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Lykos C, Bairamis F, Efthymiou C, Konstantinou I. Synthesis and Characterization of Composite WO 3 Fibers/g-C 3N 4 Photocatalysts for the Removal of the Insecticide Clothianidin in Aquatic Media. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1045. [PMID: 38921921 PMCID: PMC11206630 DOI: 10.3390/nano14121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a prominent alternative wastewater treatment technique that has the potential to completely degrade pesticides as well as other persistent organic pollutants, leading to detoxification of wastewater and thus paving the way for its efficient reuse. In addition to the more conventional photocatalysts (e.g., TiO2, ZnO, etc.) that utilize only UV light for activation, the interest of the scientific community has recently focused on the development and application of visible light-activated photocatalysts like g-C3N4. However, some disadvantages of g-C3N4, such as the high recombination rate of photogenerated charges, limit its utility. In this light, the present study focuses on the synthesis of WO3 fibers/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunctions to improve the efficiency of g-C3N4 towards the photocatalytic removal of the widely used insecticide clothianidin. The effect of two different g-C3N4 precursors (urea and thiourea) and of WO3 fiber content on the properties of the synthesized composite materials was also investigated. All aforementioned materials were characterized by a number of techniques (XRD, SEM-EDS, ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, DRS, etc.). According to the results, mixing 6.5% W/W WO3 fibers with either urea or thiourea derived g-C3N4 significantly increased the photocatalytic activity of the resulting composites compared to the precursor materials. In order to further elucidate the effect of the most efficient composite photocatalyst in the degradation of clothianidin, the generated transformation products were tentatively identified through UHPLC tandem high-resolution mass spectroscopy. Finally, the detoxification effect of the most efficient process was also assessed by combining the results of an in-vitro methodology and the predictions of two in-silico tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Lykos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Feidias Bairamis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Christina Efthymiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.E.)
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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2
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John KI, Ho G, Li D. Recent progresses in synthesis and modification of g-C 3N 4 for improving visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:3047-3078. [PMID: 38877630 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a widely studied visible-light-active photocatalyst for low cost, non-toxicity, and facile synthesis. Nonetheless, its photocatalytic efficiency is below par, due to fast recombination of charge carriers, low surface area, and insufficient visible light absorption. Thus, the research on the modification of g-C3N4 targeting at enhanced photocatalytic performance has attracted extensive interest. A considerable amount of review articles have been published on the modification of g-C3N4 for applications. However, limited effort has been specially contributed to providing an overview and comparison on available modification strategies for improved photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4-based catalysts in antibiotics removal. There has been no attempt on the comparison of photocatalytic performances in antibiotics removal between modified g-C3N4 and other known catalysts. To address these, our study reviewed strategies that have been reported to modify g-C3N4, including metal/non-metal doping, defect tuning, structural engineering, heterostructure formation, etc. as well as compared their performances for antibiotics removal. The heterostructure formation was the most widely studied and promising route to modify g-C3N4 with superior activity. As compared to other known photocatalysts, the heterojunction g-C3N4 showed competitive performances in degradation of selected antibiotics. Related mechanisms were discussed, and finally, we revealed current challenges in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Igenepo John
- College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Goen Ho
- College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Dan Li
- College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia E-mail:
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Tan H, Si W, Peng W, Chen X, Liu X, You Y, Wang L, Hou F, Liang J. Flexo-/Piezoelectric Polarization Boosting Exciton Dissociation in Curved Two-Dimensional Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10571-10578. [PMID: 37929933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) carbon nitride (CN) materials have received tremendous attention as photocatalysts for clean energy and environmental treatment. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of CN is constrained by the high exciton binding energy and sluggish charge kinetics due to weak dielectric screening, impeding the overall process. Herein, localized flexo-/piezoelectric polarization is introduced via strain engineering, boosting exciton dissociation and promoting charge separation to enhance the multielectron photocatalytic process. Consequently, the exciton binding energy of polarized CN is reduced from 52 to 34 meV, and the hydrogen evolution yield increased by 2.9 times compared to that of the pristine CN. For other photocatalytic reactions (e.g., H2O2 production), the polarized CN also maintained a 2.1-fold increase compared to the pristine CN. This strategy of inducing localized polarization via strain engineering provides new insights for boosting photocatalytic reactions involving electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Si
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Dingzigu Road 1, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong You
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Applied Physics Department, College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Faisal M, Ahmed J, Jalalah M, Alsareii SA, Alsaiari M, Harraz FA. Rapid elimination of antibiotic gemifloxacin mesylate and methylene blue over Pt nanoparticles dispersed chitosan/g-C 3N 4 ternary visible light photocatalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:61710-61725. [PMID: 36933133 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate material selection and proper understanding of bandgap modification are key factors for the development of efficient photocatalysts. Herein, we developed an efficient, well-organized visible light oriented photocatalyst based on g-C3N4 in association with polymeric network of chitosan (CTSN) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles utilizing a straightforward chemical approach. Modern techniques like XRD, XPS, TEM, FESEM, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy were exploited for characterization of synthesized materials. XRD results confirmed the involvement of α-polymorphic form of CTSN in graphitic carbon nitride. XPS investigation confirmed the establishment of trio photocatalytic structure among Pt, CTSN, and g-C3N4. TEM examination showed that the synthesized g-C3N4 possesses fine fluffy sheets like structure (100 to 500 nm in size) intermingled with a dense layered framework of CTSN with good dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on g-C3N4 and CTSN composite structure. The bandgap energies for g-C3N4, CTSN/g-C3N4, and Pt@ CTSN/g-C3N4 photocatalysts were found to be 2.94, 2.73, and 2.72 eV, respectively. The photodegradation skills of each created structure have been examined on antibiotic gemifloxacin mesylate and methylene blue (MB) dye. The newly developed Pt@CTSN/g-C3N4 ternary photocatalyst was found to be efficacious for the elimination of gemifloxacin mesylate (93.3%) in 25 min and MB (95.2%) just in 18 min under visible light. Designed Pt@CTSN/g-C3N4 ternary photocatalytic framework exhibited ⁓ 2.20 times more effective than bare g-C3N4 for the destruction of antibiotic drug. This study provides a simple route towards the designing of rapid, effective visible light oriented photocatalyts for the existing environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faisal
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahir Ahmed
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed A Alsareii
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabkhoot Alsaiari
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah, 68342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A Harraz
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah, 68342, Saudi Arabia.
