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Bessa IA, D’Amato DL, C. Souza AB, Levita DP, Mello CC, da Silva AFM, dos Santos TC, Ronconi CM. Innovating Leishmaniasis Treatment: A Critical Chemist's Review of Inorganic Nanomaterials. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2485-2506. [PMID: 39001837 PMCID: PMC11320585 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a critical Neglected Tropical Disease caused by Leishmania protozoa, represents a significant global health risk, particularly in resource-limited regions. Conventional treatments are effective but suffer from serious limitations, such as toxicity, prolonged treatment courses, and rising drug resistance. Herein, we highlight the potential of inorganic nanomaterials as an innovative approach to enhance Leishmaniasis therapy, aligning with the One Health concept by considering these treatments' environmental, veterinary, and public health impacts. By leveraging the adjustable properties of these nanomaterials─including size, shape, and surface charge, tailored treatments for various diseases can be developed that are less harmful to the environment and nontarget species. We review recent advances in metal-, oxide-, and carbon-based nanomaterials for combating Leishmaniasis, examining their mechanisms of action and their dual use as standalone treatments or drug delivery systems. Our analysis highlights a promising yet underexplored frontier in employing these materials for more holistic and effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela
A. A. Bessa
- Departamento
de Química Inorgânica, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Dayenny L. D’Amato
- Departamento
de Química Inorgânica, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz C. Souza
- Departamento
de Química Inorgânica, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Daniel P. Levita
- Departamento
de Química Inorgânica, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Camille C. Mello
- Departamento
de Química Inorgânica, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Aline F. M. da Silva
- Departamento
de Química Inorgânica, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Thiago C. dos Santos
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Célia M. Ronconi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgânica, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
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Edo GI, Yousif E, Al-Mashhadani MH. Chitosan: An overview of biological activities, derivatives, properties, and current advancements in biomedical applications. Carbohydr Res 2024; 542:109199. [PMID: 38944980 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The second and most often utilized natural polymer is chitosan (CS), a naturally existing amino polysaccharide that is produced by deacetylating chitin. Numerous applications have been the subject of in-depth investigation due to its non-hazardous, biologically compatible, and biodegradable qualities. Chitosan's characteristics, such as mucoadhesion, improved permeability, controlled release of drugs, in situ gelation process, and antibacterial activity, depend on its amino (-NH2) and hydroxyl groups (-OH). This study examines the latest findings in chitosan research, including its characteristics, derivatives, preliminary research, toxic effects, pharmaceutical kinetics and chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) based for non-parenteral delivery of drugs. Chitosan and its derivatives have a wide range of physical and chemical properties that make them highly promising for use in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. The characteristics and biological activities of chitosan and its derivative-based nanomaterials for the delivery of drugs, therapeutic gene transfer, delivery of vaccine, engineering tissues, evaluations, and other applications in medicine are highlighted in detail in the current review. Together with the techniques for binding medications to nanoparticles, the application of the nanoparticles was also dictated by their physical properties that were classified and specified. The most recent research investigations on delivery of drugs chitosan nanoparticle-based medication delivery methods applied topically, through the skin, and through the eyes were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Great Iruoghene Edo
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Emad Yousif
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Siddique N, Din MI, Hussain Z, Khalid R, Alsafari IA. Syzgium cumini seed/poly vinyl alcohol based water resistant biodegradable nano-cellulose composite reinforced with zinc oxide and silver oxide nanoparticles for improved mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134218. [PMID: 39069065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The current work explored a comparative study of biodegradable jamun seed/polyvinyl alcohol (JS) nanocomposites reinforced with varying concentrations of ZnO and Ag2O nano-fillers. The effect of spherical shaped ZnO and Ag2O nanoparticles (NPs) on the on structure, morphology, swelling and solubility, crystallinity and mechanical properties together with biodegradation performance of the composite films was fully studied. SEM results showed uniform distribution of ZnO and Ag2O nanofillers into the JS matrix and dense or compact nanocomposite films were formed. JS-ZnO and JS-Ag2O nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% ZnO and Ag2O content showed maximum crystallinity i.e. 11.3 and 9.58 %, respectively, as determined by XRD. When compared to the virgin JS film (8.41 MPa), the resultant JS-ZnO-0.5 and JS-Ag2O-0.5 nanocomposites showed significantly enhanced tensile strength (35.7 MPa, 29.2 MPa), elongation at break (15.42 %, 14.62 %) and Young's modulus (141 MPa, 126 MPa), respectively. Also, reduced swelling (120.4 % and 116.1 %) and solubility ratio (17.45 % and 18.42 %) was observed for JS-ZnO-0.5 and JS-Ag2O-0.5 nanocomposites, respectively. Biodegradation results showed that maximum degradation (88 %) was achieved for the JS film within 180 days of soil burial whereas JS-ZnO-0.1 and JS-Ag2O-0.1 nanocomposites showed 78 % and 72 % degradation within 180 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Siddique
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Din
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Zaib Hussain
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Rida Khalid
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim A Alsafari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
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Oumerri J, Qayouh H, Arteni AA, Six JL, Lahcini M, Ferji K. One-pot Formulation of Cationic Oligochitosan Coated Nanoparticles via Photo- Polymerization Induced Self-Assembly. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400291. [PMID: 38646967 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
During last few decades, oligochitosan (OCS)-coated nanoparticles have received great interest for nanomedicine, food and environment applications. However, their current formulation techniques are time-consuming with multi-synthesis/purification steps and sometimes require the use of organic solvents, crosslinkers and surfactants. Herein, we report a facile and rapid one-pot synthesis of OCS-based nanoparticles using photo-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization-induced self-assembly (Photo-RAFT PISA) under UV-irradiation at room temperature. To achieve this, OCS was first functionalized by a chain transfer agent (CTA) resulting in a macromolecular chain transfer agent (OCS-CTA), which will act as a reactive electrostatic/steric stabilizer. Owing to its UV-sensitivity, OCS-CTA was then used as photo-iniferter to initiate the polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) in aqueous acidic buffer, resulting in OCS-g-PHPMA amphiphilic grafted copolymers which self-assemble into nano-objects. Transmission electron microscopy and light scattering analysis reveal formation of spherical nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Oumerri
- Laboratoire de chimie physique macromoleculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, F-54000, NANCY, France
- LCO2MC, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hicham Qayouh
- LCO2MC, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ana Andreea Arteni
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 1 Av. de la Terrasse Bâtiment 21, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Luc Six
- Laboratoire de chimie physique macromoleculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, F-54000, NANCY, France
| | - Mohammed Lahcini
- LCO2MC, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, ISSB-P, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Khalid Ferji
- Laboratoire de chimie physique macromoleculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, F-54000, NANCY, France
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Revutskaya N, Polishchuk E, Kozyrev I, Fedulova L, Krylova V, Pchelkina V, Gustova T, Vasilevskaya E, Karabanov S, Kibitkina A, Kupaeva N, Kotenkova E. Application of Natural Functional Additives for Improving Bioactivity and Structure of Biopolymer-Based Films for Food Packaging: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1976. [PMID: 39065293 PMCID: PMC11280963 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global trend towards conscious consumption plays an important role in consumer preferences regarding both the composition and quality of food and packaging materials, including sustainable ones. The development of biodegradable active packaging materials could reduce both the negative impact on the environment due to a decrease in the use of oil-based plastics and the amount of synthetic preservatives. This review discusses relevant functional additives for improving the bioactivity of biopolymer-based films. Addition of plant, microbial, animal and organic nanoparticles into bio-based films is discussed. Changes in mechanical, transparency, water and oxygen barrier properties are reviewed. Since microbial and oxidative deterioration are the main causes of food spoilage, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of natural additives are discussed, including perspective ones for the development of biodegradable active packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Revutskaya
- Department of Scientific, Applied and Technological Developments, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (N.R.); (I.K.); (V.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Ekaterina Polishchuk
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (L.F.); (V.P.); (E.V.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Ivan Kozyrev
- Department of Scientific, Applied and Technological Developments, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (N.R.); (I.K.); (V.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Liliya Fedulova
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (L.F.); (V.P.); (E.V.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Valentina Krylova
- Department of Scientific, Applied and Technological Developments, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (N.R.); (I.K.); (V.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Viktoriya Pchelkina
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (L.F.); (V.P.); (E.V.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Tatyana Gustova
- Department of Scientific, Applied and Technological Developments, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (N.R.); (I.K.); (V.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Ekaterina Vasilevskaya
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (L.F.); (V.P.); (E.V.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Sergey Karabanov
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (L.F.); (V.P.); (E.V.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Anastasiya Kibitkina
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (L.F.); (V.P.); (E.V.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nadezhda Kupaeva
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (L.F.); (V.P.); (E.V.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Elena Kotenkova
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (L.F.); (V.P.); (E.V.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
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Rahbar N, Darvish S, Farrahi F, Kouchak M. Chitosan/carbomer nanoparticles- laden in situ gel for improved ocular delivery of timolol: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo study. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01663-1. [PMID: 38976207 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the small capacity of the eye cavity and the rapid drainage of liquid into the nasolacrimal duct, patients must frequently administer the drops. Nanoparticles (NPs) and in situ gel systems have each proven their ability to achieve eye retention independently. In this study, timolol-loaded chitosan-carbomer NPs were prepared using the polyelectrolyte complexation method, and incorporated into a pH-responsive in situ gel system made of carbomer. The rheological behavior of NPs-laden in situ gel was examined at room and physiological conditions. Characteristics such as zeta potential, surface tension, refractive index, mucoadhesive properties, drug release, transcorneal permeability, and intra-ocular pressure (IOP) lowering activity were investigated on NPS and NPs-laden in situ gel formulations. The optimum gained NPs system had an encapsulation efficiency of about 69% with a particle size of 196 nm. The zeta potential of the NP and NPs-laden in situ gel were - 16 and + 11 mV respectively. NPs-laden in situ gel presented enhanced viscosity at physiological pH. All physicochemical properties were acceptable for both formulations. NPs and NPs-laden in situ gel systems proved to sustain drug release. They showed mucoadhesive properties which were greater for NPs-laden in situ gel. IOP reduction by NPs-laden in situ gel was significantly higher and more long-lasting than the timolol solution and NPs. In conclusion, the developed NPs-laden in situ gel is a promising carrier for ocular drug delivery due to the slow release of drug from nanoparticles, its mucoadhesive properties, and high viscosity acquisition in contact with precorneal film, which lead to improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadereh Rahbar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sarah Darvish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Farrahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouchak
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Benamer-Oudih S, Tahtat D, Nacer Khodja A, Mansouri B, Mahlous M, Guittoum AE, Kebbouche Gana S. Sorption behavior of chitosan nanoparticles for single and binary removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39976-39993. [PMID: 37284953 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (ChNs) were used as an adsorbent for single and simultaneous uptake of cationic (methylene blue (MB)) and anionic (methyl orange (MO)) dyes. ChNs were prepared based on the ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and characterized by zetasizer, FTIR, BET, SEM, XRD, and pHPZC. The studied parameters that affect removal efficiency included pH, time, and dyes' concentration. The results showed that in single-adsorption mode, the removal of MB is better in alkaline pH, contrary to MO uptake which presents higher removal efficiency in acidic media. The simultaneous removal of MB and MO from the mixture solution by ChNs could be achieved under neutral conditions. The adsorption kinetic results showed that adsorption of MB and MO for both single-adsorption and binary adsorption systems comply with the pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were used for the mathematical description of single-adsorption equilibrium, while non-modified Langmuir and extended Freundlich isotherms were used to fit the co-adsorption equilibrium results. The maximum adsorption capacities of MB and MO in a single dye adsorption system were 315.01 and 257.05 mg/g for MB and MO, respectively. On the other hand, and for binary adsorption system, the adsorption capacities were 49.05 and 137.03 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption capacity of MB decreases in solution containing MO and vice versa, suggesting an antagonistic behavior of MB and MO on ChNs. Overall, ChNs could be a candidate for single and binary removal of MB and MO in dye-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Benamer-Oudih
- Nuclear Research Center of Algiers, BP-399, Algiers, Algeria.
