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Ge MJ, Chen G, Zhang ZQ, Yu ZH, Shen JX, Pan C, Han F, Xu H, Zhu XL, Lu YP. Chronic restraint stress induces depression-like behaviors and alterations in the afferent projections of medial prefrontal cortex from multiple brain regions in mice. Brain Res Bull 2024; 213:110981. [PMID: 38777132 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) forms output pathways through projection neurons, inversely receiving adjacent and long-range inputs from other brain regions. However, how afferent neurons of mPFC are affected by chronic stress needs to be clarified. In this study, the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS) on the distribution density of mPFC dendrites/dendritic spines and the projections from the cortex and subcortical brain regions to the mPFC were investigated. METHODS In the present study, C57BL/6 J transgenic (Thy1-YFP-H) mice were subjected to CRS to establish an animal model of depression. The infralimbic (IL) of mPFC was selected as the injection site of retrograde AAV using stereotactic technique. The effects of CRS on dendrites/dendritic spines and afferent neurons of the mPFC IL were investigaed by quantitatively assessing the distribution density of green fluorescent (YFP) positive dendrites/dendritic spines and red fluorescent (retrograde AAV recombinant protein) positive neurons, respectively. RESULTS The results revealed that retrograde tracing virus labeled neurons were widely distributed in ipsilateral and contralateral cingulate cortex (Cg1), second cingulate cortex (Cg2), prelimbic cortex (PrL), infralimbic cortex, medial orbital cortex (MO), and dorsal peduncular cortex (DP). The effects of CRS on the distribution density of mPFC red fluorescence positive neurons exhibited regional differences, ranging from rostral to caudal or from top to bottom. Simultaneously, CRS resulted a decrease in the distribution density of basal, proximal and distal dendrites, as well as an increase in the loss of dendritic spines of the distal dendrites in the IL of mPFC. Furthermore, varying degrees of red retrograde tracing virus fluorescence signals were observed in other cortices, amygdala, hippocampus, septum/basal forebrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, mesencephalon, and brainstem in both ipsilateral and contralateral brain. CRS significantly reduced the distribution density of red fluorescence positive neurons in other cortices, hippocampus, septum/basal forebrain, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Conversely, CRS significantly increased the distribution density of red fluorescence positive neurons in amygdala. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a possible mechanism that CRS leads to disturbances in synaptic plasticity by affecting multiple inputs to the mPFC, which is characterized by a decrease in the distribution density of dendrites/dendritic spines in the IL of mPFC and a reduction in input neurons of multiple cortices to the IL of mPFC as well as an increase in input neurons of amygdala to the IL of mPFC, ultimately causing depression-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Ge
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Geng Chen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zong-Hao Yu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jun-Xian Shen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Chuan Pan
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China; Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Wuxiashan West Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China; Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China.
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Mooziri M, Samii Moghaddam A, Mirshekar MA, Raoufy MR. Olfactory bulb-medial prefrontal cortex theta synchronization is associated with anxiety. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12101. [PMID: 38802558 PMCID: PMC11130310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is among the most fundamental mammalian behaviors. Despite the physiological and pathological importance, its underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we recorded the activity of olfactory bulb (OB) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats, which are critical structures to brain's emotional processing network, while exploring different anxiogenic environments. Our results show that presence in anxiogenic contexts increases the OB and mPFC regional theta activities. Also, these local activity changes are associated with enhanced OB-mPFC theta power- and phase-based functional connectivity as well as OB-to-mPFC information transfer. Interestingly, these effects are more prominent in the unsafe zones of the anxiogenic environments, compared to safer zones. This consistent trend of changes in diverse behavioral environments as well as local and long-range neural activity features suggest that the dynamics of OB-mPFC circuit theta oscillations might underlie different types of anxiety behaviors, with possible implications for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mooziri
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Samii Moghaddam
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mirshekar
