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Yin L, Zhou A, Wei Y, Varrone C, Li D, Luo J, He Z, Liu W, Yue X. Deep insights into the roles and microbial ecological mechanisms behind waste activated sludge digestion triggered by persulfate oxidation activated through multiple modes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118905. [PMID: 38604480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Persulfate oxidation (PS) is widely employed as a promising alternative for waste activated sludge pretreatment due to the capability of generating free radicals. The product differences and microbiological mechanisms by which PS activation triggers WAS digestion through multiple modes need to be further investigated. This study comprehensively investigated the effects of persulfate oxidation activated through multiple modes, i.e., ferrous, zero-valent iron (ZVI), ultraviolet (UV) and heat, on the performance of sludge digestion. Results showed that PS_ZVI significantly accelerated the methane production rate to 12.02 mL/g VSS. By contrast, PS_Heat promoted the sludge acidification and gained the maximum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) yield (277.11 ± 7.81 mg COD/g VSS), which was 3.41-fold compared to that in PS_ZVI. Moreover, ferrous and ZVI activated PS achieved the oriented conversion of acetate, the proportions of which took 73% and 78%, respectively. MiSeq sequencing results revealed that PS_Heat and PS_UV evidently enriched anaerobic fermentation bacteria (AFB) (i.e., Macellibacteroides and Clostridium XlVa). However, PS_Ferrous and PS_ZVI facilitated the enrichment of Woesearchaeota and methanogens. Furthermore, molecular ecological network and mantel test revealed the intrinsic interactions among the multiple functional microbes and environmental variables. The homo-acetogens and sulfate-reducing bacterial had potential cooperative and symbiotic relationships with AFB, while the nitrate-reducing bacteria displayed distinguishing ecological niches. Suitable activation modes for PS pretreatments resulted in an upregulation of genes expression responsible for digestion. This study established a scientific foundation for the application of sulfate radical-based oxidation on energy or high value-added chemicals recovery from waste residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Yaoli Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Cristiano Varrone
- Department of Chemistry and BioScience, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dengfei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhangwei He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China; Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
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Li YX, Chen X, Jiang ZY, Luan J, Guo F. Rational Design and Synthesis of Fe-Doped Co-Based Coordination Polymer Composite Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6514-6525. [PMID: 38547361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The solar light-responsive Fe-doped Co-based coordination polymer (Fe@Co-CP) photocatalyst was synthesized under mild conditions. [Co(4-padpe)(1,3-BDC)]n (Co-CP) was first constructed using mixed ligands through the hydrothermal method. Then, Fe was introduced into the Co-CP framework to achieve the enhanced photocatalytic activity. The optimal Fe@Co-CP-2 exhibited excellent catalytic degradation performance for norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin under sunlight irradiation without auxiliary oxidants, and the degradation rates were 91.25 and 92.66% in 120 min. These excellent photocatalytic properties were ascribed to the generation of the Fe-O bond, which not only enhanced the light absorption intensity but also accelerated the separation efficiency of electrons and holes, and hence significantly improved the photocatalytic property of the composites. Meanwhile, Fe@Co-CP-2 displayed excellent stability and reusability. In addition, the degradation pathways and intermediates of antibiotic molecules were effectively analyzed. The free radical scavenging experiment and ESR results confirmed that •OH, •O2-, and h+ active species were involved in the catalytic degradation reaction; the corresponding mechanisms were deeply investigated. This study provides a fresh approach for constructing Fe-doped Co-CP-based composite materials as photocatalysts for degradation of antibiotic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Xia Li
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yang Jiang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jian Luan
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Fang Guo
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
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3
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Yan C, Yu C, Ti X, Bao K, Wan J. Preparation of Mn-doped sludge biochar and its catalytic activity to persulfate for phenol removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18737-18749. [PMID: 38347365 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing prevalence of phenolic pollutants emitted into the environment has posed severe hazards to ecosystems and living organisms. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a green and efficient method to address environmental pollution. This study utilized waste sludge as a precursor and employed a hydrothermal-calcination co-pyrolysis method to prepare manganese (Mn)-doped biochar composite material (Mn@SBC-HP). The material was used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for the removal of phenol. The study investigated various factors (such as the type and amount of doping metal, pyrolysis temperature, catalyst dosage, PDS dosage, pH value, initial phenol concentration, inorganic anions, and salinity) affecting phenol removal and the mechanisms within the Mn@SBC-HP/PDS system. Results indicated that under optimal conditions, the Mn@SBC-HP/PDS system achieved 100% removal of 100 mg/L phenol within 180 min, with a TOC removal efficiency of 82.7%. Additionally, the phenol removal efficiency of the Mn@SBC-HP/PDS system remained above 90% over a wide pH range (3-9). Free radical quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) results suggested that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4-) yed a role in the removal of phenol through radical pathways, with singlet oxygen (1O2) being the dominant non-radical pathway. The phenol removal efficiency remained above 90%, demonstrating the excellent adaptability of the Mn@SBC-HP/PDS system under the interference of coexisting inorganic anions or increased salinity. This study proposes an innovative method for the resource utilization of waste, creating metal-biochar composite catalysts for the remediation of water environments. It provides a new approach for the efficiency of organic pollutants in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchong Yan
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Chao Yu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xueyi Ti
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Kai Bao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jun Wan
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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Georgin J, Franco DSP, Meili L, Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Kurniawan TA, Imanova G, Demir E, Ali I. Environmental remediation of the norfloxacin in water by adsorption: Advances, current status and prospects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 324:103096. [PMID: 38309035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics are considered as the new generation water pollutants as these disturb endocrine systems if water contaminated with antibiotics is consumed. Among many antibiotics norfloxacin is present in various natural water bodies globally. This antibiotic is considered an emerging pollutant due to its low degradation in aquatic animals. Besides, it has many side effects on human vital organs. Therefore, the present article discusses the recent advances in the removal of norfloxacin by adsorption. This article describes the presence of norfloxacin in natural water, consumption, toxicity, various adsorbents for norfloxacin removal, optimization factors for norfloxacin removal, kinetics, thermodynamics, modeling, adsorption mechanism and regeneration of the adsorbents. Adsorption takes place in a monolayer following the Langmuir model. The Pseudo-second order model represents the kinetic data. The adsorption capacity ranged from 0.924 to 1282 mg g-1. In this sense, the parameters such as the NFX concentration added to the adsorbent textural properties exerted a great influence. Besides, the fixed bed-based removal at a large scale is also included. In addition to this, the simulation studies were also discussed to describe the adsorption mechanism. Finally, the research challenges and future perspectives have also been highlighted. This article will be highly useful for academicians, researchers, industry persons, and government authorities for designing future advanced experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Georgin
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20256, Mexico
| | - Dison Stracke Pfingsten Franco
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Lucas Meili
- Laboratory of Processes, Center of Technology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gunel Imanova
- Institute of Radiation Problems, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, 9 B. Vahabzade str., Baku AZ1143, Azerbaijan; UNEC Research Center for Sustainable Development and Green Economy named after Nizami Ganjavi, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), 6 Istiglaliyyat Str., Baku 1001, Azerbaijan; Department of Physics and Electronics, Khazar University, 41 Mahsati Str., Baku AZ1096, Azerbaijan