- Faculty of Sciences, University M'hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, 35000, Boumerdes, Algeria.
| | - Djamel Tahtat
- Nuclear Research Center of Algiers, BP-399, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | | | - Mohamed Mahlous
- Atomic Energy Commission, 02, Boulevard Frantz Fanon, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Salima Kebbouche Gana
- Faculty of Sciences, University M'hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, 35000, Boumerdes, Algeria
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El-Meligy MA, Abd El-Monaem EM, Eltaweil AS, Mohy-Eldin MS, Ziora ZM, Heydari A, Omer AM. Recent Advancements in Metallic Au- and Ag-Based Chitosan Nanocomposite Derivatives for Enhanced Anticancer Drug Delivery. Molecules 2024; 29:2393. [PMID: 38792255 PMCID: PMC11124311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancements in nanotechnology in the field of nanomedicine have the potential to significantly enhance therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. There is considerable promise for enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapy through the manufacture of innovative nanocomposite materials. Metallic nanoparticles have been found to enhance the release of anticancer medications that are loaded onto them, resulting in a sustained release, hence reducing the dosage required for drug administration and preventing their buildup in healthy cells. The combination of nanotechnology with biocompatible materials offers new prospects for the development of advanced therapies that exhibit enhanced selectivity, reduced adverse effects, and improved patient outcomes. Chitosan (CS), a polysaccharide possessing distinct physicochemical properties, exhibits favorable attributes for controlled drug delivery due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Chitosan nanocomposites exhibit heightened stability, improved biocompatibility, and prolonged release characteristics for anticancer medicines. The incorporation of gold (Au) nanoparticles into the chitosan nanocomposite results in the manifestation of photothermal characteristics, whereas the inclusion of silver (Ag) nanoparticles boosts the antibacterial capabilities of the synthesized nanocomposite. The objective of this review is to investigate the recent progress in the utilization of Ag and Au nanoparticles, or a combination thereof, within a chitosan matrix or its modified derivatives for the purpose of anticancer drug delivery. The research findings for the potential of a chitosan nanocomposite to deliver various anticancer drugs, such as doxorubicin, 5-Fluroacil, curcumin, paclitaxel, and 6-mercaptopurine, were investigated. Moreover, various modifications carried out on the chitosan matrix phase and the nanocomposite surfaces to enhance targeting selectivity, loading efficiency, and pH sensitivity were highlighted. In addition, challenges and perspectives that could motivate further research related to the applications of chitosan nanocomposites in cancer therapy were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. El-Meligy
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Genomic Signature Cancer Center, Global Teaching Hospital, University of Tanta, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Abd El-Monaem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (E.M.A.E.-M.); (A.S.E.)
| | - Abdelazeem S. Eltaweil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (E.M.A.E.-M.); (A.S.E.)
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Ibra 400, Oman
| | - Mohamed S. Mohy-Eldin
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box 21934, Alexandria, Egypt;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Abolfazl Heydari
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ahmed M. Omer
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box 21934, Alexandria, Egypt;
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Wu P, Wang X, Yin M, Zhu W, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Shi L, Zhu Q. ULK1 Mediated Autophagy-Promoting Effects of Rutin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Contribute to the Activation of NF-κB Signaling Besides Inhibiting EMT in Hep3B Hepatoma Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4465-4493. [PMID: 38779103 PMCID: PMC11110815 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s443117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer remains to be one of the leading causes of cancer worldwide. The treatment options face several challenges and nanomaterials have proven to improve the bioavailability of several drug candidates and their applications in nanomedicine. Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are extremely biodegradable, pose enhanced biocompatibility and are considered safe for use in medicine. Methods CNPs were synthesized by ionic gelation, loaded with rutin (rCNPs) and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rCNPs were tested for their cytotoxic effects on human hepatoma Hep3B cells, and experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism of such effects. Further, the biocompatibility of the rCNPs was tested on L929 fibroblasts, and their hemocompatibility was determined. Results Initially, UV-vis and FTIR analyses indicated the possible loading of rutin on rCNPs. Further, the rutin load was quantitatively measured using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and the concentration was 88 µg/mL for 0.22 micron filtered rCNPs. The drug loading capacity (LC%) of the rCNPs was observed to be 13.29 ± 0.68%, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was 19.55 ± 1.01%. The drug release was pH-responsive as 88.58% of the drug was released after 24 hrs at the lysosomal pH 5.5, whereas 91.44% of the drug was released at physiological pH 7.4 after 102 hrs. The cytotoxic effects were prominent in 0.22 micron filtered samples of 5 mg/mL rutin precursor. The particle size for the rCNPs at this concentration was 144.1 nm and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.244, which is deemed to be ideal for tumor targeting. A zeta potential (ζ-potential) value of 16.4 mV indicated rCNPs with good stability. The IC50 value for the cytotoxic effects of rCNPs on human hepatoma Hep3B cells was 9.7 ± 0.19 μg/mL of rutin load. In addition, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed. Gene expression studies indicated that the mechanism for cytotoxic effects of rCNPs on Hep3B cells was due to the activation of Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase (ULK1) mediated autophagy and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling besides inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT). In addition, the rCNPs were less toxic on NCTC clone 929 (L929) fibroblasts in comparison to the Hep3B cells and possessed excellent hemocompatibility (less than 2% of hemolysis). Conclusion The synthesized rCNPs were pH-responsive and possessed the physicochemical properties suitable for tumor targeting. The particles were effectively cytotoxic on Hep3B cells in comparison to normal cells and possessed excellent hemocompatibility. The very low hemolytic profile of rCNPs indicates that the drug could be administered intravenously for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- The People’s Hospital of Rugao, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yin
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longqing Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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10
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El-Naggar NEA, Shiha AM, Mahrous H, Mohammed ABA. A sustainable green-approach for biofabrication of chitosan nanoparticles, optimization, characterization, its antifungal activity against phytopathogenic Fusarium culmorum and antitumor activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11336. [PMID: 38760441 PMCID: PMC11101436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and mucoadhesive polymer. It also has a broad spectrum of applications such as agriculture, medical fields, cosmetics and food industries. In this investigation, chitosan nanoparticles were produced by an aqueous extract of Cympopogon citratus leaves as a reducing agent. According to the SEM and TEM micrographs, CNPs had a spherical shape, and size ranging from 8.08 to 12.01 nm. CNPs have a positively charged surface with a Zeta potential of + 26 mV. The crystalline feature of CNPs is determined by X-ray diffraction. There are many functional groups, including C꞊C, CH2-OH, C-O, C-S, N-H, CN, CH and OH were detected by FTIR analysis. As shown by the thermogravimetric study, CNPs have a high thermal stability. For the optimization of the green synthesis of CNPs, a Face centered central composite design (FCCCD) with 30 trials was used. The maximum yield of CNPs (13.99 mg CNPs/mL) was produced with chitosan concentration 1.5%, pH 4.5 at 40 °C, and incubation period of 30 min. The antifungal activity of CNPs was evaluated against phytopathogenic fungus; Fusarium culmorum. A 100% rate of mycelial growth inhibition was gained by the application of 20 mg CNPs/mL. The antitumor activity of the green synthesized CNPs was examined using 6 different cell lines, the viability of the cells reduced when the concentration of green synthesized CNPs increased, the IC50 dose of the green synthesized CNPs on the examined cell lines HePG-2, MCF-7, HCT-116, PC-3, Hela and WI-38 was 36.25 ± 2.3, 31.21 ± 2.2, 67.45 ± 3.5, 56.30 ± 3.3, 44.62 ± 2.6 and 74.90 ± 3.8; respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Alaa M Shiha
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Hoda Mahrous
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - A B Abeer Mohammed
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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11
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Bhatt S, Pathak R, Punetha VD, Punetha M. Chitosan nanocomposites as a nano-bio tool in phytopathogen control. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121858. [PMID: 38388036 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan, an economically viable and versatile biopolymer, exhibits a wide array of advantageous physicochemical and biological properties. Chitosan nanocomposites, formed by the amalgamation of chitosan or chitosan nanoparticles with other nanoparticles or materials, have garnered extensive attention across agricultural, pharmaceutical, and biomedical domains. These nanocomposites have been rigorously investigated due to their diverse applications, notably in combatting plant pathogens. Their remarkable efficacy against phytopathogens has positioned them as a promising alternative to conventional chemical-based methods in phytopathogen control, thus exploring interest in sustainable agricultural practices with reduced reliance on chemical interventions. This review aims to highlight the anti-phytopathogenic activity of chitosan nanocomposites, emphasizing their potential in mitigating plant diseases. Additionally, it explores various synthesis methods for chitosan nanoparticles to enhance readers' understanding. Furthermore, the analysis delves into elucidating the intricate mechanisms governing the antimicrobial effectiveness of these composites against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Bhatt
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rakshit Pathak
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay Deep Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayank Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
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12
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Krumova E, Benkova D, Stoyancheva G, Dishliyska V, Miteva-Staleva J, Kostadinova A, Ivanov K, El-Sayed K, Staneva G, Elshoky HA. Exploring the mechanism underlying the antifungal activity of chitosan-based ZnO, CuO, and SiO 2 nanocomposites as nanopesticides against Fusarium solani and Alternaria solani. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131702. [PMID: 38643917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan-based nanocomposites (CS NCs) are gaining considerable attention as multifaceted antifungal agents. This study investigated the antifungal activity of NCs against two phytopathogenic strains: Fusarium solani (F. solani) and Alternaria solani (A. solani). Moreover, it sheds light on their underlying mechanisms of action. The NCs, CS-ZnO, CS-CuO, and CS-SiO2, were characterized using advanced methods. Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering techniques revealed their size range (60-170 nm) and cationic nature, as indicated by the positive zeta potential values (from +16 to +22 mV). Transmission electron microscopy revealed the morphology of the NCs as agglomerates formed between the chitosan and oxide components. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed crystalline structures with specific peaks indicating their constituents. Antifungal assessments using the agar diffusion technique demonstrated significant inhibitory effects of the NCs on both fungal strains (1.5 to 4-fold), surpassing the performance of the positive control, nystatin. Notably, the NCs exhibited superior antifungal potency, with CS-ZnO NCs being the most effective. A. solani was the most sensitive strain to the studied agents. Furthermore, the tested NCs induced oxidative stress in fungal cells, which elevated stress biomarker levels, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and protein carbonyl content (PCC), 2.5 and 6-fold for the most active CS-CuO in F. solani respectively. Additionally, they triggered membrane lipid peroxidation up to 3-fold higher compared to control, a process that potentially compromises membrane integrity. Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy highlighted alterations in the molecular organization of fungal cell membranes induced by the NCs. CS-CuO NCs induced a membrane rigidifying effect, while CS-SiO2 and CS-ZnO could rigidify membranes in A. solani and fluidize them in F. solani. In summary, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the interactions of CS-based NCs with two fungal strains, showing their antifungal activity and offering insights into their mechanisms of action. These findings emphasize the potential of these NCs as effective and versatile antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Krumova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Dayana Benkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Stoyancheva
