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Christopher M, Bowen S, Witkiewitz K, Grupe D, Goerling R, Hunsinger M, Oken B, Korecki T, Rosenbaum N. A multisite feasibility randomized clinical trial of mindfulness-based resilience training for aggression, stress, and health in law enforcement officers. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:142. [PMID: 38575888 PMCID: PMC10993469 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Law enforcement officers (LEOs) are exposed to significant stressors that can impact their mental health, increasing risk of posttraumatic stress disorder, burnout, at-risk alcohol use, depression, and suicidality. Compromised LEO health can subsequently lead to aggression and excessive use of force. Mindfulness training is a promising approach for high-stress populations and has been shown to be effective in increasing resilience and improving mental health issues common among LEOs. METHODS This multi-site, randomized, single-blind clinical feasibility trial was intended to establish optimal protocols and procedures for a future full-scale, multi-site trial assessing effects of mindfulness-based resilience training (MBRT) versus an attention control (stress management education [SME]) and a no-intervention control, on physiological, attentional, and psychological indices of stress and mental health. The current study was designed to enhance efficiency of recruitment, engagement and retention; optimize assessment, intervention training and outcome measures; and ensure fidelity to intervention protocols. Responsiveness to change over time was examined to identify the most responsive potential proximate and longer-term assessments of targeted outcomes. RESULTS We observed high feasibility of recruitment and retention, acceptability of MBRT, fidelity to assessment and intervention protocols, and responsiveness to change for a variety of putative physiological and self-report mechanism and outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Results of this multi-site feasibility trial set the stage for a full-scale, multi-site trial testing the efficacy of MBRT on increasing LEO health and resilience, and on decreasing more distal outcomes of aggression and excessive use of force that would have significant downstream benefits for communities they serve. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03784846 . Registered on December 24th, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Christopher
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, 190 SE 8thAve, Suite 260, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
| | - Sarah Bowen
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, 190 SE 8thAve, Suite 260, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 2001 Redondo S Dr, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Daniel Grupe
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin Madison, 625 West Washington Ave, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
| | - Richard Goerling
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, 190 SE 8thAve, Suite 260, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Matthew Hunsinger
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, 190 SE 8thAve, Suite 260, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Barry Oken
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Neurological Disorders, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tyrus Korecki
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nils Rosenbaum
- Behavioral Sciences Department, Albuquerque Police Department, 400 Rome, NW, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA
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Ohtsubo T, Mizoguchi Y, Aita C, Imamura Y, Kobayashi M, Kunitake Y, Tateishi H, Ueno T, Monji A. Relationship between serum cortisol levels, stereotypies, and the presence of autism spectrum disorder in patients with severe intellectual disability. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7139. [PMID: 38531943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stereotypies are one of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are common to both ASD and intellectual disability (ID). Previous studies have been inconclusive, with some showing a positive correlation between stereotypies and cortisol, while others have shown a negative correlation. We hypothesised and investigated the presence of ASD as one of the variables involved in this discrepancy. We tested the following hypotheses on serum cortisol in a total of 84 hospitalised patients with severe ID and ASD with severe ID. Hypothesis (1) Higher levels of stereotypies are associated with higher levels of serum cortisol. Hypothesis (2) The presence of ASD will moderate the association between stereotypies and high serum cortisol levels. The results of the analysis supported hypotheses (1) and (2). We also found that in the population with ID, serum cortisol levels were significantly lower in the ASD group compared to the non-ASD group. The present findings that the association between stereotypies and serum cortisol levels in people with severe ID is moderated by the presence of ASD suggest that the stress response system may function differently in people with ID and ASD than in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Ohtsubo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, 160 Mitsu, Yoshinogari, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-0192, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Chie Aita
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, 160 Mitsu, Yoshinogari, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshiomi Imamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Momoko Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, 160 Mitsu, Yoshinogari, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-0192, Japan
- Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kunitake
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tateishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, 160 Mitsu, Yoshinogari, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Monji
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
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Shan MA, Ishtiaq W, Kanwal S, Khan MU, Iftikhar A, Khan S. Cell-free DNA as a potential diagnostic biomarker in academic stress: A case-control study in young adults. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103933. [PMID: 38304540 PMCID: PMC10831250 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is a pervasive issue in modern life, affecting both physical and mental health. Identifying biomarkers like cell-free DNA (cfDNA) could provide insights into stress response and help detect individuals at risk for stress-related disorders. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of cfDNA as a diagnostic biomarker in individuals experiencing stress. Methodology A case-control analysis was conducted using convenient sampling on university participants (N = 285 cases, N = 500 controls) aged 18-24. The study assessed haematological and lipid profile parameters using the Sysmex XP-300TM automated analyzer and an automated biochemistry analyzer, and cfDNA was extracted using a standardized in house developed Phenol-Chloroform protocol and estimated using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Nanodrop. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 21.0. Results The results indicated a significant difference between stressed individuals and healthy controls in demographic, haematological and biochemical parameters. Specifically, stressed cases had significantly higher levels of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, VLDL cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL compared to healthy controls. Stressed cases also showed significantly elevated levels of circulating cfDNA relative to healthy controls. Conclusion These findings suggest that cfDNA may have potential as a diagnostic biomarker for stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Warda Ishtiaq
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Kanwal
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Iftikhar
- Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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4
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Li X, Seymour CB, Mothersill C, Rollo CD. Investigation of presence and impact of radiation-induced bystander effect in Acheta domesticus. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1619-1630. [PMID: 36892482 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2188977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE), a non-targeted effect of ionizing radiation in which non-irradiated individuals behave as if they have been irradiated after interactions with irradiated individuals, has been well documented in vertebrates. However, little research has been done investigating RIBE in terrestrial insects, this paucity of invertebrate RIBE leads to lack of knowledge on invertebrates living in fallout and exclusion zones. This paper aims to better understand the impacts of RIBE on terrestrial insects.Methods and materials: House crickets who have interacted with irradiated crickets were examined to investigate population effects of ionizing radiation exposure to better understand RIBE in insects. RESULTS The results demonstrated RIBE in crickets and found that cohabitated males had higher growth rate (mg/day) when compared to non-cohabitated males. Further, cohabitated males and females matured significantly faster with no significant difference in maturation weight than non-cohabitated populations. Experiment with adult irradiated crickets found saturability of bystander signals and similar shifts in maturation parameters. These results highlight that bystander signals can impacted development and maturation in crickets. CONCLUSION Given long-term impacts of RIBE in insects, these results may have significant implications for interactions between insects inhabiting fringe nuclear exclusion zones and those outside of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Li
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Huang MH, Chan YLE, Chen MH, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Li CT, Tsai SJ, Su TP, Bai YM. A longitudinal study of the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and mood symptoms in bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 147:81-91. [PMID: 36217267 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of a relative dearth of longitudinal studies, the directionality of the relationship between mood and inflammation among patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of pro-inflammatory markers with mood symptom severity in BD. METHODS Hundred and thirty-two adult patients with BD were enrolled. At the baseline and 1-year follow-up visit, all participants received mood assessment with Montgomery Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) and Young mania rating scale, and underwent blood draws to quantify metabolic profile and serum levels of the pro-inflammatory markers, including soluble interleukin-6 receptor, soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor type 1 (sTNF-αR1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and C-reactive protein. A four-factor model of MADRS, consisting of sadness, negative thoughts, detachment, and neurovegetative symptoms, were applied. RESULTS At baseline, 65 patients with BD were in depressed state, and 67 patients with BD were in euthymic state. Among patients in depressed state, baseline MADRS total score positively correlated with sTNF-αR1 level at follow-up. While baseline sTNF-αR1 level positively predicted sadness symptom in euthymic patients with BD who later developed depression (n = 22), sadness in patients with bipolar depression predicted later increase in serum sTNF-αR1 level even after remission (n = 17). Moreover, lithium had a stronger effect of lowering peripheral sTNF-αR1 level as compared with other mood stabilizers. CONCLUSION Our results indicate the bidirectional inflammation-depression relationship in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan and Suao Branch, Ilan, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Lam E Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, General Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, General Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Kaltenegger HC, Weigl M, Becker L, Rohleder N, Nowak D, Quartucci C. Psychosocial working conditions and chronic low-grade inflammation in geriatric care professionals: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274202. [PMID: 36107874 PMCID: PMC9477283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Chronic low-grade inflammation has been suggested as a key factor in the association between stress exposure and long-term health. Care work is recognized as a profession with a high degree of job stress and health risks. However, for care professionals, the study base on inflammatory activity due to adverse working conditions is limited.