| | - Ersin Demir
- Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Li Z, Zhang W, Liu X, Wang X, Dai H, Chen F, Tang Y, Li J. Iron-Cobalt magnetic porous carbon beads activated peroxymonosulfate for enhanced degradation and Microbial inactivation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1878-1888. [PMID: 37688934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic carbon-based catalysts are promising materials for advanced oxidation processes, offering both high catalytic activity and environmental friendliness, and hold great potential in environmental remediation. In this work, Fe and Co zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) derived micron-sized magnetic porous carbon beads (MPCBs) were prepared by phase inversion and following the carbonization procedure, and the morphological and structural characteristics of the MPCBs were confirmed. The presence of pores and channels in the MPCBs provides a specific microenvironment for the for the catalysis of the core. Bisphenol A (BPA) was selected for the targeted pollutant, and the catalytic experiments confirmed that the effective catalytic activity of MPCBs in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), which could almost completely degrade BPA in 20 min with a reaction rate of 0.368 min-1. Furthermore, the MPCBs were used to effectively bacterial inactivation. Intermediate products of the BPA degradation process were validated and the toxicological studies showed a gradual decrease in toxicity, indicating effective reduction of potential hazards. The macroscopic preparation methods we developed for MPCBs that is promising for industrial applications and has the potential to cope with complex environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China
| | - Wuxiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China.
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China
| | - Xingang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China
| | - Fangyan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China
| | - Yubin Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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6
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Su C, Tang C, Sun Z, Hu X. Mechanisms of interaction between metal-organic framework-based material and persulfate in degradation of organic contaminants (OCs): Activation, reactive oxygen generation, conversion, and oxidation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119089. [PMID: 37783089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based materials have been of great public interest in persulfate (PS)-based catalytic oxidation for wastewater purification, because of their excellent performance and selectiveness in organic contaminants (OCs) removal in complex water environments. The formation, fountainhead and reaction mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in PS-based catalytic oxidation are crucial for understanding the principles of PS activation and the degradation mechanism of OCs. In the paper, we presented the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of MOFs-based materials for PS activation, including the relationship of structure and removal efficiency, active sites and ROSs as well as OCs. In various MOFs-based materials, there are many factors will affect their performances. We discussed how various surface modification projects affected the characteristics of MOFs-based materials used in PS activation. Moreover, we revealed the process of ROSs generation by active sites and the oxidation of OCs by ROSs from the micro level. At the end of this review, we putted forward an outlook on the development trends and faced challenges of MOFs for PS-based catalytic oxidation. Generally, this review aims to clarify the formation mechanisms of ROSs via the active sites on the MOFs and the reaction mechanism between ROSs and OCs, which is helpful for reader to better understand the QSAR in various MOFs/PS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Su
- Research Group of Water Pollution Control and Water Reclamation, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chenliu Tang
- Research Group of Water Pollution Control and Water Reclamation, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Research Group of Water Pollution Control and Water Reclamation, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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7
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Cheng N, Wang B, Chen M, Feng Q, Zhang X, Wang S, Zhao R, Jiang T. Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of quinolone antibiotics from wastewater using functionalized biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122409. [PMID: 37597728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Quinolone antibiotics are emerging environmental contaminants, which cause serious harm to the ecological environment and human health. How to effectively remove these emerging pollutants from water remains a major challenge worldwide. In this study, a novel Fe/Ti biochar composite (Fe/Ti-MBC) was prepared by facile one-step co-pyrolysis of wood chips with hematite and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) in water. The results showed that the degradation efficiencies of Fe/Ti-MBC to CIP and NOR were 88.4% and 88.0%, respectively. The π-π interactions and polar interactions are the main adsorption mechanisms for CIP and NOR. In the photocatalytic process, h+ and ·OH are the main active substances for the oxidative degradation of CIP and NOR. This study shows that Fe/Ti-MBC is an effective and recyclable composite, providing a novel alternative way for antibiotics degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Qianwei Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Ruohan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
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Javanroudi SR, Fattahi N, sharafi K, Arfaeinia H, Moradi M. Chalcopyrite as an oxidants activator for organic pollutant remediation: A review of mechanisms, parameters, and future perspectives. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19992. [PMID: 37809581 PMCID: PMC10559683 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on oxidants have attracted attention for the degradation of organic pollutants. The combination of chalcopyrite with oxidants such as persulfate, peroxide, percarbonate, and others shows promise as a system due to its ability to activate through various pathways, leading to the formation of numerous radical and non-radical species. In this review, the generation of sulfate radical (SR) and hydroxyl radical (HR) in AOPs were summarized. The significance of chalcopyrite in various approaches including Fenton, photo-Fenton, and photo/Fenton-like methods, as well as its involvement in electrochemical Fenton-based processes was discussed. The stability and reusability, toxicity, catalyst mechanism, and effects of operational parameters (pH, catalyst dosage, and oxidant concentration) are evaluated in detail. The review also discusses the role of Fe2+/3+, Cu1+/2+, S2- and Sn2- present in CuFeS2 in the generation of free radicals. Finally, guidelines for future research are presented in terms of future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Rostami- Javanroudi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kiomars sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Shi J, Dai B, Shen X, Xu L, Zhang Y, Gan L. Wood induced preparation of Fe 3C decorated biochar for peroxymonosulfate activation towards bisphenol a degradation with low ion leaching. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117978. [PMID: 37116415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous iron/persulfate system suffers from the problems of high ion leaching, severe catalyst surface corrosion and low performance stability. Herein, a series of iron compound incorporated N doped biochar composite catalysts were prepared from pyrolyzing wood powder and ferric ferrocyanide mixture, which were used for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation in water through peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. It was found that the reducing gases released from wood powder at different pyrolysis temperature significantly affected the crystalline phase of the iron compound in the catalyst, in which pure phase iron carbide (Fe3C) decorated N doped biochar was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C or higher. Wood powder was introduced as both Fe3C formation inductive agent and biochar precursor. Fe3C/biochar exhibited optimal BPA degradation performance, in which 0.5 g/L of catalyst could completely degrade 0.05 mM BPA within 30 min. Radical, high valent iron-oxo, and non-radical species were all generated in the reaction system by both Fe3C and N doped biochar, respectively. Moreover, the multi-valence nature of Fe in Fe3C enabled the reaction system with remarkably reduced Fe ion leaching and negligible iron sludge production since Fe3C could activate PMS through a heterogeneous mechanism. Having multiple active species generated for BPA degradation, the prepared catalyst also showed promising adaptability and recyclability. This study can provide a new solution for the design of iron based catalyst/PMS system for organic pollutant degradations with low ion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boren Dai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianbao Shen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lijie Xu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Tao L, Wang J, Luo Z, Ren J, Yin D. Fabrication