1
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Woudenberg S, Hadid F, Weijers D, Borassi C. The maternal embrace: the protection of plant embryos. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4210-4218. [PMID: 38400751 PMCID: PMC11263485 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
All land plants-the embryophytes-produce multicellular embryos, as do other multicellular organisms, such as brown algae and animals. A unique characteristic of plant embryos is their immobile and confined nature. Their embedding in maternal tissues may offer protection from the environment, but also physically constrains development. Across the different land plants, a huge discrepancy is present between their reproductive structures whilst leading to similarly complex embryos. Therefore, we review the roles that maternal tissues play in the control of embryogenesis across land plants. These nurturing, constraining, and protective roles include both direct and indirect effects. In this review, we explore how the maternal surroundings affect embryogenesis and which chemical and mechanical barriers are in place. We regard these questions through the lens of evolution, and identify key questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Woudenberg
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Feras Hadid
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Borassi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Randriamanantsoa SJ, Raich MK, Saur D, Reichert M, Bausch AR. Coexisting mechanisms of luminogenesis in pancreatic cancer-derived organoids. iScience 2024; 27:110299. [PMID: 39055943 PMCID: PMC11269295 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lumens are crucial features of the tissue architecture in both the healthy exocrine pancreas, where ducts shuttle enzymes from the acini to the intestine, and in the precancerous lesions of the highly lethal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), similarly displaying lumens that can further develop into cyst-like structures. Branched pancreatic-cancer derived organoids capture key architectural features of both the healthy and diseased pancreas, including lumens. However, their transition from a solid mass of cells to a hollow tissue remains insufficiently explored. Here, we show that organoids display two orthogonal but complementary lumen formation mechanisms: one relying on fluid intake for multiple microlumen nucleation, swelling and fusion, and the other involving the death of a central cell population, thereby hollowing out cavities. These results shed further light on the processes of luminogenesis, deepening our understanding of the early formation of PDAC precancerous lesions, including cystic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Randriamanantsoa
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Chair for Cellular Biophysics E27, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering (COS), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marion K. Raich
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Chair for Cellular Biophysics E27, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering (COS), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering (COS), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Translational Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas R. Bausch
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Chair for Cellular Biophysics E27, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering (COS), 85748 Garching, Germany
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3
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Scepanovic G, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Should I shrink or should I grow: cell size changes in tissue morphogenesis. Genome 2024; 67:125-138. [PMID: 38198661 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cells change shape, move, divide, and die to sculpt tissues. Common to all these cell behaviours are cell size changes, which have recently emerged as key contributors to tissue morphogenesis. Cells can change their mass-the number of macromolecules they contain-or their volume-the space they encompass. Changes in cell mass and volume occur through different molecular mechanisms and at different timescales, slow for changes in mass and rapid for changes in volume. Therefore, changes in cell mass and cell volume, which are often linked, contribute to the development and shaping of tissues in different ways. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which cells can control and alter their size, and we discuss how changes in cell mass and volume contribute to tissue morphogenesis. The role that cell size control plays in developing embryos is only starting to be elucidated. Research on the signals that control cell size will illuminate our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Scepanovic
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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4
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Bovyn MJ, Haas PA. Shaping epithelial lumina under pressure. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:BST20230632C. [PMID: 38415294 PMCID: PMC10903447 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230632c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The formation of fluid- or gas-filled lumina surrounded by epithelial cells pervades development and disease. We review the balance between lumen pressure and mechanical forces from the surrounding cells that governs lumen formation. We illustrate the mechanical side of this balance in several examples of increasing complexity, and discuss how recent work is beginning to elucidate how nonlinear and active mechanics and anisotropic biomechanical structures must conspire to overcome the isotropy of pressure to form complex, non-spherical lumina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Bovyn
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pierre A. Haas
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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5