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | | | - Jeny Miteva-Staleva
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Aneliya Kostadinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Kamen Ivanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kh El-Sayed
- Faculty of Engineering, Galala University, Attaka 51745, Suez, Egypt; Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Galya Staneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Hisham A Elshoky
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; Tumor Biology Research Program, Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo 11441, Egypt.
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13
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Mahmood A, Maher N, Amin F, Alqutaibi AY, Kumar N, Zafar MS. Chitosan-based materials for dental implantology: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131823. [PMID: 38677667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan, a versatile biopolymer, has gained recognition in the discipline of dental implantology due to possessing salient properties. This comprehensive review explores the potential of chitosan in dental implants, focusing on its biocompatibility, bioactivity, and the various chitosan-based materials that have been utilized for dental implant therapy. The review also highlights the importance of surface treatment in dental implants to enhance osseointegration and inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. Additionally, the chemical structure, properties, and sources of chitosan are described, along with its different structural forms. The characteristics of chitosan particularly color, molecular weight, viscosity, and degree of deacetylation are discussed about their influence on its applications. This review provides valuable insights into the promising utilization of polymeric chitosan in enhancing the success and functionality of dental implants. This study highlights the potential applications of chitosan in oral implantology. Chitosan possesses various advantageous properties, including muco-adhesiveness, hemostatic action, biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity, and antibacterial and antifungal activities, which enhance its uses in dental implantology. However, it has limited aqueous solubility at the physiological pH, which sometimes restricts its biological application, but this problem can be overcome by using modified chitosan or chitosan derivatives, which have also shown encouraging results. Recent research suggests that chitosan may act as a promising material for coating titanium-based implants, improving osteointegration together with antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Mahmood
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Nazrah Maher
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Amin
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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14
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Lulseged BA, Ramaiyer MS, Michel R, Saad EE, Ozpolat B, Borahay MA. The Role of Nanomedicine in Benign Gynecologic Disorders. Molecules 2024; 29:2095. [PMID: 38731586 PMCID: PMC11085148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine has revolutionized drug delivery in the last two decades. Nanoparticles appear to be a promising drug delivery platform in the treatment of various gynecological disorders including uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and menopause. Nanoparticles are tiny (mean size < 1000 nm), biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, safe, and relatively inexpensive materials commonly used in imaging and the drug delivery of various therapeutics, such as chemotherapeutics, small molecule inhibitors, immune mediators, protein peptides and non-coding RNA. We performed a literature review of published studies to examine the role of nanoparticles in treating uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, PCOS, and menopause. In uterine leiomyoma, nanoparticles containing 2-methoxyestradiole and simvastatin, promising uterine fibroid treatments, have been effective in significantly inhibiting tumor growth compared to controls in in vivo mouse models with patient-derived leiomyoma xenografts. Nanoparticles have also shown efficacy in delivering magnetic hyperthermia to ablate endometriotic tissue. Moreover, nanoparticles can be used to deliver hormones and have shown efficacy as a mechanism for transdermal hormone replacement therapy in individuals with menopause. In this review, we aim to summarize research findings and report the efficacy of nanoparticles and nanotherapeutics in the treatment of various benign gynecologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethlehem A. Lulseged
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (B.A.L.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Malini S. Ramaiyer
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (B.A.L.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Rachel Michel
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Eslam E. Saad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Mostafa A. Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
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15
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Powojska A, Mystkowski A, Gundabattini E, Mystkowska J. Spin-Coating Fabrication Method of PDMS/NdFeB Composites Using Chitosan/PCL Coating. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1973. [PMID: 38730780 PMCID: PMC11084651 DOI: 10.3390/ma17091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This paper verified the possibility of applying chitosan and/or ferulic acid or polycaprolactone (PCL)-based coatings to polydimethylsiloxane/neodymium-iron-boron (PDMS/NdFeB) composites using the spin-coating method. The surface modification of magnetic composites by biofunctional layers allows for the preparation of materials for biomedical applications. Biofunctional layered magnetic composites were obtained in three steps. The spin-coating method with various parameters (time and spin speed) was used to apply different substances to the surface of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to analyze the thickness and surface topography. The contact angle of the obtained surfaces was tested. Increasing spin speed and increasing process time for the same speed resulted in decreasing the composite's thickness. The linear and surface roughness for the prepared coatings were approximately 0.2 μm and 0.01 μm, respectively, which are desirable values in the context of biocompatibility. The contact angle test results showed that both the addition of chitosan and PCL to PDMS have reduced the contact angle θ from 105° for non-coated composite to θ~59-88° depending on the coating. The performed modifications gave promising results mainly due to making the surface hydrophilic, which is a desirable feature of projected biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Powojska
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Mystkowski
- Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Edison Gundabattini
- Department of Thermal and Energy Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, India;
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
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16
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Mascarenhas R, Hegde S, Manaktala N. Chitosan nanoparticle applications in dentistry: a sustainable biopolymer. Front Chem 2024; 12:1362482. [PMID: 38660569 PMCID: PMC11039901 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1362482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The epoch of Nano-biomaterials and their application in the field of medicine and dentistry has been long-lived. The application of nanotechnology is extensively used in diagnosis and treatment aspects of oral diseases. The nanomaterials and its structures are being widely involved in the production of medicines and drugs used for the treatment of oral diseases like periodontitis, oral carcinoma, etc. and helps in maintaining the longevity of oral health. Chitosan is a naturally occurring biopolymer derived from chitin which is seen commonly in arthropods. Chitosan nanoparticles are the latest in the trend of nanoparticles used in dentistry and are becoming the most wanted biopolymer for use toward therapeutic interventions. Literature search has also shown that chitosan nanoparticles have anti-tumor effects. This review highlights the various aspects of chitosan nanoparticles and their implications in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Mascarenhas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shreya Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nidhi Manaktala
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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17
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Othman SH, Shapi'i RA, Ronzi NDA. Starch biopolymer films containing chitosan nanoparticles: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121735. [PMID: 38286535 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Starch biopolymer films incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) or starch/CNP films are promising alternatives to non-degradable food packaging materials. The films can be utilized for active food packaging applications because CNP exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which can improve food shelf-life. Nonetheless, knowledge of the effects of CNP inclusion on the properties of starch films is not fully elucidated. This paper reviews the influences of various concentrations of CNP, sizes of CNP, and other additives on the mechanical, thermal, barrier, antimicrobial, antioxidant, biodegradability, and cytotoxicity properties of starch/CNP films as well as the mechanisms involved in relation to food packaging applications. The usage of starch/CNP films for active food packaging can help to reduce environmental issues and contribute to food safety and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hajar Othman
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Nanomaterials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ruzanna Ahmad Shapi'i
- Nanomaterials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Diana Arisya Ronzi
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Şengül SN, Ozturk S, Ulubayram K, Pekel Bayramgil N, Kucukkaya Eren S. Effect of final irrigation protocols with chitosan nanoparticle and genipin on dentine against collagenase degradation: An ex-vivo study. Int Endod J 2024; 57:477-489. [PMID: 38240378 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Endodontic irrigants may affect the mechanical and chemical properties of dentine. This study evaluated the effects of various final irrigation protocols including the use of chitosan nanoparticle (CSnp) and cross-linking with genipin on the (1) mechanical and (2) chemical properties of dentine against enzymatic degradation. METHODOLOGY CSnp was synthesized and characterized considering physiochemical parameters and stability. The root canals of 90 single-rooted teeth were prepared and irrigated with NaOCl. Dentine discs were obtained and divided into groups according to the following irrigation protocols: Group NaOCl+EDTA, Group NaOCl+CSnp, Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp, Group NaOCl+CSnp+Genipin, Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp+Genipin and Group distilled water. (1) Mechanical changes were determined by microhardness analysis using Vickers-tester. (2) Chemical changes were determined by evaluating molecular and elemental compositions of dentine using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, respectively. All analyses were repeated after the discs were kept in collagenase for 24 h. Data were analysed with repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction for microhardness analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests for FTIR and SEM/EDS analyses (p = .05). RESULTS (1) Collagenase application did not have a negative effect on microhardness only in Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp+Genipin when compared with the post-irrigation values (p > .05). Post-collagenase microhardness of Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp and Group NaOCl+CSnp+Genipin was similar to the initial microhardness (p > .05). (2) After collagenase, Amide III/PO 4 3 - ratio presented no change in Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp, Group NaOCl+CSnp+Genipin and Group NaOCl+EDTA+CSnp+Genipin (p > .05), while decreased in other groups (p < .05). Collagenase did not affectCO 3 2 - /PO 4 3 - ratio in the groups (p > .05). There were no changes in the groups in terms of elemental level before and after collagenase application (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS CSnp and genipin positively affected the microhardness and molecular composition of dentine. This effect was more pronounced when CSnp was used after EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Şengül
