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Butelman ER, Huang Y, Cathomas F, Gaudreault PO, Roussos P, Russo SJ, Goldstein RZ, Alia-Klein N. Serum cytokine and inflammatory markers in individuals with heroin use disorder: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease severity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.29.24306559. [PMID: 38746340 PMCID: PMC11092731 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.24306559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Opioid use disorders cause major morbidity and mortality, and there is a pressing need for novel mechanistic targets and biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Exposure to mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists causes changes in cytokine and inflammatory protein networks in peripheral blood, and also in brain glia and neurons. Individuals with heroin use disorder (iHUD) show dysregulated levels of several cytokines in blood. However, there is limited data on a comprehensive panel of such markers in iHUD versus healthy controls (HC), especially as a multi-target biomarker. We used a validated proximity extension assay for relative quantification of 92 cytokines and inflammatory proteins in serum of iHUD on medication assisted therapy (MAT; n=21), versus HC (n=24). Twenty-nine targets showed significant group differences (primarily iHUD>HC), surviving multiple comparison correction (p=0.05). This included 19 members of canonical cytokine families, including specific chemokines, interleukins, growth factors, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related proteins. For dimensionality reduction, data from these 19 cytokines were entered into a principal component (PC) analysis, and PC1 scores were iHUD>HC (p<0.0001). A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded an AUROC=91.7% (p<0.0001). This PC1 score remained a positive predictor of being in the HUD group in a multivariable logistic regression, which included demographic/clinical variables. Overall, this study shows a panel of cytokines that differ significantly between iHUD and HC, and provides a multi-target "cytokine biomarker score" for potential diagnostic purposes, and examination of disease severity.
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Hearps AC, Vootukuru N, Ebrahimnezhaddarzi S, Harney BL, Boo I, Nguyen L, Pavlyshyn D, Dietze PM, Drummer HE, Thompson AJ, Jaworowski A, Hellard ME, Sacks-Davis R, Doyle JS. Injecting drug use and hepatitis C virus infection independently increase biomarkers of inflammatory disease risk which are incompletely restored by curative direct-acting antiviral therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352440. [PMID: 38420130 PMCID: PMC10899672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are more prevalent in people who inject drugs (PWID) who often experience additional health risks. HCV induces inflammation and immune alterations that contribute to hepatic and non-hepatic morbidities. It remains unclear whether curative direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy completely reverses immune alterations in PWID. Methods Plasma biomarkers of immune activation associated with chronic disease risk were measured in HCV-seronegative (n=24) and HCV RNA+ (n=32) PWID at baseline and longitudinally after DAA therapy. Adjusted generalised estimating equations were used to assess longitudinal changes in biomarker levels. Comparisons between community controls (n=29) and HCV-seronegative PWID were made using adjusted multiple regression modelling. Results HCV-seronegative PWID exhibited significantly increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers including soluble (s) TNF-RII, IL-6, sCD14 and sCD163 and the diabetes index HbA1c as compared to community controls. CXCL10, sTNF-RII, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were additionally elevated in PWID with viremic HCV infection as compared to HCV- PWID. Whilst curative DAA therapy reversed some biomarkers, others including LBP and sTNF-RII remained elevated 48 weeks after HCV cure. Conclusion Elevated levels of inflammatory and chronic disease biomarkers in PWID suggest an increased risk of chronic morbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. HCV infection in PWID poses an additional disease burden, amplified by the incomplete reversal of immune dysfunction following DAA therapy. These findings highlight the need for heightened clinical surveillance of PWID for chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly those with a history of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Hearps
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikil Vootukuru
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Brendan L. Harney
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Irene Boo
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Long Nguyen
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damian Pavlyshyn
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul M. Dietze
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Heidi E. Drummer
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander J. Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret E. Hellard
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Sacks-Davis
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph S. Doyle
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Li H, Watkins LR, Wang X. Microglia in neuroimmunopharmacology and drug addiction. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02443-6. [PMID: 38302560 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic and debilitating disease that is considered a global health problem. Various cell types in the brain are involved in the progression of drug addiction. Recently, the xenobiotic hypothesis has been proposed, which frames substances of abuse as exogenous molecules that are responded to by the immune system as foreign "invaders", thus triggering protective inflammatory responses. An emerging body of literature reveals that microglia, the primary resident immune cells in the brain, play an important role in the progression of addiction. Repeated cycles of drug administration cause a progressive, persistent induction of neuroinflammation by releasing microglial proinflammatory cytokines and their metabolic products. This contributes to drug addiction via modulation of neuronal function. In this review, we focus on the role of microglia in the etiology of drug addiction. Then, we discuss the dynamic states of microglia and the correlative and causal evidence linking microglia to drug addiction. Finally, possible mechanisms of how microglia sense drug-related stimuli and modulate the addiction state and how microglia-targeted anti-inflammation therapies affect addiction are reviewed. Understanding the role of microglia in drug addiction may help develop new treatment strategies to fight this devastating societal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Nygaard-Odeh K, Soloy-Nilsen H, Kristiansen MG, Brekke OL, Mollnes TE, Berk M, Bramness JG, Oiesvold T. Cytokines in hepatitis C-infected patients with or without opioid maintenance therapy. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38173235 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and opioids cause altered blood levels of cytokines. Previous studies have investigated levels of selected groups of cytokines in patients on opioid maintenance treatment. Little is known about the levels of multiple cytokines in patients with chronic HCV infection on opioid maintenance treatment. Our aim was to investigate the cytokine profile in patients with active HCV infection with and without opioid maintenance treatment. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in an out-patients population included upon referral for antiviral hepatitis C infection treatment. The level of 27 cytokines was measured in serum using multiplex technology. Patients were interviewed using a modified version of the European addiction severity index. Data pertaining to weight, height, current medication, smoking habits, allergies, previous medical history and ongoing withdrawal symptoms were collected. Non-parametric testing was used to investigate differences in levels of cytokines between the two groups. A 3-model hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyse associations between cytokines and confounding variables. RESULTS Out of 120 included patients, 53 were on opioid maintenance treatment. Median duration of opioid treatment was 68.4 months. There were no demographical differences between the two groups other than age. IL-1β was lower and eotaxin-1 higher in the group on opioid maintenance treatment than in the non-opioid group. No other inter-group differences in the remaining cytokine levels were found. CONCLUSION In HCV infection patients, the impact of chronic opioid administration on peripheral circulating cytokine level is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Nygaard-Odeh
- Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Hedda Soloy-Nilsen
- Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Magnhild Gangsoy Kristiansen
- Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Ole Lars Brekke
- Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jorgen G Bramness
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Oiesvold
- Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
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Lagzi N, Bateni A, Goli R, Talebiazar N. The effect of multivitamins on anxiety and depression in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Int J Psychiatry Med 2023; 58:576-590. [PMID: 37256965 DOI: 10.1177/00912174231179320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of addiction is increasing in the world. Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) can be associated with severe stress and mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Vitamins and minerals are commonly found in multivitamins seem to improve mood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multivitamins on anxiety and depression in patients undergoing MMT in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. METHODS The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized controlled trial and involved 70 male MMT patients over the age of 18. Participants were randomized to one of two groups, either those receiving multivitamins or those receiving a placebo for 12 weeks. The multivitamin capsule included vitamin E, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, biotin, folic acid, and zinc. Anxiety and depression were measured using standard questionnaires, before and after the intervention. RESULTS The between-group comparison (i.e., intervention vs. placebo) indicated there was no significant difference in anxiety scores; however, there was a significant between-group difference in depression scores, favoring the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Multivitamin supplementation improved depression but did not have a significant impact on anxiety in patients undergoing MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Lagzi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amin Bateni
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasoul Goli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Butelman ER, Goldstein RZ, Nwaneshiudu CA, Girdhar K, Roussos P, Russo SJ, Alia-Klein N. Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Opioid Use Disorder and Recovery: Translatability to Human Studies, and Future Research Directions. Neuroscience 2023; 528:102-116. [PMID: 37562536 PMCID: PMC10720374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major current cause of morbidity and mortality. Long-term exposure to short-acting opioids (MOP-r agonists such as heroin or fentanyl) results in complex pathophysiological changes to neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory functions, affected in part by peripheral mechanisms (e.g., cytokines in blood), and by neuroendocrine systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis. There are important findings from preclinical models, but their role in the trajectory and outcomes of OUD in humans is not well understood. The goal of this narrative review is to examine available data on immune and inflammatory functions in persons with OUD, and to identify major areas for future research. Peripheral blood biomarker studies revealed a pro-inflammatory state in persons with OUD in withdrawal or early abstinence, consistent with available postmortem brain studies (which show glial activation) and diffusion tensor imaging studies (indicating white matter disruptions), with gradual abstinence-associated recovery. The mechanistic roles of these neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory changes in the trajectory of OUD (including recovery and medication management) cannot be examined practically with postmortem data. Collection of longitudinal data in larger-scale human cohorts would allow examination of these mechanisms associated with OUD stage and progression. Given the heterogeneity in presentation of OUD, a precision medicine approach integrating multi-omic peripheral biomarkers and comprehensive phenotyping, including neuroimaging, can be beneficial in risk stratification, and individually optimized selection of interventions for individuals who will benefit, and assessments under refractory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R Butelman
- Neuropsychoimaging of Addictions and Related Conditions Research Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Depts. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Neuropsychoimaging of Addictions and Related Conditions Research Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Depts. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chinwe A Nwaneshiudu
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kiran Girdhar
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA, Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Brain and Body Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Neuropsychoimaging of Addictions and Related Conditions Research Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Depts. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Wang L, Qin Y, Li X, Li X, Liu Y, Li W, Wang Y. Glymphatic-System Function Is Associated with Addiction and Relapse in Heroin Dependents Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1292. [PMID: 37759893 PMCID: PMC10526898 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on the brain glymphatic system (GS) in opioid addiction in China. A total of 51 male MMT patients, 48 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs), and 20 heroin dependents (HDs) were recruited for this study. The GS functioning was assessed using diffusion-tensor-imaging analysis along perivascular spaces (DTI-ALPS index) and the bilateral ALPS divergency (DivALPS). Group differences were analyzed utilizing ANOVA and two-sample t-tests. The relationship between DivALPS and relapse rate was explored using regression analysis. The DTI-ALPS index was significantly higher for the left-side brain than the right side in all three groups. There was a significant difference for the right side (p = 0.0098) between the groups. The MMT and HD groups showed significantly higher DTI-ALPS than the HC group (p = 0.018 and 0.016, respectively). The DivALPS varied significantly among the three groups (p = 0.04), with the HD group showing the lowest and the HC group the highest values. Significant negative relationships were found between relapse count, DivALPS (p < 0.0001, Exp(B) = 0.6047), and age (p < 0.0001, Exp(B) = 0.9142). The findings suggest that MMT may contribute to promoting brain GS recovery in heroin addicts, and modulation of the GS may serve as a potential biomarker for relapse risk, providing insights into novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.W.); (Y.Q.)