of an S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst MoS 2/PANI with Greatly Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11426-11438. [PMID: 37531465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As a promising catalyst, MoS2 has been widely studied owing to its high chemical reactivity, excellent electrical carrier mobility, good optical properties, and narrow band gap. However, the high recombination rate of photoinduced charge carriers limits its practical application in photocatalysis. In this study, MoS2 was coupled with PANI to fabricate an S-scheme heterojunction MoS2/PANI. The synthesized products were characterized systematically, and their photocatalytic properties were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin (NOR) and rhodamine B (RhB). The obtained results indicated that the fabricated MoS2/PANI inorganic-organic heterojunction displayed tremendously enhanced photocatalytic activity. The degradation efficiencies for 60 mg L-1 of NOR and RhB are 86 and 100% under the simulated sunlight irradiation for 1 h with 10 mg of catalyst, which are 13 and 47 times higher than those of pure MoS2, respectively. Interestingly, it is superior to the previously reported related materials. The remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity of MoS2 is assigned to the high charge conductivity feature of PANI and the formed S-scheme heterojunction that result in a steric separation of holes and electrons and conserve the initial powerful redox ability of the parent catalysts. This study provides a facile method to greatly improve the photocatalytic activity of MoS2 and facilitates its application for highly efficient removal of organic pollutants, such as antibiotic drugs and organic dyes, utilizing solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyue Tao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhaoyue Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Ren
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dongguang Yin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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11
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Fang C, Xu H, Wang S, Shao C, Liu C, Wang H, Huang Q. Simultaneous removal of norfloxacin and chloramphenicol using cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ): Enhanced performance, synergistic effect, plasma-activated water (PAW) contribution, mechanism and toxicity evaluation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131306. [PMID: 37004443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The extensive abuse and inadvertent discharge of various antibiotics into the environment has become a serious problem for posing a big threat to human health. In order to deal with this problem, we utilized cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) to treat two different antibiotics, namely, norfloxacin and chloramphenicol, and investigated the efficiencies and corresponding mechanisms for removing the mixed antibiotics. In the application of the CAPJ technique, we made use of not only the direct plasma processing, but also the indirect plasma-activated water (PAW) treatment. The efficiency for mixed antibiotics treatment was considerably enhanced as compared to the efficiency for treatment of single antibiotics. The contributions from the CAPJ-induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) were examined, showing that ·OH and 1O2 played a major role in the degradation of norfloxacin and chloramphenicol in the direct plasma treatment, while 1O2 played a major role in the PAW treatment. The bio-toxicity evaluation was also provided to verify the ecological safety of the CAPJ treatment. As such, this work has not only showed the effectiveness of CAPJ treatment of mixed antibiotics, but also elucidated the mechanisms for the enhanced treatment efficiency, which may provide a new solution for treatment of antibiotics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hangbo Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shenhao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changsheng Shao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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12
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Preparation of Fe-Cu bimetal from copper slag by carbothermic reduction–magnetic process for activating persulfate to degrade bisphenol A. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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13
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Liu D, Li K, Zhou L, Lei J, Wang L, Zhang J, Liu Y. N, O co-doping enhanced the ability of carbon/Fe composites for peroxymonosulfate activation to degrade sulfadiazine: the advantages of nitrate saturated MOFs as precursors. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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14
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Construction of Fe/N/C nano-clusters anchored on porous diatomite for efficient removal of norfloxacin via the adsorption-PMS activation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Zuo X, Jiang A, Zou S, Wu J, Ding B. Copper oxides activate peroxymonosulfate for degradation of methylene blue via radical and nonradical pathways: surface structure and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13023-13038. [PMID: 36121633 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A one-step hydrothermal method for preparation of copper oxides with different valences using ascorbic acid as a reducing reagent was developed for environmental remediation. The results suggested that the notable degradation performance of CuO0 may be attributable to the abundant active sites, such as Cu or Cu-O, and was not significantly related to the Cu valence state. In contrast to direct degradation of pollutants by traditional superoxide radicals (O2•-), O2•- played an important role in the reduction of high-valence Cu ions (Cu(III)). In addition, a series of radical quenching, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electrochemical experiments validated the existence of direct electron transfer between methylene blue (MB) and PMS mediated by CuO0 and surface-bound radicals. The results suggested that the CuO0/PMS system may be less susceptible to diverse ions and natural organic matter other than dihydrogen phosphate anions. The mechanism of MB degradation under alkaline conditions was different from that under acidic conditions in that it was not reliant on radicals or charge transfer but direct oxidation by PMS. This study provides new insights into the heterogeneous processes involved in PMS activation by the copper oxides. Furthermore, this paper devotes to providing theoretical basis on pollutant removal via PMS activated by copper oxides and developing low-cost and high-efficiency catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zuo
- Research Center of Water Treatment and Desalination, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Aijun Jiang
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shiyang Zou
- Research Center of Water Treatment and Desalination, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Junrong Wu
- Research Center of Water Treatment and Desalination, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bingquan Ding
- Research Center of Water Treatment and Desalination, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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16
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Chen W, Xu X, Cui J, Zhou Z, Yao Y. Porous boron nitride intercalated zero-valent iron particles for highly efficient elimination of organic contaminants and Cr (VI). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135501. [PMID: 35779678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel bifunctional materials to high efficiently degrade organic pollutants and eliminate hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is significantly desired in the wastewater treatment field. The porous boron nitride (p-BN) was fabricated by a two-stage calcination strategy and was innovatively employed to support zero-valent iron (ZVI), achieving the bifunctional material (p-BN@ZVI) to degrade carbamazepine (CBZ) and eliminate Cr (VI). p-BN@ZVI could degrade more than 98% CBZ in 6 min with the high apparent first-order constant (kobs) of 0.536 min-1, almost 5 times higher than that of the ZVI/PMS system and outperformed most previous reported ZVI supported catalysts, which was mainly ascribed to the fact that the introduction of p-BN with high surface area (793.97 m2/g) improved the dispersion of ZVI and exposed more active sites. Quenching tests coupled with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggested that •OH was the major reactive oxygen species with a contribution of 71.6%. Notably, the p-BN@ZVI/PMS system expressed low activation energy of 8.23 kJ/mol and reached a 65.69% TOC degradation in 20 min even at 0 °C. p-BN@ZVI possessed remarkable storage stability and could still degrade 92.3% CBZ despite three-month storage. More interestingly, p-BN@ZVI was capable to eliminate 98.1% of 50 mg/L Cr (VI) within 5 min through adsorption and reduction, where nearly 80% Cr (VI) was transformed to Cr (III), and exhibited the maximum Cr (VI) elimination capacity of 349 mg/g. This study provides new insights into the efficient organic contaminants degradation and Cr (VI) elimination in the treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Chen
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Xu
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Jinping Cui
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Zhou
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China.