Objective
The aim of this study was to explore associations between self-reported psychosocial working conditions and care professionals’ biomarkers of systemic low-grade inflammation.
Methods
N = 140 geriatric care professionals (79.3% females, mean age = 44.1 years) of six care facilities were enrolled in a cross-sectional study consisting of standardized medical examinations and employee surveys. Standardized questionnaires were used for evaluation of psychosocial work characteristics (work overload, job autonomy, social support) based on Karasek’s job strain model. Blood samples were drawn for two biomarkers of inflammatory activity: C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count. Analyses comprised uni- and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses.
Results
We determined a proportion of 5.4% of care professionals with increased low-grade inflammation. We further observed a relationship between job autonomy and CRP, such that reports of high job autonomy were associated with increased levels of CRP (adjusted OR = 4.10, 95% CI [1.10, 15.26], p = .035), which was robust in additional analyses on further potential confounders. No significant associations with participants’ leukocyte numbers were found.
Conclusions
This exploratory study contributes to the research base on links between workplace stress and ensuing illness in care professionals. Our findings may help to identify risk and protective factors of the work environment for chronic low-grade inflammation. The results require further scrutiny, and future prospective studies on associations of psychosocial working conditions, low-grade inflammation and long-term health outcomes in care professionals are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C. Kaltenegger
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthias Weigl
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Patient Safety, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Becker
- Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Quartucci
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute for Occupational Health and Product Safety, Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
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7
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Molina E, Gould N, Lee K, Krimins R, Hardenbergh D, Timlin H. Stress, mindfulness, and systemic lupus erythematosus: An overview and directions for future research. Lupus 2022; 31:1549-1562. [PMID: 35998903 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221122980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of autoimmunity is not fully understood, it is thought to involve genetic, hormonal, immunologic, and environmental factors. Stress has been evaluated as a potential trigger for autoimmunity and disease flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The physiologic changes that occur with stress involve numerous catecholamines, hormones, and cytokines that communicate intricately with the immune system. There is some evidence that these systems may be dysregulated in patients with autoimmune disease. Mindfulness-based techniques are practices aimed at mitigating stress response and have been shown to improve quality of life in general population. This review will discuss pathophysiology of chronic stress as it relates to SLE, evidence behind mindfulness-based practices in these patients, and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Molina
- Rheumatology Fellowship, 1466Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda Gould
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, 1466Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen Lee
- Internal Medicine Residency, 12244Northwestern University Hospitals, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Krimins
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1466Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dylan Hardenbergh
- Internal Medicine Residency, 21611Columbia and Presbyterian Hospitals, NY, NY, USA
| | - Homa Timlin
- Division of Rheumatology, 1466Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation response overrides glucocorticoid-induced stress in a reptile. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:765-774. [PMID: 35922677 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress hormones and their impacts on whole organism metabolic rates are usually considered as appropriate proxies for animal energy budget that is the foundation of numerous concepts and models aiming at predicting individual and population responses to environmental stress. However, the dynamics of energy re-allocation under stress make the link between metabolism and corticosterone complex and still unclear. Using ectopic application of corticosterone for 3, 11 and 21 days, we estimated a time effect of stress in a lizard (Zootoca vivipara). We then investigated whole organism metabolism, muscle cellular O2 consumption and liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation processes (O2 consumption and ATP production) and ROS production. The data showed that while skeletal muscle is not impacted, stress regulates the liver mitochondrial functionality in a time-dependent manner with opposing pictures between the different time expositions to corticosterone. While 3 days exposition is characterized by lower ATP synthesis rate and high H2O2 release with no change in the rate of oxygen consumption, the 11 days exposition reduced all three fluxes of about 50%. Oxidative phosphorylation capacities in liver mitochondria of lizard treated with corticosterone for 21 days was similar to the hepatic mitochondrial capacities in lizards that received no corticosterone treatment but with 40% decrease in H2O2 production. This new mitochondrial functioning allows a better capacity to respond to the energetic demands imposed by the environment but do not influence whole organism metabolism. In conclusion, global mitochondrial functioning has to be considered to better understand the proximal causes of the energy budget under stressful periods.
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Utilization of Mind–Body Intervention for Integrative Health Care of COVID-19 Patients and Survivors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116618. [PMID: 35682203 PMCID: PMC9180827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest a correlation between COVID-19 and diabetes, although the underlying causes are still little understood. COVID-19 infection tends to induce severe symptoms in patients with underlying diabetes, increasing their mortality rate. Moreover, COVID-19 itself appears to be a diabetogenic factor. In addition, mental health conditions, such as depression due to lockdown and anxiety about infection, were found to affect glycemic control and immunity, highlighting the importance of mental health care during the pandemic. Mind–Body Intervention (MBI), which includes meditation, yoga, and qigong, has emerged as a tool for mental health management due to its effects on stress reduction and the promotion of mental and physical well-being. Here, we review the latest randomized controlled trials to determine the effects of MBI on glycemic control and the immune system and discuss the underlying mechanisms by which MBI facilitates the virtuous cycle of stress management, glycemic control, and immune modulation. Furthermore, we examine the actual utilization of MBI during the COVID-19 pandemic era through recent studies. With proper online education, non-pharmacological MBI may be more widely used as an important tool for self-health care that complements the usual treatment of COVID-19 patients and survivors.
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Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084196. [PMID: 35457014 PMCID: PMC9028312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The placebo effect can be defined as the improvement of symptoms in a patient after the administration of an innocuous substance in a context that induces expectations regarding its effects. During recent years, it has been discovered that the placebo response not only has neurobiological functions on analgesia, but that it is also capable of generating effects on the immune and endocrine systems. The possible integration of changes in different systems of the organism could favor the well-being of the individuals and go hand in hand with conventional treatment for multiple diseases. In this sense, classic conditioning and setting expectations stand out as psychological mechanisms implicated in the placebo effect. Recent advances in neuroimaging studies suggest a relationship between the placebo response and the opioid, cannabinoid, and monoaminergic systems. Likewise, a possible immune response conditioned by the placebo effect has been reported. There is evidence of immune suppression conditioned through the insular cortex and the amygdala, with noradrenalin as the responsible neurotransmitter. Finally, a conditioned response in the secretion of different hormones has been determined in different studies; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not entirely known. Beyond studies about its mechanism of action, the placebo effect has proved to be useful in the clinical setting with promising results in the management of neurological, psychiatric, and immunologic disorders. However, more research is needed to better characterize its potential use. This review integrates current knowledge about the psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune basis of the placebo effect and its possible clinical applications.
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11
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Ji D, Flouri E, Papachristou E, Francesconi M. Childhood Trajectories of Hyperactivity/Inattention Symptoms and Diurnal Cortisol in Middle Adolescence: Results from a UK Birth Cohort. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:809-821. [PMID: 34378439 PMCID: PMC8859655 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211036755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Whether the association between hyperactivity/inattention symptoms with HPA axis dysfunction holds in the general child population too is not clear. METHOD We assessed associations between longitudinal trajectories of hyperactivity/inattention symptoms during ages 4 to 13 years and basal cortisol profiles at age 15 in a British general population cohort. RESULTS Adolescents with persistently high levels of hyperactivity/inattention symptoms since childhood showed lower total morning cortisol and a smaller diurnal decline, even after adjusting for confounders. No associations were found between any of the symptom trajectories and cortisol awakening response, diurnal slope or daily output of cortisol. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for hypocortisolism among adolescents with chronic hyperactivity/inattention symptoms in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Ji
- UCL Institute of Education, London, UK,Dongying Ji, Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK.
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12
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Herselman MF, Bailey S, Bobrovskaya L. The Effects of Stress and Diet on the "Brain-Gut" and "Gut-Brain" Pathways in Animal Models of Stress and Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042013. [PMID: 35216133 PMCID: PMC8875876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence is building for the involvement of the complex, bidirectional communication axis between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. With depression projected to be the number one health concern by 2030 and its pathophysiology yet to be fully elucidated, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between environmental factors, such as stress and diet, with the neurobiology of depression is needed. In this review, the latest research on the effects of stress on the bidirectional connections between the brain and the gut across the most widely used animal models of stress and depression is summarised, followed by comparisons of the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota across animal models of stress and depression with possible implications for the gut–brain axis and the impact of dietary changes on these. The composition of the gut microbiota was consistently altered across the animal models investigated, although differences between each of the studies and models existed. Chronic stressors appeared to have negative effects on both brain and gut health, while supplementation with prebiotics and/or probiotics show promise in alleviating depression pathophysiology.