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an Daxing Hospital, Xi’an 710016, China
| | - Yue Qin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.W.); (Y.Q.)
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an Daxing Hospital, Xi’an 710016, China
| | - Xiaoshi Li
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an Daxing Hospital, Xi’an 710016, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an Daxing Hospital, Xi’an 710016, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, People’s Hospital of Tongchuan City, Tongchuan 727000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.W.); (Y.Q.)
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Kong D, Sun JX, Yang JQ, Li YS, Bi K, Zhang ZY, Wang KH, Luo HY, Zhu M, Xu Y. Ketogenic diet: a potential adjunctive treatment for substance use disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1191903. [PMID: 37575322 PMCID: PMC10414993 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1191903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) can lead to serious health problems, and there is a great interest in developing new treatment methods to alleviate the impact of substance abuse. In recent years, the ketogenic diet (KD) has shown therapeutic benefits as a dietary therapy in a variety of neurological disorders. Recent studies suggest that KD can compensate for the glucose metabolism disorders caused by alcohol use disorder by increasing ketone metabolism, thereby reducing withdrawal symptoms and indicating the therapeutic potential of KD in SUD. Additionally, SUD often accompanies increased sugar intake, involving neural circuits and altered neuroplasticity similar to substance addiction, which may induce cross-sensitization and increased use of other abused substances. Reducing carbohydrate intake through KD may have a positive effect on this. Finally, SUD is often associated with mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, glia dysfunction, and gut microbial disorders, while KD may potentially reverse these abnormalities and serve a therapeutic role. Although there is much indirect evidence that KD has a positive effect on SUD, the small number of relevant studies and the fact that KD leads to side effects such as metabolic abnormalities, increased risk of malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms have led to the limitation of KD in the treatment of SUD. Here, we described the organismal disorders caused by SUD and the possible positive effects of KD, aiming to provide potential therapeutic directions for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshenyue Kong
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-xue Sun
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ji-qun Yang
- Third People’s Hospital of Kunming City/Drug Rehabilitation Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-sen Li
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Bi
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zun-yue Zhang
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun-hua Wang
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-you Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Xu
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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ElShebiney S, Elgohary R, El-Shamarka M, Mowaad N, Abulseoud OA. Natural Polyphenols-Resveratrol, Quercetin, Magnolol, and β-Catechin-Block Certain Aspects of Heroin Addiction and Modulate Striatal IL-6 and TNF-α. TOXICS 2023; 11:379. [PMID: 37112606 PMCID: PMC10145039 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the effects of four different polyphenols in attenuating heroin addiction using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received heroin (alternating with saline) in escalating doses starting from 10 mg/kg, i.p. up to 80 mg/kg/d for 14 consecutive days. The rats were treated with distilled water (1 mL), quercetin (50 mg/kg/d), β-catechin (100 mg/kg/d), resveratrol (30 mg/kg/d), or magnolol (50 mg/kg/d) through oral gavage for 7 consecutive days, 30 min before heroin administration, starting on day 8. Heroin withdrawal manifestations were assessed 24 h post last heroin administration following the administration of naloxone (1 mg/kg i.p). Heroin CPP reinstatement was tested following a single dose of heroin (10 mg/kg i.p.) administration. Striatal interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were quantified (ELISA) after naloxone-precipitated heroin withdrawal. Compared to the vehicle, the heroin-administered rats spent significantly more time in the heroin-paired chamber (p < 0.0001). Concomitant administration of resveratrol and quercetin prevented the acquisition of heroin CPP, while resveratrol, quercetin, and magnolol blocked heroin-triggered reinstatement. Magnolol, quercetin, and β-catechin blocked naloxone-precipitated heroin withdrawal and increased striatal IL-6 concentration (p < 0.01). Resveratrol administration was associated with significantly higher withdrawal scores compared to those of the control animals (p < 0.0001). The results of this study show that different polyphenols target specific behavioral domains of heroin addiction in a CPP model and modulate the increase in striatal inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 observed during naloxone-precipitated heroin withdrawal. Further research is needed to study the clinical utility of polyphenols and to investigate the intriguing finding that resveratrol enhances, rather than attenuates naloxone-precipitated heroin withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa ElShebiney
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenics, and Poisons, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rania Elgohary
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenics, and Poisons, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Shamarka
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenics, and Poisons, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Noha Mowaad
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenics, and Poisons, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Osama A. Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85001, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85001, USA
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Padoei F, Mamsharifi P, Hazegh P, Boroumand H, Ostadmohammady F, Abbaszadeh-Mashkani S, Banafshe HR, Matini AH, Ghaderi A, Dehkohneh SG. The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine as an add-on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2823. [PMID: 36448959 PMCID: PMC9847617 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with substance use disorders (SUD) under methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) are susceptible to a number of complications (psychological and metabolic disorders). Evidence studies have shown the roles of the glutamatergic system in addiction. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) enhances extracellular glutamate, and is effective in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. We assessed oral NAC as an add-on to MMT medication for the treatment of SUD. METHODS In the current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, outpatients with SUD under MMT who were 18-60 years old received 2400 mg/day NAC (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Psychological status and metabolic biomarkers were assessed at baseline and the end of the trial. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, NAC treatment resulted in a significant improvement in depression score (β -2.36; 95% CI, -3.97, -0.76; p = .005), and anxiety score (β -1.82; 95% CI, -3.19, -0.44; p = .01). Furthermore, NAC treatment resulted in a significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity levels (β 72.28 mmol/L; 95% CI, 11.36, 133.19; p = .02), total glutathione (GSH) levels (β 81.84 μmol/L; 95% CI, 15.40, 148.28; p = .01), and a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (β -0.89 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.50, -0.28; p = .005), and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β -0.33; 95% CI, -0.65, -0.009; p = .04), compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION In the current study, improvement in depression and anxiety symptoms as well as some metabolic profiles with NAC treatment for 12 weeks in outpatients with SUD under MMT was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Padoei
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Peyman Mamsharifi
- Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Hazegh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Homa Boroumand
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hassan Matini
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghadami Dehkohneh
- Department of Pharmacy, Acharya BM ready college of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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11
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Techau A. The Role of Interleukin 6 in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Failure. J Addict Nurs 2022; 33:E5-E25. [PMID: 37140424 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Substance use disorders (SUDs) are often misunderstood as a reflection of an individual's lack of motivation or willpower or as a moral failing. SUDs are complex and require a biopsychosocial lens to understand the phenomenon, particularly treatment failure, which is described as a deficit in patients' willpower/self-regulation or dedication to managing their condition.Recent evidence has implicated inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the action of substance use by impairing executive functioning, which is an essential aspect of self-regulatory control. Emerging research indicates that inflammation may also shape social behavior, including social withdrawal and approach, thus having potential implications on health-seeking and health-sustaining behaviors often interpreted as a dedication to managing health conditions.The aim of this two-part biobehavioral synthesis is to (a) examine the scientific evidence of the role of IL-6 in self-regulatory failure, (b) explore IL-6 as a common inflammatory mechanism across SUDs, and (c) investigate the role of IL-6 in social withdrawal and approach to gain an understanding of how this determinant may impact treatment failure.Overall, the evidence supports a new paradigm of treatment failure that stresses the influence of IL-6 on self-regulatory failure by way of dual cognitive processing and the role of IL-6 in shaping social behavior central to health-seeking and health-sustaining behaviors. This discovery will help to minimize stigma and blame. Understanding the role of IL-6 in treatment failure may elucidate novel targets for intervention, improve treatment outcomes, and break the social disconnection cycle often seen in SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Techau
- Aimee Techau, MSN, PMHNP-BC, CARN-AP, University of Colorado College of Nursing, Aurora
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12
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The other side of the coin: Positive view on the role of opioids in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174888. [PMID: 35367422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Opioids have been used for medicinal purposes as an analgesic and recreational purposes as a euphorigenic throughout human history. Cancer patients are often treated with different doses of opioids concurrently with anti-cancer drugs for pain relief without exhibiting excessive adverse effects. The intersection of the biology of pain, opioid therapy, and disease progression represents the crux of the matters and is of potentially great importance in cancer care. For more than 20 years, multiple investigations have focused on the stimulatory effects of opioids on cancer cell growth, while in-depth studies on the inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth development have usually been neglected. This paper reviews the evidence regarding opioid therapies and their anti-cancer effects on various malignancies. Likewise, we have a glimpse into the molecular mechanisms necessary for pinpointing their positive or negative impacts on malignancies to raise awareness and stimulate more excellent dialogue regarding their carcinogenic/anticarcinogenic roles.