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17
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Wang C, Hansen HCB, Andersen ML, Strobel BW, Ma H, Dodge N, Jensen PE, Lu C, Holm PE. Fast peroxydisulfate oxidation of the antibiotic norfloxacin catalyzed by cyanobacterial biochar. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129655. [PMID: 35901634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peroxydisulfate (PDS) is a common oxidant for organic contaminant remediation. PDS is typically activated by metal catalysts to generate reactive radicals. Unfortunately, as radicals are non-selective and metal catalysts may cause secondary contamination, alternative selective non-radical pathways and non-metal catalysts need attention. Here we investigated PDS oxidation of commonly detected antibiotic Norfloxacin (NOR) using cyanobacterial nitrogen rich biochars (CBs) as catalysts. NOR was fully degraded by CB pyrolysed at 950 °C (CB950) within 120 min. CB950 caused threefold faster degradation than low pyrolysis temperature (PT) CBs and achieved a maximum surface area normalized rate constant of 4.38 × 10-2 min-1 m-2 L compared to widely used metal catalysts. CB950 maintained full reactivity after four repeated uses. High defluorination (82%) and mineralization (>82%) were observed for CB950/PDS. CBs were active over a broad pH range (3-10), but with twice as high rates under alkaline compared with neutral conditions. NOR is degraded by organic, •OH and SO4•- radicals in low PT CBs/PDS systems, where the presence of MnII promotes radical generation. Electron transfer reactions with radicals supplemented dominate high PT CBs/PDS systems. This study demonstrates high PT biochars from algal bloom biomass may find use as catalysts for organic contaminant oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Hans Christian Bruun Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Larsen Andersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Strobel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nadia Dodge
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Changyong Lu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter E Holm
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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18
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Zuo X, Nie J, Jiang B, Jiang A, Zou S, Wu J, Ding B, Wang XH, Liu Y. Direct degradation of methylene blue by unactivated peroxymonosulfate: reaction parameters, kinetics, and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75597-75608. [PMID: 35661306 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are efficient methods for water purification. However, there are few studies on using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to remove pollutants directly. In this study, about 76% of methylene blue (MB) was removed by PMS directly within 180 min through a non-radical pathway, verified by scavenging tests, electron paramagnetic resonance and kinetic calculations. Additionally, the effects of PMS dosage, MB concentration, temperature, initial pH and competitive anions were determined. High PMS dosage, temperature and pH promoted MB degradation (from 76 to 98%) while MB concentration showed no effect on MB removal. Besides, MB degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetic with rate constants of 0.0082 to 0.3912 min-1. The second-order rate constant for PMS reaction with MB was 0.08 M-1 s-1 at pH 3-6, but increased dramatically to 4.68 M-1 s-1 at pH 10.50. Chlorine could be catalysed by PMS at high concentration Cl- and degradation efficiency reached 98% within 90 min. High concentration of bicarbonate accelerated MB removal due to the high pH value while humic acid showed a marginal effect on MB degradation. Furthermore, TOC removal rate of MB in the presence of chloride reached 45%, whereas PMS alone caused almost no mineralisation. This study provides new insights into pollutant removal and an additional strategy for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zuo
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianxin Nie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Beier Jiang
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Aijun Jiang
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shiyang Zou
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Junrong Wu
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bingquan Ding
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xue Hui Wang
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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19
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Wang H, Liu S, Liu Y, Tang Y, Dai M, Chen Q, Deng Y. Fe 3N nanoparticles embedded in N-doped porous magnetic graphene for peroxymonosulfate activation: Radical and nonradical mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135317. [PMID: 35709841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) such as norfloxacin (NFX) poses a serious threat to the water environment, and the development of efficient and cost-effective advanced oxidation catalysts is an important step toward resolving this issue. Herein, Fe and N co-doped graphene (FeNGO) was synthesized from graphene oxide (GO), urea, and iron salt via simple impregnation pyrolysis, and applied for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade NFX. FeNGO possessed a two-dimensional porous sheet structure and was rich in defects, nitrogen species, and active sites. Compared with the control catalyst doped with N or Fe alone, FeNGO/PMS system showed the best degradation performance with 97.7% removal of NFX after 30 min, the rate constant was 7.1 and 1.7 times than that for NGO and FeGO, respectively. Fe3N was the main active site of FeNGO, and it is confirmed that singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical (O2•-) were the primary oxidation active species (ROS) during NFX degradation. The formation of 1O2 came from the transformation of O2•- and PMS decomposition. FeNGO showed strong pH adaptability, and also exhibited stale degradation performance in saliferous water matrices. It is believed that this work will offer theoretical and practical guidance for PMS activation by non-radical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shaobo Liu
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yetao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Mingyang Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yuqi Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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20
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Sun Q, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Sheng J. Efficient degradation of antibiotics over Co(II)-doped Bi 2MoO 6 nanohybrid via the synergy of peroxymonosulfate activation and photocatalytic reaction under visible irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134807. [PMID: 35525443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient photocatalysts based on the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for effective degradation of threatening antibiotic contamination under visible light is still a challenging subject. Herein, a Co-doped Bi2MoO6 (CBMO) spherical crystals were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and used to degrade artificial antibiotic wastewater via PMS activation under visible light. The obtained 3 wt% Co-doped B2MoO6 (3CBMO) can effectively remove 98.95% of norfloxacin (NOF) within 40 min, 100% of tetracycline (TC) and metronidazole (MNZ) within 30 min. Compared with the contrasting catalysts, the superior catalytic activity of 3CBMO was attributed to the synergistic effect of photocatalytic and Co(II) activated PMS degradations. Quenching tests in combination with EPR measurements revealed that the hole (h+), sulfate (SO4-•) and hydroxyl (•OH) were the primary radicals all contributed to NOF degradation. The influences of initial concentration, catalyst dosage, PMS dosage and various interfering ions (NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3-) on the degradation efficiency of NOF were systematically examined. Furthermore, possible degradation pathways of NOF were proposed by LC-MS. This novel 3CBMO catalyst might be a promising candidate for degradation of the main sources of antibiotic contamination in pharmaceutical wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiawei Sheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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21