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Vian A, Pochitaloff M, Yen ST, Kim S, Pollock J, Liu Y, Sletten EM, Campàs O. In situ quantification of osmotic pressure within living embryonic tissues. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7023. [PMID: 37919265 PMCID: PMC10622550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics is known to play a fundamental role in many cellular and developmental processes. Beyond active forces and material properties, osmotic pressure is believed to control essential cell and tissue characteristics. However, it remains very challenging to perform in situ and in vivo measurements of osmotic pressure. Here we introduce double emulsion droplet sensors that enable local measurements of osmotic pressure intra- and extra-cellularly within 3D multicellular systems, including living tissues. After generating and calibrating the sensors, we measure the osmotic pressure in blastomeres of early zebrafish embryos as well as in the interstitial fluid between the cells of the blastula by monitoring the size of droplets previously inserted in the embryo. Our results show a balance between intracellular and interstitial osmotic pressures, with values of approximately 0.7 MPa, but a large pressure imbalance between the inside and outside of the embryo. The ability to measure osmotic pressure in 3D multicellular systems, including developing embryos and organoids, will help improve our understanding of its role in fundamental biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Vian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Pochitaloff
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shuo-Ting Yen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pollock
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yucen Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Otger Campàs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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6
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Matejčić M, Trepat X. Mechanobiological approaches to synthetic morphogenesis: learning by building. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:95-111. [PMID: 35879149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis occurs in a complex physicochemical microenvironment with limited experimental accessibility. This often prevents a clear identification of the processes that govern the formation of a given functional shape. By applying state-of-the-art methods to minimal tissue systems, synthetic morphogenesis aims to engineer the discrete events that are necessary and sufficient to build specific tissue shapes. Here, we review recent advances in synthetic morphogenesis, highlighting how a combination of microfabrication and mechanobiology is fostering our understanding of how tissues are built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Matejčić
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Ishihara K, Mukherjee A, Gromberg E, Brugués J, Tanaka EM, Jülicher F. Topological morphogenesis of neuroepithelial organoids. NATURE PHYSICS 2022; 19:177-183. [PMID: 36815964 PMCID: PMC9928582 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-022-01822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Animal organs exhibit complex topologies involving cavities and tubular networks, which underlie their form and function1-3. However, how topology emerges during the development of organ shape, or morphogenesis, remains elusive. Here we combine tissue reconstitution and quantitative microscopy to show that tissue topology and shape is governed by two distinct modes of topological transitions4,5. One mode involves the fusion of two separate epithelia and the other involves the fusion of two ends of the same epithelium. The morphological space is captured by a single control parameter that can be traced back to the relative rates of the two epithelial fusion modes. Finally, we identify a pharmacologically accessible pathway that regulates the frequency of two modes of epithelial fusion, and demonstrate the control of organoid topology and shape. The physical principles uncovered here provide fundamental insights into the self-organization of complex tissues6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (MPI-PKS), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Arghyadip Mukherjee
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (MPI-PKS), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Present Address: Laboratoire de physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Elena Gromberg
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Brugués
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (MPI-PKS), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elly M. Tanaka
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Jülicher
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (MPI-PKS), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Fuji K, Tanida S, Sano M, Nonomura M, Riveline D, Honda H, Hiraiwa T. Computational approaches for simulating luminogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:173-185. [PMID: 35773151 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lumens, liquid-filled cavities surrounded by polarized tissue cells, are elementary units involved in the morphogenesis of organs. Theoretical modeling and computations, which can integrate various factors involved in biophysics of morphogenesis of cell assembly and lumens, may play significant roles to elucidate the mechanisms in formation of such complex tissue with lumens. However, up to present, it has not been documented well what computational approaches or frameworks can be applied for this purpose and how we can choose the appropriate approach for each problem. In this review, we report some typical lumen morphologies and basic mechanisms for the development of lumens, focusing on three keywords - mechanics, hydraulics and geometry - while outlining pros and cons of the current main computational strategies. We also describe brief guidance of readouts, i.e., what we should measure in experiments to make the comparison with the model's assumptions and predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Fuji
- Universal Biology Institute, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sakurako Tanida
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sano
- Institute of Natural Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Makiko Nonomura
- Department of Mathematical Information Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumicho, Narashino-shi, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Laboratory of Cell Physics IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hisao Honda