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13
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Toenders YJ, Laskaris L, Davey CG, Berk M, Milaneschi Y, Lamers F, Penninx BWJH, Schmaal L. Inflammation and depression in young people: a systematic review and proposed inflammatory pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:315-327. [PMID: 34635789 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression onset peaks during adolescence and young adulthood. Current treatments are only moderately effective, driving the search for novel pathophysiological mechanisms underlying youth depression. Inflammatory dysregulation has been shown in adults with depression, however, less is known about inflammation in youth depression. This systematic review identified 109 studies examining the association between inflammation and youth depression and showed subtle evidence for inflammatory dysregulation in youth depression. Longitudinal studies support the bidirectional association between inflammation and depression in youth. We hypothesise multiple inflammatory pathways contributing to depression. More research is needed on anti-inflammatory treatments, potentially tailored to individual symptom profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara J Toenders
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Liliana Laskaris
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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14
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A short Mindfulness retreat can improve biological markers of stress and inflammation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 135:105579. [PMID: 34775250 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mindfulness practice, a form of meditation, has shown benefit for psychological and physical health. In this study, we investigated the effect of an intensive period of Mindfulness practice on some biological mediators of stress and inflammation during a 3-day residential retreat. METHODS A total of 95 healthy individuals (aged 18-67) were recruited and randomized to a Mindfulness retreat arm or an active control arm. Before (t0) and after (t1) the intervention, all the participants were assessed for salivary cortisol levels and for a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines measured in saliva. Psychometric measures on stress, anxiety and awareness were carried out using PSS, STAI-Y and MAAS questionnaires, respectively. RESULTS As to the within-group differences, we observed a statistically significant decrease in perceived stress (β = -8.85, p < 0.0001), and anxiety scores (β = -12.39, p < 0.0001), while awareness increased (β = 15.26, p < 0.0001) between t0 to t1 in retreat participants. In the mindfulness intervention group, we also observed a statistically significant reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (β = -0.94 p = 0.001) and IL-8 (β = -176.40, p < 0.0001), and an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 (β = 0.89 p < 0.0001) levels at the end of the retreat. At t1 we observed a highly significant correlation between cortisol levels and both anxiety (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001) and perceived stress (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001) scores. CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness retreat participants showed a significant reduction in perceived stress and anxiety levels, as well as an improved balance of some key mediators of inflammatory states. Our data provide evidence that a mindfulness retreat may be effective in improving physical and mental health. Future studies with larger numbers of subjects and follow-up periods may examine mindfulness practice as a non-pharmacological alternative to promote stress reduction and overall health and wellbeing.
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15
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Beigpoor A, McKinlay BJ, Kurgan N, Plyley MJ, O'Leary D, Falk B, Klentrou P. Cytokine concentrations in saliva vs. plasma at rest and in response to intense exercise in adolescent athletes. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:389-392. [PMID: 34514917 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1980105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary measures are advantageous in conducting large paediatric studies involving repeated measures. However, research measuring salivary cytokines in youth is limited. AIM Compare salivary with plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines at rest and following exercise in adolescent swimmers (21 male, 22 female). METHODS Following collection of resting saliva and blood samples, participants performed a bout of high-intensity interval swimming, with samples taken again ∼15 min post-swimming and analysed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS Resting IL-10 was significantly lower, while IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in saliva compared with plasma. IL-10 increased from pre- to post-swimming in plasma, but less so in saliva (51% vs. 29%; p = 0.02). TNF-α decreased post-swimming in saliva, but not in plasma (-27% vs -1%; p = 0.01). IL-6 decreased post-swimming in saliva compared with plasma (-21% vs. -3%; p = 0.06). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) revealed no association between salivary and plasma IL-6 and TNF-α, while IL-10 showed a weak correlation only at rest (ICC = 0.39; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Differences in concentrations and exercise responses, along with weak correlations, suggest that salivary cytokine levels are not an accurate representation of blood cytokine levels, and should not be used as a surrogate measure in paediatric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrisham Beigpoor
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Brandon J McKinlay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Michael J Plyley
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Deborah O'Leary
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Bareket Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
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16
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Martínez de Toda I, Ceprián N, Díaz-Del Cerro E, De la Fuente M. The Role of Immune Cells in Oxi-Inflamm-Aging. Cells 2021; 10:2974. [PMID: 34831197 PMCID: PMC8616159 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the result of the deterioration of the homeostatic systems (nervous, endocrine, and immune systems), which preserve the organism's health. We propose that the age-related impairment of these systems is due to the establishment of a chronic oxidative stress situation that leads to low-grade chronic inflammation throughout the immune system's activity. It is known that the immune system weakens with age, which increases morbidity and mortality. In this context, we describe how the function of immune cells can be used as an indicator of the rate of aging of an individual. In addition to this passive role as a marker, we describe how the immune system can work as a driver of aging by amplifying the oxidative-inflammatory stress associated with aging (oxi-inflamm-aging) and inducing senescence in far tissue cells. Further supporting our theory, we discuss how certain lifestyle conditions (such as social environment, nutrition, or exercise) can have an impact on longevity by affecting the oxidative and inflammatory state of immune cells, regulating immunosenescence and its contribution to oxi-inflamm-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (E.D.-D.C.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Ceprián
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (E.D.-D.C.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (E.D.-D.C.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (E.D.-D.C.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Stoffel M, Neubauer AB, Ditzen B. How to assess and interpret everyday life salivary cortisol measures: A tutorial on practical and statistical considerations. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105391. [PMID: 34607270 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Salivary cortisol has been the central marker in psychoneuroendocrinological stress research for three decades. Given the technological possibilities to assess data in ecologically valid circumstances, many studies have implemented longitudinal assessments of salivary cortisol in study participants' everyday life. Such studies bear the potential to understand real-life associations of cortisol with psychological traits, states, and health variables. Furthermore, changes in the neuroendocrine regulation and in cortisol reactivity can be used to evaluate the effects of behavioral interventions in real-life circumstances. While standardized paradigms have been developed to measure cortisol in laboratory settings, there is high heterogeneity in the assessment, statistical processing, and interpretation of everyday life cortisol measures. This methodological tutorial aims at summarizing important knowledge which had been accumulated during the past two decades and which could be used to set up an ambulatory assessment study focusing on salivary cortisol in everyday life. Practical advice for possible strategies at all stages of the research process is outlined in detail. Additionally, an example on how to statistically process cortisol data in a multilevel framework (including syntax) is provided. In these analyses, we investigate within- and between-person research questions regarding the association between stress and cortisol in daily life. Thus, the present work (a) can be used as tutorial for setting up everyday life studies focusing on the assessment of salivary cortisol, and (b) can be useful to avoid inconsistencies in study planning, data assessment and data processing in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stoffel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas B Neubauer
- Department for Education and Human Development, DIPF
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Guerrieri GM, Ben Dor R, Li X, Wei SM, Martinez PE, Neiman LK, Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ. The Cortisol and ACTH Response to Dex/CRH Testing in Women With and Without Perimenopausal Depression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3007-3018. [PMID: 34097071 PMCID: PMC8475231 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are frequent accompaniments of depression, and studies have documented the role of stress and stressful life events in the ontogeny of perimenopausal depressions (PMD). Because HPA axis function in women is further modulated both by aging and ovarian steroids, it is possible that a dysregulated HPA axis contributes to the increased risk of PMD. OBJECTIVE We examined HPA axis function in perimenopausal women with and without depression using the combined dexamethasone-corticotropin-releasing hormone (Dex/CRH) test. METHODS Dex/CRH tests were performed on 20 women with PMD and 20 women who were also perimenopausal but without current or past depression (control women). Main outcome measures were plasma levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC). Five women took chronic stable medications, otherwise all women were medically healthy, and both groups were comparable with respect to reproductive stage and age. Standardized symptom rating scales were administered to each woman prior to Dex/CRH testing. RESULTS No group differences were present in either baseline or stimulated ACTH and cortisol secretion. Baseline plasma measures of estradiol, progesterone, and 24-hour UFC levels similarly did not differ in PMD and control women. CONCLUSION Despite reports of increased stress responsiveness in PMD, we observed no abnormalities of HPA axis activity associated with PMD compared with women without depression. These findings suggest that PMD is not uniformly associated with HPA dysregulation and could reflect underlying pathophysiologic processes that are distinct from women with nonreproductive-related depressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia M Guerrieri
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Anesthesiology, Addiction Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Office of Neuroscience, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rivka Ben Dor
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaobai Li
- Biostatistics & Clinical Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shau-Ming Wei
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro E Martinez
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynnette K Neiman
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Schmidt
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Peter J. Schmidt, MD, National Institute of Mental Health, 10 CRC, Rm 25330, 10 Center Dr, MSC 1277, Bethesda, MD 20892-1277, USA.