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Jing L, Yang W, Wang T, Wang J, Kong X, Lv S, Li X, Quan R, Zhu H. Porous boron nitride micro-nanotubes efficiently anchor CoFe2O4 as a magnetic recyclable catalyst for peroxymonosulfate activation and oxytetracycline rapid degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Application of Functional Modification of Iron-Based Materials in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have become a favored approach in wastewater treatment due to the high efficiency and diverse catalyzed ways. Iron-based materials were the commonly used catalyst due to their environmental friendliness and sustainability in the environment. We collected the published papers relative to the application of the modified iron-based materials in AOPs between 1999 and 2020 to comprehensively understand the related mechanism of modified materials to improve the catalytic performance of iron-based materials in AOPs. Related data of iron-based materials, modification types, target pollutants, final removal efficiencies, and rate constants were extracted to reveal the critical process of improving the catalytic efficiency of iron-based materials in AOPs. Our results indicated that the modified materials through various mechanisms to enhance the catalytic performance of iron-based materials. The principal aim of iron-based materials modification in AOPs is to increase the content of available Fe2+ and enhance the stability of Fe2+ in the system. The available Fe2+ is elevated by the following mechanisms: (1) modified materials accelerate the electron transfer to promote the Fe3+/Fe2+ reaction cycle in the system; (2) modified materials form chelates with iron ions and bond with iron ions to avoid Fe3+ precipitation. We further analyzed the effect of different modifying materials in improving these two mechanisms. Combining the advantages of different modified materials to develop iron-based materials with composite modification methods can enhance the catalytic performance of iron-based materials in AOPs for further application in wastewater treatment.
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23
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Song W, Wu Z, Xu X, Wu H, Yao Y. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets with Fe-based nanoparticles for highly efficient degradation of antibiotics and sulfate ion enhancement effect. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133704. [PMID: 35066083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing Fe-based catalysts with high-effective and environmentally friendly features in Fenton-like system for treating wastewater is still a challenge. Novel nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets with Fe0/Fe3C nano-particles (Fe@NCS-900) were prepared through a simple solvent-free strategy by pyrolyzing the mixture of 2,6-diaminopyridine and ferric chloride hexahydrate under 900 °C. The Fe@NCS-900 possessed almost 100% removal efficiency and 66.5% mineralization rate for the degradation of CBZ in 10 min. Moreover, the Fe@NCS-900 exhibited an apparent first-order constant as high as 0.8809 min-1, which is 22 and 29 times higher than that of the commercial Fe0 and traditional Fenton system, respectively, which could be attribute to the high graphitization degree and rich nitrogen content. Besides, the results of the radical quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and the probe experiments demonstrated that a large number of high valent iron species (Fe (IV)) besides singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radicals (O2•-) existed and contributed to the CBZ degradation. More interestingly, the addition of coexisting anion SO42- in the reaction system could significantly boost the concentration of •OH and SO4•- by 28.3 times and 9.7 times, respectively, resulting in the increase of the apparent first-order constant by 5.9 times (5.1733 min-1), which was entirely different from previous reports that SO42- had no effect on the catalytic activity or even displayed slightly inhibitory effect. In addition, the catalyst exhibited broad pH adaptability in the pH range of 2-9. The intermediate products of CBZ degradation were investigated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the degradation pathway was proposed. This paper provides new insights for developing a promising Fe-based nitrogen-doped catalyst for practical wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Song
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Zenglong Wu
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Xu
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Haijie Wu
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
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24
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El-Aswar EI, Ramadan H, Elkik H, Taha AG. A comprehensive review on preparation, functionalization and recent applications of nanofiber membranes in wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113908. [PMID: 34626949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The direct discharge of significant amounts of polluted water into water bodies causes adverse ecological and human health effects. This severe deterioration in water quality creates significant challenges to meet the growing demand for clean water. Therefore, the world urgently needs environmentally friendly advanced technology to overcome this global crisis. In this regard, nanofiber-based membrane filtration is a promising technique in wastewater remediation because of their huge surface area, extremely porous structure, amenable pore size/pore size distribution, variety of material choices, and flexibility to modification with other functional materials. However, despite their unique properties, fouling, poor mechanical properties, shrinkage, and deformation are major drawbacks of nanofiber membranes for treating wastewater. This review presents a comprehensive overview of nanofiber membranes' fabrication and function in water purification applications as well as providing novel approaches to overcoming/alleviating the mentioned disadvantages. The review first presents nanofiber membrane preparation methods, focusing on electrospinning as a versatile and viable technique alongside discussing the parameters controlling nanofiber morphology. Afterward, the functionalization of nanofiber membranes by combining them with other nanomaterials, such as metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks, and biomolecules, were demonstrated and discussed. In addition, nanofiber membranes functionalized with microorganisms were highlighted. Finally, we introduced and discussed in detail the most relevant and recent advances in nanofiber applications in wastewater treatment in the context of removing different pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, nutrients, radioactive elements, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, dyes, and pesticides). Moreover, the promising antimicrobial ability of nanofiber membranes in removing microorganisms from wastewater has been fully underscored. We believe this comprehensive review could provide researchers with preliminary data and guide both researchers and producers engaged in the nanofiber membrane industry, letting them focus on the research gaps in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Ibrahim El-Aswar
- Central Laboratories for Environmental Quality Monitoring, National Water Research Center, El-Kanater, Qalyubiyah, 13621, Egypt.