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hiraiwa
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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9
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Ahuja N, Cleaver O. The cell cortex as mediator of pancreatic epithelial development and endocrine differentiation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 72:118-127. [PMID: 34929610 PMCID: PMC8915777 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis is the complex process of cells coordinating their own proliferation with changes to their shape, cell migration and cell-cell signaling, so that they transform into a three dimensional functional tissue, with its own custom range of differentiated cell types. Understanding when and where critical signals emanate from, and how those signals are transduced and interpreted, is the fundamental challenge of developmental biology. Here, we review recent findings regarding how progenitor cells interpret cues during pancreatic morphogenesis and how they coordinate cell fate determination. Recent evidence suggests that molecules located in the cell cortex play a crticial role in determining cellular behavior during pancreatic morphogenesis. Specifically, we find that control of cell adhesion, polarity, and constriction are all integral to both initiation of epithelial development and to later cell differentiation. Here, we review key molecules that coordinate these processes and suggest that the cell cortex acts as a signaling center that relays cues during pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Ahuja
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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10
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Tortelote GG, Colón-Leyva M, Saifudeen Z. Metabolic programming of nephron progenitor cell fate. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2155-2164. [PMID: 33089379 PMCID: PMC10734399 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways are one of the first responses at the cellular level to maternal/fetal interface stressors. Studies have revealed the previously unrecognized contributions of intermediary metabolism to developmental programs. Here, we provide an overview of cellular metabolic pathways and the cues that modulate metabolic states. We discuss the developmental and physiological implications of metabolic reprogramming and the key role of metabolites in epigenetic and epiproteomic modifications during embryonic development and with respect to kidney development and nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane G Tortelote
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL37, Room 5534, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Mariel Colón-Leyva
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL37, Room 5534, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL37, Room 5534, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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11
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Belicova L, Repnik U, Delpierre J, Gralinska E, Seifert S, Valenzuela JI, Morales-Navarrete HA, Franke C, Räägel H, Shcherbinina E, Prikazchikova T, Koteliansky V, Vingron M, Kalaidzidis YL, Zatsepin T, Zerial M. Anisotropic expansion of hepatocyte lumina enforced by apical bulkheads. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212522. [PMID: 34328499 PMCID: PMC8329733 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen morphogenesis results from the interplay between molecular pathways and mechanical forces. In several organs, epithelial cells share their apical surfaces to form a tubular lumen. In the liver, however, hepatocytes share the apical surface only between adjacent cells and form narrow lumina that grow anisotropically, generating a 3D network of bile canaliculi (BC). Here, by studying lumenogenesis in differentiating mouse hepatoblasts in vitro, we discovered that adjacent hepatocytes assemble a pattern of specific extensions of the apical membrane traversing the lumen and ensuring its anisotropic expansion. These previously unrecognized structures form a pattern, reminiscent of the bulkheads of boats, also present in the developing and adult liver. Silencing of Rab35 resulted in loss of apical bulkheads and lumen anisotropy, leading to cyst formation. Strikingly, we could reengineer hepatocyte polarity in embryonic liver tissue, converting BC into epithelial tubes. Our results suggest that apical bulkheads are cell-intrinsic anisotropic mechanical elements that determine the elongation of BC during liver tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Belicova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julien Delpierre
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elzbieta Gralinska
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Seifert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Franke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Helin Räägel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Nelson Laboratories LLC, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | - Martin Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Timofei Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Torres-Sánchez A, Winter MK, Salbreux G. Tissue hydraulics: Physics of lumen formation and interaction. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203724. [PMID: 34339904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lumen formation plays an essential role in the morphogenesis of tissues during development. Here we review the physical principles that play a role in the growth and coarsening of lumens. Solute pumping by the cell, hydraulic flows driven by differences of osmotic and hydrostatic pressures, balance of forces between extracellular fluids and cell-generated cytoskeletal forces, and electro-osmotic effects have been implicated in determining the dynamics and steady-state of lumens. We use the framework of linear irreversible thermodynamics to discuss the relevant force, time and length scales involved in these processes. We focus on order of magnitude estimates of physical parameters controlling lumen formation and coarsening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Kerr Winter
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Salbreux
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1205 Genève, Switzerland.