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Ozturk
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Ulubayram
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Pekel Bayramgil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Kucukkaya Eren
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Lotfy VF, Basta AH. Performance effectiveness of nano-lignin in production of gel with nano-chitosan for controlling release of salicylic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131098. [PMID: 38521314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This work deals with assessing the performance of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) in solving the problem of using salicylic acid as an agrochemical compound, via controlling its release. LNPs, obtained from black liquor, have been used to develop new delivery systems. Gels from chelating of LNPs with chitosan or chitosan nanoparticles (Cs-NPs) in presence or absence of cationic starch are investigated to achieve this essential aim. The nanoparticles are examined by TEM, ATR-FTIR, and XRD techniques. Based on measurements of swelling, encapsulation, release profile, release kinetic modeling of salicylic acid (SA), infrared spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope the behavior of the investigated nanocomposite gels is assessed. The results show that the SA release profile of Cs-NPs and its nanocomposite with LNPs in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (7.4) (51.5-69.4 %) is higher than that of the mixture of water and ethanol (34.9-50.4 %). The release profile in PBS (7.4) demonstrates a trend of prolonged SA release over a 48-hour period. Best control of the SA-release can be achieved by CsNPs-LNPs nanocomposite. Comparing the results with previous literature demonstrates the promising characteristics of these examined gel nanocomposites. The release of SA from nanocomposites is regulated by a diffusion mechanism and follows the Ritger-Peppas and Higuchi models for kinetic release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Lotfy
- Cellulose and Paper Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Altaf H Basta
- Cellulose and Paper Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt.
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20
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Kiarashi M, Bayat H, Shahrtash SA, Etajuri EA, Khah MM, Al-Shaheri NA, Nasiri K, Esfahaniani M, Yasamineh S. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine of Dental Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:688-721. [PMID: 38308730 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical engineering breakthroughs and increased patient expectations and requests for more comprehensive care are propelling the field of regenerative dentistry forward at a fast pace. Stem cells (SCs), bioactive compounds, and scaffolds are the mainstays of tissue engineering, the backbone of regenerative dentistry. Repairing damaged teeth and gums is a significant scientific problem at present. Novel therapeutic approaches for tooth and periodontal healing have been inspired by tissue engineering based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Furthermore, as a component of the MSC secretome, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to contribute to periodontal tissue repair and regeneration. The scaffold, made of an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM), acts as a supporting structure for new cell development and tissue formation. To effectively promote cell development, a scaffold must be non-toxic, biodegradable, biologically compatible, low in immunogenicity, and safe. Due to its promising biological characteristics for cell regeneration, dental tissue engineering has recently received much attention for its use of natural or synthetic polymer scaffolds with excellent mechanical properties, such as small pore size and a high surface-to-volume ratio, as a matrix. Moreover, as a bioactive material for carrying MSC-EVs, the combined application of scaffolds and MSC-EVs has a better regenerative effect on dental diseases. In this paper, we discuss how MSCs and MSC-derived EV treatment may be used to regenerate damaged teeth, and we highlight the role of various scaffolds in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kiarashi
- College of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | | | - Enas Abdalla Etajuri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meysam Mohammadi Khah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahla Esfahaniani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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21
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Al-Nasrawi H, Shalan N, Abualsoud BM, Nsairat H. Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of 5-fluorouracil loaded into chitosan-acacia gum nanoparticles. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:339-353. [PMID: 38469691 PMCID: PMC11160445 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we prepared, characterized and in vitro evaluated a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded chitosan-acacia gum nanoparticles. Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized for their size, charge, morphology and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) followed by cellular investigations against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Results: The nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphological size with 94.42% EE%. Free 5-FU showed a fast and fully cumulative release after 6 h while 5-FU loaded into CS-AG NPs showed good entrapment and slow, prolonged 5-FU release even after 24 h. Enhanced IC50 for the 5-FU loaded NPs compared with free 5-FU against HT-29 colon cancer cell line was reported with high selectivity compared with normal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: 5-FU loaded NPs is promising nano-therapy against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Al-Nasrawi
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Naeem Shalan
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Bassam M Abualsoud
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
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22
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Wathoni N, Suhandi C, Ghassani Purnama MF, Mutmainnah A, Nurbaniyah NS, Syafra DW, Elamin KM. Alginate and Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Enhance Antibacterial Agent Activity on Topical Application. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:791-805. [PMID: 38444772 PMCID: PMC10913799 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s456403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Untreated topical infections can become chronic, posing serious health issues. Optimal skin adherence is crucial in addressing such infections. In this context, chitosan and alginate emerge as promising candidates for use as a foundation in the development of topical hydrogels. The aim of this review is to examine the literature on topical hydrogel formulations that use chitosan and alginate as foundations, specifically in the context of topical antibacterial agents. The research methodology involves a literature review by examining articles published in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keywords employed during the research were "Alginate", "Chitosan", "Hydrogel", and "Antibacterial". Chitosan and alginate serve as bases in topical hydrogels to deliver various active ingredients, particularly antibacterial agents, as indicated by the search results. Both have demonstrated significant antibacterial effectiveness, as evidenced by a reduction in bacterial colony counts and an increase in inhibition zones. This strongly supports the idea that chitosan and alginate could be used together to make topical hydrogels that kill bacteria that work well. In conclusion, chitosan and alginate-based hydrogels show great potential in treating bacterial infections on the skin surface. The incorporation of chitosan and alginate into hydrogel formulations aids in retaining antibacterial agents, allowing for their gradual release over an optimal period. Therefore, hydrogels specifically formulated with chitosan and alginate have the potential to serve as a solution to address challenges in the treatment of topical bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Suhandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Fadhil Ghassani Purnama
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Mutmainnah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Neng Sani Nurbaniyah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Desra Widdy Syafra
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Khaled M Elamin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
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23
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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Varma RS. A review of chitosan nanoparticles: Nature's gift for transforming agriculture through smart and effective delivery mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129522. [PMID: 38246470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as a promising tool in agricultural advancements due to their unique properties including, biocompatability, biodegradability, non-toxicity and remarkable versatility. These inherent properties along with their antimicrobial, antioxidant and eliciting activities enable CNPs to play an important role in increasing agricultural productivity, enhancing nutrient absorption and improving pest management strategies. Furthermore, the nano-formulation of chitosan have the ability to encapsulate various agricultural amendments, enabling the controlled release of pesticides, fertilizers, plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents, thus offering precise and targeted delivery mechanisms for enhanced efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest research and developments in the use of CNPs for enhancing agricultural practices through smart and effective delivery mechanisms. It discusses the synthesis methods, physicochemical properties, and their role in enhancing seed germination and plant growth, crop protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, improving soil quality and reducing the environmental pollution and delivery of agricultural amendments. Furthermore, the potential environmental benefits and future directions for integrating CNPs into sustainable agricultural systems are explored. This review aims to shed light on the transformative potential of chitosan nanoparticles as nature's gift for revolutionizing agriculture and fostering eco-friendly farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran; Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 771751735, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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24
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Koirala P, Bhandari Y, Khadka A, Kumar SR, Nirmal NP. Nanochitosan from crustacean and mollusk byproduct: Extraction, characterization, and applications in the food industry. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130008. [PMID: 38331073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Crustaceans and mollusks are widely consumed around the world due to their delicacy and nutritious value. During the processing, only 30-40 % of these shellfish are considered edible, while 70-60 % of portions are thrown away as waste or byproduct. These byproducts harbor valuable constituents, notably chitin. This chitin can be extracted from shellfish byproducts through chemical, microbial, enzymatic, and green technologies. However, chitin is insoluble in water and most of the organic solvents, hampering its wide application. Hence, chitin is de-acetylated into chitosan, which possesses various functional applications. Recently, nanotechnology has proven to improve the surface area and numerous functional properties of metals and molecules. Further, the nanotechnology principle can be extended to nanochitosan formation. Therefore, this review article centers on crustaceans and mollusks byproduct utilization for chitosan, its nano-formation, and their food industry applications. The extensive discussion has been focused on nanochitosan formation, characterization, and active site modification. Lastly, nanochitosan applications in various food industries, including biodegradable food packaging, fat replacer, bioactive compound carrier, and antimicrobial agent have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Koirala
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Yash Bhandari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Central Campus of Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Abhishek Khadka
