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Cowan HR, McAdams DP, Ouellet L, Jones CM, Mittal VA. Self-concept and Narrative Identity in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:848-859. [PMID: 37816626 PMCID: PMC11283199 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Disturbances of the narrative self and personal identity accompany the onset of psychotic disorders in late adolescence and early adulthood (a formative developmental stage for self-concept and personal narratives). However, these issues have primarily been studied retrospectively after illness onset, limiting any inferences about their developmental course. STUDY DESIGN Youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) (n = 49) and matched healthy comparison youth (n = 52) completed a life story interview (including self-defining memory, turning point, life challenge, and psychotic-like experience) and questionnaires assessing self-esteem, self-beliefs, self-concept clarity, and ruminative/reflective self-focus. Trained raters coded interviews for narrative identity themes of emotional tone, agency, temporal coherence, context coherence, self-event connections, and meaning-making (intraclass correlations >0.75). Statistical analyses tested group differences and relationships between self-concept, narrative identity, symptoms, and functioning. STUDY RESULTS CHR participants reported more negative self-esteem and self-beliefs, poorer self-concept clarity, and more ruminative self-focus, all of which related to negative symptoms. CHR participants narrated their life stories with themes of negative emotion and passivity (ie, lack of personal agency), which related to positive and negative symptoms. Reflective self-focus and autobiographical reasoning were unaffected and correlated. Autobiographical reasoning was uniquely associated with preserved role functioning. CONCLUSIONS This group of youth at CHR exhibited some, but not all, changes to self-concept and narrative identity seen in psychotic disorders. A core theme of negativity, uncertainty, and passivity ran through their semantic and narrative self-representations. Preserved self-reflection and autobiographical reasoning suggest sources of resilience and potential footholds for cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R Cowan
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dan P McAdams
- Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Leah Ouellet
- Human Development and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Deriu V, Altavilla D, Adornetti I, Chiera A, Ferretti F. Narrative identity in addictive disorders: a conceptual review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1409217. [PMID: 38952822 PMCID: PMC11215194 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1409217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Narrative identity allows individuals to integrate their personal experiences into a coherent and meaningful life story. Addictive disorders appear to be associated with a disturbed sense of self, reflected in problematic and disorganized self-narratives. In recent literature, a growing body of research has highlighted how narrative approaches can make a dual contribution to the understanding of addiction: on the one hand, by revealing crucial aspects of self structure, and, on the other, by supporting the idea that addiction is a disorder related to unintegrated self-states in which dissociative phenomena and the resulting sense of 'loss of self' are maladaptive strategies for coping with distress. This conceptual review identified the main measures of narrative identity, i.e., narrative coherence and complexity, agency, and emotions, and critically examines 9 quantitative and qualitative studies (out of 18 identified in literature), that have investigated the narrative dimension in people with an addictive disorder in order to provide a synthesis of the relationship between self, narrative and addiction. These studies revealed a difficulty in the organization of narrative identity of people with an addictive disorder, which is reflected in less coherent and less complex autobiographical narratives, in a prevalence of passivity and negative emotions, and in a widespread presence of themes related to a lack of self-efficacy. This review points out important conceptual, methodological and clinical implications encouraging further investigation of narrative dimension in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Altavilla
- Cosmic Lab, Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performing Arts, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
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El Maouch M, Jin Z. Between Meanings and Senses-Making Spaces: Agency and Ownership Emergence Formalization from Cultural-Historical Activity Theory Position, for an AI-Friendly Model. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2024; 58:99-137. [PMID: 37193931 PMCID: PMC10188320 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-023-09770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sense of agency and sense of ownership are considered crucial in autonomous systems. However, drawbacks still exist regarding how to represent their causal origin and internal structure, either in formalized psychological models or in artificial systems. This paper considers that these drawbacks are based on the ontological and epistemological duality in mainstream psychology and AI. By shedding light on the cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) and dialectical logic, and by building on and extending related work, this paper attempts to investigate how the noted duality affects investigating the self and "I". And by differentiating between the space of meanings and the sense-making space, the paper introduces CHAT's position of the causal emergence of agency and ownership by stressing the twofold transition theory being central to CHAT. Furthermore, a qualitative formalized model is introduced to represent the emergence of agency and ownership through the emergence of the contradictions-based meaning with potential employment in AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Maouch
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Yingcai Street, No.6, Zhengzhou, Henan 45044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Yingcai Street, No.6, Zhengzhou, Henan 45044 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
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Mori T, Hattori R, Irie K, Tsurumi K, Murai T, Ishii R, Inadomi H. Relationship between personal recovery, autobiographical memory, and clinical recovery in people with mental illness in the acute phase. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26075. [PMID: 38390044 PMCID: PMC10881879 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Narratives are important in psychiatric rehabilitation. People with a psychiatric diagnosis find it difficult to recall specific autobiographical memories of events that lasted less than a day. Although personal narratives play a central role in personal recovery, the factors influencing personal and clinical recovery, such as psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function, have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study examined the associations between personal recovery and autobiographical memory, age, psychiatric symptoms, and neurocognitive function. Method The Self-Identified Stage of Recovery, Parts A and B (SISR-A, SISR-B), Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), Japanese version of the Brief Assessment Scale of Schizophrenia Cognitive Function, and Brief Psychiatric Symptom Rating Scale were administered to 40 individuals with psychiatric disorders who were undergoing psychiatric rehabilitation. Results A significant positive correlation was found between the total number of specific memories in the AMT and total SISR-B scores. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the total number of specific memories, especially high responsiveness to negative cue words, significantly predicted greater personal recovery. Age, psychiatric symptoms, and neurocognitive function did not significantly predict higher personal recovery. Conclusion In psychiatric rehabilitation, negative episodes should be treated with caution; however, they may also facilitate personal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Mori
- Department of Day Care Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
- Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hattori
- Department of Day Care Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Keisuke Irie
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryouhei Ishii
- Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Japan
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Caple V, Maude P, Walter R, Ross A. An exploration of loneliness experienced by people living with mental illness and the impact on their recovery journey: An integrative review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:1170-1191. [PMID: 37382063 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: There is evidence that social isolation and loneliness is more prevalent in people living with mental illness than in the general population. People living with mental illness frequently experience stigma, discrimination, rejection, repeated psychiatric admissions, low self-esteem, low self-efficacy, and increased symptoms of paranoia, depression, and anxiety. There is evidence of common interventions that can be used to improve loneliness and social isolation such as psychosocial skills training and cognitive group therapy. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper offers a comprehensive assessment of the evidence between mental illness, loneliness, and recovery. The results suggest that people living with mental illness experience elevated levels of social isolation and loneliness leading to poor recovery and quality of life. Social deprivation, social integration and romantic loneliness are related to loneliness, poor recovery, and reduced quality of life. A sense of belonging, ability to trust and hope are important aspects of improved loneliness, quality of life and recovery. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The existing culture in mental health nursing practice needs to be examined to address loneliness in people living with mental illness and its impact on recovery. Existing tools to research loneliness do not consider dimensions in loneliness experience as reflected in the literature. Practice needs to demonstrate an integrated approach to recovery, optimal service delivery and augmentation of evidence-based clinical practice to improve individual's loneliness, social circumstances, and relationships. Practice needs to demonstrate nursing knowledge in caring for people living with mental illness experiencing loneliness. Further longitudinal research is required to clearly understand the relationship between loneliness, mental illness, and recovery. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: To our knowledge, there are no previous reviews on the impact of loneliness experienced by people aged 18-65, who are living with mental illness and their recovery experience. AIM/QUESTION To explore the experience and impact of loneliness in people living with mental illness during recovery. METHOD An integrative review. RESULTS A total of 17 papers met the inclusion criteria. The search was conducted using four electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO. Across these 17 papers, participants were most commonly, diagnosed with schizophrenia or psychotic disorders and recruited from community mental health services. DISCUSSION The review revealed loneliness to be substantial in people living with mental illness and that loneliness affected their recovery, and their quality of life. The review identified many factors that contribute to loneliness including unemployment, financial strain, social deprivation, group housing, internalized stigma and mental illness symptoms. Individual factors such as social/community integration and social network size as well as an inability to trust, a sense of not belonging, hopelessness and lack of romance were also evident. Interventions targeting social functioning skills and social connectedness were found to improve social isolation and loneliness. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE It is vital for mental health nursing practice to employ an approach integrating physical health as well as social recovery needs, optimal service delivery and augmentation of evidence-based clinical practice to improve loneliness, recovery, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Caple
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe. University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phil Maude
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, Latrobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruby Walter
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences Nursing, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alistair Ross
