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Wang YH, Lin CW, Huang CW. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Potential Treatments for COVID-19-Induced Anosmia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2085. [PMID: 39335598 PMCID: PMC11428228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Some individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) experience anosmia, or loss of smell. Although the prevalence of anosmia has decreased with the emergence of the Omicron variant, it remains a significant concern. This review examines the potential role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 PUFAs, in treating COVID-19-induced anosmia by focusing on the underlying mechanisms of the condition. Omega-3 PUFAs are known for their anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and neurotransmission-enhancing properties, which could potentially aid in olfactory recovery. However, study findings are inconsistent. For instance, a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial found no significant effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on olfactory recovery in patients with COVID-19-induced anosmia. These mixed results highlight the limitations of existing research, including small sample sizes, lack of placebo controls, short follow-up periods, and combined treatments. Therefore, more rigorous, large-scale studies are urgently needed to definitively assess the therapeutic potential of omega-3 PUFAs for olfactory dysfunction. Further research is also crucial to explore the broader role of PUFAs in managing viral infections and promoting sensory recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Lin
- Department of Education, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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2
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Li S, Du Z, Ma H, Cai L, Liu X, He J. Mendelian randomization provides causal association between COVID-19 and thyroid cancer: insights from a multi-cancer analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1419020. [PMID: 39319057 PMCID: PMC11419959 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1419020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused over 600 million confirmed infections and more than 6.8 million deaths worldwide, with ongoing implications for human health. COVID-19 has been extensively documented to have extrapulmonary manifestations due to the widespread expression of necessary ACE2 receptors in the human body. Nevertheless, the association between COVID-19 and cancer risk remains inadequately explored. This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) methods to examine the causal relationship between genetic variations associated with COVID-19 and the risk of developing cancer. The findings indicate that COVID-19 has negligible impact on most cancer risks. Interestingly, a higher COVID-19 impact is associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer. In summary, our findings demonstrate a genetic correlation between COVID-19 and thyroid cancer, contributing to our understanding of the interplay between COVID-19 and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Li
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zedong Du
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Dibakou SE, Mbani Mpega Ntigui CN, Oyegue-Liabagui SL, Otsague Ekore D, Okomo Nguema LY, Lekana-Douki JB, Ngoubangoye B. Neopterin production in relation to COVID-19 in the Haut-Ogooué Province, Gabon. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:872. [PMID: 39198763 PMCID: PMC11351030 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, understanding of the immune process associated with the COVID-19 pandemic remains scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma neopterin concentrations and COVID-19 infection, focusing on changes over time and age-related changes in immune response. METHODS A retrospective case study was conducted during the first wave of COVID-19 from March to August 2020. Whole blood and associated symptoms and comorbidities were collected from patients of all ages and sexes. Concentrations of plasma neopterin were measured using a commercial competitive neopterin ELISA (Neopterin ELISA, IBL International GmbH, Germany). RESULTS We analyzed data for 325 patients: 38% (n = 124) with COVID-19, and 62% (n = 201) without COVID-19, as a control group. We found that plasma neopterin concentrations were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group (mean value 45.1 nmol/L (SD 19)) than in the control group (mean value 33.8 nmol/L (SD 13)) (p = 0.004). In addition, neopterin levels decreased gradually over time in patients with COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Moreover, ROC analysis found that the best cut-off value for diagnosing COVID-19 patients based on plasma neopterin levels was 38.85 nmol/L with 70% sensitivity and 82% specificity (AUC, 0.74 [0.69-0.82], p < 0.05). We also found an increase in neopterin production with increasing age (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings contribute to our growing understanding of neopterin levels as a promising biomarker for the detection of COVID-19 cases in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ely Dibakou
- Département de Primatologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon.
| | - Chérone Nancy Mbani Mpega Ntigui
- Unité d'Evolution Epidémiologie et Résistances Parasitaires (UNEEREP), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale (ECODRAC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP 876, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Sandrine Lydie Oyegue-Liabagui
- Unité d'Evolution Epidémiologie et Résistances Parasitaires (UNEEREP), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale (ECODRAC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP 876, Franceville, Gabon
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 914, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Desire Otsague Ekore
- Département de Primatologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Linaa Yasmine Okomo Nguema
- Département de Primatologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jean Bernard Lekana-Douki
- Unité d'Evolution Epidémiologie et Résistances Parasitaires (UNEEREP), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
- Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Sciences de la Santé (USS), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Barthelemy Ngoubangoye
- Département de Primatologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
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4
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Abdolmohammadi-Vahid S, Baradaran B, Adcock IM, Mortaz E. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and SARS-CoV2 infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112419. [PMID: 38865755 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) triggers coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which predominantly targets the respiratory tract. SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially severe COVID-19, is associated with dysregulated immune responses against the virus, including exaggerated inflammatory responses known as the cytokine storm, together with lymphocyte and NK cell dysfunction known as immune cell exhaustion. Overexpression of negative immune checkpoints such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 plays a considerable role in the dysfunction of immune cells upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blockade of these checkpoints has been suggested to improve the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients by promoting potent immune responses against the virus. In the current review, we provide an overview of the potential of checkpoint inhibitors to induce potent immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and improving the clinical outcome of severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Respiratory Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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5
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Zhang Y, Hua J, Chen L. Identifying the plasma metabolome responsible for mediating immune cell action in severe COVID-19: a Mendelian randomization investigation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1393432. [PMID: 39224704 PMCID: PMC11366714 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1393432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The immune response regulates the severity of COVID-19 (sCOVID-19). This study examined the cause-and-effect relationship between immune cell traits (ICTs) and the risk of severe COVID-19. Additionally, we discovered the potential role of plasma metabolome in modulating this risk. Methods Employing data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) assessment of 731 genetic ICTs and sCOVID-19 (5,101 cases, 1,383,241 controls) incidence. The MR analysis was utilized to further quantitate the degree of plasma metabolome-mediated regulation of immune traits in sCOVID-19. Results The inverse variance weighted method recognized 2 plasma metabolites (PMs) responsible for casual associations between immune cells and sCOVID-19 risk. These included Tridecenedioate (C13:1-DC) which regulated the association between CD27 on IgD- CD38br (OR 0.804, 95% CI 0.699-0.925, p = 0.002) and sCOVID-19 risk (mediated proportion: 18.7%); arginine to citrulline ratio which controlled the relationship of CD39 on monocyte (OR 1.053, 95% CI 1.013-1.094, p = 0.009) with sCOVID-19 risk (mediated proportion: -7.11%). No strong evidence that genetically predicted sCOVID-19 influenced the aforementioned immune traits. Conclusion In this study, we have successfully identified a cause-and-effect relationship between certain ICTs, PMs, and the likelihood of contracting severe COVID-19. Our findings can potentially improve the accuracy of COVID-19 prognostic evaluation and provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Classen N, Pitakbut T, Schöfbänker M, Kühn J, Hrincius ER, Ludwig S, Hensel A, Kayser O. Cannabigerol and Cannabicyclol Block SARS-CoV-2 Cell Fusion. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:717-725. [PMID: 38885660 DOI: 10.1055/a-2320-8822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The search for new active substances against SARS-CoV-2 is still a central challenge after the COVID-19 pandemic. Antiviral agents to complement vaccination are an important pillar in the clinical situation. Selected cannabinoids such as cannabigerol, cannabicyclol, cannabichromene, and cannabicitran from Cannabis sativa and synthetic homologues of cannabigerol and cannabicyclol were evaluated for effects on the cell viability of Vero cells (CC50 of cannabigerol and cannabicyclol 40 resp. 38 µM) and reduced virus entry of vesicular stomatitis pseudotyped viruses with surface-expressed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at 20 µM. In addition to a reduction of pseudotyped virus entry, a titer reduction assay on Vero cells after preincubation of Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 significantly confirmed antiviral activity. Investigations on the molecular targets addressed by cannabigerol and cannabicyclol indicated that both compounds are inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion, as could be shown by a virus-free reporter fusion inhibition assay (EC50 for cannabigerol 5.5 µM and for cannabicyclol 10.8 µM) and by monitoring syncytia formation in Vero reporter cells. Selectivity indices were calculated as 7.4 for cannabigerol and 3.5 for cannabicyclol. Systematic semisynthetic alterations of cannabigerol and cannabicyclol indicated that the side chains of both compounds do not contribute to the observed anti-membrane fusion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nica Classen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Thanet Pitakbut
- Technical Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Kühn
- Institute of Virology Münster (IVM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Eike R Hrincius
- Institute of Virology Münster (IVM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Münster (IVM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Kayser
- Technical Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Dortmund, Germany
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7
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Korobova ZR, Arsentieva NA, Santoni A, Totolian AA. Role of IL-27 in COVID-19: A Thin Line between Protection and Disease Promotion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7953. [PMID: 39063193 PMCID: PMC11276726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm is usually described as one of the main reasons behind COVID-associated mortality. Cytokines are essential protein molecules engaged in immune responses; they play a critical role in protection against infections. However, they also contribute to inflammatory reactions and tissue damage, becoming a double-edged sword in the context of COVID-19. Recent studies have suggested various cytokines and chemokines that play a crucial role in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. One such cytokine is interleukin 27 (IL-27), which has been found to be elevated in the blood plasma of patients with COVID-19. Within this study, we will explore the role of IL-27 in immune responses and analyze both the existing literature and our own prior research findings on this cytokine in the context of COVID-19. It affects a wide variety of immune cells. Regardless of the pathological process it is involved in, IL-27 is critical for upholding the necessary balance between tissue damage and cytotoxicity against infectious agents and/or tumors. In COVID-19, it is involved in multiple processes, including antiviral cytotoxicity via CD8+ cells, IgG subclass switching, and even the activation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoia R. Korobova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Z.R.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Pavlov First State Medical University of Saint Petersburg, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Arsentieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Z.R.K.)
