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Li L, Xu J, Liang Y. The formation and evolution of vulnerability risk of rural poor groups under the perspective of social support -- based on the analysis of "sensitivity-resilience". Heliyon 2024; 10:e30305. [PMID: 38720753 PMCID: PMC11076961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The anticipated sensitivity and resilience practices of the poor groups expose them to significant vulnerability risks, with social support actions arising from the return to poverty posing additional interference. To comprehensively prevent and mitigate vulnerability risks, breakthroughs in corresponding social support are essential. This study, through questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews, collected original data from 750 impoverished households in Lantian County, northwest China. Using a bottom-up approach, it constructed a "sensitivity-resilience" framework to assess the vulnerability and resilience mechanisms of the relatively poor groups. The research reveals that vulnerability and resilience interact in response to risk shocks. The strong livelihood dependence, capital accumulation deficiency, and sensitivity characteristics of social marginalization among rural relatively poor groups, coupled with fragmented and inefficient social support, exacerbate the degree of vulnerability risks, leading to an amplification of sensitivity and a reduction in resilience. Based on these findings, targeted at the characteristics of vulnerability risks and the fatigue factors of social support, this study proposes policy recommendations at two levels: system reengineering to reduce sensitivity and long-term reengineering to enhance resilience, aiming to prevent large-scale return to poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Li
- School of Humanities and Social Development, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- School of Humanities and Social Development, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yunjuan Liang
- School of Humanities and Social Development, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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2
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Oliveira ML, Biggers A, Oddo VM, Yanez B, Booms E, Sharp L, Naylor K, Wolf PG, Tussing-Humphreys L. A Perspective Review on Diet Quality, Excess Adiposity, and Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Implications for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. J Nutr 2024; 154:1069-1079. [PMID: 38453027 PMCID: PMC11007745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Although the overall incidence of CRC has been decreasing over the past 40 y, early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), which is defined as a CRC diagnosis in patients aged >50 y has increased. In this Perspective, we highlight and summarize the association between diet quality and excess adiposity, and EOCRC. We also explore chronic psychosocial stress (CPS), a less investigated modifiable risk factor, and EOCRC. We were able to show that a poor-quality diet, characterized by a high intake of sugary beverages and a Western diet pattern (high intake of red and processed meats, refined grains, and foods with added sugars) can promote risk factors associated with EOCRC development, such as an imbalance in the composition and function of the gut microbiome, presence of chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Excess adiposity, particularly obesity onset in early adulthood, is a likely contributor of EOCRC. Although the research is sparse examining CPS and CRC/EOCRC, we describe likely pathways linking CPS to tumorigenesis. Although additional research is needed to understand what factors are driving the uptick in EOCRC, managing body weight, improving diet quality, and mitigating psychosocial stress, may play an important role in reducing an individual's risk of EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Lima Oliveira
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Alana Biggers
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vanessa M Oddo
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Betina Yanez
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emily Booms
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lisa Sharp
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Keith Naylor
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Patricia G Wolf
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Kosendiak AA, Adamczak BB, Kuźnik Z, Makles S. Impact of Medical School on the Relationship between Nutritional Knowledge and Sleep Quality-A Longitudinal Study of Students at Wroclaw Medical University in Poland. Nutrients 2024; 16:278. [PMID: 38257170 PMCID: PMC10819250 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the first year of medical school on the relationship between nutritional knowledge and sleep. To achieve this, first-year medical students at Wroclaw Medical University were invited to participate in the study during both the initial and final months of their first academic year. The study included 570 students in the initial period and 705 in the latter. The research questionnaire comprised the KomPAN, assessing nutritional knowledge, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), evaluating sleep quality. The majority of students demonstrated at least sufficient nutritional knowledge, while approximately two-thirds of students experienced poor sleep in both periods. Notably, sleep quality further deteriorated in the second period (PSQI total score: 6.86 vs. 7.38, p = 0.0157). This change was influenced mainly by a decrease in sleep duration and an increase in the use of sleep medications (both p < 0.0001). The significant difference in overall sleep quality between different nutritional knowledge levels emerged only in the second semester, where students with the highest nutritional knowledge slept the best, while those with the lowest slept the worst (p = 0.0001). Crucially, in both periods, the use of sleep medications was highest among individuals with insufficient nutritional knowledge. Throughout the academic year, the usage increased for all except those with the highest nutritional knowledge, who exhibited the best sleep (p < 0.0001). The escalating use of sleep medications among medical students warrants greater attention, and leveraging the relationship between nutritional knowledge and sleep could prove beneficial, as positive habits in one domain may positively influence the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartosz Bogusz Adamczak
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Kuźnik
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Makles
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland
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Martinez GJ, Appleton M, Kipp ZA, Loria AS, Min B, Hinds TD. Glucocorticoids, their uses, sexual dimorphisms, and diseases: new concepts, mechanisms, and discoveries. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:473-532. [PMID: 37732829 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal stress response in humans is governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis through heightened mechanisms during stress, raising blood levels of the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol. Glucocorticoids are quintessential compounds that balance the proper functioning of numerous systems in the mammalian body. They are also generated synthetically and are the preeminent therapy for inflammatory diseases. They act by binding to the nuclear receptor transcription factor glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which has two main isoforms (GRα and GRβ). Our classical understanding of glucocorticoid signaling is from the GRα isoform, which binds the hormone, whereas GRβ has no known ligands. With glucocorticoids being involved in many physiological and cellular processes, even small disruptions in their release via the HPA axis, or changes in GR isoform expression, can have dire ramifications on health. Long-term chronic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to a glucocorticoid-resistant state, and we deliberate how this impacts disease treatment. Chronic glucocorticoid treatment can lead to noticeable side effects such as weight gain, adiposity, diabetes, and others that we discuss in detail. There are sexually dimorphic responses to glucocorticoids, and women tend to have a more hyperresponsive HPA axis than men. This review summarizes our understanding of glucocorticoids and critically analyzes the GR isoforms and their beneficial and deleterious mechanisms and the sexual differences that cause a dichotomy in responses. We also discuss the future of glucocorticoid therapy and propose a new concept of dual GR isoform agonist and postulate why activating both isoforms may prevent glucocorticoid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesee J Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Malik Appleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Matsas A, Panopoulou P, Antoniou N, Bargiota A, Gryparis A, Vrachnis N, Mastorakos G, Kalantaridou SN, Panoskaltsis T, Vlahos NF, Valsamakis G. Chronic Stress in Pregnancy Is Associated with Low Birth Weight: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7686. [PMID: 38137756 PMCID: PMC10743391 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chronic activation of the stress system has cumulative effects on the body, and it places individuals at risk for adverse health outcomes. Chronic stress has been assessed by health questionnaires in pregnancy. During the perinatal period, mothers experience increased physical and emotional demands. Chronic stress interferes with hormonal functions in mothers and infants. This meta-analysis studies the effect of maternal chronic stress during pregnancy, as assessed by established stress questionnaires, on the birth weight of their full-term infants. DESIGN AND METHODS According to our criteria and after research collection, we obtained 107 studies and we conducted two types of analyses: a logistic (N = 22,342) and linear regression analysis (N = 7431). RESULTS Our results show that chronic stress is associated with a statistically significant risk of low birth weight (OR = 1.50, CI 95% = [1.13; 1.99], p ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Increased maternal chronic stress, as assessed by questionnaires, in pregnancy is associated with a low-birth-weight baby. The above meta-analysis indicates that maternal high chronic stress questionnaire scores could be used as a clinical tool in order to assess low-birth-weight risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkis Matsas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76 Vasilisis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Panopoulou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76 Vasilisis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Neofyta Antoniou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros Gryparis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76 Vasilisis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia N. Kalantaridou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Panoskaltsis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76 Vasilisis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos F. Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76 Vasilisis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76 Vasilisis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
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Zandvakili I, Pulaski M, Pickett-Blakely O. A phenotypic approach to obesity treatment. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38:959-975. [PMID: 37277855 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that increases morbidity and mortality and adversely affects quality of life. The rapid rise of obesity has outpaced the development and deployment of effective therapeutic interventions, thereby creating a global health crisis. The presentation, complications, and response to obesity treatments vary, yet lifestyle modification, which is the foundational therapeutic intervention for obesity, is often "one size fits all." The concept of personalized medicine uses genetic and phenotypic information as a guide for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and has been successfully applied in diseases such as cancer, but not in obesity. As we gain insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity and its phenotypic expression, specific pathways can be targeted to yield a greater, more sustained therapeutic impact in an individual patient with obesity. A phenotype-based pharmacologic treatment approach utilizing objective measures to classify patients into predominant obesity mechanism groups resulted in greater weight loss (compared with a non-phenotype-based approach) in a recent study by Acosta and colleagues. In this review, we discuss the application of lifestyle modifications, behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy using the obesity phenotype-based approach as a framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inuk Zandvakili
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marya Pulaski
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Octavia Pickett-Blakely
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Batóg G, Dołoto A, Bąk E, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Krawiec P, Pac-Kożuchowska E, Herbet M. The interplay of oxidative stress and immune dysfunction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211231. [PMID: 37588599 PMCID: PMC10426741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the concomitant incidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), both in terms of incidence, etiology, and clinical consequences. PCOS patients suffering from autoimmune thyroid diseases show insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, weight gain, and metabolic and reproductive complications. Studies have shown that chronic stress and its consequence, i.e. oxidative stress, play an important role in the pathomechanism of both disorders. It has also been shown that long-term exposure to stress triggers biological mechanisms, in particular related to the regulation of the inflammatory cascade, which plays a key role in autoimmune diseases. The paper is a review of the literature on the role of chronic stress, oxidative stress, and immune processes in the pathogenesis of HT and PCOS. In addition, the review is a source of knowledge about the treatment of these diseases, and in particular the use of antioxidants in therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Batóg
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Dołoto
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bąk
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Krawiec
- Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Roer GE, Lien L, Bolstad I, Aaseth JO, Abebe DS. The impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in Norway. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:349. [PMID: 37210523 PMCID: PMC10200052 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, concurrent anxiety, alcohol use disorder and depression. The relationship between PTSD and cardiometabolic diseases are still unclear, and less is known about the effects of socioeconomic status, comorbid anxiety, comorbid alcohol use disorder and comorbid depression. The study, therefore, aims to examine the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus over time in PTSD patients, and to what extent socioeconomic status, comorbid anxiety, comorbid alcohol use disorder and comorbid depression attenuate associations between PTSD and risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. METHOD A retrospective, register-based cohort study with 6-years follow-up of adult (> 18 years) PTSD patients (N = 7 852) compared with the general population (N = 4 041 366), was performed. Data were acquired from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistic Norway. Cox proportional regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) (99% confidence intervals) of cardiometabolic diseases among PTSD patients. RESULTS Significantly (p < 0.001) higher age and gender adjusted HRs were disclosed for all cardiometabolic diseases among PTSD patients compared to the population without PTSD, with a variation in HR from 3.5 (99% CI 3.1-3.9) for hypertensive diseases to HR = 6.5 (5.7-7.5) for obesity. When adjusted for socioeconomic status and comorbid mental disorders, reductions were observed, especially for comorbid depression, for which the adjustment resulted in HR reduction of about 48.6% for hypertensive diseases and 67.7% for obesity. CONCLUSIONS PTSD was associated with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, though attenuated by socioeconomic status and comorbid mental disorders. Health care professionals should be attentive towards the burden and increased risk that low socioeconomic status and comorbid mental disorders may represent for PTSD patients' cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Emilie Roer
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, NO-2381, Brumunddal, Norway.