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13
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Olsen CM, Corrigan JD. Does Traumatic Brain Injury Cause Risky Substance Use or Substance Use Disorder? Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:421-437. [PMID: 34561027 PMCID: PMC8776913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a high co-occurrence of risky substance use among adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), although it is unknown if the neurologic sequelae of TBI can promote this behavior. We propose that to conclude that TBI can cause risky substance use, it must be determined that TBI precedes risky substance use, that confounders with the potential to increase the likelihood of both TBI and risky substance use must be ruled out, and that there must be a plausible mechanism of action. In this review, we address these factors by providing an overview of key clinical and preclinical studies and list plausible mechanisms by which TBI could increase risky substance use. Human and animal studies have identified an association between TBI and risky substance use, although the strength of this association varies. Factors that may limit detection of this relationship include differential variability due to substance, sex, age of injury, and confounders that may influence the likelihood of both TBI and risky substance use. We propose possible mechanisms by which TBI could increase substance use that include damage-associated neuroplasticity, chronic changes in neuroimmune signaling, and TBI-associated alterations in brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - John D Corrigan
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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14
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Amini Z, Moeini M, Etminani N. Comparing the Effects of Melatonin and Zolpidem on Mental Health and Sexual Function in Men With Opioid Addiction: Evidence From a Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:850480. [PMID: 35295771 PMCID: PMC8918509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.850480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems and impaired sexual function are widely reported among those suffering from drug abuse, particularly among those under methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). AIMS The current study aimed to, firstly, investigate the effect of melatonin and zolpidem on mental health and sexual function of those with drug abuse under MMT, and, secondly, to compare the effects of melatonin and zolpidem on the studied outcomes. METHODS The current randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 98 participants who were randomly assigned into three groups of melatonin (n = 34), zolpidem (n = 32), and placebo (n = 32). All participants received the intervention once a day for 30 days, without changes in nutrition. Mental health and sexual function were measured before and 30 days after the intervention. RESULTS The mean age of participants in the groups of melatonin, zolpidem, and placebo was 35.8 ± 9.6 years (22-58 years of old), 35.9 ± 9.3 years (21-58), and 37.2 ± 7.8 years (26-53), respectively. Sexual function mean score was significantly increased from 38 to 41 in the melatonin group, while it deceased in zolpidem (from 39.1 to 38) and placebo (39.25-38.59) groups. Also, mental health mean scores improved statistically significantly in the melatonin group (from 60.65 to 43.56; p = 0.002), and descriptively in the zolpidem group (57.88-51.18; p = 0.129). Concerning both outcomes, the observed improvement was considerably higher in the melatonin group. The highest improvement was observed in dimensions of overall satisfaction and depression in the melatonin group (1.18 and -8.4, respectively). CONCLUSION Melatonin could significantly improve both mental health and some domains of sexual function of those with drug abuse under MMT, while zolpidem did not show a significant effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER https://www.irct.ir/trial/53047, identifier: IRCT20201214049718N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amini
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Moeini
- Vice-Chancellor of Health Affairs, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Negin Etminani
- Department of Community Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Morcuende A, Navarrete F, Nieto E, Manzanares J, Femenía T. Inflammatory Biomarkers in Addictive Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121824. [PMID: 34944470 PMCID: PMC8699452 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a group of diseases that are associated with social, professional, and family impairment and that represent a high socio-economic impact on the health systems of countries around the world. These disorders present a very complex diagnosis and treatment regimen due to the lack of suitable biomarkers supporting the correct diagnosis and classification and the difficulty of selecting effective therapies. Over the last few years, several studies have pointed out that these addictive disorders are associated with systemic and central nervous system inflammation, which could play a relevant role in the onset and progression of these diseases. Therefore, identifying different immune system components as biomarkers of such addictive disorders could be a crucial step to promote appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Thus, this work aims to provide an overview of the immune system alterations that may be biomarkers of various addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Morcuende
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.); (F.N.); (E.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.); (F.N.); (E.N.); (J.M.)
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Nieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.); (F.N.); (E.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.); (F.N.); (E.N.); (J.M.)
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Femenía
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.); (F.N.); (E.N.); (J.M.)
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965-919-553
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16
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Karatoprak S, Uzun N, Akıncı MA, Dönmez YE. Neutrophil-lymphocyte and Platelet-lymphocyte Ratios among Adolescents with Substance Use Disorder: A Preliminary Study. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:669-676. [PMID: 34690121 PMCID: PMC8553541 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.4.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Substance use disorder (SUD) is a serious public health problem affecting both the individual and the society, and substance use-related deaths and disability have been shown to increase gradually. Recent etiologic studies have reported that there is a relation between inflammatory parameters and psychiatric disorders. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) used as an indicator of inflammation have been shown to be increased in various psychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the NLR and PLR in adolescents with SUD. Methods This study was conducted by retrospectively examining the records of 55 male adolescents who were followed up with SUD in a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic between November 2019−June 2020. Patients who had comorbid psychiatric disorder were included, and those who received any psychotropic medication were excluded. A total of 61 healthy male adolescents in the same age range without any psychiatric disorders were recruited as a control group. Neutrophil-lymphocyte-platelet counts were noted retrospectively from complete blood tests, and NLR-PLR were calculated. Results The NLR and PLR of adolescents with SUD were significantly higher than the healthy adolescents (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). In addition, conduct disorder, depression, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which were determined as the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders had no effects on NLR (p = 0.513, p = 0.584, p = 0.394, respectively) and PLR (p = 0.210, p = 0.346, p = 0.359, respectively). Conclusion The results of current study indicate that inflammatory processes may have a key role in the pathophysiology of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Karatoprak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elazıg Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Necati Uzun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Akıncı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr. Ali Kemal Belviranlı Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Dönmez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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17
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Baykara S, Şirin Berk Ş, Kaya Ş, Ocak D. Evaluation of complete blood cell count parameters and lymphocyte-related ratios in patients with Opioid Use Disorder. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 43:259-270. [PMID: 34839783 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.2001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Complete blood count (CBC) parameters and lymphocyte-related ratios are found to be associated with inflammation and increased cytokine production. In Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), CBC parameters can be examined as the inflammatory (oxidative stress) biomarkers which could be used as an objective marker to support the OUD diagnosis and could be used as a disease severity marker. CBC parameters of 142 patients with OUD were examined. Lymphocytes, monocytes, basophiles, eosinophils and platelet counts (PLT), red blood cell levels (HGB), mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) and lymphocyte-related ratios were calculated. The control group consisted of 140 healthy individuals. WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet count, neutrophil, basophil percentage, neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) values were significantly higher in OUD group. Lymphocyte, basophil percentage, basophile/lymphocyte ratio (BLR), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin were significantly higher in control group. Mean platelet volume (MPV), eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio (ELR), platelet/ lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values were not significant yet higher in the OUD group. CBC and related parameters (WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet count, neutrophil, basophil percentage, NLR, MLR) were found to be significantly higher in the OUD group. Evaluation of CBC parameters could be useful in treatment and follow-up of patients with OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Baykara
- Department of Psychiatry, Firat Universitesi, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Şule Şirin Berk
- Department of Psychiatry, Necip Faz?l City Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Şüheda Kaya
- Clinics of Psychiatry, Elaz Mental Health Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Davut Ocak
- Department of Psychiatry, Necip Faz?l City Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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18
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Arab AZ, Conti AA, Davey F, Khan F, Baldacchino AM. Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease Pathology and Fatal Opioid and Other Sedative Overdose: A Post-Mortem Investigation and Pilot Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:725034. [PMID: 34803676 PMCID: PMC8602184 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.725034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In 2019, Scotland reported the highest number of drug deaths amongst EU countries. Of the 1,264 drug deaths reported in 2019, 94% were related to polysedative use. Studies have proposed a relationship between opioid use and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the concomitant use of sedatives and opioids has been associated with lethal cardiopulmonary events. However, evidence is still limited for the relationship between polysedative use and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between polysedative use and the underlying cardiovascular pathologies in drug deaths. Methods: This study consisted of a post-mortem investigation of 436 drug deaths. Data extracted from post-mortem reports included socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, age), cardiovascular pathologies (e.g., atherosclerosis, atheroma, and inflammation), in addition to the presence of opioids (e.g. methadone, heroin) and other substances (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepine) in the blood of the deceased. Stepwise multiple regression models were employed to identify which substances predicted cardiovascular pathologies. Results: The presence of opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol in the blood of the deceased predicted overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) severity [R2 = 0.33, F (5, 430) = 39.64, p < 0.0001; adjusted R2 = 0.32, f2 = 0.49]. Positive Beta coefficients may indicate an exacerbation of CVD (B = 0.48 95% CI = 0.25, 0.70) due to the presence of opioids in the blood of the deceased. Negative associations may instead indicate a relative protective effect of alcohol (B = −0.2, 95% CI = −0.41, −0.00) and benzodiazepines (B = −0.29, 95% CI = −0.48, −0.09) on CVD. Conclusion: These findings may inform national clinical guidelines on the need to monitor individuals who abuse opioids for presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors pathologies and provide timely interventions to reduce mortality in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik Zuhair Arab