| | - Hassan Ramadan
- Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31733, Egypt
| | - Hussin Elkik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G Taha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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25
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Wu J, Bai J, Wang Z, Liu Z, Mao Y, Liu B, Zhu X. UV-assisted nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/Fe 3O 4 composite activated peroxodisulfate degradation of norfloxacin. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:95-106. [PMID: 32498610 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1779353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We reported the preparation of NGO-Fe3O4 by simple hydrothermal-co-precipitation. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was demonstrated that norfloxacin (NOR) could be effectively degraded by the UV/NGO-Fe3O4/PDS system. The degradation efficiency reached 100% within 13 min (the concentration of NOR and S2O82- were 100 mg L-1 and 1 mM, respectively; m(NGO-Fe3O4): m(PDS) = 4: 1; pH: 3.0). In addition, NGO-Fe3O4 showed stable catalytic activity in recycling. The analysis found that the in-situ generated ·OH was the main active free radicals but SO4-⋅ also participated in the NOR degradation. Based on the identified intermediates, the NOR degradation pathways were proposed with UV/NGO-Fe3O4/PDS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaodong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
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Liu X, Yang Z, Yang Y, Li H. Carbon quantum dots sensitized 2D/2D carbon nitride nanosheets/bismuth tungstate for visible light photocatalytic degradation norfloxacin. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132126. [PMID: 34492407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel carbon quantum dots (CQDs) sensitized 2D/2D carbon nitride nanosheets and bismuth tungstate composite (CQD-CNs/BWO) was successfully prepared via the facile hydrothermal method and used for the photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin (NOR). During 120 min irradiation test, CQD-CNs/BWO exhibited 9 and 1.76 times higher photocatalytic activity than CNs and BWO, respectively. CQDs and constructed 2D/2D structure could not only improve the light harvesting but also promote the generation and separation of electron-holes. The existing inorganic ions in solution (e.g. bicarbonate ions, chlorine ions, and sulfate ions) could inhibit NOR degradation. Based on the electron spin resonance and free radicals inhibition tests, the holes and superoxide radicals rather than hydroxyl radicals were the main reactive species. The intermediates and possible pathways were proposed, and the antibacterial activity of the treated solution after the reaction was evaluated via bacteriostatic tests. The prepared composite material with high photocatalytic activity and stability is potentially effective for the degradation of antibiotics in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Liu
- Center for Environment and Water Resource, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resource, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resource, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resource, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
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Facile fabrication of Fe/Fe 3C embedded in N-doped carbon nanofiber for efficient degradation of tetracycline via peroxymonosulfate activation: Role of superoxide radical and singlet oxygen. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:86-101. [PMID: 34890952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The toxic metal ions leaching and metal nanoparticles agglomeration were the critical issues for metal-based carbon materials during the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation processes. Herein, a facile strategy was first proposed that zero-dimensional Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles were embedded in one-dimensional N-doped carbon nanofiber (Fe/Fe3C@NCNF) to solve the above challenges. The as-obtained Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800 possessed a low Ea value (11.7 kJ/mol) and exhibited high activity for activating PMS to degrade tetracycline (TC) in a wide range of pH 3-11. As expected, the iron ions leaching concentration of Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800 was very low (0.082 mg/L). Meanwhile, the Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800 was easily recovered from the reaction solution due to its magnetic properties. Both superoxide radicals (O2∙-) and non-radical of singlet oxygen (1O2) were the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800/PMS system via quenching tests and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The catalytic mechanism suggested that the Fe/Fe3C and graphitic N were the main active sites in the Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800 for PMS activation. This work provided a facile method for the preparation of Fe-based carbon materials with high catalytic ability, low metal leaching and easy recycling, showing a broad prospect for environmental applications.
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Wang Z, Han Y, Fan W, Wang Y, Huang L. Shell-core MnO2/Carbon@Carbon nanotubes synthesized by a facile one-pot method for peroxymonosulfate oxidation of tetracycline. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pan J, Gao B, Duan P, Guo K, Xu X, Yue Q. Recycling exhausted magnetic biochar with adsorbed Cu 2+ as a cost-effective permonosulfate activator for norfloxacin degradation: Cu contribution and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125413. [PMID: 33611033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we attempted to apply an exhausted magnetic biochar with adsorbed Cu2+ (Cu-Fe@BRC) directly as a PMS activator and explored the feasibility of this attempt. Density functional theory (DFT) and electrochemical analysis illuminated the adsorbed Cu2+ in Cu-Fe@BRC improved PMS activation and NOR degradation efficiency by elevating the adsorption capacity of PMS and performance of electron transfer. About 91.47% of norfloxacin (NOR) was rapidly degraded in Cu-Fe@BRC/PMS system with low Fe and Cu leaching. An in-depth mechanistic study was conducted with radical scavenging, radical capturing and solvent exchange, which demonstrated that the adsorbed Cu2+ could facilitate the formation of both different radicals and non-radical. Importantly, Cu-Fe@BRC can maintain a long-term stable operation and excellent catalytic performance in surface water treatment. The potential toxicity of by-product generated in the NOR degradation process was also predicated, and results suggested that most identified by-products were less toxic than NOR itself. Notably, the preparation cost of exhausted adsorbent-based catalysts could be negligible, so the expenditure of the corresponding oxidation process is reduced accordingly. Based on above, this work provides not only a low-cost exhausted biochar-based catalyst for water purification but also the insight into the PMS activation by adsorbed transition metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Pan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Pijun Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Kangying Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Ding Y, Wang X, Fu L, Peng X, Pan C, Mao Q, Wang C, Yan J. Nonradicals induced degradation of organic pollutants by peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS): Recent advances and perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142794. [PMID: 33129538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonradical persulfate oxidation processes have emerged as a new wastewater treatment method due to production of mild nonradical oxidants, selective oxidation of organic pollutants, and higher tolerance to water matrixes compared with radical persulfate oxidation processes. Since the case of the nonradical activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) was reported on CuO surface in 2014, nonradical persulfate oxidation processes have been extensively investigated, and much achievement has been made on realization of nonradical persulfate activation processes and understanding of intrinsic reaction mechanism. Therefore, in the review, nonradical pathways and reaction mechanisms for oxidation of various organic pollutants by PDS and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are overviewed. Five nonradical persulfate oxidation pathways for degradation of organic pollutants are summarized, which include surface activated persulfate, catalysts-free or catalysts mediated electron transfer, 1O2, high-valent metals, and newly derived inorganic oxidants (e.g., HOCl and HCO4-). Among them, the direct oxidation processes by persulfate, nonradical based persulfate activation by inorganic/organic molecules and in electrochemical methods is first overviewed. Moreover, nonradical based persulfate activation mechanisms by metal oxides and carbon materials are further updated. Furthermore, investigation methods of interaction between persulfate and catalyst surface, and nature of reactive species are also discussed in detail. Finally, the future research needs are proposed based on limited understanding on reaction mechanism of nonradical based persulfate activation. The review can offer a comprehensive assessment on nonradical oxidation of organic pollutants by persulfate to fill the knowledge gap and provide better guidance for future research and engineering application of persulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Ding