- Rural Reconstruction Nepal, 288 Gairidhara Road 2, Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Simmi Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nilesh Prakash Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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25
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Riviello G, Connor B, McBrearty J, Rodriguez G, Hu X. Protein and Polysaccharide-Based Optical Materials for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1861. [PMID: 38339138 PMCID: PMC10855249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in biomedical research, particularly in optical applications, have sparked a transformative movement towards replacing synthetic polymers with more biocompatible and sustainable alternatives. Most often made from plastics or glass, these materials ignite immune responses from the body, and their production is based on environmentally harsh oil-based processes. Biopolymers, including both polysaccharides and proteins, have emerged as a potential candidate for optical biomaterials due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability, derived from their existence in nature and being recognized by the immune system. Current extraction and fabrication methods for these biomaterials, including thermal drawing, extrusion and printing, mold casting, dry-jet wet spinning, hydrogel formations, and nanoparticles, aim to create optical materials in cost-effective and environmentally friendly manners for a wide range of applications. Present and future applications include optical waveguides and sensors, imaging and diagnostics, optical fibers, and waveguides, as well as ocular implants using biopolymers, which will revolutionize these fields, specifically their uses in the healthcare industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Riviello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Brendan Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Jake McBrearty
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gianna Rodriguez
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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26
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Alvi A, Alqassim S, Khan NA, Khatoon B, Akbar N, Kawish M, Faizi S, Shah MR, Alharbi AM, Alfahemi H, Siddiqui R. Antibacterial effects of quercetagetin are significantly enhanced upon conjugation with chitosan engineered copper oxide nanoparticles. Biometals 2024; 37:171-184. [PMID: 37792257 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of antibiotic alternatives that entail distinctive chemistry and modes of action is necessary due to the threat posed by drug resistance. Nanotechnology has gained increasing attention in recent years, as a vehicle to enhance the efficacy of existing antimicrobials. In this study, Chitosan copper oxide nanoparticles (CHI-CuO) were synthesized and were further loaded with Quercetagetin (QTG) to achieve the desired (CHI-CuO-QTG). Size distribution, zeta potential and morphological analysis were accomplished. Next, the developed CHI-CuO-QTG was assessed for synergistic antibacterial properties, as well as cytotoxic attributes. Bactericidal assays revealed that CHI-CuO conjugation showed remarkable effects and enhanced QTG effects against a range of Gram + ve and Gram - ve bacteria. The MIC50 of QTG against S. pyogenes was 107 µg/mL while CHI-CuO-QTG reduced it to 9 µg/mL. Similar results were observed when tested against S. pneumoniae. Likewise, the MIC50 of QTG against S. enterica was 38 µg/mL while CHI-CuO-QTG reduced it to 7 µg/mL. For E. coli K1, the MIC50 of QTG was 42 µg/mL while with CHI-CuO-QTG it was 23 µg/mL. Finally, the MIC50 of QTG against S. marcescens was 98 µg/mL while CHI-CuO-QTG reduced it to 10 µg/mL. Notably, the CHI-CuO-QTG nano-formulation showed limited damage when tested against human cells using lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Importantly, bacterial-mediated human cell damage was reduced by prior treatment of bacteria using drug nano-formulations. These findings are remarkable and clearly demonstrate that drug-nanoparticle formulations using nanotechnology is an important avenue in developing potential therapeutic interventions against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeelah Alvi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif Alqassim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey.
| | - Bushra Khatoon
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Noor Akbar
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Kawish
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad M Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Alfahemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, 65799, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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27
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Al-Ahmed ZA, Alhasani M, Aljohani MM, Snari RM, Alghasham HA, Alatawi NM, Keshk AA, El-Metwaly NM. Facile synthesis of new metal-organic framework/chitosan composite sponge for Hg(II) removal: Characterization, adsorption efficiency, and optimization using Box-Behnken design. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129282. [PMID: 38199550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop a novel adsorbent to eliminate mercury (Hg(II)) from water. A unique citrate-crosslinked La-MOF/citrate crosslinked chitosan composite sponge (La-MOF@CSC composite sponge) was successfully synthesized in an acidic environment using a one-step technique. Modifying the composition of adsorbent materials is a commonly employed strategy to enhance adsorption capacity, particularly for materials composed of metal-organic frameworks. The study investigated the impact of the composite sponge on the adsorption and removal of Hg(II). The composite sponge exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for Hg(II) at 765.22 mg/g and an impressive high surface area of 1208 m2/g. Various factors influencing the adsorption capacity were taken into account in this study. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics were modeled using Langmuir and pseudo-second-order equations, respectively. Consistent with thermodynamics, the adsorption process was identified as spontaneous and endothermic. The quantities of adsorbed substances increased with rising temperature. The La-MOF@CSC composite sponge demonstrated the ability to be reused up to five times with satisfactory efficiency, retaining its chemical composition and exhibiting similar XRD and XPS data before and after each reuse. The interaction between heavy metals and the La-MOF/CSC composite sponge was examined. Optimization of the adsorption outcomes was conducted using the Box-Behnken design (BBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehbah A Al-Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, College of sciences and art, Dhahran Aljounb, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alhasani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari M Aljohani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan M Snari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawra A Alghasham
- Department of Physics, faculty of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada M Alatawi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Keshk
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street 35516, Egypt.
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28
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Mahboubi Kancha M, Alizadeh M, Mehrabi M. Comparison of the protective effects of CS/TPP and CS/HPMCP nanoparticles containing berberine in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:39. [PMID: 38225618 PMCID: PMC10789080 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally critical condition with no available efficient treatments. METHODS Herein, we generated chitosan (CS) nanoparticles cross-linked with two different agents, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP; termed as CS/HPMCP) and tripolyphosphate (TPP; termed as CS/TPP), and loaded them with berberine (BBr; referred to as CS/HPMCP/BBr and CS/TPP/BBr, respectively). Alongside the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC), the releasing activity of the nanoparticles was also measured in stimulated gastric fluid (SGF) and stimulated intestinal fluid (SIF) conditions. The effects of the prepared nanoparticles on the viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were also evaluated. Ultimately, the protective effects of the nanoparticles were investigated in ALD mouse models. RESULTS SEM images demonstrated that CS/HPMCP and CS/TPP nanoparticles had an average size of 235.5 ± 42 and 172 ± 21 nm, respectively. The LC and EE for CS/HPMCP/BBr were calculated as 79.78% and 75.79%, respectively; while the LC and EE for CS/TPP/BBr were 84.26% and 80.05%, respectively. pH was a determining factor for releasing BBr from CS/HPMCP nanoparticles as a higher cargo-releasing rate was observed in a less acidic environment. Both the BBr-loaded nanoparticles increased the viability of MSCs in comparison with their BBr-free counterparts. In vivo results demonstrated CS/HPMCP/BBr and CS/TPP/BBr nanoparticles protected enzymatic liver functionality against ethanol-induced damage. They also prevented histopathological ethanol-induced damage. CONCLUSIONS Crosslinking CS nanoparticles with HPMCP can mediate controlled drug release in the intestine improving the bioavailability of BBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Mahboubi Kancha
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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29
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Sethi J, Glowacki E, Reid MS, Larsson PA, Wågberg L. Ultra-thin parylene-aluminium hybrid coatings on nanocellulose films to resist water sensitivity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121365. [PMID: 37940265 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-sustainable single-use plastics used for food packaging needs to be phased out. Films made from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are suitable candidates for biodegradable and recyclable packaging materials as they exhibit good mechanical properties, excellent oxygen barrier properties and high transparency. Yet, their poor water vapour barrier properties have been a major hindrance in their commercialisation. Here, we describe the preparation of 25 μm thick CNF films with significantly improved water vapour barrier properties after deposition of ultrathin polymeric and metallic coatings, parylene C and aluminium, respectively. When first adding a 40 nm aluminium layer followed by an 80 nm parylene layer, i.e. with a combined thickness of less than one percent of the CNF film, a water vapour transmission rate of 2.8 g m-2 d-1 was achieved at 38 °C and 90 % RH, surpassing a 25 μm polypropylene film (4-12 g m-2 d-1). This is an improvement of more than 700 times compared to uncoated CNF films, under some of the harshest possible conditions a packaging material will need to endure in commercial use. The layers showed a good and even coverage, as assessed by atomic force microscopy, and the parylene-coated surfaces were hydrophobic with a contact angle of 110°, providing good water repellency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sethi
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Glowacki
- Linköping University, Campus Norrköping, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, SE-602 21 Norrköping, Sweden; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael S Reid
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material and Surface Design, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per A Larsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lars Wågberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Pathak R, Bhatt S, Punetha VD, Punetha M. Chitosan nanoparticles and based composites as a biocompatible vehicle for drug delivery: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127369. [PMID: 37839608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The shellfish processing industry is one of the largest growing industries across the globe with a market size of around USD 62B. However, it also leads to a significant environmental issue as it produces >80,000 tons of waste shells globally. Unfortunately, the slow degradation of this waste causes it to accumulate over time, posing a serious threat to the marine environment. The key solution to this problem is to recycle this sea waste into a valuable product like chitin which is further used to produce chitosan. Chitosan is a natural biopolymeric substance obtained via N-deacetylation of the chitin. The chitosan-based nanoparticles are further useful for the fabrication of biopolymeric nanocomposites which are used in various biomedical applications specifically in drug delivery. Here, we review the recent advancements in the development of chitosan-based nanocomposites as a biocompatible carrier for drug delivery, specifically focusing on gene delivery, wound healing, microbial treatment, and anticancer drug delivery. By providing a valuable and up-to-date resource, this review illuminates the current state of research concerning chitosan's pivotal role in the biomedical domain as an efficacious drug delivery agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshit Pathak
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, NH-8, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India.