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Li H, Wang J, Yue D, Wang J, Tang C, Zhang L. The Adsorption Behaviors and Mechanisms of Humic Substances by Thermally Oxidized Graphitic Carbon Nitride. TOXICS 2023; 11:369. [PMID: 37112596 PMCID: PMC10142187 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermal oxidation is efficient for enhancing the photocatalysis performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), while its effect on adsorption performance has not been fully studied, which is crucial to the application of g-C3N4 as adsorbents and photocatalysts. In this study, thermal oxidation was used to prepare sheet-like g-C3N4 (TCN), and its application for adsorption of humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) was evaluated. The results showed that thermal oxidation clearly affected the properties of TCN. After thermal oxidation, the adsorption performance of TCN was enhanced significantly, and the adsorption amount of HA increased from 63.23 (the bulk g-C3N4) to 145.35 mg/g [TCN prepared at 600 °C (TCN-600)]. Based on fitting results using the Sips model, the maximum adsorption amounts of TCN-600 for HA and FA were 327.88 and 213.58 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption for HA and FA was markedly affected by pH, alkaline, and alkaline earth metals due to electrostatic interactions. The major adsorption mechanisms included electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, along with a special pH-dependent conformation (for HA). These findings implied that TCN prepared from environmental-friendly thermal oxidation showed promising prospects for humic substances (HSs) adsorption in natural water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Li
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Dongbei Yue
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chu Tang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyue Zhang
- School of Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Liu Q, Hou J, Zeng Y, Xia J, Miao L, Wu J. Integrated photocatalysis and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for treating conventional and emerging organic pollutants from synthetic wastewater: Performances and microbial community responses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128530. [PMID: 36574888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concern for emerging organic pollutants (e.g. antibiotics) urges improvements in conventional biological wastewater treatment processes. This study examined the performance of an integrated photocatalysis and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system in treating synthetic wastewater containing sulfamethoxazole (SMX). It was found that the integrated system could remove over 80.5 % of SMX and 67.7-80.7 % of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with a hydraulic retention time of 24 h. The introduction of photocatalysis had no impact on COD removal and significantly enhanced SMX removal. High-throughput analysis indicated that microbial community greatly altered due to photocatalytic oxidation stress, with clostridiaceae and enterobacteriaceae becoming dominant families. Nevertheless, microorganisms maintained metabolic activity, which may be ascribed to the protection of carriers and microbial self-preservation by secreting extracellular polymeric substances and antioxidant enzymes. Collectively, this study sheds light on treating wastewater containing conventional and emerging organic pollutants by integrating photocatalysis with MBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jun Xia
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Facile Synthesis of Poly(o-anisidine)/Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Zinc Oxide Composite for Photo-Catalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing industry and its effluents create a serious environmental concern. Various industrial wastes such as toxic dyes and volatile organic compounds are posing a threat to a clean environment because of their non-biodegradable nature and high chemical stability. In recent years, the degradation of toxic dyes and drugs by photo-catalysts has gained much importance and proved a successful approach to capture light by hybrid photo-catalysts for decomposing toxic organic molecules. This work presents the synthesis of a poly(o-anisidine)-based composite with graphitic carbon nitride and zinc oxide (POA/g-C3N4/ZnO) and its utilization as a photo-catalyst. Various analytical techniques investigated the synthesized photo-catalysts’ chemical structure, crystallinity, and morphology. The degradation of Congo red dye evaluated the efficiency of the photo-catalyst in an aqueous medium under ultraviolet light. It was revealed that the photo-catalytic activity of the synthesized POA/g-C3N4/ZnO composites show 81.43%, 92.28%, and 87.05% degradation. This sustainable composite will be highly beneficial to treat industrial wastewater to make our environment clean.
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Qamar MA, Javed M, Shahid S, Shariq M, Fadhali MM, Ali SK, Khan MS. Synthesis and applications of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) based membranes for wastewater treatment: A critical review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12685. [PMID: 36660457 PMCID: PMC9842699 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconducting membrane combined with nanomaterials is an auspicious combination that may successfully eliminate diverse waste products from water while consuming little energy and reducing pollution. Creating an inexpensive, steady, flexible, and diversified business material for membrane production is a critical challenge in membrane technology development. Because of its unusual structure and high catalytic activity, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has come out as a viable material for membranes. Furthermore, their great durability, high permanency under challenging environments, and long-term use without decrease in flux are significant advantages. The advanced material techniques used to manage the molecular assembly of g-C3N4 for separation membrane were detailed in this review work. The progress in using g-C3N4-based membranes for water treatment has been detailed in this presentation. The review delivers an updated description of g-C3N4 based membranes and their separation functions and new ideas for future enhancements/adjustments to address their weaknesses in real-world situations. Finally, the ongoing problems and promising future research directions for g-C3N4-based membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azam Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Mohsin Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Sammia Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shariq
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Fadhali
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, 70270, Yemen
| | - Syed Kashif Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Shakir Khan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Al- Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al- Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
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Shi Z, Rao L, Wang P, Zhang L. Influences of different carbon substrates on the morphologies of carbon/g-C 3N 4 photocatalytic composites and the purification capacities of different composites in the weak UV underwater environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136257. [PMID: 36057358 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the influence of various carbon introduction on the morphology and photodegradation performance of C/g-C3N4 composites, three kinds of different carbon materials: carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene (GN) and carbon fibers (CF) were introduced to modify g-C3N4, and the morphologies, light absorption capacities and the underwater purifications of the composite photocatalysts were investigated. Results showed that the composites synthesized with different carbon substrates shows great differences in growth morphology. In addition, the introduction of various carbon sources also has a great impact on the physical and chemical properties of the composites. Compared with GN/g-C3N4 and CF/g-C3N4, CNT/g-C3N4 shows strong light absorption ability, especially in long-wavelength region (570-660 nm). To further study the difference of degradation ability of the composites in the underwater environment, the purification performance of modified g-C3N4 at different water depths were carried out. The results show that under 40 cm of water, where the light intensity and ultra violet spectral are seriously attenuated, the purification efficiency of CNT/g-C3N4 at 40 cm is 3.35 times than that of g-C3N4. This work provides insight in the design of highly efficient metal-free photocatalysts for the environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lei Rao
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Dong J, Li G, Gao J, Zhang H, Bi S, Liu S, Liao C, Jiang G. Catalytic degradation of brominated flame retardants in the environment: New techniques and research highlights. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157695. [PMID: 35908699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extensive commercial use of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), human beings are chronically exposed to BFRs, causing great harms to human health, which imposes urgent demands to degrade them in the environment. Among various degradation techniques, catalytic degradation has been proven to be outstanding because of its rapidness and effectiveness. Therefore, much attention has been given to catalytic degradation, especially the extensively studied photocatalytic degradation and nanocatalytic reduction techniques. Recently, some novel advanced catalytic techniques have been developed and show excellent catalytic degradation efficiency for BFRs, including natural substances catalytic degradation, new Fenton catalytic degradation, new chemical reagent catalytic degradation, new material catalytic degradation, electrocatalytic degradation, plasma catalytic degradation, and composite catalytic degradation systems. In addition to the common features of traditional catalytic techniques, these novel techniques possess their own specific advantages in various aspects. Therefore, this review summarized the degradation mechanism of BFRs by the above new catalytic degradation methods under the laboratory conditions, simulated real environment, and real environment conditions, and further evaluated their advantages and disadvantages, aiming to provide some research ideas for the catalytic degradation of BFRs in the environment in the future. We suggested that more attention should focus on features of novel catalytic techniques, including eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and pragmatic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shihao Bi
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Fu C, Xu X, Zheng C, Liu X, Zhao D, Qiu W. Photocatalysis of aqueous PFOA by common catalysts of In 2O 3, Ga 2O 3, TiO 2, CeO 2 and CdS: influence factors and mechanistic insights. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2943-2953. [PMID: 35064382 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gallium oxide (Ga2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), cerium dioxide (CeO2), indium oxide (In2O3) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) were commonly used under UV light as photocatalysis system for the pollutants' degradation. In this study, these five catalysts were applied for the photodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a well-known perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). As a result, the PFOA photodegradation performance was sequenced as: Ga2O3 > TiO2 > CeO2 > In2O3 > CdS. To further explain the photocatalysis mechanism, the effects of initial pH, photon energy and band gap were evaluated. The initial pH of 3 ± 0.2 hinders the catalytic reaction of CdS, resulting in low degradation of PFOA, while it has no significant effect on Ga2O3, TiO2, CeO2 and In2O3. In addition, quantum yield was sequenced as TiO2 > CeO2 > Ga2O3 > In2O3, which may not be the main factor determining the degradation effect. Notably, the band gap energy from large to narrow was as: Ga2O3 > TiO2 > CeO2 > In2O3 > CdS, which exactly matched their degradation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Fu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiuru Xu
- School of Agricultural and Biological Technology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Zhejiang, 325006, China.