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xueru Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Libin Fu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xueqin Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Cong Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qihang Mao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jingchun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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Li K, Ma S, Xu S, Fu H, Li Z, Li Y, Liu S, Du J. The mechanism changes during bisphenol A degradation in three iron functionalized biochar/peroxymonosulfate systems: The crucial roles of iron contents and graphitized carbon layers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124145. [PMID: 33032089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three magnetic biochar nanocomposites named as C800-1, C800-2 and C800-3 with increased iron deposition amount, decreased graphitized degree and gradually destroyed graphitized carbon layers, respectively, were prepared using potassium ferrate as activator and corn straw as biomass. C800-1, C800-2 and C800-3 exhibited much different bisphenol A degradation effect in presence of peroxymonosulfate among which C800-3 owned the best catalytic performance. For the degradation mechanism, the dominant role of electron transfer pathway was gradually replaced by the SO4•- pathway with the increase of iron amount and the destruction of graphitized carbon layers. This work would provide a simple and feasible method, namely changing the ratio of potassium ferrate and biochar, to manipulate the radical and nonradical degradation pathway in PMS-based organic wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shuanglong Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haichao Fu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhuoqian Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jinge Du
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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32
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Gao C, Yu W, Zhu Y, Wang M, Tang Z, Du L, Hu M, Fang L, Xiao X. Preparation of porous silicate supported micro-nano zero-valent iron from copper slag and used as persulfate activator for removing organic contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142131. [PMID: 33254954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicate supported micro-nano zero-valent iron (PSi@ZVI) was prepared from copper slag (CS) through carbothermal reduction technology, and used as a persulfate (PS) activator for removing organic contaminants. Results showed that the properties of the activator were greatly affected by the preparation conditions. Calcination for 20 min at 1100 °C with 20% anthracite was considered the optimum preparation condition for degradation of orange G (OG). The removal rate of OG was improved by increasing the dosages of PSi@ZVI or PS and raising the reaction temperature. Moreover, PSi@ZVI exhibited excellent PS activator ability in a wide range of initial pH, good degradation capability for eosin Y, methyl orange, acid fuchsine, and methylene blue. The reusability and safety of PSi@ZVI were verified. Electron paramagnetic resonance and radical quenching tests indicated that sulfate radical (SO4-) was the main active species in the PSi@ZVI/PS system. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that a high calcination temperature (1100 °C) was beneficial to the reduction of iron-bearing minerals to ZVI. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy results revealed that the formation of porous structure of PSi@ZVI and the generation of nano to micro-sized ZVI particles on the surface of the silicate holes. The X-ray photoelectron spectra showed that ZVI was first convert into Fe(II), which mainly activated PS and generated Fe(III) in the PSi@ZVI/PS system. Furthermore, the intermediates of OG were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the possible degradation pathway of OG was proposed. This study provides a novel approach for reuse of CS as a heterogeneous activator to effectively activate PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Gao
- School of Architectural and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Wen Yu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Yichun Zhu
- School of Architectural and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Zuozhen Tang
- School of Architectural and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Li Du
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Mengying Hu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Long Fang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Xingcong Xiao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
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Jin X, Zhou X, Sun P, Lin S, Cao W, Li Z, Liu W. Photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin using N-doped TiO 2: Optimization, mechanism, identification of intermediates and toxicity evaluation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124433. [PMID: 31352100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of Norfloxacin (NOR) has been studied using N-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) under visible light irradiation, which was synthesized from a self-owned patent recipe and procedure. Subsequently, a three-factor five-level model, which was based on the central composite design (CCD), was developed to determine the optimal NOR concentration, N-TiO2 dosage, and initial pH in practical use. Meanwhile, the degradation pathway was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS). Moreover, the toxicity of degradation intermediates was determined using the bacterium Escherichia coli so as to evaluate the health risk of the photocatalytic treated influent. The synthesized N-TiO2 nanoparticles were spherical, and the grain sizes were distributed from approximately 12 nm-20 nm, with a specific surface area of 148.52 m2/g. The light absorption is range from the ultraviolet region to the visible light region since the band gap was reduced to 2.92eV. It was demonstrated from the response surface method results that the initial NOR of 6.03 mg/L, N-TiO2 dose of 0.54 g/L, and pH of 6.37 could be the proposed optimal degradation conditions, which resulted in a 99.53% removal of NOR within 30 min under visible light irradiation. Two possible degradation pathways were proposed, including the replacement of F atoms by hydroxyl radicals, piperazinyl ring cleavage, hydroxylation, and decarboxylation. In the acute toxicity test, the toxicity declined 55% after photocatalytic treatment for 60 min. The results show the feasibility and novelty for photocatalytic treatment of antibiotics by N-TiO2 photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindie Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shuyao Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin, 301830, PR China
| | - Zifu Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Latif A, Kai S, Si Y. Catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in Fe(III)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system: performance, influencing factors, and pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36410-36422. [PMID: 31728944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated, for the first time, Fe(III)/peroximonosulphate (PMS) could be an efficient advanced oxidation process (AOP) for wastewater treatment. Bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as a model pollutant in the present study. Fe(III)-activated PMS system proved very effective to eliminate 92.18% of BPA (20 mg/L) for 30-min reaction time at 0.50 mM PMS, 1.5 g/L Fe(III), pH 7.0. The maximum degradation of BPA occurred at neutral pH, while it was suppressed at both strongly acidic and alkaline conditions. Organic and inorganic ions can interfere with system efficiency either positively or negatively, so their interaction was thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the presence of organic acids also affected BPA degradation rate, especially the addition of 10 mM citric acid decreased the degradation rate from 92.18 to 66.08%. Radical scavenging experiments showed that SO4•- was the dominant reactive species in Fe(III)/PMS system. A total of 5 BPA intermediates were found by using LC/MS. A possible degradation pathway was proposed which underwent through bridge cleavage and hydroxylation processes. Acute toxicity of the BPA degradation products was assessed using Escherichia coli growth inhibition test. These findings proved to be promising and economical to deal with wastewater using iron mineral for the elimination of organic pollutants. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Sun Kai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Youbin Si
