore whether the hippocampus functional connectivity (FC) network indirectly mediated the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anxiety. RESULTS Results showed that the FCs with the cerebellum, middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) were increased in the hippocampus FC network in patients with OCD compared with those in HCs. The regions of interactive effects between anxiety and obsession, which are mainly located in the prefrontal cortex and MTG, were positively correlated. The mediation effect is 0.018 between obsession and anxiety on the HFC networks in patients with OCD. CONCLUSIONS The FC between the hippocampus and MTG plays a key role in the relationship between anxiety and obsession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Bi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Xianrui Li
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, P. R. China.,School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
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40
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Chun JW, Park CH, Kim JY, Choi J, Cho H, Jung DJ, Ahn KJ, Choi JS, Kim DJ, Choi IY. Altered core networks of brain connectivity and personality traits in internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:298-311. [PMID: 32592635 PMCID: PMC8939405 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the Internet has provided convenience and efficiency in many areas of everyday life, problems stemming from Internet use have also been identified, such as Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Internet addiction, which includes IGD, can be viewed as a behavioral addiction or impulse control disorder. This study investigated the altered functional and effective connectivity of the core brain networks in individuals with IGD compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Forty-five adults with IGD and 45 HCs were included in this study. To examine the brain networks related to personality traits that influence problematic online gaming, the left and right central executive network (CEN) and the salience network (SN) were included in the analysis. Also, to examine changes in major brain network topographies, we analyzed the default mode network (DMN). RESULTS IGD participants showed lower functional connectivity between the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other regions in the CEN than HC participants during resting state. Also, IGD participants revealed reduced functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other regions in the SN and lower functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex of the anterior DMN. Notably, in IGD individuals but not HC individuals, there was a positive correlation between IGD severity and effective connectivity and a positive correlation between reward sensitivity and effective connectivity within the ventral striatum of the SN. CONCLUSIONS Problematic online gaming was associated with neurofunctional alterations, impairing the capacity of core brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Chun
- Department of Medical Informatics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea, Tel.: +82 2 2258 7586. E-mail:
| | - In Young Choi
- Department of Medical Informatics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kuriki S, Higuchi S, Nakayama H, Mihara S, Okazaki Y, Ono Y, Kobayashi H. Neurobiological influence of comorbid conditions in young patients diagnosed with gaming disorder: A whole-brain functional connectivity study based on a data driven method. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233780. [PMID: 32469991 PMCID: PMC7259694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaming disorder, which is characterized by multiple cognitive and behavioral symptoms, often has comorbid psychiatric conditions such as depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurobiological effects of the comorbid disorders so far reported are not converging, exhibiting positive and negative alterations of the connectivity in brain networks. In this study, we conducted resting-state functional magnetic-resonance imaging and whole brain functional connectivity analyses for young participants consisting of 40 patients diagnosed with the gaming disorder, with and without comorbid conditions, and 29 healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, the gaming disorder-alone patients had partially diminished connectivities in the reward system and executive control network, within which there existed central nodes that served as a hub of diminished connections. In the gaming disorder patients who had comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder, the diminished connections were enlarged, with alteration of the hub nodes, to the entire brain areas involved in the reward system including cortical, subcortical and limbic areas that are crucial for reward processing, and to the whole cortical areas composing the executive control network. These observations suggest that the neurodevelopmental condition coexisting with the gaming disorder induced substantial impairment of the neural organizations associated with executive/cognitive and emotional functions, which are plausibly causal to the behavioral addiction, by rearranging and diminishing functional connectivities in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kuriki
- School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Satoko Mihara
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Okazaki
- Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumie Ono
- School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- School of Information Environment, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo, Japan