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, NO-0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, NO-2381, Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, NO-2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Bolstad
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, NO-2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Jan O Aaseth
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, NO-2418, Elverum, Norway
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, NO-2381, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Dawit Shawel Abebe
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, NO-2381, Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, NO-0130, Oslo, Norway
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Badawy Y, Aljohani NH, Salem GA, Ashour FM, Own SA, Alajrafi NF. Predictability of the Development of Insulin Resistance Based on the Risk Factors Among Female Medical Students at a Private College in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e39112. [PMID: 37378117 PMCID: PMC10292011 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is currently an underlying phenomenon in the etiology of most non-communicable diseases. IR has been proposed as the key linking factor for the metabolic syndrome disease cluster of glucose intolerance. OBJECTIVES This study's target was to assess the predictability of risk factors for IR among female medical students Methods: A cross-sectional study involving female medical students was carried out. The sample size was 272, and a suitable non-probability sampling method was employed. A correlation test was done, and a P value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Each participant underwent assessment of anthropometric measurements and biochemical testing. For assessing lifestyle, validated questionnaires on physical activity, sleep pattern, dietary pattern, and stress were adopted. The anthropometric data such as height, weight, and waist circumference were collected. Biochemical testing involved estimation of the postprandial capillary blood glucose level on campus. Additionally, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured. RESULTS The association of lifestyle risk factors with waist circumference as an indicator of IR was done where the majority of those with high waist circumference were physically inactive and more prone to stress which was statistically significant when compared to those with normal waist circumference. However, poor sleep and unhealthy diet were high among those with high waist circumference, but they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The correlation of waist circumference as an indicator of IR was highly significant with body mass index, postprandial blood sugar, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. A series of unhealthy lifestyle habits was contributable to developing obesity and therefore IR among medical students in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousria Badawy
- Family and Community Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGY
- Family Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nouf H Aljohani
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Gufran A Salem
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Fatima M Ashour
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Sarah A Own
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nora F Alajrafi
- Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
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Santos Barros V, Alves de Araújo W, Vinicius Santos de Jesus M, de Oliveira Damaceno T, Montargil Rocha R, Dumêt Fernandes J, Souza Rosa R, Santana Cardoso Santos I. Estrés percibido en mujeres con síndrome metabólico: un estudio transversal. REVISTA CUIDARTE 2023. [DOI: 10.15649/cuidarte.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducción: El estrés percibido ha sido sugerido como un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del Síndrome Metabólico (SM). Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre esta asociación entre las mujeres. Objetivo: evaluar el estrés percibido en mujeres con Síndrome Metabólico (SM). Materiales y Métodos: estudio transversal, basado en un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado, con pacientes de un centro de salud pública (RBR-43K52N). La variable resultada fue SM, utilizando los criterios NCEP/ATPIII. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos, bioquímicos, hemodinámicos y aplicación de PSS. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 75 mujeres afectadas por SMet (47,69± 8,15 años; 155,65±0,07 cm; 82,43±17,79 kg; IMC de 33,96±6,42). Se encontraron valores altos de WHR entre mujeres estresadas y no estresadas. La puntuación media de PSS fue de 27,73±9,17. En los grupos, hubo una diferencia significativa para PSS entre mujeres estresadas y no estresadas (35,24±5,22 y 20,42±5,53, respectivamente; p=0,001). También se observó que las mujeres estresadas tenían niveles más altos de triglicéridos y niveles más bajos de HDL-c en comparación con las mujeres no estresadas, aunque sin diferencia estadística. Discusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que las mujeres categorizadas como estresadas tenían puntajes PSS más altos, niveles más altos de triglicéridos y niveles más bajos de HDL-c en comparación con mujeres no estresadas. Conclusiones: la puntuación de PSS fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres con parámetros lipídicos de SM alterados, con niveles de HDL más bajos y triglicéridos elevados.
Como citar este artículo: Barros, Vinicius Santos; de Araújo, Wilkslam Alves; de Jesus, Marcos Vinicius Santos; Damaceno, Taynnan de Oliveira; Rocha, Roseanne Montargil; Fernandes, Josicélia Dumêt; Rosa, Randson Souza; Santos, Isleide Santana Cardoso. Estresse percebido em mulheres com síndrome metabólica: um estudo transversal. Revista Cuidarte. 2023;14(1):e2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2634
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11
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Kuckuck S, van der Valk ES, Scheurink AJW, van der Voorn B, Iyer AM, Visser JA, Delhanty PJD, van den Berg SAA, van Rossum EFC. Glucocorticoids, stress and eating: The mediating role of appetite-regulating hormones. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13539. [PMID: 36480471 PMCID: PMC10077914 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted hormonal appetite signaling plays a crucial role in obesity as it may lead to uncontrolled reward-related eating. Such disturbances can be induced not only by weight gain itself but also by glucocorticoid overexposure, for example, due to chronic stress, disease, or medication use. However, the exact pathways are just starting to be understood. Here, we present a conceptual framework of how glucocorticoid excess may impair hormonal appetite signaling and, consequently, eating control in the context of obesity. The evidence we present suggests that counteracting glucocorticoid excess can lead to improvements in appetite signaling and may therefore pose a crucial target for obesity prevention and treatment. In turn, targeting hormonal appetite signals may not only improve weight management and eating behavior but may also decrease detrimental effects of glucocorticoid excess on cardio-metabolic outcomes and mood. We conclude that gaining a better understanding of the relationship between glucocorticoid excess and circulating appetite signals will contribute greatly to improvements in personalized obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kuckuck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Eline S van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Anton J W Scheurink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Patric J D Delhanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd A A van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
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12
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Pahk K, Joung C, Kwon HW, Kim S. Chronic physical exercise alleviates stress-associated amygdala metabolic activity in obese women: A prospective serial 18F-FDG PET/CT study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1046838. [PMID: 36686422 PMCID: PMC9851606 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1046838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological stress is considered as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic exercise is known to reduce CVD risk partly through attenuating psychological stress. Obesity has been linked with increased levels of psychological stress. We aimed to prospectively evaluate whether physical exercise could alleviate stress-associated amygdala metabolic activity, assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in women with obesity. Material and methods A total of 43 participants were enrolled in this study. Twenty-three obese women were participated in a physical exercise program 5 days per week for 3 months. The exercise program consisted of aerobic exercise and resistance training. Serial 18F-FDG PET/CT was taken before the start of physical exercise program (baseline) and after finishing the program (post-exercise). A total of 20 participants who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for general health check-up were enrolled as non-obese control group. Brain amygdala activity (AmygA) was calculated as maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of amygdala normalized to mean SUV of temporal lobe. Results Chronic physical exercise significantly reduced AmygA and improved body adiposity and systemic inflammation. AmygA was highest in baseline, intermediate in post-exercise, and lowest in non-obese control group (0.76 ± 0.17, 0.61 ± 0.1, 0.52 ± 0.09, p < 0.001). Furthermore, physical exercise also abrogated the association of AmygA with systemic inflammation. Conclusions Chronic physical exercise reduced stress-associated amygdala metabolic activity and broke its association with systemic inflammation in obese women. This study could explain the putative mechanism underlying the health beneficial effect of exercise on CVD via attenuation of stress neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Pahk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanmin Joung
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hyun Woo Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Lou F, Long H, Luo S, Liu Y, Pu J, Wang H, Ji P, Jin X. Chronic restraint stress promotes the tumorigenic potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by reprogramming fatty acid metabolism via CXCL3 mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114268. [PMID: 36343679 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress promotes tumor progression and may harm homeostasis of energy metabolism by disrupting key metabolic processes. Recently, emerging evidence that chemokines CXCL3 as a novel adipokine plays a new role in lipid metabolism and various human malignancies. However, the role and mechanism of the CXCL3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression and reprogramming lipid metabolism induced by chronic restraint stress is unclear. The analysis of transcriptome sequencing, LC-MS, GC-MS, CCK8, cell apoptosis assays, cell cycle analysis, qRT-PCR, ELISA, western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, RNA interference and lentivirus transfection and a xenograft tumor growth and chronic restraint stress model were used to investigate the role of CXCL3 in the regulation of lipid metabolism and OSCC and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. We showed that CXCL3 plays a critical role in in fatty acid de novo synthesis and tumor growth induced by chronic restraint stress. We demonstrated that chronic restraint stress promoted lipid accumulation, OSCC growth and metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. CXCL3 knockdown and FH535, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, could attenuate fatty acid de novo synthesis, cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by chronic restraint stress in OSCC cells. Our findings demonstrate that chronic restraint stress promotes the proliferation and metastasis of OSCC by reprogramming fatty acid metabolism via CXCL3 mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our study provides novel insights to help understand the underlying mechanisms of CXCL3 in OSCC progression induced by chronic restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Lou