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Freeman AR, Arenas S, Lee DN, Singh B, Ophir AG. Characterization of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in the Southern giant pouched rat and comparison to other rodents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1390203. [PMID: 38803478 PMCID: PMC11128605 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1390203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin and oxytocin are well known and evolutionarily ancient modulators of social behavior. The distribution and relative densities of vasopressin and oxytocin receptors are known to modulate the sensitivity to these signaling molecules. Comparative work is needed to determine which neural networks have been conserved and modified over evolutionary time, and which social behaviors are commonly modulated by nonapeptide signaling. To this end, we used receptor autoradiography to determine the distribution of vasopressin 1a and oxytocin receptors in the Southern giant pouched rat (Cricetomys ansorgei) brain, and to assess the relative densities of these receptors in specific brain regions. We then compared the relative receptor pattern to 23 other species of rodents using a multivariate ANOVA. Pouched rat receptor patterns were strikingly similar to hamsters and voles overall, despite the variation in social organization among species. Uniquely, the pouched rat had dense vasopressin 1a receptor binding in the caudate-putamen (i.e., striatum), an area that might impact affiliative behavior in this species. In contrast, the pouched rat had relatively little oxytocin receptor binding in much of the anterior forebrain. Notably, however, oxytocin receptor binding demonstrated extremely dense binding in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, which is associated with the modulation of several social behaviors and a central hub of the social decision-making network. Examination of the nonapeptide system has the potential to reveal insights into species-specific behaviors and general themes in the modulation of social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Freeman
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, United States
| | - Samanta Arenas
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Danielle N. Lee
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Comparative Medicine Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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4
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Yang K, Hasegawa Y, Bhattarai JP, Hua J, Dower M, Etyemez S, Prasad N, Duvall L, Paez A, Smith A, Wang Y, Zhang YF, Lane AP, Ishizuka K, Kamath V, Ma M, Kamiya A, Sawa A. Inflammation-related pathology in the olfactory epithelium: its impact on the olfactory system in psychotic disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1453-1464. [PMID: 38321120 PMCID: PMC11189720 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Smell deficits and neurobiological changes in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory epithelium (OE) have been observed in schizophrenia and related disorders. The OE is the most peripheral olfactory system located outside the cranium, and is connected with the brain via direct neuronal projections to the OB. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether and how a disturbance of the OE affects the OB in schizophrenia and related disorders. Addressing this gap would be the first step in studying the impact of OE pathology in the disease pathophysiology in the brain. In this cross-species study, we observed that chronic, local OE inflammation with a set of upregulated genes in an inducible olfactory inflammation (IOI) mouse model led to a volume reduction, layer structure changes, and alterations of neuron functionality in the OB. Furthermore, IOI model also displayed behavioral deficits relevant to negative symptoms (avolition) in parallel to smell deficits. In first episode psychosis (FEP) patients, we observed a significant alteration in immune/inflammation-related molecular signatures in olfactory neuronal cells (ONCs) enriched from biopsied OE and a significant reduction in the OB volume, compared with those of healthy controls (HC). The increased expression of immune/inflammation-related molecules in ONCs was significantly correlated to the OB volume reduction in FEP patients, but no correlation was found in HCs. Moreover, the increased expression of human orthologues of the IOI genes in ONCs was significantly correlated with the OB volume reduction in FEP, but not in HCs. Together, our study implies a potential mechanism of the OE-OB pathology in patients with psychotic disorders (schizophrenia and related disorders). We hope that this mechanism may have a cross-disease implication, including COVID-19-elicited mental conditions that include smell deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuto Hasegawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milan Dower
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Semra Etyemez
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neal Prasad
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Duvall
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Paez
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yun-Feng Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Riazi H, Nazari M, Raoufy MR, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Shojaei A. Olfactory Epithelium Stimulation Using Rhythmic Nasal Air-Puffs Improves the Cognitive Performance of Individuals with Acute Sleep Deprivation. Brain Sci 2024; 14:378. [PMID: 38672027 PMCID: PMC11048381 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of intranasal air-puffing on cognitive impairments and brain cortical activity following one night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) in adults. A total of 26 healthy adults underwent the numerical Stroop test (NST) and electroencephalography (EEG) before and after one night of PSD. Following PSD, subjects in the treatment group (n = 13) received nasal air-puffs (5 Hz, 3 min) before beginning the NST and EEG recording. Administration of nasal air-puffs in the treatment group restored the PSD-induced increase in error rate and decrease in reaction time and missing rate in the NST. Intranasal air-puffs recovered the PSD-induced augmentation of delta and theta power and the reduction of beta and gamma power in the EEG, particularly in the frontal lobes. Intranasal air-puffing also almost reversed the PSD-induced decrease in EEG signal complexity. Furthermore, it had a restorative effect on PSD-induced alteration in intra-default mode network functional connectivity in the beta and gamma frequency bands. Rhythmic nasal air-puffing can mitigate acute PSD-induced impairments in cognitive functions. It exerts part of its ameliorating effect by restoring neuronal activity in cortical brain areas involved in cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Riazi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran; (H.R.); (M.R.R.); (J.M.-Z.)