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo Alberto Conti
- Division of Population and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Fleur Davey
- NHS Fife, Queen Margaret Hospital, Dunfermline, United Kingdom
| | - Faisel Khan
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Mario Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Seney ML, Kim SM, Glausier JR, Hildebrand MA, Xue X, Zong W, Wang J, Shelton MA, Phan BN, Srinivasan C, Pfenning AR, Tseng GC, Lewis DA, Freyberg Z, Logan RW. Transcriptional Alterations in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens Implicate Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Remodeling in Opioid Use Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:550-562. [PMID: 34380600 PMCID: PMC8463497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) have increased dramatically, accompanied by a surge of overdose deaths. While opioid dependence has been extensively studied in preclinical models, an understanding of the biological alterations that occur in the brains of people who chronically use opioids and who are diagnosed with OUD remains limited. To address this limitation, RNA sequencing was conducted on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, regions heavily implicated in OUD, from postmortem brains in subjects with OUD. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens from unaffected comparison subjects (n = 20) and subjects diagnosed with OUD (n = 20). Our transcriptomic analyses identified differentially expressed transcripts and investigated the transcriptional coherence between brain regions using rank-rank hypergeometric orderlap. Weighted gene coexpression analyses identified OUD-specific modules and gene networks. Integrative analyses between differentially expressed transcripts and genome-wide association study datasets using linkage disequilibrium scores assessed the genetic liability of psychiatric-related phenotypes in OUD. RESULTS Rank-rank hypergeometric overlap analyses revealed extensive overlap in transcripts between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in OUD, related to synaptic remodeling and neuroinflammation. Identified transcripts were enriched for factors that control proinflammatory cytokine, chondroitin sulfate, and extracellular matrix signaling. Cell-type deconvolution implicated a role for microglia as a potential driver for opioid-induced neuroplasticity. Linkage disequilibrium score analysis suggested genetic liabilities for risky behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression in subjects with OUD. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest connections between the brain's immune system and opioid dependence in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne L Seney
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Adolescent Reward, Rhythms, and Sleep, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sam-Moon Kim
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Adolescent Reward, Rhythms, and Sleep, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Jill R Glausier
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mariah A Hildebrand
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiebiao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Micah A Shelton
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chaitanya Srinivasan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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20
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Zhang Z, Wu H, Peng Q, Xie Z, Chen F, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yang J, Chen C, Li S, Zhang Y, Tian W, Wang Y, Xu Y, Luo H, Zhu M, Kuang YQ, Yu J, Wang K. Integration of Molecular Inflammatory Interactome Analyses Reveals Dynamics of Circulating Cytokines and Extracellular Vesicle Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNAs in Heroin Addicts During Acute and Protracted Withdrawal. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730300. [PMID: 34489980 PMCID: PMC8416766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heroin addiction and withdrawal influence multiple physiological functions, including immune responses, but the mechanism remains largely elusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular inflammatory interactome, particularly the cytokines and transcriptome regulatory network in heroin addicts undergoing withdrawal, compared to healthy controls (HCs). Twenty-seven cytokines were simultaneously assessed in 41 heroin addicts, including 20 at the acute withdrawal (AW) stage and 21 at the protracted withdrawal (PW) stage, and 38 age- and gender-matched HCs. Disturbed T-helper(Th)1/Th2, Th1/Th17, and Th2/Th17 balances, characterized by reduced interleukin (IL)-2, elevated IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A, but normal TNF-α, were present in the AW subjects. These imbalances were mostly restored to the baseline at the PW stage. However, the cytokines TNF-α, IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-17A remained dysregulated. This study also profiled exosomal long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA in the plasma of heroin addicts, constructed co-expression gene regulation networks, and identified lncRNA-mRNA-pathway pairs specifically associated with alterations in cytokine profiles and Th1/Th2/Th17 imbalances. Altogether, a large amount of cytokine and exosomal lncRNA/mRNA expression profiling data relating to heroin withdrawal was obtained, providing a useful experimental and theoretical basis for further understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of withdrawal symptoms in heroin addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyue Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjin Wu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingyan Peng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuru Ma
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiqing Yang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shaoyou Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongjin Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiwei Tian
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Echo Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huayou Luo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-Qun Kuang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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21
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Wilkerson AK, McRae-Clark AL. A review of sleep disturbance in adults prescribed medications for opioid use disorder: potential treatment targets for a highly prevalent, chronic problem. Sleep Med 2021; 84:142-153. [PMID: 34153796 PMCID: PMC8503844 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance in individuals prescribed medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is common, though the nature and progression of such concerns are difficult to discern due to differing terminology and assessment type between studies. Accurately identifying and treating sleep problems in this growing population has the potential to improve comorbidity and other MOUD outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of sleep in individuals stabilized on MOUD. Specifically, the following aspects of sleep were reviewed: 1) prevalence of clinically significant sleep disturbance; 2) sleep disturbance compared to findings in those not prescribed MOUD; 3) correlates of sleep disturbance; 4) self-reported sleep compared to objective measures. METHOD Studies were identified using 6 large databases and included if they contained at least one measure of sleep during MOUD treatment as usual. Studies were excluded if they were case studies, not available in English, or participants were in withdrawal or detoxification. RESULTS Forty-two studies were included and categorized by type of sleep assessment: validated self-report questionnaire; provider-assessed; polysomnography; multi-method. Correlates were included if they were statistically significant (generally p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This review indicates there is a high prevalence of chronic self-reported sleep disturbance (eg, insomnia symptoms) in this population and suggests quantitative sleep parameters (eg, total sleep time) and respiratory problems during sleep are worse than in the general population. These sleep problems are correlated with psychiatric comorbidity and other substance use. Other correlates (eg, sociodemographic factors) require further study to draw definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Wilkerson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA.
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22
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Eskandari Z, Mostafavi H, Hosseini M, Mousavi SE, Ramazani S, Dadashi M. A sham-controlled clinical trial to examine the effect of bilateral tDCS on craving, TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels, and impulsivity of males with opioid use disorder. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:347-356. [PMID: 33719920 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1883208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder (OUD) is one of the problems and concerns of all countries in the world. On the other hand, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as a new therapeutic intervention in various psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of bilateral tDCS on the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), craving and impulsive behaviors of male patients with OUD. METHODS This is a double-blind sham-controlled clinical trial. Participants were 31 male patients with OUD divided into three groups of left anode/right cathode tDCS, right anode/left cathode tDCS, and sham tDCS. They received active tDCS (2 mA, 20 min), applied over their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 10 consecutive days. Expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines were measured using ELISA method, and the Desires for Drug Questionnaire and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 were used to assess the craving and impulsivity of subjects, respectively. RESULTS Both active and sham tDCS could significantly reduce drug craving in subjects (p < 0.05). Active tDCS over the right/left DLPFC significantly reduced impulsivity and its dimensions (overall, attentional, motor, and nonplanning) compared to the sham tDCS (p < 0.05). It could also reduce the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The active tDCS over the right/left DLPFC, as a noninvasive and complementary treatment, can be used along with other common methods for the treatment of patients with OUD. It can improve their cognitive functions by reducing impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Eskandari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction Studies, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hosseini
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Mousavi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shokoufe Ramazani
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Dadashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychology, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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23
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Association between chronic psychoactive substances use and systemic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:208-220. [PMID: 33639179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the change in inflammation biomarkers level among chronic psychoactive substance users. To meet the required inclusion criteria, all studies had to describe human participants with an age ≥18y., experiencing chronic psychostimulant (nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine), sedative (benzodiazepine, opioids) and/or cannabinoid use. The comparison group was defined as healthy participants. Studies where included if they reported at least one of the pro/inflammatory biomarkers. Study bias was examined by Funnel plots and heterogeneity by computing the I2 statistics. Only 21 eligible studies were selected based on 26,216 study participants. A small and significant effect size of 0.18 mg/l (95 % CI:0.10-0.27) was detected in favour of chronic smokers (z = 4.33;P < 0.0001). There was evidence of publication bias for studies measuring IL-6 and IL-10 association with cocaine and IL-6 in association with cannabis. In summary, except for chronic tobacco users, there was no evidence of association between other chronic substances abuse and inflammatory levels. More studies are needed to inform policy and decision makers about the utility of anti-inflammatory based targeted intervention programmes.
