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Jemec Kokalj A, Nagode A, Drobne D, Dolar A. Effects of agricultural microplastics in multigenerational tests with insects; mealworms Tenebrio molitor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174490. [PMID: 38969109 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Mulching films, widely used in agriculture, are a large source of microplastics (MPs) to soil. However, there is little knowledge on the long-term effects of agricultural MPs on soil invertebrates. We investigated the effects of MPs from conventional non-biodegradable, fossil-based, low-density polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable fossil-based poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) (starch-PBAT blend) mulching films on two generations of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor. No effects of MPs (0.005 %-5 %, w/w dry food) on mealworm development and survival were observed until the end of the experiments (12 weeks for the first generation, nine weeks for the second generation), but effects on their moulting and growth were observed. These were most evident for PE MPs (5 %, w/w), where a decrease in larval growth and moulting was noted in the first generation. On the contrary, PBAT MPs (5 %, w/w) significantly induced the growth of mealworms in the second generation. In addition, there was a non-significant trend towards increased growth at all other PBAT MP exposure concentrations. Increased growth is most likely due to the biodegradation of starch PBAT MPs by mealworms. Overall, these data suggest that PE and PBAT MPs do not induce significant effects on mealworms at environmentally relevant concentrations, but rather only at very high exposure concentrations (5 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ana Nagode
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Hurley R, Binda G, Briassoulis D, Carroccio SC, Cerruti P, Convertino F, Dvořáková D, Kernchen S, Laforsch C, Löder MGL, Pulkrabova J, Schettini E, Spanu D, Tsagkaris AS, Vox G, Nizzetto L. Production and characterisation of environmentally relevant microplastic test materials derived from agricultural plastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174325. [PMID: 38942306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Soil environments across the globe, particularly in agricultural settings, have now been shown to be contaminated with microplastics. Agricultural plastics - such as mulching films - are used in close or direct contact with soils and there is growing evidence demonstrating that they represent a potential source of microplastics. There is a demand to undertake fate and effects studies to understand the behaviour and potential long-term ecological risks of this contamination. Yet, there is a lack of test materials available for this purpose. This study describes the manufacture and characterisation of five large (1-40 kg) batches of microplastic test materials derived from agricultural mulching films. Batches were produced from either polyethylene-based conventional mulching films or starch-polybutadiene adipate terephthalate blend mulching films that are certified biodegradable in soil. Challenges encountered and overcome during the micronisation process provide valuable insights into the future of microplastic test material generation from these material types. This includes difficulties in micronising virgin polyethylene film materials. All five batches were subjected to a thorough physical and chemical characterisation - both of the original virgin films and the subsequent microplastic particles generated - including a screening for the presence of chemical additives. This is a critical step to provide essential information for interpreting particle fate or effects in scientific testing. Trade-offs between obtaining preferred particle typologies and time and cost constraints are elucidated. Several recommendations emerging from the experiences gained in this study are put forward to advance the research field towards greater harmonisation and utilisation of environmentally relevant test materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hurley
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gilberto Binda
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Demetres Briassoulis
- Natural Resources & Agricultural Engineering Department, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- National Research Council Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biopolymers, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Convertino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Darina Dvořáková
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Jana Pulkrabova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evelia Schettini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Spanu
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Aristeidis S Tsagkaris
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giuliano Vox
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Jemec Kokalj A, Dolar A, Nagode A, Drobne D, Kuljanin A, Kalčíková G. Response of terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber and mealworm Tenebrio molitor to non-degradable and biodegradable fossil-based mulching film microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175379. [PMID: 39137843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural mulching films are potential sources of microplastics (MPs) in soil. As an alternative to conventional non-degradable mulching films, a variety of different biodegradable mulching films are used. However, it is not yet known whether MPs from biodegradable mulching films pose a lower risk to terrestrial invertebrates compared to MPs from conventional mulching films. In this study, the effects of MPs produced from two conventional polyethylene (PE-1 and PE-2) and two biodegradable (starch-based poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate); PBAT-BD-1, and PBAT-BD-2) fossil-based mulching films on terrestrial crustacean woodlice Porcellio scaber and mealworm Tenebrio molitor were compared. A key finding was that no clear differences in induced responses between biodegradable and conventional MPs were detected. No adverse effects on P. scaber after two weeks and on T. molitor after four weeks of exposure were observed up to 5 % (w/w dry soil) of either MP type. However, some sublethal physiological changes in metabolic rate and immune parameters were found in P. scaber after two weeks of exposure indicating a response of organisms to the presence of MP exposure in soil. In addition, it was demonstrated that both types of MPs might affect the soil water holding capacity and pH. In conclusion, we confirmed that biodegradable MPs can induce responses in organisms hence further studies testing the environmental hazard of biodegradable MPs are justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Nagode
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Kuljanin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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She Y, Qi X, Li Z. Insights into soil autotrophic ammonium oxidization under microplastics stress: Crossroads of nitrification, comammox, anammox and Feammox. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135443. [PMID: 39128156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in agroecosystems and profoundly impact soil microbiome and nutrient cycling. However, the effects of MPs on soil autotrophic ammonium oxidization processes, including nitrification, complete ammonium oxidation (comammox), anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron reduction (Feammox), remain unclear. These processes are the rate-limiting steps of nitrogen cycling in agroecosystems. Here, our work unveiled that exposures of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) MPs significantly modulated ammonium oxidization pathways with distinct type- and dose-dependent effects. Nitrification remained the main contributor (56.4-70.7 %) to soil ammonium removal, followed by comammox (11.7-25.6 %), anammox (5.0-20.2 %) and Feammox (3.3-11.6 %). Compared with conventional nonbiodegradable MPs (i.e., PE and PP), biodegradable MPs (i.e., PLA and PBAT) exhibited more pronounced impacts on soil nutrient conditions and functional microbes, which collectively induced alterations in soil ammonium oxidation. Interestingly, low-dose PLA and PBAT remarkably enhanced the roles of anammox and Feammox in soil ammonium removal, contributing to the mitigation of soil acidification in agroecosystems. This study highlights the diverse responses of ammonium oxidization pathways to MPs, further deepening our understanding of how MPs affect biogeochemical cycling and enriching strategies for agricultural managements amid increasing MPs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng She
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Liang R, Zhang C, Zhang R, Li Q, Liu H, Wang XX. Effects of microplastics derived from biodegradable mulch film on different plant species growth and soil properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174899. [PMID: 39043299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulch residues contribute significantly to the presence of microplastics in soil ecosystems. The environmental impact of microplastics, especially biodegradable microplastics (bio-MPs), on soil and plants is of increasing concern. In this study, the responses of five crop species potted in soil treated with different mass concentrations of bio-MPs were assessed for one month. The shoot and root biomasses of cabbages and strawberries were inhibited by bio-MPs treatment. There was little variation in the growth indicators of identical plants with the addition of different mass concentrations of bio-MPs; however, a significant difference was observed among different plants with the addition of the same concentration of bio-MPs. The detrimental effects of bio-MPs were more pronounced in strawberries and cabbages than in the other plant species. Moreover, bio-MPs can affect the availability of soil nutrients and enzyme activities. Structural equation modeling showed that changes in soil properties may indirectly affect plant growth and nutrient uptake when exposed to bio-MPs. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the ecological effects of biodegradable mulch films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China; Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Zhang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongquan Liu
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China; Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China; College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zantis LJ, Adamczyk S, Velmala SM, Adamczyk B, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg W, Bosker T. Comparing the impact of microplastics derived from a biodegradable and a conventional plastic mulch on plant performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173265. [PMID: 38754499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural lands have been identified as plastic sinks. One source is plastic mulches, which are a source of micro- and nano-sized plastics in agricultural soils. Because of their persistence, there is now a push towards developing biodegradable plastics, which are designed to undergo (partial) breakdown after entering the environment. Yet, limited research has investigated the impacts of both conventional and biodegradable plastics on distinct plants. Moreover, comparisons among studies are difficult due to differences in experimental design. This study directly compares the effects of artificially weathered conventional polyethylene (PE) and starch-based biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) on four food crops, including two monocots (barley, Hordeum vulgare, and wheat, Triticum aestivum L.) and two dicots (carrot, Daucus carota, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa L.). We investigated the effects of environmentally relevant low, medium, and high (0.01 %, 0.1 %, 1 % w/w) concentrations of PE and starch-PBAT blend on seed germination (acute toxicity), and subsequently on plant growth and chlorophyll through a pot-plant experiment (chronic toxicity). Germination of all species was not affected by both plastics. However, root length was reduced for lettuce and wheat seedlings. No other effects were recorded on monocots. We observed a reduction in shoot length and bud wet weight of carrot seedlings for the highest concentration of PE and starch-PBAT blend. Chronic exposure resulted in a significant decrease in shoot biomass of barley and lettuce. Additionally, a positive increase in the number of leaves of lettuce was observed for both plastics. Chlorophyll content was increased in lettuce when exposed to PE and starch-PBAT blend. Overall, adverse effects in dicots were more abundant than in monocots. Importantly, we found that the biodegradable plastic caused more commonly adverse effects on plants compared to conventional plastic, which was confirmed by a mini-review of studies directly comparing the impact of conventional and biodegradable microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Zantis
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Sylwia Adamczyk
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sannakajsa M Velmala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Bartosz Adamczyk