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, PO Box 15200, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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12
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Hasija V, Raizada P, Thakur VK, Ahamad T, Alshehri SM, Thakur S, Nguyen VH, Van Le Q, Singh P. An overview on photocatalytic sulfate radical formation via doped graphitic carbon nitride for water remediation. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Yin S, Villagrán D. Design of nanomaterials for the removal of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water: Strategies, mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154939. [PMID: 35367257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their persistent and pervasive distribution and their adverse effects on human health, the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from the environment has been the focus of current research. Recent studies have shown that engineered nanomaterials provide great opportunities for their removal by chemical, physical and electrochemical adsorption methods, or as photo- or electrocatalysts that promote their degradation. This review summarizes and discusses the performance of recently reported nanomaterials towards PFAS removal in water treatment applications. We discuss the performance, mechanisms, and PFAS removal conditions of a variety of nanomaterials, including carbon-based, non-metal, single-metal, and multi-metal nanomaterials. We show that nanotechnology provides significant opportunities for PFAS remediation and further nanomaterial development can provide solutions for the removal of PFAS from the environment. We also provide an overview of the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), USA
| | - Dino Villagrán
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), USA.
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14
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Cao S, Zhang Y, Ding K, Xu J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xie X, Wang H. Efficient visible light driven degradation of antibiotic pollutants by oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride via the homogeneous supramolecular assembly of urea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112920. [PMID: 35167850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (CN), as a non-metal material, has emerged as a promising photocatalyst to address environmental issues with the favorable band gap and chemical stability. The porous oxygen-doped CN nanosheets (CNO) were synthesized by an ecofriendly and efficient self-assembled approach using a sole urea as the precursor. The CNO photocatalysts were derived from the hydrogen-bonded cyanuric acid-urea supramolecular complex, which were obtained by pretreatment of urea at high temperature and pressure. The homogeneous supramolecular assembly was advantageous to the formation of uniform porous and oxygen-doped CN nanosheets. The formation process of the supramolecular intermediate and the CNO nanosheets were investigated. Moreover, doping amount of O in CNO could be controlled by the time of the high-pressure thermal polymerization of urea. The characterization results shown that the O atoms were successfully doped into the framework of CN by substitution the N atoms to form the C-O structures. The obtained CNO photocatalysts demonstrated the excellent visible-light photocatalytic performances for sulfamerazine (SMR) degradation, which was ascribed to synergistic interaction of porous structure and O doping. The degradation intermediates of SMR were identified and the degradation pathway were also proposed. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations proved that O doping changed the electronic structure of CN, resulting in more easier to activate O2. This work provides a novel perceptive for the development of high-performance nonmetal photocatalysts by using the homogeneous supramolecular assembly, which exhibits great potential in the environmental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Cao
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Keqiang Ding
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Jiangxi Nanxin Environmental Protection Technology Co. LTD, Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province, 330300, China.
| | - Huiya Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China.
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15
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Mei X, Chen S, Wang G, Chen W, Lu W, Zhang B, Fang Y, Qi C. Metal-free carboxyl modified g-C3N4 for enhancing photocatalytic degradation activity of organic pollutants through peroxymonosulfate activation in wastewater under solar radiation. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Qiu X, Wan Z, Pu M, Xu X, Ye Y, Hu C. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Pt-Deposited TiO2 Nanotubes (TNT) for Rhodamine B Degradation. Front Chem 2022; 10:922701. [PMID: 35711961 PMCID: PMC9194477 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.922701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dye wastewater has attracted more and more attention because of its high environmental risk. In this study, a novel TiO2 nanotube (TNT) catalyst was prepared and its morphology and structure were characterized. The synthetic catalyst was used to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV light and evaluated for the application performance. According to the characterization results and degradation properties, the optimum synthetic conditions were selected as 400°C calcination temperature and 10 wt% Pt deposition. As a result, the degradation efficacies were sequenced as TNT-400-Pt > TNT-500-Pt > TNT-400 > TNT-300-Pt. In addition, the effect of pH and initial concentration of RhB were explored, and their values were both increased with the decreased degradation efficacy. While the moderate volume of 11 mm of H2O2 addition owned better performance than that of 0, 6, and 15 mm. Scavengers such as tertbutanol (t-BuOH), disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-Na2), and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) were added during the catalytic process and it proved that superoxide radical anions (O2–•), photogenerated hole (h+) and hydroxyl radical (OH•) were the main active species contributing for RhB removal. For the application, TNT-Pt could deal with almost 100% RhB, Orange G (OG), Methylene blue (MB), and Congo red (CR) within 70 min and still kept more than 50% RhB removal in the fifth recycling use. Therefore, TNT-Pt synthesized in this study is potential to be applied to the dye wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Qiu
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenning Wan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Pu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiuru Xu
- School of Agricultural and Biological Technology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuru Xu, ; Chunhua Hu,
| | - Yuanyao Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuru Xu, ; Chunhua Hu,
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17
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Agrawal S, Vasenko AS, Trivedi DJ, Prezhdo OV. Charge carrier nonadiabatic dynamics in non-metal doped graphitic carbon nitride. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:094702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) has attracted significant attention due to its excellent performance in photocatalytic applications. Non-metal doping of GCN has been widely used to improve the efficiency of the material as a photocatalyst. Using a combination of time-domain density functional theory with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we study the charge carrier dynamics in oxygen and boron doped GCN systems. The reported simulations provide a detailed time-domain mechanistic description of the charge separation and recombination processes that are of fundamental importance while evaluating the photovoltaic and photocatalytic performance of the material. The appearance of smaller energy gaps due to the presence of dopant states improves the visible light absorption range of the doped systems. At the same time, the nonradiative lifetimes are shortened in the doped systems as compared to the pristine GCN. In the case of boron doped at a carbon (B–C–GCN), the charge recombination time is very long as compared to the other two doped systems owing to the smaller electron–phonon coupling strength between the valence band maximum and the trap state. The results suggest B–C–GCN as the most suitable candidate among three doped systems studied in this work for applications in photocatalysis. This work sheds light into the influence of dopants on quantum dynamics processes that govern GCN performance and, thus, guides toward building high-performance devices in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraddha Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Andrey S. Vasenko
- HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- I.E. Tamm Department of Theoretical Physics, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dhara J. Trivedi
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, USA
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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18