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Huiqing Long
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
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14
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Higgins S, Smith AN, Williams ER, Das BM, Fedewa MV, Evans EM. Sex-specific correlates of metabolic syndrome risk in college-aged young adults. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2527-2534. [PMID: 33577409 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1869751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the sex-specific prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors and their physiological, psychosocial, and behavioral correlates in a college-aged population. Participants and methods: Cross-sectional assessment of MetS risk factors and potential correlates occurred in 379 first-year students (aged 18.34 ± 0.49 years, 67.3% female). Multivariable linear regression assessed the relationships between potential correlates and continuous MetS risk scores, derived from principal component analysis. Results: MetS risk factors were present in 58.4% of females and 68.5% of males, with 2.4% and 3.2% having defined MetS. In females, percent body fat (β = 0.46, p < 0.001), stress (β = 0.12, p = 0.031), % kcal from sugar (β = 0.18, p = 0.001), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β=-0.12, p = 0.036) were associated with risk score. Whereas, correlates in males included percent body fat (β = 0.54, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (β = 0.15, p = 0.045), and AUDIT alcohol consumption score (β = 0.15, p = 0.033). Conclusion: The sex-specific prevalence of MetS risk factors and correlates suggest that primary prevention strategies on college campuses should also follow a sex-specific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Higgins
- Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | | | - Ewan R Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Bhibha M Das
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Michael V Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Ellen M Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Pigazzani F, Gorni D, Dyar KA, Pedrelli M, Kennedy G, Costantino G, Bruno A, Mackenzie I, MacDonald TM, Tietge UJF, George J. The Prognostic Value of Derivatives-Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d-ROMs) for Cardiovascular Disease Events and Mortality: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081541. [PMID: 36009260 PMCID: PMC9405117 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress participates in the development and exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The ability to promptly quantify an imbalance in an individual reductive-oxidative (RedOx) state could improve cardiovascular risk assessment and management. Derivatives-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) are an emerging biomarker of oxidative stress quantifiable in minutes through standard biochemical analysers or by a bedside point-of-care test. The current review evaluates available data on the prognostic value of d-ROMs for CVD events and mortality in individuals with known and unknown CVD. Outcome studies involving small and large cohorts were analysed and hazard ratio, risk ratio, odds ratio, and mean differences were used as measures of effect. High d-ROM plasma levels were found to be an independent predictor of CVD events and mortality. Risk begins increasing at d-ROM levels higher than 340 UCARR and rises considerably above 400 UCARR. Conversely, low d-ROM plasma levels are a good negative predictor for CVD events in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure. Moreover, combining d-ROMs with other relevant biomarkers routinely used in clinical practice might support a more precise cardiovascular risk assessment. We conclude that d-ROMs represent an emerging oxidative-stress-related biomarker with the potential for better risk stratification both in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pigazzani
- MEMO Research, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1GZ, UK
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1GZ, UK
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Gorni
- Research and Development Department, H&D S.r.l., 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Kenneth A. Dyar
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 40225 Neuherberg, Germany
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- CardioMetabol Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Huddinge, Sweden
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gwen Kennedy
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1GZ, UK
| | | | - Agostino Bruno
- Research and Development Department, Cor.Con. International S.r.l., 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Isla Mackenzie
- MEMO Research, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1GZ, UK
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1GZ, UK
| | - Thomas M. MacDonald
- MEMO Research, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1GZ, UK
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1GZ, UK
| | - Uwe J. F. Tietge
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob George
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1GZ, UK
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16
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Soltani H, Keim NL, Laugero KD. Waking Salivary Cortisol Associated with Magnitude of Cholesterol Reduction in Women Fed a Healthy Whole-Food Diet for 8 Weeks. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac083. [PMID: 35669046 PMCID: PMC9155168 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and cortisol are independently linked to cardiometabolic function and health, but underlying alterations in circulating cortisol may influence beneficial cardiometabolic effects of consuming a healthy diet. Objective This study was a secondary analysis to examine whether baseline concentrations of waking salivary cortisol interacted with 8-wk whole-food diet interventions to affect cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods A randomized, double-blind, controlled 8-wk diet intervention was conducted in 44 participants. The trial was conducted at the Western Human Nutrition Research Center in Davis, California. Participants were overweight or obese women aged 20-64 y, minimally active, and insulin resistant and/or dyslipidemic. Diets were randomly assigned and based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) or a typical American diet (TAD). Cardiometabolic risk factors and salivary cortisol were assessed at baseline and at 8 wk. Primary outcome measures included 8-wk change in overnight fasted cardiometabolic risk factors, including blood pressure, BMI, and circulating triglycerides, cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), nonesterified fatty acids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. This trial was approved by the University of California, Davis, Institutional Review Board. Results Baseline waking cortisol concentrations interacted (P = 0.0474) with diet to affect 8-wk changes in fasting total cholesterol. Compared with a TAD, a DGA diet was associated with 8-wk decreases in total cholesterol in participants with low (10th percentile of all participants; 2.76 nmol/L) or average (7.76 nmol/L) but not higher (90th percentile of all participants; 13.44 nmol/L) baseline waking cortisol. Consistent with this finding, there was a DGA-specific positive association (P = 0.0047; b: 2.88 ± 0.94) between baseline waking cortisol and 8-wk increases in total cholesterol. Conclusions The underlying status of waking cortisol may explain interindividual variability in total cholesterol responses to whole-food diets. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02298725) as NCT02298725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Soltani
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
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17
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Olfactory Stimulation with Volatile Aroma Compounds of Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) Essential Oil and Linalool Ameliorates White Fat Accumulation and Dyslipidemia in Chronically Stressed Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091822. [PMID: 35565791 PMCID: PMC9105046 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the physiological effects of inhaling basil essential oil (BEO) and/or linalool and identified odor-active aroma compounds in BEO using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-olfactometry (GC-O). Linalool was identified as the major volatile compound in BEO. Three groups of rats were administered BEO and linalool via inhalation, while rats in the control group were not. Inhalation of BEO for 20 min only reduced the total weight gain (190.67 ± 2.52 g) and increased the forced swimming time (47.33 ± 14.84 s) compared with the control group (219.67 ± 2.08 g, 8.33 ± 5.13 s). Inhalation of BEO for 5 min (392 ± 21 beats/min) only reduced the pulse compared with the control group (420 ± 19 beats/min). Inhalation of linalool only reduced the weight of white adipose tissue (5.75 ± 0.61 g). The levels of stress-related hormones were not significantly different among the groups. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased after inhalation of BEO for 20 min (by more than -10% and -15%, respectively). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowered (by more than -10%) by the inhalation of BEO and linalool, regardless of the inhalation time. In particular, BEO inhalation for 20 min was associated with the lowest level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (53.94 ± 2.72 mg/dL). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased after inhalation of BEO (by more than +15%). The atherogenic index and cardiac risk factors were suppressed by BEO inhalation. Animals exposed to BEO and linalool had no significant differences in hepatotoxicity. These data suggest that the inhalation of BEO and linalool may ameliorate cardiovascular and lipid dysfunctions. These effects should be explored further for clinical applications.
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18
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Recent Progress of Chronic Stress in the Development of Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4121173. [PMID: 35300174 PMCID: PMC8923806 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of the times, cardiovascular diseases have become the biggest cause of death in the global aging society, causing a serious social burden. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which can occur in large and medium-sized blood vessels in the whole body. It takes atherosclerotic plaque as the typical pathological change and endothelial injury as the core pathophysiological mechanism. It is the pathological basis of coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other diseases. Recent studies have shown that chronic stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, endothelial injury, lipid metabolism, and chronic inflammation. This process involves a large number of molecular targets. It is usually the cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. If chronic stress factors exist for a long time, patients have genetic susceptibility, and the combination of environmental factors triggers the pathogenesis, which may eventually lead to complete blockage of the blood vessels, unstable rupture of plaques, and serious adverse cardiovascular events. This paper reviews the role of chronic stress in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, focusing on the pathophysiological mechanism.