| | - Milad Nazari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Center for Proteins in Memory—PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, 1057 København, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran; (H.R.); (M.R.R.); (J.M.-Z.)
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran; (H.R.); (M.R.R.); (J.M.-Z.)
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran; (H.R.); (M.R.R.); (J.M.-Z.)
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
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Farias CP, Leite AKO, Schmidt BE, de Carvalho Myskiw J, Wyse ATS. The 5-HT2A, 5-HT5A, and 5-HT6 serotonergic receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex behave differently in extinction learning: Does social support play a role? Behav Brain Res 2024; 463:114922. [PMID: 38408524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the social modulation of fear have revealed that in social species, individuals in a distressed state show better recovery from aversive experiences when accompanied - referred to as social buffering. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, hindering the understanding of such an approach. Our previous data showed that the presence of a conspecific during the extinction task inhibited the retrieval of fear memory without affecting the extinction memory in the retention test. Here, we investigate the role of serotonergic receptors (5-HTRs), specifically 5-HT2A, 5-HT5A, and 5-HT6 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), In the retention of extinction after the extinction task, in the absence or presence of social support. Extinction training was conducted on 60-day-old male Wistar rats either alone or with a conspecific (a familiar cagemate, non-fearful). The antagonists for these receptors were administered directly into the mPFC immediately after the extinction training. The results indicate that blocking 5-HT5A (SB-699551-10 μg/side) and 5-HT6 (SB-271046A - 10 μg/side) receptors in the mPFC impairs the consolidation of CFC in the social support group. Interestingly, blocking 5-HT2A receptors (R65777 - 4 μg/side) in the mPFC led to impaired CFC specifically in the group undergoing extinction training alone. These findings contribute to a better understanding of brain mechanisms and neuromodulation associated with social support during an extinction protocol. They are consistent with previously published research, suggesting that the extinction of contextual fear conditioning with social support involves distinct neuromodulatory processes compared to when extinction training is conducted alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Penha Farias
- Graduate Program in Translational Neuroscience, PGNET, National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse´s Lab), Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Oliveira Leite
- Graduate Program in Translational Neuroscience, PGNET, National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse´s Lab), Brazil
| | - Bianca Estefani Schmidt
- Graduate Program in Translational Neuroscience, PGNET, National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse´s Lab), Brazil
| | - Jociane de Carvalho Myskiw
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Graduate Program in Translational Neuroscience, PGNET, National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse´s Lab), Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Shahsavar P, Ghazvineh S, Raoufy MR. From nasal respiration to brain dynamic. Rev Neurosci 2024; 0:revneuro-2023-0152. [PMID: 38579456 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
While breathing is a vital, involuntary physiological function, the mode of respiration, particularly nasal breathing, exerts a profound influence on brain activity and cognitive processes. This review synthesizes existing research on the interactions between nasal respiration and the entrainment of oscillations across brain regions involved in cognition. The rhythmic activation of olfactory sensory neurons during nasal respiration is linked to oscillations in widespread brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and parietal cortex, as well as the piriform cortex. The phase-locking of neural oscillations to the respiratory cycle, through nasal breathing, enhances brain inter-regional communication and is associated with cognitive abilities like memory. Understanding the nasal breathing impact on brain networks offers opportunities to explore novel methods for targeting the olfactory pathway as a means to enhance emotional and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Shahsavar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 41616 Tarbiat Modares University , Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ghazvineh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 41616 Tarbiat Modares University , Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 41616 Tarbiat Modares University , Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, 41616 Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University , Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