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Convertino F, Carroccio SC, Cocca MC, Dattilo S, Dell'Acqua AC, Gargiulo L, Nizzetto L, Riccobene PM, Schettini E, Vox G, Zannini D, Cerruti P. The fate of post-use biodegradable PBAT-based mulch films buried in agricultural soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174697. [PMID: 39019280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The fate of black biodegradable mulch film (MF) based on starch and poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in agricultural soil is investigated herein. Pristine (BIO-0) and UV-aged film samples (BIO-A192) were buried for 16 months at an experimental field in southern Italy. Visual, physical, chemical, morphological, and mechanical analyses were carried out before and after samples burial. Film residues in the form of macro- and microplastics in soil were analyzed at the end of the trial. Progressive deterioration of both pristine and UV-aged samples, with surface loss and alterations in mechanical properties, occurred from 42 days of burial. After 478 days, the apparent surface of BIO-0 and BIO-A192 films decreased by 57 % and 66 %, respectively. Burial determined a rapid depletion of starch from the polymeric blend, especially for the BIO-A192, while the degradation of the polyester phase was slower. Upon burial, an enrichment of aromatic moieties of PBAT in the film residues was observed, as well as microplastics release to soil. The analysis of the MF degradation products extracted from soil (0.006-0.008 % by mass in the soil samples) revealed the predominant presence of adipate moieties. After 478 days of burial, about 23 % and 17 % of the initial amount of BIO-0 and BIO-A192, respectively, were extracted from the soil. This comprehensive study underscores the complexity of biodegradation phenomena that involve the new generation of mulch films in the field. The different biodegradability of the polymeric components, the climate, and the soil conditions that did not strictly meet the parameters required for the standard test method devised for MFs, have significantly influenced their degradation rate. This finding further emphasizes the importance of implementing field experiments to accurately assess the real effects of biodegradable MFs on soil health and overall agroecosystem sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Convertino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Carola Carroccio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cocca
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Sandro Dattilo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luca Gargiulo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Maria Riccobene
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Catania, Italy
| | - Evelia Schettini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Vox
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Zannini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Genova, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR-IPCB), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
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He YQ, McDonough LK, Zainab SM, Guo ZF, Chen C, Xu YY. Microplastic accumulation in groundwater: Data-scaled insights and future research. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121808. [PMID: 38796912 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Given that microplastics (MPs) in groundwater have been concerned for risks to humans and ecosystems with increased publications, a Contrasting Analysis of Scales (CAS) approach is developed by this study to synthesize all existing data into a hierarchical understanding of MP accumulation in groundwater. Within the full data of 386 compiled samples, the median abundance of MPs in Open Groundwater (OG) and Closed Groundwater (CG) were 4.4 and 2.5 items/L respectively, with OG exhibiting a greater diversity of MP colors and larger particle sizes. The different pathways of MP entry (i.e., surface runoff and rock interstices) into OG and CG led to this difference. At the regional scale, median MP abundance in nature reserves and landfills were 17.5 and 13.4 items/L, respectively, all the sampling points showed high pollution load risk. MPs in agricultural areas exhibited a high coefficient of variation (716.7%), and a median abundance of 1.0 items/L. Anthropogenic activities at the regional scale are the drivers behind the differentiation in the morphological characteristics of MPs, where groundwater in residential areas with highly toxic polymers (e.g., polyvinylchloride) deserves prolonged attention. At the local scale, the transport of MPs is controlled by groundwater flow paths, with a higher abundance of MP particles downstream than upstream, and MPs with regular surfaces and lower resistance (e.g., pellets) are more likely to be transported over long distances. From the data-scaled insight this study provides on the accumulation of MPs, future research should be directed towards network-based observation for groundwater-rich regions covered with landfills, residences, and agricultural land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liza K McDonough
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Syeda Maria Zainab
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao-Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
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Nizzetto L, Binda G, Hurley R, Baann C, Selonen S, Velmala S, van Gestel CAM. Comments to "Degli-Innocenti, F. The pathology of hype, hyperbole and publication bias is creating an unwarranted concern towards biodegradable mulch films" [J. Hazard. Mater. 463 (2024) 132923]. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:133690. [PMID: 38336580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Some narratives present biodegradable plastic use for soil mulching practices in agriculture as "environmentally friendly" and "sustainable" alternatives to conventional plastics. To verify these narratives, environmental research recently started focusing on their potential impact on soil health, highlighting some concerns. The paper by Degli-Innocenti criticizes this unfolding knowledge arguing that it is affected by communication hypes, alarmistic writing and a focus on exposure scenarios purposedly crafted to yield negative effects. The quest of scientists for increased impact - the paper concludes - is the driver of such behavior. As scholars devoted to the safeguarding of scientific integrity, we set to verify whether this serious claim is grounded in evidence. Through a bibliometric analysis (using number of paper reads, citations and mentions on social media to measure the impact of publications) we found that: i) the papers pointed out by Degli-Innocenti as examples of biased works do not score higher than the median of similar publications; ii) the methodology used to support the conclusion is non-scientific; and iii) the paper does not fulfil the requirements concerning disclosure of conflicts of interests. We conclude that this paper represents a non-scientific opinion, potentially biased by a conflict of interest. We ask the paper to be clearly tagged as such, after the necessary corrections on the ethic section have been made. That being said, the paper does offer some useful insights for the definition of exposure scenarios in risk assessment. We comment and elaborate on these proposed models, hoping that this can help to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Gilberto Binda
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway; DISAT Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Rachel Hurley
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Baann
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Salla Selonen
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sannakajsa Velmala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wang Y, Tang DWS. Soil chemical fumigation alters soil phosphorus cycling: effects and potential mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1289270. [PMID: 38855465 PMCID: PMC11157047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1289270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Soil chemical fumigation is an effective and popular method to increase agricultural productivity. However, the broad-spectrum bioactivity of fumigants causes harm to soil beneficial microorganisms involved in the soil phosphorous cycle, such as soil phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs). We review the effects of soil chemical fumigation on soil phosphorus cycling, and the potential underlying mechanisms that ultimately lead to altered phosphorus availability for crops. These complex processes involve the highly diverse PSM community and a plethora of soil phosphorus forms. We discuss phosphatizing amendments aimed at counteracting the possible negative effects of fumigation on phosphorus availability, phosphorus use efficiency, and crop yields. We also emphasize distinguishing between the effects on soil phosphorus cycling caused by the chemical fumigants, and those caused by the fumigation process (e.g. plastic mulching). These are typically conflated in the literature; distinguishing them is critical for identifying appropriate amendments to remediate possible post-fumigation soil phosphorus deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darrell W. S. Tang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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11
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Men J, Liu H, Jin T, Cai G, Cao H, Cernava T, Jin D. The color of biodegradable mulch films is associated with differences in peanut yield and bacterial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118342. [PMID: 38295980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulch films (BDMs) are increasingly used in agricultural production as desirable alternatives to the current widespread use of polyethylene (PE) mulch films in China. However, potential effects of different colors of BDMs on field crop production and microbiomes remain unexplored. Here, the differences in bacterial communities of peanut rhizosphere soil (RS) and bulk soil (BS) under non-mulching (CK), PE, and three different colors of BDMs were studied. The results indicated that all treatments could increase the soil temperature, which positively affected the growth of the peanut plants. Moreover, mulching affected the bacterial community structure in RS and BS compared to CK. Furthermore, certain BDM treatments significantly enriched N-fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium and Mesorhizobium) and functional groups, increased the closeness of bacterial networks, and harbored more beneficial bacteria as keystone taxa in the RS. This in turn facilitated the growth and development of the peanut plants under field conditions. Our study provides new insights into the micro-ecological effects of mulch films, which can be affected by both the mulch type and color. The observed effects are likely caused by temperature and prevalence of specific microbial functions under the employed films and could guide the development of optimized mulching materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Men
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Tuo Jin
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Guangxing Cai
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Hongzhe Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Decai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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12
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Ali M, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Chen X, Ma M, Tang Z, Li R, Tang B, Li Z, Huang X, Song X. Mechanisms of benzene and benzo[a]pyrene biodegradation in the individually and mixed contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123710. [PMID: 38458518 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge on the biodegradation mechanisms of benzene and benzo [a]pyrene (BaP), representative compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), under individually and mixed contaminated soils. Therefore, a set of microcosm experiments were conducted to explore the influence of benzene and BaP on biodegradation under individual and mixed contaminated condition, and their subsequent influence on native microbial consortium. The results revealed that the total mass loss of benzene was 56.0% under benzene and BaP mixed contamination, which was less than that of individual benzene contamination (78.3%). On the other hand, the mass loss of BaP was slightly boosted to 17.6% under the condition of benzene mixed contamination with BaP from that of individual BaP contamination (14.4%). The significant differences between the microbial and biocide treatments for both benzene and BaP removal demonstrated that microbial degradation played a crucial role in the mass loss for both contaminants. In addition, the microbial analyses revealed that the contamination of benzene played a major role in the fluctuations of microbial compositions under co-contaminated conditions. Rhodococcus, Nocardioides, Gailla, and norank_c_Gitt-GS-136 performed a major role in benzene biodegradation under individual and mixed contaminated conditions while Rhodococcus, Noviherbaspirillum, and Phenylobacterium were highly involved in BaP biodegradation. Moreover, binary benzene and BaP contamination highly reduced the Rhodococcus abundance, indicating the toxic influence of co-contamination on the functional key genus. Enzymatic activities revealed that catalase, lipase, and dehydrogenase activities proliferated while polyphenol oxidase was reduced with contamination compared to the control treatment. These results provided the fundamental information to facilitate the development of more efficient bioremediation strategies, which can be tailored to specific remediation of different contamination scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtiar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Advanced Water Technology Laboratory, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhuanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Chen