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Chen L, Xu P, Wang H. Photocatalytic membrane reactors for produced water treatment and reuse: Fundamentals, affecting factors, rational design, and evaluation metrics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127493. [PMID: 34879511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Treatment and reuse of produced water (PW), the largest wastewater stream generated during oil and gas production, provides a promising option to address the increasing clean water demands. High-performance treatment technologies are needed to efficiently remove the organic and inorganic contaminants in PW for fit-for-purpose applications. Photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) is an emerging green technology for removal of organic pollutants, photoreduction of heavy metals, photo-inactivation of bacteria, and resource recovery. This study critically reviewed the mechanisms of photocatalysis and membrane processes in PMR, factors affecting PMR performance, rational design, and evaluation metrics for PW treatment. Specifically, PW characteristics, photocatalysts properties, membranes applied, and operating conditions are of utmost importance for rational design and reliable operation of PMR. PW pretreatment to remove oil and grease, colloidal and suspended solids is necessary to reduce membrane fouling and ensure optimal PMR performance. The metrics to evaluate PMR performance were developed including light utilization, exergetic efficiency, water recovery, product water improvement, lifetime of the photocatalyst, and costs. This review also presented the research gaps and outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Huiyao Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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19
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Li X, Huang G, Chen X, Huang J, Li M, Yin J, Liang Y, Yao Y, Li Y. A review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) based hybrid membranes for water and wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148462. [PMID: 34465053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gained enormous attention for water and wastewater treatment. Compared with g-C3N4 nanopowders, g-C3N4 based hybrid membranes have demonstrated great potential for its superior practicability. This review outlines the preparation and characterization of g-C3N4 based hybrid membranes and presents their representative applications in water and wastewater treatment (e.g., removal of organic dyes, phenolic compounds, pharmaceuticals, salt ions, heavy metals, and oils). Meanwhile, g-C3N4 based films for the removal of contaminants through photocatalytic degradation is also summarized. In addition, the corresponding mechanisms and relevant findings are discussed. Finally, the challenges and research needs in the future and application of g-C3N4 based hybrid membranes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohe Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jing Huang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Mengna Li
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jianan Yin
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Yongping Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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20
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Improving Formaldehyde Removal from Water and Wastewater by Fenton, Photo-Fenton and Ozonation/Fenton Processes through Optimization and Modeling. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13192754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess, optimize and model the efficiencies of Fenton, photo-Fenton and ozonation/Fenton processes in formaldehyde elimination from water and wastewater using the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). A sensitivity analysis was used to determine the importance of the independent variables. The influences of different variables, including H2O2 concentration, initial formaldehyde concentration, Fe dosage, pH, contact time, UV and ozonation, on formaldehyde removal efficiency were studied. The optimized Fenton process demonstrated 75% formaldehyde removal from water. The best performance with 80% formaldehyde removal from wastewater was achieved using the combined ozonation/Fenton process. The developed ANN model demonstrated better adequacy and goodness of fit with a R2 of 0.9454 than the RSM model with a R2 of 0. 9186. The sensitivity analysis showed pH as the most important factor (31%) affecting the Fenton process, followed by the H2O2 concentration (23%), Fe dosage (21%), contact time (14%) and formaldehyde concentration (12%). The findings demonstrated that these treatment processes and models are important tools for formaldehyde elimination from wastewater.
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21
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Huo Y, Zhang L, Wang S, Wang X. Polyoxometalate@g-C 3N 4 nanocomposite for enhancing visible light photoelectrocatalytic performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130559. [PMID: 34134405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prepared g-C3N4 under morphology controlling shows better physic and chemical performance. The synergistic effect of POM and g-C3N4 in the hybrid improves its high photocatalytic capability. The research indicates that g-C3N4-based material is a potential photoelectrode for PEC degradation. Besides, the PMoV nanocomposite shows better activities in the PEC and removal efficiency of RhB. Compared with the same PEC system, the degradation time of RhB is shorter and the degradation efficiency is higher for the MCN/PMoV catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shengtian Wang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Xianze Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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22
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Hossain SM, Park H, Kang HJ, Mun JS, Tijing L, Rhee I, Kim JH, Jun YS, Shon HK. Synthesis and NO x removal performance of anatase S-TiO 2/g-CN heterojunction formed from dye wastewater sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130020. [PMID: 33677268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sludges generated from Ti-based flocculation of dye wastewater were used to retrieve photoactive titania (S-TiO2). It was heterojunctioned with graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) to augment photoactivity under UV/visible light irradiance. Later the as-prepared samples were utilized to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the atmospheric condition through photocatalysis. Heterojunction between S-TiO2 and g-CN was prepared through facile calcination (@550 °C) of S-TiO2 and melamine mix. Advanced sample characterization was carried out and documented extensively. Successful heterojunction was confirmed from the assessment of morphological and optical attributes of the samples. Finally, the prepared samples' level of photoactivity was assessed through photooxidation of NOx under both UV and visible light irradiance. Enhanced photoactivity was observed in the prepared samples irrespective of the light types. After 1 h of UV/visible light-based photooxidation, the best sample STC4 was found to remove 15.18% and 9.16% of atmospheric NO, respectively. In STC4, the mixing ratio of S-TiO2, to melamine was maintained as 1:3. Moreover, the optical bandgap of STC4 was found as 2.65 eV, where for S-TiO2, it was 2.83 eV. Hence, the restrained rate of photogenerated charge recombination and tailored energy bandgap of the as-prepared samples were the primary factors for enhancing photoactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Mukit Hossain
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Heeju Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui-Ju Kang
- Department of Advanced Chemicals & Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seok Mun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Leonard Tijing
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Inkyu Rhee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Si Jun
- Department of Advanced Chemicals & Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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23
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Jiang T, Han H, Dong M, Zhao Q. In Situ Construction of Porous g‐C
3
N
4
Isotype Heterojunction/BiOBr Nanosheets Ternary Composite Catalyst for Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingshun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hui Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Mingfeng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
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24
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Wang J, Yue D, Cui D, Zhang L, Dong X. Insights into Adsorption of Humic Substances on Graphitic Carbon Nitride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7910-7919. [PMID: 34038104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) has been widely used in environmental pollution remediation. However, the adsorption of organic compounds on CNs, which has practical significance for the environmental application of CNs, is poorly understood. For the first time, this study systematically investigated the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of humic substances (HSs), i.e., humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), on CNs derived from four typical precursors. Intriguingly, CN derived from urea (CN-U) showed a great capacity for HS adsorption due to its porous structure and large surface area, with maximum adsorption amounts of 73.24 and 51.62 mgC/g for HA and FA, respectively. The formation, influencing factors, and relative contributions of multiple interactions to HS adsorption on CNs were thoroughly elucidated. HS adsorption on CNs was mainly mediated by electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and H-bonding. The dominance of electrostatic interactions resulted in HS adsorption being highly dependent on pH and ionic strength. HS components with high aromaticity and high molecular weight were preferentially adsorbed due to π-π interactions. These multiple interactions were largely affected by amino groups and tri-s-triazine units of CNs, as well as the moieties of aromatic rings and oxygen-containing groups of HSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongbei Yue