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19
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Huang YT, Liang Z, Emery C. Sexual Minority Stress, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Obesity Among Gay Men in Taiwan: Findings from a Panel Study. LGBT Health 2022; 9:169-176. [PMID: 35255225 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Obesity is linked to personal behaviors and external stressors. Despite emerging evidence that sexual minority stress (SMS) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the risk of obesity, little is known about their independent and interactive effects on sexual minority men. This study investigated these relationships using panel data. Methods: Self-identified gay and bisexual adult men in Taiwan were recruited through Facebook advertisements to complete an online questionnaire. This study reports only on data from the gay subsample (n = 731, mean age = 28.05 years, standard deviation = 5.75 years) as the bisexual subsample (n = 132) was insufficient for comparative statistical analysis. Over two time points, respondents reported their body weight and height, experiences with SMS, and ACEs on an online survey platform. Data analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression to determine the individual and interactive effects of the ACE score, ACE components, and SMS on the odds for obesity. Results: Almost 16% of the respondents met the criterion for obesity (body-mass index ≥27). In the adjusted models, neither SMS nor ACEs had significant associations with the likelihood of obesity. Only the interaction term of SMS and childhood sexual abuse was significant, indicating that victims of sexual abuse have an increased likelihood of obesity that SMS may intensify. Conclusions: This study shows that gay men who experience childhood sexual abuse and SMS accumulatively faced an increased risk of obesity. Healthy weight promotion for these men should address these stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Huang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zurong Liang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Clifton Emery
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Armborst D, Bitterlich N, Alteheld B, Rösler D, Metzner C, Siener R. Coping Strategies Influence Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Chronic Psychological Stress: A Post Hoc Analysis of A Randomized Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010077. [PMID: 35010951 PMCID: PMC8747048 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress can result in physiological and mental health risks via the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, sympathoadrenal activity and emotion-focused coping strategies. The impact of different stress loads on cardiometabolic risk is poorly understood. This post hoc analysis of a randomized pilot study was conducted on 61 participants (18–65 years of age) with perceived chronic stress. The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ30), Psychological Neurological Questionnaire (PNF), anthropometric, clinical and blood parameters were assessed. Subjects were assigned to ‘high stress’ (HS; PSQ30 score: 0.573 ± 0.057) and ‘very high stress’ (VHS; PSQ30 score: 0.771 ± 0.069) groups based on the PSQ30. Morning salivary cortisol and CRP were elevated in both groups. Visceral adiposity, elevated blood pressure and metabolic syndrome were significantly more frequent in the HS group vs. the VHS group. The fatty liver index (FLI) was higher (p = 0.045), while the PNF score was lower (p < 0.001) in the HS group. The HS group was comprised of more smokers (p = 0.016). Energy intake and physical activity levels were similar in both groups. Thus, high chronic stress was related to visceral adiposity, FLI, elevated blood pressure and metabolic syndrome in the HS group, while very high chronic stress was associated with psychological–neurological symptoms and a lower cardiometabolic risk in the VHS group, probably due to different coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Armborst
- Department of Urology, Medical Nutrition Science, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0228-28719034
| | - Norman Bitterlich
- Department of Biostatistics, Medicine and Service Ltd., Boettcherstr. 10, 09117 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Birgit Alteheld
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Daniela Rösler
- Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A., Fuerst-Pueckler-Str. 44, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (D.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Christine Metzner
- Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A., Fuerst-Pueckler-Str. 44, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (D.R.); (C.M.)
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Internal Intensive Medicine (Medical Clinic III), RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 44, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roswitha Siener
- Department of Urology, Medical Nutrition Science, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
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21
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Martinez-Cardoso AM, Geronimus AT. The Weight of Migration: Reconsidering Health Selection and Return Migration among Mexicans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12136. [PMID: 34831894 PMCID: PMC8624630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While migration plays a key role in shaping the health of Mexican migrants in the US and those in Mexico, contemporary Mexican migration trends may challenge the health selection and return migration hypotheses, two prevailing assumptions of how migration shapes health. Using data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (2002; 2005), we tested these two hypotheses by comparing the cardiometabolic health profiles of (1) Mexico-US future migrants and nonmigrants and (2) Mexico-US return migrants and nonmigrants. First, we found limited evidence for health selection: the cardiometabolic health of Mexico-US future migrants was not measurably better than the health of their compatriots who did not migrate, although migrants differed demographically from nonmigrants. However, return migrants had higher levels of adiposity compared to those who stayed in Mexico throughout their lives; time spent in the US was also associated with obesity and elevated waist circumference. Differences in physical activity and smoking behavior did not mediate these associations. Our findings suggest positive health selection might not drive the favorable health profiles among recent cohorts of Mexican immigrants in the US. However, the adverse health of return migrants with respect to that of nonmigrants underscores the importance of considering the lived experience of Mexican migrants in the US as an important determinant of their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arline T. Geronimus
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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22
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Potential Links to Depression, Anxiety, and Chronic Stress. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111697. [PMID: 34829926 PMCID: PMC8615558 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes the most common liver disease worldwide, and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. The latter represents a clustering of related cardio-metabolic components, which are often observed in patients with NAFLD and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests a positive association between metabolic syndrome and certain mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, and chronic stress). Given the strong overlap between metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, and the common underlying mechanisms that link the two conditions, it is probable that potentially bidirectional associations are also present between NAFLD and mental health comorbidity. The identification of such links is worthy of further investigation, as this can inform more targeted interventions for patients with NAFLD. Therefore, the present review discusses published evidence in relation to associations of depression, anxiety, stress, and impaired health-related quality of life with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. Attention is also drawn to the complex nature of affective disorders and potential overlapping symptoms between such conditions and NAFLD, while a focus is also placed on the postulated mechanisms mediating associations between mental health and both NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. Relevant gaps/weaknesses of the available literature are also highlighted, together with future research directions that need to be further explored.
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23
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Canuto R, Garcez A, Spritzer PM, Olinto MTA. Associations of perceived stress and salivary cortisol with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern in women shift workers. Stress 2021; 24:763-771. [PMID: 33928826 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1919615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern in a sample of women shift workers. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 539 women aged 18-53 years working in the production line of a poultry processing plant. Stress was assessed with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and by salivary cortisol levels (immediately after waking and upon returning home from work). Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. We used linear and Poisson regression models to assess multivariable-adjusted associations of perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern. After adjustments, women with higher PSS-10 scores had a 28% higher probability (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.56) of consuming snacks/fast food. Mean (SD) waking cortisol levels were inversely associated with quartiles of the dietary pattern: Q1, 6.63 (0.43) nmol/L; Q2, 6.00 (0.38) nmol/L; Q3, 5.62 (0.40) nmol/L; and Q4, 5.29 (0.35) nmol/L (p = 0.019). Perceived stress was not associated with salivary cortisol levels. The work shift was not associated with perceived stress or cortisol levels. This study demonstrated an association of psychological and physiological measures of stress with a dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of hyper-palatable, energy-dense, ready-to-eat foods among women shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Canuto
- Post-graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anderson Garcez
- Post-graduate in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
- Post-graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil
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24
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Laugero KD, Paul DR, Jahns L. Energy intake and season interact to influence physiological stress load among midlife women. Stress 2021; 24:849-856. [PMID: 34006172 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1931106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allostatic load (AL) is an index that measures physiologic stress associated with chronic disease risk. One factor that may influence overall physiologic stress load and AL is energy consumption, but whether this association differs across different seasons is unknown. We tested whether energy consumption interacted with the season to influence AL in 52 mid-life (40-60 years) women from the Life in All Seasons Study. Women completed an online 24-h recall every 10 days and had components of allostatic load measured seasonally. Women were from the greater Grand Forks, ND catchment area and were followed for one year between July 2012 and July 2014. We found a significant (p = 0.01) interaction between season and energy consumption on AL. Further inspection showed that, during the summer and winter seasons, the average allostatic load rose with relatively higher energy consumption. We also observed a linear and positive association between AL and energy intake in summer (β = 0.0013 ± 0.0004; p = 0.001; r2 = 0.14) and winter (β = 0.0011 ± 0.0004; p = 0.007; r2 = 0.10), but not in fall or spring. These results suggest that factors associated with distinct times of the year promote or prevent the effects of higher energy consumption on physiological stress load. Since allostatic load is linked to elevated disease risk, our results provide additional information that may help to explain seasonal differences in disease risk of some women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Laugero
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David R Paul
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- USDA/ARS/Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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25
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Harville EW, Beitsch L, Uejio CK, Sherchan S, Lichtveld MY. Assessing the effects of disasters and their aftermath on pregnancy and infant outcomes: A conceptual model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2021; 62:102415. [PMID: 34336567 PMCID: PMC8318346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have examined broad patterns of effects on pregnancy and infant outcomes after disasters, the causes of adverse outcomes are not always clear. Disasters cause interrelated exposure to environmental pollutants, psychological stressors, and lack of health care, and interacts with other social determinants of health. This topical review examines the short- and long-term effects of disasters on pregnancy and how they are mediated by social, behavioral, and environmental effects. In the short term, disasters are associated with physical trauma, adverse environmental exposures, and unstable housing. In the longer term, disasters may lead to relocation, changes in family functioning, and negative economic effects. These aspects of disaster exposure, in turn, lead to lack of access to health care, increased stress and negative mental health outcomes, and negative behavioral changes, including smoking and substance use, poor nutrition, physical overexertion and limited activity, and reduction in breastfeeding. All of these factors interact with social determinants of health to worsen effects on the most vulnerable women, infants, and communities. Few interventions after disasters have been tested. With the increase in disasters due to climate change and the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, the models of effects of disasters and their human health consequences need increasing refinement, and, more importantly, should be applied to interventions that improve disaster prevention, mitigation, and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Leslie Beitsch
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Christopher K Uejio
- Department of Geography, College of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Samendra Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Maureen Y Lichtveld
- Professor and Chair, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Currently Dean and professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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26
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Abstract
The neural regulation of feeding behaviour, as an essential factor for survival, is an important research area today. Feeding behaviour and other lifestyle habits play a major role in optimising health and obesity control. Feeding behaviour is physiologically controlled through processes associated with energy and nutrient needs. Different brain nuclei are involved in the neural regulation of feeding behaviours. Therefore, understanding the function of these brain nuclei helps develop feeding control methods. Among important brain nuclei, there is scant literature on the central amygdala (CeA) nucleus and feeding behaviour. The CeA is one of the critical brain regions that play a significant role in various physiological and behavioural responses, such as emotional states, reward processing, energy balance and feeding behaviour. It contains γ-aminobutyric acid neurons. Also, it is the major output region of the amygdaloidal complex. Moreover, the CeA is also involved in multiple molecular and biochemical factors and has extensive connections with other brain nuclei and their neurotransmitters, highlighting its role in feeding behaviour. This review aims to highlight the significance of the CeA nucleus on food consumption by its interaction with the performance of reward, digestive and emotional systems.