| | - Shalini Bhatt
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, NH-8, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay Deep Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, NH-8, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayank Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, NH-8, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
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Huanbutta K, Sriamornsak P, Suwanpitak K, Klinchuen N, Deebugkum T, Teppitak V, Sangnim T. Key Fabrications of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Effective Drug Delivery Using Flow Chemistry Reactors. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7889-7900. [PMID: 38146468 PMCID: PMC10749571 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s433756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chitosan nanoparticles have garnered considerable interest in the field of drug delivery owing to their distinctive properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to encapsulate a wide range of drugs. However, the conventional methods (eg, the drop method) for synthesizing chitosan nanoparticles often face limitations in regard to controlling the particle size, morphology, and scalability, hindering their extensive application in drug delivery systems. To overcome these challenges, this study explores using a novel flow chemistry reactor design for fabricating clindamycin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Methods By varying two critical operating parameters of flow chemistry, namely, the flow rate ratio and total flow rate, the impact of these parameters on the properties of chitosan nanoparticles is investigated using a central composite experimental design. Results The optimized conditions for nanoparticle preparation yielded remarkable results, with chitosan nanoparticles exhibiting a small size of 371.60 nm and an extremely low polydispersity index of 0.042. Furthermore, using novel design flow chemistry reactor, the productivity of chitosan nanoparticles was estimated to be 25,402.17 mg/min, which was ~12.71 times higher than that obtained via batch synthesis. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that the use of novel design flow chemistry reactor is promising for synthesizing clindamycin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and other polymeric nanoparticles intended for drug delivery applications. This is primarily attributed to their ability to produce nanoparticles with a considerably reduced particle size distribution and smaller overall size. The demonstrated high productivity of this technique suggests the potential for industrial-scale nanoparticle manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kampanart Huanbutta
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Pornsak Sriamornsak
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
- Academy of Science, the Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Kittipat Suwanpitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Nattapat Klinchuen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Deebugkum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Vasanchai Teppitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
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Methela NJ, Pande A, Islam MS, Rahim W, Hussain A, Lee DS, Mun BG, Maria Joseph Raj NP, Kim SJ, Kim Y, Yun BW. Chitosan-GSNO nanoparticles: a positive modulator of drought stress tolerance in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:639. [PMID: 38082263 PMCID: PMC10712192 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan biopolymer is an emerging non-toxic and biodegradable plant elicitor or bio-stimulant. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been used for the enhancement of plant growth and development. On the other hand, NO is an important signaling molecule that regulates several aspects of plant physiology under normal and stress conditions. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and use of chitosan-GSNO nanoparticles for improving drought stress tolerance in soybean. RESULTS The CSGSNONPs released NO gas for a significantly longer period and at a much lower rate as compared to free GSNO indicating that incorporation of GSNO in CSNPs can protect the NO-donor from rapid decomposition and ensure optimal NO release. CS-GSNONPs improved drought tolerance in soybean plants reflected by a significant increase in plant height, biomass, root length, root volume, root surface area, number of root tips, forks, and nodules. Further analyses indicated significantly lower electrolyte leakage, higher proline content, higher catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity, and reduction in MDA and H2O2 contents after treatment with 50 μM CS-GSNONPs under drought stress conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that CS-GSNONPs protected against drought-induced stress by regulating the expression of drought stress-related marker genes such as GmDREB1a, GmP5CS, GmDEFENSIN, and NO-related genes GmGSNOR1 and GmNOX1. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of nano-technology-based delivery systems for nitric oxide donors to improve plant growth, and development and protect against stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jahan Methela
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Anjali Pande
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Waqas Rahim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Nirmal Prashanth Maria Joseph Raj
- Nanomaterials and Systems Lab, Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
- Energy Harvesting Research Group, School of Physics & Astronomy, SUPA, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Sang-Jae Kim
- Nanomaterials and Systems Lab, Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | - Yoonha Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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Hassan FE, Aboulhoda BE, Ali IH, Elwi HM, Matter LM, Abdallah HA, Khalifa MM, Selmy A, Alghamdi MA, Morsy SA, Al Dreny BA. Evaluating the protective role of trimetazidine versus nano-trimetazidine in amelioration of bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion induced neuro-degeneration: Implications of ERK1/2, JNK and Galectin-3 /NF-κB/TNF-α/HMGB-1 signaling. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102241. [PMID: 37865040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a primary culprit of acute kidney injury. Neurodegeneration can result from I/R, but the mechanisms are still challenging. We studied the implications of bilateral renal I/R on brain and potential involvement of the oxidative stress (OS) driven extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (ERK1/2, JNK) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3)/nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-қB)/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), and caspase-3 paths upregulation. We tested the impact of Nano-trimetazidine (Nano-TMZ) on these pathways being a target of its neuroprotective effects. METHODS Study groups; Sham, I/R, TMZ+I/R, and Nano-TMZ+I/R. Kidney functions, cognition, hippocampal OS markers, Gal-3, NF-қB, p65 and HMGB-1 gene expression, TNF-α level, t-JNK/p-JNK and t-ERK/p-ERK proteins, caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding protein-1 (Iba-1) were assessed. RESULTS Nano-TMZ averted renal I/R-induced hippocampal impairment by virtue of its anti: oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic properties. CONCLUSION Nano-TMZ is more than anti-ischemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma E Hassan
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Isra H Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Egypt; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elwi
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Matter
- Medical pharmacology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hend Ahmed Abdallah
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansour Khalifa
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Selmy
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan Awad Morsy
- Fakeeh College For Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Basant A Al Dreny
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
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Herdiana Y, Wathoni N, Shamsuddin S, Muchtaridi M. Cytotoxicity Enhancement of α-Mangostin with Folate-Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7585. [PMID: 38005306 PMCID: PMC10674958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
α-mangostin (AM) is a promising natural anticancer agent that can be used in cancer research. However, its effectiveness can be limited by poor solubility and bioavailability. To address this issue, chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been investigated as a potential delivery system to enhance the cytotoxicity to cancer cells and improve selectivity against normal cells. In this study, we developed folate-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles (F-CS-NPs) using a carbodiimide-based conjugation method to attach folate to chitosan (CS), which have different molecular weights. The NPs were crosslinked using tripolyphosphate (TPP) via ionic gelation. To characterize the F-CS-NPs, we utilized various analytical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate the particle size and morphology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the presence of functional groups, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) to measure the absorption spectrum and confirm the presence of folate. The particle size of AM-F-CS-NPs ranged from 180 nm to 250 nm, with many having favorable charges ranging from +40.33 ± 3.4 to 10.69 ± 1.3 mV. All NPs exhibited the same spherical morphology. The use of F-CS-NPs increased drug release, followed by a sustained release pattern. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of AM, AM-F-CS-HMW, and AM-F-CS-LMW NPs against MCF-7 cells and found IC50 values of 8.47 ± 0.49, 5.3 ± 0.01, and 4.70 ± 0.11 µg/mL, respectively. These results confirm the improved cytotoxicity of AM in MCF-7 cells when delivered via F-CS-NPs. Overall, our in vitro study demonstrated that the properties of F-CS-NPs greatly influence the cytotoxicity of AM in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (significantly different (p < 0.05)). The use of F-CS-NPs as a drug-delivery system for AM may have the potential to develop novel therapies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
- Nanobiotech Research Initiative, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration on Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
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Mostaraddi S, Pazhang M, Ebadi-Nahari M, Najavand S. The Relationship Between the Cross-Linker on Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and the Properties of Immobilized Papain. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1809-1823. [PMID: 36795275 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The immobilized enzymes' properties can be affected by cross-linkers on the surface of supports. To study how cross-linkers alter enzymes function, chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) with immobilized papain were prepared using glutaraldehyde and or genipin, and then, the properties of the nanoparticles and the immobilized enzymes were assessed. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results showed that the CMNPs were prepared and papain molecules were immobilized on CMNPs by glutaraldehyde (CMNP-Glu-Papain) or by genipin (CMNP-Gen-Papain). Also, the results associated with enzymes activity indicated that the immobilization by glutaraldehyde and genipin increased the pH optimum of papain from 7 to 7.5 and 9, respectively. The kinetic results indicated that the immobilization by genipin slightly affects the enzyme affinity to the substrate. The stability results showed that CMNP-Gen-Papain has more thermal stability than CMNP-Glu-Papain and papain immobilization on CMNPs by genipin leads to stabilization of the enzyme in the presence of polar solvents, probably due to the more hydroxyl groups on CMNPs activated by genipin. In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a relationship between the types of cross-linker on the surface of supports, and the mechanism of action, kinetic parameters, and the stability of immobilized papain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Mostaraddi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pazhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ebadi-Nahari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Najavand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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Abduh MS. Anticancer Analysis of CD44 Targeted Cyclosporine Loaded Thiolated Chitosan Nanoformulations for Sustained Release in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5713-5732. [PMID: 37849642 PMCID: PMC10577256 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s424932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cyclosporine (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive chemotherapeutic medication, treats numerous cancers, particularly malignant carcinoma, acute leukemia, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methodology A specified polymeric nanoformulation (NF) based drug delivery technique with ligand functionalization at the surface was developed to improve its delivery at the intended area and boost the efficacy for prolonged time. The in silico verified the HA binding to the CD44 receptor at binding sites A and B in triple-negative breast cancer cells. The NF of encapsulated Cyclosporine in thiolated chitosan (TC) with the outermost coating of hyaluronic acid (HA) was formulated and characterized. Results So, the zeta analysis revealed a particle size of 192 nm and PDI of 0.433, zeta potential of 38.9mV. FTIR and Raman investigations also support the existence of hydrophobic groups, porous surfaces, and non-clumping characteristics. While XRD verified its crystallographic nature while SEM and TEM analysis revealed the spherical nanoparticles with sleek exteriors. DSC demonstrated the stability of NF at high temperatures. The NF showed 85% drug encapsulation followed Higuchi release model