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24
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Brejchova J, Holan V, Svoboda P. Expression of Opioid Receptors in Cells of the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E315. [PMID: 33396783 PMCID: PMC7795304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The observation of the immunomodulatory effects of opioid drugs opened the discussion about possible mechanisms of action and led researchers to consider the presence of opioid receptors (OR) in cells of the immune system. To date, numerous studies analyzing the expression of OR subtypes in animal and human immune cells have been performed. Some of them confirmed the expression of OR at both the mRNA and protein level, while others did not detect the receptor mRNA either. Although this topic remains controversial, further studies are constantly being published. The most recent articles suggested that the expression level of OR in human peripheral blood lymphocytes could help to evaluate the success of methadone maintenance therapy in former opioid addicts, or could serve as a biomarker for chronic pain diagnosis. However, the applicability of these findings to clinical practice needs to be verified by further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brejchova
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Holan
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
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25
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Eagleton M, Stokes S, Fenton F, Keenan E. Does opioid substitution treatment have a protective effect on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19? Comment on Br J Anaesth 2020; 125: e382-3. Br J Anaesth 2020; 126:e114-e116. [PMID: 33358041 PMCID: PMC7699021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiona Fenton
- HSE National Drug Treatment Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamon Keenan
- Addiction Services National Social Inclusion Office, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Yao T, Wu Y, Dong S, Gao L, Shi S, Shao Z, Wu L, Feng D, Shi J, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Liang X, Wang S. Long-term durability of immunogenicity induced by standard and triple-dose hepatitis B vaccine in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:785-794. [PMID: 32815759 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1813577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored the long-term immunogenicity induced by 60 μg and 20 μg hepatitis B vaccines among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). METHODS In initial study, a randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which patients receiving MMT were administered 20 µg (IM20 group) or 60 µg (IM60 group) hepatitis B vaccines at months 0, 1, and 6. In this study, the responders at month 7 were followed-up at months 18, 30, and 42 to estimate long-term immunogenicity. RESULTS The response rate decreased from 78.0% (39/50) to 31.1% (14/45) in the IM20 group, and from 86.0% (43/50) to 50.0% (20/40) in the IM60 group from month 7 to 42. Vaccine-induced responses in 75% of patients were observed for 14.2 months in the IM20 group and for 20.0 months in the IM60 group, and differences between these two groups were non-significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The three-dose 20 µg and 60 µg hepatitis B vaccines showed similar rapid hepatitis B surface antibody decreases. Abbreviations: HBV, hepatitis B virus; MMT, methadone maintenance treatment; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibody; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; GEE, generalized estimated equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanting Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Shuang Dong
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Linying Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Shan Shi
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic, Nanning Red Cross Hospital , Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhihong Shao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lina Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Dan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongliang Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Liang
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association , Beijing, PR China
| | - Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
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27
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Zhang P, Cui J, Mansooridara S, Kalantari AS, Zangeneh A, Zangeneh MM, Sadeghian N, Taslimi P, Bayat R, Şen F. Suppressor capacity of copper nanoparticles biosynthesized using Crocus sativus L. leaf aqueous extract on methadone-induced cell death in adrenal phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cell line. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11631. [PMID: 32669563 PMCID: PMC7363853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we prepared and formulated a neuroprotective supplement (copper nanoparticles in aqueous medium utilizing Crocus sativus L. Leaf aqueous extract) for determining its potential against methadone-induced cell death in PC12. The results of chemical characterization tests i.e., FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, TEM, and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed that the study showed that copper nanoparticles were synthesized in the perfect way possible. In the TEM and FE-SEM images, the copper nanoparticles were in the mean size of 27.5 nm with the spherical shape. In the biological part of the present research, the Rat inflammatory cytokine assay kit was used to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test was used to show DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Caspase-3 activity was assessed by the caspase activity colorimetric assay kit and mitochondrial membrane potential was studied by Rhodamine123 fluorescence dye. Also, the cell viability of PC12 was measured by trypan blue assay. Copper nanoparticles-treated cell cutlers significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the inflammatory cytokines concentrations, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation and they raised the cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in the high concentration of methadone-treated PC12 cells. The best result of neuroprotective properties was seen in the high dose of copper nanoparticles i.e., 4 µg. According to the above results, copper nanoparticles containing C. sativus leaf aqueous extract can be used in peripheral nervous system treatment as a neuroprotective promoter and central nervous system after approving in the clinical trial studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical College of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, No. 30 South Street Powder Lane, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shirin Mansooridara
- Medical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atoosa Shahriyari Kalantari
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Zangeneh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.,Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.,Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nastaran Sadeghian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bayat
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupınar, 43000, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupınar, 43000, Kütahya, Turkey
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28
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Mischel RA, Muchhala KH, Dewey WL, Akbarali HI. The "Culture" of Pain Control: A Review of Opioid-Induced Dysbiosis (OID) in Antinociceptive Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2020; 21:751-762. [PMID: 31841668 PMCID: PMC7286790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that chronic opioid use leads to maladaptive changes in the composition and localization of gut bacteria. Recently, this "opioid-induced dysbiosis" (OID) has been linked to antinociceptive tolerance development in preclinical models and may therefore identify promising targets for new opioid-sparing strategies. Such developments are critical to curb dose escalations in the clinical setting and combat the ongoing opioid epidemic. In this article, we review the existing literature that pertains to OID, including the current evidence regarding its qualitative nature, influence on antinociceptive tolerance, and future prospects. PERSPECTIVE: This article reviews the current literature on OID of gut bacteria, including its qualitative nature, influence on antinociceptive tolerance, and future prospects. This work may help identify targets for new opioid-sparing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Mischel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karan H Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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29
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Ezeomah C, Cunningham KA, Stutz SJ, Fox RG, Bukreyeva N, Dineley KT, Paessler S, Cisneros IE. Fentanyl self-administration impacts brain immune responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:725-738. [PMID: 32165150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects over two million in the United States and is an increasing public health crisis. The abuse of fentanyl and the emergence of potent fentanyl derivatives increases the risk for the user to succumb to overdose, but also to develop OUD. While intense attention is currently focused on understanding the complexity of behaviors and neural functions that contribute to OUD, much remains to be discovered concerning the interactions of opioid intake with the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present studies, we tested the hypothesis that short-term abstinence from fentanyl self-administration associates with altered expression of innate immune markers. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer fentanyl (0.0032 mg/kg/infusion) to stability followed by 24 h of abstinence. Several innate immune markers, as well as opioid receptors (ORs) and intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), were interrogated within nodes of the neurocircuitry involved in OUD processes, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate putamen (CPu), hippocampus (HIP) and midbrain (MB). In the present study, few immune targets were impacted in the PFC and MB during short-term abstinence from fentanyl (relative to saline) self-administration. However, increased expression of cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)1β, IL5], chemokines [e.g., C-C motif chemokine 20 (MIP3α)], tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon (IFN) proteins (e.g., IFNβ and IFNγ)] was seen in the NAc, while decreased expression of cytokines (e.g., several ILs), chemokines [e.g., granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) MCP1, MIP3α], the chemokine ligand 5 (RANTES) and interferons (e.g., IFNβ and IFNγ) in the HIP. Positive correlations were observed between cumulative fentanyl intake and expression of IL1β and IL6 in the NAc, and significant negative correlations with fentanyl intake and IFN β, IL2, IL5, IL12p70 and IL17 in the HIP. Few changes in OR expression was observed during early abstinence from fentanyl self-administration. Excitingly, the expression of the PRR, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) negatively correlated with cumulative fentanyl intake and significantly correlated to specific cytokines, chemokines and interferon proteins in the HIP. Although the CPu appears relatively invulnerable to changes in innate immune markers, the highest correlations between cumulative fentanyl intake with MAVS and/or STING was measured in the CPu. Our findings provide the first evidence of CNS innate immune responses and implicate STING as novel mechanistic targets of immunomodulation during short-term abstinence from fentanyl self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiomah Ezeomah
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Sonja J Stutz
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Robert G Fox
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Natalya Bukreyeva
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Irma E Cisneros
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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30