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19
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Grupe DW, Stoller JL, Alonso C, McGehee C, Smith C, Mumford JA, Rosenkranz MA, Davidson RJ. The Impact of Mindfulness Training on Police Officer Stress, Mental Health, and Salivary Cortisol Levels. Front Psychol 2021; 12:720753. [PMID: 34539521 PMCID: PMC8448191 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaddressed occupational stress and trauma contribute to elevated rates of mental illness and suicide in policing, and to violent and aggressive behavior that disproportionately impacts communities of color. Emerging evidence suggests mindfulness training with police may reduce stress and aggression and improve mental health, but there is limited evidence for changes in biological outcomes or the lasting benefits of mindfulness training. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 114 police officers from three Midwestern U.S. law enforcement agencies. We assessed stress-related physical and mental health symptoms, blood-based inflammatory markers, and hair and salivary cortisol. Participants were then randomized to an 8-week mindfulness intervention or waitlist control (WLC), and the same assessments were repeated post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Relative to waitlist control, the mindfulness group had greater improvements in psychological distress, mental health symptoms, and sleep quality post-training, gains that were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Intervention participants also had a significantly lower cortisol awakening response (CAR) at 3-month follow-up relative to waitlist control. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no intervention effects on hair cortisol, diurnal cortisol slope, or inflammatory markers. In summary, an 8-week mindfulness intervention for police officers led to self-reported improvements in distress, mental health, and sleep, and a lower CAR. These benefits persisted (or emerged) at 3-month follow-up, suggesting that this training may buffer against the long-term consequences of chronic stress. Future research should assess the persistence of these benefits over a longer period while expanding the scope of outcomes to consider the broader community of mindfulness training for police. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov#NCT03488875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Grupe
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jonah L Stoller
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Chad McGehee
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Athletics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chris Smith
- Academy for Mindfulness, Glendale, WI, United States
| | - Jeanette A Mumford
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Melissa A Rosenkranz
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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20
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Lu L, Huang J, Deng X, Sun X, Dong J. Application of glucocorticoids in patients with novel coronavirus infection: From bench to bedside. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s257590002030009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have potential anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. There is plenty of controversy about the application of glucocorticoids in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper briefly summarizes the mechanism of glucocorticoids and their receptors and clinical applications in COVID-19. Through reviewing the current literature, our aim is to have a deeper understanding of the mechanism of GCs and their clinical applications, so as to find possible ways to enhance their efficacy and reduce drug resistance or side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Qingpu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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21
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Non-communicable diseases among women survivors of intimate partner violence: Critical review from a chronic stress framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:720-734. [PMID: 34252471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A neurobiological framework of chronic stress proposes that the stress-response system can be functionally altered by the repeated presentation of highly stressful situations over time. These functional alterations mainly affect brain processing and include the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and associated processes. In the present critical review, we translate these results to inform the clinical presentation of women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). We approach IPV as a scenario of chronic stress where women are repetitively exposed to threat and coping behaviours that progressively shape their neurobiological response to stress. The changes at the central and peripheral levels in turn correlate with the phenotypes of non-communicable diseases. The reviewed studies clarify the extent of the impact of IPV on women's health in large (N > 10,000) population-based designs, and provide observations on experimental neuroendocrine, immune, neurocognitive and neuroimaging research linking alterations of the stress-response system and disease. This evidence supports the prevention of violence against women as a fundamental action to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases.
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22
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The Effects of Perceived Stress and Cortisol Concentration on Antiretroviral Adherence When Mediated by Psychological Flexibility Among Southern Black Men Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:645-652. [PMID: 32902770 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study investigates the correlation between psychological stress and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and plasma HIV RNA (viral load) as mediated by psychological flexibility among Black men in the south. Data were collected from 48 HIV-positive, low income Black men. Results indicate a strong positive correlation between perceived stress and psychological inflexibility (adjusted for age and income rs = 0.67; p < 0.001), a negative correlation between psychological inflexibility and ART adherence (adjusted rs = - 0.32; p = 0.03), a negative correlation between perceived stress and ART adherence (adjusted rs = - 0.45; p = 0.006), and a negative correlation between ART adherence and viral load (adjusted rs = - 0.37; p = 0.04). Our findings suggest stress decreases adherence to ART and viral suppression among Black men living with HIV. However, psychological flexibility did not mediate the relationship between stress and treatment adherence. Hair cortisol concentrations were high (mean of 34.2 pg/mg), but uncorrelated with adherence.
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23
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Bertollo AG, Grolli RE, Plissari ME, Gasparin VA, Quevedo J, Réus GZ, Bagatini MD, Ignácio ZM. Stress and serum cortisol levels in major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 7:459-469. [PMID: 33263081 PMCID: PMC7701370 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the disorders that most causes disability and affects about 265 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Chronic stress is one of the most prevalent factors that trigger MDD. Among the most relevant biological mechanisms that mediate stress and MDD are changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. Hypercortisolism is one of the relevant mechanisms involved in response to stress and is present in many people with MDD and in animals subjected to stress in the laboratory. This study aimed to investigate the levels of stress and cortisol in individuals diagnosed with MDD from the Basic Health Unit (BHU) in a small city in the western region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Depression scores were assessed using Beck's inventory. For the investigation of stress, an adaptation with twenty-four questions of the Checklist-90-R manual was performed. The analysis of the cortisol levels in the individuals' serum was by the chemiluminescence method. Depression and stress scores were significantly higher in individuals with MDD than in control subjects (p < 0.001). Cortisol levels were also significantly higher in individuals with MDD (p < 0.05). Besides, depression scores were positively correlated with stress scores in individuals with MDD (Pearson's "r" = 0.70). Conclusion: Individuals with MDD had higher stress levels and cortisol than control subjects. The positive correlation between the levels of stress and depression in MDD individuals suggests that these conditions are related to a dysregulation of the HPA axis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Bertollo
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Roberta E Grolli
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos E Plissari
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Gasparin
- Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete D Bagatini
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide M Ignácio
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York (Mann, Rizk); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Mann, Rizk); Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Mann)
| | - Mina M Rizk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York (Mann, Rizk); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Mann, Rizk); Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Mann)
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25
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Bushell W, Castle R, Williams MA, Brouwer KC, Tanzi RE, Chopra D, Mills PJ. Meditation and Yoga Practices as Potential Adjunctive Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19: A Brief Overview of Key Subjects. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:547-556. [PMID: 32579021 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Editor's Note: As an acute condition quickly associated with multiple chronic susceptibilities, COVID-19 has rekindled interest in, and controversy about, the potential role of the host in disease processes. While hundreds of millions of research dollars have been funneled into drug and vaccine solutions that target the external agent, integrative practitioners tuned to enhancing immunity faced a familiar mostly unfunded task. First, go to school on the virus. Then draw from the global array of natural therapies and practices with host-enhancing or anti-viral capabilities to suggest integrative treatment strategies. The near null-set of conventional treatment options propels this investigation. In this paper, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of California-San Diego, Chopra Library for Integrative Studies, and Harvard University share one such exploration. Their conclusion, that "certain meditation, yoga asana (postures), and pranayama (breathing) practices may possibly be effective adjunctive means of treating and/or preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection" underscores the importance of this rekindling. At JACM, we are pleased to have the opportunity to publish this work. We hope that it might help diminish in medicine and health the polarization that, like so much in the broader culture, seems to be an obstacle to healing. -John Weeks, Editor-in-Chief, JACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bushell
- Biophysical/Medical Anthropology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Chopra Library for Integrative Studies, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AK, USA
| | - Ryan Castle
- Chopra Library for Integrative Studies, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AK, USA
| | - Michelle A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Brouwer
- Division of Global Health, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Chopra Library for Integrative Studies, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AK, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Mills
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Institute for Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Monteleone AM, Marciello F, Cascino G, Cimino M, Ruzzi V, Pellegrino F, Del Giorno C, Monteleone P. Early traumatic experiences impair the functioning of both components of the endogenous stress response system in adult people with eating disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 115:104644. [PMID: 32171902 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma is a non-specific risk factor for eating disorders (EDs). It has been suggested that this risk is exerted through trauma-induced long-lasting changes in the body stress response system. Therefore, we explored the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and of the sympathetic nervous system in adult ED patients with or without a history of childhood trauma exposure. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase, a marker of the sympathetic nervous system activity, were measured at awakening and after 15, 30 and 60 min in 35 women with EDs. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was employed to assess exposure to childhood trauma and, according to the CTQ cut-off scores, 21 ED women were classified as maltreated (Mal) participants and 14 women as no-maltreated (noMal) ED participants. Compared to noMal ED women, Mal ED participants showed significantly decreased cortisol awakening response (between group difference: p = 0.0003) and morning salivary alpha-amylase secretion (between group difference: p = 0.02). Present results confirm that the cortisol awakening response of adult ED patients with childhood trauma exposure is lower than that of adult ED patients without childhood trauma experiences and show for the first time that also the morning secretion of salivary alpha-amylase is decreased in adult ED patients who have been exposed to early traumatic experiences. These results point for the first time to a dampening in the basal activity of both components of the endogenous stress response system in childhood maltreated adult ED women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Marciello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giammarco Cascino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Cimino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ruzzi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pellegrino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Del Giorno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
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27