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute–Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Areg A. Totolian
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Z.R.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Pavlov First State Medical University of Saint Petersburg, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Padín JF, Pérez-Ortiz JM, Redondo-Calvo FJ. Aprotinin (II): Inhalational Administration for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7209. [PMID: 39000315 PMCID: PMC11241800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aprotinin is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of human proteases that has been approved for the treatment of bleeding in single coronary artery bypass surgery because of its potent antifibrinolytic actions. Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an urgent need to find new antiviral drugs. Aprotinin is a good candidate for therapeutic repositioning as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug and for treating the symptomatic processes that characterise viral respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. This is due to its strong pharmacological ability to inhibit a plethora of host proteases used by respiratory viruses in their infective mechanisms. The proteases allow the cleavage and conformational change of proteins that make up their viral capsid, and thus enable them to anchor themselves by recognition of their target in the epithelial cell. In addition, the activation of these proteases initiates the inflammatory process that triggers the infection. The attraction of the drug is not only its pharmacodynamic characteristics but also the possibility of administration by the inhalation route, avoiding unwanted systemic effects. This, together with the low cost of treatment (≈2 Euro/dose), makes it a good candidate to reach countries with lower economic means. In this article, we will discuss the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics of aprotinin administered by the inhalation route; analyse the main advances in our knowledge of this medication; and the future directions that should be taken in research in order to reposition this medication in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Fernando Padín
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13971 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Ortiz
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Redondo-Calvo
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13971 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University General Hospital, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital and Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Ferrucci V, Miceli M, Pagliuca C, Bianco O, Castaldo L, Izzo L, Cozzolino M, Zannella C, Oglio F, Polcaro A, Randazzo A, Colicchio R, Galdiero M, Berni Canani R, Salvatore P, Zollo M. Modulation of innate immunity related genes resulting in prophylactic antimicrobial and antiviral properties. J Transl Med 2024; 22:574. [PMID: 38886736 PMCID: PMC11184722 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate immunity acts during the early phases of infection and its failure in response to a multilayer network of co-infections is cause of immune system dysregulation. Epidemiological SARS-CoV-2 infections data, show that Influenza Virus (FLU-A-B-C) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) are co-habiting those respiratory traits. These viruses, especially in children (mostly affected by 'multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children' [MIS-C] and the winter pandemic FLU), in the aged population, and in 'fragile' patients are causing alteration in immune response. Then, bacterial and fungal pathogens are also co-habiting the upper respiratory traits (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans), thus contributing to morbidity in those COVID-19 affected patients. METHODS Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry using the quadrupole orbital ion trap analyser (i.e., UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was adopted to measure the polyphenols content of a new nutraceutical formula (Solution-3). Viral infections with SARS-CoV-2 (EG.5), FLU-A and RSV-A viruses (as performed in BLS3 authorised laboratory) and real time RT-PCR (qPCR) assay were used to test the antiviral action of the nutraceutical formula. Dilution susceptibility tests have been used to estimate the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC, respectively) of Solution-3 on a variety of microorganisms belonging to Gram positive/ negative bacteria and fungi. Transcriptomic data analyses and functional genomics (i.e., RNAseq and data mining), coupled to qPCR and ELISA assays have been used to investigate the mechanisms of action of the nutraceutical formula on those processes involved in innate immune response. RESULTS Here, we have tested the combination of natural products containing higher amounts of polyphenols (i.e., propolis, Verbascum thapsus L., and Thymus vulgaris L.), together with the inorganic long chain polyphosphates 'polyPs' with antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal behaviours, against SARS-CoV-2, FLU-A, RSV-A, Gram positive/ negative bacteria and fungi (i.e., Candida albicans). These components synergistically exert an immunomodulatory action by enhancing those processes involved in innate immune response (e.g., cytokines: IFNγ, TNFα, IL-10, IL-6/12; chemokines: CXCL1; antimicrobial peptides: HBD-2, LL-37; complement system: C3). CONCLUSION The prophylactic antimicrobial success of this nutraceutical formula against SARS-CoV-2, FLU-A and RSV-A viruses, together with the common bacteria and fungi co-infections as present in human oral cavity, is expected to be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate 'Franco Salvatore', Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- Elysium Cell Bio Ita, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Miceli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate 'Franco Salvatore', Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Orazio Bianco
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate 'Franco Salvatore', Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marica Cozzolino
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate 'Franco Salvatore', Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Oglio
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate 'Franco Salvatore', Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Polcaro
- Polcaro Fitopreparazioni S.R.L, Via Sant Agnello, 9 D; 80030, Roccarainola, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
- UOC of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate 'Franco Salvatore', Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate 'Franco Salvatore', Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate 'Franco Salvatore', Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- Elysium Cell Bio Ita, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Carvajal JJ, García-Castillo V, Cuellar SV, Campillay-Véliz CP, Salazar-Ardiles C, Avellaneda AM, Muñoz CA, Retamal-Díaz A, Bueno SM, González PA, Kalergis AM, Lay MK. New insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363572. [PMID: 38911850 PMCID: PMC11190347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the respiratory distress condition known as COVID-19. This disease broadly affects several physiological systems, including the gastrointestinal, renal, and central nervous (CNS) systems, significantly influencing the patient's overall quality of life. Additionally, numerous risk factors have been suggested, including gender, body weight, age, metabolic status, renal health, preexisting cardiomyopathies, and inflammatory conditions. Despite advances in understanding the genome and pathophysiological ramifications of COVID-19, its precise origins remain elusive. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with a receptor-binding domain within angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This receptor is expressed in various organs of different species, including humans, with different abundance. Although COVID-19 has multiorgan manifestations, the main pathologies occur in the lung, including pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, and secondary bacterial pneumonia. In the post-COVID-19 period, different sequelae may occur, which may have various causes, including the direct action of the virus, alteration of the immune response, and metabolic alterations during infection, among others. Recognizing the serious adverse health effects associated with COVID-19, it becomes imperative to comprehensively elucidate and discuss the existing evidence surrounding this viral infection, including those related to the pathophysiological effects of the disease and the subsequent consequences. This review aims to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the impact of COVID-19 and its long-term effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan J. Carvajal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Valeria García-Castillo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Shelsy V. Cuellar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Center for Research in Physiology and Altitude Medicine (FIMEDALT), Biomedical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Andrea M. Avellaneda
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Santo Tomás, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Christian A. Muñoz
- Research Center in Immunology and Biomedical Biotechnology of Antofagasta (CIIBBA), University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Research Center in Immunology and Biomedical Biotechnology of Antofagasta (CIIBBA), University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita K. Lay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Research Center in Immunology and Biomedical Biotechnology of Antofagasta (CIIBBA), University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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11
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Devi OS, Singh SS, Kamei R, Sharma HJ, Devi MA, Brahmacharimayum N. Glycosylated SARs Cov 2 interaction with plant lectins. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:185-199. [PMID: 38748325 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immune carbohydrate-binding proteins/glycoproteins that are found everywhere in nature, from bacteria to human cells. They have also been a valuable biological tool for the purification and subsequent characterisation of glycoproteins due to their carbohydrate binding recognition capacity. Antinociceptive, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory activities and immune modulatory properties have been discovered in several plant lectins, with these qualities varying depending on the lectin carbohydrate-binding site. The Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease that has swept the globe, killing millions and infecting millions more. Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccinations and the vaccination of a huge portion of the world's population, viral infection rates continue to rise, causing major concern. Part of the reason for the vaccine's ineffectiveness has been attributed to repeated mutations in the virus's epitope determinant elements. The surface of the Coronavirus envelope is heavily glycosylated, with approximately sixty N-linked oligomannose, composite, and hybrid glycans covering the core of Man3GlcNAc2Asn. Some O-linked glycans have also been discovered. Many of these glyco-chains have also been subjected to multiple mutations, with only a few remaining conserved. As a result, numerous plant lectins with specificity for these viral envelope sugars have been discovered to interact preferentially with them and are being investigated as a potential future tool to combat coronaviruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by preventing viral attachment to the host. The review will discuss the possible applications of plant lectins as anti-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, antinociceptive, anti-inflammation and its immune modulating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rana Kamei
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipur University, Imphal, India
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Raj ST, Bruce AW, Anbalagan M, Srinivasan H, Chinnappan S, Rajagopal M, Khanna K, Chandramoorthy HC, Mani RR. COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1384939. [PMID: 38863829 PMCID: PMC11165100 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1384939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered unprecedented global attention. It caused over 2.47 million deaths through various syndromes such as acute respiratory distress, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ failure. The viral invasion proceeds through the ACE2 receptor, expressed in multiple cell types, and in some patients caused serious damage to tissues, organs, immune cells, and the microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some patients who survived the SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed months of persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Diagnosis of these patients has revealed multiple biological effects, none of which are mutually exclusive. However, the severity of COVID-19 also depends on numerous comorbidities such as obesity, age, diabetes, and hypertension and care must be taken with respect to other multiple morbidities, such as host immunity. Gut microbiota in relation to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology is considered to evolve COVID-19 progression via mechanisms of biochemical metabolism, exacerbation of inflammation, intestinal mucosal secretion, cytokine storm, and immunity regulation. Therefore, modulation of gut microbiome equilibrium through food supplements and probiotics remains a hot topic of current research and debate. In this review, we discuss the biological complications of the physio-pathological effects of COVID-19 infection, GIT immune response, and therapeutic pharmacological strategies. We also summarize the therapeutic targets of probiotics, their limitations, and the efficacy of preclinical and clinical drugs to effectively inhibit the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterlin T. Raj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ekka Diagnostics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alexander W. Bruce
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hemalatha Srinivasan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Sasikala Chinnappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University College of Sedaya International UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University College of Sedaya International UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kushagra Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Harish C. Chandramoorthy
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravishankar Ram Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University College of Sedaya International UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Starshinova A, Borozinets A, Kulpina A, Sereda V, Rubinstein A, Kudryavtsev I, Kudlay D. Bronchial Asthma and COVID-19: Etiology, Pathological Triggers, and Therapeutic Considerations. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:269-287. [PMID: 38921725 PMCID: PMC11206645 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (BA) continues to be a difficult disease to diagnose. Various factors have been described in the development of BA, but to date, there is no clear evidence for the etiology of this chronic disease. The emergence of COVID-19 has contributed to the pandemic course of asthma and immunologic features. However, there are no unambiguous data on asthma on the background and after COVID-19. There is correlation between various trigger factors that provoke the development of bronchial asthma. It is now obvious that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is one of the provoking factors. COVID-19 has affected the course of asthma. Currently, there is no clear understanding of whether asthma progresses during or after COVID-19 infection. According to the results of some studies, a significant difference was identified between the development of asthma in people after COVID-19. Mild asthma and moderate asthma do not increase the severity of COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, oral steroid treatment and hospitalization for severe BA were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is one of the protective factors. It causes the development of severe bronchial asthma. The accumulated experience with omalizumab in patients with severe asthma during COVID-19, who received omalizumab during the pandemic, has strongly suggested that continued treatment with omalizumab is safe and may help prevent the severe course of COVID-19. Targeted therapy for asthma with the use of omalizumab may also help to reduce severe asthma associated with COVID-19. However, further studies are needed to prove the effect of omalizumab. Data analysis should persist, based on the results of the course of asthma after COVID-19 with varying degrees of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Borozinets