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Li H, Jiang T, An S, Xu M, Gou L, Ren B, Shi X, Wang X, Yan J, Yuan J, Xu X, Wu QF, Luo Q, Gong H, Bian WJ, Li A, Yu X. Single-neuron projectomes of mouse paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus oxytocin neurons reveal mutually exclusive projection patterns. Neuron 2024; 112:1081-1099.e7. [PMID: 38290516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) plays important roles in autonomic control and behavioral modulation. However, it is unknown how the projection patterns of OXT neurons align with underlying physiological functions. Here, we present the reconstructed single-neuron, whole-brain projectomes of 264 OXT neurons of the mouse paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) at submicron resolution. These neurons hierarchically clustered into two groups, with distinct morphological and transcriptional characteristics and mutually exclusive projection patterns. Cluster 1 (177 neurons) axons terminated exclusively in the median eminence (ME) and have few collaterals terminating within hypothalamic regions. By contrast, cluster 2 (87 neurons) sent wide-spread axons to multiple brain regions, but excluding ME. Dendritic arbors of OXT neurons also extended outside of the PVH, suggesting capability to sense signals and modulate target regions. These single-neuron resolution observations reveal distinct OXT subpopulations, provide comprehensive analysis of their morphology, and lay the structural foundation for better understanding the functional heterogeneity of OXT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humingzhu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Peking University McGovern Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sile An
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingrui Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingfeng Gou
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Biyu Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoxue Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Gong
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen-Jie Bian
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Anan Li
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Peking University McGovern Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
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Liao BY, Weng MP, Chang TY, Chang AYF, Ching YH, Wu CH. Degeneration of the Olfactory System in a Murid Rodent that Evolved Diurnalism. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae037. [PMID: 38376543 PMCID: PMC10906987 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammalian research, it has been debated what can initiate an evolutionary tradeoff between different senses, and the phenomenon of sensory tradeoff in rodents, the most abundant mammalian clade, is not evident. The Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus), a murid rodent, recently adapted to a diurnal niche through an evolutionary acquisition of daylight vision with enhanced visual acuity. As such, this model provides an opportunity for a cross-species investigation where comparative morphological and multi-omic analyses of the Nile rat are made with its closely related nocturnal species, e.g. the mouse (Mus musculus) and the rat (Rattus norvegicus). Thus, morphological examinations were performed, and evolutionary reductions in relative sizes of turbinal bone surfaces, the cribriform plate, and the olfactory bulb were discovered in Nile rats. Subsequently, we compared multiple murid genomes, and profiled olfactory epithelium transcriptomes of mice and Nile rats at various ages with RNA sequencing. The results further demonstrate that, in comparison with mouse olfactory receptor (OR) genes, Nile rat OR genes have experienced less frequent gain, more frequent loss, and more frequent expression reduction during their evolution. Furthermore, functional degeneration of coding sequences in the Nile rat lineage was found in OR genes, yet not in other genes. Taken together, these results suggest that acquisition of improved vision in the Nile rat has been accompanied by degeneration of both olfaction-related anatomical structures and OR gene repertoires, consistent with the hypothesis of an olfaction-vision tradeoff initiated by the switch from a nocturnal to a diurnal lifestyle in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Yang Liao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Meng-Pin Weng
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Yan Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Andrew Ying-Fei Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Hao Ching
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hwa Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan, Republic of China
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10
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Borbély É, Kecskés A, Kun J, Kepe E, Fülöp B, Kovács-Rozmer K, Scheich B, Renner É, Palkovits M, Helyes Z. Hemokinin-1 is a mediator of chronic restraint stress-induced pain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20030. [PMID: 37973885 PMCID: PMC10654722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tac4 gene-derived hemokinin-1 (HK-1) binds to the NK1 receptor, similarly to Substance P, and plays a role in acute stress reactions and pain transmission in mice. Here we investigated Tac4 mRNA expression in stress and pain-related regions and its involvement in chronic restraint stress-evoked behavioral changes and pain using Tac4 gene-deleted (Tac4-/-) mice compared to C57Bl/6 wildtypes (WT). Tac4 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization RNAscope technique. Touch sensitivity was assessed by esthesiometry, cold tolerance by paw withdrawal latency from 0°C water. Anxiety was evaluated in the light-dark box (LDB) and open field test (OFT), depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test (TST). Adrenal and thymus weights were measured at the end of the experiment. We found abundant Tac4 expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but Tac4 mRNA was also detected in the hippocampus, amygdala, somatosensory and piriform cortices in mice, and in the frontal regions and the amygdala in humans. In Tac4-/- mice of both sexes, stress-induced mechanical, but not cold hyperalgesia was significantly decreased compared to WTs. Stress-induced behavioral alterations were mild or absent in male WT animals, while significant changes of these parameters could be detected in females. Thymus weight decrease can be observed in both sexes. Higher baseline anxiety and depression-like behaviors were detected in male but not in female HK-1-deficient mice, highlighting the importance of investigating both sexes in preclinical studies. We provided the first evidence for the potent nociceptive and stress regulating effects of HK-1 in chronic restraint stress paradigm. Identification of its targets might open new perspectives for therapy of stress-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Angéla Kecskés