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Labanski A, Langhorst J, Engler H, Elsenbruch S. Stress and the brain-gut axis in functional and chronic-inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases: A transdisciplinary challenge. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 111:104501. [PMID: 31715444 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The broad role of stress in the brain-gut axis is widely acknowledged, with implications for multiple prevalent health conditions that are characterized by chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. These include the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia, as well as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Although the afferent and efferent pathways linking the gut and the brain are modulated by stress, the fields of neurogastroenterology and psychoneuroendocrinology (PNE)/ psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) remain only loosely connected. We aim to contribute to bringing these fields closer together by drawing attention to a fascinating, evolving research area, targeting an audience with a strong interest in the role of stress in health and disease. To this end, this review introduces the concept of the brain-gut axis and its major pathways, and provides a brief introduction to epidemiological and clinical aspects of FGIDs and IBD. From an interdisciplinary PNE/PNI perspective, we then detail current knowledge regarding the role of chronic and acute stress in the pathophysiology of FGID and IBD. We provide an overview of evidence regarding non-pharmacological treatment approaches that target central or peripheral stress mechanisms, and conclude with future directions, particularly those arising from recent advances in the neurosciences and discoveries surrounding the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Labanski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Chair for Integrative Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Clinic for Internal and Integrative Medicine, Klinikum Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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28
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Peters EMJ, Neusetzer M, Akinci S, Murat A, Treuherz S, Rose M, Leweke F, Leichsenring F, Conrad ML, Kruse J. Multimodal Psychotherapeutic Inpatient Therapy of Depression Is Successful in Patients With High Cytokine Production. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:571636. [PMID: 33240126 PMCID: PMC7667045 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.571636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In experimental settings, systemically elevated inflammation markers interfere with major depression treatment. In German healthcare, compulsory national health insurance covers treatment of a wide variety of depressive disorders, if it follows evidence-based medicine guidelines combining recommended therapies. To date, little is known about the relevance of immune system cytokine production with regard to real-world clinical care for patients with moderate depression. Methods: Seventy three patients with moderate depression subjected to multimodal psychotherapeutic inpatient therapy (mPT) following a psychodynamic concept at a German university hospital were included. As a primary outcome, mPT success, evidenced by delta HADS "depression," was analyzed according to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) challenge at baseline. Secondary outcomes addressed the inflammatory response and mental health comparing high and low TNFα-producers. Results: First, higher PBMC TNFα production at baseline predicted a better mPT-outcome (R 2 0.162, p = 0.014). Second, patients with high TNFα (hTNF) at baseline produced significantly more acute inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)1β, IL6), TH1/TH2 cytokines [interferon gamma (IFNγ), IL4] as well as eotaxin and IL2 compared to low TNFα producers (lTNF) (Cohen's ds between -0.532 and -1.013). Demographic data, diagnosis subtype-distribution, medication, systemic inflammation markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), leptin], anxiety and depression (HADS) did not differ. From baseline to mPT-discharge, HADS "depression" decreased in both hTNF (11.31 to 5.47, p = 0.001, d = 1.184) and lTNF patients (11.50-7.92, p = 0.001, d = -0.765), while PBMC cytokine production decreased significantly in hTNF (Cohen's ds between -0.304 and -0.345) with a significant group by time interaction for TH1/TH2 ratio. At the end of therapy, comparison of TNF groups revealed significantly lower depression-scores in hTNF compared to lTNF patients (5.47 compared to 7.92, p = 0.035, d = 0.504). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates successful treatment of depression in a clinical care setting using multimodal psychotherapy based on a psychodynamic concept following guideline recommendation. The greatest improvement in patient depression was linked to the highest production of TNFα by PBMCs at baseline. Our study contributes to the definition of patient subpopulations with differing cytokine responses that are related to succesful treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M J Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany.,Division for General Internal Medicine, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Neusetzer
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Secil Akinci
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Aysenur Murat
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sabine Treuherz
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Matthias Rose
- Division for General Internal Medicine, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Leweke
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Falk Leichsenring
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Melanie L Conrad
- Division for General Internal Medicine, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Center 5 Laboratory and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
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29
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McKim DB, Yin W, Wang Y, Cole SW, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF. Social Stress Mobilizes Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Establish Persistent Splenic Myelopoiesis. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2552-2562.e3. [PMID: 30485819 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress accelerates myelopoietic production of monocytes and neutrophils that contributes to a variety of health complications ranging from atherosclerosis to anxiety. Here, we show that social stress in mice mobilizes hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the bone marrow that enter circulation, engraft into the spleen, and establish a persistent extramedullary hematopoietic depot. These splenic progenitors actively proliferate and differentiate into multiple cell types, including monocytes, neutrophils, and erythrocytes. Splenic erythropoiesis partially abrogates stress-induced anemia. Repeated injection with isoprenaline induces progenitor mobilization to the spleen, identifying a key role for β-adrenergic signaling. Moreover, protracted splenic production of CD11b+ cells persists for at least 24 days after the cessation of social stress. Thus, chronic stress establishes a persistent extramedullary hematopoietic depot that can modify a wide range of chronic disease processes and alter homeostasis of the bi-directional regulatory axis between the nervous and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B McKim
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Wenyuan Yin
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yufen Wang
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John F Sheridan
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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30
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Gibson D, Mehler PS. Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111915. [PMID: 31717370 PMCID: PMC6912362 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of an increasing number of chronic diseases is being attributed to effects of the immune system. However, its role in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa is seemingly under-appreciated. Yet, in examining the available research on the immune system and genetic studies in anorexia nervosa, one becomes increasingly suspicious of the immune system’s potential role in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Specifically, research is suggestive of increased levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor in anorexia nervosa; genetic studies further support a dysregulated immune system in this disorder. Potential contributors to this dysregulated immune system are discussed including increased oxidative stress, chronic physiological/psychological stress, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and an abnormal bone marrow microenvironment, all of which are present in anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gibson
- Assistant Medical Director, ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders @ Denver Health; Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; 777 Bannock St., Denver, CO 80204, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +303-602-5067; Fax: +303-602-3811
| | - Philip S Mehler
- President, Eating Recovery Center; Founder and Executive Medical Director, ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders @ Denver Health; Glassman Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; 7351 E Lowry Blvd, Suite 200, Denver, CO 80230, USA;
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31
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Martínez de Toda I, Miguélez L, Siboni L, Vida C, De la Fuente M. High perceived stress in women is linked to oxidation, inflammation and immunosenescence. Biogerontology 2019; 20:823-835. [PMID: 31396798 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress situations lead to an impairment of immune response and higher oxidative and inflammatory stress, which are important underlying mechanisms of the ageing process. However, given that the physiological stress response depends on the subjective appraisal of a given stressor, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect that different degrees of perceived stress have, regardless of their type, on immune functions, oxidative and inflammatory stress and ageing rate of women (30-50 years old). For that purpose, a group of 49 women was classified, according to their scores obtained in the perceived stress scale (PSS), into low (n = 23), moderate (n = 14) and high (n = 12) degree of perceived stress. The immune functions studied were: neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil phagocytic capacity, natural killer activity, lymphoproliferation and LPS-stimulated cytokine release. Basal cytokine release was studied as an inflammatory stress marker. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, and reduced glutathione) and oxidant compounds (oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde) were also investigated in whole blood as markers of oxidative stress. The results show that, in general, women with a moderate or high degree of perceived stress have a worse immune functionality and higher oxidative and inflammatory stress compared to women with low stress perception. In addition, a positive correlation was found between PSS scores and the biological age of each woman (P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, high levels of perceived stress in women are associated with a higher oxidative and inflammatory stress and immunosenescence, which seem to accelerate their ageing rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Miguélez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - León Siboni
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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Besedovsky L, Lange T, Haack M. The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1325-1380. [PMID: 30920354 PMCID: PMC6689741 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and immunity are bidirectionally linked. Immune system activation alters sleep, and sleep in turn affects the innate and adaptive arm of our body's defense system. Stimulation of the immune system by microbial challenges triggers an inflammatory response, which, depending on its magnitude and time course, can induce an increase in sleep duration and intensity, but also a disruption of sleep. Enhancement of sleep during an infection is assumed to feedback to the immune system to promote host defense. Indeed, sleep affects various immune parameters, is associated with a reduced infection risk, and can improve infection outcome and vaccination responses. The induction of a hormonal constellation that supports immune functions is one likely mechanism underlying the immune-supporting effects of sleep. In the absence of an infectious challenge, sleep appears to promote inflammatory homeostasis through effects on several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines. This notion is supported by findings that prolonged sleep deficiency (e.g., short sleep duration, sleep disturbance) can lead to chronic, systemic low-grade inflammation and is associated with various diseases that have an inflammatory component, like diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. Here, we review available data on this regulatory sleep-immune crosstalk, point out methodological challenges, and suggest questions open for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Besedovsky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Monika Haack
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
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33
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Stress and inflammation - The need to address the gap in the transition between acute and chronic stress effects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 105:164-171. [PMID: 30826163 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress responses help us navigate our environment and respond appropriately to threats. Stress systems communicate threats to the entire organism, and as such, also stimulate inflammatory mechanisms. This modulation might serve protective functions in the short term, but sustained low-grade inflammation has severe long-term health consequences. While we have reached a reasonable level of understanding of acute, as well as chronic stress effects on inflammatory mechanisms, there is a significant gap in our understanding of the transitional phase between acute and chronic stress. The purpose of this review is to first summarize current knowledge of our understanding of acute stress effects on inflammation, as well as of chronic stress effects on inflammation, and to then analyze the state of knowledge about the transitional phase between acute and chronic stress. Research discussed here shows that we are beginning to understand the early phase of repeated acute stress, but lack information on longer term exposure to repeated acute stress experiences. More research is needed to bridge this important gap und our conceptualization and understanding of the stress and health relationship.