- Medical Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 197022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kulpina
- Medical Department, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vitaliy Sereda
- Medical Department, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem Rubinstein
- Department of immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Elias TP, Gebreamlak TW, Gebremeskel TT, Adde BL, Abie AS, Elias BP, Argaw AM, Tenaw AA, Belay BM. Determinants of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome among hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients: A 2-year follow-up study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298409. [PMID: 38728331 PMCID: PMC11086844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is a condition where individuals experience persistent symptoms after the acute phase of the COVID-19 infection has resolved, which lowers their quality of life and ability to return to work. This study assessed the prevalence and associated risk factors of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) among severe COVID-19 patients who were discharged from Millennium COVID-19 Care Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study using data collected from patient charts and a follow-up telephone interview after two years of discharge. Systematic random sampling was used to select a total of 400 patients. A structured questionnaire developed from the case report form for PACS of the World Health Organization (WHO) was used. Frequency and cross-tabulation were used for descriptive statistics. Predictor variables with a p-value <0.25 in bivariate analyses were included in the logistic regression. RESULT Out of the 400 patients, 20 patients were dead, 14 patients refused to give consent, and 26 patients couldn't be reached because their phones weren't working. Finally, 340 were included in the study. The majority (68.5%) were males and the mean age was 53.9 (±13.3 SD) years. More than a third (38.1%) of the patients reported the persistence of at least one symptom after hospital discharge. The most common symptoms were fatigue (27.5%) and Cough (15.3%). Older age (AOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.07), female sex (AOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.00-3.29), presence of comorbidity (AOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.35-4.19), alcohol use (AOR 3.05, 95% CI 1.49-6.26), fatigue at presentation (AOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.21-3.95), and longer hospital stay (AOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10) were found to increase the odds of developing post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Higher hemoglobin level was found to decrease the risk of subsequent post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (AOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.99). CONCLUSION The prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is high, with a wide range of persistent symptoms experienced by patients. COVID-19 survivors with the identified risk factors are more susceptible to post-acute COVID-19 and require targeted monitoring and care in a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamrat Petros Elias
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Binyam Lukas Adde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Menelik II Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Sisay Abie
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abel Mureja Argaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Aschenek Tenaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yekatit 12 Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Mulugeta Belay
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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15
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El Hasbani G, Applewhite AI, Scheuing W, Maher L. Adult-Onset Still's Disease Following COVID-19 Infection in a Patient Receiving Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e60946. [PMID: 38910713 PMCID: PMC11193550 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been associated with numerous complications, including autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The surge of cytokines following COVID-19 infection or vaccination has been proposed to contribute to immune dysregulation, which might subsequently give rise to an autoinflammatory syndrome. Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is one of the rare autoinflammatory diseases characterized by a surge of cytokines. Although an association between COVID-19 vaccines and AOSD has been reported, an association with COVID-19 infection or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir remains very rare. In this case, we present a patient who developed AOSD after COVID-19 infection and subsequent treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. After the initial response to glucocorticoids, canakinumab was initiated, resulting in positive clinical outcomes.
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16
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Keivan F, Abtahi Froushani SM. Naringenin modifies T-helper responses and macrophage activities in BALB/c mice. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:402-414. [PMID: 39086864 PMCID: PMC11287029 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective Naringenin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in citrus fruits. This study was done to compare the oral immunomodulatory effects of naringenin and prednisolone. Materials and Methods The effect of one-month oral administration of naringenin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and prednisolone (2 mg/kg) on peritoneal macrophage was compared in the first set of experiments. Separate evaluations were conducted on the effects of naringenin on in vivo and ex vivoT-helper (Th) lymphocyte responses and their subsets in mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA). Animals challenged with OVA received oral doses of naringenin or prednisolone from two days prior to immunization to 28 days after immunization. Results Naringenin and prednisolone increased macrophages' respiratory burst, and nitric oxide and interleukin (IL)-10 production while decreasing IL-12 production. Macrophages isolated from mice administered with 40 mg/kg naringenin had greater phagocytic potential than those isolated from mice administered with prednisolone. OVA-challenged mice treated with 40 mg/kg naringenin or prednisolone had decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity comparable to control mice. The splenocyte proliferation index was lower in the prednisolone-treated group than the naringenin-treated group, even at 40 mg/kg. In the splenocyte cultures, both agents decreased T-bet expression. Naringenin, in contrast to prednisolone, did not affect GATA3expression. The 40 mg/kg naringenin dose reduced RORγt more effectively than prednisolone. Conclusion All these findings indicate the potential of naringenin as a modifying agent of immune responses. Consequently, naringenin may be beneficial in controlling some immunopathological conditions.
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Chen L, Dai X. Venous thromboembolism and severe COVID-19: a Mendelian randomization trial and transcriptomic analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363598. [PMID: 38742101 PMCID: PMC11089160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is known to be intricately linked to severe COVID-19 (sCOVID-19) occurrence. Herein, we employed univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) and transcriptome analysis to predict the causal association and associated signaling networks between VTE and sCOVID-19. Methods Potential VTE and sCOVID-19 association was assessed using MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and inverse variance weighted (IVW) regression. We conducted independent univariable analyses involving VTE and sCOVID-19. Using heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and the Leave-One-Out examinations, we performed sensitivity analyses. Thereafter, we performed transcriptome analysis of the GSE164805 dataset to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Lastly, we conducted immune analyses. Results Based on our univariable analysis, VTE was a strong indicator of sCOVID-19 development, and it was intricately linked to sCOVID-19. We further conducted sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the reliability of our results. Using differential analysis, we identified 15 major genes, namely, ACSS2, CEP250, CYP4V2, DDB2, EIF6, GBGT1, GSS, MADD, MAPK8IP1, MMP24, YBPC3, NT5DC3, PROCR, SURF6, and YIPF2, which were strongly connected to suppressive adaptive immune as well as augmented inflammatory cells. In addition, we uncovered strong associations with most differential immunologic gene sets, such as, the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), immunoactivators, and immunosuppressors. Conclusion Herein, we demonstrated we strong association between VTE and enhanced sCOVID-19 risk. We also identified 15 DEGs which potentially contribute to the shared immunologic pathogenesis between VTE and sCOVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoting Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Oliveira VLS, Queiroz-Junior CM, Hoorelbeke D, Santos FRDS, Chaves IDM, Teixeira MM, Russo RDC, Proost P, Costa VV, Struyf S, Amaral FA. The glycosaminoglycan-binding chemokine fragment CXCL9(74-103) reduces inflammation and tissue damage in mouse models of coronavirus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378591. [PMID: 38686377 PMCID: PMC11056509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary diseases represent a significant burden to patients and the healthcare system and are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Particularly, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, affecting public health, economies, and daily life. While the peak of the crisis has subsided, the global number of reported COVID-19 cases remains significantly high, according to medical agencies around the world. Furthermore, despite the success of vaccines in reducing the number of deaths caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there remains a gap in the treatment of the disease, especially in addressing uncontrolled inflammation. The massive recruitment of leukocytes to lung tissue and alveoli is a hallmark factor in COVID-19, being essential for effectively responding to the pulmonary insult but also linked to inflammation and lung damage. In this context, mice models are a crucial tool, offering valuable insights into both the pathogenesis of the disease and potential therapeutic approaches. Methods Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding chemokine fragment CXCL9(74-103), a molecule that potentially decreases neutrophil transmigration by competing with chemokines for GAG-binding sites, in two models of pneumonia caused by coronavirus infection. Results In a murine model of betacoronavirus MHV-3 infection, the treatment with CXCL9(74-103) decreased the accumulation of total leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, to the alveolar space and improved several parameters of lung dysfunction 3 days after infection. Additionally, this treatment also reduced the lung damage. In the SARS-CoV-2 model in K18-hACE2-mice, CXCL9(74-103) significantly improved the clinical manifestations of the disease, reducing pulmonary damage and decreasing viral titers in the lungs. Discussion These findings indicate that CXCL9(74-103) resulted in highly favorable outcomes in controlling pneumonia caused by coronavirus, as it effectively diminishes the clinical consequences of the infections and reduces both local and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Louise Soares Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Delphine Hoorelbeke
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felipe Rocha da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ian de Meira Chaves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo de Castro Russo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paul Proost
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Antoniou T, McCormack D, Tadrous M, Gomes T. Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists and the risk of hospitalization or death in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A population-based study. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38575851 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-1 receptor antagonists may interfere with IL-6 signaling and could therefore be a potential treatment for COVID-19. However, the effectiveness of these drugs in mitigating the risk of clinical deterioration among non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to examine the association between alpha-1 antagonist exposure and the 30-day risk of a hospital encounter or death in nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study of Ontario residents aged 35 years and older who were eligible for public drug coverage and who had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 between January 1, 2020, and March 1, 2021. We matched each individual receiving an alpha-1 antagonist at the time of their positive test with two non-exposed individuals using propensity scores. Our outcome was a composite of a hospital admission, emergency department visit, or death, 1 to 30 days following the positive test. RESULTS We matched 3289 alpha-1 antagonist exposed patients to 6189 unexposed patients. Overall, there was no difference in the 30-day risk of the primary outcome among patients exposed to alpha-1 antagonists at the time of their diagnosis relative to unexposed individuals (28.8% vs. 28.0%; OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.11). In a secondary analysis, individuals exposed to alpha-1 antagonists had a lower risk of death in the 30 days following a COVID diagnosis (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.93). CONCLUSION Alpha-1 antagonists did not mitigate the 30-day risk of clinical deterioration in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our findings do not support the general repurposing of alpha-1 antagonists as a treatment for such patients, although there may be subgroups of patients in whom further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Antoniou
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel McCormack
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mina Tadrous
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Gomes