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13
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Collinet C, Lecuit T. Programmed and self-organized flow of information during morphogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:245-265. [PMID: 33483696 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
How the shape of embryos and organs emerges during development is a fundamental question that has fascinated scientists for centuries. Tissue dynamics arise from a small set of cell behaviours, including shape changes, cell contact remodelling, cell migration, cell division and cell extrusion. These behaviours require control over cell mechanics, namely active stresses associated with protrusive, contractile and adhesive forces, and hydrostatic pressure, as well as material properties of cells that dictate how cells respond to active stresses. In this Review, we address how cell mechanics and the associated cell behaviours are robustly organized in space and time during tissue morphogenesis. We first outline how not only gene expression and the resulting biochemical cues, but also mechanics and geometry act as sources of morphogenetic information to ultimately define the time and length scales of the cell behaviours driving morphogenesis. Next, we present two idealized modes of how this information flows - how it is read out and translated into a biological effect - during morphogenesis. The first, akin to a programme, follows deterministic rules and is hierarchical. The second follows the principles of self-organization, which rests on statistical rules characterizing the system's composition and configuration, local interactions and feedback. We discuss the contribution of these two modes to the mechanisms of four very general classes of tissue deformation, namely tissue folding and invagination, tissue flow and extension, tissue hollowing and, finally, tissue branching. Overall, we suggest a conceptual framework for understanding morphogenetic information that encapsulates genetics and biochemistry as well as mechanics and geometry as information modules, and the interplay of deterministic and self-organized mechanisms of their deployment, thereby diverging considerably from the traditional notion that shape is fully encoded and determined by genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Collinet
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM - UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Campus de Luminy Case 907, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Lecuit
- Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM - UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Campus de Luminy Case 907, Marseille, France. .,Collège de France, Paris, France.
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14
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Shiwarski DJ, Tashman JW, Tsamis A, Bliley JM, Blundon MA, Aranda-Michel E, Jallerat Q, Szymanski JM, McCartney BM, Feinberg AW. Fibronectin-based nanomechanical biosensors to map 3D surface strains in live cells and tissue. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5883. [PMID: 33208732 PMCID: PMC7675982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are integral to cellular migration, differentiation and tissue morphogenesis; however, it has proved challenging to directly measure strain at high spatial resolution with minimal perturbation in living sytems. Here, we fabricate, calibrate, and test a fibronectin (FN)-based nanomechanical biosensor (NMBS) that can be applied to the surface of cells and tissues to measure the magnitude, direction, and strain dynamics from subcellular to tissue length-scales. The NMBS is a fluorescently-labeled, ultra-thin FN lattice-mesh with spatial resolution tailored by adjusting the width and spacing of the lattice from 2-100 µm. Time-lapse 3D confocal imaging of the NMBS demonstrates 2D and 3D surface strain tracking during mechanical deformation of known materials and is validated with finite element modeling. Analysis of the NMBS applied to single cells, cell monolayers, and Drosophila ovarioles highlights the NMBS's ability to dynamically track microscopic tensile and compressive strains across diverse biological systems where forces guide structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Joshua W Tashman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alkiviadis Tsamis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jaci M Bliley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Malachi A Blundon
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Edgar Aranda-Michel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Quentin Jallerat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - John M Szymanski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brooke M McCartney
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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15