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Park M, Jung MH, Lee J, Choi AR, Chung SJ, Kim B, Kim DJ, Choi JS. Neurophysiological and Cognitive Correlates of Error Processing Deficits in Internet Gaming Disorder. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4914-4921. [PMID: 32377680 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and correct errors is a critical aspect of human cognition. Neuronal dysfunction in error processing has been reported in addictive disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate neural systems underlying error processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and current source localization as well as neurocognitive executive function tests in patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). A total of 68 individuals (34 patients with IGD and 34 healthy controls [HCs]) were included, and two ERP components, error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe), were extracted during a GoNogo task. Patients with IGD exhibited significantly reduced ERN and Pe amplitudes compared with HCs. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in between-group comparisons revealed that patients with IGD had decreased source activations of the Pe component in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) under the Nogo condition. These ERP changes were associated with deficits in decision-making and response inhibition in IGD patients. The results suggest that IGD may be associated with functional abnormalities in the ACC and alterations in neural activity related to both the early unconscious and the later conscious stages of error processing, as well as deficits in area of decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Park
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hun Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ruem Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Dysfunctional default mode network and executive control network in people with Internet gaming disorder: Independent component analysis under a probability discounting task. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 34:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe present study identified the neural mechanism of risky decision-making in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) under a probability discounting task.MethodsIndependent component analysis was used on the functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 19 IGD subjects (22.2 ± 3.08 years) and 21 healthy controls (HC, 22.8 ± 3.5 years).ResultsFor the behavioral results, IGD subjects prefer the risky to the fixed options and showed shorter reaction time compared to HC. For the imaging results, the IGD subjects showed higher task-related activity in default mode network (DMN) and less engagement in the executive control network (ECN) than HC when making the risky decisions. Also, we found the activities of DMN correlate negatively with the reaction time and the ECN correlate positively with the probability discounting rates.ConclusionsThe results suggest that people with IGD show altered modulation in DMN and deficit in executive control function, which might be the reason for why the IGD subjects continue to play online games despite the potential negative consequences.
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Dong GH, Wang M, Wang Z, Zheng H, Du X, Potenza MN. Addiction severity modulates the precuneus involvement in internet gaming disorder: Functionality, morphology and effective connectivity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109829. [PMID: 31790725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although higher precuneus activation has often been observed in subjects with addictions when facing addiction-relevant cues, the recruitment of the precuneus is not consistent across studies. Here, we examined the extent to which addiction severity may relate to precuneus involvement during cue reactivity in internet gaming disorder (IGD). We recruited 65 subjects with IGD, collected brain responses when exposed to gaming cues and assessed brain structure. We correlated IGD severity with brain responses during a cue-craving task, precuneus volume, and connectivity with respect to inputs/outputs to/from the precuneus. In the cue-craving task, IGD severity was positively correlated with precuneus activation when exposed to gaming cues. IGD severity was also positively correlated with the volume of precuneus and connectivity from the hippocampal gyrus to the precuneus. IGD severity was also negatively correlated with connectivity from the middle frontal gyrus to the precuneus. In IGD, IGD severity relates to precuneus involvement with respect to functionality, morphology, and connectivity. The precuneus may act as a platform for integrating potential contradictory information between executive control and sub-cortical cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurobiology, and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Wu LL, Zhu L, Shi XH, Zhou N, Wang R, Liu GQ, Song KR, Xu LX, Potenza MN, Zhang JT. Impaired regulation of both addiction-related and primary rewards in individuals with internet gaming disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 286:112892. [PMID: 32114205 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poor executive function (EF) has been implicated in addictions. Among "hot" EFs (i.e., those involving motivations and emotions), poor regulation of craving has been proposed to underlie addiction development in substance-use disorders (SUDs), making such regulation a potential treatment target. However, regulation of craving remains poorly understood in internet gaming disorder (IGD). Additionally, prior studies of cold EFs (e.g., inhibition and cognitive flexibility under neutral conditions) in IGD have provided mixed results and mostly included only male subjects. We addressed these issues by instructing 54 participants (26 with IGD including males and females, and 28 control subjects) to perform a regulation-of-craving (ROC) task and a Stroop color-word-interference task. Compared to control subjects, individuals with IGD revealed deficits in regulation for both gaming- and food-related craving, but no differences in Stroop performance. The current study provides initial empirical support suggesting regulation impairments for both addiction-related and primary rewards among individuals with IGD. The findings are consistent with studies in SUDs, suggesting that impaired regulation of craving may be a relevant transdiagnostic construct across SUDs and behavioral addictions. The findings suggest targeting regulation of "hot" processes should be considered in IGD treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun-Ru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Differences in associations between problematic video-gaming, video-gaming duration, and weapon-related and physically violent behaviors in adolescents. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 121:47-55. [PMID: 31765836 PMCID: PMC7102509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Seemingly mixed findings have been reported on possible relationships between video-gaming and violent or aggressive behaviors. Given the prevalence of gaming in adolescents and potential harms associated with violent behaviors, relationships between problematic gaming, gaming engagement, and risk behaviors involving weapons and physical violence require further research. This study examined in a large sample of high-school students the relationships between problem-gaming severity, gaming duration, and violence-related measures including weapon-carrying, having been threatened by someone with a weapon, perceived insecurity, physical fights and serious fights leading to injuries. Potential moderation by sensation-seeking and impulsivity was also tested. Participants were 3,896 Connecticut high-school adolescents. Chi-square, logistic regression, and moderation models were conducted. Adolescents with at-risk/problem gaming, compared to low-risk and non-gaming adolescents, reported more weapon-carrying, having been threatened with weapons, feeling unsafe at school, and serious fighting leading to injury. Among those reporting gaming, weekly time spent gaming was associated with problem-gaming severity. Those with longer (versus shorter) gaming durations were more likely to report weapon-carrying and feeling unsafe at school. Sensation-seeking moderated associations between at-risk/problem gaming and weapon-carrying frequency. Associations between gaming quantity and problem-gaming severity and measures of weapon-carrying and physical violence in adolescents suggest that understanding further their mechanistic relationships may be important in promoting safer developmental trajectories for youth. Future longitudinal studies may provide important insight into the etiologies underlying these relationships and such information may help develop more effective prevention and intervention strategies.
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Chen J, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Wang R, Tian C, Xiang H. Impulsivity and Response Inhibition Related Brain Networks in Adolescents With Internet Gaming Disorder: A Preliminary Study Utilizing Resting-State fMRI. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:618319. [PMID: 33519558 PMCID: PMC7843793 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.618319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Internet gaming disorder (IGD), as a relapse disease, has become a common mental health problem among Asian teenagers. Functional connections in the prefrontal lobo-striatum affect changes in impulsivity and inhibition. Therefore, exploration of the directional connections of the relevant brain regions in the prefrontal-striatal circuit and the synchronization level of the two hemispheres will help us to further understand the neural mechanism of IGD, which can provide guidance for the development of prevention and intervention strategies. Methods: Twenty-two adolescents with IGD, recruited through various channels, composed the IGD group. Twenty-six subjects, matching age, gender, and education level, were included in a recreational internet game users (RGUs) control group. Impulsivity and response inhibition were tested via general questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Barratt impulsivity scale-11 (BIS-11), and a Stroop color-word task. A Granger causality analysis (GCA) was used to calculate the directional connection between the prefrontal and striatum with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as a region of interest (ROI). We chose voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) to determine brain hemisphere functional connectivity in the prefrontal-striatal circuits. Results: We found significant differences in impulsivity between the IGD group and RGU group, with members of the IGD group exhibiting higher impulsivity. Additionally, the response inhibition of adolescents with IGD in the Stroop color-word task was impaired. There was a significant difference in the directed connection of the left DLPFC and dorsal striatum between the IGD group and the RGU group. Conclusions: This study confirmed the role of prefrontal-striatal circuits in the neural mechanism of IGD in adolescents. In the IGD group, bilateral cerebral medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) synchronization was significantly reduced, which indicated that mOFC signal transmission in both hemispheres of the brain might be affected by impulse behavior and impaired response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Chen
- Department of Medical Psychology, College of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, College of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Rongpin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Chong Tian