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Bermejo-Jambrina M, van der Donk LE, van Hamme JL, Wilflingseder D, de Bree G, Prins M, de Jong M, Nieuwkerk P, van Gils MJ, Kootstra NA, Geijtenbeek TB. Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. EMBO J 2024; 43:1135-1163. [PMID: 38418557 PMCID: PMC10987522 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses contribute to the excessive and uncontrolled inflammation observed in severe COVID-19. However, how immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is induced and regulated remains unclear. Here, we uncover the role of the complement system in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Complement rapidly opsonizes SARS-CoV-2 particles via the lectin pathway. Complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses via activation of dendritic cells, which are inhibited by antibodies against the complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4. Serum from COVID-19 patients, or monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, attenuate innate and adaptive immunity induced by complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2. Blocking of CD32, the FcγRII antibody receptor of dendritic cells, restores complement-induced immunity. These results suggest that opsonization of SARS-CoV-2 by complement is involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of infection. Subsequent antibody responses limit inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the complement system and FcγRII signaling may contribute to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lieve Eh van der Donk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Godelieve de Bree
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pythia Nieuwkerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology (J3-2019-1), Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis Bh Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Korotaeva AA, Samoilova EV, Pogosova NV, Kuchiev DT, Gomyranova NV, Paleev FN. Factors of Interleukin-6 Signaling in COVID-19 Patients with Lung Damage of Varying Degrees: A Pilot Study. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:772-775. [PMID: 38890212 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Specific features of IL-6 signal transduction were studied in 89 patients with lung damage of varying degrees during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave. The levels of IL-6 signaling components (IL-6, sIL-6R, and sgp130) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were examined in patients with intact lungs (CT-0), mild (CT-1), moderate (CT-2), moderate to severe (CT-3), and severe (CT-4) lung damage. Seventy patients were re-examined 3-7 months after discharge from the hospital. The IL-6 and hsCRP levels increased several times with severing lung damage severity. In patients with CT-3, sIL6-R increased statistically significantly and remained high in CT-4 patients. sgp130 levels were lower in CT-1 and CT-2 patients and higher in CT-3 and CT-4 patients compared to CT-0 patients. We revealed a positive correlation between IL-6 and hsCRP levels in CT-1, CT-2, and CT-3 patients. In CT-3 patients, sIL-6R levels positively correlated with IL-6 concentration. The studied parameters decreased considerably in all patients 3-7 months after discharge. It can be suggested that IL-6 classic-signaling is predominant in CT-1 and CT-2, while trans-signaling prevails in CT-3. Disorders in regulatory mechanisms of IL-6 signaling occur in CT-4, which prevents physiological elimination of IL-6 hyperactivity. The results obtained are preliminary and require a broader study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Korotaeva
- E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Samoilova
- E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N V Pogosova
- E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D T Kuchiev
- E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Gomyranova
- E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - F N Paleev
- E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Nawaz AD, Haider MZ, Akhtar S. COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease: Impact of lockdown and other restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:219-229. [PMID: 38078809 PMCID: PMC10950341 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection initially results in respiratory distress symptoms but can also lead to central nervous system (CNS) and neurological manifestations, significantly impacting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, strict lockdown measures introduced to curtail the spread of COVID-19 have raised concerns over the wellbeing of patients with dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this review was to discuss the overlapping molecular pathologies and the potential bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's dementia, as well as the impact of lockdown/restriction measures on the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the impact of lockdown measures on the NPS of caregivers, exploring its potential effects on the quality and extent of care they provide to dementia patients.We utilized the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for articles on COVID-19, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, lockdown, and caregivers. Our review highlights that patients with Alzheimer's disease face an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and complications. Additionally, these patients are likely to experience greater cognitive decline. It appears that these issues are primarily caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection and appear to be further exacerbated by restrictive/lockdown measures. Moreover, lockdown measures introduced during the pandemic have negatively impacted both the NPSs of caregivers and their perception of the wellbeing of their Alzheimer's patients. Thus, additional safeguard measures, along with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, are needed to protect the wellbeing of dementia patients and their caregivers in light of this and possible future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saghir Akhtar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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23
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Kilmer LH, Samuel A, Forster GL, Stranix JT, Black JS, Campbell CA, DeGeorge BR. Determinants of pressure injury development in patients with COVID-19. J Wound Care 2024; 33:156-164. [PMID: 38451788 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2024.33.3.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pressure injuries (PIs) often develop in critically ill patients due to immobility, and underlying comorbidities that decrease tissue perfusion and wound healing capacity. This study sought to provide epidemiological data on determinants and current managements practices of PI in patients with COVID-19. METHOD A US national insurance-based database consisting of patients with coronavirus or COVID-19 diagnoses was used for data collection. Patients were filtered by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes corresponding to coronavirus or COVID-19 diagnosis between 2019-2020. Diagnosis of PI following COVID-19 diagnosis was queried. Demographic data and comorbidity information was compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors for both PI development and likelihood of operative debridement. RESULTS A total of 1,477,851 patients with COVID-19 were identified. Of these, 15,613 (1.06%) subsequently developed a PI, and 8074 (51.7%) of these patients had an intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The average and median time between diagnosis of COVID-19 and PI was 39.4 and 26 days, respectively. PI was more likely to occur in patients with COVID-19 with: diabetes (odds ratio (OR): 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-1.49; p<0.001); coronary artery disease (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.18, p=0.002), hypertension (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.26-1.64; p<0.001); chronic kidney disease (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10-1.26; p<0.001); depression (OR: 1.45, 95% CI 1.36-1.54; p<0.001); and long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.40; p=0.007). They were also more likely in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.31-1.48; p<0.001); and patients requiring vasopressors (OR:1.25, 95% CI: 1.13-1.38; p<0.001), intubation (OR: 1.21, 95% CI 1.07-1.39; p=0.004), or with a diagnosis of sepsis (OR: 2.38, 95% CI 2.22-2.55; p<0.001). ICU admission, sepsis, buttock and lower back PI along with increasing Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.08; p=0.043) was associated with surgical debridement. The vast majority of patients with COVID-19 did not undergo operative debridement or wound coverage. CONCLUSION PIs are widely prevalent in patients with COVID-19, especially in those who are critically ill, yet the vast majority do not undergo operative procedures. DECLARATION OF INTEREST The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee H Kilmer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, US
| | - Ankita Samuel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, US
| | - Grace L Forster
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, US
| | - John T Stranix
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, US
| | - Jonathan S Black
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, US
| | | | - Brent R DeGeorge
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, US
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24
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Xiao J, Luo Y, Li Y, Yao X. The characteristics of BCR-CDR3 repertoire in COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated volunteers. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29488. [PMID: 38415507 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 1 billion infections, and numerous SARS-CoV-2 vaccines developed rapidly have been administered over 10 billion doses. The world is continuously concerned about the cytokine storms induced by the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host, long COVID, breakthrough infections postvaccination, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants. BCR-CDR3 repertoire serves as a molecular target for monitoring the antiviral response "trace" of B cells, evaluating the effects, mechanisms, and memory abilities of individual responses to B cells, and has been successfully applied in analyzing the infection mechanisms, vaccine improvement, and neutralizing antibodies preparation of influenza virus, HIV, MERS, and Ebola virus. Based on research on BCR-CDR3 repertoire of COVID-19 patients and volunteers who received different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in multiple laboratories worldwide, we focus on analyzing the characteristics and changes of BCR-CDR3 repertoire, such as diversity, clonality, V&J genes usage and pairing, SHM, CSR, shared CDR3 clones, as well as the summary on BCR sequences targeting virus-specific epitopes in the preparation and application research of SARS-CoV-2 potential therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. This review provides comparative data and new research schemes for studying the possible mechanisms of differences in B cell response between SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, and supplies a foundation for improving vaccines after SARS-CoV-2 mutations and potential antibody therapy for infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Fushun People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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25
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Heo KY, Bonsu JM, Muffly BT, Rieger E, Song J, Ayeni AM, Guild GN, Premkumar A. Complications Rates Among Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19 Postoperatively. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:766-771.e2. [PMID: 37757979 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a new set of challenges for the arthroplasty community, including the management of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 following revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and its potential impact on postoperative recovery. This study sought to characterize the risks of postoperative COVID-19 infection among rTKA patients. METHODS A large national database was utilized to query 8,022 total patients who underwent rTKA between 2018 and 2021, of which 60 had a COVID diagnosis within 90 days after surgery (rTKA/COVID positive). These patients were 1:10 propensity-score matched to 600 rTKA patients who did not have a 90-day postoperative COVID diagnosis (rTKA/COVID negative) and 600 COVID positive patients who did not undergo rTKA. Controlling for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regressions were utilized to compare 90-day postoperative complications between groups. RESULTS Compared to rTKA/COVID negativepatients, the rTKA/COVID positive cohort had significantly higher rates of pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] = 6.1, P < .001), pulmonary embolism (PE) (OR = 32.4, P < .001), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (OR = 32.4, P < .001), and 90-day readmissions (OR = 2.1, P = .02). Similarly, the rTKA/COVID positive cohort had significantly higher rates of pneumonia (OR = 4.3, P = .001), PE (OR = 36.8, P < .001), and DVT (OR = 36.8, P < .001) compared to COVID positive patients who did not undergo rTKA. CONCLUSIONS Revision total knee arthroplasty patients diagnosed with COVID-19 postoperatively had increased rates of thromboembolic events, pneumoniae, and 90-day readmissions. Risk mitigation efforts would suggest extending the prophylactic anticoagulation period for rTKA patients diagnosed with postoperative COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Heo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janice M Bonsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian T Muffly
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth Rieger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ayomide M Ayeni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - George N Guild
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ajay Premkumar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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26
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Zhuang Q, Zhang R, Li X, Ma D, Wang Y. Identification of the shared molecular mechanisms between major depressive disorder and COVID-19 from postmortem brain transcriptome analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:273-284. [PMID: 37956829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of major depressive disorder (MDD) and COVID-19, and on this basis, diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic drugs are further explored. METHODS Differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were employed to identify common key genes involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and MDD. Correlations with clinical features were explored. Detailed mechanisms were further investigated through protein interaction networks, GSEA, and immune cell infiltration analysis. Finally, Enrichr's Drug Signature Database and Coremine Medical were used to predict the potential drugs associated with key genes. RESULTS The study identified 18 genes involved in both COVID-19 and MDD. Four key genes (MBP, CYP4B1, ERMN, and SLC26A7) were selected based on clinical relevance. A multi-gene prediction model showed good diagnostic efficiency for the two diseases: AUC of 0.852 for COVID-19 and 0.915 for MDD. GO and GSEA analyses identified specific biological functions and pathways associated with key genes in COVID-19 (axon guidance, metabolism, stress response) and MDD (neuron ensheathment, biosynthesis, glutamatergic neuron differentiation). The key genes also affected immune infiltration. Potential therapeutic drugs, including small molecules and traditional Chinese medicines, targeting these genes were identified. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the complex biological mechanisms underlying COVID-19 and MDD, develops an effective diagnostic model, and predicts potential therapeutic drugs, which may contribute to the prevention and treatment of these two prevalent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishuai Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan 250014, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dapeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan 250014, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China.