- La Trobe Rural Health School, Latrobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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White R, Haddock G, Haarmans M, Varese F. Being more satisfied with romantic relationship status is associated with increased mental wellbeing in people with experience of psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1232973. [PMID: 37840795 PMCID: PMC10569177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Romantic relationships represent one of the most salient sources of social support. In general population studies, they are associated with both physical and psychological benefits. Research suggests that for people with psychosis, romantic relationships may also have a positive impact on a range of outcomes, but the reasons for these associations are still unclear. This study aims to investigate whether satisfaction with romantic relationships status is associated with better wellbeing outcomes in people with experience of psychosis and explore three possible psychological mediators of this relationship. Methods Participants who had previously sought support for psychosis (n = 190) completed an online survey including measures of relationship status satisfaction (the Satisfaction with Relationship Scale) as well as measures of psychotic symptoms (the CAPE-42), general well-being (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale) and several psychological variables relevant to the pathway between romantic relationships and well-being outcomes, namely loneliness, internalised stigma, self-esteem and attachment. Results Fearful attachment and partner criticism were negatively associated with relationship status satisfaction. Having a partner was positively associated with relationship status satisfaction. Higher levels of relationship status satisfaction were associated with lower psychotic symptoms and higher mental wellbeing. This relationship was mediated by loneliness, internalised stigma, and self-esteem. Conclusion Mental health services should be mindful of the associations between romantic relationship satisfaction and wellbeing. Service users with a fearful attachment style may particularly benefit from support in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca White
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Haarmans
- Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Varese
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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7
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El Maouch M, Jin Z, Zhao K, Zhang Y. The "Creativity Crisis" as a Mind in Crisis: A Cultural-Historical Activity Theory Position. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2023:10.1007/s12124-023-09808-6. [PMID: 37728842 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-023-09808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Creativity is considered a global ability and crucial for ordinary-daily and special (e.g., science, aesthetic) activities. In this paper, from the position of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), we expand the debate about the creativity crisis and hypothesize that the noted crisis is only the tip of the iceberg represented by the crisis of the postmodern' incoherent mind, reflecting the crisis of self-realization as a leading activity in the individualistic epoch. By investigating creativity as an original functionality of the mind, two key titles are stressed. One is the halting of the activity system; two, it is the inconsistency between the objective meanings sphere and the subjective sense-making sphere. Both titles represent the epistemological rupture embedded in the mainstream culture and praxis rooted in the internal contradictions of individualism and post-modernism as worldview and practices, leading the mind to close its eyes on the contradictions which are the crucial source of grasping the internal content (abstraction and generalization) of the given experience, hence, a crucial source of creativity. Thus, it is considered that not only creativity is in crisis, but also the coherence of the mind as well, as an extreme result of the shattered postmodern existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Maouch
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zheng Jin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kaibin Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yujia Zhang
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Wright AC, Lysaker PH, Fowler D, Greenwood K. Clinical insight in first episode psychosis: the role of metacognition. J Ment Health 2023; 32:78-86. [PMID: 33999747 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1922629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor clinical insight has been commonly reported in those with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) and thought to be influenced by a range of factors, including neurocognition and symptoms. Clinical insight may be compromised as a result of alterations in higher-level reflective processes, such as metacognitive ability and cognitive insight. AIMS To explore whether metacognitive ability and cognitive insight are associated with clinical insight while controlling for IQ, depression, and symptoms in FEP. METHODS 60 individuals with FEP completed measures for clinical insight, metacognitive ability, cognitive insight, positive and negative symptoms, depression, and IQ. RESULTS Higher levels of metacognitive ability were associated with better clinical insight, even when controlling for IQ, depression, positive and negative symptoms, and medication. Integration subscale of metacognitive ability was most strongly associated with clinical insight. Cognitive insight was associated with clinical insight when controlling for covariates. However, when including metacognitive ability and cognitive insight in the predictive model, only metacognitive ability was significantly related to clinical insight. DISCUSSION Metacognitive ability, specifically the ability to describe one's evolving mental state to provide a coherent narrative, was significantly related to clinical insight, independent of covariates, and may be a potentially important target for intervention in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Wright
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David Fowler
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Research & Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Hove, UK
| | - Kathryn Greenwood
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Research & Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Hove, UK
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MacDougall AG, Price E, Glen S, Wiener JC, Kukan S, Powe L, Bird R, Lysaker PH, Anderson KK, Norman RM. A pilot study of participatory video in early psychosis: Qualitative findings. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE 2022; 6:10438. [PMID: 37440774 PMCID: PMC10336884 DOI: 10.4081/qrmh.2022.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For people with psychotic disorders, developing a personal narrative about one's experiences with psychosis can help promote recovery. This pilot study examined participants' reactions to and experiences of participatory video as an intervention to help facilitate recovery-oriented narrative development in early psychosis. Outpatients of an early psychosis intervention program were recruited to participate in workshops producing short documentary-style videos of their collective and individual experiences. Six male participants completed the program and took part in a focus group upon completion and in an individual semistructured interview three months later. Themes were identified from the focus group and interviews and then summarized for descriptive purposes. Prominent themes included impacts of the videos on the participants and perceived impacts on others, fulfilment from sharing experiences and expressing oneself, value of collaboration and cohesion in a group, acquiring interpersonal and technological skills, and recommendations for future implementation. Findings of this study suggest that participatory video is an engaging means of self-definition and self-expression among young people in recovery from early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene G. MacDougall
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
- Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph’s Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario
| | - Elizabeth Price
- Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph’s Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario
| | - Sarah Glen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua C. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
| | - Sahana Kukan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
| | - Laura Powe
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
| | - Richelle Bird
- Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph’s Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario
| | - Paul H. Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Kelly K. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
| | - Ross M.G. Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
- Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph’s Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario
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Lysaker PH, Holm T, Kukla M, Wiesepape C, Faith L, Musselman A, Lysaker JT. Psychosis and the challenges to narrative identity and the good life: Advances from research on the integrated model of metacognition. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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El Maouch M, Wang Y, Jin Z, Tamunang Tamutana T, Zhao K, Liu Y. Activity system, schizotypal personality, and mentalization: A study between halted activity and COVID-19 conducted in Henan, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:930842. [PMID: 36016891 PMCID: PMC9396303 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.930842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic-related lifestyle has potentially imposed crucial disturbances on daily and long-term activities, which, in turn, were associated with thought disturbance. This study investigates how the characteristics of the activity system during pandemic-related restrictions are associated with other psychomental aspects. By focusing on PTSD, mentalization, and schizotypal personality, and by inquiring about the main components of the activity system of 852 college students (Zhengzhou, Henan, China)- including the goals orienting their activity, goals' terms and types, the motivation levels and sources, the activity type and engagement time, the flow of the activity, and how due to pandemic lifestyle-results revealed that the activity system's components have significant associations with PTSD, reflective function, and schizotypal traits. Additionally, some of the activity system's elements have a significant predictive role regarding schizotypal traits. The study considered that the life narrative during the pandemic has been disturbed; hence, this may have a crucial effect on mind coherence. Additionally, the outcomes from the pandemic context will support mental health interventions in other similar contexts where the life narrative is severely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Maouch
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mohamad El Maouch
| | - Yile Wang
- Department of Journalism Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Jin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Tamunang Tamutana
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaibin Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
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Akouri-Shan L, DeLuca JS, Pitts SC, Jay SY, Redman SL, Petti E, Bridgwater MA, Rakhshan Rouhakhtar PJ, Klaunig MJ, Chibani D, Martin EA, Reeves GM, Schiffman J. Internalized stigma mediates the relation between psychosis-risk symptoms and subjective quality of life in a help-seeking sample. Schizophr Res 2022; 241:298-305. [PMID: 35220169 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Subjective quality of life can be compromised in individuals with psychosis-risk symptoms, with poorer quality of life being associated with worse functioning and later transition to psychosis. Individuals who experience psychosis-related symptoms also tend to endorse more internalized (or self-) mental health stigma when compared to controls, potentially contributing to delays in seeking treatment and increased duration of untreated psychosis, as well as interfering with treatment engagement and retention in those already receiving care. Despite these findings, and the growing recognition for prevention in earlier phases of psychotic illness, few studies have examined the relation between psychosis-risk symptoms, internalized stigma, and subjective quality of life in a younger, help-seeking sample. The present study examined whether internalized stigma mediates the relation between psychosis-risk symptoms and subjective quality of life in a transdiagnostic sample of youth (M age = 17.93, SD = 2.90) at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR), with early psychosis, or with non-psychotic disorders (N = 72). Psychosis-risk symptom severity was assessed using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS). Internalized stigma was assessed using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory (ISMI), and subjective quality of life was assessed using the Youth Quality of Life Instrument - Short Form (YQOL-SF). Internalized stigma fully mediated the relation between psychosis-risk symptoms and subjective quality of life across the full sample (p < .05, f2 = 0.06). Findings suggest that internalized stigma may be an important target in efforts to improve quality of life for individuals in early stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnn Akouri-Shan
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, MD, USA
| | - Joseph S DeLuca
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1399 Park Ave., New York 10029, NY, USA
| | - Steven C Pitts
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Y Jay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, MD, USA
| | - Samantha L Redman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, MD, USA
| | - Emily Petti
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine 92697, CA, USA
| | - Miranda A Bridgwater
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine 92697, CA, USA
| | - Pamela J Rakhshan Rouhakhtar
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, MD, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 701 W. Pratt St., Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| | - Mallory J Klaunig
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine 92697, CA, USA
| | - Doha Chibani
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine 92697, CA, USA
| | - Gloria M Reeves
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 701 W. Pratt St., Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| | - Jason Schiffman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine 92697, CA, USA.