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Kun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kepe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Barbara Fülöp
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kovács-Rozmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Chronic Pain Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Scheich
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd, Pécs, Hungary
- Chronic Pain Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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11
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Yang K, Ayala-Grosso C, Bhattarai JP, Sheriff A, Takahashi T, Cristino AS, Zelano C, Ma M. Unraveling the Link between Olfactory Deficits and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7501-7510. [PMID: 37940584 PMCID: PMC10634556 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1380-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Smell loss has caught public attention during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Research on olfactory function in health and disease gains new momentum. Smell deficits have long been recognized as an early clinical sign associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we review research on the associations between olfactory deficits and neuropathological conditions, focusing on recent progress in four areas: (1) human clinical studies of the correlations between smell deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders; (2) development of olfactory mucosa-derived tissue and cell models for studying the molecular pathologic mechanisms; (3) recent findings in brain imaging studies of structural and functional connectivity changes in olfactory pathways in neuropsychiatric disorders; and (4) application of preclinical animal models to validate and extend the findings from human subjects. Together, these studies have provided strong evidence of the link between the olfactory system and neuropsychiatric disorders, highlighting the relevance of deepening our understanding of the role of the olfactory system in pathophysiological processes. Following the lead of studies reviewed here, future research in this field may open the door to the early detection of neuropsychiatric disorders, personalized treatment approaches, and potential therapeutic interventions through nasal administration techniques, such as nasal brush or nasal spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Carlos Ayala-Grosso
- Unit of Cellular Therapy, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela
- Unit of Advanced Therapies, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, Bogotá, Colombia 111-611
| | - Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Andrew Sheriff
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Alexandre S Cristino
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Christina Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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12
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Brunert D, Quintela RM, Rothermel M. The anterior olfactory nucleus revisited - an emerging role for neuropathological conditions? Prog Neurobiol 2023:102486. [PMID: 37343762 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is an important sensory modality for many species and greatly influences animal and human behavior. Still, much about olfactory perception remains unknown. The anterior olfactory nucleus is one of the brain's central early olfactory processing areas. Located directly posterior to the olfactory bulb in the olfactory peduncle with extensive in- and output connections and unique cellular composition, it connects olfactory processing centers of the left and right hemispheres. Almost 20 years have passed since the last comprehensive review on the anterior olfactory nucleus has been published and significant advances regarding its anatomy, function, and pathophysiology have been made in the meantime. Here we briefly summarize previous knowledge on the anterior olfactory nucleus, give detailed insights into the progress that has been made in recent years, and map out its emerging importance in translational research of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brunert
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Rothermel
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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13
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Marin C, Alobid I, Fuentes M, López-Chacón M, Mullol J. Olfactory Dysfunction in Mental Illness. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:153-164. [PMID: 36696016 PMCID: PMC9875195 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Olfactory dysfunction contributes to the psychopathology of mental illness. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction, and the most common olfactory alterations in several mental illnesses. We also highlight the role, hitherto underestimated, that the olfactory pathways play in the regulation of higher brain functions and its involvement in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, as well as the effect of inflammation on neurogenesis as a possible mechanism involved in olfactory dysfunction in psychiatric conditions. RECENT FINDINGS The olfactory deficits present in anxiety, depression, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder consist of specific alterations of different components of the sense of smell, mainly the identification of odours, as well as the qualifications of their hedonic valence (pleasant or unpleasant). Epidemiological findings have shown that both environmental factors, such as air pollutants, and inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract, can contribute to an increased risk of mental illness, at least in part, due to peripheral inflammatory mechanisms of the olfactory system. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction, and the most common olfactory function alterations in several psychiatric conditions and its role as a useful symptom for the differential diagnosis. We also highlight the effect of inflammation on neurogenesis as a possible mechanism involved in olfactory dysfunction in these psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepció Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isam Alobid
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mireya Fuentes
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauricio López-Chacón
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CELLEX, Department 2B, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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14
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Brondi M, Lodovichi C. Cranial Window for Acute and Chronic Optical Access to Record Neuronal Network Dynamics in the Olfactory Bulb. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2710:131-148. [PMID: 37688730 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3425-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Cranial window implant is the preparation of choice for acute and chronic optical access to a given brain area. The cranial window provides a stable preparation, which can last for months. This window allows to follow the activity of distinct population of neurons expressing genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of activity in awake, behaving, head-fixed animals. The optical access can also be exploited for acute imaging, in anesthetized animals. Here we provide a detailed protocol for acute and chronic cranial window implantations in the olfactory bulb. We also provide the procedure to perform injections of adeno-associated viruses expressing genetically encoded fluorescent sensors in the same area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brondi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padova, Italy
- IN-CNR, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Lodovichi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padova, Italy
- IN-CNR, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
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15
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Zhao Y, Bhutani S, Kahnt T. Appetite-regulating hormones modulate odor perception and odor-evoked activity in hypothalamus and olfactory cortices. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad039. [PMID: 37796827 PMCID: PMC10590159 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Odors guide food seeking, and food intake modulates olfactory function. This interaction is mediated by appetite-regulating hormones like ghrelin, insulin, and leptin, which alter activity in the rodent olfactory bulb, but their effects on downstream olfactory cortices have not yet been established in humans. The olfactory tract connects the olfactory bulb to the cortex through 3 main striae, terminating in the piriform cortex (PirC), amygdala (AMY), olfactory tubercule (OT), and anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Here, we test the hypothesis that appetite-regulating hormones modulate olfactory processing in the endpoints of the olfactory tract and the hypothalamus. We collected odor-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses and plasma levels of ghrelin, insulin, and leptin from human subjects (n = 25) after a standardized meal. We found that a hormonal composite measure, capturing variance relating positively to insulin and negatively to ghrelin, correlated inversely with odor intensity ratings and fMRI responses to odorized vs. clean air in the hypothalamus, OT, and AON. No significant correlations were found with activity in PirC or AMY, the endpoints of the lateral stria. Exploratory whole-brain analyses revealed significant correlations near the diagonal band of Broca and parahippocampal gyrus. These results demonstrate that high (low) blood plasma concentrations of insulin (ghrelin) decrease perceived odor intensity and odor-evoked activity in the cortical targets of the medial and intermediate striae of the olfactory tract, as well as the hypothalamus. These findings expand our understanding of the cortical mechanisms by which metabolic hormones in humans modulate olfactory processing after a meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular and Neurocomputational Systems Branch, Baltimore, MD,United States
| | - Surabhi Bhutani
- San Diego State University, School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Thorsten Kahnt
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Cellular and Neurocomputational Systems Branch, Baltimore, MD,United States
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16