for therapeutic moiety at acidic pH for a maximum of 72 hours. When compared to raw Cyclosporine, the in vitro tumor cell inhibition of ThC-HA encapsulated with Cyclosporine was tested using an MTT dye on normal breast epithelial cells compared to triple-negative breast cancer cells. Conclusion This novel formulation improved the long-term viability, effectiveness, and active targeting as an effective and potent therapeutic moiety against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sánchez-Palacios JT, Henry D, Penrose B, Bell R. Formulation of zinc foliar sprays for wheat grain biofortification: a review of current applications and future perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1247600. [PMID: 37854115 PMCID: PMC10581344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Agronomic biofortification of wheat grain with zinc can improve the condition of about one billion people suffering from zinc (Zn) deficiency. However, with the challenge of cultivating high-yielding wheat varieties in Zn-deficient soils and the global need to produce higher-quality food that nourishes the growing population, innovation in the strategies to deliver Zn directly to plants will come into play. Consequently, existing foliar formulations will need further refinement to maintain the high agronomic productivity required in competitive global grain markets while meeting the dietary Zn intake levels recommended for humans. A new generation of foliar fertilisers that increase the amount of Zn assimilated in wheat plants and the translocation efficiency of Zn from leaves to grains can be a promising solution. Research on the efficacy of adjuvants and emerging nano-transporters relative to conventional Zn forms applied as foliar fertilisers to wheat has expanded rapidly in recent years. This review scopes the range of evidence available in the literature regarding the biofortification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resulting from foliar applications of conventional Zn forms, Zn nanoparticles and novel Zn-foliar formulations. We examine the foliar application strategies and the attained final concentration of grain Zn. We propose a conceptual model for the response of grain Zn biofortification of wheat to foliar Zn application rates. This review discusses some physiological aspects of transportation of foliarly applied Zn that need further investigation. Finally, we explore the prospects of engineering foliar nano-formulations that could effectively overcome the physicochemical barrier to delivering Zn to wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Tonatiuh Sánchez-Palacios
- SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Henry
- Chemistry, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Beth Penrose
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Research Institute for Northern Agriculture, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Brinkin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Richard Bell
- SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Lobato-Guarnido I, Luzón G, Ríos F, Fernández-Serrano M. Synthesis and Characterization of Environmentally Friendly Chitosan-Arabic Gum Nanoparticles for Encapsulation of Oregano Essential Oil in Pickering Emulsion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2651. [PMID: 37836292 PMCID: PMC10574744 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of bioactive agents through the utilization of biodegradable nanoparticles is a topic of considerable scientific interest. In this study, microcapsules composed of chitosan (CS) and Arabic gum (GA) nanoparticles were synthesized, encapsulating oregano essential oil (OEO) through Pickering emulsions and subsequent spray drying. The optimization of hybrid chitosan and Arabic gum (CS-GA) nanoparticle formation was carried out via complex coacervation, followed by an assessment of their behavior during the formation of the emulsion. Measurements of the size, contact angle, and interfacial tension of the formed complexes were conducted to facilitate the development of Pickering emulsions for encapsulating the oil under the most favorable conditions. The chitosan-Arabic gum capsules were physically characterized using scanning electron microscopy and fitted to the Beerkan estimation of soil transfer (BEST) model to determine their size distribution. Finally, the OEO encapsulation efficiency was also determined. The optimum scenario was achieved with the CS-GA 1-2 capsules at a concentration of 2% wt, featuring a contact angle of 89.1 degrees, which is ideal for the formation of oil/water (O/W) emulsions. Capsules of approximately 2.5 μm were obtained, accompanied by an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 60%. In addition, the hybrid nanoparticles that were obtained showed high biodegradability. The data within our study will contribute fundamental insights into CS-GA nanoparticles, and the quantitatively analyzed outcomes presented in this study will hold utility for forthcoming applications in environmentally friendly detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Lobato-Guarnido
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.R.); (M.F.-S.)
| | - Germán Luzón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.R.); (M.F.-S.)
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Zacaron TM, Silva MLSE, Costa MP, Silva DME, Silva AC, Apolônio ACM, Fabri RL, Pittella F, Rocha HVA, Tavares GD. Advancements in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3849. [PMID: 37765701 PMCID: PMC10536410 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of respiratory diseases represents a considerable public health challenge, as they are among the leading causes of death worldwide. In this sense, in addition to the high prevalence of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer, emerging respiratory diseases, particularly those caused by members of the coronavirus family, have contributed to a significant number of deaths on a global scale over the last two decades. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to optimize the efficacy of treatments against these diseases, focusing on pulmonary drug delivery using nanomedicine. Thus, the development of nanocarriers has emerged as a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional therapy, by increasing drug bioavailability at the target site and reducing unwanted side effects. In this context, nanoparticles composed of chitosan (CS) show advantages over other nanocarriers because chitosan possesses intrinsic biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mucoadhesive capacity. Moreover, CS nanoparticles have the potential to enhance drug stability, prolong the duration of action, improve drug targeting, control drug release, optimize dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, and increase cell membrane permeability of hydrophobic drugs. These properties could optimize the performance of the drug after its pulmonary administration. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the potential of chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery, highlighting how their biological properties can improve the treatment of pulmonary diseases, including their synergistic action with the encapsulated drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Medeiros Zacaron
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Mirsiane Pascoal Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Dominique Mesquita e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Allana Carvalho Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Ana Carolina Morais Apolônio
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Frederico Pittella
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Helvécio Vinícius Antunes Rocha
- Laboratory of Micro and Nanotechnology—Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Diniz Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
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Herdiana Y. Chitosan Nanoparticles for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3485. [PMID: 37631542 PMCID: PMC10460071 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic ailment that results from the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing heartburn and acid regurgitation. This review explores nanotechnology as a novel treatment approach for GERD. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) offer several advantages, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and targeted drug delivery capabilities. CSNPs have been extensively studied due to their ability to encapsulate and release medications in a controlled manner. Different nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems, including gels, microspheres, and coatings, have been developed to enhance drug retention, drug targeting, and controlled release in the esophagus. These nanoparticles can target specific molecular pathways associated with acid regulation, esophageal tissue protection, and inflammation modulation. However, the optimization of nanoparticle formulations faces challenges, including ensuring stability, scalability, and regulatory compliance. The future may see CSNPs combined with other treatments like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or mucosal protectants for a synergistic therapeutic approach. Thus, CSNPs provide exciting opportunities for novel GERD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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41
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Gaglio SC, Perduca M, Zipeto D, Bardi G. Efficiency of Chitosan Nanocarriers in Vaccinology for Mucosal Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1333. [PMID: 37631901 PMCID: PMC10459455 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal barrier constitutes a huge surface area, close to 40 m2 in humans, located mostly in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts and ocular cavities. It plays a crucial role in tissue interactions with the microbiome, dietary antigens and other environmental materials. Effective vaccinations to achieve highly protective mucosal immunity are evolving strategies to counteract several serious diseases including tuberculosis, diphtheria, influenzae B, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Human Papilloma Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Interestingly, one of the reasons behind the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants has been the weakness of local immunization at the level of the respiratory mucosa. Mucosal vaccines can outperform parenteral vaccination as they specifically elicit protective mucosal immune responses blocking infection and transmission. In this scenario, chitosan-based nanovaccines are promising adjuvants-carrier systems that rely on the ability of chitosan to cross tight junctions and enhance particle uptake due to chitosan-specific mucoadhesive properties. Indeed, chitosan not only improves the adhesion of antigens to the mucosa promoting their absorption but also shows intrinsic immunostimulant abilities. Furthermore, by finely tuning the colloidal properties of chitosan, it can provide sustained antigen release to strongly activate the humoral defense. In the present review, we agnostically discuss the potential reasons why chitosan-based vaccine carriers, that efficiently elicit strong immune responses in experimental setups and in some pre-clinical/clinical studies, are still poorly considered for therapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Calogero Gaglio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Liu C, Dong S, Wang X, Xu H, Liu C, Yang X, Wu S, Jiang X, Kan M, Xu C. Research progress of polyphenols in nanoformulations for antibacterial application. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100729. [PMID: 37529216 PMCID: PMC10387615 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, especially in low-income countries. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to an increase in antibiotic resistance, which poses a critical threat to human health globally. Natural products such as polyphenolic compounds and their derivatives have been shown the positive therapeutic effects in antibacterial therapy. However, the inherent physicochemical properties of polyphenolic compounds and their derivatives limit their pharmaceutical effects, such as short half-lives, chemical instability, low bioavailability, and poor water solubility. Nanoformulations have shown promising advantages in improving antibacterial activity by controlling the release of drugs and enhancing the bioavailability of polyphenols. In this review, we listed the classification and antibacterial mechanisms of the polyphenolic compounds. More importantly, the nanoformulations for the delivery of polyphenols as the antibacterial agent were summarized, including different types of nanoparticles (NPs) such as polymer-based NPs, metal-based NPs, lipid-based NPs, and nanoscaffolds such as nanogels, nanofibers, and nanoemulsions. At the same time, we also presented the potential biological applications of the nano-system to enhance the antibacterial ability of polyphenols, aiming to provide a new therapeutic perspective for the antibiotic-free treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shuhan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huiqing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shanli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mujie Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Caina Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Naseem S, Rawal RS, Pandey D, Suman SK. Immobilized laccase: an effective biocatalyst for industrial dye degradation from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84898-84917. [PMID: 37369903 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concerns due to the release of industrial wastewater contaminated with dyes are becoming more and more intense with the increasing industrialization. Decolorization of industrial effluents has become the top priority due to the continuous demand for color-free discharge into the receiving water bodies. Different dye removal techniques have been developed, among which biodegradation by laccase enzyme is competitive. Laccase, as a green catalyst, has a high catalytic activity, generates less toxic by-products, and has been extensively researched in the field of remediation of dyes. However, laccase's significant catalytic activity could only be achieved after an effective immobilization step. Immobilization helps strengthen and stabilize the protein structure of laccase, thus enhancing its functional properties. Additionally, the reusability of immobilized laccase makes it an attractive alternative to traditional dye degradation technologies and in the realistic applications of water treatment, compared with free laccase. This review has elucidated different methods and the carriers used to immobilize laccase. Furthermore, the role of immobilized laccase in dye remediation and the prospects have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Naseem