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Cohen JD, Sparacio AP, Belfi AC, Forman-Rubinsky R, Hall DH, Maul-Newby H, Frand AR, Sundaram MV. A multi-layered and dynamic apical extracellular matrix shapes the vulva lumen in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2020; 9:e57874. [PMID: 32975517 PMCID: PMC7544507 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological tubes must develop and maintain their proper diameter to transport materials efficiently. These tubes are molded and protected in part by apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) that line their lumens. Despite their importance, aECMs are difficult to image in vivo and therefore poorly understood. The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva has been a paradigm for understanding many aspects of organogenesis. Here we describe the vulva luminal matrix, which contains chondroitin proteoglycans, Zona Pellucida (ZP) domain proteins, and other glycoproteins and lipid transporters related to those in mammals. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy revealed, with unprecedented detail, a complex and dynamic aECM. Different matrix factors assemble on the apical surfaces of each vulva cell type, with clear distinctions seen between Ras-dependent (1°) and Notch-dependent (2°) cell types. Genetic perturbations suggest that chondroitin and other aECM factors together generate a structured scaffold that both expands and constricts lumen shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Cohen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Alessandro P Sparacio
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Alexandra C Belfi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Rachel Forman-Rubinsky
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - David H Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Hannah Maul-Newby
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Alison R Frand
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Meera V Sundaram
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
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16
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Schliffka MF, Maître JL. Stay hydrated: basolateral fluids shaping tissues. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Raayai-Ardakani S, Earl DR, Cohen T. The intimate relationship between cavitation and fracture. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4999-5005. [PMID: 31073585 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nearly three decades ago, the field of mechanics was cautioned of the obscure nature of cavitation processes in soft materials [A. Gent, Cavitation in rubber: a cautionary tale, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1990, 63, 49-53]. Since then, the debate on the mechanisms that drive this failure process is ongoing. Using a high precision volume controlled cavity expansion procedure, this paper reveals the intimate relationship between cavitation and fracture. Combining a Griffith inspired formulation for crack propagation, and a Gent inspired formulation for cavity expansion, we show that despite the apparent complexity of the fracture patterns, the pressure-volume response follows a predictable path. In contrast to available studies, both the model and our experiments are able to track the entire process including the unstable branch, by controlling the volume of the cavity. Moreover, this minimal theoretical framework is able to explain the ambiguity in previous experiments by revealing the presence of metastable states that can lead to first order transitions at onset of fracture. The agreement between the simple theory and all of the experimental results conducted in PDMS samples with shear moduli in the range of 25-246 [kPa] confirms that cavitation and fracture work together in driving the expansion process. Through this study we also determine the fracture energy of PDMS and show its significant dependence on strain stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Raayai-Ardakani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Hydraulic control of mammalian embryo size and cell fate. Nature 2019; 571:112-116. [PMID: 31189957 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Size control is fundamental in tissue development and homeostasis1,2. Although the role of cell proliferation in these processes has been widely studied, the mechanisms that control embryo size-and how these mechanisms affect cell fate-remain unknown. Here we use the mouse blastocyst as a model to unravel a key role of fluid-filled lumen in the control of embryo size and specification of cell fate. We find that there is a twofold increase in lumenal pressure during blastocyst development, which translates into a concomitant increase in cell cortical tension and tissue stiffness of the trophectoderm that lines the lumen. Increased cortical tension leads to vinculin mechanosensing and maturation of functional tight junctions, which establishes a positive feedback loop to accommodate lumen growth. When the cortical tension reaches a critical threshold, cell-cell adhesion cannot be sustained during mitotic entry, which leads to trophectoderm rupture and blastocyst collapse. A simple theory of hydraulically gated oscillations recapitulates the observed dynamics of size oscillations, and predicts the scaling of embryo size with tissue volume. This theory further predicts that disrupted tight junctions or increased tissue stiffness lead to a smaller embryo size, which we verified by biophysical, embryological, pharmacological and genetic perturbations. Changes in lumenal pressure and size can influence the cell division pattern of the trophectoderm, and thereby affect cell allocation and fate. Our study reveals how lumenal pressure and tissue mechanics control embryo size at the tissue scale, which is coupled to cell position and fate at the cellular scale.