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongyu Cui
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lingyue Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinwei Dong
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Xu B, Liu S, Zhou JL, Zheng C, Weifeng J, Chen B, Zhang T, Qiu W. PFAS and their substitutes in groundwater: Occurrence, transformation and remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125159. [PMID: 33951855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly investigated due to their global occurrence and potential human health risk. The ban on PFOA and PFOS has led to the use of novel substitutes such as GenX, F-53B and OBS. This paper reviews the studies on the occurrence, transformation and remediation of major PFAS i.e. PFOA, PFNA, PFBA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS and the three substitutes in groundwater. The data indicated that PFOA, PFBA, PFOS and PFBS were present at high concentrations up to 21,200 ng L-1 while GenX and F-53B were found up to 30,000 ng L-1 and 0.18-0.59 ng L-1, respectively. PFAS in groundwater are from direct sources e.g. surface water and soil. PFAS remediation methods based on membrane, redox, sorption, electrochemical and photocatalysis are analyzed. Overall, photocatalysis is considered to be an ideal technology with low cost and high degradation efficacy for PFAS removal. Photocatalysis could be combined with electrochemical or membrane filtration to become more advantageous. GenX, F-53B and OBS in groundwater treatment by UV/sulfite system and electrochemical oxidation proved effective. The review identified gaps such as the immobilization and recycling of materials in groundwater treatment, and recommended visible light photocatalysis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentuo Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Weifeng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Chen T, Hu S, Xing Q, Yu X, Chen J, Li X, Xu X, Zhang B. In situ formation of 2-thiobarbituric acid incorporated g-C 3N 4 for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21084-21096. [PMID: 35479385 PMCID: PMC9034024 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedding heterocycles into the skeleton of g-C3N4 has been proved to be a simple and efficient strategy for improving light response and the separation of photo-excited charges. Herein, 2-thiobarbituric acid incorporated g-C3N4 (TBA/CN) with good photocatalytic efficiency for Rh B degradation and H2 production was successfully achieved via a facile thermal copolymerization approach. The incorporation of aromatics and S atoms into the skeleton of g-C3N4 was identified via systematic characterizations. This unique structure contributed to the narrowed band-gap, extended delocalization of lone pair electrons and changed electron transition pathway, which led to the enhanced visible light utilization, accelerated charge migration and prolonged electron lifetime, subsequently resulting in the significant boost of photocatalytic activity. The optimal TBA/CN-3 sample yielded the largest Rh B degradation rate constant k value of 0.0273 min−1 and simultaneously highest rate of H2 evolution of 0.438 mmol g−1 h−1, which were almost 3.5 and 3.8 folds as fast as that of the pristine CN, respectively. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism was proposed for the detailed elucidation of the process of Rh B degradation coupled with H2 production. Embedding heterocycles into the skeleton of g-C3N4 has been proved to be a simple and efficient strategy for improving light response and the separation of photo-excited charges.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China
| | - Shan Hu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China.,Jiangsu Province Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Zhenjiang 212013 PR China
| | - Quanfeng Xing
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China
| | - Jinming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China
| | - Xiuquan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China.,Jiangsu Province Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Zhenjiang 212013 PR China
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Comparison of Graphitic Carbon Nitrides Synthetized from Melamine and Melamine-Cyanurate Complex: Characterization and Photocatalytic Decomposition of Ofloxacin and Ampicillin. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081967. [PMID: 33919916 PMCID: PMC8070965 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, hereafter abbreviated as CN) was prepared by the heating of melamine (CN-M) and melamine-cyanurate complex (CN-MCA), respectively, in air at 550 °C for 4 h. The specific surface area (SSA) of CN-M and CN-MCA was 12 m2 g−1 and 225 m2g−1 and the content of oxygen was 0.62 wt.% and 1.88 wt.%, respectively. The band gap energy (Eg) of CN-M was 2.64 eV and Eg of CN-MCA was 2.73 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the CN materials was tested by means of the decomposition of antibiotics ofloxacin and ampicillin under LED irradiation of 420 nm. The activity of CN-MCA was higher due to its high SSA, which was determined based on the physisorption of nitrogen. Ofloxacin was decomposed more efficiently than ampicillin in the presence of both photocatalysts.
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28
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Zhang B, Li C, Zhang Y, Yuan M, Wang J, Zhu J, Ji J, Ma Y. Improved photocatalyst: Elimination of triazine herbicides by novel phosphorus and boron co-doping graphite carbon nitride. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143810. [PMID: 33279197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A non-metallic and low-cost novel phosphorus and boron co-doping graphite carbon nitride (PB-g-C3N4) photocatalyst was prepared by a facile thermal copolymerization of urea with B2O3 and (NH4)2·HPO4. The novel PB-g-C3N4 exhibited excellent optical and electrical properties and the photocatalytic elimination efficiency for atrazine (AT, can make feminization of male frogs in the wild, and even induce reproductive cancers in humans.) has been greatly improved compared with the pristine g-C3N4. The results of characterization techniques indicate that the introduced B and P atoms most probably to substitute for sp2-hybridized C atoms in triazine rings. O2- and h+ are the dominant active species to induce the elimination of AT demonstrated by the radical-trapping experiments. And a possible elimination pathway is proposed according to the detected main intermediates. In addition, PB-g-C3N4 was applied to the simultaneous photocatalytic elimination of 9 triazine herbicides, and the effects of different initial concentrations, pH, fulvic acid (FA) and ion species on their elimination effects were studied. And it was proved that the photocatalytic performance of PB-g-C3N4 did not significant decrease after 4 times of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiawen Ji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Tan J, Li Z, Li J, Wu J, Yao X, Zhang T. Graphitic carbon nitride-based materials in activating persulfate for aqueous organic pollutants degradation: A review on materials design and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127675. [PMID: 32805652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the increasingly serious water environment problem, the persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (PS-AOP) has attracted considerable attention in water pollution treatment. To date, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been greatly favored by researchers in activating PS for its capability and unique superiorities. Though g-C3N4-based PS-AOP exhibits huge development prospects in removing organic pollutants, the review about its research progress has not been reported. Herein, this paper reviews the modification of g-C3N4 on the basis of its applications and properties for PS activation systematically. The activation mechanisms of g-C3N4-based modified materials are analyzed in detail, and the main formation pathways of radicals and non-radicals and their interaction mechanism with pollutants are thoroughly summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and future development directions of the PS-AOP driven by g-C3N4-based materials are critically discussed. The key purpose is to provide a reference for promoting the further popularization of this novel and efficient cooperative AOP in water purification industries, as well as multidisciplinary inspirations for g-C3N4-involved fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junxue Wu
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Research Centre for Resource and Environmental, Beijing, 100029, China.