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Skar-Fröding R, Clausen H, Šaltytė Benth J, Ruud T, Slade M, S Heiervang K. Associations between personal recovery and service user-rated versus clinician-rated clinical recovery, a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:42. [PMID: 35042494 PMCID: PMC8764788 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the relationship between service user-rated personal recovery and clinician-rated and service user-rated clinical recovery. The relationships between different subdomains of clinical recovery and personal recovery were also assessed. METHODS In total, 318 mental health service users with a psychosis diagnosis and their clinicians from 39 sites across Norway completed standardized questionnaires regarding personal recovery, clinical symptoms and psychosocial functioning. Regression models were used to investigate the relationship between personal and clinical recovery. RESULTS Overall, clinical recovery was positively associated with personal recovery, when rated both by service users and by clinicians. Personal recovery was associated with lower levels of depression, self-harm and problems with relationships when rated by the service users. Among the subdomains rated by the clinicians, personal recovery was associated with fewer problems with relationships and higher aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that affective symptoms are associated with personal recovery, indicating the need for greater focus on depression treatment among people with psychosis. Improving social connections is of importance for personal recovery, and might be an area where clinicians and service users can meet and find agreement on important treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Skar-Fröding
- R&D Department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Hanne Clausen
- R&D Department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders and Mental Health Division, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Jūratė Šaltytė Benth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torleif Ruud
- R&D Department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristin S Heiervang
- R&D Department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Centre for Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Leendertse P, Hirzalla F, van den Berg D, Castelein S, Mulder CL. Facilitating and hindering factors of personal recovery in the context of Soteria-A qualitative study among people with (early episode) psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1051446. [PMID: 36683984 PMCID: PMC9848445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to gain insight into patients' experiences of how personal recovery (PR) is facilitated or hindered in the context of an early episode psychosis setting (Soteria). We thereby aimed to contribute to the understanding of how care settings may promote or hinder the process of PR in people with (acute) psychosis. METHOD This study used a qualitative method, consisting of semi-structured in-depth interviews with people who had been admitted to a Soteria house in the Netherlands. Interview transcripts were analyzed following the Grounded Theory approach. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the data illustrating how Soteria facilitated or impeded PR. The experience of togetherness in contact with staff and peers, feeling at home, and being active facilitated PR, while the emphasis put on medication by staff was experienced as hindering, and attention to spirituality was missed. CONCLUSION In addition to the literature that identified factors associated with PR in psychosis, the current study gives a sense of how this can be put into practice. By offering treatment within a normalizing, holding environment, with emphasis on equality, close contact, optimism, active structured days, open-mindedness toward spirituality, and the role of medication, PR can be facilitated without detracting from guideline-based treatment aimed at symptomatic recovery. Similarities with existing concepts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pien Leendertse
- Emergis, Institute for Mental Healthcare, Kloetinge, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fadi Hirzalla
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Research and Innovation, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Stynke Castelein
- Lentis Research, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Lambert Mulder
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Antes, Institute for Mental Healthcare, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Ma R, Wang J, Lloyd-Evans B, Marston L, Johnson S. Trajectories of loneliness and objective social isolation and associations between persistent loneliness and self-reported personal recovery in a cohort of secondary mental health service users in the UK. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:421. [PMID: 34425767 PMCID: PMC8381487 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is a frequent and distressing experience among people with mental health problems. However, few longitudinal studies have so far investigated the trajectories of loneliness and objective social isolation, and the extent to which both issues may impact mental health outcomes among mental health service users. Therefore, this study aims to describe the trajectories of loneliness and objective social isolation and their associations with self-rated personal recovery among people leaving crisis resolution teams (CRTs). METHODS A total of 224 participants receiving care from CRTs (recruited for a large multi-site randomised controlled trial) were included in this longitudinal cohort study. They completed the eight-item University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), Lubben-Social Network Scale (LNSN-6), and the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) (primary outcome) at baseline, 4- and 18-month follow-up, as well as baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS We compared groups who were persistently lonely (at all time points), intermittently lonely (at one or two time points) and never lonely. After adjusting for all potential confounders and baseline predictive variables, persistent severe loneliness was associated with worse personal recovery at 18-month follow-up compared with the never lonely (reference group) (coef. = - 12.8, 95% CI -11.8, - 3.8, p < .001), as was being intermittently lonely (coef. = - 7.8, 95% CI -18.8, - 6.8, p < .001). The persistently objectively social isolated group (coef. = - 9.8, 95% CI -15.7, - 3.8, p = .001) also had poorer self-rated recovery at 18-month follow-up than those who were not socially isolated at any timepoint (i.e., reference category). CONCLUSION Results suggest that both persistent loneliness and objective social isolation are associated with poorer self-rated recovery following a crisis, compatible with a causal relationship. These findings suggest a potential role for interventions aimed at alleviating loneliness and objective social isolation in improving recovery outcomes for people with mental health symptoms. Increased awareness of both issues among health practitioners is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Ma
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF England ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK SE5 8AB
| | - Jingyi Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF England
| | - Louise Marston
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, England. .,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 St Pancras Way, London, NW1 0PE, England.
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16
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Cowan HR, Mittal VA, McAdams DP. Narrative identity in the psychosis spectrum: A systematic review and developmental model. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 88:102067. [PMID: 34274799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders face profound challenges as they attempt to maintain identity through the course of illness. Narrative identity-the study of internalized, evolving life stories-provides a rich theoretical and empirical perspective on these challenges. Based on evidence from a systematic review of narrative identity in the psychosis spectrum (30 studies, combined N = 3859), we argue that the narrative identities of individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are distinguished by three features: disjointed structure, a focus on suffering, and detached narration. Psychotic disorders typically begin to emerge during adolescence and emerging adulthood, which are formative developmental stages for narrative identity, so it is particularly informative to understand identity disturbances from a developmental perspective. We propose a developmental model in which a focus on suffering emerges in childhood; disjointed structure emerges in middle and late adolescence; and detached narration emerges before or around the time of a first psychotic episode. Further research with imminent risk and early course psychosis populations would be needed to test these predictions. The disrupted life stories of individuals on the psychosis spectrum provide multiple rich avenues for further research to understand narrative self-disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Psychology, Psychiatry, Medical and Social Sciences, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Dan P McAdams
- Psychology, School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, United States
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17
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Jensen RAA, Thomsen DK, Lind M, Ladegaard N, Bliksted VF. Storying the Past and the Future: Agency and Communion Themes Among Individuals With Schizophrenia and Depression. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:343-352. [PMID: 33835953 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Research has linked disturbances in narrative identity with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. One such disturbance is diminished agency and communion themes in past life stories. However, projecting oneself into the future is also central to identity and potentially impacts recovery. Hence, we examined themes of agency and communion in both past and future life stories and related themes to psychosocial functioning in 20 individuals with schizophrenia, 20 individuals with depressive disorder, and 19 nonpsychiatric controls. Participants were asked to describe up to 10 past and future chapters in their life stories and were assessed on psychosocial functioning and neurocognition. Chapters were coded for agency and communion themes. Both clinical groups displayed diminished agency and communion themes in past but not future life story chapters compared with the nonpsychiatric controls. Furthermore, agency themes in future chapters explained variance in psychosocial functioning after controlling for neurocognition. The results suggest that constructing a narrative identity to foster agency and communion in both past and future chapters may be an important part of recovering from schizophrenia and depression.