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27
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Ceci FM, Ferraguti G, Petrella C, Greco A, Tirassa P, Iannitelli A, Ralli M, Vitali M, Ceccanti M, Chaldakov GN, Versacci P, Fiore M. Nerve Growth Factor, Stress and Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2943-2959. [PMID: 32811396 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200818111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a constant threat for homeostasis and is represented by different extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli (stressors, Hans Selye's "noxious agents"), such as aggressive behavior, fear, diseases, physical activity, drugs, surgical injury, and environmental and physiological changes. Our organisms respond to stress by activating the adaptive stress system to activate compensatory responses for restoring homeostasis. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) was discovered as a signaling molecule involved in survival, protection, differentiation, and proliferation of sympathetic and peripheral sensory neurons. NGF mediates stress with an important role in translating environmental stimuli into physiological and pathological feedbacks since NGF levels undergo important variations after exposure to stressful events. Psychological stress, lifestyle stress, and oxidative stress are well known to increase the risk of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, alcohol use disorders and metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome. This review reports recent works describing the activity of NGF in mental and metabolic disorders related to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Maria Ceci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Iannitelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Ceccanti
- Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - George N Chaldakov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University, and Institute for Advanced Study, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Paolo Versacci
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
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28
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Schvey NA, Shank LM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Ramirez S, Altman DR, Swanson T, Rubin AG, Kelly NR, LeMay-Russell S, Byrne ME, Parker MN, Broadney MM, Brady SM, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Weight-based teasing in youth: Associations with metabolic and inflammatory markers. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12729. [PMID: 33059389 PMCID: PMC8209784 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research among adults suggests that weight stigma is associated with worsened cardiometabolic health. However, these relationships have not been examined among youth. OBJECTIVE Assess associations between weight-based teasing (WBT) and metabolic and inflammatory markers among two samples of youth: (1) a non-treatment-seeking sample and (2) a weight loss treatment-seeking sample with obesity. METHOD Weight, height, adiposity, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood samples were collected for metabolic (triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and inflammatory analytes (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Study 1 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in both studies). Youths completed the Perception of Teasing Scale, a measure of WBT. Metabolic and inflammatory indices were compared between those with and without teasing, adjusting for demographics and body composition. RESULTS Study 1 enrolled 201 non-treatment-seeking youth (Mage = 13.1y; 54.2% female; 44.8% non-Hispanic White; 32.8% with overweight/obesity); 15.4% reported WBT. Study 2 enrolled 111 treatment-seeking adolescents with obesity (Mage = 14.0y; 66.7% female; 37.8% non-Hispanic White); 73.0% reported WBT. Adjusting for covariates, WBT was not associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in either study. CONCLUSIONS WBT was not associated with worsened cardiometabolic health. Longitudinal research is needed to elucidate associations between WBT and health in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A. Schvey
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lisa M. Shank
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX, 78205, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sophie Ramirez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Deborah R. Altman
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Taylor Swanson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alex G. Rubin
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, and Prevention Science, College of Education, 5207 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5207, USA
| | - Sarah LeMay-Russell
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Meghan E. Byrne
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan N. Parker
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Miranda M. Broadney
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Office of Obesity Research, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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29
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Bakadia BM, Boni BOO, Ahmed AAQ, Yang G. The impact of oxidative stress damage induced by the environmental stressors on COVID-19. Life Sci 2021; 264:118653. [PMID: 33115606 PMCID: PMC7586125 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a substantial stressor that is greatly impacting environmental sustainability. Besides, the different pre-existing environmental stressors and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related stressors are further worsening the effects of the viral disease by inducing the generation of oxidative stress. The generated oxidative stress results in nucleic acid damage associated with viral mutations, that could potentially reduce the effectiveness of COVID-19 management, including the vaccine approach. The current review is aimed to overview the impact of the oxidative stress damage induced by various environmental stressors on COVID-19. The available data regarding the COVID-19-related stressors and the effects of oxidative stress damage induced by the chronic stress, exposure to free radicals, and malnutrition are also analyzed to showcase the promising options, which could be investigated further for sustainable control of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianza Moise Bakadia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Biaou Oscar Ode Boni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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30
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Golub Y, Stonawski V, Plank AC, Eichler A, Kratz O, Waltes R, von Hoersten S, Roessner V, Freitag CM. Anxiety Is Associated With DPPIV Alterations in Children With Selective Mutism and Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644553. [PMID: 34267682 PMCID: PMC8275849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both selective mutism (SM) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are severe pediatric anxiety disorders with the common trait of behavioral inhibition (BI). The underlying pathophysiology of these disorders remains poorly understood, however converging evidence suggests that alterations in several peripheral molecular pathways might be involved. In a pilot study, we investigated alterations in plasma molecular markers (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPPIV], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-β [TNF-β] and neuropeptide-Y [NPY]) in children with SM, SAD, and healthy controls, as well as the correlation of these markers to symptom severity. Methods: We included 51 children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years; n = 29 girls): n = 20 children in the SM-, n = 16 in the SAD- and n = 15 in the control-group (CG). Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for DPPIV, IL-6, TNF-β, and NPY concentrations. Diverse psychometric measures were used for BI, anxiety, and mutism symptoms. Results: Lower DPPIV-levels were correlated with more anxiety symptoms. However, we could not find a difference in any molecular marker between the patients with SAD and SM in comparison to the CG. Conclusion: DPPIV is proposed as relevant marker for child and adolescent anxiety. Investigating the pathophysiology of SM and SAD focusing on state and trait variables as anxiety or BI might help better understanding the underlying mechanisms of these disorders. Further studies with especially larger cohorts are needed to validate the current pilot-findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Golub
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valeska Stonawski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne C Plank
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Eichler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Waltes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hoersten
- Department of Experimental Therapy and Preclinical Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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31
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Phillips R, Kraeuter AK, McDermott B, Lupien S, Sarnyai Z. Human nail cortisol as a retrospective biomarker of chronic stress: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:104903. [PMID: 33137562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid produced by the activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis after a psychological or physiological stressor. The dysregulation of the HPA axis by chronic stress has been associated with psychiatric disorders. Although hair is currently the main validated source of chronic cortisol concentrations, cortisol is also bound to human nails, another keratinised matrix. Therefore, nail cortisol has the potential to be an alternative retrospective chronic measure of HPA activation. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the temporal resolution, methodological issues, HPA correlates, and target populations in nail cortisol investigations. A qualitative synthesis was performed to assess current literature exploring cortisol concentrations from human nails. A total of 18 eligible human studies extracted from Medline (PubMed and Ovid), ProQuest (PsycINFO), and Scopus found that immunoassays and mass spectrometry were the two primarily methods of analysis. However, methodological variability remained evident between studies. Nail cortisol correlated with saliva and hair in some studies and was investigated across multiple developmental periods. Finally, when applied as an outcome measure in health disorders, higher nail cortisol concentrations have been shown to be associated with acute coronary syndrome and depression. In conclusion, nail cortisol may serve as a retrospective biomarker of chronic stress; however, the ability to track how much cortisol is accumulating within nail clippings is complex and may represent a large timespan. Further, very few studies have reported effect sizes and investigated the effects of covariates, such as age, sex, ethnicity, and nail characteristics, which limits the validation of this measure. Further studies are required to validate the utility of nail cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress across the human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana Phillips
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Mosili P, Mkhize BC, Ngubane P, Sibiya N, Khathi A. The dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in diet-induced prediabetic male Sprague Dawley rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:104. [PMID: 33308255 PMCID: PMC7731754 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in type 2 diabetic patients, a condition preceded by pre-diabetes, has been shown to increase the risk of depression as well as cause downstream effects resulting in upregulation of gluconeogenesis and dyslipidemia. In addition, stress, either psychological from managing diabetes or lifestyle related, further activates the HPA axis causing an exaggerated stress response. This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. METHODS Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into non-pre-diabetic group (NPD) and pre-diabetic group (PD) (n = 6, per group) over a 20-week induction period and a further 12-week experimental period to get 32 weeks. At the end of the 20 and 32-week periods, glucose handling using the Homeostasis Model Assessment indices, adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured. Stress was induced and the forced swim test were performed in the 12-week experimental week. At the end of 32 weeks glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hippocampal receptors were also measured. RESULTS Impaired glucose handling in the PD group as well as increase in corticosterone was observed at the end of both 20 and 32-week periods by comparison to NPD groups. No changes were observed in ACTH concentration at week 20 while, at week 32, a decrease in plasma ACTH concentration was observed in the PD group by comparison to the NPD group. The stressed-induced animals were stressed using the forced swim test: the behaviour observed showed an increase in immobility time in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD group. This was followed by the observation of a decrease in ACTH and CORT concentration in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD stressed group. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors gene expression were elevated in the stressed PD group relative to the stressed NPD group. CONCLUSION These observations, together, suggest that diet-induced pre-diabetes is associated with impaired HPA axis activity and deteriorating response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Mosili
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Room E2-401, Westville, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Bongeka Cassandra Mkhize
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Room E2-401, Westville, 4000, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Room E2-401, Westville, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ntethelelo Sibiya
- Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Room E2-401, Westville, 4000, South Africa