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30
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Mary Xavier M, Mohanapriya S, Divya KS, Adarsh NN, Radhakrishnan Nair P, Mathew S. Exploring The Effect of Precursors of Polymeric Carbon Nitride Nanosheets on their Photo and Electrocatalytic Applications. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Mary Xavier
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC) Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560 Kerala India
| | - S. Mohanapriya
- CSIR-Central Electro Chemical Research Institute College Road Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003 India
| | - K. S. Divya
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560 Kerala India
| | | | - P. Radhakrishnan Nair
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC) Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560 Kerala India
| | - Suresh Mathew
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC) Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560 Kerala India
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560 Kerala India
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31
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Pu S, Yang Z, Tang J, Ma H, Xue S, Bai Y. Plasmonic silver/silver oxide nanoparticles anchored bismuth vanadate as a novel visible-light ternary photocatalyst for degrading pharmaceutical micropollutants. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 96:21-32. [PMID: 32819696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of pharmaceutical micropollutants is an intensifying environmental problem and synthesis of efficient photocatalysts for this purpose is one of the foremost challenges worldwide. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop novel plasmonic Ag/Ag2O/BiVO4 nanocomposite photocatalysts by simple precipitation and thermal decomposition methods, which could exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for mineralized pharmaceutical micropollutants. Among the different treatments, the best performance was observed for the Ag/Ag2O/BiVO4 nanocomposites (5 wt.%; 10 min's visible light irradiation) which exhibited 6.57 times higher photodegradation rate than the pure BiVO4. Further, the effects of different influencing factors on the photodegradation system of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) were investigated and the feasibility for its practical application was explored through the specific light sources, water source and cycle experiments. The mechanistic study demonstrated that the photogenerated holes (h+), superoxide radicals (•O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) participated in TC-HCl removal process, which is different from the pure BiVO4 reaction system. Hence, the present work can provide a new approach for the formation of novel plasmonic photocatalysts with high photoactivity and can act as effective practical application for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Shengyang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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32
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Zhang R, Yu Y, Wang H, Du J. Mesoporous TiO 2/g-C 3N 4 composites with O-Ti-N bridge for improved visible-light photodegradation of enrofloxacin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138280. [PMID: 32247984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
g-C3N4 makes good prospects in photocatalytic field due to its two-dimensional (2D) structure and visible-light activity. How to improve its photocatalytic activity by minimizing the unexpected recombination of photo-induced charge carries on g-C3N4 motivates our research. Herein, mesoporous TiO2/g-C3N4 composites are fabricated with 2D TiO2(B) nanosheets regulating thermal condensation process of g-C3N4 nanosheets. FT-IR and XPS results suggest that the formation of O-Ti-N chemical bond increases the percentage of N-(C)3 in the conjugated system, accelerating the transportation of photo-induced electrons. The optical property and PL results illustrate that the formed interface heterojunction with chemical bond facilitates the separation and transfer of photo-induced charge carriers. Hence, the removal constant of TiO2/g-C3N4 composites is 46.3 times higher than that of g-C3N4. This study opens up a new insight into the development of composite materials in the field of organic pollutant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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33
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Xiao X, Wang Y, Bo Q, Xu X, Zhang D. One-step preparation of sulfur-doped porous g-C 3N 4 for enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8041-8050. [PMID: 32525155 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00299b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonmetal doping is a convenient method to adjust the visible light photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). Herein, highly active sulfur-doped porous g-C3N4 (C3N4-S) was successfully prepared by one-step calcination using thiourea and melamine as the precursors. C3N4-S exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. C3N4-S not only promoted the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, but also enhanced electron transfer, resulting in a great improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency. Based on capture experiments and DMPO spin-trapping ESR spectra, the superoxide radical (˙O2-) was proved to be the predominant active species and the possible photocatalytic mechanism of C3N4-S was proposed. The photocatalytic mechanism of RhB degradation over C3N4-S was further explored using high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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34
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Lin Z, Yu B, Huang J. Cellulose-Derived Hierarchical g-C 3N 4/TiO 2-Nanotube Heterostructured Composites with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5967-5978. [PMID: 32370515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel cellulose-derived hierarchical g-C3N4/TiO2-nanotube heterostructured nanocomposite was fabricated by in situ coating thin g-C3N4 layers onto the surfaces of the TiO2 nanotubes, which were synthesized by utilizing the natural cellulose substance (e.g., commercial ordinary filter paper) as the structural template. These g-C3N4/TiO2-nanotube composites with varied thicknesses (ca. 3-30 nm) of the outer g-C3N4 layers displayed improved visible-light (λ > 420 nm)-driven photocatalytic degradation performances toward methylene blue. The optimal nanocomposite with an outer g-C3N4 layer of ca. 7.5 nm composed of 46 wt % g-C3N4 displayed an apparent rate constant of 0.0035 min-1, which was 8.5- and 4-fold larger than those of the referential TiO2-nanotube and g-C3N4 powder. The excellent and durable photocatalytic activities of these cellulose-derived g-C3N4/TiO2-nanotube composites were ascribed to their hierarchically network porous structures replicated from the cellulose template, as well as the formation of close heterojunctions in-between the g-C3N4 and TiO2 phases. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the photocatalytic mechanism matched with the type-II heterostructured model, while the main effective species during the photocatalytic processes of the nanocomposite were proved to be superoxide radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jianguo Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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35
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Akhundi A, Badiei A, Ziarani GM, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Muñoz-Batista MJ, Luque R. Graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts: Toward efficient organic transformation for value-added chemicals production. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Fernandes RA, Sampaio MJ, Dražić G, Faria JL, Silva CG. Efficient removal of parabens from real water matrices by a metal-free carbon nitride photocatalyst. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:135346. [PMID: 31843308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free graphite-like carbon nitride (GCN-500) was obtained by thermal post-treatment of bulk polymeric carbon nitride at 500 °C. The catalyst was thoroughly characterized by morphological, optical and textural analysis techniques. The efficiency of GCN-500 was evaluated under visible (λexc = 417 nm) LED excitation for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-paraben in different water matrices either isolated or in a mixture of the three compounds. The GCN-500 proved to be more efficient than the benchmark TiO2 P25, with complete conversion of the individual parabens within 20 min of irradiation, contrasting with 120 min needed for total degradation using TiO2. Experiments in the presence of selected scavengers confirmed the high importance of superoxide radicals in the photocatalytic oxidation of parabens using GCN-500. The effect of the nature of the aqueous matrix in the kinetics of the photocatalytic process was assessed using ultrapure, tap and river waters spiked with a mixture of the three parabens. Although still very efficient, the complexity of the real water samples turned the degradation process slower due to the presence of other components such as ions and dissolved organic matter. GCN-500 proved to be stable in a continuous-flow system using GCN-500 coated glass rings (GCN-500-GR) to remove MP, EP and PP from real water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Fernandes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Sampaio
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Goran Dražić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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37