- China Construction 8th Engineering Division Corp., LTD, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - Min Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhiwen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- China Construction 8th Engineering Division Corp., LTD, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- China Construction 8th Engineering Division Corp., LTD, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Hao Y, Min J, Ju S, Zeng X, Xu J, Li J, Wang H, Shaheen SM, Bolan N, Rinklebe J, Shi W. Possible hazards from biodegradation of soil plastic mulch: Increases in microplastics and CO 2 emissions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133680. [PMID: 38325094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulches are widely recognized as ecologically friendly substances. However, their degradation percentage upon entering soils may vary based on mulch type and soil microbial activities, raising concerns about potential increases in microplastics (MPs). The effects of using different types of mulch on soil carbon pools and its potential to accelerate their depletion have not yet well understood. Therefore, we conducted an 18-month experiment to investigate mulch biodegradation and its effects on CO2 emissions. The experiment included burying soil with biodegradable mulch made of polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and control treatments with traditional mulch (PE) and no mulch (CK). The results indicated that PE did not degrade, and the degradation percentage of PLA and PBAT were 46.2% and 88.1%, and the MPs produced by the degradation were 6.7 × 104 and 37.2 × 104 items/m2, respectively. Biodegradable mulch, particularly PLA, can enhance soil microbial diversity and foster more intricate bacterial communities compared to PE. The CO2 emissions were 0.58, 0.74, 0.99, and 0.86 g C/kg in CK, PE, PLA, , PBAT, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between microbial abundance and diversity with CO2 emissions, while a negative correlation was observed with soil total organic carbon. Biodegradable mulch enhanced the transformation of soil organic C into CO2 by stimulating microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ju Min
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Shengrong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Jiyuan Xu
- National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Centre, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Jianbing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Jansen MAK, Andrady AL, Bornman JF, Aucamp PJ, Bais AF, Banaszak AT, Barnes PW, Bernhard GH, Bruckman LS, Busquets R, Häder DP, Hanson ML, Heikkilä AM, Hylander S, Lucas RM, Mackenzie R, Madronich S, Neale PJ, Neale RE, Olsen CM, Ossola R, Pandey KK, Petropavlovskikh I, Revell LE, Robinson SA, Robson TM, Rose KC, Solomon KR, Andersen MPS, Sulzberger B, Wallington TJ, Wang QW, Wängberg SÅ, White CC, Young AR, Zepp RG, Zhu L. Plastics in the environment in the context of UV radiation, climate change and the Montreal Protocol: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2023. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:629-650. [PMID: 38512633 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
This Assessment Update by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) considers the interactive effects of solar UV radiation, global warming, and other weathering factors on plastics. The Assessment illustrates the significance of solar UV radiation in decreasing the durability of plastic materials, degradation of plastic debris, formation of micro- and nanoplastic particles and accompanying leaching of potential toxic compounds. Micro- and nanoplastics have been found in all ecosystems, the atmosphere, and in humans. While the potential biological risks are not yet well-established, the widespread and increasing occurrence of plastic pollution is reason for continuing research and monitoring. Plastic debris persists after its intended life in soils, water bodies and the atmosphere as well as in living organisms. To counteract accumulation of plastics in the environment, the lifetime of novel plastics or plastic alternatives should better match the functional life of products, with eventual breakdown releasing harmless substances to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Anthony L Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Janet F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | | | - Alkiviadis F Bais
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastazia T Banaszak
- Unidad Académica Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - Paul W Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Laura S Bruckman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rosa Busquets
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | | | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Samuel Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Roy Mackenzie
- Centro Universitario Cabo de Hornos, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems BASE, Santiago, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center CHIC, Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Sasha Madronich
- UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patrick J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachele Ossola
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Irina Petropavlovskikh
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Ozone and Water Vapor Division, NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laura E Revell
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sharon A Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - T Matthew Robson
- UK National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside Campus, Ambleside, UK
- Organismal & Evolutionary Ecology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kevin C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Keith R Solomon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mads P Sulbæk Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Sulzberger
- Retired From Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Timothy J Wallington
- Center for Sustainable Systems, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qing-Wei Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Sten-Åke Wängberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Richard G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Liping Zhu
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Xu Y, Xiong B, Huang YMM, Xu J, He Y, Lu Z. Exploring additives beyond phthalates: Release from plastic mulching films, biodegradation and occurrence in agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170763. [PMID: 38336072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that applications of plastic films result in plastic pollution in agroecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge on the release and occurrence of additives beyond phthalates in agricultural soil. In this study, the rates of release and biodegradation of various additives, including phthalates, bisphenols, organophosphate esters, phenolic antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbents from mulching films in soil were quantified by laboratory incubation. The rates of release and biodegradation ranged from 0.069 d-1 to 5.893 d-1 and from 1.43 × 10-3 d-1 to 0.600 d-1, respectively. Both of these rates were affected by temperature, flooding, and the properties of additives, films, and soils. An estimated 4000 metric tons of these additives were released into soil annually in China exclusively. The total concentrations of these additives in 80 agricultural soils varied between 228 and 3455 μg kg-1, with phenolic antioxidants, phthalates, and bisphenols accounting for 54.1%, 25.2%, and 17.9% of the total concentrations, respectively. A preliminary risk assessment suggested that the current levels of these additives could potentially present moderate hazards to the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Boya Xiong
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Yu-Ming M Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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16
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Vermeire ML, Thiour-Mauprivez C, De Clerck C. Agroecological transition: towards a better understanding of the impact of ecology-based farming practices on soil microbial ecotoxicology. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae031. [PMID: 38479782 PMCID: PMC10994205 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative farming systems have developed since the beginning of industrial agriculture. Organic, biodynamic, conservation farming, agroecology and permaculture, all share a grounding in ecological concepts and a belief that farmers should work with nature rather than damage it. As ecology-based agricultures rely greatly on soil organisms to perform the functions necessary for agricultural production, it is thus important to evaluate the performance of these systems through the lens of soil organisms, especially soil microbes. They provide numerous services to plants, including growth promotion, nutrient supply, tolerance to environmental stresses and protection against pathogens. An overwhelming majority of studies confirm that ecology-based agricultures are beneficial for soil microorganisms. However, three practices were identified as posing potential ecotoxicological risks: the recycling of organic waste products, plastic mulching, and pest and disease management with biopesticides. The first two because they can be a source of contaminants; the third because of potential impacts on non-target microorganisms. Consequently, developing strategies to allow a safe recycling of the increasingly growing organic matter stocks produced in cities and factories, and the assessment of the ecotoxicological impact of biopesticides on non-target soil microorganisms, represent two challenges that ecology-based agricultural systems will have to face in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Liesse Vermeire
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et Risque, Dakar 18524, Sénégal
- Recyclage et Risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Clémence Thiour-Mauprivez
- INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Caroline De Clerck
- AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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17
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Hassan F, Mu B, Yang Y. Natural polysaccharides and proteins-based films for potential food packaging and mulch applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129628. [PMID: 38272415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Conventional nondegradable packaging and mulch films, after reaching the end of their use, become a major source of waste and are primarily disposed of in landfills. Accumulation of non-degradable film residues in the soil leads to diminished soil fertility, reduced crop yield, and can potentially affect humans. Application of degradable films is still limited due to the high cost, poor mechanical, and gas barrier properties of current biobased synthetic polymers. In this respect, natural polysaccharides and proteins can offer potential solutions. Having versatile functional groups, three-dimensional network structures, biodegradability, ease of processing, and the potential for surface modifications make polysaccharides and proteins excellent candidates for quality films. Besides, their low-cost availability as industrial waste/byproducts makes them cost-effective alternatives. This review paper covers the performance properties, cost assessment, and in-depth analysis of macromolecular structures of some natural polysaccharides and proteins-based films that have great potential for packaging and mulch applications. Proper dissolution of biopolymers to improve molecular interactions and entanglement, and establishment of crosslinkages to form an ordered and cohesive polymeric structure can help to obtain films with good properties. Simple aqueous-based film formulation techniques and utilization of waste/byproducts can stimulate the adoption of affordable biobased films on a large-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqrul Hassan
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, 234 GNHS Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States
| | - Bingnan Mu
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, 234 GNHS Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, 234 GNHS Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, 234 GNHS Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States.