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Romic S, Djordjevic A, Tepavcevic S, Culafic T, Stojiljkovic M, Bursac B, Stanisic J, Kostic M, Gligorovska L, Koricanac G. Effects of a fructose-rich diet and chronic stress on insulin signaling and regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and the sodium-potassium pump in the hearts of male rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:1455-1466. [PMID: 31974538 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02306b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both a diet rich in fructose and chronic stress exposure induce metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the fructose-rich diet and chronic stress, separately and in combination, on insulin signaling and molecules regulating glycogen synthesis and ion transport in the heart, and to reveal whether these effects coincide with changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 10% fructose in drinking water and/or to chronic unpredictable stress for 9 weeks. Protein expression and/or phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunits in cardiac tissue were analyzed by western blot. GR distribution between cytosolic and nuclear fractions was also analyzed. The fructose-rich diet decreased the level of pERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and pGSK-3β (Ser9) independently of stress, while chronic stress increased the IRS1 content and prevented the fructose diet-induced decrease of the pAkt (Ser473) level. The fructose-rich diet in combination with chronic stress reduced the protein content of cardiac IR and attenuated IRS1 upregulation. Separate treatments increased the protein content of Na+/K+-ATPase α1- and α2-subunits, while after combined treatment the α2 content was at the control level and the α1 content was lower than the control level. The effect of combined treatment on cardiac IR and α2-subunit expression could be mediated by increased GR nuclear accumulation. Our study provides new insights into the effects of chronic stress and a combination of the fructose diet and chronic stress on the studied molecules in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Romic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zannas AS, Gordon JL, Hinderliter AL, Girdler SS, Rubinow DR. IL-6 Response to Psychosocial Stress Predicts 12-month Changes in Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Perimenopausal Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa476. [PMID: 32706883 PMCID: PMC7465560 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiometabolic diseases are the number one cause of mortality, accounting for over one third of all deaths in the United States. Cardiometabolic risk further increases with psychosocial stress exposure and during menopausal transition in women. Because disease risk and stress burden are associated with aberrant immune signaling, we hypothesized that responses of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to psychosocial stress may predict longitudinal cardiometabolic outcomes in perimenopausal women. METHODS We conducted post hoc analyses in 151 perimenopausal or early postmenopausal women participants in a previously completed study. At study onset, participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and plasma IL-6 was measured repeatedly before and during the 1 hour post-TSST. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned to either hormonal treatment (HT) or placebo and followed for 12 months to determine longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers. RESULTS Greater IL-6 reactivity to stress, measured with baseline-adjusted area under the curve, predicted 12-month decrease in flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (P = 0.0005), a measure of endothelial-dependent vascular function, but not in endothelial-independent function measured with nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation (P = 0.17). Greater baseline IL-6 levels predicted 12-month increase in insulin resistance based on the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance score (P = 0.0045) and in the number of criteria met for metabolic syndrome (P = 0.0008). These predictions were not moderated by HT. CONCLUSIONS Greater baseline IL-6 levels as well as its reactivity to stress may predict worsening in distinct cardiometabolic biomarkers as women transition to menopause. Interleukin-6 reactivity predicts decline in endothelial-dependent vascular function, whereas baseline IL-6 presages accumulation of metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Zannas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer L Gordon
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alan L Hinderliter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan S Girdler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been associated with visceral fat partitioning in adults; however, the underlying mechanisms in childhood remain unclear and warrant exploration. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between SSB consumption and body fat in children aged 9-13 years and the potential modifying effect of children's sex and serum cortisol levels. A sample of 2665 Greek schoolchildren participated in the 'Healthy Growth Study', and anthropometric, body composition, dietary intake and serum cortisol data were assessed. SSB consumption was defined as low (<1 serving/d), medium (1-2 servings/d) or high (>2 servings/d). We used linear regression models to assess the association between SSB consumption and measures of adiposity and to assess effect modification; models were stratified by sex and tertiles of morning serum cortisol. A significant positive association was observed between high SSB consumption and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (β = 1·4, 95 % CI 0·4, 2·3, P = 0·01) but not BMI or BMI z-score. When stratified by sex, the association was observed in boys (β = 1·8, 95 % CI 0·3, 3·4, P = 0·02) but not in girls. When stratified by cortisol levels, SSB consumption was associated with VAT in children with cortisol levels in the lowest tertile (β = 2·8, 95 % CI 1·0, 4·6, P < 0·01). These results indicate that increased SSB consumption is associated with visceral adiposity in schoolchildren and this association may be modified by sex and morning serum cortisol. To prevent VAT accumulation and concomitant disease risk, dietary interventions should target SSB consumption during childhood.
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Alfreeh L, Abulmeaty MMA, Abudawood M, Aljaser F, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Almuammar M, Al-Sheikh Y, Aljuraiban GS. Association between the Inflammatory Potential of Diet and Stress among Female College Students. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082389. [PMID: 32785011 PMCID: PMC7468951 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A pro-inflammatory diet may have an adverse influence on stress and inflammatory biomarker levels among college students. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) is a tool used to assess the inflammatory potential of a diet. However, evidence for the association between DII and stress is limited. We examined the association between energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM), high sensitivity-C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], and stress among female college students. This cross-sectional study included 401 randomly selected female students, aged 19–35 years. Data collection included blood, anthropometric measurements, a healthy-history questionnaire, the perceived stress scale (PSS-10), the Saudi food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and E-DII. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between FFQ-derived E-DII score, hs-CRP, and PSS. A higher E-DII score per 1SD (1.8) was associated with a 2.4-times higher PSS score (95% CI: 1.8, 3.1). Higher hs-CRP per 1SD (3.3 mg/L) was associated with a 0.9 (95% CI: 0.7–1.1) times higher PSS score, independent of lifestyle and dietary factors. Our findings indicate that pro-inflammatory diets were highly prevalent among Saudi college students and were associated with higher stress levels. Consideration of the role of stress and focusing on anti-inflammatory foods may be key for healthier dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leenah Alfreeh
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (M.M.A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (M.M.A.A.); (M.A.)
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.-S.)
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feda Aljaser
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.-S.)
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (N.S.); (J.R.H.)
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James R. Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (N.S.); (J.R.H.)
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - May Almuammar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (M.M.A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Yazeed Al-Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.-S.)
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (M.M.A.A.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-118051122
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Xia L, Jiao Z, Pei L, Yuan C, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Wang H. Prenatal ethanol exposure induced disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolic programming alteration and dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism in 40-week-old female offspring rats. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 94:48-54. [PMID: 32333956 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to demonstrate disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolic programming alteration and dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism induced by prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) in postnatal week 40 (PW40) female offspring rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were administrated 4 g/kg·d ethanol intragastrically from gestational day 11 until term delivery. After weaning, the female offspring were fed with high-fat diet until PW24, and suffered to unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) during PW38-40. Animal serum was collected to examine the changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, glucose and lipid metabolic phenotypes before and after UCS. We found that pups in the PEE group manifested a low birthweight at PW1 and an early catch-up growth pattern. Furthermore, a low basal activity of HPA axis continued to PW38 in the PEE group. On the basal condition, serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level was significantly increased and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level was significantly decreased in the PEE group, while serum triglyceride, total cholesterol (TCH), glucose and insulin levels were not significantly changed. Under unpredictable chronic stress, serum insulin in the PEE group was significantly decreased, while the levels of serum triglyceride, TCH, LDL-C, and the ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C were significantly higher than those in the control. These results suggest that PEE increases the dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism in PW40 female offspring, which is related to the disorder of HPA axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolic programming alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Zhexiao Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Linguo Pei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yanjuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Tural U, Iosifescu DV. Neuropeptide Y in PTSD, MDD, and chronic stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:950-963. [PMID: 32048334 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels may be altered in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic stress. We investigated, through systematic review and meta-analysis, whether the mean levels of NPY are significantly different in patients with MDD, PTSD or chronic stress, compared to controls. The main outcome was the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals between cases and controls, using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. Thirty-five studies met eligibility criteria. Meta-regression determined that medication and sex could explain 27% of the between-study variance. Females and participants currently prescribed psychotropic medications had significantly higher levels of NPY. NPY levels were significantly lower in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PTSD patients versus controls. Patients with MDD had significantly lower levels of NPY in plasma compared to controls, but not in the CSF. The magnitudes of the decrease in plasma NPY levels were not significantly different between PTSD and MDD. However, chronic stress patients had significantly higher plasma NPY levels compared to controls, PTSD or MDD. Our findings may imply a shared role of NPY in trauma and depression: nevertheless, it is not clear that the association is specific to these disorders. Psychotropic medications may help restore NPY levels. Further controlled studies are needed to better delineate the contribution of confounding variables such as type of depression, body mass index, appetite or sleep architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Tural
- Clinical Research Division, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Clinical Research Division, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Psychiatry Department, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Madaleno TR, Moriguti JC, Ferriolli E, De Carlo MMRP, Lima NKC. Mood, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors among older caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia: a case-control study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1609-1614. [PMID: 31073954 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers may have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and have high rates of anxiety and depression. AIMS The objective of this study was to evaluate mood, lifestyle and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in older women caregivers of patients with Alzheimer´s disease (AD) dementia compared to non-caregivers living in the neighborhood. METHODS Paired case-control (1:1). Volunteers responded to a questionnaire with information about physical and leisure activities, smoking, alcohol use, and daily hours of care. Blood pressure (BP) was measured on 5 days with the Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM) system, and mood was assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Laboratory testing for cardiovascular risk factors was performed. RESULTS Sixty-two volunteers were evaluated. Total cholesterol levels were higher among caregivers, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.57 (95% CI 1.2-11, p = 0.03). There was no difference in BP. A positive screening for depression was obtained for 58% of caregivers and for 16% of control subjects (OR = 6.62, 95% CI 1.9-22.6, p < 0.01). The MINI revealed that 38.7% of caregivers had an actual depressive episode as compared to 9.7% of controls (9.7%) (OR = 5.42, 95% CI 1.3-22.7, p = 0.02); 35.5% of caregivers and 6% of controls had a diagnosis of anxiety disorder (OR = 4.79, 95% CI 1.2-19.1, p = 0.03). DISCUSSION The cardiovascular risk markers and lifestyle were similar in caregivers and non-caregivers, but there was a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety among caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Older women caregivers of patients with AD have more mental health symptoms and disorders and need to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rezende Madaleno
- Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Mariano Casadio, 275, Jardim Canadá, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14024-360, Brazil
| | - Julio C Moriguti
- Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Mariano Casadio, 275, Jardim Canadá, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14024-360, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Mariano Casadio, 275, Jardim Canadá, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14024-360, Brazil
| | - Marysia Mara R P De Carlo
- Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Mariano Casadio, 275, Jardim Canadá, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14024-360, Brazil
| | - Nereida K C Lima
- Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Rua Mariano Casadio, 275, Jardim Canadá, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14024-360, Brazil.