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18
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Yu BCL, Mak WWS, Chio FHN. Family involvement moderates the relationship between perceived recovery orientation of services and personal narratives among Chinese with schizophrenia in Hong Kong: a 1-year longitudinal investigation. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:401-408. [PMID: 32797245 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Family has been found to have an influential role on clinical and recovery outcomes of people with schizophrenia. While recovery-oriented services can facilitate service users to develop a rich and positive identity, it is unclear how different levels of family involvement may interact with recovery-oriented services in affecting personal recovery. The present study aimed to examine how family involvement moderates the relationship between perceived recovery-orientation of services and personal narratives of Chinese people in Hong Kong who had recent onset of schizophrenia spectrum disorder longitudinally. METHOD Multi-method approach (semi-structured interview, researcher ratings, self-report measures) was adopted. 167 participants completed assessments at baseline; 93 and 68 of them were retained at 6-month and 12-month follow-up assessment, respectively. RESULTS Baseline perceived recovery orientation of services significantly predicted richer personal narratives at 6-month follow-up when baseline family involvement was optimal (B = 0.26, p = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02-0.48]). As to 12-month assessment, baseline perceived recovery orientation of services significantly predicted poorer personal narratives when family was perceived as under-involved at baseline (B = - 0.45, p = 0.02, 95% CI [- 0.88 to - 0.07]). CONCLUSION Without proper family involvement, recovery-oriented services could be ineffectual in facilitating the development of rich personal narratives for Chinese people in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C L Yu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Floria H N Chio
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong
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19
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Abstract
It has been proposed that schizophrenia reflects disturbances in personal identity, which include sense of personal agency, sense of belonging within a social group, and metacognition. Less is known about how these different processes are related to one another and to well-being outcomes. To study this, we measured themes of agency and communion in narrative identity in 29 individuals with schizophrenia and 29 individuals with HIV. All participants had previously been assessed on metacognitive abilities using the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview (IPII) and completed scales measuring hopelessness and self-esteem. For the present study, themes of agency and communion were coded from the IPII transcripts. Results indicated that participants with schizophrenia had lower levels of agency and communion compared with participants with HIV. More presence of agency and communion themes were related to better metacognitive abilities as well as less hopelessness and higher self-esteem across groups. Agency predicted variance in hopelessness after controlling for metacognitive abilities. The results suggest that although the construction of narrative identity may depend on metacognitive abilities, agency themes predict outcomes beyond metacognition.
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20
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MacDougall AG, Kukan S, Price E, Glen S, Bird R, Powe L, Wiener JC, Lysaker PH, Anderson KK, Norman RM. Participatory video as a novel recovery-oriented intervention in early psychosis: A pilot study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020; 66:780-784. [PMID: 32571128 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020932938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal narrative plays an important role in the process of recovery from psychotic illnesses. Participatory video is a novel, active intervention that can be used as a tool for fostering narrative development among people with psychosis. AIM To assess the feasibility, acceptability and potential clinical utility of participatory video as an innovative tool for promoting recovery in early psychosis. METHODS Ten outpatients of an early psychosis intervention programme were recruited to participate in 13 biweekly workshops to plan, film and produce documentary-style videos of their experiences. Feasibility was measured through recruitment and retention. Acceptability was measured through workshop attendance and client satisfaction. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, post intervention and 3 months post intervention. RESULTS The participatory video intervention was feasible and associated with a high degree of satisfaction for participants who completed the workshops (n = 6). At 3-month follow-up, participants exhibited significant reductions (p < .05) in tension, self-stigma and negative perceptions of hoped-for selves. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this pilot study suggest that participatory video is feasible and acceptable for individuals with early psychosis. This study also provides important pilot data supporting a larger trial investigating the effectiveness of participatory video as a recovery-oriented intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene G MacDougall
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph's Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP), London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sahana Kukan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Price
- Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph's Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Glen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richelle Bird
- Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph's Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Powe
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua C Wiener
- Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph's Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph's Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ross Mg Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Parkwood Institute Research, St. Joseph's Health Care London and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP), London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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21
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Nonmedical Interventions for Schizophrenia: A Review of Diet, Exercise, and Social Roles. Holist Nurs Pract 2020; 34:73-82. [PMID: 32049694 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major mental illness with a disease course that is influenced by lifestyle. The risk-benefit ratio for alternative interventions is more favorable than for antipsychotics in long-term treatment. Dietary interventions may target autoimmune features, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, abnormal lipid metabolism, gluten sensitivity, or others. Examples of interventions involving diet, physical activity, or physical processes or social interventions including talk therapy exist in the literature. Notwithstanding, the general utility of these types of interventions remains inconclusive, awaiting long-term randomized trials. A perspective that separates the cause of the disease from its symptoms may be helpful in treatment planning and is warranted to distinguish between short-term and long-term recovery goals.
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22
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Singla N, Avasthi A, Grover S. Recovery and its correlates in patients with schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102162. [PMID: 32562926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available from India, on psychological recovery in patients with schizophrenia. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the correlates and stages of the psychological recovery of patients with schizophrenia. 100 patients, in clinical remission, were evaluated on Stages of Recovery Instrument (STORI), Functional Social Support Questionnaire, WHO Quality of life-BREF, Ways of Coping Checklist, Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and Knowledge of mental illness scale. Majority of the patients (N = 50) belonged to the stage-5 (Growth), and this was followed by those in the stage-4 (stage of rebuilding; N = 22) and stage-3 (stage of preparation; N = 16) of recovery. A higher stage of recovery was associated with lower stigma in all the domains except stigma resistance. Higher use of confrontative coping and accepting responsibility was associated with a higher score in the awareness stage of recovery. In terms of insight, higher awareness about the effect of medication was associated with a higher stage of recovery. Higher disability in the domain of self-care was seen in the lower stage of recovery. Better quality of life in the physical health domain was associated with being in a higher stage of recovery. To conclude, findings of the present study suggest that stigma plays a significant role in determining the outcome in the form of personal recovery. These findings suggest that to organize the services to promote personal recovery, clinicians should not only aim at symptom amelioration but also must focus on stigma to promote psychological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singla
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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23
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Jones M, Pietilä I. Personal perspectives on patient and public involvement - stories about becoming and being an expert by experience. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:809-824. [PMID: 32072657 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Patient and public involvement activities bring 'lay participants' and their accounts of lived experiences to the centre of health service development and delivery. For individuals, these accounts can provide an important resource, offering a sense of control and an opportunity to re-frame past events. Furthermore, as involvement activities and the use of personal accounts have become more prominent, it is timely to examine the involvement process from the perspective of the 'lay participants'. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore how people become involved and how they construct the accounts of their lived experience. We analyse the stories of people with lived mental illness or caring experiences, who have become experts by experience (n = 13). We argue that becoming an expert by experience can help to re-contextualise past experiences and support the re-discovery of skills and expertise, leading experts by experience to construct both professionalised and politicised identities. The process has the potential to enforce narratives that portray illness experiences as motivators for social action and change. Additionally, we claim that the stories experts by experience share with health services and the public are not 'lay accounts' or ad hoc tales, but accounts constructed to serve specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Jones