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Hemati K, Pourhanifeh MH, Dehdashtian E, Fatemi I, Mehrzadi S, Reiter RJ, Hosseinzadeh A. Melatonin and morphine: potential beneficial effects of co-use. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:25-39. [PMID: 32415694 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Morphine is a potent analgesic agent used to control acute or chronic pain. Chronic administration of morphine results in analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, and other side effects including dependence, addiction, respiratory depression, and constipation, which limit its clinical usage. Therefore, identifying the new analgesics with fewer side effects which could increase the effect of morphine and reduce its side effects is crucial. Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule produced in the body, is known to play an important role in pain regulation. The strong anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin is suggested to be involved in the attenuation of the pain associated with inflammation. Melatonin also increases the anti-nociceptive actions of opioids, such as morphine, and reverses their tolerance through regulating several cellular signaling pathways. In this review, published articles evaluating the effect of the co-consumption of melatonin and morphine in different conditions were investigated. Our results show that melatonin has pain-killing properties when administered alone or in combination with other anti-nociceptive drugs. Melatonin decreases morphine consumption in different pathologies. Furthermore, attenuation of morphine intake can be accompanied by reduction of morphine-associated side-effects, including physical dependence, morphine tolerance, and morphine-related hyperalgesia. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that the combination of melatonin with morphine could reduce morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia, which may result from anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of melatonin. Overall, we underscore that, to further ameliorate patients' life quality and control their pain in various pathological conditions, melatonin deserves to be used with morphine by anesthesiologists in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ghotb-e-Ravandy Boulevard, Kashan, 8715988141, Iran
| | - Ehsan Dehdashtian
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, IRAN, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, imam Ali Bolvard, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7762, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
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31
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Fang CP, Liu TH, Chung RH, Tsou HH, Kuo HW, Wang SC, Liu CC, Liu SC, Chen ACH, Liu YL. Genetic variants in NECTIN4 encoding an adhesion molecule are associated with continued opioid use. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234549. [PMID: 32555608 PMCID: PMC7302666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Methadone is a synthetic opioid used as maintenance treatment for patients addicted to heroin. Skin irritation is one of the adverse events caused by opioid use. 344 methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients were recruited with records and measurements on methadone dose, plasma methadone concentrations, and treatment emergent symptom scales (TESS). 15 patients reported with skin irritation. Five SNPs located within the NECTIN4 genetic region were genotyped. The NECTIN4 gene within the adherens junction interaction pathway was associated with methadone dose in pathway-based genome wide association analyses (P = 0.0008). Three highly-linked SNPs, rs11265549, rs3820097, and rs4656978, were significantly associated with methadone dose (P = 0.0003), plasma concentrations of R,S-methadone (P = 0.0004) and TNF-α (P = 0.010) in all 344 MMT patients, and with self-report skin irritation symptom scores (P = 0.010) in the 15 MMT patients who reported with skin irritation. To identify the possible roles of plasma level of Nectin-4 in the responses to MMT and opioid use, additional age- and gender-matched 51 controls and 83 methadone-free abstinent former heroin users were recruited. Plasma level of Nectin-4 was the highest in MMT patients among the three groups. The results suggest involvement of genetic variants on NECTIN4 in methadone dose. Plasma Nectin-4 level is likely an indicator for continued use of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Ping Fang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Tsou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chang Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shu Chih Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Andrew C. H. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, United States of America
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ahmeda A, Zangeneh MM, Mansooridara S, Malek Z, Zangeneh A. Suppressor capacity of iron nanoparticles biosynthesized using
Salvia chloroleuca
leaf aqueous extract on methadone‐induced cell death in PC12: Formulation a new drug from relationship between the nanobiotechnology and neurology sciences. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ahmeda
- College of MedicineQU Health, Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineRazi University Kermanshah Iran
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research CenterIlam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Shirin Mansooridara
- Medical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Malek
- Medical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Akram Zangeneh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineRazi University Kermanshah Iran
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research CenterIlam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
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Suljević D, Šiljak A, Fočak M. Different outcomes of methadone maintenance therapy in rehabilitated and relapsed drug addicts: significance of liver and renal biomarkers. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:470-475. [PMID: 32013636 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1722157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methadone eliminates heroin use, reduces death rates and criminality associated with heroin use, and improves patients' health and social productivity. This study included long-term addicts who completed a methadone therapy program as well as relapsed patients. Liver and renal markers important for methadone metabolism were analyzed. Renal markers included urea and creatinine, while hepatic markers included total bilirubin, AST, ALT, γGT, and LDH as nonspecific but significant parameters of liver metabolism. The study included 34 male and 6 female heroin-dependent patients undergoing a rehabilitation program with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). During therapy, average values of all parameters remained within the reference interval but individual parameters in some patients were very high. Significant differences for urea (0.00) and very high individual variations in all parameters, especially γGT and LDH, were found in patients who were in relapse. Age of the patients did not show a correlation with the presence of significant differences in serum biochemical parameters during therapy. Prolonged use of methadone therapy stabilizes high variations of liver and renal markers. MMT achieves a stabilization of serum indicators relevant for methadone metabolism that correlates with the duration of consumption and the type of opioid substance. The most important hepato-renal markers as indicators of therapy success are γGT, LDH, and creatinine. The validity of former enzymatic tests (AST, ALP, and ALT) should be seriously reconsidered in terms of MTT treatment success and monitoring the health of heroin addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Suljević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amra Šiljak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Fočak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Szczepaniak A, Fichna J, Zielińska M. Opioids in Cancer Development, Progression and Metastasis: Focus on Colorectal Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:6. [PMID: 31970561 PMCID: PMC6976545 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT So far, opioids have been successfully used to reduce cancer pain in patients in order to improve their quality of life. However, the use of opioids leads to numerous side effects such as constipation, drowsiness, nausea, itching, increased sweating and hormonal changes. In this review, we described the action of opioids in several molecular pathways significant for maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis including the impact on the intestinal epithelium integrity, changes in microbiome composition, modulation of the immune system or induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. We summed up the role of individual opioids in the processes involved in the growth and development of cancer and elucidated if targeting opioid receptors may constitute novel therapeutic option in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Szczepaniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Knutson AO, Watters JJ. All roads lead to inflammation: Is maternal immune activation a common culprit behind environmental factors impacting offspring neural control of breathing? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 274:103361. [PMID: 31874263 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies investigating how prenatal exposures impact the developing brain, there remains very little known about how these in utero exposures impact the life-sustaining function of breathing. While some exposures such as alcohol and drugs of abuse are well-known to alter respiratory function, few studies have evaluated other common maternal environmental stimuli, such as maternal infection, inhalation of diesel exhaust particles prevalent in urban areas, or obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy, just to name a few. The goals of this review article are thus to: 1) highlight data on gestational exposures that impair respiratory function, 2) discuss what is known about the potential role of inflammation in the effects of these maternal exposures, and 3) identify less studied but potential in utero exposures that could negatively impact CNS regions important in respiratory motor control, perhaps by impacting maternal or fetal inflammation. We highlight gaps in knowledge, summarize evidence related to the possible contributions of inflammation, and discuss the need for further studies of life-long offspring respiratory function both at baseline and after respiratory challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Knutson
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Training Program and Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Jyoti J Watters
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Training Program and Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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36
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Franchi S, Moschetti G, Amodeo G, Sacerdote P. Do All Opioid Drugs Share the Same Immunomodulatory Properties? A Review From Animal and Human Studies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2914. [PMID: 31921173 PMCID: PMC6920107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of the immune system has been constantly reported in the last years as a classical side effect of opioid drugs. Most of the studies on the immunological properties of opioids refer to morphine. Although morphine remains the "reference molecule," other semisynthetic and synthetic opioids are frequently used in the clinical practice. The primary objective of this review is to analyze the available literature on the immunomodulating properties of opioid drugs different from morphine in preclinical models and in the human. A search strategy was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane databases using the terms "immunosuppression," "immune system," "opioids," "Natural killer cells," "cytokines," and "lymphocytes." The results achieved concerning the effects of fentanyl, methadone, oxycodone, buprenorphine, remifentanil, tramadol, and tapentadol on immune responses in animal studies, in healthy volunteers and in patients are reported. With some limitations due to the different methods used to measure immune system parameters, the large range of opioid doses and the relatively scarce number of participants in the available studies, we conclude that it is not correct to generalize immunosuppression as a common side effect of all opioid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paola Sacerdote
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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37
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Wang X, Sun L, Zhou Y, Su QJ, Li JL, Ye L, Liu MQ, Zhou W, Ho WZ. Heroin Abuse and/or HIV Infection Dysregulate Plasma Exosomal miRNAs. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:400-408. [PMID: 31828734 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes play an important role in cell-to-cell communication as they can transfer functional molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) from one cell to another, exerting biological and immunological functions. Here, we investigated the impact of HIV infection and/or heroin use on the expression of the miRNAs in plasma exosomes. We found that HIV infection or heroin use upregulated the majority (98%) of a panel of plasma exosomal miRNAs associated with immune regulation and inflammation. We also observed the enhanced effect of HIV infection and heroin use on some of these upregulated miRNAs. Our further investigation showed that the levels of four of neuro-inflammation-related miRNAs (146a, 126, 21, and let-7a) were higher in HIV-infected heroin users as compared with the control subjects. These findings indicate that the dysregulations of the plasma exosomal miRNAs support further studies to determine the role of the miRNAs in HIV and/or heroin use-mediated immune modulation and neuro-inflammation. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Xinjiang Uygur Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wulumuqi, 830000, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Qi-Jian Su