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19
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Franco JJ, Atieh Y, Bryan CD, Kwan KM, Eisenhoffer GT. Cellular crowding influences extrusion and proliferation to facilitate epithelial tissue repair. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1890-1899. [PMID: 30785842 PMCID: PMC6727764 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial wound healing requires a complex orchestration of cellular rearrangements and movements to restore tissue architecture and function after injury. While it is well known that mechanical forces can affect tissue morphogenesis and patterning, how the biophysical cues generated after injury influence cellular behaviors during tissue repair is not well understood. Using time-lapse confocal imaging of epithelial tissues in living zebrafish larvae, we provide evidence that localized increases in cellular crowding during wound closure promote the extrusion of nonapoptotic cells via mechanically regulated stretch-activated ion channels (SACs). Directed cell migration toward the injury site promoted rapid changes in cell number and generated shifts in tension at cellular interfaces over long spatial distances. Perturbation of SAC activity resulted in failed extrusion and increased proliferation in crowded areas of the tissue. Together, we conclude that localized cell number plays a key role in dictating cellular behaviors that facilitate wound closure and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovany J Franco
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
| | - Youmna Atieh
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Chase D Bryan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Kristen M Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - George T Eisenhoffer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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20
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Jepsen ML, Nielsen LH, Boisen A, Almdal K, Dufva M. Characterization of thin gelatin hydrogel membranes with balloon properties for dynamic tissue engineering. Biopolymers 2018; 110:e23241. [PMID: 30536858 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell or tissue stretching and strain are present in any in vivo environment, but is difficult to reproduce in vitro. Here, we describe a simple method for casting a thin (about 500 μm) and soft (about 0.3 kPa) hydrogel of gelatin and a method for characterizing the mechanical properties of the hydrogel simply by changing pressure with a water column. The gelatin is crosslinked with mTransglutaminase and the area of the resulting hydrogel can be increased up 13-fold by increasing the radial water pressure. This is far beyond physiological stretches observed in vivo. Actuating the hydrogel with a radial force achieves both information about stiffness, stretchability, and contractability, which are relevant properties for tissue engineering purposes. Cells could be stretched and contracted using the gelatin membrane. Gelatin is a commonly used polymer for hydrogels in tissue engineering, and the discovered reversible stretching is particularly interesting for organ modeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Leth Jepsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line Hagner Nielsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Lechuga S, Amin PH, Wolen AR, Ivanov AI. Adducins inhibit lung cancer cell migration through mechanisms involving regulation of cell-matrix adhesion and cadherin-11 expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:395-408. [PMID: 30290240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a critical mechanism controlling tissue morphogenesis, epithelial wound healing and tumor metastasis. Migrating cells depend on orchestrated remodeling of the plasma membrane and the underlying actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by the spectrin-adducin-based membrane skeleton. Expression of adducins is altered during tumorigenesis, however, their involvement in metastatic dissemination of tumor cells remains poorly characterized. This study investigated the roles of α-adducin (ADD1) and γ-adducin (ADD3) in regulating migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. ADD1 was mislocalized, whereas ADD3 was markedly downregulated in NSCLC cells with the invasive mesenchymal phenotype. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ADD1 and ADD3 in epithelial-type NSCLC and normal bronchial epithelial cells promoted their Boyden chamber migration and Matrigel invasion. Furthermore, overexpression of ADD1, but not ADD3, in mesenchymal-type NSCLC cells decreased cell migration and invasion. ADD1-overexpressing NSCLC cells demonstrated increased adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), accompanied by enhanced assembly of focal adhesions and hyperphosphorylation of Src and paxillin. The increased adhesiveness and decreased motility of ADD1-overexpressing cells were reversed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Src. By contrast, the accelerated migration of ADD1 and ADD3-depleted NSCLC cells was ECM adhesion-independent and was driven by the upregulated expression of pro-motile cadherin-11. Overall, our findings reveal a novel function of adducins as negative regulators of NSCLC cell migration and invasion, which could be essential for limiting lung cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Parth H Amin
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Aaron R Wolen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America.