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18
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Cobo-Golpe M, Blanco P, Fernández-Fernández V, Ramil M, Rodríguez I. Assessment of the occurrence and interaction between pesticides and plastic litter from vineyard plots. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169273. [PMID: 38086475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this research, aged plastic fragments collected from vineyards were characterized in terms of composition, residues of pesticides, and their potential to exchange these compounds with the aquatic media. To this end, we employed the qualitative and quantitative information provided by complementary analytical techniques, including chromatography, organic and inorganic mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and electronic microscopy. Debris of weathered plastics were identified as polypropylene and polyethylene, containing different types of additives, from organic UV stabilizers to inorganic fillers, such as calcium salts. Regardless of polymer type, plastic litter collected from vineyards contained residues of pesticides, and particularly of fungicides, with total concentrations in the range of values from 114 ng g-1 to 76.4 μg g-1. Data obtained under different extraction conditions suggested that a fraction of these compounds was absorbed in aged polymers, penetrating inside the material. The parallel analysis of plastic litter and vineyard soils reflected higher pesticide residues in the former matrix. Furthermore, several fungicides, considered as labile in vineyard soils (i.e. zoxamide and folpet), were those showing the highest levels in plastic litter. Simulated sorption-desorption studies, with plastic debris in contact with surface water, demonstrated the higher affinity of aged materials by moderately polar pesticides than their new counterparts. For the first time, the manuscript highlights the presence of plastic litter in vineyards soils, reflecting the accumulation of several fungicides in this matrix, in some cases, with a different stability pattern to that observed in the soil from same vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cobo-Golpe
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R/Constantino Candeira SN, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Blanco
- Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia (EVEGA-AGACAL), Ponte San Clodio s/n, 32428 Leiro, Ourense, Spain
| | - V Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R/Constantino Candeira SN, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Ramil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R/Constantino Candeira SN, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R/Constantino Candeira SN, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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19
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Khan AR, Ulhassan Z, Li G, Lou J, Iqbal B, Salam A, Azhar W, Batool S, Zhao T, Li K, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Du D. Micro/nanoplastics: Critical review of their impacts on plants, interactions with other contaminants (antibiotics, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and management strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169420. [PMID: 38128670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) contamination is not only emerging threat to the agricultural system but also constitute global hazard to the environment worldwide. Recent review articles have addressed the environmental distribution of MPs/NPs and their single-exposure phytotoxicity in various plant species. However, the mechanisms of MPs/NPs-induced phytotoxicity in conjunction with that of other contaminants remain unknown, and there is a need for strategies to ameliorate such phytotoxicity. To address this, we comprehensively review the sources of MPs/NPs, their uptake by and effects on various plant species, and their phytotoxicity in conjunction with antibiotics, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and other toxicants. We examine mechanisms to ameliorate MP/NP-induced phytotoxicity, including the use of phytohormones, biochar, and other plant-growth regulators. We discuss the effects of MPs/NPs -induced phytotoxicity in terms of its ability to inhibit plant growth and photosynthesis, disrupt nutrient metabolism, inhibit seed germination, promote oxidative stress, alter the antioxidant defense system, and induce genotoxicity. This review summarizes the novel strategies for mitigating MPs/NPs phytotoxicity, presents recent advances, and highlights research gaps, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at overcoming the emerging problem of MPs/NPs phytotoxicity in edible crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Khan
- School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiabao Lou
- School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Abdul Salam
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wardah Azhar
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sundas Batool
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Pakistan
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Kexin Li
- School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Institute of Enviroment and Ecology, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Cheng Y, Guo Y, Wang F, Zhang L. Effects of polyethylene microplastics stress on soil physicochemical properties mediated by earthworm Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12071-12082. [PMID: 38227261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in soil environments, but their ecological risks are not fully understood. To fill this knowledge gap, incubation experiments were conducted to explore the physiological response of Eisenia foetida (E. fetida) to polyethylene MP stress and its effects on soil physicochemical properties. E. fetida was incubated in soils amended with MPs of two particle sizes (13 μm and 130 μm) at six concentrations (0, 1, 3, 6, 10 and 20 g MPs·kg-1 soil) under laboratory conditions. The toxicity of 13 μm MPs on the growth and survival of E. fetida was greater than that of 130 μm MPs. Excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation induced by high MP concentrations decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased malondialdehyde content. Soil pH increased significantly in the 130 μm treatments. MPs increased the contents of soil organic carbon and available potassium. However, the presence of MPs did not significantly alter available phosphorus or nitrate nitrogen content. MP contamination in soil may have adverse impacts on the growth of earthworms, induce oxidative stress in earthworms, and change soil physicochemical properties. In addition, the effects of MPs are size-dependent and dose-dependent. This study provides new evidence for the ecological risks of MP pollution in the earthworm-soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Cheng
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Eastern Hualan Avenue, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Yanling Guo
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Eastern Hualan Avenue, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Eastern Hualan Avenue, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Eastern Hualan Avenue, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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21
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Ji H, Abdalkarim SYH, Chen X, Chen X, Lu W, Chen Z, Yu HY. Deep insights into biodegradability mechanism and growth cycle adaptability of polylactic acid/hyperbranched cellulose nanocrystal composite mulch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127866. [PMID: 37939769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of petroleum-based plastic mulch in agriculture has accelerated white and microplastic pollution while posing a severe agroecological challenge due to its difficulty in decomposing in the natural environment. However, endowing mulch film with degradability and growth cycle adaptation remains elusive due to the inherent non-degradability of petroleum-based plastics severely hindering its applications. This work reports polylactic acids hyperbranched composite mulch (PCP) and measured biodegradation behavior under burial soil, seawater, and ultraviolet (UV) aging to understand the biodegradation kinetics and to increase their sustainability in the agriculture field. Due to high interfacial interactions between polymer and nanofiler, the resultant PCP mulch significantly enhances crystallization ability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties. PCP mulch can be scalable-manufactured to exhibit modulated degradation performance under varying degradation conditions and periods while concurrently enhancing crop growth (wheat). Thus, such mulch with excellent performance can reduce labor costs and the environmental impact of waste mulch disposal to replace traditional mulch for sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, College of Textile Science and Engineering, International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Somia Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, College of Textile Science and Engineering, International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, College of Textile Science and Engineering, International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, College of Textile Science and Engineering, International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, China
| | - Weidong Lu
- Hangzhou Xin Guang Plastics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Hou-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, College of Textile Science and Engineering, International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua. University, 2999 Renmin North Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China.
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22
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Saberi Riseh R. Advancing agriculture through bioresource technology: The role of cellulose-based biodegradable mulches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128006. [PMID: 37977475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in meeting the world's ever-growing food demands. However, traditional agricultural practices often have negative consequences for the environment, such as soil erosion and chemical runoff. Recently, there has been a pressing need for advance agricultural practices. Cellulose-based mulches offer a solution by optimizing agricultural productivity while minimizing harm. These mulches are made from renewable bioresources derived from cellulose-rich materials. Compared to plastic mulches, cellulose-based alternatives show potential in improving nutrient retention, soil health, weed suppression, water conservation, and erosion mitigation. The article investigates the characteristics and application methods of cellulose-based mulches, highlighting their biodegradability, water retention, crop protection, and weed suppression capabilities. It also evaluates their economic feasibility, emphasizing their potential to transform sustainable farming practices. Overall, cellulose-based mulches have the potential to revolutionize agriculture, addressing environmental concerns while optimizing productivity. They represent a significant step toward a more sustainable and resilient agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
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23
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Yan X, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Huo Z, Wu Y, Shi H. Chemical features and biological effects of degradation products of biodegradable plastics in simulated small waterbody environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166829. [PMID: 37673271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of research has focused on the biosafety of biodegradable plastics (BPs), including their microplastic formation and additives leaching; however, relatively fewer studies have explored biodegradation products. This study aims to investigate the biological effects and chemical features of degradation products from three kinds of BPs, namely polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and the blends of PGA/PBAT without the addition of additives, in a simulated small waterbody environment with extracted soil solution for three months. Results showed that exposure to the whole degradation remnants of three BPs had no lethal effects on zebrafish at the current BP environmental concentrations (from 0.24 to 12.72 mg plastic/L) in small waterbodies. However, from the calculated BPs environmental concentrations (from 0.57 to 43.82 mg plastic/L) in 2026, PGA and PGA/PBAT blends may cause adverse effects on the cardiovascular system such as heartbeat rate suppression in zebrafish embryos, and also lead to reduced body length and pericardial edema and spinal curvature in fish larvae. We further qualitatively analyzed the composition of degradation products, and quantitatively measured four dominant degradation monomers (glycolic acid (GA), adipic acid (A), 1,4-butanediol (B), and terephthalic acid (T)) in the degradation remnants. It was found that the observed toxicities were probably due to the presence of GA, A, and T monomers, and their concentrations can reach 0.776, 0.034, and 0.6 mg/L under the calculated future scenario, respectively. It is worth mentioning that either GA or T monomers at the above concentrations were found to cause suppressed heartbeat rate in zebrafish embryos. Collectively, though the degradation products of BPs are temporarily safe at current environmental concentrations, they may lead to non-negligible toxicity with increasing production and continual improper recycling and/or BP waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Zhuolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Fu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhanbin Huo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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24
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Feng S, Wang H, Wang Y, Cheng Q. A review of the occurrence and degradation of biodegradable microplastics in soil environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166855. [PMID: 37683869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of plastics for manufacturing of products and packaging has become ubiquitous. This is because plastics are cheap, pliable, and durable. However, these characteristics of plastics have also led to their disposal in landfill, where they persist. To overcome the environmental challenge posed by conventional plastics (CPs), biodegradable plastics (BDPs) are increasingly being used. However, BDPs form residual microplastics (MPs) at a rate that far exceeds that of CPs, and MPs have negative impacts on the soil environment. This review aimed to evaluate whether the move away from CPs to BDPs is having an overall positive impact on the environment considering the formation of MPs. Topics focused on in this review include the degradation of BDPs in the soil environment and the impacts of MPs originating from BDPs on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial communities, animals, and plants. The information collated in this review can provide scientific guidance for sustainable development of the BDPs industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Feng
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Haodong Wang
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Quanguo Cheng
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China.
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25
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Rizzarelli P, Leanza M, Rapisarda M. Investigations into the characterization, degradation, and applications of biodegradable polymers by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 38014928 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been getting more and more attention because of their contribution to the plastic pollution environmental issues and to move towards a circular economy. Nevertheless, biodegradable materials still exhibit various disadvantages restraining a widespread use in the market. Therefore, additional research efforts are required to improve their performance. Mass spectrometry (MS) affords a relevant contribution to optimize biodegradable polymer synthesis, to confirm macromolecular structures, to examine along the time the progress of degradation processes and highlight advantages and drawbacks in the extensive applications. This review aims to provide an overview of the MS investigations carried out to support the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, with helpful information on undesirable products or polymerization mechanism, to understand deterioration pathways by the structure of degradation products and to follow drug release and pharmacokinetic. Additionally, it summarizes MS studies addressed on environmental and health issues related to the extensive use of plastic materials, that is, potential migration of additives or microplastics identification and quantification. The paper is focused on the most significant studies relating to synthetic and microbial biodegradable polymers published in the last 15 years, not including agro-polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzarelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Melania Leanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Rapisarda
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
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26
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Xue Y, Zhao F, Sun Z, Bai W, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yang N, Feng C, Feng L. Long-term mulching of biodegradable plastic film decreased fungal necromass C with potential consequences for soil C storage. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139280. [PMID: 37385482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of biodegradable plastic film mulching as a replacement for polyethylene plastic film has gained recognition due to its reduced environmental pollution. However, its impact on soil environment is not yet fully understood. Here, we compared the effects of different plastic film mulching on the accumulation of microbial necromass carbon (C) and its contribution to soil total C in 2020 and 2021. Results showed that biodegradable plastic film mulching decreased the accumulation of fungal necromass C compared to no plastic film mulching and polyethylene film mulching. However, the bacterial necromass C and soil total C were not affected by the plastic film mulching. Biodegradable plastic film mulching decreased the soil dissolved organic carbon content after maize harvest. Random forest models suggested that soil dissolved organic C, soil pH and the ratio of soil dissolved organic C to microbial biomass C were important factors in regulating the accumulation of fungal necromass C. The abundance of the fungal genus Mortierella was also found to have a significant positive contribution to the accumulation of fungal necromass C. These findings suggest that biodegradable plastic film mulching may decrease the accumulation of fungal necromass C by changing substrate availability, soil pH, and fungal community composition, with potential implications for soil C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Xue
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin, 123102, China
| | - Zhanxiang Sun
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin, 123102, China.
| | - Wei Bai
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin, 123102, China
| | - Yongyong Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin, 123102, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin, 123102, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin, 123102, China
| | - Liangshan Feng
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin, 123102, China.