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Dong G, Wang M, Liu X, Liang Q, Du X, Potenza MN. Cue-elicited craving-related lentiform activation during gaming deprivation is associated with the emergence of Internet gaming disorder. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12713. [PMID: 30614176 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is associated with negative health measures. However, little is known regarding the brain mechanisms or cognitive factors that may predict transitions from regular game use (RGU) to IGD. Such knowledge may help identify individuals who are particularly vulnerable to IGD and aid in prevention efforts. One hundred forty-nine individuals with RGU were scanned when they were performing a cue-elicited-craving task before gaming and after gaming was suddenly ceased. One year later, 23 were found to have developed IGD (RGU_IGD). We compared the original data from these 23 RGU_IGD subjects and 23 one-to-one matched subjects still meeting criteria for RGU (RGU_RGU). RGU_IGD and RGU_RGU subjects showed similarities in the cue-elicited-craving task before gaming. Significant group-by-time interaction identified the bilateral lentiform nucleus. Post hoc analysis showed the interaction was related to increased activation in the RGU_IGD subjects following gaming. Significant correlations were observed between self-reported cravings and lentiform activation in the RGU_IGD subjects. Among individuals with RGU, gaming-cue-induced lentiform activation following a session of gaming may predict subsequent development of IGD. The findings suggest a biological mechanism for emergence of IGD that may help inform prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangheng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xiaoyue Liu
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Qianxin Liang
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic ResonanceEast China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurobiology, and Child Study CenterYale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- The Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling Wethersfield Connecticut
- The Connecticut Mental Health Center New Haven Connecticut
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Kim H, Kim YK, Lee JY, Choi AR, Kim DJ, Choi JS. Hypometabolism and altered metabolic connectivity in patients with internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109680. [PMID: 31255649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become the subject of growing concern as an addictive behavior and has been compared with substance/non-substance-related addiction. Although IGD show clinical impairments and social dysfunction, neurobiological alterations in IGD have not been clearly elucidated. We used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET to investigate differences in glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity in young men [thirty-six patients with IGD, twenty-six patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and thirty-nine healthy controls (HC)]. Compared with the HC, IGD showed hypometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), temporal, frontal, parietal and striatum and AUD exhibited hypometabolism in the occipital, temporal and parietal lobule. Furthermore, IGD showed negative correlations between the ACC and game duration and between the orbitofrontal cortex and impulsivity. Also, IGD had lower metabolic connectivity between temporal and limbic regions and between the motor area and occipital region. And AUD showed greater metabolic connectivity between the orbitofrontal and parietal regions, and between the somatosensory or parietal and temporal regions, but lower metabolic connectivity in the fronto-striatal or fronto-limbic regions. Our results provide evidences that hypometabolism and altered metabolic connectivity in IGD might be related to the abnormal sensory function by longtime gaming and dysfunction of impulsive/motivational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Kim
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ruem Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Di Z, Gong X, Shi J, Ahmed HO, Nandi AK. Internet addiction disorder detection of Chinese college students using several personality questionnaire data and support vector machine. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 10:100200. [PMID: 31508477 PMCID: PMC6726843 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the unprecedented development of the Internet, it also brings the challenge of Internet Addiction (IA), which is hard to diagnose and cure according to the state-of-art research. In this study, we explored the feasibility of machine learning methods to detect IA. We acquired a dataset consisting of 2397 Chinese college students from the University (Age: 19.17 ± 0.70, Male: 64.17%) who completed Brief Self Control Scale (BSCS), the 11th version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory (CBF-PI) and Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), where CBF-PI includes five sub-features (Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) and BSCS includes three sub-features (Attention, Motor and Non-planning). We applied Student's t-test on the dataset for feature selection and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) including C-SVM and ν-SVM with grid search for the classification and parameters optimization. This work illustrates that SVM is a reliable method for the assessment of IA and questionnaire data analysis. The best detection performance of IA is 96.32% which was obtained by C-SVM in the 6-feature dataset without normalization. Finally, the BIS-11, BSCS, Motor, Neuroticism, Non-planning, and Conscientiousness are shown to be promising features for the detection of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Di
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hosameldin O.A. Ahmed
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Asoke K. Nandi
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
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