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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35
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Huang W, Wang F, Qiu N, Wu X, Zang C, Li A, Xu L. Enteromorpha prolifera-derived Fe 3C/C composite as advanced catalyst for hydroxyl radical generation and efficient removal for organic dye and antibiotic. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120728. [PMID: 31202067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enteromorpha prolifera-derived Fe3C/C composite has been fabricated through a facile one-step calcination method. As an advanced Fenton-like catalyst, the obtained Fe3C/C composite displayed high catalytic reactivity to generate hydroxyl radicals. It is worth to note that the removal rate of methylene blue (MB) could effectively reach 100% in a wide pH range (pH = 2˜12) and the maximum degradation capacity of the composite is 660 mg/g. The stability and reusability of Fe3C/C composite catalyst have also been tested, which could remain the removal rate at 100% after 6 consecutive runs. To illustrate the practical application possibility, the Fe3C/C composite catalyst was used for degradation of papermaking and dyeing waste water, which could reduce the COD (chemical oxygen demand) value to less than 50. Additionally, the antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) could also be catalytically removed by the Fe3C/C composite and the possible removal pathway has also been proposed. The excellent removal performance of Fe3C/C composite for MB and NOR may be attributed to the synergistic effect between porous carbon adsorption and Fe3C catalysis. This study not only provides novel insights into recycling of waste biomass, but also paves a new way for the application of Fe3C/C in dyes and antibiotics waste water treatment areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Na Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Chuansheng Zang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Aihua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Liqiang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Meireles AM, Almeida Lage AL, Ribeiro JM, Silva MAND, Souza-Fagundes EMD, Martins DCDS. Synthetic Mn(III) porphyrins as biomimetic catalysts of CYP450: Degradation of antibiotic norfloxacin in aqueous medium. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108615. [PMID: 31400562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR) is a synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic classified as an emerging contaminant. Here, we investigate Mn(III) porphyrin-catalyzed NOR degradation using peroxides or peracids (H2O2, t-BuOOH, or Oxone®) as oxidants. We evaluate three Mn(III) porphyrins: the 1st-generation tetraphenylporphyrin and 2nd -generation porphyrins bearing halogen atoms at the ortho-positions of the porphyrin macrocycle meso-aryl groups. Experiments were carried out in aqueous medium under mild conditions. NOR degradation was 67%. Products were proposed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Oxone® was the best oxidant for NOR degradation despite its possible decomposition in the reaction medium. The second-generation Mn(III) porphyrins were more resistant than the first-generation Mn(III) porphyrin, indicating that the bulky groups introduced into the porphyrin macrocycle meso-aryl groups led to more robust catalysts. The degradation products did not present cytotoxic behavior under the employed conditions. In conclusion, Mn(III) porphyrin-catalyzed NOR degradation is a promising strategy to degrade fluoroquinolones and other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moreira Meireles
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa Almeida Lage
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mirra Angelina Neres da Silva
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria de Souza-Fagundes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dayse Carvalho da Silva Martins
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEx), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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37
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Persulfate activation for efficient degradation of norfloxacin by a rGO-Fe3O4 composite. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Nie W, Mao Q, Ding Y, Hu Y, Tang H. Highly efficient catalysis of chalcopyrite with surface bonded ferrous species for activation of peroxymonosulfate toward degradation of bisphenol A: A mechanism study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:59-68. [PMID: 30339933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chalcopyrite nanoparticles (CuFeS2 NPs) with abundant surface bonded ferrous were successfully prepared, characterized and used as a catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and BPA degradation. The effect of reaction parameters such as initial pH, catalyst load, PMS concentration, initial BPA concentration and reaction temperature on BPA degradation in CuFeS2-PMS system was systematically investigated. As a bimetallic sulfide, CuFeS2 exhibits ultra-high activity for PMS activation compared with Cu2S, FeS2, CuFeO2 and Co3O4. It was found that by co-use of 0.1 g L-1 CuFeS2 and 0.3 mmol L-1 PMS, 20 mg L-1 of BPA was almost completely degraded (99.7%) and reached a mineralization rate of 75% within 20 min. The highly catalytic activity of CuFeS2 is closely related to two aspects: one is that S2- in the catalysts promotes the cycling of Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cu2+/Cu+ cycles on the surface, and the other is the synergistic effect of Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cu2+/Cu+ cycles in the PMS activation. These interesting findings shed some new insight on the development of metal sulfides for the oxidative treatment of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qihang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yaobin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Heqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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39
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Mian MM, Liu G. Sewage sludge-derived TiO 2/Fe/Fe 3C-biochar composite as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of methylene blue. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:101-114. [PMID: 30316152 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel TiO2/Fe/Fe3C-biochar composite, as a heterogeneous catalyst, has been synthesized by a single-step route, where sewage sludge (SS) and different ratios of nanoparticles (NPs: Fe and Ti) impregnated with chitosan using coagulation and flocculation techniques for subsequent thermal decomposition at 800 °C. The physiochemical properties of samples have been characterized thoroughly and employed in methylene blue (MB) degradation tests. It was found that NPs ratio and chitosan support have significant influences on the properties and catalytic activity of catalysts. Chitosan inclusion successfully improves the surface area and mesoporosity of composites, while high contents of Fe integration reduce surface area and active site (Fe3C) due to Fe0 agglomeration. Though, Ti incorporation produces Ti3+ that activated photosensitivity. Catalyst with the high mesoporous surface, Ti3+, selective Fe3C, and small Fe0 shows superior MB removal competency through concurrent adsorption, photodegradation, and H2O2 activation. Primarily OH and some O2- radicles participating in the degradation reactions evident from scavenging experiments. The maximum MB removal capacity evaluated as 376.9 mg L-1 in neutral pH. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits excellent material stability, recyclability, easy separability, and low Fe-ion leaching (0.11 mg L-1) after catalysis. This study provided new insight into a low-cost and environmentally friendly route of catalyst synthesis using SS, NPs, and chitosan, which concurrently advantageous to SS disposal and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Manik Mian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, PR China.
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