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27
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Yang C, Zhao Y, Long B, Wang F, Li F, Xie D. Biodegradable mulch films improve yield of winter potatoes through effects on soil properties and nutrients. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115402. [PMID: 37634481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulch films are recognized as a promising substitute of polyethylene (PE) films to alleviate the "white pollution". Biodegradable mulch films with optimum degradation rates increase crop yield even compared to PE films. However, the mechanisms underlying this yield-increasing effect remains elusive. In this study, three biodegradable film treatments (BFM1, BFM2 and BFM3) and one PE film treatment (PFM) were used to evaluate their effects on soil and winter potatoes, and a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was constructed to investigate their relationships. The degradation rates of films under different treatments were ranked as BFM3 > BFM2 >BFM1 > PFM, and presented distinctive effects on soil properties and nutrients, structure of soil bacterial community, and yield traits of winter potatoes. The PLS-PM showed that mulch treatments affected potato yield through effects on soil properties (soil water and temperature) and soil nutrients (TOC, DOC, TN and NO3--N). The disintegration of the biodegradable films decreased soil water content and temperature, and reduced the loss of soil nutrients in the topsoil at the later growth stage of winter potatoes compared to PE films. Additionally, the elevated content of soil TN and NO3--N under treatment BFM1 may play a key role in its yield-increasing effect on potatoes compared to treatments PFM and BFM2. Thus, biodegradable mulch films with proper degradation rates regulate soil TN and NO3--N through their effects on soil water and temperature, and subsequently improve the yield of winter potatoes compared to PE mulch films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Bibo Long
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Feiyan Wang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Fayong Li
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China.
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28
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Baartman J, van Wijnen J, Beriot N, Kroeze C, Wang M, Xu W, Ma L, Wang K, Zhang F, Strokal M. The Plastic Age: River Pollution in China from Crop Production and Urbanization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12019-12032. [PMID: 37527154 PMCID: PMC10433511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Many rivers are polluted with macro (>5 mm)- and microplastics (<5 mm). We assess plastic pollution in rivers from crop production and urbanization in 395 Chinese sub-basins. We develop and evaluate an integrated model (MARINA-Plastics model, China-1.0) that considers plastics in crop production (plastic films from mulching and greenhouses, diffuse sources), sewage systems (point sources), and mismanaged solid waste (diffuse source). Model results indicated that 716 kton of plastics entered Chinese rivers in 2015. Macroplastics in rivers account for 85% of the total amount of plastics (in mass). Around 71% of this total plastic is from about one-fifth of the basin area. These sub-basins are located in central and eastern China, and they are densely populated with intensive agricultural activities. Agricultural plastic films contribute 20% to plastics in Chinese rivers. Moreover, 65% of plastics are from mismanaged waste in urban and rural areas. Sewage is responsible for the majority of microplastics in rivers. Our study could support the design of plastic pollution control policies and thus contribute to green development in China and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture
Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture
Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Jantiene Baartman
- Soil
Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Jikke van Wijnen
- Department
of Science, Faculty of Management, Science & Technology, Open University, Heerlen 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Beriot
- Soil
Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
- Environmental
Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University
& Research, Droevendaalsesteeg
4, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Wen Xu
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture
Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural
Resources Research, Institute of Genetics
and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture
Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College
of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture
Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard N, Mohammadi MJ, Jahedi F. Effects of nano and microplastics on the reproduction system: In vitro and in vivo studies review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113938. [PMID: 37429406 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), as their name suggest, are tiny plastic particles. The negative impact of MPs as an emerging pollutant on humans is not hidden from anyone. Recent research on how this pollutant affects the reproductive system and how it enters the blood, placenta, and semen has attracted the attention of scientists. This review study deals with the reproductive toxicity of MPs particles in terrestrial animals, aquatic animals, soil fauna, human cells, and human placenta. In vitro and in vivo animal studies showed that MPs can lead to reduced fertility in men, reduced ovarian capacity, apoptosis of granulosa cells, or even reduced sperm motility. They cause oxidative stress and cell apoptosis and inflammatory effects. The results of these animal studies show that MPs may have similar effects on the human reproductive system. However, not much research has been done on human reproductive toxicity by MPs. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the toxicity of the reproductive system by MPs. The purpose of this comprehensive study is to express the importance of the impact of MPs on the reproductive system. These results provide new insight into the potential dangers of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Jahedi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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30
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Iritani K, Nakanishi A, Nihei R, Sugitani S, Yamashita T. Development of Epoxy and Urethane Thermosetting Resin Using Chlorella sp. as Curing Agent for Materials with Low Environmental Impact. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2968. [PMID: 37447612 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current system, the disposal of plastic materials causes serious environmental pollution such as the generation of carbon dioxide and destruction of the ecosystem by micro-plastics. To solve this problem, bioplastics, biomass and biodegradable plastics have been developed. As part of our research, we have developed novel bioplastics called "cell-plastics", in which a unicellular green algal cell serves as a fundamental resource. The production of the cell-plastics would be expected to reduce environmental impact due to the usage of a natural product. Herein, to overcome the mechanical strength of cell-plastics, we used thermosetting epoxy and urethane resins containing Chlorella sp. as the green algae. We successfully fabricated thermosetting resins with a Chlorella sp. content of approximately 70 wt% or more. IR measurements revealed that the chemical structure of an epoxide or isocyanate monomer mixed with Chlorella sp. was modified, which suggests that the resins were hardened by the chemical reaction. In addition, we investigated the effect of thermosetting conditions such as temperature and compression for curing both resins. It was revealed that the Young's moduli and tensile strengths were controlled by thermosetting temperature and compression, whereas the elongation ratios of the resins were constant at low values regardless of the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Iritani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Lignin-Based Materials, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Akihito Nakanishi
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Bionics Program, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Rinka Nihei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Shiomi Sugitani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Lignin-Based Materials, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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31
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Uzamurera AG, Zhao ZY, Wang PY, Wei YX, Mo F, Zhou R, Wang WL, Ullah F, Khan A, Xiong XB, Li MY, Wesly K, Wang WY, Tao HY, Xiong YC. Thickness effects of polyethylene and biodegradable film residuals on soil properties and dryland maize productivity. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138602. [PMID: 37028722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastic film residuals are increasingly remaining in cultivated lands. However, it is a critical issue how residual plastic type and thickness affect soil properties and crop yield. To address this issue, in situ landfill was conducted using thick polyethylene (PEt1), thin polyethylene (PEt2), thick biodegradable (BIOt1), thin biodegradable (BIOt2) residues, and CK (control) with no residues landfill in a semiarid maize field. The findings demonstrated that the impact of various treatments on soil characteristics and maize yield varied considerably. Soil water content decreased by 24.82% in PEt1 and 25.43% in PEt2, compared to BIOt1 and BIOt2, respectively. BIOt2 treatment increased soil bulk density by 1.31 g cm-3 and lowered soil porosity by 51.11%, respectively; it also elevated the silt/clay proportion by 49.42% relative to CK. In contrast, microaggregate composition in PEt2 was higher (43.02%). Moreover, BIOt2 lowered soil nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) content. Compared with other treatments, BIOt2 resulted in significantly higher soil total nitrogen (STN) and lower SOC/STN. Finally, BIOt2 exhibited the lowest water use efficiency (WUE) (20.57 kg ha-1 mm-1) and yield (6896 kg ha-1) among all the treatments. Therefore, BIO film residues exhibited detrimental impacts on soil quality and maize productivity compared to PE film ones. Considering film thickness, thin residual films more evidently influenced soil quality and maize productivity than thick film ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Grace Uzamurera
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ze-Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Peng-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yong-Xian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Fei Mo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Aziz Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Kiprotich Wesly
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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32
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Astner AF, Gillmore AB, Yu Y, Flury M, DeBruyn JM, Schaeffer SM, Hayes DG. Formation, behavior, properties and impact of micro- and nanoplastics on agricultural soil ecosystems (A Review). NANOIMPACT 2023; 31:100474. [PMID: 37419450 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Micro and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs, respectively) in agricultural soil ecosystems represent a pervasive global environmental concern, posing risks to soil biota, hence soil health and food security. This review provides a comprehensive and current summary of the literature on sources and properties of MNPs in agricultural ecosystems, methodology for the isolation and characterization of MNPs recovered from soil, MNP surrogate materials that mimic the size and properties of soil-borne MNPs, and transport of MNPs through the soil matrix. Furthermore, this review elucidates the impacts and risks of agricultural MNPs on crops and soil microorganisms and fauna. A significant source of MPs in soil is plasticulture, involving the use of mulch films and other plastic-based implements to provide several agronomic benefits for specialty crop production, while other sources of MPs include irrigation water and fertilizer. Long-term studies are needed to address current knowledge gaps of formation, soil surface and subsurface transport, and environmental impacts of MNPs, including for MNPs derived from biodegradable mulch films, which, although ultimately undergoing complete mineralization, will reside in soil for several months. Because of the complexity and variability of agricultural soil ecosystems and the difficulty in recovering MNPs from soil, a deeper understanding is needed for the fundamental relationships between MPs, NPs, soil biota and microbiota, including ecotoxicological effects of MNPs on earthworms, soil-dwelling invertebrates, and beneficial soil microorganisms, and soil geochemical attributes. In addition, the geometry, size distribution, fundamental and chemical properties, and concentration of MNPs contained in soils are required to develop surrogate MNP reference materials that can be used across laboratories for conducting fundamental laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton F Astner
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4531, United States of America
| | - Alexis B Gillmore
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4531, United States of America
| | - Yingxue Yu
- Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, and Puyallup, WA 98371, United States of America
| | - Markus Flury
- Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, and Puyallup, WA 98371, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M DeBruyn
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4531, United States of America
| | - Sean M Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4531, United States of America
| | - Douglas G Hayes
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4531, United States of America.