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Grammer AC, Byrne ME, Pearlman AT, Klein DA, Schvey NA. Overweight and obesity in sexual and gender minority adolescents: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1350-1366. [PMID: 31334601 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Population data indicate that sexual and gender minority adolescents may be at increased risk for excess weight gain compared with cisgender, heterosexual youth. However, no studies, to our knowledge, have systematically reviewed the literature on weight disparities in this population nor explored risk for overweight and obesity by sexual and gender minority subgroup across studies. The current systematic review, therefore, identified 21 studies that assessed the relationship between sexual and gender minority status and weight among adolescents. Results indicated an overall greater prevalence of overweight and obesity among sexual and gender minority adolescents compared with cisgender, heterosexual youth. However, cisgender sexual minority males demonstrated lower or no added risk for overweight and obesity, whereas cisgender sexual minority females demonstrated greater risk for overweight and obesity. Findings were mixed among gender minority adolescents. This study highlights weight disparities in sexual and gender minority youth, although important subgroup differences exist. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that may contribute to differential weight trajectories in this population and to develop tailored approaches for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Claire Grammer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Meghan E Byrne
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, 20814.,Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Arielle T Pearlman
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, 20814
| | - David A Klein
- Department of Family Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital (FBCH), Fort Belvoir, Virginia, 22032.,Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, 20814.,Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, 20814
| | - Natasha A Schvey
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, 20814.,Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
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Schvey NA, Marwitz SE, Mi SJ, Galescu OA, Broadney MM, Young-Hyman D, Brady SM, Reynolds JC, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Weight-based teasing is associated with gain in BMI and fat mass among children and adolescents at-risk for obesity: A longitudinal study. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12538. [PMID: 31144471 PMCID: PMC6728169 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youths with overweight and obesity report frequent instances of weight-based teasing. However, little is known about the prospective associations between weight-based teasing and changes in body composition among youth. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between weight-based teasing and changes in body mass index (BMI) and fat mass in a longitudinal study of youths with, or at-risk for, overweight and obesity. METHODS One hundred ten youths with, or at-risk for, overweight participated in a longitudinal observational study. The Perception of Teasing Scale was administered at baseline. Height, weight, and body composition were obtained at baseline and at follow-ups (range: 1-15 years). RESULTS Mean age at baseline was 11.8 years; 53% had overweight/obesity; 36% were non-Hispanic Black; 55% were female; mean follow-up from baseline: 8.5 years. Adjusting for covariates and repeated measures of BMI or fat mass, linear mixed models revealed that weight-based teasing was associated with greater gain of BMI and fat mass across the follow-up period (ps ≤ .007). Adjusting for covariates, youths reporting high weight-based teasing (two standard deviations above the mean) experienced a 33% greater gain in BMI (an additional 0.20 kg/m2 ) and a 91% greater gain in fat mass (an additional 0.65 kg) per year compared with peers who reported no weight-based teasing. CONCLUSIONS Among youths with, and at-risk for, overweight and obesity, weight-based teasing was associated with greater weight and fat gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A. Schvey
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Shannon E. Marwitz
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Sarah J. Mi
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Ovidiu A. Galescu
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Miranda M. Broadney
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Deborah Young-Hyman
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1-3330, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
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Fuller-Rowell TE, Homandberg LK, Curtis DS, Tsenkova VK, Williams DR, Ryff CD. Disparities in insulin resistance between black and white adults in the United States: The role of lifespan stress exposure. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:1-8. [PMID: 31055182 PMCID: PMC6635018 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in insulin resistance between Black and White adults in the United States are well documented, yet relatively little is known about the psychosocial or biological antecedents of these inequities. The current study examined childhood adversity and contemporaneous psychosocial stressors in adulthood as possible mediators of the racial disparity in insulin resistance. Inflammatory and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis mechanisms implicated in associations between lifespan stress exposure and insulin resistance were also considered. METHODS Data were derived from the biomarker component of the Midlife in the United States Study (N = 1170, 20% Black, 56% female, Mean age = 54.7 years, SD = 11.6). A homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Twelve risk factors relating to household dysfunction, socioeconomic disadvantage, and maltreatment were sum scored to index childhood adversity. Measures of adult stress included socioeconomic adversity, major stressful events, everyday discrimination, and lifetime discrimination. RESULTS Levels of insulin resistance were higher among Black than White adults. Childhood adversity was positively associated with HOMA-IR, and attenuated 18% of the race difference. Measures of adult stress mediated 33% of the association between childhood adversity and HOMA-IR, and accounted for an additional 47% of the race difference. Higher inflammation and lower nocturnal cortisol both played an important role in mediating the association between stress exposure and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Findings are consistent with prior research showing that childhood adversity and adult stress are salient predictors of glucose metabolism, and extend this work by showing that lifespan stress exposures attenuate a significant portion of the Black-White disparity in HOMA-IR. Results also suggest stress effects on insulin resistance through inflammatory and HPA-axis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Fuller-Rowell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, AL, United States.
| | - Lydia K Homandberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, AL, United States
| | - David S Curtis
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Vera K Tsenkova
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Carol D Ryff
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Sex differences in the effects of acute stress on cerebral glucose metabolism: A microPET study. Brain Res 2019; 1722:146355. [PMID: 31356782 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress has been considered as a risk factor for the development and aggravation of several diseases. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is one of the main actors for the stress response and homeostasis maintenance. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to evaluate neuronal activity and to study brain regions that may be related to the HPA axis response. Since neuroimaging is an important tool in detecting neuroendocrine-related changes, we used fluorodeoxyglucose-18 (18F-FDG) and positron emission microtomography (microPET) to evaluate sexual differences in the glucose brain metabolism after 10, 30 and 40 min of acute stress in Balb/c mice. We also investigated the effects of restraint stress in blood, liver and adrenal gland 18F-FDG biodistribution using a gamma counter. A decreased glucose uptake in the whole brain in both females and males was found. Additionally, there were time and sex-dependent alterations in the 18F-FDG uptake after restraint stress in specific brain regions, indicating that males could be more vulnerable to the short-term effects of acute stress. According to the gamma counter biodistribution, only females showed a significant decreased glucose uptake in the blood, liver and right adrenal after restraint stress. In addition, in comparisons between the sexes, males showed a decreased glucose uptake in the whole brain and in several brain regions compared to females. In conclusion, exposure to acute restraint stress resulted in significant decreased glucose metabolism in the brain, with particular effects in different regions and organs in a sex-specific manner.
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Niedzwiedz CL. How does mental health stigma get under the skin? Cross-sectional analysis using the Health Survey for England. SSM Popul Health 2019; 8:100433. [PMID: 31312714 PMCID: PMC6609872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increased awareness of mental health problems, stigma persists. Little research has examined potential health and wellbeing outcomes associated with stigma. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between mental health stigma, metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers, as well as wellbeing and quality of life among people with no mental disorder, common mental disorders and severe mental illness. Data were taken from adults aged 16 + years participating in the Health Survey for England in 2014 (N = 5491). Mental health stigma was measured using the 12-item Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale, intended to measure attitudes around prejudice and exclusion, and tolerance and support for community care. Individuals were divided into six groups based on their mental health (no mental disorder, common mental disorder, severe mental illness) and whether they exhibited more (≤25th percentile) or less (>25th percentile) stigmatising attitudes. Metabolic and cardiovascular biomarker outcomes included systolic and diastolic blood pressure; total cholesterol; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; glycated haemoglobin, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio and resting pulse rate. Biomarkers were analysed individually and as an allostatic load score. Wellbeing was measured using Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and quality of life via Euro-QoL-5D (EQ-5D). Linear regression models were calculated adjusted for confounders. Compared to individuals with less stigmatising attitudes, results suggested that those with more negative attitudes exhibited poorer wellbeing and quality of life across all mental disorder/stigma groups, including those with no mental disorder (WEMWBS (range 14–70): b = -1.384, 95% CI: -2.107 to -0.661). People with severe mental illness generally had unhealthier biomarker profiles and allostatic load scores, but results were inconsistent for any additional influence of mental health stigma. Reducing stigma may be beneficial for population wellbeing, but further research is needed to clarify whether stigma contributes to adverse biomarkers amongst people with mental illness. Few studies have researched the consequences of mental health stigma. More stigmatising attitudes relate to poorer wellbeing amongst all groups. People with severe mental illness had more adverse biomarker profiles. Results were inconclusive for any additional influence of mental health stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Niedzwiedz
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, United Kingdom
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45
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Dar T, Radfar A, Abohashem S, Pitman RK, Tawakol A, Osborne MT. Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Disease. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2019; 21:23. [PMID: 31028483 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-019-0724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This manuscript reviews the epidemiological data linking psychosocial stress to cardiovascular disease (CVD), describes recent advances in understanding the biological pathway between them, discusses potential therapies against stress-related CVD, and identifies future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolic activity of the amygdala (a neural center that is critically involved in the response to stress) can be measured on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) yielding a neurobiological signal that independently predicts subsequent CVD events. Furthermore, a serial pathway from ↑amygdalar activity → ↑hematopoietic tissue activity → ↑arterial inflammation → ↑CVD events has been elucidated, providing new insights into the mechanism linking stress to CVD. Psychosocial stress and stress conditions are independently associated with CVD in a manner that depends on the degree and duration of stress as well as the individual response to a stressor. Nevertheless, the fundamental biology remains incompletely defined, and stress is often confounded by adverse health behaviors. Thus, most clinical guidelines do not yet recognize psychosocial stress as an independent CVD risk factor or advocate for its treatment in CVD prevention. Clarification of this neurobiological pathway provides a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and suggests opportunities to develop novel preventive strategies and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawseef Dar
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Azar Radfar
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shady Abohashem
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger K Pitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114-2750, USA.