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pietilä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Wright AC, Mueser KT, McGurk SR, Fowler D, Greenwood KE. Cognitive and metacognitive factors predict engagement in employment in individuals with first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res Cogn 2020; 19:100141. [PMID: 31828018 PMCID: PMC6889423 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2019.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has demonstrated that cognitive abilities predict work outcomes in people with psychosis. Cognitive Remediation Programs go some way in improving work outcomes, but individuals still experience difficulty maintaining employment. Metacognition has been demonstrated to predict work performance in individuals with schizophrenia, but this has not yet been applied to First Episode Psychosis (FEP). This study assessed whether metacognition, intellectual aptitude and functional capacity can predict engagement in work and number of hours of work within FEP. METHODS Fifty-two individuals with psychosis, from an Early Intervention in Psychosis service, completed measures of IQ, metacognition (Metacognitive Assessment Interview), functional capacity (UPSA), and functional outcome (hours spent in structured activity per week, including employment). RESULTS Twenty-six participants (22 males, 4 females) were employed and twenty-six (22 males, 4 females) were not employed. IQ and metacognition were significantly associated with whether the individual was engaged in employment [IQ (p = .02) and metacognition (p = 006)]. When controlling for IQ, metacognition (differentiation subscale) remained significant (p = .04). Next, including only those employed, no cognitive nor metacognitive factors predicted number of hours in employment. DISCUSSION This is the first study to directly assess metacognition as a predictor of work hours for individuals with FEP. This study highlights the importance of enhancing metacognitive ability in order to improve likelihood of, and engagement in, employment for those with FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C. Wright
- University of Sussex, School of Psychology, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Swandean, West Sussex, United Kingdom
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial & Systemic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Kim T. Mueser
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan R. McGurk
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Fowler
- University of Sussex, School of Psychology, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Swandean, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E. Greenwood
- University of Sussex, School of Psychology, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Swandean, West Sussex, United Kingdom
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25
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Robertson S, Carpenter D, Donovan-Hall M, Bartlett R. Using lived experience to develop a personal narrative workshop programme in order to aid mental health recovery. J Ment Health 2019; 29:483-491. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1677877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Robertson
- Research & Development Department, Sussex Education Centre, Sussex Partnership Foundation Trust, Sussex, UK
| | - Diane Carpenter
- School of Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Maggie Donovan-Hall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Bartlett
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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26
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Pijnenborg GHM, de Vos AE, Timmerman ME, Van der Gaag M, Sportel BE, Arends J, Koopmans EM, Van der Meer L, Aleman A. Social cognitive group treatment for impaired insight in psychosis: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:362-369. [PMID: 30429078 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The majority of people with schizophrenia has impaired insight, which is related to a poorer outcome. In this study, we evaluate a new psychosocial intervention 'REFLEX' aimed at improving insight in people with schizophrenia. REFLEX focuses on targeting stigma-sensitivity, perspective taking and self-reflection in people with schizophrenia and low insight. Primary objective is to improve insight and subsequently to improve functional outcome and symptoms. METHOD A total of 121 people diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM IV criteria with impaired insight was included in 2012-2015 from seven sites in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. REFLEX was compared to an active control condition consisting of group-wise simplified cognitive remediation training. Primary outcome of the study were the preconditions of insight: internalized stigma, self-reflection, mental flexibility and perspective taking. Clinical insight and cognitive insight were secondary outcomes. RESULTS Although perspective taking, self-reflection, mental flexibility and stigma sensitivity remained unchanged after the intervention, results showed a significant improvement of clinical insight in both conditions directly after treatment (SAI-E Rater, p < .001, PANSS G12, p < .005) and at follow-up (SAI-E Rater, p < .01, SAI-E interview, p < .001, PANSS G12, p < .0001). Improvement of clinical insight directly after treatment was larger in the REFLEX condition (SAI-E Rater, p < .05). Other outcomes (self-esteem, quality of life and depression) remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Though insight improved in both conditions, REFLEX was not superior to simplified drill-and-practice cognitive remediation training. Nevertheless, this study indicates that structured interventions can significantly improve insight. Further research on the underlying mechanisms of both conditions is needed, as insight is unlikely to improve spontaneously in chronic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H M Pijnenborg
- Dept. of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ-Drenthe, Dennenweg 9, 9404 LA Assen, the Netherlands; Dept. of Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A E de Vos
- Dept. of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ-Drenthe, Dennenweg 9, 9404 LA Assen, the Netherlands
| | - M E Timmerman
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Van der Gaag
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Dept. of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - B E Sportel
- Dept. of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ-Drenthe, Dennenweg 9, 9404 LA Assen, the Netherlands
| | - J Arends
- Dept. of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ-Drenthe, Dennenweg 9, 9404 LA Assen, the Netherlands
| | - E M Koopmans
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Zuidlaren, the Netherlands
| | - L Van der Meer
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Zuidlaren, the Netherlands; Rob Giel Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Aleman
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, the Netherlands; Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Wright AC, Davies G, Fowler D, Greenwood K. Three-Year Follow-Up Study Exploring Metacognition and Function in Individuals With First Episode Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:182. [PMID: 31031648 PMCID: PMC6473558 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Research has demonstrated that functional outcome in psychosis is predicted by factors such as neurocognition, functional capacity, symptoms and, more recently, metacognition. Metacognitive ability has been demonstrated to mediate between neurocognition and functional outcome in First Episode Psychosis (FEP). Whether metacognition also predicts longer-term recovery in first episode psychosis is unknown. This study assessed whether neurocognition, functional capacity and metacognitive ability in FEP predicted functional outcome three years later. Methods: Eighty individuals with First Episode Psychosis were re-contacted after an average 3 years (range: 26-45 month follow-up) from baseline. Twenty-six participants (33%) completed completed measures of neurocognition, metacognition, functional capacity, functional outcome (hours spent in structured activity per week) and psychopathology at baseline and at follow-up. Results: Individual regression analyses demonstrated neurocognition, functional capacity, and metacognitive ability at baseline significantly predicted functional outcome at three years. However, when baseline functional outcome was controlled, only metacognitive ability was a significant predictor of change in functional outcome from baseline to follow-up, p < 0.001. This model explained 72% (adjusted r 2 = 0.69) of the variance in functional outcome at follow-up. Negative symptoms did not change the model. Discussion: This study demonstrated that better metacognitive ability significantly predicted improvement in functioning in FEP across a 3-year period. This highlights the potential value of clinical interventions that focus on improving metacognitive ability at first point of illness to maximize recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Wright
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, United Kingdom.,Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Geoff Davies
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - David Fowler
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Greenwood
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, United Kingdom
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Moernaut N, Vanheule S, Feyaerts J. Content Matters, a Qualitative Analysis of Verbal Hallucinations. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1958. [PMID: 30416463 PMCID: PMC6212510 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations have traditionally especially been researched from a form-based approach, with content getting much less attention. In this article, we argue for the importance of looking at content to get a fuller understanding of the hallucinatory experience. Guided by Lacanian psychoanalysis, we conducted a thematic and a narrative analysis on interviews with 10 schizophrenic patients about their hallucinations. We discerned five themes in the data, which were based on Lacanian theory and had to do with existential questions: parenthood and authority, sexuality and relationships, gender identity, life in the light of death, and what does the other want? Furthermore, we added a theme for unclassified content. Narratively, we found that participants constructed a story of four steps about their hallucinatory experiences. These steps were disturbing events in the past posing an existential question, triggering event, period of confusion, and hearing voices that allude to existential themes. Participants succeed in different degrees in integrating their hallucinatory experiences in their own life history. These stories can be situated on a continuum by making use of three prototypical narrating styles: the meta-delusional, delusional, and chaotic narrative type. Overall, our analysis shows that hallucinations can both be thematically and narratively organized, by making use of a theoretical framework like Lacanian psychoanalysis. Our research demonstrates that hallucinatory contents are not random but are about existential issues imbedded in a life narrative. Future research would benefit of integrating content and form-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Moernaut
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Clinical Consulting, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Vanheule
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Clinical Consulting, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Feyaerts
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Clinical Consulting, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Holm T, Thomsen DK, Bliksted V. Themes of unfulfilled agency and communion in life stories of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:772-778. [PMID: 30380593 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined themes of agency and communion in life stories of individuals with schizophrenia. Twenty-four individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 24 control participants matched on age, gender, and education described their life stories in a free format. The life stories were coded for the presence of agency and communion themes and whether or not the themes captured fulfillment of agency and communion needs. In addition, the temporal macrostructure was coded. Individuals with schizophrenia described their life stories with similar levels of temporal macrostructure as controls, but they expressed more themes focusing on unfulfilled agency and communion needs. We suggest possible avenues for using these insights to improve recovery in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Holm
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Risskov, Denmark.
| | | | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Risskov, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Villagonzalo KA, Leitan N, Farhall J, Foley F, McLeod B, Thomas N. Development and validation of a scale for self-efficacy for personal recovery in persisting mental illness. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:354-360. [PMID: 30173041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The personal recovery movement in mental health has emphasised consumers' individual responsibility and autonomy in defining and directing their own recovery journey. Self-efficacy, or an individual's belief that they can achieve their desired outcomes, is likely to be a key predictor of recovery success. However, there is no established measure of self-efficacy for personal recovery. The Self-Efficacy for Personal Recovery Scale was developed and its psychometric properties evaluated as part of a broader research program investigating a recovery-focused digital intervention in psychosis. Scale reliability and validity were investigated in a sample of 178 adults with persisting psychosis, and test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subset of 32 participants. The scale showed high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity, including correlating positively with hope, personal recovery, and generalised self-efficacy, whilst showing independence from social desirability, insight, and positive symptoms. This measure may be useful for research into the processes underlying recovery, and for understanding how self-efficacy for personal recovery may be enhanced in people with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi-Ann Villagonzalo
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Nuwan Leitan
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Farhall
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; NorthWestern Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Foley
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronte McLeod
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil Thomas
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia; Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University and The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Costa R, Bastos T, Probst M, Seabra A, Vilhena E, Corredeira R. Autonomous motivation and quality of life as predictors of physical activity in patients with schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018; 22:184-190. [PMID: 29421942 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2018.1435821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Being physically active is a complex behaviour in patients with schizophrenia. Several factors were identified as barriers to achieving active behaviours in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate among a number of barriers what predicts the most on physical activity (PA) in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 114 patients (28♀) with schizophrenia were included. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Autonomous and controlled motivation (Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire - 3), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-esteem scale), quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale - Brief version) and functional exercise capacity (6-minute walk test - 6MWT) were evaluated. Multiple Regression Analysis was applied to assess the effect of these variables on Total PA per week (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - short version). RESULTS Autonomous motivation and domains of quality of life were positively correlated with Total PA per week. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that of all the candidate factors to predict PA, autonomous motivation and global domain of quality of life were found as significant predictors. CONCLUSION Our findings help to understand the importance of autonomous motivation and quality of life for PA in patients with schizophrenia. Knowledge about these predictors may provide guidance to improve PA behaviour in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Costa
- a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Tânia Bastos
- b Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD , University Institute of Maia, ISMAI , Maia , Portugal
| | - Michel Probst
- d Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Adapted Physical Activity and Psychomotor Rehabilitation , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - André Seabra
- a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Estela Vilhena
- e Technology School, Polytechnic Institute of Cavado and Ave; EPIUnit-ISPUP , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Rui Corredeira
- a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Cartwright KA, Lecomte T, Corbière M, Lysaker P. Narrative development and supported employment of persons with severe mental illness. J Ment Health 2017. [PMID: 28644705 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1340606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: While the relationship between objective recovery and work among persons with severe mental illness (SMI) is well-established, few studies have examined the link between subjective recovery and employment.Aims: The study investigated the prospective relationship between narrative development at the start of supported employment (SE) and positive work outcomes.Methods: The authors employed a time-limited, mixed-method longitudinal design to examine the relationship between the baseline narrative development of 38 SE participants with SMI and employment outcomes eight months later, as well as whether narratives evolved over the course of the study.Results: While narrative development was unrelated to work for the 59% of participants who were employed at the end of the study, unemployed individuals showed more developed baseline narratives overall, as well as enriched baseline emotional connectedness and social worth. Higher emotional connectedness at the start of SE programs was predictive of fewer hours worked eight months later, controlling for executive functioning, negative symptoms and self-esteem. Although workers showed no narrative changes over time, those without work demonstrated increased agency over the eight months of the study.Conclusion: Further research is warranted to clarify the relationship between richer personal narratives and unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Lysaker
- Roudebush VA Medical Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the breadth of narrative studies on individuals with severe mental illness, the suitability of narrative inquiry to exploring mental health recovery (MHR) has not been examined. AIMS (1) Examining the appropriateness of narrative inquiry to studying MHR; (2) assessing the extent to which narrative studies on MHR conform to the unique features of narrative research, as a distinctive form of qualitative inquiry. METHODS Review of empirical, theoretical and methodological literature on recovery and narrative inquiry. RESULTS Considering the perspectives of recovery and narrative as paradigms, the similarity between their ontology and epistemology is shown, evident in 10 common emphases: meaning, identity, change and development, agency, holism, culture, uniqueness, context, language and giving voice. The resemblance between these "sister" paradigms makes narrative methodology especially fruitful for accessing the experiences of individuals in recovery. Reviewing narrative studies on MHR suggests that, currently, narrative research's uniqueness, centered on the holistic principle, is blurred on the philosophical, methodological and textual levels. CONCLUSIONS Well-established narrative research has major implications for practice and policy in recovery-oriented mental health care. The narrative inquiry paradigm offers a possible path to enhancing the distinctive virtues of this research, realizing its potential in understanding and promoting MHR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeny Knaifel
- b The Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
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Vass V, Sitko K, West S, Bentall RP. How stigma gets under the skin: the role of stigma, self-stigma and self-esteem in subjective recovery from psychosis. PSYCHOSIS-PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIAL AND INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2017.1300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vass
- Institute of Psychology, Health, & Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna Sitko
- Institute of Psychology, Health, & Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sophie West
- Institute of Psychology, Health, & Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard P. Bentall
- Institute of Psychology, Health, & Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To translate the Stages of Recovery Instrument (STORI) and evaluate its psychometric properties, demographic, and clinical correlates among patients with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The English version of the scale was translated into Hindi using the World Health Organization methodology. The Hindi version was completed by thirty patients with schizophrenia on two occasions, 4-7 days apart. Another thirty patients completed both Hindi and English version within a gap of 4-7 days. In addition, 100 patients completed the Hindi version of STORI once for studying the demographic and clinical correlates of recovery. RESULTS Hindi version of STORI demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.854) for the full scale and also for all the five stages of recovery (α = 0.745 to 0.756) as described in the scale. Split-half reliability of the scale was also good, as reflected by a high Spearman-Brown coefficient (0.781) and Guttmann's split-half coefficient (0.778). All the items of the scale showed high test-retest reliability and cross-language equivalence. Correlation between different stages and correlation between the allocated stage and different stages reflected good concurrent and construct validity of the subscales described as various stages of recovery. In general, demographic and clinical variables did not have any significant correlation with stages of recovery. However, those with lower level of general psychopathology scores showed significant correlation with higher stages of recovery. CONCLUSIONS Hindi version of STORI has good psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Life story chapters and narrative self-continuity in patients with schizophrenia. Conscious Cogn 2016; 45:60-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Allé MC, d'Argembeau A, Schneider P, Potheegadoo J, Coutelle R, Danion JM, Berna F. Self-continuity across time in schizophrenia: An exploration of phenomenological and narrative continuity in the past and future. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 69:53-61. [PMID: 27423345 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders of the self, such as a reduced sense of personal continuity in time, are a core symptom of schizophrenia, but one that is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated two complementary aspects of self-continuity, namely phenomenological and narrative continuity, in 27 patients with schizophrenia, and compared them with 27 control participants. METHODS Participants were asked to identify important past events and to narrate a story from their life that included these events. They were also asked to imagine important events that might happen in their personal future and to build a narrative of their future life. The vividness of these important life events and the proportion of self-event connections in the narratives were used as a measure of phenomenological and narrative continuity, respectively. RESULTS Our study showed patients with schizophrenia experienced less vivid representations of personally significant events (p = .02) for both temporal directions (past and future) (p < .001). In addition, their ability to make explicit connections between personal events and self-attributes in life narratives was also impaired (p = .03), but only in the case of past narratives (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These results shed new light on the cognitive mechanisms underlying self-disorders in schizophrenia. The clinical and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Allé
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A d'Argembeau
- Department of Psychology - Cognition and Behavior, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Schneider
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - J Potheegadoo
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - R Coutelle
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - J-M Danion
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - F Berna
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