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Newhouse A, Kritzer MD, Eryilmaz H, Praschan N, Camprodon JA, Fricchione G, Chemali Z. Neurocircuitry Hypothesis and Clinical Experience in Treating Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2022; 63:619-627. [PMID: 36030055 PMCID: PMC9404079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection have been termed postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Many of these symptoms are neuropsychiatric, such as inattention, impaired memory, and executive dysfunction; these are often colloquially termed "brain fog". These symptoms are common and often persist long after the acute phase. The pattern of these deficits combined with laboratory, neuroimaging, electroencephalographic, and neuropsychological data suggest that these symptoms may be driven by direct and indirect damage to the frontal-subcortical neural networks. Here, we review this evidence, share our clinical experience at an academic medical center, and discuss potential treatment implications. While the exact etiology remains unknown, a neurocircuit-informed understanding of postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can help guide pharmacology, neuromodulation, and physical and psychological therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Newhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Michael D Kritzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hamdi Eryilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nathan Praschan
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory Fricchione
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zeina Chemali
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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17
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Noradrenergic consolidation of social recognition memory is mediated by β-arrestin-biased signaling in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1097. [PMID: 36253525 PMCID: PMC9576713 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Social recognition memory (SRM) is critical for maintaining social relationships and increasing the survival rate. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is an important brain area associated with SRM storage. Norepinephrine (NE) release regulates mPFC neuronal intrinsic excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission, however, the roles of NE signaling in the circuitry of the locus coeruleus (LC) pathway to the mPFC during SRM storage are unknown. Here we found that LC-mPFC NE projections bidirectionally regulated SRM consolidation. Propranolol infusion and β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) or β-arrestin2 knockout in the mPFC disrupted SRM consolidation. When carvedilol, a β-blocker that can mildly activate β-arrestin-biased signaling, was injected, the mice showed no significant suppression of SRM consolidation. The impaired SRM consolidation caused by β1-AR or β-arrestin2 knockout in the mPFC was not rescued by activating LC-mPFC NE projections; however, the impaired SRM by inhibition of LC-mPFC NE projections or β1-AR knockout in the mPFC was restored by activating the β-arrestin signaling pathway in the mPFC. Furthermore, the activation of β-arrestin signaling improved SRM consolidation in aged mice. Our study suggests that LC-mPFC NE projections regulate SRM consolidation through β-arrestin-biased β-AR signaling. Social memory consolidation requires norepinephrine release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and enhancing beta-arrestin signaling in the mPFC restores social recognition memory that is normally impaired by age in mice.
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18
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Abstract
Breathing is a vital rhythmic motor behavior with a surprisingly broad influence on the brain and body. The apparent simplicity of breathing belies a complex neural control system, the breathing central pattern generator (bCPG), that exhibits diverse operational modes to regulate gas exchange and coordinate breathing with an array of behaviors. In this review, we focus on selected advances in our understanding of the bCPG. At the core of the bCPG is the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), which drives inspiratory rhythm via an unexpectedly sophisticated emergent mechanism. Synchronization dynamics underlying preBötC rhythmogenesis imbue the system with robustness and lability. These dynamics are modulated by inputs from throughout the brain and generate rhythmic, patterned activity that is widely distributed. The connectivity and an emerging literature support a link between breathing, emotion, and cognition that is becoming experimentally tractable. These advances bring great potential for elucidating function and dysfunction in breathing and other mammalian neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Ashhad
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Kaiwen Kam
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jack L Feldman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA;
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19
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Etyemez S, Narita Z, Mihaljevic M, Ishizuka K, Kamath V, Yang K, Sawa A. Olfactory dysfunction and face processing of social cognition in first-episode psychosis. Neurosci Res 2021; 176:79-84. [PMID: 34655664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory functional deficits have been reported in psychotic disorders. Olfactory dysfunction has a predictive value for prognosis and disease course. Thus, it is important to know which specific symptoms and cognitive changes are associated with olfactory dysfunction in early-stage psychosis. Deficits in social cognition are a difficult problem in psychosis. Here we conduct a detailed assessment of odor function and face processing and show that odor discrimination capacity is specifically associated with face processing function in patients with first episode psychosis. This finding indicates that the high-throughput olfactory assessment may aid a prediction of the difficult clinical dimension from early-stage psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Etyemez
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zui Narita
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marina Mihaljevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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