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34
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Physical Exercise and Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8323-8335. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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A clinical model for identifying an inflammatory phenotype in mood disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:148-158. [PMID: 30954775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, clinical research has found inflammatory correlates of psychiatric disorders, particularly mood symptomatology. Biological measures may provide greater precision in many cases and may capture clinically-relevant inflammatory signposts, such as central obesity risk, inflammation-associated co-morbid medical conditions, or proinflammatory lifestyle choices. In order to expand understanding of the role of inflammation in mood disorders, we propose a more inclusive clinical model for capturing an inflammatory phenotype of depression by identifying clinically-relevant inflammatory phenotypes grounded in biology. Our model includes chronic conditions and lifestyle behaviors associated with clinically elevated inflammation in mood disorders. Elements of this "inflamed depression" model include: obesity, low HDL concentrations, elevated triglyceride concentrations, chronically elevated blood pressure, clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism, migraines, rheumatoid arthritis, adult onset diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, inflammatory skin conditions, and lifestyle factors including smoking cigarettes and chronic stress.
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36
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Ross CL. Energy Medicine: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Glob Adv Health Med 2019; 8:2164956119831221. [PMID: 30834177 PMCID: PMC6396053 DOI: 10.1177/2164956119831221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current practices in allopathic medicine measure different types of energy in the human body by using quantum field dynamics involved in nuclear medicine, radiology, and imaging diagnostics. Once diagnosed, current treatments revert to biochemistry instead of using biophysics therapies to treat the disturbances in subtle energies detected and used for diagnostics. Quantum physics teaches us there is no difference between energy and matter. All systems in the human being, from the atomic to the molecular level, are constantly in motion-creating resonance. This resonance is important to understanding how subtle energy directs and maintains health and wellness in the human being. Energy medicine (EM), whether human touch or device-based, is the use of known subtle energy fields to therapeutically assess and treat energetic imbalances, bringing the body's systems back to homeostasis (balance). The future of EM depends on the ability of allopathic medicine to merge physics with biochemistry. Biophoton emissions as well as signal transduction and cell signaling communication systems are widely accepted in today's medicine. This technology needs to be expanded to include the existence of the human biofield (or human energy field) to better understand that disturbances in the coherence of energy patterns are indications of disease and aging. Future perspectives include understanding cellular voltage potentials and how they relate to health and wellness, understanding the overlap between the endocrine and chakra systems, and understanding how EM therapeutically enhances psychoneuroimmunology (mind-body) medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ross
- Wake Forest Center for Integrative Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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37
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Bennett JM, Rohleder N, Sturmberg JP. Biopsychosocial approach to understanding resilience: Stress habituation and where to intervene. J Eval Clin Pract 2018; 24:1339-1346. [PMID: 30338615 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience in the face of adversity is a human experience that leads to better health, both mentally and physically. We briefly review its historical origins rooted in ecological biology and its adoption into health care. Resilience is the common response to adversity or potential traumatic events. Individual differences in emotion regulation and coping skills as well as social capital and one's physical environment influence a person's ability to achieve resilience. PROPOSED MECHANISM One potential biopsychosocial measure of resilience includes stress habituation to repeated stress as demonstrated in the laboratory, possibly providing a tool to observe mastery of resilience training in the clinic. Evidence-based interventions at the individual and small group level (eg, family, classroom) have successfully shown development of resilient behaviours and improved mental and physical health outcomes. However, the role of social context and public policy clearly influence an individual's ability to be resilient. CONCLUSIONS Despite the current limited evidence of the effectiveness of resilience building interventions, clinicians, researchers, and other health care professions have an obligation to become advocates for laws and policies that support the most vulnerable, and least resilient, in our society to attain resilience for their health. This salutary effect will enable them to become socially as well as economically productive members of the community at large. It is not possible to remove stress or adversity from life, but we can influence the development of regulatory flexibility and decrease the sociocultural factors linked to the nonresilient experience, thus mitigating adversity's long-term effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim P Sturmberg
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,International Society for Systems and Complexity Sciences for Health, Newtown, PA, USA
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Engler H, Elsenbruch S, Rebernik L, Köcke J, Cramer H, Schöls M, Langhorst J. Stress burden and neuroendocrine regulation of cytokine production in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 98:101-107. [PMID: 30125791 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress demonstrably contributes to disease course in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated if neuroendocrine regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood immune cells is altered in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission (UCR). Using a whole blood stimulation assay, we measured the sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α and IL-10 production to the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (DEX), the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline (TERB), and the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist 3-[2,4-dimethoxy-benzylidene]-anabaseine (GTS-21) in UCR patients (N = 26) and in healthy controls (HC, N = 25). Additionally, we assessed anxiety and depression symptoms as well as chronic perceived stress and disease-specific quality of life. Results showed that UCR patients exhibited greater anxiety, depression and chronic stress levels than HC, and reduced disease-specific quality of life. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were significantly higher, while LPS-induced IL-10 production was substantially lower in UCR compared to HC. Independent of group, DEX and GTS-21 dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α and IL-10 production, whereas TERB inhibited TNF-α and upregulated IL-10 production. However, at higher TERB doses (i.e., stress levels), upregulation of IL-10 production was significantly diminished in UCR compared to HC. Together, these findings demonstrate that downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood immune cells through glucocorticoid, adrenergic, and cholinergic mechanisms is essentially normal in UC in clinical remission and as efficient as in healthy individuals. However, UCR patients exhibited signs of systemic low-grade inflammation and dysregulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. Impaired adrenergic upregulation of IL-10 production during remission could be one mechanism how stress facilitates relapse and conversion to symptomatic disease in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Rebernik
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Janina Köcke
- Department of Integrative Gastroenterology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Margarita Schöls
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Integrative Gastroenterology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Integrative Gastroenterology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Chair for Integrative Medicine and Translational Gastroenterology, Klinikum Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Lindsay KL, Buss C, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S. Maternal Stress Potentiates the Effect of an Inflammatory Diet in Pregnancy on Maternal Concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091252. [PMID: 30200631 PMCID: PMC6163870 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal inflammation during pregnancy is known to adversely impact fetal development, birth outcomes, and offspring physical and mental health. Diet and stress have been identified as important determinants of inflammation, yet their combined effects have not been examined in the context of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal diet with inflammatory potential and psychological stress, and to determine their interaction effect on concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α across pregnancy. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of n = 202 women with three assessments during pregnancy, which included: ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of maternal stress using the perceived stress scale (PSS) short version; 24-h dietary recalls from which the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was computed; and serum measurements of TNF-α. Across pregnancy, higher perceived stress was associated with consumption of a more pro-inflammatory diet (r = 0.137; p < 0.05). In a linear regression model adjusted for covariates, DII was positively associated with TNF-α (B = 0.093, p = 0.010). The effect of the pro-inflammatory diet on concentrations of TNF-α was more pronounced in women reporting higher levels of stress (B = 0.134, p = 0.018 for DII*PSS interaction). These results highlight the need to consider nutrition and stress concurrently in the context of inflammation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Lindsay
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Claudia Buss
- UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Sonja Entringer
- UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Langgartner D, Füchsl AM, Kaiser LM, Meier T, Foertsch S, Buske C, Reber SO, Mulaw MA. Biomarkers for classification and class prediction of stress in a murine model of chronic subordination stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202471. [PMID: 30183738 PMCID: PMC6124755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selye defined stress as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand and thus an inherent element of all diseases. He reported that rats show adrenal hypertrophy, thymicolymphatic atrophy, and gastrointestinal ulceration, referred to as the stress triad, upon repeated exposure to nocuous agents. However, Selye's stress triad as well as its extended version including reduced body weight gain, increased plasma glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations, and GC resistance of target cells do not represent reliable discriminatory biomarkers for chronic stress. To address this, we collected multivariate biological data from male mice exposed either to the preclinically validated chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm or to single-housed control (SHC) condition. We then used principal component analysis (PCA), top scoring pairs (tsp) and support vector machines (SVM) analyses to identify markers that discriminate between chronically stressed and non-stressed mice. PCA segregated stressed and non-stressed mice, with high loading for some of Selye's stress triad parameters. The tsp analysis, a simple and highly interpretable statistical approach, identified left adrenal weight and relative thymus weight as the pair with the highest discrimination score and prediction accuracy validated by a blinded dataset (92% p-value < 0.0001; SVM model = 83% accuracy and p-value < 0.0001). This finding clearly shows that simultaneous consideration of these two parameters can be used as a reliable biomarker of chronic stress status. Furthermore, our analysis highlights that the tsp approach is a very powerful method whose application extends beyond what has previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea M. Füchsl
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Kaiser
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Meier
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Foertsch
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Buske
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie A. Mulaw
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Penz M, Kirschbaum C, Buske-Kirschbaum A, Wekenborg MK, Miller R. Stressful life events predict one-year change of leukocyte composition in peripheral blood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 94:17-24. [PMID: 29751249 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of cross-sectional studies suggest that psychological stress resulting from experiencing stressful life events (SLE) can result in an altered immune response. Potential maladaptive immune changes may outlast the event and affect the organism long after stress cessation. As a consequence, an increased vulnerability for immune-mediated pathologies (e.g. arthritis, diabetes) may develop over the life span. The objective of the present study was to monitor the longitudinal kinetics of peripheral white blood cells (WBCs; neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) in response to SLE. Here we present blood, hair, and behavioural measures obtained in the Dresden Burnout Study, at first visit (T1; N = 446) and one year later (T2; N = 173). Cumulative impact of SLE was assessed at T1 with the Life Stressor Checklist (LSC-R). Results indicate a significant increase in neutrophils (+2.8% per each 10 LSC-R points) between T1 and T2 in association with reported SLE. The change in neutrophils tended to correlate with the change in hair cortisol (Coheńs f = 0.6). We propose that SLE trigger immunological alterations that persist across time and thereby promote a continuous effect on WBC distribution. Such an effect might advance subclinical inflammatory processes, reduce an individualś immune defence, and promote a link between psychological stress and physical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Penz
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Robert Miller
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Devine JK, Bertisch SM, Yang H, Scott-Sutherland J, Wilkins A, Molina V, Henrikson K, Haack M. Glucocorticoid and inflammatory reactivity to a repeated physiological stressor in insomnia disorder. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2018; 6:77-84. [PMID: 31236523 PMCID: PMC6586925 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite known associations of insomnia disorder with alterations in cytokine and glucocorticoid (GC) production, neither the sensitivity of immune cells to a GC signal nor the reactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory system to stress, or adaptation of these systems to repeated stress have been assessed in patients with insomnia. To investigate potential dysregulation in stress reactivity and adaptation to repeated exposure, a physiological stressor (the cold pressor test; CPT) was repeatedly administered to N = 20 participants with insomnia disorder (based on DSM-V, 18 females, age 30 ± 2.5 years) and N = 20 sex-matched healthy controls following an at-home actigraphy and in-laboratory PSG. HPA and inflammatory markers (serum cortisol, plasma interleukin [IL]-6) were measured at baseline/resting levels and following each of the three CPTs. In addition, sensitivity of monocytes to the synthetic GC dexamethasone was assessed in-vitro at baseline levels in order to examine the cortisol-IL-6 interplay at the cell level. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with insomnia disorder exhibited shorter sleep duration as assessed by actigraphy and PSG (p ≤ 0.05). HPA, but not inflammatory reactivity to the repeated CPT challenge was greater in insomnia disorder (p ≤ 0.05 for group effect), due to greater cortisol responses to the initial CPT (p ≤ 0.05). There were no between-group differences in the ability of the HPA to adapt to stress repetition nor in basal/resting levels of cortisol, IL-6, and GC sensitivity. These findings suggest that insomnia disorder potentiates HPA axis reactivity to initial/novel stressors, which may constitute a pathway underlying adverse health consequences in the long term. Insomnia disorder potentiates HPA, but not inflammatory reactivity to a novel stressor. The ability of the HPA axis to adapt to the repeated exposure to the same stressor is unchanged in insomnia. Basal/resting levels of cortisol, IL-6, and their interplay at cell level (i.e., GC sensitivity of monocytes) are unchanged in insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Devine
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330, Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - S M Bertisch
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330, Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - H Yang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330, Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - J Scott-Sutherland
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330, Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - A Wilkins
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330, Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - V Molina
- University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - K Henrikson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330, Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M Haack
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330, Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Penz M, Wekenborg MK, Pieper L, Beesdo-Baum K, Walther A, Miller R, Stalder T, Kirschbaum C. The Dresden Burnout Study: Protocol of a prospective cohort study for the bio-psychological investigation of burnout. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1613. [PMID: 29611872 PMCID: PMC6877172 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Dresden Burnout Study (DBS) is a 12-year longitudinal cohort study that aims to provide a description of the burnout syndrome on the basis of time and symptom criteria with a special focus on the search for biomarkers. Biological and psychosocial approaches are applied to examine the long-term course and consequences of burnout within a population-based German-speaking sample aged 18 to 68 years. METHODS Demographics and psychosocial data are generated by online assessments, including demographics and questionnaires on burnout, burnout-related constructs, work-environment, and health-related factors. The lab-based biomarker assessment includes endocrine, physiological, immunological, and epigenetic markers obtained from blood and hair samples. In addition, heart rate variability is also measured repeatedly. Within the first 2 years, the DBS collected psychosocial data from over 7,600 participants with biological data obtained from more than 800 individuals. During the following 10 years, detailed assessments of biomarkers and psychosocial factors will be collected in annual study waves. RESULTS Results will be generated during the following decade. CONCLUSION The findings of the DBS are expected to pave the road for an in-depth biopsychosocial characterization of burnout and to give insight into the long-term course and potential mental and physical health consequences of the burnout syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Penz
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magdalena K Wekenborg
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Pieper
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Behavioral Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Behavioral Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Miller
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Sun X, Deng X, Cai W, Li W, Shen Z, Jiang T, Huang J. Icariin inhibits LPS-induced cell inflammatory response by promoting GRα nuclear translocation and upregulating GRα expression. Life Sci 2018; 195:33-43. [PMID: 29317219 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid isolated from certain plant species in the genus Epimedium, especially Epimedium brevicornum. Previous studies indicated that ICA has certain regulatory effects on some inflammatory diseases, and that ICA regulates the activity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and NF-κB. But the causal link between GR and NF-κB and other downstream pathways in effects of ICA remained elusive, therefore here we have investigated whether ICA could promote GR function, in turn, to regulate NF-κB and/or other factors to achieve its anti-inflammatory effect. MAIN METHODS Inflammatory cell models were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 and HeLa cell line. Observation of GRα nuclear translocation by confocal laser scanning microscopy. GRα and inflammatory cytokines expression was detected by RT-qPCR, Western Blotting and ELISA. Co-immunoprecipitation technique was used to detect the binding of GRα to downstream transcription factors. GRα activity was blocked by GRα antagonist RU486, and GR downstream transcription factors including NF-κB, c-Jun, and Stat3 were silenced by corresponding RNA interference. KEY FINDINGS In both inflammatory cell models, ICA decreased LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). While ICA up-regulated the amount of GRα and promoted its nucleus translocation. The increased GRα in the nucleus by ICA bound more NF-κB, c-Jun, and Stat3. Blockade GRα and silence of NF-κB, c-Jun, and Stat3 expression partially abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of ICA. SIGNIFICANCE Promoted GR function and the consequent inhibition of pro-inflammatory transcription factors contribute a main mechanism by which ICA exerts its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Sun