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Stojanović D, Ivanovska A, Barać N, Dimić-Misić K, Kostić M, Radojević V, Janaćković D, Uskoković P, Barceló E, Gane P. Biodegradable Cellulose/Polycaprolactone/Keratin/Calcium Carbonate Mulch Films Prepared in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2729. [PMID: 37376374 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl] was used to prepare cellulose (CELL), cellulose/polycaprolactone (CELL/PCL), cellulose/polycaprolactone/keratin (CELL/PCL/KER), and cellulose/polycaprolactone/keratin/ground calcium carbonate (CELL/PCL/KER/GCC) biodegradable mulch films. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to verify the films' surface chemistry and morphology. Mulch film made of only cellulose regenerated from ionic liquid solution exhibited the highest tensile strength (75.3 ± 2.1 MPa) and modulus of elasticity of 944.4 ± 2.0 MPa. Among samples containing PCL, CELL/PCL/KER/GCC is characterized by the highest tensile strength (15.8 ± 0.4 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (687.5 ± 16.6 MPa). The film's breaking strain decreased for all samples containing PCL upon the addition of KER and KER/GCC. The melting temperature of pure PCL is 62.3 °C, whereas that of CELL/PCL film has a slight tendency for melting point depression (61.0 °C), which is a characteristic of partially miscible polymer blends. Furthermore, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that the addition of KER or KER/GCC to CELL/PCL films resulted in an increment in melting temperature from 61.0 to 62.6 and 68.9 °C and an improvement in sample crystallinity by 2.2 and 3.0 times, respectively. The light transmittance of all studied samples was greater than 60%. The reported method for mulch film preparation is green and recyclable ([BMIM][Cl] can be recovered), and the inclusion of KER derived by extraction from waste chicken feathers enables conversion to organic biofertilizer. The findings of this study contribute to sustainable agriculture by providing nutrients that enhance the growth rate of plants, and hence food production, while reducing environmental pressure. The addition of GCC furthermore provides a source of Ca2+ for plant micronutrition and a supplementary control of soil pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušica Stojanović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ivanovska
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade Ltd., University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Barać
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade Ltd., University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Dimić-Misić
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirjana Kostić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Radojević
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Janaćković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade Ltd., University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Uskoković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ernest Barceló
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Gane
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Helsinki, Finland
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Ju H, Yang X, Osman R, Geissen V. The role of microplastic aging on chlorpyrifos adsorption-desorption and microplastic bioconcentration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121910. [PMID: 37247767 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in soil undergo different aging processes such as photoaging, mechanical abrasion and biodegradation, leading to alterations in the surface properties of MPs. In this study, we investigated the adsorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on pristine and UV light-aged low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and biodegradable (Bio) MPs that were derived from plastic mulch films. We also tested the bioconcentration of pristine and aged MPs (LDPE- and Bio-MPs aged under UV light and LDPE-MPs aged in three different soils) associated with CPF by earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris). The results showed that UV-aged MPs showed higher CPF adsorption capacities than pristine MPs, with the adsorption capacities at 184.9 ± 5.3, 200.5 ± 1.8, 193.0 ± 8.7, and 215.9 ± 1.1 μg g-1 for pristine LDPE-, UV-aged LDPE-, pristine Bio- and UV-aged Bio-MPs, respectively. The desorption rate of CPF from UV-aged LDPE-MPs within 48 h was lower than the desorption from pristine ones (28.8 ± 7.7% vs. 40.0 ± 3.9%), while both pristine and UV-aged Bio-MPs showed very low CPF desorption rates. A 4-day Petri dish experiment showed that UV-aged MPs were significantly less concentrated in earthworm casts than pristine counterparts (52% and 36% lower for UV-aged LDPE- and Bio-MPs), while UV-aged MPs with adsorbed CPF were concentrated significantly more than UV-aged MPs without CPF. Interestingly, LDPE-MPs aged in soil with a high carbon, nitrogen, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio were significantly more concentrated in earthworm casts than pristine LDPE-MPs. In conclusion, UV-aged MPs acted as stronger vectors for CPF than pristine MPs. The bioconcentration of MPs differed significantly due to microplastic aging, as well as the combined effect with CPF. Moreover, LDPE-MPs aged in soil with enriched carbon and nitrogen were significantly concentrated in earthworm casts. Further studies on the environmental behaviours of aged MPs associated with other pollutants in soil, especially soils high in carbon and nitrogen, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ju
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China.
| | - Rima Osman
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Ma J, Cao Y, Fan L, Xie Y, Zhou X, Ren Q, Yang X, Gao X, Feng Y. Degradation characteristics of polybutylene adipate terephthalic acid (PBAT) and its effect on soil physicochemical properties: A comparative study with several polyethylene (PE) mulch films. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131661. [PMID: 37224714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The degradation process of different types of mulch in agriculture and its effect on soil ecosystem should be considered comprehensively. To this end, the changes in performance, structure, morphology, and composition of PBAT film during the degradation process were examined through a multiscale approach in comparison with several PE films and their effects on the soil physicochemical properties were investigated. At the macroscopic scale, the load and elongation of all films decreased with increasing ages and depths. At the microscopic scale, the stretching vibration peak intensity (SVPI) for PBAT and PE films decreased by 48.8 ∼ 60.2% and 9.3 ∼ 38.6%, respectively. The crystallinity index (CI) increased by 67.3 ∼ 209.6% and 15.6 ∼ 21.8%, respectively. At the molecules scale, terephthalic acid (TPA) was detected in localized soil with PBAT mulch after 180 d. In short, the degradation characteristics of PE films were depended on their thickness and density. The PBAT film exhibited the highest degree of degradation. Simultaneously, the soil physicochemical properties such as soil aggregates, microbial biomass and pH were affected by the changes of film structure and components during the degradation process. This work has practical implications for the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yidong Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Linwang Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- Analysis and Test Center, Haianan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Xueqing Zhou
- Analysis and Test Center, Haianan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Qipeng Ren
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yuhong Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
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36
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Zhao Z, Wu H, Jin T, Liu H, Men J, Cai G, Cernava T, Duan G, Jin D. Biodegradable mulch films significantly affected rhizosphere microbial communities and increased peanut yield. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162034. [PMID: 36754316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulch films are widely used to replace conventional plastic films in agricultural fields. However, their ecological effects on different microbial communities that naturally inhabit agricultural fields are scarcely explored. Herein, differences in bacterial communities recovered from biofilms, bulk soil, and rhizosphere soil were comparatively assessed for polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable mulch film (BDM) application in peanut planted fields. The results showed that the plastic film type significantly influenced the bacterial community in different ecological niches of agricultural fields (P < 0.001). Specifically, BDMs significantly increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil. The bacterial communities in each ecological niche were distinguishable from each other; bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil showed the most pronounced response among different treatments. Acidobacteria and Pseudomonas were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere soil when BDMs were used. BDMs also increased the rhizosphere soil bacterial network complexity and stability. The enrichment of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil under BDMs may also have implications for the observed increase in peanut yield. Deepening analyses indicated that Pseudoxanthomonas and Glutamicibacter are biomarkers in biofilms of PE and BDMs respectively. Our study provides new insights into the consequences of the application of different types of plastic films on microbial communities in different ecological niches of agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Zhao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Recourse, School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Haimiao Wu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Recourse, School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tuo Jin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Jianan Men
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangxing Cai
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Guilan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Decai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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37
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Pagliarini E, Totaro G, Saccani A, Gaggìa F, Lancellotti I, Di Gioia D, Sisti L. Valorization of coffee wastes as plant growth promoter in mulching film production: A contribution to a circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162093. [PMID: 36758689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Food waste valorization, considered as energy and/or chemicals source, via biorefinery or biotechnology, gained great attention in recent years, because of the fast depletion of primary resources, increased waste generation and landfilling worldwide. Coffee by-products for example (i.e. coffee pulp, coffee husks, silver skin, spent coffee, etc.) have been investigated in different forms either as a source of antioxidant and valuable chemicals and as a filler in composites. A new valorization route for coffee silver skin (CSS), up to now just sent to damping, is here investigated: particulate bio-composites based on poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), an aliphatic biodegradable polyester commercially available, have been formulated with up to a 30 wt% of CSS, in order to prepare mulching films for agriculture. The bacterial analysis of the filler indeed, has underlined the presence of potential Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria species, mainly ascribed to the Bacillus genus, which can survive both the roasting and the compounding processes. The obtained composites have been characterized mechanically and thermally and their hydrophilic nature has been investigated by measuring their contact angle. Eventually, the bacteria release from the composite films has been examined by means of in-vitro tests. The plant growth promoting capability of the films was preliminarily evaluated in pot experiments using lettuce as a model crop. The composite films were able to release the endogenous bacteria in the soil and to stimulate plant and root growth of the assayed crop. The possibility to produce functionalized biodegradable mulching films by recycling agricultural wastes can thus be forecast, highlighting potential multiple advantages in terms of soil preservation/fertilization, decrease of polymeric materials in mulching products, exploitation of a waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Pagliarini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 40, Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Totaro
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Saccani
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gaggìa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 40, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Lancellotti
- Department of Engineering "E. Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, Modena, Italy
| | - Diana Di Gioia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 40, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Sisti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy