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27
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Almeida SS, Gregnani MF, da Costa IMG, da Silva MM, Bub CB, Silvino VO, Martins DE, Wajchenberg M. ACE I/D polymorphism is a risk factor for the clinical severity of COVID-19 in Brazilian male patients. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:180. [PMID: 38252233 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system is potentially involved in the pathogen-host interaction in the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, since the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 serves as a receptor for the virus. The impact of the pandemic in specific regions and ethnic groups highlights the importance of investigating genetic factors that disrupt the balance of the system in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in genes with ethnic frequency variations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the ACE I/D polymorphism on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in a sample of the Brazilian population. METHODS AND RESULTS 70 severe cases and 355 mild cases patients were evaluated. DNA extraction was performed using a QIAamp DNA Blood Mini kit. Genotyping of ACE I/D polymorphism was performed. Clinical outcomes were obtained from the patients' records. We found an association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the incidence or severity of COVID-19 in male participants. Moreover, we observed a relationship between severity and increasing age and body weight and a higher frequency of II genotype individuals among those who had a cough as their symptoms in mild patients. No differences were observed in leukocyte count or other parameters related to the inflammatory response in severe patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed the influence of the ACE I/D polymorphism on severity of COVID-19 in males, as well as on the occurrence of cough in patients with mild symptoms, with a higher incidence in those carrying the I allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Soares Almeida
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Physical and Functional Performance, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Obstetrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, 875 Napoleão de Barros St, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Fernandes Gregnani
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valmir Oliveira Silvino
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) Post-Graduation Program, Teresina, Brazil
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28
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Kang Y, Lu S, Zhong R, You J, Chen J, Li L, Huang R, Xie Y, Chen F, Chen J, Chen L. The immune inflammation factors associated with disease severity and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23583. [PMID: 38173531 PMCID: PMC10761779 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with immune dysregulation and cytokine storm. It is essential to explore the immune response characteristics of peripheral circulation in COVID-19 patients to reveal pathogenesis and predict disease progression. In this study, the levels of total immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), complement (C3, C4),lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ cell,CD4+ cell,CD8+ cell, NK cell, CD19+ cell and CD45+ cell) and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-12p, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-γ) were retrospectively analyzed in COVID-19 patients. A total of 513 patients were enrolled in this study, cases were distributed according to clinical status as mild or moderate (n = 212), severe survivors (n = 197) and severe non-survivors (n = 104). IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ were increased in severe patients compared with non-severe patients, despite decreased CD45+ cell, CD3+ cell, CD4+ cell, CD8+ cell, CD19+ cell, and NK cell. Compared with severe survivors, the levels of L-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in non-survivors increased significantly, and levels of C3, CD45+ cell, CD3+ cell,CD4+ cell,CD8+ cell, and NK cell decreased. Moreover, age, IL-8, IL-10, CD8+cells and NK cell were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds ratio of in-hospital death associated with tumor, older age, higher IL-8 level, and decreasing odds ratio of in-hospital death associated with increased levels of CD8+cell and NK cell. Finally, patients with tumor, or high IL-6 or high IL-10 expression and lower CD8+ or lower NK levels exhibited a significantly shorter survival time. In conclusion, our study provides findings of the immunological characteristics associated with disease severity to predict the progression of COVID-19. The immune inflammation factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CD8+ cell and NK cell, could serve as excellent biomarkers for monitoring or predicting COVID-19 progression therapeutic to COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shifa Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, JianOu Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Nanping, China
| | - Ruifang Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbin You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongbin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, JianOu Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Nanping, China
| | - Yanyan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Falin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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von Possel R, Menge B, Deschermeier C, Fritzsche C, Hemmer C, Geerdes-Fenge H, Loebermann M, Schulz A, Lattwein E, Steinhagen K, Tönnies R, Ahrendt R, Emmerich P. Performance Analysis of Serodiagnostic Tests to Characterize the Incline and Decline of the Individual Humoral Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients: Impact on Diagnostic Management. Viruses 2024; 16:91. [PMID: 38257792 PMCID: PMC10820597 DOI: 10.3390/v16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Serodiagnostic tests for antibody detection to estimate the immunoprotective status regarding SARS-CoV-2 support diagnostic management. This study aimed to investigate the performance of serological assays for COVID-19 and elaborate on test-specific characteristics. Sequential samples (n = 636) of four panels (acute COVID-19, convalescent COVID-19 (partly vaccinated post-infection), pre-pandemic, and cross-reactive) were tested for IgG by indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) and EUROIMMUN EUROLINE Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Profile (IgG). Neutralizing antibodies were determined by a virus neutralization test (VNT) and two surrogate neutralization tests (sVNT, GenScript cPass, and EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA). Analysis of the acute and convalescent panels revealed high positive (78.3% and 91.6%) and negative (91.6%) agreement between IIFT and Profile IgG. The sVNTs revealed differences in their positive (cPass: 89.4% and 97.0%, NeutraLISA: 71.5% and 72.1%) and negative agreement with VNT (cPass: 92.3% and 50.0%, NeutraLISA: 95.1% and 92.5%) at a diagnostic specificity of 100% for all tests. The cPass showed higher inhibition rates than NeutraLISA at VNT titers below 1:640. Cross-reactivities were only found by cPass (57.1%). Serodiagnostic tests, which showed substantial agreement and fast runtime, could provide alternatives for cell-based assays. The findings of this study suggest that careful interpretation of serodiagnostic results obtained at different times after SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure is crucial to support decision-making in diagnostic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald von Possel
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Babett Menge
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Deschermeier
- Diagnostics Development Laboratory, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Fritzsche
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Hemmer
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hilte Geerdes-Fenge
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Micha Loebermann
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anette Schulz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erik Lattwein
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Steinhagen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Petra Emmerich
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Tao YC, Chen EQ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy for COVID-19: From Basic Research to Clinical Trial. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:55-62. [PMID: 36654468 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230118122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The novel pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a serious challenge for human health. In severe cases, patients suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome even organ failure, usually owing to the dysregulated immune response and widespread inflammation. Considering that there is no known cure for COVID-19 despite the increased morbidity and mortality rate of COVID-19, modalities targeting immunity and inflammation may be promising therapeutics against COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possessing immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antiviral properties, can be of potential benefit to a subset of severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19. In the present study, we described the underlying mechanisms of MSCs therapy and provided a thorough research study on the recent clinical trials of MSCs for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chao Tao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan-610041, P.R. China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan-610041, P.R. China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan-610041, P.R. China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan-610041, P.R. China
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31
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Fraga A, Mósca AF, Moita D, Simas JP, Nunes-Cabaço H, Prudêncio M. SARS-CoV-2 decreases malaria severity in co-infected rodent models. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1307553. [PMID: 38156320 PMCID: PMC10753813 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1307553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium parasites, respectively, share geographical distribution in regions where the latter disease is endemic, leading to the emergence of co-infections between the two pathogens. Thus far, epidemiologic studies and case reports have yielded insufficient data on the reciprocal impact of the two pathogens on either infection and related diseases. We established novel co-infection models to address this issue experimentally, employing either human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)-expressing or wild-type mice, in combination with human- or mouse-infective variants of SARS-CoV-2, and the P. berghei rodent malaria parasite. We now show that a primary infection by a viral variant that causes a severe disease phenotype partially impairs a subsequent liver infection by the malaria parasite. Additionally, exposure to an attenuated viral variant modulates subsequent immune responses and provides protection from severe malaria-associated outcomes when a blood stage P. berghei infection was established. Our findings unveil a hitherto unknown host-mediated virus-parasite interaction that could have relevant implications for disease management and control in malaria-endemic regions. This work may contribute to the development of other models of concomitant infection between Plasmodium and respiratory viruses, expediting further research on co-infections that lead to complex disease presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fraga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia F. Mósca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Moita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J. Pedro Simas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Católica Biomedical Research, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Nunes-Cabaço