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jie-Liang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Man-Qing Liu
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, 430024, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, 430024, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Lu RB, Wang TY, Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, See Chen P, Lin SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chin Chen K, Kuang Yang Y, Chen P, Chen SH, Hong JS. Correlation between interleukin-6 levels and methadone maintenance therapy outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 204:107516. [PMID: 31513981 PMCID: PMC7077753 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) varies in each patient with opioid use disorder (OUD). Opioid abuse activates proinflammatory processes by increasing cytokine production and impairing neurotrophic factor expression, and possibly leads to a vicious cycle that hinders recovery. Therefore, we investigated whether markers of inflammation and neurotrophic expression correlate with the MMT outcomes in OUD patients. METHOD We investigated OUD patients undergoing MMT and followed them up for 12 weeks. We measured plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), urinary morphine tests, and plasma morphine levels at baseline and on weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12 during MMT. Multiple linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to examine the correlation between the cytokine and BDNF levels and MMT outcomes. RESULTS We initially enrolled 104 patients, but only 78 patients completed end-of-study assessments. Plasma levels of CRP, TGF-β1, and BDNF fell during MMT. Plasma IL-6 levels were significantly associated with plasma morphine levels (P = 0.005) and urinary morphine-positive (+) results (P = 0.04), and significantly associated with poor compliance (P = 0.009) and early dropout from MMT (P = 0.001). However, other cytokine and BDNF levels were not consistently associated with MMT outcomes. CONCLUSION Higher IL-6 levels were associated with poor MMT outcomes. Additional studies on regulating IL-6 expression to improve treatment outcomes in OUD patients might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City Sheng Jin Road No. 1 Huanglong residential area, China; Beijing YiNing Hospital, No.9 Minzhuang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100195, China; Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Lan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 3F, No.367, Sheng-Li Rd., North District, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - I Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, No.345, Zhuangjing Rd., Douliu, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan
| | - Ping Chen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Shih-Heng Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, N.C. 27709, USA
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, N.C. 27709, USA
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A potential role for microglia in stress- and drug-induced plasticity in the nucleus accumbens: A mechanism for stress-induced vulnerability to substance use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:360-369. [PMID: 31550452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress is an important risk factor for the development of substance use disorder (SUD). Exposure to both stress and drugs abuse lead to changes in synaptic plasticity and stress-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity may contribute to later vulnerability to SUD. Recent developmental neuroscience studies have identified microglia as regulators of synaptic plasticity. As both stress and drugs of abuse lead to microglial activation, we propose this as a potential mechanism underlying their ability to change synaptic plasticity. This review focuses on three components of synaptic plasticity: spine density, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor expression. Their roles in addiction, stress, and development will be reviewed, as well as possible mechanisms by which microglia could regulate their function. Potential links between stress, vulnerability to addiction, and microglial activity will be explored.
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Ghaderi A, Rasouli‐Azad M, Vahed N, Banafshe HR, Soleimani A, Omidi A, Ghoreishi FS, Asemi Z. Clinical and metabolic responses to crocin in patients under methadone maintenance treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2714-2725. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit – Matini/Kargarnejad HospitalKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Morad Rasouli‐Azad
- Education and Psychology Department, College of EducationUniversity of Raparin Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Neda Vahed
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry)Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
- Physiology Research CenterKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Abdollah Omidi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Ghoreishi
- Clinical Research Development Unit – Matini/Kargarnejad HospitalKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic DiseasesKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
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Ghaderi A, Banafshe HR, Mirhosseini N, Motmaen M, Mehrzad F, Bahmani F, Aghadavod E, Mansournia MA, Reiter RJ, Karimi M, Asemi Z. The effects of melatonin supplementation on mental health, metabolic and genetic profiles in patients under methadone maintenance treatment. Addict Biol 2019; 24:754-764. [PMID: 29949232 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This investigation was designed to determine the effect of melatonin supplementation on mental health parameters, metabolic and genetic profiles in patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was conducted among 54 patients under MMT. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either 10 mg melatonin (2 melatonin capsules, 5 mg each) (n = 26) or placebo (n = 28) once a day, 1 hour before bedtime for 12 weeks. Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (β -4.08; 95 percent CI, -5.51, -2.65; P < 0.001), Beck Depression Inventory index (β -5.46; 95% CI, -8.92, -2.00; P = 0.003) and Beck Anxiety Inventory index (β -3.87; 95% CI, -5.96, -1.77; P = 0.001) and significantly increased International Index of Erectile Functions (β 5.59; 95% CI, 1.76, 9.42; P = 0.005) compared with the placebo. Subjects who received melatonin supplements had significantly lower serum insulin levels (β -2.53; 95% CI, -4.48, -0.59; P = 0.01), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β -0.56; 95% CI, -1.03, -0.09; P = 0.01) and higher quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.01; 95% CI, 0.004, 0.02; P = 0.009) and HDL-cholesterol levels (β 3.71; 95% CI, 1.77, 5.64; P = 0.002) compared to placebo. Additionally, melatonin intake resulted in a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (β -0.15; 95% CI, -0.27, -0.02; P = 0.02), malondialdehyde (β -0.31; 95% CI, -0.57, -0.05; P = 0.02) and protein carbonyl (β -0.06; 95% CI, -0.09, -0.04; P < 0.001). This trial indicated that taking melatonin supplements for 12 weeks by patients under MMT had beneficial effects on their mental health metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | | | - Maryam Motmaen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehrzad
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic DiseasesKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic DiseasesKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science, Center San Antonio TX USA
| | - Mohammad‐Amin Karimi
- Department of Educational Sciences, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic DiseasesKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
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Torres-Berrio A, Nava-Mesa MO. The opioid system in stress-induced memory disorders: From basic mechanisms to clinical implications in post-traumatic stress disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:327-338. [PMID: 30118823 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and emotional impairment are a serious consequence of stress exposure and are core features of neurological and psychiatric conditions that involve memory disorders. Indeed, acute and chronic stress are high-risk factors for the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), two devastating brain disorders associated with memory dysfunction. Besides the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, stress response also involves the activation of the opioid system in brain regions associated with stress regulation and memory processing. In this context, it is possible that stress-induced memory disorders may be attributed to alterations in the interaction between the neuroendocrine stress system and the opioid system. In this review, we: (1) describe the effects of acute and chronic stress on memory, and the modulatory role of the opioid system, (2) discuss the contribution of the opioid system to the pathophysiology of PTSD and AD, and (3) present evidence of current and potential therapies that target the opioid receptors to treat PTSD- and AD-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio O Nava-Mesa
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), School of Medicine, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Mitchell CM, El Jordi O, Yamamoto BK. Inflammatory mechanisms of abused drugs. ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Parvaresh Anbar A, Piran T, Farhadi M, Karimi P. Iranian crack induces hepatic injury through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the liver of Wistar rat. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:1179-1185. [PMID: 30483393 PMCID: PMC6251400 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.23543.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Iranian crack (IC) is a heroin-based substance manifesting various pathologic side effects. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of IC-induced liver injuries in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control, and IC (0.9 mg/kg/day/IP, for 30 days). Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by DCF fluorescence staining. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (c-JNK) were assessed by immunoblotting assay. The intensity of collagen fiber in the liver was also determined by Trichrome-Masson staining. Furthermore, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were measured using colorimetric methods. Results Our results showed that ROS production, p38 MAPK, c-JNK phosphorylation levels, and expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly elevated in the liver tissue of IC group as compared to the control group. Moreover, collagen fiber and ALT activity were increased in the liver tissue of IC group compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of ALP between two groups. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the intensity of collagen fiber and the ALT activity, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and liver enzymes activities including ALP, ALT, and AST. Conclusion Our findings revealed that IC-induced liver cells injury is partially mediated by MAPK stress kinases. Therefore, regular liver examination in substance abuse is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayyebeh Piran
- Higher Academic Education Institute of Rab-e Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Farhadi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Amraei M, Mohamadpour M, Ahmadi MRH, Azizi M, Daemi A, Omidi M, Shirzadpour E. Histopathological study of liver tissue due to methadone consumption and its effect on liver enzymes and inflammatory indices in rat. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3785-3795. [PMID: 30464409 PMCID: PMC6225910 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s182032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Methadone (MET)-based treatment is currently one of the best known approaches in the treatment of opioid dependence. It is claimed that MET use exerts adverse effects on the performance of some organs, especially liver. Thus, the present study aims to investigate MET effects on the hepatic tissue as well as its effect on the hepatic enzyme levels and inflammatory markers in rats. Materials and methods Twenty-eight mature male Wistar rats underwent an 8-week treatment in four equal groups including the control group (an ordinary daily dietary regime) as well as the experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 (an ordinary daily dietary regime and gavage-fed on MET syrup for 5, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight per day). Blood samples were collected from all rats in the beginning and end of the study to measure their hepatic enzyme levels and inflammatory markers. In the end, their livers were subjected to histological examinations. Results The mean serum levels of hepatic enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) increased considerably across all the three groups that had received various dosages of MET (5, 20, and 40 mg/kg) in the end of the study as compared to the beginning of the study (P<0.001). It was also found that the inflammatory indicators (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein) rose significantly in the groups that had received various dosages of MET in contrast to the control group (P<0.01, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively). The histopathological images of the liver cross-sections revealed dosage-dependent tissue changes in the groups that had received various dosages of MET. Conclusion The present study tried to prove the adverse effects of MET in the development of liver damage. Since MET-based treatment is frequently prescribed by physicians for curing the addiction to narcotics, better strategies are required for its correct usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Amraei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohamadpour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,