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James AV, Hasson-Ohayon I, Vohs J, Minor KS, Leonhardt BL, Buck KD, George S, Lysaker PH. Metacognition moderates the relationship between dysfunctional self-appraisal and social functioning in prolonged schizophrenia independent of psychopathology. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 69:62-70. [PMID: 27423346 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both dysfunctional self-appraisal and metacognitive deficits, or impairments in the ability to form complex and integrated ideas about oneself and others, may contribute to social deficits in schizophrenia. Little is known, however, about how they interact with each other. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that both higher metacognition and more positive self-appraisal are necessary for increased social functioning. METHODS Concurrent assessments of self-appraisal, metacognition, and social functioning were gathered from 66 adults with schizophrenia in a non-acute phase of disorder. Three forms of self-appraisal were used: self-esteem, hope and self-efficacy. Metacognition was assessed using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated, and social functioning with the Quality of Life Scale. Measures of psychopathology, neurocognition and social cognition were also gathered for use as potential covariates. RESULTS A single index of self-appraisal was generated from subjecting the assessments of self-appraisal to a principal components analysis. Linear regression analyses revealed that after controlling for severity of psychopathology, metacognition moderated the effect of the self-appraisal factor score upon social functioning. A median split of metacognition and the self-appraisal index yielded four groups. ANCOVA analyses revealed that participants with higher levels of metacognition and more positive self-appraisal had greater capacities for social relatedness than all other participants, regardless of levels of positive and negative symptoms. Correlational analyses revealed that metacognition but not self-appraisal was related to the frequencies of social contact independent of the effects of psychopathology. Assessments of social cognition and neurocognition were not significantly linked with social dysfunction. CONCLUSION Greater social functioning is made possible by a combination of both more positive self-appraisals and greater metacognitive capacity. Individuals with schizophrenia who struggle to relate to others may benefit from interventions which address both their beliefs about themselves and their capacity for metacognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison V James
- Indiana State University, Department of Psychology, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | | | - Jenifer Vohs
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kyle S Minor
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bethany L Leonhardt
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University Psychotic Disorders Program
| | - Kelly D Buck
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sunita George
- University of Indianapolis, School of Psychological Science, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Gonçalves MM, Batista J, Freitas S. Narrative and Clinical Change in Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: A Comparison of Two Recovered Cases. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2016.1183537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Morrison AP, Law H, Barrowclough C, Bentall RP, Haddock G, Jones SH, Kilbride M, Pitt E, Shryane N, Tarrier N, Welford M, Dunn G. Psychological approaches to understanding and promoting recovery in psychosis and bipolar disorder: a mixed-methods approach. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundRecovery in mental health is a relatively new concept, but it is becoming more accepted that people can recover from psychosis. Recovery-orientated services are recommended for adult mental health, but with little evidence base to support this.ObjectivesTo facilitate understanding and promotion of recovery in psychosis and bipolar disorder (BD), in a manner that is empowering and acceptable to service users.MethodThere were six linked projects using qualitative and quantitative methodologies: (1) developing and piloting a service user-defined measure of recovery; (2) a Delphi study to determine levels of consensus around the concept of recovery; (3) examination of the psychological factors associated with recovery and how these fluctuate over time; (4) development and evaluation of cognitive–behavioural approaches to guided self-help including a patient preference trial (PPT); (5) development and evaluation of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for understanding and preventing suicide in psychosis including a randomised controlled trial (RCT); and (6) development and evaluation of a cognitive–behavioural approach to recovery in recent onset BD, including a RCT of recovery-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (RfCBT). Service user involvement was central to the programme.ResultsMeasurement of service user-defined recovery from psychosis (using the Subjective Experience of Psychosis Scale) and BD (using the Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire) was shown to be feasible and valid. The consensus study revealed a high level of agreement among service users for defining recovery, factors that help or hinder recovery and items which demonstrate recovery. Negative emotions, self-esteem and hope predicted recovery judgements, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, whereas positive symptoms had an indirect effect. In the PPT, 89 participants entered the study, three were randomised, 57 were retained in the trial until 15-month follow-up (64%). At follow-up there was no overall treatment effect on the primary outcome (Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery total;p = 0.82). In the suicide prevention RCT, 49 were randomised and 35 were retained at 6-month follow-up (71%). There were significant improvements in suicidal ideation [Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire; treatment effect = –12.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) –24.3 to –0.14], Suicide Probability Scale (SPS; treatment effect = –7.0, 95% CI –15.5 to 0) and hopelessness (subscale of the SPS; treatment effect = –3.8, 95% CI –7.3 to –0.5) at follow-up. In the RCT for BD, 67 participants were randomised and 45 were retained at the 12-month follow-up (67%). Recovery score significantly improved in comparison with treatment as usual (TAU) at follow-up (310.87, 95% CI 75.00 to 546.74). At 15-month follow-up, 32 participants had experienced a relapse of either depression or mania (20 TAU vs. 12 RfCBT). The difference in time to recurrence was significant (estimated hazard ratio 0.38, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.78;p < 0.006).ConclusionsThis research programme has improved our understanding of recovery in psychosis and BD. Key findings indicate that measurement of recovery is feasible and valid. It would be feasible to scale up the RCTs to assess effectiveness of our therapeutic approaches in larger full trials, and two of the studies (CBT for suicide prevention in psychosis and recovery in BD) found significant benefits on their primary outcomes despite limited statistical power, suggesting definitive trials are warranted.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Morrison
- Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Heather Law
- Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Richard P Bentall
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gillian Haddock
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Steven H Jones
- The Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Martina Kilbride
- Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth Pitt
- Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas Shryane
- School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas Tarrier
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mary Welford
- Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Graham Dunn
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Moe AM, Breitborde NJK, Shakeel MK, Gallagher CJ, Docherty NM. Idea density in the life-stories of people with schizophrenia: Associations with narrative qualities and psychiatric symptoms. Schizophr Res 2016; 172:201-5. [PMID: 26925799 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Disordered speech and language deficits are well-documented in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Researchers often assess speech samples using manualized rating systems, though recently computerized language assessment methods have been used more frequently in the study of speech from people with schizophrenia. Most typically, these computerized assessments measure aspects of expressivity (i.e., pause durations, prosody) or use word-count technology; less attention has focused on similar methods that can capture more sophisticated aspects of linguistic complexity (e.g., idea density). The primary objective of the present study was to assess idea density - via a computerized measure - in the life-story narratives of people with schizophrenia (n=32) compared to a group of community control participants (n=15). In the schizophrenia group, we also examined associations between idea density, narrative qualities rated via a manualized measure, and psychiatric symptoms. Our findings indicate that idea density is diminished in individuals with schizophrenia compared to controls. Further, our results suggest that though people with schizophrenia with richer idea density tended to have more developed insight into illness, they also had higher levels of depression, anxiety, and avolition. Implications of these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Moe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Nicholas J K Breitborde
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Moran G, Russo-Netzer P. Understanding Universal Elements in Mental Health Recovery: A Cross-Examination of Peer Providers and a Non-Clinical Sample. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:273-87. [PMID: 25667162 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315570124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In our study, we examined underlying human elements embedded in mental health recovery, by exploring shared positive change among peer providers with serious mental illnesses in recovery and a normative sample in spiritual growth following adversity. We conducted secondary analysis based on two independent qualitative study samples consisting of 31 American peer providers and 27 Israeli adults. We identified three shared and two distinct enablers of positive change: peer groups, significant mentor, self-transcendent experiences. Distinct enablers were having meaningful task/role (clinical sample) and deliberate choice to commit to change in face of uncertainty (non-clinical sample). Enablers facilitated positive processes of meaning making and enhancement of agency. Enablers provided opportunities to which the person responded and made use of--thus, enacting a positive reinforcement of change processes. The findings highlight the value of examining mental health recovery in a broad holistic perspective and have implications for practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Moran
- The Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Pninit Russo-Netzer
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Andrade MCR, Slade M, Bandeira M, Evans-Lacko S, Komaroff J, Martin D, Mari JDJ, Andreoli SB. Subjective distress in a representative sample of outpatients with psychotic disorders. J Affect Disord 2016; 189:220-3. [PMID: 26451507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The affective burden of psychotic disorder has been increasingly recognised. However, subjective reports of distress and its covariates, especially those related to service use, remain under-investigated in patients with psychosis. METHODS This study investigated subjective distress and its covariates in a representative sample of 401 outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of psychotic disorders in Brazil. Distress was assessed using the corresponding domain of a standardised measure of need - the Camberwell Assessment of Need. RESULTS Distress was reported as a need by 165 (41%) patients, being met in 78 (20%) and unmet in 87 (22%). Hierarchical logistic regression showed that the presence of distress as a need was predicted by attendance at psychotherapy (OR=3.49, CI=1.62-7.53), presence of suicidal ideation (OR=2.89, CI=1.75-4.79), non-attendance at psychosocial rehabilitation (OR=2.84, CI=1.31-6.19), and higher psychopathology (OR=1.09, CI=1.06-1.12). An unmet need was predicted by family not accompanying patients to treatment (OR=2.60, CI=1.05-6.44) and higher psychopathology (OR=1.05, CI=1.02-1.09). LIMITATION The use of a cross-sectional design and a single questionnaire domain to evaluate distress are the main limitations. CONCLUSIONS Subjective distress is a common unmet need in psychosis, and can be treated. The main clinical implication is that subjective distress in psychosis may be impacted on by family engagement and psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário César Rezende Andrade
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Borges Lagoa, 570, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04038-020, Brazil; King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Mike Slade
- King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Marina Bandeira
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK; London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Janina Komaroff
- Centre de Recherche de Montréal sur les Inégalités Sociales et les Discriminations (CREMIS), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denise Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Borges Lagoa, 570, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04038-020, Brazil; Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Borges Lagoa, 570, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04038-020, Brazil; King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Sérgio Baxter Andreoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Borges Lagoa, 570, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04038-020, Brazil; Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, Brazil