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Moy JN, Amin AM, Chalmers-Watson C, Chowdhury R, Forssten C, Fu J, Ghosh S, Harris JD, Kordowich S, Li Y, Lin W, Mackay-Thomas S, Mickiewicz M, Patel N, Resino S, Sevenoaks T, Tugetman MA, Valencia J, Vijesurier R, White N, Woods CW, Kennedy PT, Ryan P. Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG rapid test device performance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22612. [PMID: 38125420 PMCID: PMC10730567 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG Rapid Test Device ("Panbio™") detects IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein from viral infection or vaccination. Objectives To determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the Panbio™ professional use test, using fingerstick whole blood and venous plasma. Study design Fingerstick whole blood and venous plasma from each participant were tested with Panbio™ and compared against the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II assay on the Abbott Architect™ platform (Europe) or the equivalent AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Abbott Alinity i™ platform (US). 447 evaluable participants were enrolled across 6 US and 9 European clinical centers. Results For unvaccinated participants with PCR-confirmed infection ≥21 days post-symptom onset, the Panbio™ sensitivity with fingerstick whole blood was 92.6 % (95 % CI: 85.9, 96.7), and the specificity was 97.0 % (95 % CI: 93.1, 99.0). For venous plasma, the sensitivity was 90.0 % (95 % CI: 79.5, 96.2) for participants with PCR-confirmed infection and symptom onset 22-180 days ago; the specificity was 96.3 % (92.2, 98.6). For vaccinated participants, the sensitivity was 98.4 % (95 % CI: 91.2, 100.0) for fingerstick whole blood and 96.7 % (95 % CI: 88.7, 99.6) for venous plasma. Conclusion The Panbio™ test had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Moy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Harris
- Urgent Care Clinical Trials at AFC Urgent Care, Easley and Powdersville, SC, USA
| | | | - Yin Li
- Abbott Rapid and Molecular Diagnostics, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Wenchi Lin
- Abbott Rapid and Molecular Diagnostics, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Marc Mickiewicz
- Urgent Care Clinical Trials at Complete Urgent Care, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Salvador Resino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Valencia
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roy Vijesurier
- Abbott Rapid and Molecular Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Nikki White
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostic and Innovation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Pablo Ryan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Haroun RAH, Osman WH, Eessa AM. Prognostic significance of serum miR-18a-5p in severe COVID-19 Egyptian patients. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:114. [PMID: 37953403 PMCID: PMC10641059 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of miRNAs as well as characterization of miRNA-mRNA interactions in SARS-CoV-2 infection is important to understand their role in disease pathogenesis. Therefore the aim of the present study was to measure the expression levels of hsa-mir-18a-5p in the sera of severe COVID-19 Egyptian patients admitted to ICU to investigate its roles in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 disease. METHODS A total of 180 unvaccinated severe COVID-19 patients were enrolled in our study. Besides the routine laboratory work, the expression level of hsa-mir-18a-5p was done using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RTqPCR) technique. Also, target genes of hsa-mir-18a-5p were explored by using online bioinformatics databases. RESULTS The expression level of hsa-mir-18a-5p decreased in nonsurvival severe COVID-19 patients (0.38 ± 0.26) when compared to the survival ones (0.84 ± 0.23). While as a prognostic tool for the prediction of bad prognosis and mortality among severe COVID-19 patients, our results showed that the serum hsa-mir-18a-5p expression level is a good sensitive and specific marker. By using bioinformatics tools, our results revealed that the decreased hsa-mir-18a-5p expression level may have a crucial role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and severity through decreased immunological responses (interpreted as lymphopenia) or increased inflammation (interpreted as increased serum levels of IL-6, CRP, LDH). CONCLUSION Taken together, the decreased expression level of hsa-mir-18a-5p could be a bad prognostic marker and therapeutic overexpression of hsa-mir-18a-5p could be a novel approach in the treatment of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waleed H Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Eessa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
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Seyedmirzaei H, Faramarzpour M, Saghazadeh A, Teixeira AL, Rezaei N. Post-COVID-19 depression and serum interleukin 6 levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 convalescents with and without depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:811-821. [PMID: 37526618 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2242928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression is among the psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19, affecting more than 20% of the convalescents. Its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a critical role in the COVID-19-associated cytokine storm, has been implicated in depressive disorders, and may thus be involved in post-COVID-19 depression. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant studies assessing peripheral IL-6 levels in convalescents who developed depression after COVID-19 vs. convalescents who did not. RESULTS Five studies were included in our systematic review, and four entered the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that post-COVID people with de novo depression did not have statistically significant differences in IL-6 levels compared to those without depression (standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.35, 0.54, p-value = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS Although convalescents with depression did not have significantly higher IL-6 levels than convalescents without depression, the results should be interpreted considering the limited sample size and the low power of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Seyedmirzaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Faramarzpour
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Antônio L Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Urwyler P, Leimbacher M, Charitos P, Moser S, Heijnen IAFM, Trendelenburg M, Thoma R, Sumer J, Camacho-Ortiz A, Bacci MR, Huber LC, Stüssi-Helbling M, Albrich WC, Sendi P, Osthoff M. Recombinant C1 inhibitor in the prevention of severe COVID-19: a randomized, open-label, multi-center phase IIa trial. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255292. [PMID: 37965347 PMCID: PMC10641758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conestat alfa (ConA), a recombinant human C1 inhibitor, may prevent thromboinflammation. Methods We conducted a randomized, open-label, multi-national clinical trial in which hospitalized adults at risk for progression to severe COVID-19 were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either 3 days of ConA plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. Primary and secondary endpoints were day 7 disease severity on the WHO Ordinal Scale, time to clinical improvement within 14 days, and safety, respectively. Results The trial was prematurely terminated because of futility after randomization of 84 patients, 56 in the ConA and 28 in the control arm. At baseline, higher WHO Ordinal Scale scores were more frequently observed in the ConA than in the control arm. On day 7, no relevant differences in the primary outcome were noted between the two arms (p = 0.11). The median time to defervescence was 3 days, and the median time to clinical improvement was 7 days in both arms (p = 0.22 and 0.56, respectively). Activation of plasma cascades and endothelial cells over time was similar in both groups. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was higher in the intervention arm (any AE, 30% with ConA vs. 19% with SOC alone; serious AE, 27% vs. 15%; death, 11% vs. 0%). None of these were judged as being related to the study drug. Conclusion The study results do not support the use of ConA to prevent COVID-19 progression. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04414631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Urwyler
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Leimbacher
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Moser
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar A. F. M. Heijnen
- Division of Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marten Trendelenburg
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Thoma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sumer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Servicio de Infectologia, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marcelo R. Bacci
- Department of General Practice, Centro Universitário em Saúde do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Lars C. Huber
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Werner C. Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Osthoff
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Kondratov KA, Artamonov AA, Mikhailovskii VY, Velmiskina AA, Mosenko SV, Grigoryev EA, Anisenkova AY, Nikitin YV, Apalko SV, Sushentseva NN, Ivanov AM, Scherbak SG. SARS-CoV-2 Impact on Red Blood Cell Morphology. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2902. [PMID: 38001903 PMCID: PMC10669871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 alters the biochemical and morphological characteristics of blood cells in a wide variety of ways. To date, however, the vast majority of research has been devoted to the study of leukocytes, while erythrocyte morphological changes have received significantly less attention. The aim of this research was to identify erythrocyte morphology abnormalities that occur in COVID-19, compare the number of different poikilocyte types, and measure erythrocyte sizes to provide data on size dispersion. Red blood cells obtained from 6 control donors (800-2200 cells per donor) and 5 COVID-19 patients (800-1900 cells per patient) were examined using low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. We did not discover any forms of erythrocyte morphology abnormalities that would be specific to COVID-19. Among COVID-19 patients, we observed an increase in the number of acanthocytes (p = 0.01) and a decrease in the number of spherocytes (p = 0.03). In addition, our research demonstrates that COVID-19 causes an increase in the median (p = 0.004) and interquartile range (p = 0.009) when assessing erythrocyte size. The limitation of our study is a small number of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A. Kondratov
- City Hospital No. 40, St. Petersburg 197706, Russia
- S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg 194044, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | | | - Anastasiya A. Velmiskina
- City Hospital No. 40, St. Petersburg 197706, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Mosenko
- City Hospital No. 40, St. Petersburg 197706, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | - Anna Yu. Anisenkova
- City Hospital No. 40, St. Petersburg 197706, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Nikitin
- S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg 194044, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Apalko
- City Hospital No. 40, St. Petersburg 197706, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | - Andrey M. Ivanov
- S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg 194044, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Scherbak
- City Hospital No. 40, St. Petersburg 197706, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Liu M, Li J, Liu W, Yang Y, Zhang M, Ye Y, Zhu W, Zhou C, Zhai H, Xu Z, Zhang G, Huang H. The S1'-S3' Pocket of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Is Critical for Substrate Selectivity and Can Be Targeted with Covalent Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309657. [PMID: 37609788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro ) of SARS-CoV-2 is a well-characterized target for antiviral drug discovery. To date, most antiviral drug discovery efforts have focused on the S4-S1' pocket of Mpro ; however, it is still unclear whether the S1'-S3' pocket per se can serve as a new site for drug discovery. In this study, the S1'-S3' pocket of Mpro was found to differentially recognize viral peptidyl substrates. For instance, S3' in Mpro strongly favors Phe or Trp, and S1' favors Ala. The peptidyl inhibitor D-4-77, which possesses an α-bromoacetamide warhead, was discovered to be a promising inhibitor of Mpro , with an IC50 of 0.95 μM and an antiviral EC50 of 0.49 μM. The Mpro /inhibitor co-crystal structure confirmed the binding mode of the inhibitor to the S1'-S3' pocket and revealed a covalent mechanism. In addition, D-4-77 functions as an immune protectant and suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Mpro -induced antagonism of the host NF-κB innate immune response. These findings indicate that the S1'-S3' pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro is druggable, and that inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro can simultaneously protect human innate immunity and inhibit virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Cuiyan Zhou