| | | | - Monireh Azizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Omidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shirzadpour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,
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Wang TY, Lee SY, Chang YH, Chen SL, Chen PS, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Chen SH, Hong JS, Lu RB. Correlation of cytokines, BDNF levels, and memory function in patients with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 191:6-13. [PMID: 30071446 PMCID: PMC6487886 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) show memory deficiencies and impaired treatment outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that opioid abuse activates proinflammatory processes by increasing cytokine production and impairing neuroprotection, which damages the memory function in OUD patients. Therefore, we investigated whether plasma-based inflammatory and neurotrophic markers correlate with memory function in OUD patients. METHOD OUD patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) were investigated and followed up for 12 weeks. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) scores were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of MMT. Multiple linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to examine the correlation between cytokines and memory performance. RESULTS We enrolled 89 patients at baseline; 47 patients completed the end-of-study assessments. Although Pearson correlations showed that CRP and TGF-β1 levels were significantly, negatively associated with some memory indices, the results were not significant after correction. The GEE results, controlled for several confounding factors and multiple testing, showed that changes in TNF-α levels were negatively correlated with changes in the visual memory index (P = 0.01), and that changes in IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with changes in the verbal memory index (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION Memory performance, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in OUD patients were negative correlated. Additional studies on regulating TNF-α and IL-6 expression to improve memory function in OUD patients might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, No. 345, Zhuangjing Road, Douliu, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Department of Psychology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Lan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine;,Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 3F, No.367, Sheng-Li Rd., North District, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 11490, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, No.345, Zhuangjing Rd., Douliu, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Heng Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, USA
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, USA
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;,Beijing YiNing Hospital, No.9 Minzhuang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100195, China;,Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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Cıcek E, Demırel B, Cıcek IE, Kıraç AS, Eren I. Increased Neutrophil-lymphocyte and Platelet-lymphocyte Ratios in Male Heroin Addicts: A Prospective Controlled Study. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:190-196. [PMID: 29739133 PMCID: PMC5953019 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are markers that can determine the presence of systemic inflammatory response. In this study, we examined the NLR and PLR levels in patients with heroin dependence compared to healthy controls. Methods The study sample included 90 male patients with heroin dependence aged 18 to 45 years and 60 healthy subjects who had similar socio-demographic characteristics as the patient group. The diagnoses of heroin dependence and other Axis I psychiatric disorders in the patient and control groups were screened with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (SCID-I). The extent of heroin addiction was assessed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Results The mean NLR and PLR levels of patients with heroin dependence were significantly higher than the control subjects (p=0.031 and p<0.001, respectively). Positive correlations were found between NLR, PLR and duration of the disorder. Conclusion Our results indicate that inflammatory processes may play a role in the pathophysiology of heroin dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Cıcek
- Department of Psychiatry, Çumra State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Başak Demırel
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ismet Esra Cıcek
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Aslı Seda Kıraç
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Eren
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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Up-regulation of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors in concanavalin A-stimulated rat spleen lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 321:12-23. [PMID: 29957382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptor protein level in spleen lymphocytes when stimulated by mitogen is not known. To answer the question whether these cells do express opioid receptor (OR) proteins, primary, fresh rat spleen lymphocytes were prepared and stimulated for 48 h with mitogenic dose of Con A. The unstimulated lymphocytes did not express μ- and δ-OR proteins in detectable amounts, however, stimulation with Con A resulted in appearance of clearly detectable immunoblot signals of both μ-OR and δ-OR. κ-OR were detected already in primary cells and increased 2.4-fold in Con A-stimulated cells. These results were supported by data obtained by flow cytometry analysis indicating a dramatic increase in number of μ-, δ- and κ-OR expressing cells after mitogen stimulation. The newly synthesized μ-, δ- and κ-OR in Con A-stimulated spleen lymphocytes were present in the cells interior and not functionally mature, at least in terms of their ability to enhance activity of trimeric G proteins determined by three different protocols of agonist-stimulated, high-affinity [35S]GTPγS binding assay. The up-regulation of μ-, δ- and κ-OR was associated with specific decrease of their cognate trimeric G proteins, Gi1α/Gi2α; the other Gα and Gβ subunits were unchanged. The level of β-arrestin-1/2 was also decreased in Con A-stimulated splenocytes. We conclude that up-regulation of OR expression level in spleen lymphocytes by Con A proceeds in conjunction with down-regulation of their intracellular signaling partners, Gi1α/Gi2α proteins and β-arrestin-1/2. These regulatory proteins are expressed in high amounts already in unstimulated cells and decreased by mitogen stimulation.
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Ghaderi A, Banafshe HR, Motmaen M, Rasouli-Azad M, Bahmani F, Asemi Z. Clinical trial of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on psychological symptoms and metabolic profiles in maintenance methadone treatment patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017. [PMID: 28642082 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with some complications including nonspecific musculoskeletal pain and periodontal disease in maintenance methadone treatment (MMT) patients. This study was designed to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on psychological symptoms and metabolic profiles in MMT patients. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was carried out among 68 MMT patients. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either 50,000IU vitamin D supplements (n=34) or placebo (n=34) every 2weeks for 12weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and post-intervention to evaluate relevant variables. RESULTS After the 12-week intervention, serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the placebo group (+8.1±4.9 vs. -0.4±3.0, P<0.001). In addition, vitamin D supplementation significantly improved Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (-1.5±2.2 vs. -0.2±2.3, P=0.02) and Beck Depression Inventory (-4.8±7.3 vs. -1.5±6.1, P=0.04) compared with the placebo. Patients who received vitamin D supplements had significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (-7.5±10.6 vs. +0.3±10.7mg/dL, P=0.004), serum insulin levels (-3.6±5.3 vs. -0.9±3.5 μIU/mL, P=0.01), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (-1.0±1.3 vs. -0.2±0.7, P=0.003), serum triglycerides (-9.6±30.8 vs. +15.6±30.2mg/dL, P=0.001), total- (-8.7±20.9 vs. +11.0±27.4mg/dL, P=0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (-11.1±17.9 vs. +5.9±27.5mg/dL, P=0.004) compared with the placebo. Additionally, vitamin D intake resulted in a significant decrease in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (-2.2±4.2 vs. +2.0±3.7mg/L, P<0.001), and significant increases plasma total antioxidant capacity (+26.2±99.8 vs. -86.3±127.5mmol/L, P<0.001) and glutathione levels (+292.3±172.4 vs. +48.9±208.9μmol/L, P<0.001) compared with the placebo. There was no significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum HDL-cholesterol, and other markers of insulin metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Totally, taking 50,000IU vitamin D supplement every 2weeks for 12weeks in MMT patients had beneficial effects on psychological symptoms and few metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction studies, School of Medical, kashan University of Medical Sciences, kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Department of Addiction studies, School of Medical, kashan University of Medical Sciences, kashan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Motmaen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Morad Rasouli-Azad
- Department of clinical psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran; Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran.
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Kuo HW, Shih CL, Tsung JH, Liu SW, Chu SK, Yang HC, Tsou HH, Wang ZH, Chen ACH, Liu YL. Pharmacogenomics study on cadherin 2 network with regard to HIV infection and methadone treatment outcome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174647. [PMID: 28358908 PMCID: PMC5373543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin dependent patients have a high incidence of HIV infection. In contrast to the gene expression method, we developed a systemic correlation analysis method built upon the results of pharmacogenomics study in a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) cohort consisting of 344 Taiwanese heroin dependent patients. We identified genetic variants and their encoding proteins that may be involved with HIV infection and MMT treatment outcome. Cadherin 2 (CDH2) genetic determinants were identified through the genome-wide pharmacogenomic study. We found significant correlations among HIV infection status, plasma levels of CDH2, cytokine IL-7, ADAM10, and the treatment responses to methadone. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms located within CDH2 gene showed associations with blood pressure and plasma CDH2 concentration. Plasma concentration of CDH2 showed correlations with the level of cytokine IL-7, status of HIV infection, and urine morphine test result. Plasma level of IL-7 was correlated with corrected QT interval (QTc) and gooseflesh skin withdrawal symptom score, while level of ADAM10 was correlated with plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolite, nicotine metabolite, and R-methadone. The results suggest a novel network involving HIV infection and methadone treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Shih
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jieh-Hen Tsung
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Chu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chou Yang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Tsou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew C. H. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, United States of America
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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