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Xu B, Ahmed MB, Zhou JL, Altaee A. Visible and UV photocatalysis of aqueous perfluorooctanoic acid by TiO 2 and peroxymonosulfate: Process kinetics and mechanistic insights. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125366. [PMID: 31765901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The global occurrence and adverse environmental impacts of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have attracted wide attention. This study focused on the PFOA photodegradation by using photocatalyst TiO2 with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Aqueous PFOA (50 mg L-1) at the pH 3 was treated by TiO2/PMS under 300 W visible light (400-770 nm) or 32 W UV light (254 nm and 185 nm). The addition of PMS induced a significant degradation of PFOA under powerful visible light compared with sole TiO2. Under visible light, 0.25 g L-1 TiO2 and 0.75 g L-1 PMS in the solution with the initial pH 3 provided optimum condition which achieved 100% PFOA removal within 8 h. Under UV light irradiation at 254 nm and 185 nm wavelength, TiO2/PMS presented excellent performance of almost 100% removal of PFOA within 1.5 h, attributed to the high UV absorbance by the photocatalyst. The intermediates analysis showed that PFOA was degraded from a long carbon chain PFOA to shorter chain intermediates in a stepwise manner. Furthermore, scavenger experiments indicated that SO4•-radicals from PMS and photogenerated holes from TiO2 played an essential role in degrading PFOA. The presence of organic compounds in real wastewater reduced the degradation efficacy of PFOA by 18-35% in visible/TiO2/PMS system. In general, TiO2/PMS could be an ideal and effective photocatalysis system for the degradation of PFOA from wastewater using either visible or UV light source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentuo Xu
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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38
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Xia Y, Xun M, Chen H, Liu X, Yin X. Metal-Free Carbon Quantum Dots Implant Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Enhanced Photocatalytic Dye Wastewater Purification with Simultaneous Hydrogen Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031052. [PMID: 32033369 PMCID: PMC7036787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of photocatalysts to purify wastewater and simultaneously convert solar energy into clean hydrogen energy is of considerable significance in environmental science. However, it is still a challenge due to their relatively high costs, low efficiencies, and poor stabilities. In this study, a metal-free carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst (CCN) was synthesized by a facile method. The characterization and theoretical calculation results reveal that the incorporation of CQDs into the g-C3N4 matrix significantly improves the charge transfer and separation efficiency, exhibits a redshift of absorption edge, narrows the bandgap, and prevents the recombination of photoexcited carriers. The hydrogen production and simultaneous degradation of methylene blue (MB) or rhodamine B (RhB) in simulated wastewaters were further tested. In the simulated wastewater, the CCN catalyst showed enhanced photodegradation efficiency, accompanied with the increased hydrogen evolution rate (1291 µmol·h−1·g−1). The internal electrical field between the g-C3N4 and the CQDs is the main reason for the spatial separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. Overall, this work could offer a new protocol for the design of highly efficient photocatalysts for dye wastewater purification with simultaneous hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China;
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China;
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuanyu Xia
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Menghan Xun
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xia Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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Darkwah WK, Sandrine MKC, Adormaa BB, Teye GK, Puplampu JB. Solar light harvest: modified d-block metals in photocatalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With solar light, modified d-block metal photocatalysts are useful in areas where electricity is insufficient, with its chemical stability during the photocatalytic process, and its low-cost and nontoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Kweku Darkwah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Environmental Engineering Department
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
| | - Masso Kody Christelle Sandrine
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Environmental Engineering Department
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
| | - Buanya Beryl Adormaa
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Environmental Engineering Department
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
| | - Godfred Kwesi Teye
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Environmental Engineering Department
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
| | - Joshua Buer Puplampu
- Department of Biochemistry
- School of Biological Sciences
- University of Cape Coast
- Cape Coast
- Ghana
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40
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Xu B, Zhou JL, Altaee A, Ahmed MB, Johir MAH, Ren J, Li X. Improved photocatalysis of perfluorooctanoic acid in water and wastewater by Ga 2O 3/UV system assisted by peroxymonosulfate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124722. [PMID: 31494318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has attracted considerable attention worldwide due to its widespread occurrence and environmental impacts. This research focused on the photocatalytic process for the treatment of PFOA in water and wastewater. Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were mixed directly in PFOA solution, which was irradiated under different light sources. The treatment system showed excellent performance that 100% PFOA was degraded within 90 min and 60 min under 254 nm and 185 nm UV irradiation, respectively. Moreover, the degradation efficacy was unaffected by initial PFOA concentration from 50 ng L-1 to 50 mg L-1. Acidic solution (pH 3) improved the degradation process. The quantum yield in the PMS/Ga2O3 system under UV light (254 nm) was estimated to be 0.009 mol E-1. Scavengers such as tert-butanol (t-BuOH), disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-Na2) and benzoquinone (BQ) were added into PFOA solution to prove that sulfate radicals (SO4•-), superoxide radical (O2•-) and photogenerated electrons (e-) were the main active species with strong redox ability for PFOA degradation in PMS/Ga2O3/UV system. Combined with the intermediates analysis, PFOA was degraded stepwise from long chain compound to shorter chain intermediates. In addition, PFOA in real wastewater exhibited similar degradation efficiency, together with 75-85% TOC removal by Ga2O3/PMS under 254 nm UV irradiation. Therefore, Ga2O3/PMS system was highly effective for PFOA photodegradation under UV irradiation, which has potential to be applied for the perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) treatment in water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentuo Xu
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ahmed
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jiawei Ren
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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41
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Zhou J, Liu W, Cai W. The synergistic effect of Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 modified g-C 3N 4 composite and peroxymonosulfate for the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of levofloxacin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133962. [PMID: 31442719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a series of Ag/AgCl@ZIF-8 modified g-C3N4 composites were synthesized and used to degrade levofloxacin (LVFX) in water under visible light irradiation with the assistant of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The morphologies and physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and DRS technologies. The results of photocatalytic experiments showed that in the presence of PMS, the degradation rate of LVFX reached 87.3% in 60min. Furthermore, factors affecting photocatalytic efficiency such as the concentration of PMS, photocatalyst dosage and different pH values were investigated. The degradation products of LVFX were analyzed by LC-MS and the degradation pathway was inferred. Active species trapping experiments indicated that O2-, h+ and SO4- played important roles in the degradation process in the presence of PMS and the possible degradation mechanism was put forward. This work provides a photocatalyst system that is beneficial to the separation of photogenerated carriers and demonstrates the great potential of PMS-assisted photocatalysis in the purification of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weiquan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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42
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Hu X, Liu Y, Yang R, Jiang Y, Meng M, Liu Z, Ni L, Wu W, Liu H. Adsorption for perfluorooctanoic acid with graphitic‐phase carbon nitride and its HPLC fluorescence determination. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Rongguang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yinhua Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Minjia Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Zhanchao Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China
| | - Liang Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Weifu Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- College of Civil EngineeringYancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng China
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43