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22
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Siregar P, Julen N, Hufnagl P, Mutter G. A general framework dedicated to computational morphogenesis Part I - Constitutive equations. Biosystems 2018; 173:298-313. [PMID: 30005999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand living organisms, considerable experimental efforts and resources have been devoted to correlate genes and their expressions with cell, tissue, organ and whole organisms' phenotypes. This data driven approach to knowledge discovery has led to many breakthrough in our understanding of healthy and diseased states, and is paving the way to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Complementary to this data-driven approach, computational models of biological systems based on first principles have been developed in order to deepen our understanding of the multi-scale dynamics that drives normal and pathological biological functions. In this paper we describe the biological, physical and mathematical concepts that led to the design of a Computational Morphogenesis (CM) platform baptized Generic Modeling and Simulating Platform (GMSP). Its role is to generate realistic 3D multi-scale biological tissues from virtual stem cells and the intended target applications include in virtuo studies of normal and abnormal tissue (re)generation as well as the development of complex diseases such as carcinogenesis. At all space-scales of interest, biological agents interact with each other via biochemical, bioelectrical, and mechanical fields that operate in concert during embryogenesis, growth and adult life. The spatio-temporal dependencies of these fields can be modeled by physics-based constitutive equations that we propose to examine in relation to the landmark biological events that occur during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Hufnagl
- Department of Digital Pathology and IT, Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Mutter
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Dasgupta A, Merkel M, Clark MJ, Jacob AE, Dawson JE, Manning ML, Amack JD. Cell volume changes contribute to epithelial morphogenesis in zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle. eLife 2018; 7:30963. [PMID: 29376824 PMCID: PMC5800858 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
How epithelial cell behaviors are coordinately regulated to sculpt tissue architecture is a fundamental question in biology. Kupffer’s vesicle (KV), a transient organ with a fluid-filled lumen, provides a simple system to investigate the interplay between intrinsic cellular mechanisms and external forces during epithelial morphogenesis. Using 3-dimensional (3D) analyses of single cells we identify asymmetric cell volume changes along the anteroposterior axis of KV that coincide with asymmetric cell shape changes. Blocking ion flux prevents these cell volume changes and cell shape changes. Vertex simulations suggest cell shape changes do not depend on lumen expansion. Consistent with this prediction, asymmetric changes in KV cell volume and shape occur normally when KV lumen growth fails due to leaky cell adhesions. These results indicate ion flux mediates cell volume changes that contribute to asymmetric cell shape changes in KV, and that these changes in epithelial morphology are separable from lumen-generated forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnik Dasgupta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Matthias Merkel
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Madeline J Clark
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Andrew E Jacob
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | | | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
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24
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Hamze-Komaiha O, Sarr S, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Samuel D, Gassama-Diagne A. SHIP2 Regulates Lumen Generation, Cell Division, and Ciliogenesis through the Control of Basolateral to Apical Lumen Localization of Aurora A and HEF 1. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2738-2752. [PMID: 27926875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen formation during epithelial morphogenesis requires the creation of a luminal space at cell interfaces named apical membrane-initiation sites (AMISs). This is dependent upon integrated signaling from mechanical and biochemical cues, vesicle trafficking, cell division, and processes tightly coupled to ciliogenesis. Deciphering relationships between polarity determinants and lumen or cilia generation remains a fundamental issue. Here, we report that Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2), a basolateral determinant of polarity, regulates RhoA-dependent actin contractility and cell division to form AMISs. SHIP2 regulates mitotic spindle alignment. SHIP2 is expressed in G1 phase, whereas Aurora A kinase is enriched in mitosis. SHIP2 binds Aurora A kinase and the scaffolding protein HEF1 and promotes their basolateral localization at the expense of their luminal expression connected with cilia resorption. Furthermore, SHIP2 expression increases cilia length. Thus, our findings offer new insight into the relationships among basolateral proteins, lumen generation, and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hamze-Komaiha
- Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France; Unité 1193, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sokavuth Sarr
- Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France; Unité 1193, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Didier Samuel
- Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France; Unité 1193, 94800 Villejuif, France; AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Ama Gassama-Diagne
- Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France; Unité 1193, 94800 Villejuif, France.
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