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Idris SN, Amelia TSM, Bhubalan K, Lazim AMM, Zakwan NAMA, Jamaluddin MI, Santhanam R, Amirul AAA, Vigneswari S, Ramakrishna S. The degradation of single-use plastics and commercially viable bioplastics in the environment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:115988. [PMID: 37105296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have become an integral part of human life. Single-use plastics (SUPs) are disposable plastics designed to be used once then promptly discarded or recycled. This SUPs range from packaging and takeaway containers to disposable razors and hotel toiletries. Synthetic plastics, which are made of non-renewable petroleum and natural gas resources, require decades to perpetually disintegrate in nature thus contribute to plastic pollution worldwide, especially in marine environments. In response to these problems, bioplastics or bio-based and biodegradable polymers from renewable sources has been considered as an alternative. Understanding the mechanisms behind the degradation of conventional SUPs and biodegradability of their greener counterpart, bioplastics, is crucial for appropriate material selection in the future. This review aims to provide insights into the degradation or disintegration of conventional single-use plastics and the biodegradability of the different types of greener-counterparts, bioplastics, their mechanisms, and conditions. This review highlights on the biodegradation in the environments including composting systems. Here, the various types of alternative biodegradable polymers, such as bacterially biosynthesised bioplastics, natural fibre-reinforced plastics, starch-, cellulose-, lignin-, and soy-based polymers were explored. Review of past literature revealed that although bioplastics are relatively eco-friendly, their natural compositions and properties are inconsistent. Furthermore, the global plastic market for biodegradable plastics remains relatively small and require further research and commercialization efforts, especially considering the urgency of plastic and microplastic pollution as currently critical global issue. Biodegradable plastics have potential to replace conventional plastics as they show biodegradation ability under real environments, and thus intensive research on the various biodegradable plastics is needed to inform stakeholders and policy makers on the appropriate response to the gradually emerging biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norliyana Idris
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tan Suet May Amelia
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Kesaven Bhubalan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Anim Maisara Mohd Lazim
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Imran Jamaluddin
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rameshkumar Santhanam
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Al-Ashraf Abdullah Amirul
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia; Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Sevakumaran Vigneswari
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, national University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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39
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Li C, Li Z, Cui Q, Hassan A, Zhang K, Lu X, Zhang Y. Effect of different additions of low-density polyethylene and microplastics polyadipate/butylene terephthalate on soil bacterial community structure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55649-55661. [PMID: 36897451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The stress produced from biodegradable plastics on soil ecosystem is a rising global concern. However, effects of such microplastics (MPs) on soil ecology are still debatable. In this study, the biodegradable microplastic PBAT (polyadipate/butylene terephthalate) was used as the target object, compared with the traditional microplastic LDPE (low-density polyethylene). A pot experiment and was high-throughput sequencing analysis used to determine the effect of different additions of MPs on soil bacterial community structure and the correlation between soil bacterial community structure and chemical properties was investigated. Compared with LDPE, the results showed that EC, TN, TP, NH4+-N, and NO3--N changed obviously with the increasing of PBAT addition (p < 0.05), but pH changed little and the community richness was significantly higher in soils with low PBAT addition than that with higher PBAT addition. PBAT is beneficial to soil nitrogen fixation, but it will significantly reduce the soil P content and affect the nitrification and denitrification reaction. It suggested that addition of PBAT MPs and its addition amount result in changes in soil fertility, community abundance, and structure and composition of bacterial communities in soil samples, while the presence of PBAT MPs might affect soil carbon-nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Zhenhui Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qian Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Areeb Hassan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xueqiang Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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40
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Zantis LJ, Borchi C, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg W, Di Lonardo S, Bosker T. Nano- and microplastics commonly cause adverse impacts on plants at environmentally relevant levels: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161211. [PMID: 36634785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years there has been significant research on the presence and effects of plastics in terrestrial systems. Here we summarize current research findings on the effects of nano- and microplastics (NMPs) on terrestrial plants, with the aim to determine patterns of response and sensitive endpoints. We conducted a systematic review (based on 78 studies) on the effects of NMPs on germination, plant growth and biochemical biomarkers. This review highlights that the majority of studies to date have used pristine polystyrene or polyethylene particles, either in a hydroponic or pot-plant setup. Based on these studies we found that effects on plants are widespread. We noted similar responses between and within monocots and dicots to NMPs, except for consistent lower germination seen in dicots exposed to NMPs. During early development, germination and root growth are more strongly affected compared to shoot growth. NMPs induced similar adverse growth effects on plant biomass and length in the most tested plant species (lettuce, wheat, corn, and rice) irrespective of the polymer type and size used. Moreover, biomarker responses were consistent across species; chlorophyll levels were commonly negatively affected, while stress indicators (e.g., ROS or free radicals) and stress respondents (e.g., antioxidant enzymes) were consistently upregulated. In addition, effects were commonly observed at environmentally relevant levels. These findings provide clear evidence that NMPs have wide-ranging impacts on plant performance. However, as most studies have been conducted under highly controlled conditions and with pristine plastics, there is an urgent need to test under more environmentally realistic conditions to ensure the lab-based studies can be extrapolated to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Zantis
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Caterina Borchi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Sara Di Lonardo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University College, Leiden University, P.O. Box 13228, 2501 EE The Hague, the Netherlands.
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41
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Wang Y, Hou B, Huang L, Li B, Liu S, He M, Chen Q, Li J. Study on Properties and Degradation Behavior of Poly (Adipic Acid/Butylene Terephthalate-Co-Glycolic Acid) Copolyester Synthesized by Quaternary Copolymerization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076451. [PMID: 37047424 PMCID: PMC10095127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the development and usage of degradable plastics instead of traditional plastics is an effective way to solve the pollution of marine microplastics. Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is known as one of the most promising biodegradable materials. Nevertheless, the degradation rate of PBAT in water environment is slow. In this work, we successfully prepared four kinds of high molecular weight polyester copolyesters (PBATGA) via quaternary copolymerization. The results showed that the intrinsic viscosity of PBATGA copolymers ranged from 0.74 to 1.01 dL/g with a glycolic acid content of 0–40%. PBATGA copolymers had excellent flexibility and thermal stability. The tensile strength was 5~40 MPa, the elongation at break was greater than 460%, especially the elongation at break of PBATGA10 at 1235%, and the thermal decomposition temperature of PBATGA copolyesters was higher than 375 °C. It was found that PBATGA copolyester had a faster hydrolysis rate than PBAT, and the weight loss of PBATGA copolymers showed a tendency of pH = 12 > Lipase ≈ pH = 7 > pH = 2. The quaternary polymerization of PBAT will have the advantage of achieving industrialization, unlike the previous polymerization process. In addition, the polymerization of PBATGA copolyesters not only utilizes the by-products of the coal chemical industry, but also it can be promising in the production of biodegradable packaging to reduce marine plastic pollution.
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42
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Khalid N, Aqeel M, Noman A, Fatima Rizvi Z. Impact of plastic mulching as a major source of microplastics in agroecosystems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130455. [PMID: 36463747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of agroecosystems by microplastics (MPs) has raised great concerns recently. Plastic mulching has contributed a lot in the building of MP pollution in farmlands. This technique has been in use for decades worldwide because of its immense advantages, preferably in drier and colder regions. The physical extraction of plastic mulches at the end of the growing season is very laborious and ineffective, and thus small pieces of mulches are left in the field which later convert into MP particles after aging, weathering, or on exposure to solar radiation. MPs not only influence physical, chemical, or biological properties of soils but also reduce crop productivity which could be a threat to our food security. They also interact with and accumulate other environmental contaminants such as microbial pathogens, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants on their surfaces which increase their risk of toxicity in the environment. MPs also transfer from one trophic level to the other in the food chain and ultimately may impact human health. Because of the ineffectiveness of the recovery of plastic film fragments from fields, researchers are now mainly focusing on alternative solutions to conventional plastic mulch films such as the use of biodegradable mulches. In this review, we have discussed the issue of plastic mulch films in agroecosystems and tried to link already existing knowledge to the current limitations in research on this topic from cropland soils and future prospects have been identified and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
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43
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Porterfield KK, Hobson SA, Neher DA, Niles MT, Roy ED. Microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:225-240. [PMID: 36645846 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diverting food waste from landfills to composting or anaerobic digestion can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enable the recovery of energy in usable forms, and create nutrient-rich soil amendments. However, many food waste streams are mixed with plastic packaging, raising concerns that food waste-derived composts and digestates may inadvertently introduce microplastics into agricultural soils. Research on the occurrence of microplastics in food waste-derived soil amendments is in an early phase and the relative importance of this potential pathway of microplastics to agricultural soils needs further clarification. In this paper, we review what is known and what is not known about the abundance of microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes and their effects on agricultural soils. Additionally, we highlight future research needs and suggest ways to harmonize microplastic abundance and ecotoxicity studies with the design of related policies. This review is novel in that it focuses on quantitative measures of microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes and discusses limitations of existing methods and implications for policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine K Porterfield
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sarah A Hobson
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Deborah A Neher
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Meredith T Niles
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences & Food Systems Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Eric D Roy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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44
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Accelerated degradation of plastic products via yeast enzyme treatment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2386. [PMID: 36765090 PMCID: PMC9918467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics can solve the problem of unwanted plastics accumulating in the environment if they can be given the contradictory properties of durability in use and rapid degradation after use. Commercially available agricultural biodegradable mulch films are made from formulations containing polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) to provide mechanical and UV resistance during the growing season. Although used films are ploughed into the soil using a tiller to promote decomposition, it is difficult if they remain durable. We showed that an enzyme produced by the leaf surface yeast Pseudozyma antarctica (PaE) degrades PBAT-containing films. In laboratory studies, PaE randomly cleaved the PBAT polymer chain and induced erosion of the film surface. In the field, commercial biodegradable films containing PBAT placed on ridges were weakened in both the warm and cold seasons by spraying the culture filtrate of P. antarctica. After the field was ploughed the next day, the size and total weight of residual film fragments decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Durable biodegradable plastics used in the field are degraded using PaE treatment and are broken down into small fragments by the plough. The resultant degradation products can then be more readily assimilated by many soil microorganisms.