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Waijiao Cai
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziyin Shen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tinghui Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rohleder
- Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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46
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Jonker I, Schoevers R, Klein H, Rosmalen J. The association between herpes virus infections and functional somatic symptoms in a general population of adolescents. The TRAILS study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185608. [PMID: 29045430 PMCID: PMC5646771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FSS have been suggested to follow activation of the immune system, triggered by herpes virus infections. The aim of this study was to find out whether herpes virus infections were associated with the experience of FSS in adolescents, and whether this association was mediated by hsCRP, as a general marker of immune activation. Methods This study was performed in TRAILS, a large prospective population cohort of 2230 adolescents (mean age: 16.1 years, SD = .66, 53.4% girls). FSS were assessed using the somatic complaints subscale of the Youth Self-Report. FSS were analyzed as total scores and divided in two group clusters based on previous studies in this cohort. Levels of hsCRP and antibody levels to the herpes viruses HSV1, HSV2, CMV, EBV and HHV6 were assessed in blood samples at age 16. Also a value for pathogen burden was created adding the number of viruses the adolescents were seropositive for. Multiple regression analysis with bootstrapping was used to analyze the association between viral antibodies and pathogen burden, hsCRP and FSS scores. Results Antibody levels and pathogen burden were not associated with FSS total scores or FSS scores in both symptom groups. hsCRP was associated with the total FSS score (B = .02, 95% CI: .004 to .028, p = .01) and FSS score in the symptom group of headache and gastrointestinal complaints (B = .02, 95% CI: .001 to .039, p = .04). Conclusion Our study showed no association between herpes virus infections and FSS in general or specific FSS symptom clusters. A role for inflammatory processes in FSS development was supported by the significant association we found between hsCRP levels and FSS, especially in the symptom group of headache and gastrointestinal complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Jonker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Schoevers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Klein
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Rosmalen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Association between Stress and the HPA Axis in the Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102131. [PMID: 29023418 PMCID: PMC5666813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the body’s neuroendocrine networks that responds to psychological stress (PS). In the skin, there exists a peripheral HPA axis similar to the central axis. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are key effector molecules of the HPA axis and are essential for cutaneous homeostasis. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a condition typically characterized by a chronic relapsing course that often results in PS. HPA dysfunction is present in AD patients by the decreased response of GCs elevation to stress as compared to those unaffected by AD. Nevertheless, in skin, acute PS activates several metabolic responses that are of immediate benefit to the host. During the acute phase of PS, increased endogenous GCs have been shown to provide benefit rather than by aggravating cutaneous inflammatory dermatoses. However, a chronic T helper cell type 2 (Th2) predominant cytokine profile acts as a negative feedback loop to blunt the HPA axis response in AD. In this article, we reviewed the role of CRF, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, GCs of the HPA, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) in AD, with a discussion of the pathogenetic mechanisms of inflammation and skin barrier functions, including antimicrobial defense, and their association with PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Kai Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Lily Zhong
- Citrus Valley Medical Center, West Covina, CA 91790, USA.
| | - Juan Luis Santiago
- Dermatology Service & Translational Research Unit (UIT), Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain.
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Sin NL, Ong AD, Stawski RS, Almeida DM. Daily positive events and diurnal cortisol rhythms: Examination of between-person differences and within-person variation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 83:91-100. [PMID: 28601752 PMCID: PMC5541940 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence from field studies has linked daily stressors to dysregulated patterns of diurnal cortisol. Less is known about whether naturally-occurring positive events in everyday life are associated with diurnal cortisol. The objectives of this study were to evaluate daily positive events as predictors of between-person differences and within-person (day-to-day) variations in diurnal cortisol parameters, in addition to daily positive events as buffers against the associations between daily stressors and cortisol. In the National Study of Daily Experiences, 1657 adults ages 33-84 (57% female) reported daily experiences during telephone interviews on 8 consecutive evenings. Saliva samples were collected 4 times per day on 4 interview days and assayed for cortisol. Multilevel models were used to estimate associations of daily positive events with cortisol awakening response (CAR), diurnal cortisol slope, and area under the curve (AUC). At the between-person level, people who experienced more frequent positive events exhibited a steeper diurnal cortisol slope, controlling for daily stressors, daily affect, and other covariates. At the within-person level, positive events in the morning (but not prior-night or afternoon/evening events) predicted steeper decline in cortisol across that day; positive events were also marginally associated with lower same-day AUC. Associations were not mediated by daily positive affect, and positive events did not buffer against stressor-related cortisol alterations. These findings indicate that individual differences and day-to-day variations in daily positive events are associated with diurnal cortisol patterns, independent of stressors and affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L. Sin
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University,Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Anthony D. Ong
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University,Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Robert S. Stawski
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University
| | - David M. Almeida
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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Černelič-Bizjak M, Jenko-Pražnikar Z. Body dissatisfaction predicts inflammatory status in asymptomatic healthy individuals. J Health Psychol 2017; 23:25-35. [PMID: 28810361 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316672923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction may play some role in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. This study examined relations between body dissatisfaction and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and anti-inflammatory adiponectin, and to explore positive changes in relevant lifestyle behaviour after these associations. A total of 33 asymptomatic overweight men and women were evaluated at the baseline and after a 6-month lifestyle behaviour intervention. Body dissatisfaction emerged as an important predictor of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers and may promote the production of inflammatory cytokines by reducing the level of anti-inflammatory and increasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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50
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Chen X, Gianferante D, Hanlin L, Fiksdal A, Breines JG, Thoma MV, Rohleder N. HPA-axis and inflammatory reactivity to acute stress is related with basal HPA-axis activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 78:168-176. [PMID: 28209543 PMCID: PMC5375039 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is drawing attention as pathway between psychosocial stress and health, and basal HPA axis activity has been suggested to exert a consistent regulatory influence on peripheral inflammation. Here we studied the relationship between basal HPA axis activity and inflammatory and HPA axis acute stress reactivity. METHODS We recruited 48 healthy individuals and collected saliva for diurnal cortisol sampling at 6 points. Participants were previously exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) on two consecutive days. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and salivary cortisol reactivity to acute stress were measured, and their relationships with basal HPA axis activity were analyzed. RESULTS Steeper cortisol awakening response (CAR) linear increase was related with stronger cortisol stress reactivity (γ=0.015; p=0.042) and marginally significantly with greater habituation (γ=0.01; p=0.066). Greater curvilinearity of CAR was related with stronger cortisol reactivity (γ=-0.014; p=0.021) and greater cortisol habituation (γ=-0.011; p=0.006). Steeper daily linear decline was related with significant or marginally significantly stronger cortisol and IL-6 reactivity (cortisol: γ=-0.0004; p=0.06; IL-6: γ=-0.028; p=0.031) and greater habituation (cortisol: γ=-0.002; p=0.009, IL-6: γ=-0.015; p=0.033). Greater curvilinearity of daily decline was related with stronger IL-6 reactivity (γ=0.002; p=0.024) and also greater cortisol and IL-6 habituation (cortisol: γ=0.00009; p=0.03, IL-6: γ=0.001; p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS Patterns of basal HPA axis activity that are related with healthier outcomes were found to be related with stronger initial cortisol and IL-6 reactivity and greater habituation. This is an important step in understanding the long-term health implications of acute stress responsiveness, and future studies should employ longitudinal designs to identify the direction of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Chen
- Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Danielle Gianferante
- Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Luke Hanlin
- Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Alexander Fiksdal
- Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Juliana G. Breines
- Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Myriam V. Thoma
- Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States,Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States; Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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