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Ishai A, Osborne MT, Tung B, Wang Y, Hammad B, Patrich T, Oberfeld B, Fayad ZA, Giles JT, Lo J, Shin LM, Grinspoon SK, Koenen KC, Pitman RK, Tawakol A. Amygdalar Metabolic Activity Independently Associates With Progression of Visceral Adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1029-1038. [PMID: 30383236 PMCID: PMC6375724 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiologic data link psychological stress to adiposity. The underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES To test whether (i) higher activity of the amygdala, a neural center involved in the response to stress, associates with greater visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes and (ii) this association is mediated by increased bone marrow activity. SETTING Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. PATIENTS Two hundred forty-six patients without active oncologic, cardiovascular, or inflammatory disease who underwent clinical 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging were studied. VAT imaging was repeated ∼1 year later in 68 subjects. DESIGN Metabolic activity of the amygdala (AmygA), hematopoietic tissue activity, and adiposity volumes were measured with validated methods. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The relationship between AmygA and baseline and follow-up VAT. RESULTS AmygA associated with baseline body mass index (standardized β = 0.15; P = 0.01), VAT (0.19; P = 0.002), and VAT/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (0.20; P = 0.002), all remaining significant after adjustment for age and sex. AmygA also associated with bone marrow activity (0.15; P = 0.01), which in turn associated with VAT (0.34; P < 0.001). Furthermore, path analysis showed that 48% of the relationship between AmygA and baseline VAT was mediated by increased bone marrow activity (P = 0.007). Moreover, AmygA associated with achieved VAT after 1 year (P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, sex, and baseline VAT. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a neurobiological pathway involving the amygdala and bone marrow linking psychosocial stress to adiposity in humans. Future studies should test whether targeting this mechanism attenuates adiposity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Tung
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Wang
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Basma Hammad
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jon T Giles
- Department of Rheumatology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Janet Lo
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa M Shin
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger K Pitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Ahmed Tawakol, MD, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 5-050, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2750. E-mail:
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Postolache TT, del Bosque-Plata L, Jabbour S, Vergare M, Wu R, Gragnoli C. Co-shared genetics and possible risk gene pathway partially explain the comorbidity of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:186-203. [PMID: 30729689 PMCID: PMC6492942 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in treatment-naive patients are associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). SCZ, MDD, T2D, and MetS are often comorbid and their comorbidity increases cardiovascular risk: Some risk genes are likely co-shared by them. For instance, transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 9 (PSMD9) are two genes independently reported as contributing to T2D and SCZ, and PSMD9 to MDD as well. However, there are scarce data on the shared genetic risk among SCZ, MDD, T2D, and/or MetS. Here, we briefly describe T2D, MetS, SCZ, and MDD and their genetic architecture. Next, we report separately about the comorbidity of SCZ and MDD with T2D and MetS, and their respective genetic overlap. We propose a novel hypothesis that genes of the prolactin (PRL)-pathway may be implicated in the comorbidity of these disorders. The inherited predisposition of patients with SCZ and MDD to psychoneuroendocrine dysfunction may confer increased risk of T2D and MetS. We illustrate a strategy to identify risk variants in each disorder and in their comorbid psychoneuroendocrine and mental-metabolic dysfunctions, advocating for studies of genetically homogeneous and phenotype-rich families. The results will guide future studies of the shared predisposition and molecular genetics of new homogeneous endophenotypes of SCZ, MDD, and metabolic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor T. Postolache
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, Colorado,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura del Bosque-Plata
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomic Laboratory, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Serge Jabbour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Vergare
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania,Department of Statistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trauma-Informed Care in Rehabilitation Clinical Practice. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2019; 1:100003. [PMID: 33543043 PMCID: PMC7853397 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2019.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to physical, behavioral, and mental health issues throughout the lifespan and, because of their prevalence, constitute a significant public health issue. Practitioners in all health care disciplines need to be knowledgeable about ACEs and prepared to address them. ACEs can contribute to conditions that lead patients to seek rehabilitation care, and therefore a framework is needed that enables rehabilitation professionals to understand the effects of ACEs and how to discuss them with patients. This article summarizes ACE research and its clinical relevance, presents an overview of the related topic of trauma-informed care, and introduces rehabilitation professionals to practical tools for incorporating ACE- and trauma-informed care into clinical practice. There is growing acknowledgement across all health care disciplines of the impact of ACEs. ACEs are understood as stressful, potentially traumatic events that may have lasting negative effects on health and well-being. Since the 1990s, when landmark research found striking associations between early life stress and adversity and a wide range of chronic physical, behavioral, and mental health issues, international attention to ACEs as a major public health issue has grown.1, 2 ACE-related research has identified strong correlations between chronic disease, stress, and prior experience. Eighty-six percent of health care dollars in the United States are spent on chronic diseases, and a population health strategy should include empowering, person-centered, low-risk, low-cost, self-management skill-building practices to help patients manage the stress response.3 Though a relevant consideration for all care provision, the biopsychosocial framework may be particularly important for understanding and working with chronic health conditions.4, 5, 6, 7 For example, chronic pain affects 116 million in the United States8 and may be a key force in driving patients to seek rehabilitation services. Patients need their providers to skillfully and comprehensively navigate the intersection of mental, emotional, and physical components of their healing process. Given the prevalence of ACEs and their potential contribution to chronic pain, among other conditions, rehabilitation professionals should be prepared to address ACEs in the clinical setting as a possible underlying contributor to the condition for which treatment is sought. This article provides an overview of ACEs research and the health effects that can result from ACEs and introduces a trauma-informed practical guide for rehabilitation professionals to use in clinical encounters. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to a broad spectrum of health challenges across the lifespan and constitute a significant public health issue. Rehabilitation professionals routinely work with individuals experiencing health challenges that may be linked to ACEs. Models of trauma-informed care and resilience-building approaches assist rehabilitation professionals in contributing to a solution to the prevalence of ACEs and chronic stress in the population. A novel schema is presented to assist rehabilitation professionals in navigating the topic of ACEs in clinical care.
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Chang HH, Chang WH, Chi MH, Peng YC, Huang CC, Yang YK, Chen PS. The OXTR Polymorphism Stratified the Correlation of Oxytocin and Glucose Homeostasis in Non-Diabetic Subjects. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2707-2713. [PMID: 31908511 PMCID: PMC6927562 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s226245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous animal studies have shown that the oxytocin system might affect glucose homeostasis through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and peripheral organs. Moreover, whether the effect is stratified by the polymorphism of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we recruited 89 non-diabetic participants. Their plasma oxytocin and serum insulin profiles were obtained, and the polymorphism of OXTR rs53576 was genotyped. RESULTS There were significant correlations between the oxytocin level and fasting glucose level (r = -0.29, P <0.01), insulin level (r = -0.26, P = 0.01), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = -0.25, P = 0.01), when adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). When further considering the stratification effects of OXTR variation, we found that the oxytocin level was significantly correlated with the fasting glucose level (r = -0.25, P = 0.04), insulin level (r = -0.35, P = 0.03), and HOMA-IR (r = -0.35, P < 0.01) in subjects with the OXTR A allele (n = 75) after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI. In addition, the oxytocin level in those with the GG genotype of OXTR was significantly negatively correlated with the leptin level (n = 14, r = -0.66, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the polymorphism of OXTR plays an important role in individual differences in the correlation of oxytocin and glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei Hung Chi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chin Peng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Po See Chen Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng Li Road, North District, Tainan70403, TaiwanTel +886-6-2353535 ext. 5189Fax +886-6-2759259 Email
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Wei NL, Quan ZF, Zhao T, Yu XD, Xie Q, Zeng J, Ma FK, Wang F, Tang QS, Wu H, Zhu JH. Chronic stress increases susceptibility to food addiction by increasing the levels of DR2 and MOR in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1211-1229. [PMID: 31190828 PMCID: PMC6512647 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s204818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stress-related obesity might be related to the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenocortical axis and dysregulation of the metabolic system. Chronic stress also induces the dysregulation of the reward system and increases the risk of food addiction, according to recent clinical findings. However, few studies have tested the effect of chronic stress on food addiction in animal models. Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify whether chronic stress promotes food addiction or not and explore the possible mechanisms. Method: We applied adaily 2 hrsflashing LED irradiation stress to mice fed chow or palatable food to mimic the effect of chronic stress on feeding. After 1 month of chronic stress exposure, we tested their binge eating behaviors, cravings for palatable food, responses for palatable food, and compulsive eating behaviors to evaluate the effect of chronic stress on food addiction-like behaviors. We detected changes in the levels of various genes and proteins in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and lateral hypothalamus using qPCR and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Results: Behaviors results indicated chronic stress obviously increased food addiction score (FAS) in the palatable food feeding mice. Moreover, the FAS had astrong relationship with the extent of the increase in body weight. Chronic stress increased the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1(CRFR1) was increased in the NAc shell and core but decreased in the VTA of the mice fed with palatable food. Chronic stress also increased expression of both dopamine receptor 2 (DR2) and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in the NAc. Conclusion: Chronic stress aggravates the FAS and contributed to the development of stress-related obesity. Chronic stress drives the dysregulation of the CRF signaling pathway in the reward system and increases the expression of DR2 and MOR in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Li Wei
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu China, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Fang Quan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Kai Ma
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Sheng Tang
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
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