- National Protein Science Facility, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhengshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
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McCrudden CM, Bennie L, Chambers P, Wilson J, Kerr M, Ziminska M, Douglas H, Kuhn S, Carroll E, O'Brien G, Buckley N, Dunne NJ, McCarthy HO. Peptide delivery of a multivalent mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. J Control Release 2023; 362:536-547. [PMID: 37648082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have been instrumental in the success of mRNA vaccines and have opened up the field to a new wave of therapeutics. However, what is ahead beyond the LNP? The approach herein used a nanoparticle containing a blend of Spike, Membrane and Envelope antigens complexed for the first time with the RALA peptide (RALA-SME). The physicochemical characteristics and functionality of RALA-SME were assessed. With >99% encapsulation, RALA-SME was administered via intradermal injection in vivo, and all three antigen-specific IgG antibodies were highly significant. The IgG2a:IgG1 ratio were all >1.2, indicating a robust TH1 response, and this was further confirmed with the T-Cell response in mice. A complete safety panel of markers from mice were all within normal range, supported by safety data in hamsters. Vaccination of Syrian Golden hamsters with RALA-SME derivatives produced functional antibodies capable of neutralising SARS-CoV-2 from both Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron BA.1 lineages after two doses. Antibody levels increased over the study period and provided protection from disease-specific weight loss, with inhibition of viral migration down the respiratory tract. This peptide technology enables the flexibility to interchange and add antigens as required, which is essential for the next generation of adaptable mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian M McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Lindsey Bennie
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Philip Chambers
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Jordan Wilson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Megan Kerr
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Monika Ziminska
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Hayley Douglas
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Sarah Kuhn
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Emma Carroll
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Garrett O'Brien
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Niamh Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; pHion Therapeutics, Catalyst Concourse Building 2, 20 Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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39
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Fernández-Rojas MA, Ávila G, Romero-Valdovinos M, Plett-Torres T, Salazar AM, Sordo M, Chávez-Vargas M, Coeto Ángeles CJ, Cruz-Rivera M, Santiago-Olivares C, Ramírez Hinojosa JP, Maravilla P, Flisser A, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Mendlovic F. Elevated Levels of Cytotoxicity, Cytokines, and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Mild Cases of COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:550-561. [PMID: 37603294 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence shows higher production of cytokines and antibodies against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in severe and critical cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison with patients with moderate or mild disease. A recent hypothesis proposes an important role of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the induction of the cytokine storm observed in some patients at later stages of the disease. Interestingly, in this study, we report significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-4 cytokines in mild COVID-19 patients versus severe cases, as well as a high frequency of karyorrhexis (median [Me] = 364 vs. 20 cells) and karyolysis (Me = 266 vs. 52 cells) in the mucosal epithelial cells of both groups of patients compared with uninfected individuals. Although we observed higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID-19 patients, IgM antibodies were significantly higher only in mild cases, for the N and the S viral antigens. High levels of IgG antibodies were observed in both mild and severe cases. Our results showed elevated concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mild cases, which may reflect an active innate immune response and could be related to the higher IgM and IgG antibody levels found in those patients. In addition, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cytotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, highlighting the importance of studying the genotoxic and cytotoxic events induced by infection and its role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Fernández-Rojas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Ávila
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tanya Plett-Torres
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Chávez-Vargas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Josué Coeto Ángeles
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cruz-Rivera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Santiago-Olivares
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez Hinojosa
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fela Mendlovic
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico State, Mexico
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40
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Khan S, Yang J, Cobo ER, Wang Y, Xu M, Wang T, Shi Y, Liu G, Han B. Streptococcus uberis induced expressions of pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in bovine mammary epithelial cells associated with inhibited autophagy and autophagy flux formation. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106270. [PMID: 37499842 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular defensive mechanism that can eliminate bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus uberis, that causes mastitis in cows. However, S. uberis induced autophagy is still unclear. In this study, we tested if certain inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, critical in mastitis due to S. uberis infection, regulate autophagy activation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Using Western blot and laser scanning confocal microscope in bMECs challenged by S. uberis, showed that the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ oscillated with the expressions of autophagic Atg5, ULK1, PTEN, P62, and LC3ӀӀ/LC3Ӏ. S. uberis infection induced autophagosomes and LC3 puncta in bMECs with upregulation of Atg5, ULK1, PTEN, LC3ӀӀ/LC3Ӏ, and downregulation of P62. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ increased during autophagy flux formation to decrease during autophagy induction. Autophagy inhibition increased the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and increased S. uberis burden. This study indicates autophagy is induced during S. uberis infection and IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ contribute to autophagy and autophagy flux formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Khan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Maolin Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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41
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Aci R, Keskin A, Yigit S, Sezer O, Kaya MT. Effect of vitamin D receptor gene BsmI polymorphism on hospitalization of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:264-275. [PMID: 37647163 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2253281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D levels and adverse effects have been reported in SARS-COV-2 positive patients. This study examined the effect of the vitamin D receptor gene BsmI polymorphism on SARS-COV-2 positive patients. A total of 80 SARS-COV-2 positive inpatients were included in the study, and 110 healthy individuals were included as a control group. The 25-(OH) vitamin D3, lymphocyte, and activated partial thromboplastin time levels of SARS-COV-2 positive patients were lower than those of the control group. The prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and ferritin levels of SARS-COV-2 positive patients were higher than those of the control group. A negative correlation was found between 25-(OH) vitamin D3 levels and white blood cell count, PT, INR, D-dimer, CRP, procalcitonin, and ferritin levels in SARS-COV-2 positive patients. The 25-(OH) vitamin D3 level in individuals with the BB genotype was higher than the 25-(OH) vitamin D3 level in individuals with the Bb and bb genotype. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the genotype and allele distributions of BsmI polymorphism. When the genotypes were analyzed in terms of bb versus Bb + BB, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups. However, this finding was not found between the intensive care inpatient subgroup and the other inpatient subgroup. In conclusion, BsmI b allele and bb genotype were associated with hospitalization for SARS-COV-2 infection. This may be because individuals with b allele have low levels of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recai Aci
- Department of Biochemistry, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Ilkadim, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Adem Keskin
- Department of Medicine Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Serbulent Yigit
- Department of Veterinary Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Sezer
- Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Ilkadim, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Taha Kaya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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42
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Németh M, Mühl D, Csontos C, Nagy Á, Alizadeh H, Szakács Z. Acquired Hemophilia A after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report and an Updated Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2400. [PMID: 37760842 PMCID: PMC10526109 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acquired hemophilia A (AHA). The aim of this study is to report our case and to summarize clinical studies on de novo AHA after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We performed a systematic search on the association of SARS-CoV-2 with AHA in four medical databases up to 28 May 2023. Eligible studies should include de novo AHA patients who had SARS-CoV-2 infection before or concomitant with the diagnosis of AHA. Findings were synthesized narratively. In addition, we report the case of a 62-year-old female patient, who presented to our clinic with left flank pain 2 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical investigations confirmed AHA and imaging studies revealed retroperitoneal bleeding. Her hemostasis was successfully secured with bypassing agents; however, despite immunosuppressive therapy, high inhibitor titer persisted. In the systematic review, we identified only 12 relevant cases with a questionable cause-effect relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and AHA. Based on the qualitative analysis of the relevant publications, current clinical evidence is insufficient to support a cause-effect relationship. The analysis of data from ongoing AHA registries can serve further evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.N.); (D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Diána Mühl
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.N.); (D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Csaba Csontos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.N.); (D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Ágnes Nagy
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Á.N.); (Z.S.)
| | - Hussain Alizadeh
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Á.N.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zsolt Szakács
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Á.N.); (Z.S.)