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Katsumata H, Higashi F, Kobayashi Y, Tateishi I, Furukawa M, Kaneco S. Dual-defect-modified graphitic carbon nitride with boosted photocatalytic activity under visible light. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14873. [PMID: 31619695 PMCID: PMC6795803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of photocatalysts that efficiently degrade organic pollutants is an important environmental-remediation objective. To that end, we report a strategy for the ready fabrication of oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride (CN) with engendered nitrogen deficiencies. The addition of KOH and oxalic acid during the thermal condensation of urea led to a material that exhibits a significantly higher pseudo-first-order rate constant for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) (0.0225 min-1) compared to that of CN (0.00222 min-1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of BPA exhibited by the dual-defect-modified CN (Bt-OA-CN) is ascribable to a considerable red-shift in its light absorption compared to that of CN, as well as its modulated energy band structure and more-efficient charge separation. Furthermore, we confirmed that the in-situ-formed cyano groups in the Bt-OA-CN photocatalyst act as strong electron-withdrawing groups that efficiently separate and transfer photo-generated charge carriers to the surface of the photocatalyst. This study provides novel insight into the in-situ dual-defect strategy for g-C3N4, which is extendable to the modification of other photocatalysts; it also introduces Bt-OA-CN as a potential highly efficient visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for use in environmental-remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Katsumata
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Fumiya Higashi
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuya Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ikki Tateishi
- Mie Global Environment Center for Education & Research, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mai Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneco
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
- Mie Global Environment Center for Education & Research, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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44
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Chang X, Yao X, Ding N, Yin X, Zheng Q, Lu S, Shuai D, Sun Y. Photocatalytic degradation of trihalomethanes and haloacetonitriles on graphitic carbon nitride under visible light irradiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:200-207. [PMID: 31121346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs), most common disinfection by-products in drinking water, pose adverse environmental impacts and potential risks to human health. There is a pressing need to develop innovative, economically feasible, and environmentally benign processes to control these persistent contaminants. In this paper, visible-light-responsive graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) samples were synthesized to degrade the THMs and HANs and the photocatalytic degradation mechanism was explored. The results indicated that a carbon-doped g-C3N4 with an optimum dopant content (MCB0.07) displayed the best photocatalytic activity for the total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and total haloacetonitriles (THAN), with the reaction rate constant of 11.6 and 10.4 (10-3 min-1), respectively. MCB0.07 demonstrated a high THMs and HANs removal efficiency under visible light irradiation and could be reused. According to scavenger tests of the selected reactive species and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, holes play a dominant role for both THMs and HANs degradation on the MCB0.07. The degradation of HANs by holes proceeded mainly through breakage of the CC bond in the CCN group. The THMs degradation was achieved through hydrogen abstraction or/and dehalogenation. The brominated-THMs/HANs were more photosensitive than their chlorinated analogous and were less stable than bromo-chloro-THMs/HANs. This study sheds light on the mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation of THMs and HANs under visible light irradiation by carbon-doped g-C3N4. Furthermore, it could provide insights for engineering applications and contaminant control in drinking water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qinmin Zheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, US
| | - Songliu Lu
- Tus-Water Group Limited, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Danmeng Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, US
| | - Yingxue Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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45
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Akhundi A, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Abitorabi M, Rahim Pouran S. Review on photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added compounds and renewable fuels by graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2019.1654224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anise Akhundi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Masoud Abitorabi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shima Rahim Pouran
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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46
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de Luna MDG, Paragas LKB, Doong RA. Insights into the rapid elimination of antibiotics from aqueous media by tunable C 3N 4 photocatalysts: Effects of dopant amount, co-existing ions and reactive oxygen species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:1053-1061. [PMID: 30970454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional photocatalytic nanomaterials are not environmentally sustainable since these are usually produced from scarce mineral and metal precursors. Moreover, high pollutant removal efficiencies by conventional photocatalysts are only attained after several hours of reaction with light. In this study, novel visible light-active photocatalysts were synthesized from environment-friendly carbon precursors and applied for the rapid degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in aqueous solutions. The photocatalysts were prepared via the co-pyrolysis of urea with varying doping temperature and dopant amount. These variations played a vital role in improving the performance of the photocatalysts and resulted in up to >99% SMX removal within 45 min of visible light irradiation. Characterization of the photocatalysts showed that potassium and iodine dopants were responsible in the red shift and broadening of the light absorption spectrum to the visible region. In addition, the band gap energy narrowed by 0.23 eV resulting in faster charge transfer but slower recombination of the photo-generated electron and hole pairs. Effects of varying concentrations of inorganic salts (NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, PO43-) on SMX removal were also examined. Lastly, the mechanism of SMX photodegradation was elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Daniel G de Luna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
| | - Larah Kriselle B Paragas
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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47
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Photocatalytic degradation of real industrial poultry wastewater via platinum decorated BiVO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst under solar light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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48
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Kessler FK, Schnick W. From Heptazines to Triazines - On the Formation of Poly(triazine imide). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian K. Kessler
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department of Chemistry; Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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49
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Di G, Zhu Z, Huang Q, Zhang H, Zhu J, Qiu Y, Yin D, Zhao J. Targeted modulation of g-C 3N 4 photocatalytic performance for pharmaceutical pollutants in water using ZnFe-LDH derived mixed metal oxides: Structure-activity and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1112-1121. [PMID: 30308799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been frequently detected in various water bodies, posing potential threat to human health and ecological environment. In this work, ZnFe-LDH derived mixed metal oxides (ZnO/ZnFe2O4, ZnFeMMO) were innovatively adopted to modulate the g-C3N4 photocatalytic performance for the enhanced degradation of ibuprofen (IBF) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) as targeted pollutants. Characterization analyses indicated that the g-C3N4/ZnFeMMO composites were in the feature of rationally-designed microarchitecture, increased specific surface area, improved light absorbance and efficient charge separation, thereby resulting in promoted photocatalytic activities. Furthermore, the ratio of g-C3N4 to ZnFeMMO in the composites was found to exert significant effects on the resulted microstructures and properties. The results showed that the composite with low g-C3N4 content of 1.0 wt% or high g-C3N4 content of 90 wt% exhibited the optimum catalytic activity for the degradation of IBF or SDZ, respectively. Such distinct structure-activities can be attributed to the different dominated reactive species in two cases: h+ for IBF degradation but OH for SDZ degradation. A Z-scheme mechanism was proposed for the charge separation, together with ZnFe2O4 as a light sensitizer. Degradation pathways for IBF and SDZ were established by ESI-QToF-MS technology. This work provided a new perspective to develop rationally-architectured g-C3N4 based photocatalysts for the decontamination of water polluted by pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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50
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Zhou X, Li Y, Xing Y, Li J, Jiang X. Effects of the preparation method of Pt/g-C3N4 photocatalysts on their efficiency for visible-light hydrogen production. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15068-15073. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pt NPs have been loaded on ultrathin porous g-C3N4 nanosheets (CNS) by either a chemical reduction (CR) or a photoreduction (PR) method. The Pt/CNS-CR photocatalyst shows a much higher efficiency for H2 evolution than that of the Pt/CNS-PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- College of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P.R. China
| | - Yan Xing
- College of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P.R. China
| | - Junsong Li
- College of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P.R. China
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