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45
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Viljoen SJ, Brailsford FL, Murphy DV, Hoyle FC, Chadwick DR, Jones DL. Leaching of phthalate acid esters from plastic mulch films and their degradation in response to UV irradiation and contrasting soil conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130256. [PMID: 36327845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are commonly used plastic additives, not chemically bound to the plastic that migrate into surrounding environments, posing a threat to environmental and human health. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are two common PAEs found in agricultural soils, where degradation is attributed to microbial decomposition. Yet the impact of the plastic matrix on PAE degradation rates is poorly understood. Using 14C-labelled DBP and DEHP we show that migration from the plastic matrix into soil represents a key rate limiting step in their bioavailability and subsequent degradation. Incorporating PAEs into plastic film decreased their degradation in soil, DBP (DEHP) from 79% to 21% (9% to <1%), over four months when compared to direct application of PAEs. Mimicking surface soil conditions, we demonstrated that exposure to ultraviolet radiation accelerated PAE mineralisation twofold. Turnover of PAE was promoted by the addition of biosolids, while the presence of plants and other organic residues failed to promote degradation. We conclude that PAEs persist in soil for longer than previously thought due to physical trapping within the plastic matrix, suggesting PAEs released from plastics over very long time periods lead to increasing levels of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Viljoen
- Bioplastics Innovation Hub, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia; SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia; Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Francesca L Brailsford
- Bioplastics Innovation Hub, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia; SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia
| | - Daniel V Murphy
- Bioplastics Innovation Hub, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia; SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia
| | - Frances C Hoyle
- Bioplastics Innovation Hub, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia; SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia
| | - David R Chadwick
- Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- Bioplastics Innovation Hub, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia; SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia; Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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46
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Jiang JJ, Hanun JN, Chen KY, Hassan F, Liu KT, Hung YH, Chang TW. Current levels and composition profiles of microplastics in irrigation water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120858. [PMID: 36521719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Land-based sources have been considered the most important sources of microplastic pollution to the coastal and marine environment. The number of research studies examining microplastic pollution in freshwater and inland water systems is increasing, but most research focuses on rivers, reservoirs, and lakes. This study investigated the spatial-temporal distribution, characteristics, sources, and risks of microplastics in irrigation water in Taiwan. The results showed that microplastics were widely and unevenly distributed along the irrigation system and were abundant at sites surrounded by a dense population and sites that received lateral canal and urban runoff input. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 1.88 items/L to 141 items/L, and samples collected in May had the highest microplastic concentrations. Polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene were identified as the predominant polymers. Fibers (36-64%) were the most typical and abundant shape, and 333-1000 μm size (49-63%) and white/transparent (45-51%) were the dominant size and colors among all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to assess the impact of the rainy season and typhoons and addressed the dramatic changes in distinct population densities. The polymer risk index was calculated to evaluate the environmental risk of microplastics in irrigation water, and the results revealed a high microplastic risk throughout the year except in November and January. This study provided a valuable reference and impetus for a better understanding of the microplastic profile and source apportionment in irrigation water, which was important for environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheng-Jie Jiang
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Risk Management (CERM), Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan.
| | - Jihan Nabillah Hanun
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Fahir Hassan
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Ting Liu
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsieh Hung
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
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47
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Rajendran N, Han J. Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of poly (butylene succinate) production using food waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:168-176. [PMID: 36470012 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, the production of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) from food waste was investigated and critical factors were evaluated. The economic feasibility of the process was investigated, as well as the minimum selling price (MSP) of PBS and sensitivity analysis of economic factors based on critical input parameters. 1,4-butanediol price and solvent usage in PBS purification significantly impacted economics during the process. In this process, the MSP of PBS was 3.5 $/kg. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to determine the uncertainty in the MSP of PBS. The plant's return on investment (ROI), payback period, internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV) were 15.79 %, 6.33 years, 16.48 %, and 58,879,000 USD, respectively. The environmental impact factors were evaluated. The results showed the GHG emission from the process was 5.19 kg CO2-eq/kg of PBS which is low than conventional PBS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenkumar Rajendran
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 54896, Republic of Korea; Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Jeehoon Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Li X, Chen Y, Gao W, Mo A, Zhang Y, Jiang J, He D. Prominent toxicity of isocyanates and maleic anhydrides to Caenorhabditis elegans: Multilevel assay for typical organic additives of biodegradable plastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130051. [PMID: 36179627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics (BDP) are increasingly applied; however, there has been of concerns about their environmental safety, especially from nondegradable additive compositions. Until now, data of ecotoxicity of BDP additives is scarce. Here, nematode C. elegans was used to comparatively evaluate toxicity of an isocyanate additive, i.e., Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), a maleic anhydride, i.e., Diallyl maleate (DIM), and other four BDP organic additives. These additives caused lethality of nematodes at µg L-1 level, of lowest LC50 value of HDI/DIM. Uniform exposure to these additives resulted in various degrees of inhibitions in body volumes and longevity, indicating developmental toxicity. Moreover, BDP additives induced significant elevations of gst-4 expression, especially mean 123.54 %/234.29 % increase in HDI/DIM group, but reduced ges-1 expression, which indicates oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunction. BDP additives further caused inhibition in locomotor and food intake/excretion behavior, and related damages of glutamatergic neurons and GABAergic neurons, indicating their neurotoxicity. We found HDI and DIM presented relatively strong effects on susceptible endpoints including lethality, gst-4, mean lifespan, food intake and excretion behavior. Overall, this study suggests prominent ecotoxic risk of isocyanates and maleic anhydrides as BDP additives, which is significant for the selection of environmentally friendly BDP additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingxin Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Aoyun Mo
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Defu He
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Serrano-Ruiz H, Martin-Closas L, Pelacho AM. Impact of buried debris from agricultural biodegradable plastic mulches on two horticultural crop plants: Tomato and lettuce. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159167. [PMID: 36202362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulches (BDM) are increasingly valued and used for substituting non-biodegradable plastic mulches polluting agricultural soils. They are tilled into soil, where they fragment and release compounds throughout their biodegradation. The consequences of BDM use on the plant-soil environment have been partially studied with pristine and with artificially-weathered BDM fragments. However, to guarantee safety use of BDM, studies on the BDM debris effects are required. For this, to determine potential effects of the field-weathering BDM on plants, a mesocosm experiment was performed by sowing seeds from two major plant species commonly cultivated with BDM, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa), in plant pots containing pristine and field-weathered pieces from seven different BDM formulations, one paper mulch, a polyethylene (PE) mulch, and no-mulch control pots. Germination of both plant species was unaffected by any of the mulch treatments; however, PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate)-based BDM fragments severely inhibited tomato and lettuce plant growth, 90 and 95 %, respectively. Moreover, all pristine and field-weathered BDM significantly delayed lettuce plant development. Tomato plant growth progressed better, but growth retardation was also evidenced with most field-weathered BDM treatments. Overall, field-weathered fragments caused stronger effects on plants than the pristine unused ones. No effects were found for PE mulch, either pristine or field-weathered. The obtained results highlight that BDM debris may alter plant development depending on their nature and on their weathering, rather than on their physical presence, and evidence the need to conduct further experiments on the impact of field-weathered BDM on the plant-soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadaly Serrano-Ruiz
- Department of Horticulture, Botany and Gardening, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Lluis Martin-Closas
- Department of Horticulture, Botany and Gardening, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana M Pelacho
- Department of Horticulture, Botany and Gardening, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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50
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Agustin-Salazar S, Ricciulli M, Ambrogi V, Cerruti P, Scarinzi G. Thermomechanical Properties and Biodegradation Behavior of Itaconic Anhydride-Grafted PLA/Pecan Nutshell Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245532. [PMID: 36559900 PMCID: PMC9785769 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lignocellulose-rich biowaste as reinforcing filler in biodegradable polymers represents a sustainable option to obtain cost-effective bio-based materials to be used for several applications. In addition, the scarce polymer-biofiller interaction can be improved by reactive functionalization of the matrix. However, the obtained biocomposites might show high thermal deformability and possibly a slow biodegradation rate. In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) was first chemically modified with itaconic anhydride, and then biocomposites containing 50 wt.% of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) nutshell (PNS) biowaste were prepared and characterized. Their physical and morphological properties were determined, along with their biodegradation behavior in soil. Moreover, the effects of two environmentally friendly physical treatments, namely ball-milling of the filler and thermal annealing on biocomposites, were assessed. Grafting increased PLA thermal-oxidative stability and crystallinity. The latter was further enhanced by the presence of PNS, achieving a 30% overall increase compared to the plain matrix. Accordingly, the biocomposites displayed mechanical properties comparable to those of the plain matrix. Thermal annealing dramatically increased the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of all materials, and the heat deflection temperature of the biocomposites dramatically increased up to 60 °C with respect to the non-annealed samples. Finally, PNS promoted PLA biodegradation, triggering the swelling of the composites under soil burial, and accelerating the removal of the polymer amorphous phase. These results highlight the potential of combining natural fillers and environmentally benign physicochemical treatments to tailor the properties of PLA biocomposites. The high biofiller content used in this work, in conjunction with the chemical and physico-mechanical treatments applied, increased the thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical performance of PLA biocomposites while improving their biodegradation behavior. These outcomes allow for widening the application field of PLA biocomposites in those areas requiring a stiff and lightweight material with low deformability and faster biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Agustin-Salazar
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (DIQyM), University of Sonora, Building 5B, Del Conocimiento, Centro, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico
- Correspondence: (S.A.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Marco Ricciulli
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Gaetano Previati, 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.A.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Gennaro Scarinzi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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