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43
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Korobova ZR, Arsentieva NA, Totolian AA. Macrophage-Derived Chemokine MDC/CCL22: An Ambiguous Finding in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13083. [PMID: 37685890 PMCID: PMC10487728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) is a chemokine of the C-C subfamily. It is involved in T-cellular maturation and migration. Our previous research shows that plasma CCL22/MDC tends to show a statistically significant depletion of concentrations in acute patients and convalescents when compared to healthy donors. In the current work, we investigate existing views on MDC/CCL22 dynamics in association with various pathologies, including respiratory diseases and, specifically, COVID-19. Additionally, we present our explanations for the observed decrease in MDC/CCL22 concentrations in COVID-19. The first hypothesis we provide implies that viral products bind to MDC/CCL22 and block its activity. Another explanation for this phenomenon is based on dendritic cells population and the inhibition of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoia R. Korobova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira St. 14, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Z.R.K.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, L’va Tolstogo St. 6–8, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Arsentieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira St. 14, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Z.R.K.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, L’va Tolstogo St. 6–8, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Areg A. Totolian
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira St. 14, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Z.R.K.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, L’va Tolstogo St. 6–8, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
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44
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Aiello A, Najafi-Fard S, Goletti D. Initial immune response after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or to SARS-COV-2: similarities and differences. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244556. [PMID: 37662901 PMCID: PMC10470049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose etiologic agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are currently the two deadliest infectious diseases in humans, which together have caused about more than 11 million deaths worldwide in the past 3 years. TB and COVID-19 share several aspects including the droplet- and aerosol-borne transmissibility, the lungs as primary target, some symptoms, and diagnostic tools. However, these two infectious diseases differ in other aspects as their incubation period, immune cells involved, persistence and the immunopathological response. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between TB and COVID-19 focusing on the innate and adaptive immune response induced after the exposure to Mtb and SARS-CoV-2 and the pathological pathways linking the two infections. Moreover, we provide a brief overview of the immune response in case of TB-COVID-19 co-infection highlighting the similarities and differences of each individual infection. A comprehensive understanding of the immune response involved in TB and COVID-19 is of utmost importance for the design of effective therapeutic strategies and vaccines for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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45
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Majeed AY, Zulkafli NES, Ad'hiah AH. Serum profiles of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in non-hospitalized patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 infection. Immunol Lett 2023; 260:24-34. [PMID: 37339685 PMCID: PMC10276899 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
This study attempted to explore pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in patients with mild/moderate coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Eight pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-17E, IL-31, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and three anti-inflammatory (IL-1Ra, IL-10 and IL-13) cytokines, as well as two chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10), were analyzed in the serum from ninety COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. Cytokine/chemokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results revealed that IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-31, IFN-γ, TNF-α and CXCL10 were significantly higher in patients than in controls, while IL-1Ra levels were significantly lower in patients. IL-17E and CXCL9 levels showed no significant differences between patients and controls. Seven cytokines/chemokines recorded an area under the curve greater than 0.8: IL-12 (0.945), IL-17A (0.926), CXCL10 (0.909), IFN-γ (0.904), IL-1α (0.869), TNF-α (0.825) and IL-10 (0.821). As indicated by the odds ratio, elevated levels of nine cytokines/chemokines were associated with an increased risk of COVID-19: IL-1α (19.04), IL-10 (5.01), IL-12 (43.66), IL-13 (4.25), IL-17A (16.62), IL-31 (7.38), IFN-γ (13.55), TNF-α (12.00) and CXCL10 (11.18). Only one positive (IL-17E with TNF-α) and six negative (IL-1β, IL-17A and IL-17E with CXCL9, IL-10 with IL-17A, and IL-1β and IL-17A with CXCL10) correlations were found between these cytokines/chemokines. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-31, IFN-γ, TNF-α and CXCL10) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-13) cytokines/chemokines were up-regulated in the serum of patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis is suggested and the association with COVID-19 risk is indicated to give more insight on COVID-19 immunological responses among non-hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraheem Y Majeed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia; AL-Anbar Directorate of Health, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Iraq
| | - Nor Effa S Zulkafli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ali H Ad'hiah
- Tropical-Biological Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, 10070, Al-Karrada, Baghdad, Iraq.
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Garcia-Huidobro D, Iturriaga C, Perez-Mateluna G, Fajuri P, Severino N, Urzúa M, Fraga JP, de la Cruz J, Poli C, Castro-Rodríguez JA, Fish E, Borzutzky A. Safety, Tolerability, Bioavailability, and Biological Activity of Inhaled Interferon-α2b in Healthy Adults: The IN 2COVID Phase I Randomized Trial. Clin Drug Investig 2023:10.1007/s40261-023-01278-3. [PMID: 37347370 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Interferons have been identified as a potential treatment alternative for coronavirus disease 2019. This study assessed the safety, tolerability, bioavailability, and biological activity of inhaled interferon-α2b (IFN)-α2b in healthy adults. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, phase I clinical trial was conducted with two cohorts of healthy subjects aged 18-50 years. The first cohort received 2.5 MIU of inhaled IFN-α2b twice daily for 10 days (n = 6) or placebo (n = 3); the second cohort received 5.0 MIU of inhaled IFN-α2b in a similar scheme (n = 6) or placebo (n = 3). The first two doses were administered in an emergency department, then participants completed their treatment at home. Safety was measured through vital signs, new symptoms, and laboratory tests. Tolerability was measured as participants' treatment acceptability. Bioavailability and biological activity were measured from serum IFNα concentrations and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of interferon-induced genes in blood before and after treatments. RESULTS Exposure to inhaled IFN-α2b at 2.5-MIU or 5-MIU doses did not produce statistically significant changes in participant vital signs, or elicit new symptoms, and standard hematological and biochemical blood measurements were comparable to those recorded in individuals who received placebo. A total of 58 adverse events were observed. All were mild or moderate and did not require medical care. All participants reported very high tolerability towards a twice-daily nebulized treatment for 10 days (98.0, 97.0, and 97.0 in the placebo, 2.5-MIU, and 5-MIU groups, respectively, on a 0- to 100-mm visual analog scale). A dose-dependent mild increase in serum IFN-α concentrations and an increase in serum RNA expression of IFN-induced genes were observed 11 days after treatment (p < 0.05 for all between-group comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Inhaled IFN-α2b was preliminarily safe and well tolerated, and induced systemic biological activity in healthy subjects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04988217), 3 August, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia-Huidobro
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carolina Iturriaga
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Perez-Mateluna
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Fajuri
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Severino
- Pharmacology and Toxicology ProgramSchool of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Urzúa
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Fraga
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera de la Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Poli
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Castro-Rodríguez
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eleanor Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arturo Borzutzky
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Pozdnyakova V, Weber B, Cheng S, Ebinger JE. Review of Immunologic Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination. Heart Fail Clin 2023; 19:177-184. [PMID: 36863809 PMCID: PMC9973544 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
We herein summarize currently available and clinically relevant information regarding the human immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, in relation to COVID-19 outcomes with a focus on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Pozdnyakova
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, D4005, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Brittany Weber
- Carl J. and Ruth Shapiro Cardiovascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 70 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South Vicente Boulevard, Suite A3100, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joseph E Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South Vicente Boulevard, Suite A3100, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Qudus MS, Tian M, Sirajuddin S, Liu S, Afaq U, Wali M, Liu J, Pan P, Luo Z, Zhang Q, Yang G, Wan P, Li Y, Wu J. The roles of critical pro-inflammatory cytokines in the drive of cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28751. [PMID: 37185833 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In patients with severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and even mortality can result from cytokine storm, which is a hyperinflammatory medical condition caused by the excessive and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. High levels of numerous crucial pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-induced protein 10 kDa, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-10 and so on, have been found in severe COVID-19. They participate in cascade amplification pathways of pro-inflammatory responses through complex inflammatory networks. Here, we review the involvements of these critical inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection and discuss their potential roles in triggering or regulating cytokine storm, which can help to understand the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. So far, there is rarely effective therapeutic strategy for patients with cytokine storm besides using glucocorticoids, which is proved to result in fatal side effects. Clarifying the roles of key involved cytokines in the complex inflammatory network of cytokine storm will help to develop an ideal therapeutic intervention, such as neutralizing antibody of certain cytokine or inhibitor of some inflammatory signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhaib Qudus
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingfu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Summan Sirajuddin
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Uzair Afaq
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muneeba Wali
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Pin Wan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
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49
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Mohammadzadeh Hosseini Moghri SAH, Ranjbar M, Hassannia H, Khakdan F. Comparison and monitoring of antibody response in convalescent and healthy vaccinated individuals against RBD and PCS of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14224-14231. [PMID: 36961201 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 as a global health threat has called for population-wide vaccination to curb COVID-19. Hence, the World Health Organization (WHO) has approved several platforms of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for emergency use. Therefore, a more comprehensive study on the immune response induced by vaccines in diverse individuals is still required. Here, we expressed a local variant of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and protease cleavage site (PCS), playing a vital role in binding and fusion in Rosetta (DE3). We then characterized it through SDS-PAGE analysis and western blotting. Moreover, we compared and monitored ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination-induced antibody response in convalescent and healthy vaccinated individuals after the first and second vaccine doses through serologic assay against RBD and PCS, which have not yet been compared. We investigated a cohort of 100 sera samples; based on our parameters, 25 serum samples were selected as convalescent samples and 25 serum samples as healthy samples for comparison. These findings demonstrate that most of the convalescent sera show more reactivity with PCS (80%) than with RBD (56%). Interestingly, IgG antibody response against PCS was more significant in both pre- and post-vaccination in convalescent individuals than in healthy individuals. Indeed, anti-RBD antibody titers were most significant in pre-vaccination and post-first vaccination in convalescent individuals than in healthy individuals and not in pre-vaccination and post-second vaccination. Besides monitoring IgG antibody response against COVID-19, these findings could shed light on the progress, assessment, and efficacy evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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50
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Th-1, Th-2, Th-9, Th-17, Th-22 type cytokine concentrations of critical COVID-19 patients after treatment with Remdesivir. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152378. [PMID: 37058846 PMCID: PMC10036294 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread around the world causing a pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cytokine storm was directly correlated with severity of COVID-19 syndromes. We evaluated the levels of 13 cytokines in ICU hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n=29) before, and after treatment with Remdesivir as well as in healthy controls (n=29). Blood samples were obtained from ICU patients during ICU admission (before treatment) and 5 days after treatment with Remdesivir. A group of 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls was also studied. Cytokine levels were evaluated by multiplex immunoassay method using a fluorescence labeled cytokine panel. In comparison to cytokine levels measured at ICU admission, serum levels were reduced of IL-6 (134.75 pg/mL vs. 20.73 pg/mL, P< 0.0001), TNF-α (121.67 pg/mL vs. 10.15 pg/mL, P< 0.0001) and IFN-γ (29.69 pg/mL vs. 22.27 pg/mL, P= 0.005), whereas serum level was increased of IL-4 (8.47 pg/mL vs. 12.44 pg/mL, P= 0.002) within 5 days after Remdesivir treatment. Comparing with before treatment, Remdesivir significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory (258.98 pg/mL vs. 37.43 pg/mL, P< 0.0001), Th1-type (31.24 pg/mL vs. 24.46 pg/mL, P= 0.007), and Th17-type (36.79 pg/mL vs. 26.22 pg/mL, P< 0.0001) cytokines in critical COVID-19 patients. However, after Remdesivir treatment, the concentrations of Th2-type cytokines were significantly higher than before treatment (52.69 pg/mL vs. 37.09 pg/mL, P< 0.0001). In conclusion, Remdesivir led to decrease levels of Th1-type and Th17-type cytokines and increase Th2-type cytokines in critical COVID-19 patients 5 days after treatment.
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