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Hamm JA, Leonhardt BL. The Role of Interpersonal Connection, Personal Narrative, and Metacognition in Integrative Psychotherapy for Schizophrenia: A Case Report. J Clin Psychol 2015; 72:132-41. [PMID: 26662610 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The recovery movement has not only challenged traditional pessimism regarding schizophrenia but also presented opportunities for the possibilities for psychotherapy for people with the disorder. Though in the past psychotherapy models were often pitted against one another, recently there have been emergent reports of a range of integrative models sharing an emphasis on recovery and a number of conceptual elements. These shared elements include attention to the importance of interpersonal processes, personal narrative, and metacognition, with interest in their role in not only the disorder but also the processes by which people pursue recovery. This article explores one application of this framework in the psychotherapy of a woman with prolonged experience of schizophrenia and significant functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Hamm
- Midtown Community Mental Health Center, Eskenazi Health
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Hinzen W, Rosselló J. The linguistics of schizophrenia: thought disturbance as language pathology across positive symptoms. Front Psychol 2015; 6:971. [PMID: 26236257 PMCID: PMC4503928 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that linguistic (dis-)organization in the schizophrenic brain plays a more central role in the pathogenesis of this disease than commonly supposed. Against the standard view, that schizophrenia is a disturbance of thought or selfhood, we argue that the origins of the relevant forms of thought and selfhood at least partially depend on language. The view that they do not is premised by a theoretical conception of language that we here identify as 'Cartesian' and contrast with a recent 'un-Cartesian' model. This linguistic model empirically argues for both (i) a one-to-one correlation between human-specific thought or meaning and forms of grammatical organization, and (ii) an integrative and co-dependent view of linguistic cognition and its sensory-motor dimensions. Core dimensions of meaning mediated by grammar on this model specifically concern forms of referential and propositional meaning. A breakdown of these is virtually definitional of core symptoms. Within this model the three main positive symptoms of schizophrenia fall into place as failures in language-mediated forms of meaning, manifest either as a disorder of speech perception (Auditory Verbal Hallucinations), abnormal speech production running without feedback control (Formal Thought Disorder), or production of abnormal linguistic content (Delusions). Our hypothesis makes testable predictions for the language profile of schizophrenia across symptoms; it simplifies the cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia while not being inconsistent with a pattern of neurocognitive deficits and their correlations with symptoms; and it predicts persistent findings on disturbances of language-related circuitry in the schizophrenic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Hinzen
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis AvançatsBarcelona, Spain
- Department of Philosophy, University of DurhamDurham, UK
- Department of Linguistics, Grammar & Cognition Lab, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Rosselló
- Department of Linguistics, Grammar & Cognition Lab, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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Bourdeau G, Lecomte T, Lysaker PH. Stages of recovery in early psychosis: Associations with symptoms, function, and narrative development. Psychol Psychother 2015; 88:127-42. [PMID: 25139504 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to explore the links between recovery stages, symptoms, function, and narrative development among individuals with a recent onset of psychosis. DESIGN A qualitative longitudinal study was conducted including quantitative data at baseline. METHODS Forty-seven participants were administered the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview three times over 9 months and content analysis was performed. Participants also completed the Social Functioning Scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale--Expanded, the California Verbal Learning Test, and the Trailing Making Test at baseline. Descriptive discriminant analysis was performed. RESULTS Results suggested that participants were mostly in the first two stages of recovery (moratorium, awareness) and that being in the awareness, rather than moratorium, stage was associated, to a different extent, with richer narrative development, better levels of psychosocial function, less negative and positive symptoms, and more years of education. Furthermore, recovery appeared to be a stable process over the assessment period. CONCLUSIONS Recovery is a complex concept including objective and subjective aspects. In the recovery path of persons recently diagnosed with psychosis, social engagement, narrative development, and occupational functioning seem to be particularly important aspects. This study is a first step, and future research is needed with larger and more diverse participant pools, and assessments conducted over longer periods of time. PRACTITIONER POINTS As greater level of social engagement was the most robust predictor of membership in the awareness versus moratorium stage, treatment of early psychosis should include interventions targeting social relations and social skills. As greater narrative development was the second most robust predictor, enhancing it via psychotherapy could be a pertinent clinical goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Lecomte
- Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Jose D, Ramachandra, Lalitha K, Gandhi S, Desai G, Nagarajaiah. Consumer perspectives on the concept of recovery in schizophrenia: A systematic review. Asian J Psychiatr 2015; 14:13-8. [PMID: 25703654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Subjective descriptions of recovery from schizophrenia may be different from clinical recovery measures. The aim of the review was to identify the consumer perspectives of recovery from schizophrenia. Twenty-five studies within the period of 2000-2013, including qualitative and quantitative studies were reviewed by using different search strategies. An integrated method was used and the findings were coded and related themes were identified under five areas, namely, process orientation, self orientation, family orientation, social orientation, and illness orientation. Recovery was considered as both process and outcome. Patient or client-based definitions of recovery mainly involved factors related to personal wellbeing and social inclusion, that were seemingly distant from the clinical recovery measures. Incorporating consumer descriptions of recovery in recovery oriented services can increase the outcome of the services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksy Jose
- Govt Mental Health Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
| | - Ramachandra
- Department of Nursing, NIMHANS (INI), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
| | - K Lalitha
- Department of Nursing, NIMHANS (INI), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sailaxmi Gandhi
- Department of Nursing, NIMHANS (INI), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
| | - Geetha Desai
- Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS (INI), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
| | - Nagarajaiah
- Department of Nursing, NIMHANS (INI), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
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Mizuno E, Iwasaki M, Sakai I, Kamizawa N. Experiences of community-dwelling persons recovering from severe mental illness. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2015; 29:127-31. [PMID: 25858206 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study explored experiences of recovery from severe mental illness based on semi-structured interviews with sixteen persons diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using psychiatric rehabilitation facilities. The participants' transcripts revealed two major themes: (1) ongoing efforts to live better and (2) inconsistent self-acceptance as a person living with a mental illness. The participants were aware of their responsibility to live with integrity. They all had hopes and goals, were able to respond to social cues, and considered what they could do independently. They wanted to be recognized as people who adapted successfully in society while inconsistently perceiving themselves as either sick or healthy. It is necessary to examine approaches that support the identities of persons who have been treated for schizophrenia and allow them to live comfortable within their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Mizuno
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato Chuoshi Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Misuzu Iwasaki
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Iida Women's Junior College, 610 Matuoyoda Iidashi Nagano, Japan.
| | - Ikue Sakai
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato Chuoshi Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Naotoshi Kamizawa
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato Chuoshi Yamanashi, Japan.
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Giusti L, Ussorio D, Tosone A, Di Venanzio C, Bianchini V, Necozione S, Casacchia M, Roncone R. Is personal recovery in schizophrenia predicted by low cognitive insight? Community Ment Health J 2015; 51:30-7. [PMID: 25064088 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-014-9767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recovery is a widely discussed concept in the field of research, treatment, and public policy regarding serious mental illness, and mainly schizophrenia. Aim of our study was to assess the relationship between personal recovery and prediction variables, as psychopathology, neurocognition, clinical and cognitive insight, and social functioning in inpatients affected by schizophrenia, with a special interest on cognitive insight. We assessed 76 inpatients affected by schizophrenia at their hospital discharge. Instruments included the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, the Insight Scale and the Recovery Assessment Scale to assess the cognitive and clinical insight, and personal recovery. The neurocognitive assessment was represented by a single factor score produced by a principal components analysis of a neurocognitive test battery. Social functioning was measured also. Low self-reflectiveness of cognitive insight represented the best predictors of personal recovery. The relationship between cognitive insight and recovery found in this study may contribute to develop tailored interventions, taking into account the personal sense of recovery, despite the psychopathological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giusti
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Ringer JM, Buchanan EE, Olesek K, Lysaker PH. Anxious and avoidant attachment styles and indicators of recovery in schizophrenia: associations with self-esteem and hope. Psychol Psychother 2014; 87:209-21. [PMID: 23913519 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Having an insecure attachment style in schizophrenia has been linked to treatment response and symptom severity in schizophrenia. This study sought to further examine whether attachment style is related to subjective indicators of recovery including hope and self-esteem, independent of symptom level and secondly, whether attachment style in schizophrenia differs from attachment style of persons facing adversity in the form of a prolonged non-psychiatric medical illness. DESIGN Participants were 52 men with schizophrenia, and 26 with HIV/AIDS who had no history of experiencing severe mental illness. These groups were compared in terms of their endorsement of attachment style. METHODS All participants were administered the Experiences in Close Relationships measure of adult attachment style. The schizophrenia group was also given the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to assess self-esteem, the Beck Hopelessness Scale as a measure of hope, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, as an assessment of symptoms. RESULTS Avoidant attachment in the schizophrenia group was linked with higher levels of hopelessness while anxious attachment was linked to lower levels of self-esteem. The association between anxious attachment and self-esteem persisted after controlling for severity of positive, negative, and depressive symptoms in a stepwise multiple regression analyses. Compared to the HIV/AIDS group, participants with schizophrenia had significantly higher levels of anxious attachment but not avoidant attachment style. CONCLUSIONS Attachment style may impact attainment of key subjective domains of recovery in schizophrenia such as self-esteem, independent of symptom severity. PRACTITIONER POINTS If self-esteem and/or hopelessness are identified as a focus of treatment, focusing on attachment style may be an important treatment component. Therapist understanding of patients' attachment style may allow for a better understanding of resistance in the therapeutic relationship. Helping persons with schizophrenia to recognize and change how they tend to relate to others may promote gains in subjective elements of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Ringer
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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