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Raja Singh Rawal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Deepshikha Pandey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Suman
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Dayanandan AP, Cho WJ, Kang H, Bello AB, Kim BJ, Arai Y, Lee SH. Emerging nano-scale delivery systems for the treatment of osteoporosis. Biomater Res 2023; 27:68. [PMID: 37443121 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a pathological condition characterized by an accelerated bone resorption rate, resulting in decreased bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures, particularly among the elderly population. While conventional treatments for osteoporosis have shown efficacy, they are associated with certain limitations, including limited drug bioavailability, non-specific administration, and the occurrence of adverse effects. In recent years, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach for managing osteoporosis. Nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties, such as a small size, large surface area-to-volume ratio, and tunable surface characteristics, which enable them to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. These nanoparticles offer several advantages, including enhanced drug stability, controlled release kinetics, targeted bone tissue delivery, and improved drug bioavailability. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the recent advancements in nanoparticle-based therapy for osteoporosis. It elucidates the various types of nanoparticles employed in this context, including silica, polymeric, solid lipid, and metallic nanoparticles, along with their specific processing techniques and inherent properties that render them suitable as potential drug carriers for osteoporosis treatment. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges and future suggestions associated with the development and translation of nanoparticle drug delivery systems for clinical use. These challenges encompass issues such as scalability, safety assessment, and regulatory considerations. However, despite these challenges, the utilization of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems holds immense promise in revolutionizing the field of osteoporosis management by enabling more effective and targeted therapies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woong Jin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Alvin Bacero Bello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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45
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El-Naggar NEA, Eltarahony M, Hafez EE, Bashir SI. Green fabrication of chitosan nanoparticles using Lavendula angustifolia, optimization, characterization and in‑vitro antibiofilm activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11127. [PMID: 37429892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are promising polymeric nanoparticles with exceptional physicochemical, antimicrobial and biological characteristics. The CNPs are preferred for a wide range of applications in the food industry, cosmetics, agriculture, medical, and pharmaceutical fields due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, eco-friendliness, and non-toxicity. In the current study, a biologically based approach was used to biofabricate CNPs using an aqueous extract of Lavendula angustifolia leaves as a reducing agent. The TEM images show that the CNPs were spherical in shape and ranged in size from 7.24 to 9.77 nm. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of several functional groups, including C-H, C-O, CONH2, NH2, C-OH and C-O-C. The crystalline nature of CNPs is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that CNPs are thermally stable. The CNPs' surface is positively charged and has a Zeta potential of 10 mV. For optimising CNPs biofabrication, a face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) with 50 experiments was used. The artificial intelligence-based approach was used to analyse, validate, and predict CNPs biofabrication. The optimal conditions for maximum CNPs biofabrication were theoretically determined using the desirability function and experimentally verified. The optimal conditions that maximize CNPs biofabrication (10.11 mg/mL) were determined to be chitosan concentration 0.5%, leaves extract 75%, and initial pH 4.24. The antibiofilm activity of CNPs was evaluated in‑vitro. The results show that 1500 μg/mL of CNPs suppressed P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans biofilm formation by 91.83 ± 1.71%, 55.47 ± 2.12% and 66.4 ± 1.76%; respectively. The promising results of the current study in biofilm inhibition by necrotizing biofilm architecture, reducing its significant constituents and inhibiting microbial cell proliferation encourage their use as natural biosafe and biocompatible anti-adherent coating in antibiofouling membranes, medical bandage/tissues and food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Eltarahony
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El‑Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Shimaa I Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El‑Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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46
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A comprehensive review of chitosan applications in paper science and technologies. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 309:120665. [PMID: 36906368 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using environmentally friendly biomaterials in different aspects of human life has been considered extensively. In this respect, different biomaterials have been identified and different applications have been found for them. Currently, chitosan, the well-known derivative of the second most abundant polysaccharide in the nature (i.e., chitin), has been receiving a lot of attention. This unique biomaterial can be defined as a renewable, high cationic charge density, antibacterial, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic biomaterial with high compatibility with cellulose structure, where it can be used in different applications. This review takes a deep and comprehensive look at chitosan and its derivative applications in different aspects of papermaking.
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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF. Chitosan-based nanocomposites as coatings and packaging materials for the postharvest improvement of agricultural product: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 309:120666. [PMID: 36906369 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The perishability nature of harvested fruits and vegetables, along with the effect of environmental factors, storage conditions, and transportation, reduce the products' quality and shelf-life. Considerable efforts have been allocated to alternate conventional coatings based on new edible biopolymers for packaging. Chitosan is an attractive alternative to synthetic plastic polymers due to its biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and film-forming properties. However, its conservative properties can be improved by adding active compounds, limiting microbial agents' growth and biochemical and physical damages, and enhancing the stored products' quality, shelf-life, and consumer acceptability. Most of the research on chitosan-based coatings focuses on antimicrobial or antioxidant properties. Along with the advancement of polymer science and nanotechnology, novel chitosan blends with multiple functionalities are required and should be fabricated using numerous strategies, especially for application during storage. This review discusses recent developments in using chitosan as a matrix to fabricate bioactive edible coatings and their positive impacts on increasing the quality and shelf-life of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Popescu M, Ungureanu C. Green Nanomaterials for Smart Textiles Dedicated to Environmental and Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114075. [PMID: 37297209 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles recently reaped significant attention owing to their potential applications in various fields, such as environmental and biomedical monitoring. Integrating green nanomaterials into smart textiles can enhance their functionality and sustainability. This review will outline recent advancements in smart textiles incorporating green nanomaterials for environmental and biomedical applications. The article highlights green nanomaterials' synthesis, characterization, and applications in smart textile development. We discuss the challenges and limitations of using green nanomaterials in smart textiles and future perspectives for developing environmentally friendly and biocompatible smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Popescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Ungureanu
- General Chemistry Department, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu Street, 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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49
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Silant'ev VE, Shmelev ME, Belousov AS, Patlay AA, Shatilov RA, Farniev VM, Kumeiko VV. How to Develop Drug Delivery System Based on Carbohydrate Nanoparticles Targeted to Brain Tumors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112516. [PMID: 37299315 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the most difficult to treat, not only because of the variety of their forms and the small number of effective chemotherapeutic agents capable of suppressing tumor cells, but also limited by poor drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles are promising drug delivery solutions promoted by the expansion of nanotechnology, emerging in the creation and practical use of materials in the range from 1 to 500 nm. Carbohydrate-based nanoparticles is a unique platform for active molecular transport and targeted drug delivery, providing biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a reduction in toxic side effects. However, the design and fabrication of biopolymer colloidal nanomaterials have been and remain highly challenging to date. Our review is devoted to the description of carbohydrate nanoparticle synthesis and modification, with a brief overview of the biological and promising clinical outcomes. We also expect this manuscript to highlight the great potential of carbohydrate nanocarriers for drug delivery and targeted treatment of gliomas of various grades and glioblastomas, as the most aggressive of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E Silant'ev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Processes, Institute of Chemistry, FEB RAS, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mikhail E Shmelev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrei S Belousov
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Patlay
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roman A Shatilov
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladislav M Farniev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim V Kumeiko
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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50
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Chellathurai MS, Yong CL, Sofian ZM, Sahudin S, Hasim NBM, Mahmood S. Self-assembled chitosan-insulin oral nanoparticles - A critical perspective review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125125. [PMID: 37263321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is an abundant natural cationic polysaccharide with excellent biodegradability, bioadhesion, and biocompatibility. Chitosan is extensively researched for various particulate oral insulin drug delivery systems. Oral insulin is economically efficient and more convenient than injections, with greater patient compliance. Electrostatic ionic interaction between cationic chitosan and anionic polymer or insulin leads to the formation of spontaneously self-assembled nanoparticles. This simple technique attracted many researchers as it can be carried out quickly in mild conditions without harmful solvents, such as surfactants or chemical cross-linkers that might degrade the insulin structure. The formulated chitosan nanoparticles help to protect the core insulin from enzymatic degradation in the digestive system and improve paracellular intestinal uptake from the enterocytes due to mucoadhesion and reversible tight junction opening. Moreover, functionalized chitosan nanoparticles create newer avenues for targeted and prolonged delivery. This review focuses on modified chitosan-insulin nanoparticles and their implications on oral insulin delivery. Dependent variables and their optimal concentration ranges used in self-assembly techniques for chitosan-insulin nanoparticular synthesis are summarized. This review provides a comprehensive guide to fine-tune the essential factors to formulate stable insulin-chitosan nanoparticles using mild ionic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melbha Starlin Chellathurai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chung Lip Yong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zarif Mohamed Sofian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Shariza Sahudin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Technology MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Binti Mohd Hasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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